The Sun. — London, England, 1822-01-15 00:00:00

it , \ :..... .„,..._. O ...., : _ f • . . 4; '-,; --------: • 44.1t 4 '.!ale,{ - : - . - ?: z 1: 4 -t ...... ---,-. ...,1, , •, , "2,,, : , . .t. ~, "'-'-'" ‘"'"', ......,'t4 ".!gt, ,'-',':. '441 'h...4-• r ' .;:' . '' ''.. , : ; ' ; '.: 1 :' :1 ',......_ •*:• - drin:.*::!1 , 4.e.\:%'' : ' .- . ',.,5,.; 1 , 1 . f ..." mew... - ' . 1 ' ,~ S. • , - ' • ~. ( t , I , i ) a/7 -y Gt/00-9 /7' .11/-- '149 4. • PRICE SEVENPENT,CF,. NtrirlßEß 9170.] TUESDAY, .JANUARY 15, 1822. IRISH PEASANTRY. SUBSCRIPTIONS towards RAISING a FUND for the PURCHASE of FOOD and FUEL fer the DISTRESSED PEASANTRY of IRELAND, will be received at the Office of Tut SuN Newspaper, No. 112, London, until proper Persons are appointed in Ireland lo receive and appropriate the same. A Freeman of Cork - - £5 0 0 Another Freeman of Cork - 5 0 John Atkinson, Pore-street, London 10 0 A. S. A. -1 0 0 R. E. - 1 0 0 Tut Sv N Newspaper - - 5 0 0 LONDON, Dec. 14, Ise . To 4.e AGRICULTURAL, COLONIAL, EAST INDIA, SHIPPING, and MONIED INTERESTS of the UNITED KINGDOM. A, MEETING of - MEMBERS of these seve , • rai BRITISH INTERESTS is intended to he held at iAe CITY of LONDON TAVERN, on the assembling of Par t, for the purpose , of INVESTIGATING the CAUSE of the tl present NATIONAL DISTRESS . , and of discossing " devising- a Remedy; and particularly for the purpose of ascer taining whether our national i:tliurance of the mighty, t oesnurces of the British Empire is not the principal cause of u r ila innal difficulties, and whether those mighty resources bLan,tiot be beneficially brought into action by a wise and com rreavnsive system of Coin meter, founded on principles of reci procity of benefits, and combined with a system of finance, l °a nited on self •creating and self-supporting principles, so as „,o.gire profitable employment to the whole of our capital, " d iPPing, and people, and thereby to render a numerous and aft i ncreasing population, with a proportionate taxation , blessings instead of what tht y now are, a curse. t Wit h the knowledge of such a system of commerce and t i l ' an ces the inevitable tendency of which would be to remove „ the°f Briti s h E mp i re to th e highest pitch, the Meeting will be tuade a cqua i n t e d ; an d, a s all British Interests have one "Ject only to promote, it is intended thatthe Meeting should consider the expediency of petitioning Parliament to appoint `t Co mmittee to ascertain the value of each and every British in terest to the St a t e , with a view to the imposition, on rival t ° reign products, of protecting duties, which shall equalize, 1t the British markets, the burthens and privileges of Fii r'itn and British Producers, Ship-Owners, &c. Under such a n equitable system, commerce might be allowed the freedom °I air; and the interests of every class of Britons, being se fute from undue prefeence and unequal com " Pe d rmanently secured r and rapidly a,Jvanced.petition, would „T he Manufacturing Interest at present possess undue pro "ailing protection ; their machinery is untaxed, or is at least very unequally and inadequately taxed as compared with ma - total labour ;—a large portion of their labour and poor are lJs'tl by the Landed Interest, through the poors'-rate, for aish the Mauulacturing Interest repay nu eq , •Nalent. In ` tg3 ithan to these consid e rations, it may be added, that their za antsfactur . f • •*an in lien of Colonial and British .. • ing front of et, 'alba cotton, is a loss to the Empire, amounting in the whole 1 .0 about twenty millions sterling per annum. The Manufac itirers, therefore, cannot he considered as an entire British e e re s t, a great part of their capital being employed on it i t re 'gn product; our can they be considered as having senti -1,4,,hts altogether congenial with the real interests of the Ear l' 11 , , •In inviting them to attend the proposed Meeting, sd) refo re, they will be considered as. present its their real al leter Ge • neral Merchants, as well as those trading exclusively Holy factors although both amiable and Wealthy as aaer and gentlemen, are still in their mere mercantile l : i s factors for others; arid, in their dealings, are a ,, c "i'ila regardless of country, or of the cost of production j a * Products, provided the customer at the end pays them their et . " Re, or a profit sits the adventure. They are also, how -11)", levited to attend the proposed Meeting ; and it is put PP the candour of • many Merchant , : themselves, a hether, as thei r unwi se las have invited, and du invite, them to invest Xir capital its foreign loans, forests, and ships, or in foreign t, hemp, flax, cotton, tobacco, and rice fields, or in the , Ite colatioti and factorage of them, thereby alienating British ( i• a pitals.and as they are now or about employing foreign in t i en of British people and ships, to the great prejudice of the latter ; ,,, d „ f • the Empire,—whether their attendance can be ‘nnsiatred as that of a real and entire British interest. This • : I , 4s thin I leave them to determine. It is also wished to be vii4rstood, that an Interest supported bY a slave impalas very short in its value to the s'aate, whets compared pith "t I en un tr e eat ththem at givetos consi empder,loymthat ent the measures to a free poforpol ati which on : „i l i Plicati on i s i nten d e d t o b e mad e t o Parliament are founded t nt he principles,— .."at the profitable employment of our own, and not foreign I - ?Pie Nor slaves, constitues the wealth and prosperity of the latish Empire. That the agriculture of our Empire, when duly protected, is th i n root of and propelling power to all our other branches t ; i ndustry; and that ultimately all our other interestsadvance ',!.vtrograde with it in an equal ratio. ti l , hat our exports are the mere payment of our imported tt 1 4 ' 1 es of consumption ; and that our general consumption v tt i Only be it by the profitable employment of the at ura's - s of our people. i sti ' not in consequence of our Empire requiring about two millions of additional people, to bring all its resources action every mats, when duly employed, is a positive gain the State ; but, when deprived of profitable employment, a n , I n" fo nd , it on the oth hand, of about fifty pounds per ; a consequently that the consumption of every Ws i gn article, (even though such articleswere bestowed upon I . nr a donation) provided we can produce the like of the iit'u,,:i4grner toarticle ourselves with otherwise unemployed people, i us than if we paid such of our own unensployed l t l e for its production fifty pouods per annum per man. ta at a large taxation cats be supported only by a large in si,,,;kes that ne i t h er th e qua lity o r cost of things are State but belong solely to traffickers, producers, and conautu ,atntinit that all that statesmen have to do is to ascertain their tisto the State and protect them accordiagly. " time of meeting will be announces' in a future adver lis-aent.—The overt Genlemen who attend it are requested to be p s :P a red to app r to dispute the accuracy of the above ct,tiP_nsitions. The Editors of Newspapers, and other pubii piiiluentt• are invited to insert arguments in opposition to these Wh o 'Pies, provided they do the saute by the answers. Those naderstand the fundamental rules on which the propos 1" . 1 ' . ire grounded, as well as those who do not, and yet len_a ovely interest in their success, if found to Ire true, may C% to ril furthetpaiticulars, (if by letter post-paid.) on appea -1 JOSEPH PINSENT, s , 22, Birchin-lane, Cornhill, London. • "o Englishman has completed the discharge of his duty !o w e otae means remains untried of averting the approaching of his country. H Ptsoys TOOTH PowDER AND TINCTURE. HE above Discoveries, if attended to, will ate effectually supercede the necessity of a Dentist ; they N et 3 ,Llte remedies for all Disorders „ f the month ; they not eIY Cleanse and beautify the Teeth, but preserve them for r t i d eoay to the latest period of life ; they are an antidote th e - swelled face, and the tontli•ach ; they remove !'ed n sel li'vY from the gums, leaving them firm and of a healthy t eet tss ; they infallibly arrest the progress of Caries in the p ots us refresh the mouth and sweeten the Breath ; they both b h , ess the same virtues, and may be mod alone, or together, t t ; e1 111 F Tincture acts more speedily in fastening louse Teel It, "Ingthe Scurvy, &c ; and it is an infallible remedy fur the tiee u „ th 'ach, and prevents a relapse ; they are so perfectly in pw-drlf) that a Child may take the contents of a Buz of the and the Tincture is an excellent stom a chic; price 94 kIs;) k ad _ , aat HUDSON'S TOOTH BRUSHES in sets of three, Tr , on Sciontific principles, price 3s. and in Ivory, 75.6.1. (iyh n ," following Agents are appointed :—M r. Atkinson 1 40 ;""le Agent) 44, Gerrard-street, Sohn-square ; Sanger. li Chandler, 76, Oxford-street . ; Gattie, 57 ; Ititt'ge• 35, iii"eu-street; Howell -and .lames, 9, Regent-street ; ‘Taite, Prout, 229, Strand ; Barclay's, Fleet market ; rkbst a Medicin e V en d ers nd Perfumers. ih„ e L As miattak e s hav e ar i sen t o th e Publi c res p ec ting th e articles, the Public are respectfully informed, that M. ]-t ads Mi. Chemist, Haymarket, has no concern with them; ts Ut l ,".Y . genuine without the Propriet*snarne and Adtirvis EAST INDIA HOUSE, Jan. e, 1523. THE. COURT OF DIRECTORS of the UNITED COWAN Y of 'MERCHANTS of ENG LAND TRADING to the EAST INDIES do hereby give Notice to all PRIZE AGENTS or other Persons who are di rected by the Act of let and 2d George IV. Cap. tilt to pay over to the East India Company in London, the amount of UNCLAIMED PRIZE MONEY remaining in hands be longing to Officers and Soldiers being, or having been, in the Service of the East India Company, and to Commanders Of ficers, Seamen, and other persons, serving, or who may have served, on board of any Ship or Vessel in the Serri,e of the said Company, that the period limited - by the said Act, within which the payments were to be made, expired on the 3d December last t And the Court hereby require all Per sons to whom the saidisct may apply forthwith to deliver to their Secretary, at time East India House, Usti of the Un claimed Prize Nivaey so remaining in their hands, and pay the amount thereof into the Company's Treasury. Forms of the Satements required from the several parties may be seen uu'applicativn at the Secretary's Office at this House, JOSEPH DART, Secretary. MB. PINSENrS SYSTEM. TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE , MOST NOBLE 11ARQ UIS WELLESLE Y, lIIS MAJESTY'S LORD LICIJTENANT OF IRELAND. Y Loßn,—Sensible as I am of the arduousness and im portance of the task, and of the purity and patriotism of your Lordship's motives in taking upon yourself the Vice-Royalty of Ireland, in these times of unexampled difficulty and of grievous distress, it is from an imperious sense of duty alone, and the impulse of patriotic feelings, that I am induced (al though only a plain practical man) to crave permission front your Excellency to make some observations on the cause of the distress of the British Empire generally, and particularly of Ireland, and to offer to your Lordship's consideration the sug gestion of a remedy for the same. Allow me, my Lord, to observe,-in the first place, that the first duty of our Government is. to ascertain ..wintt constitutes the wealth and prosperity of the British Empire, and which will be found to consist in the profitable employment of our people. This will prove, that a numerous, virtuous, and well-em ployed population is its greatest blessing. strength, and support; and that a flourishing agriculture, including mines and fisheries, is the root of, and propelling power to, all our other branches of industry—That we cannot tarty commerce beyond the 'con sumption of the payments of our exports—That nothing can increase that consumption but the profitable employment of our people in the aggregate, and that we cannot consume a fo reign article, the like of which we can produce ourselves, with out depriving of profitable employment sfich a number of our own people as would be adequate to the production of that ar ticle ; and consequently, that the consumption of such foreign article is a great loss to the state, even if they were received gratuitously. Having settled these premises, derived from unerring prin ciples in political economy, I will endeavour to point out the cause of, and the remedy for, our distress ; and I mean to contend, that that cause is principally owing to our national ig norance of the mig;ity resources of the British Empire, and of that system of commerce and finance necessary to bring these resources into action, so as to give all our people profitable em ployment, and increase our revenue in a proportionate ratio, without injury to any useful class of society. If this be admitted to be the cause, then the remedy is ob vious ; and it is simply this :—To establish a system of com merce founded on principles of reciprocity of benefits, and to combine it with a system of finance, founded on self-creating and self-supporting principles, that shall, by their protection to native and colonial industry, give every man in the Empire profitable employment. With a knowledge of these systems I have offered to make Government acquainted, on reasonable conditions. These systems, my Lord, are the cure for our present dis tresses ; and unless your Lordship attend to their fundamental principles, and thereby give the people of Ireland permanent profitable employment, all the bayonets, and all the soft per suasion in the world, will be equally incapable, while life exists, of satisfying the crating stomachs of a half-starved population. In order to promote this desirable object, I have advertised a meeting of the several British Interests, to be held at the City ' of London Tavern,. on the assembling of Parliament, when I presume to think that it will be made to appear that the cause I of our distress is not what has been generally conceived, viz. the extravagance of Ministers, or a depreciated currency, or the transition from war to peace, or over abundant crops, or &c.,excessive taxation, but simply our not doing our own work . with our own people. To enable us to do this, we must pro tect every property of the British Empire from foreign compe tition, according to its value to the State respectively; and then let Commerce have the freedom of air. Therefore, my Lord, I conceive it to. be the first of the desirable objects which your Lordship no doubt purposes to give the people of Ireland temporary employment, by cutting canals, making roads, drain ing bogs, and improving the land by every means possible ; and this, even if done, at the public expence, will be a public gain ; for the extra revenue produced by the increased consumption will re-pay from one-third to one-half of the charge, while the relief given to the public and private charities, and the'saving in the expence of keeping up a large standing Army, will very nearly pay the other half of the cost of the improvements. The permanent relief, however, must be in emigration to our beau tiful Colonies; and this can only be done or obtained by pro tecting every description of property from foreign competition, according to its value to the State, which will act as a bounty for the production in our Colonies of that corn, hemp, flax, cotton, and tobacco, now furnished by foreigners,—enable us to cut and carry our own timber, &c., which we now pay fo reigners for doing, and which keeps about a million and a half of our own people in a state of poverty, wretchedness, and de moralization, and three hundred thousand tons of our shipping unemployed ! This simple measure would require, in order to effect the aforesaid purpose, an annual emigration of from fifty to a hundred thousand people from Ireland ; and as the balance in crease of population of that country is about a hundred and fifty thousand per annum, this number can be beneficially spared, and would create profitable employment for double their number left behind, in building and navigating ships for the purpose of bringing their products from Canada, Southern Africa, and New South Wales, and in making and carrying various manufactures for the use of the Colonists. I may ob serve, that none are more useful for the cultivation of new coun tries than the Irish peasantry. I know this from my own ex.. per ience. In my Pamphlet, entitled " Conversations in Political Eco nomy," which I send you herewith, your Lordship will find how all this can be accomplished, without calling on the public purse for a single shilling, and which would not only relieve all our distresses, but add to the wealth and prosperity of the Bri tish Empire, to the amount of about forty millions sterling per annum, give profitable employment to a million and a half of our now idle people, and to five hundred thousand tons of ad ditional British shipping, and make us independent of fo reigners. One great error of the Nation, and particularly of the Minis ters, is the considering a stationary revenue to be a criterion of national prosperity ; whereas. it is a proof of a national decay, equal to about 21 per cent., When compared with what a sound moral and political state would produce e tensequently we are politically losing half a million of our people, and about 25 millions of property per annum, while those who are ignorant of these facts thine that we are going on well. Another error is, that our dealing with foreigners is consi dered by them as increasing our wealth and industry, from their taking off the products of our industry, and giving us their produce in return. And the effect is so when we take from them what we cannot produce ourselves ; but when, on the contrary, we take from them articles which we can produce ourselves, we destroy our wealth and consumption in the tame ratio. For instance, we take from fereigners corn, hemp, flax, cotton, and tobacco, through the Irish are rebellious for want of profitable employment ; and the people of England are now living on the landed interest. Our poor's rate could people our beautiful Colonies, and in those Colonies our Poor could produce immense wealth for themselves and for the parent State,: taking in return equiva lents in manufactured goods, for their corn, hemp, flax, cotton, and tobacco, and adding greatly to the political power and re sources of the Empire. They would save to us their present charge on the private and public charities, as well as the cost of an awned force and police to keep them in subjection. These things put together will amount to gam a sum that your Lord ship will see that foreign corn, hemp, flax, cotton, and tobacco, would be dear to us as a donation, while we can our selves produce them in our own Empire, by paying our own people at the rate of fifty pounds per man per annum. But the objection to this 'by the consumer is, We shall by such pro tecting duties pay a greater price for those articles which you have just enumerated than we do at present. I answer, that the increased price will be nominal, and not reel ; and that in reality the cost of all those articles will be less than it is now. Why not do for all your industry now, what you did for your shipping and manufacturing interests when the navigation laws, and the laws for prohibiting the importation of foreign manufactures, were first enacted. 'those protecting laws en abled you to compete with, and to excel the world ; and so you will successfully compete with, and excel the world in the pro duction of corn, hemp, fax, cotton, and tobacco, when you are equally protected ; for you have soil, and climate in which they are indigenous, and people starving for want of profitable employment. But, taking it on your own grounds, and-ad mitting that you would pay more for these articles than if you purchased them of foreigners, I contend, that though the price might be higher, the cost would in reality be less ; for the in creased price which you would pay to your osit.n people for these articles would be more, much more, than compensated by the reduction of poor's rates and - public charities alone, to soy nothing of the revenue which would be gained to the State, and the great and growing advantages of as incrsesed and incteas ing demand for our manufactures. If you pay your own peo ple a greater price for their products, they on their part pay you a greater return for yours ; and by reducing your poor's rates and expences of Government, in reality create a larg e balance in your favour,—so, that though the consumer may p a y a greater price for the products of our own people than for those of foreigners, the actual cost is less when he buys them of the former, than it is when has buys of the latter. Your Lordship will at! once perceive this distinction be tween cost and price, that poor's rates, &c. enter into the cost of all our articles of consumption, and that the seeming low price of foreign products, therefore, by no means measures their cost to the consumers. - The case of the peasantry in Ireland is in some respects si milar to that of the Landed interest in England,—the Law in Ireland allowing the landlord to turn his peasantry adrift, when he does not want them, and the law in England allowing the peasantry to turn the Landed interest adrift, when the land will produce enough only for themselves. The latter, how ever, having greater influence with the Legislature than the former, applies to Parliament for redress; whereas, (in my opi nion), the former consider themselves not to have such influ ence, and fearing future starvatitm, very injudiciously take the law into their own hands. While our present systems of Commerce and Finance are continued, our situation unfortunately is such that - we cannot decrease our taxation, without increasing, in the like ratio, the, charge on the poors' rates and public charities; therefore, we must raise our income equal to our expenditure. It is a pity that. Ministers did not advise his Majesty, when in Ireland, to visit the cottages of the usefhl peasantry, as well as the palace and mansion of the rich; this would have enabled the comprehensive mind of his Majesty not only to have discovered the real cause and remedy for our distress, but would have. given his Majesty's benevolent and paternal heart more joy and permanent gratification, as well as Ireland More benefit by one 'hundred times, than all the pomp and parade which were exhi bited on the occasion ; but the misfortune is, that Kings (says Fenelon) seldom know the real state of things. The hearth-money and the window-tax should be consoli dated in the house-tax, which would cause property to pay according to its value; whereas, at present a house with twenty windows in the bogs of Allen, which would not be worth 201. per annum, would pay as much window-tax as-one in Cheap- • . side, London, worth 3001. per annum, added to which, that tax, by lessening the number of our windows, destroys our health, and the beauty of our architecture. There is another source of grievance, which although minor in importance to what I have before mentioned, is still very great, namely, the tithing system, both in England and Ire land, not so much as to its amount, as its principle and. opera- Lion, although the former is no trifle. It has the following pre judicial consequences attending it : First, As its claims are undefined—Secondly, As it presses hard on land, labour, skill and capital, and checks and impedes the improvement of the soil and increase of the wealth of the Empire. As farmers in general consider how to avoid the pay ments of tithes, in nearly all their arrangements, as they are often double, andi sometimes quadruple their rent, the mis taken notion that tithe acts as rent on land should be exploded, for it has a very contrary effect. Its further injurious consequence is, that nine times out of ten it keeps the pastor and -his flock completely at variance, and destroys that Religion which the clergy were intended to inculcate and promote. But to a Catholic it presses with a double force, as in paying his tithe to a Protestant clergy man, he believes it to be virtually in direct violation of his religion-Ltonsequently, he considers the man a demon who could be cruel enough to force him to make such a sas crifice of conscience, and commit so heinous a crime. But as the landlord came to his land with these incumbrances attached to it, the tithe should be valued throughout the Empire, charged to the landed interest, or put up and sold to the best bidder, and the amount invested in public funds, and the - Clergy paid therefrom by a general rate ; or a modus for tithe might be established thoughout the kingdom, when the landlord could include with and charge tithe as an increased rent. The clergy would be also gainers, as nothing will alienate the affection of the people from the Government, and bring about a revolution so soon as our tithe system, when it is easily conceived what would be the tithing systeni's fate. But inde pendent of all-these circumstances, there is something so un natural in the tithing system, and so much at variance with the spirit of our constitution, that it imperiously demands our Le gislature to give it a thorough and minute investigation, not only as to its amount and general tendency, but from what motive it was first introduced and became part of our conati tutional law; and I think it will be found that it was to satisfy some clamorous anti powerful faction, and that the good of the British Empire, and the promotion of Religion, were nearly put out of the question. I may be onswered that it now forms a part of our Constitu tion. My reply to that is, so 'have many other laws and regu lations; but they were found detrimental, and were lopt off for the good of the whole, like so many rotten limbs of trees, in order to make room for more thriving branches. Here then is a precedent for correcting this tithing system, which is so in capable of amalgamation with the other parts of our constitution. Therefore, and for the good of the whole empire, wisdom de mands its immediate dissection ; but the Clergy should cer tainly suffer nothing by the operation. If we trace back to the origin of tithe, we may, by making fair allowance for the imperfections of human nature, perhaps be able to discover some bias displayed by our great lawgiver, in favour of his brother Aaron, in the granting of tithe, or the t it was never contemplated that the Clergy should have a tenth of our articles, where nine-tenths of it was composed of labour and capital, as is the case in the United Kingdom, as relates to corn, and perhaps it may be found that the poor were to be paid by the clergy out cif the tithe. Indeed, as i said .before, there is something so inharmonious and monstrous in the ope rations of the tithing system, that it has tended to cause more bad passions and destroy the practice of religious worship, and made more alienate from the established church, than any other act of our Legislature; and as a proof of which, how-much stronger is the tie of affection and duty between the pastors of the Itoinan Catholics and their flocks, as well as between the pastors of the Scoteh Church and their flocks, where, in neither caste, tithe is paid, compared to the pastors of the Church of England and their flocks,: where the tithing system exists. With respect to resident or non-resident landlords, if the tenant's market for his produce be equal in bath caste, no harm comes to him. In England - the tenant, would rather have any one near him than the clere;yrann and his landlord ; but how far the same provisions whien are exported to this and to other parts of the world would be mote beneficial to Ireland by being consumed amongst - a native manufacturing population, is a question my mind is. not stetticiently made tip to deride on, as I. consider that every country . arid people, as tor as it is possible, ahould be independent of their neighbours. So think the Pre sident of the Ilnited States, the French Government, -&c. consequently it should supply . itself with,all that it Is capable of producing, and barter only. its superabundance with others for what it cannot produce itself. I - conceive that the necessitous poor of every por t ion of the United Kingdom should be paid out of public funds ; .and the re, venue should be equally levied on feireign rival products, as pro teeting duties, also on 'Lauri , sin any part of the United Kino dorn, as well as property, according to its value in that poet of the United Kingdom where it nue/ be situated ; and theinno more hindrance should be given to communications between one part and the otherof the - United Kingdom titan there is at present be tween Middlesex and Surrey ; hut until then it would be injus tice to the English landed interest, who pay poor's rates,. aril I believe some chides and taxes in addition to the Irish landed interest, and tithe anti pOorS' rates in addition to • the Scotch landed interests to allow Irian and Scotch products to. Vela - ,tt on a level with their own. . Vac admitting Roman Catholic subjects to an equal' parti cipation of political power with ourselves, I can steno objection to; still I believe that deficiency of our duty is no cause of Ire land's present troubles. The went of profitable employment for her people ia the principal; if not the whole cause ; anti nothing (as I said before) but the protecting every property the British Empire frora foreign competition, according, to its re spective value to the State, so as to give all our people profit able employment at home and in our Colonies, and increase the revenue, in the like ratio, can effect this desirable object; and. that. will give pei ma lent prosperity to the Empire. • The SIJI4 Newspapers of the 15th and 29th ult. which I have fotgartied to your Excellency contain my advertisement for a general meeting, as well as Inv observations.on. the royi e gation laws ; and my letter to As r. WALLACE. To these l bees leave to call your Excellency'e attenfon. I trust that I have point d out the cause of, and remedy for, the. distresses of the British Ehr.pire i - and with an offer of my services on all occasions for carrying them into execution, I have the honour to be, Your E.acelbency's very obedient Servaot, ,10.SEP11 PINSENT. PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, REGENT-STREET. PRESIDENT.' The Right Honourable Earl GREY. VICE- PRESI.6ENTS. The Marquis of Sahshury,K.G. Earl of Hardwicke, K.G. Earl of Carnarvon, Viscount Bolkeley, Viscount Duticannon, Lord Braybruo4t. 'EES. Praed, Esq. George Duckett, Esq. R.R.S. TRUS I.ord King, Lurd Braybrooke, Sir S. B. Morlaud, Bart. M.P. DIREC' John Attxantier,Eqq. TORS. Hon. Colonel Thos. Parker, William Praed, Esq. Hon. Washington Shirley, Rev. Dr. Sleath, Dr. Abraham Wilkinson, Thomas Wyatt, Esq. Francis Cunst, Esq. William Dawson, Esq. William Judd, Esj. John Marshall, Esq. Sir S. B. Morlind. ban. M.P. _ Edward Nugent, Esq. J. T. BARBER BEAUMONT, Esq. F.A.S. Managing Director. NOTICE is hereby given, that permission is granted to all Persons whose Lives are Insured at this Office (not being Mariners in the ex , :rcise of their profes sion), to pass by sea in whole decked vessels or steam-boats from one part of the United Kingdom to another, and also in time of peace from British to the Foreign Ports between the Texel and Brest inclusive, without License and extra Premium, as is generally required. Military Men insured at this Office are not charged with any additional premium unless called into actual service. No Admission Fees are required, nor is any charge made for Policies, except the stamp duty. Persons insured for Life in this Office share the Profits Sep tennially with the Original Members, according to their respective Contributions. Thus, by the specific stuns insured, and Contingent Profits, they have the fullest Va lue for their payments, in a manner nearly similar to that until lately adopted in the . Equitable Office, but with this presumed improvement, viz. that as the Ori ginal Members hare raised a permanent Fund, deemed amply s 'dent for tke purpose of indemnity, it is provided, that n onal responsibility shall attach to the Policy fluldes‘, ence those who seek protection are secured from uncertainty and risk of loss as in a Proprietary Office, having a large inheritable capital, and are entitled to a participation in the profits, as in a Union Society. Bonuses of 131.85. and 2GI. per cent. hare been di vided during the last fourteen years. Advantages thus extensive and substantial have been con stantly realized during n period of sixteen years, miller the plan and management of this Office. The Public will readily appreciate the difference between the value of Policies issued by this Office and by others. SMIRKE'S SHAKESPEARE. In the coursiut Publication, ILLUSTRATIONS of SHAKESPEARE, from Pictures Painted expressly for this WORK, by ROBERT SMIRKS, Esq. R.A. and Engraved i❑ the finest style by the most eminent Historical Engravers. A celebrated German critic lins said, that the fame of Shakspeare, " for centuries to come, will continue to gather strength, like an Alpine avalanche, at every period of its de scent. Certain it is, that any work connected with Shah speare's name, and which has for its object the illustration of his inimitable productions, may confidently rely on finding favour with the world. His fame is the cause of fame in others. Commentators , innumerable have been permit ted to inscribe their otherwise perishable names on the eternal rock of his genius ; and even Players have for years acquired opulence and popularity by happy portraitures of his living characters. In announcing, therefore, a series of engravings, intended as embellishments for - any edition of Shalispeart's Plays, it is unnecessary to offer an argument to vindicate, or an apology to excuse, the undertaking. The spirit of poetry, whirls haunts every scene of the Plays of Sliskspeare, beckons to her sister art to wander with her, and thus " make society the sweeter welcome :" and it will now, it is hoped, be seen that she does not call in vain. In the whole range of the drama, there ate no win ks in which characters so striking and various, or situations so romantic and delightful, present themselves, to invite the illustration, and inspire the emulation, of painting.. The editions of our Poet's plays have for the most part been published without embellishments, or encu►nbered with en gravings so indifferent, as to make their possessors consider them " when unadorned, adorned the nowt," It is chiefly to supply such editions that the Proprietors of the present Work have undertaken it. Each Play will furnish subjects for five elegant Engravings, in addition to a Vignette ; the aggregate number, therefore, of the plates will be Twu Hun dred and Twenty-two. The name of the Artist from whose hand the Paintings fur this Work are to proceed, may fully justify, and will doubt less not deceive, the most sanguine expectations. The Ge nies of Smirke has successfully displayed its power in his Il lustrations to Gil Bias, the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, and the late Edition of Don Quixote; and the varied scenes of passion and humour, in the Plays of Shakspeare, will afford a still more ample scope for the extraordinary skill and beauty of his pencil. The Proprietors, refraining front the usual promises and flatteries of a prospectus, content themselves with referring the public to the Nmoliers already published of this Work, as a fair specimen at the care and ability with which the whole will regularly be prodoced. NIOOF, or PUBLICATION: _ I. The Work will he comprised in Thirty•seven Numbers ; each Number containing Five Illustrative Engravings, and a Vignette. 11. A Number will he published every Two Months, till completed. s. d. India paper, proofe. 41n 1 10 0 French p►►pe'r, proofs, 4to 1 t) 0 Imperial See 0 18 0 Royal Bvu et.• For the accorntnodation at those who may be desirous of possessing a beautiful arid correct Editiol► of Shakspeare, it is intended tupublish one in Octavo. (without Notes,) from th e f a st corrected text of Johnson and Steevens ; and the Play illustrate , : will be published at the same time with the Em bellishments, price Three Shillings rack Number. A limit ed nun►ber of copies will be ailor(' un imperial Octavo, price Six Shillings each Number. The Numbers already published are as follow : 1. The Tempe At. 11. 'Taming of the Shrew. Nlerry NVices•ot . . . . . . IV. Twelfth Ni4lo, (in February 1822.) V. Mea.ur.• for Measure, (in April.) VI. genie() nail Juliet, (in June.) VII. 1 - lenry the Fourth, Part I, (in August.) VIII. :Midsummer Night's Dream, (in October.) IX. Two Gent leiorn of Verona, i in Desernber.) London • Printed for itodwell and Martin, llond-street; sold by Colnactii rind Co. (.7ockspur-street, and the principal Buyiliellers in the United Kin‘dorn. THE OTTOMAN DYNASTY. Supposing the tragical events said to have oc curred at Constantinople had really happened, though there is now no doubt of the falsehOod.of the report, into whose hands Would the sceptre of the Ottoman pass? We shall not examine here the consequences of such an event on the politics of Europe, but coutcut ourselves with tracing its immediate probable results. If, as was said, the Sultan and his son had.pe. rished, the Ottoman. race being extinct ita - thgit persons, the ()mantis would be obliged to have recourse to the family of the Khans who reigned. formerly i❑ the Crimea, and who, upon the ces sion of that kingdom to Russia, retired into Tur key. The members of this faptilyare still theret, and several of its Princes are dispersed in diffe rent provinces of the Empire, in which they have acquired, by gift or purchase, very considerable property. The family of the Khans has a right to the succession of the Ottoman Throne, because it de rives its origin from the same Tartar tribe as the Ottoman family„—the tribe of the Oguzians. to consequence of this acknowledged parentage, a fundamental law Was established by the Ottoman Sultans. " In case the family Ali-Othman should be extinct," says this law, " a Prince of the . fa mily • Ali-Jenghiziatie (Genghis Khan) shall.be chosen.' This law,which has never been abolished, is now in full force, and is so considered by the Niussulmans ; for in 1701, the Janissaries and inhabitants of Constantinople, having revolted against Mustapha If., they debated at an assem bly held in the Ilippodromus, who should be pro claimed Sultan in his place. As Mustapha kept all the Princes of the blood at Adrianople in cus tody, and well watched, some of the leaders pro posed as the heir of the Throne the only son of the Princess Saphia, daughter of Sultan Mourad, who was then at Constantinople ; but all the Test of the Assembly opposed it vehemently, de claring, that the Ottoman empire should never descend to the progeny of the female branch ; upon which the Mufti, accompanied by the whole body of the Ulemas, stepped forward and said thatthe Ottoman empire ought not to be govern ed but according to its laws, that the Empire could never descend to the offspring of a female, and that if Mustapha were to put to death all the Princes of his blood, the State could only belong to the family Ali-Jenghiziane, whiCh springs from the same stock as the Ottoman family. • But if even this resource should fail, a Mufti, with his enlarged and almost unlimited powers of interpreting the law, would, not find much difficulty in cutting the Gordian knot, whichle could not untie. A fethwa promulgated to sanction a measure, even contrary to the ordinary course, would quiet the most scrupulous con ' sciences, and silence all murmurs. The measure would be the more easy, because the Mussulman law is silent respecting the strc cession of the Throne, and neither the Caliphs, nor the other Mahometan Princes, have passed any fixed or formal decree touching the order of succession. Under the first four Caliphs, succes sors of Mahotnet, the monarchy was elective. The Ommiades and the A bassides declared it hereditary, without determining a constant order of succession. Among the Ottomans, the first fourteen sove reigns reigned from father to son ; because the , ' took the cruel precaution of making away With the princes of the blood who - might aspire to the supreme dignity. Othman I. the founder of this empire, set the example of those crimes by k? - ling with his own hands his uncle DundarXiti ; Buyasid I. caused his only brother to be -put', to death Mourad 11. immolated four of his. bro thers; Selim I. five of his brothers and nephow§,: Mourad lII.' his five younger brothers; and . , ou the very day he ascended the throne, Mahomet caused the blood of nineteen of his brothers to 'he shed : but at the death. of .Ahmed 11c the order of succession was changed. in the Ottoman fan►ily.. As his' children were under . age, 'the Niufti,Esad-Effendi, in an assembly of the DiVah, proclaimed Sultan, by a fethwa; MuStapha,• the brother of the deceased. • The Ottoman Law in this respect resembles the Salic Law. YSTERIOUS STORY.—Statements have lately appeared in the German papers, relative to an act of violence committed on a lady at Bonn. The following acoount of. this athtir.is given in the Hamburgh Correspondent of Jan.:24, 7 - " A lady of distinguished ranst 2 the mother of Princes, and whose fate and situation are sufficient to excite interest and com mand respect, arrived at Bonn, under the name of Mad. Von —. That city, to which she wads attracted on account of her health, pleased her so much, that she determined to take up her resi dence in it until spring. She them laid aside the incognito which she had assumed, and her rank p.. h talped for ]ter fronethe au thorities of the -city that. protection and cm yideratio4 ,wtuah was her due. Nothing; was obscry'd either in her mnduct 'or her conversation which Zev iated from tbestrictestcircunispectiOn. tier numerous domestics were foreigners. Among the pc:ions who formed her society was observed the daughter of President Von liagen, of the government of Cologne,. and Protias . or .Ennemcntsicr„ a physician, who attended on her and pos sessed her full confidence • while another medical pettnn who belonged .to her establishment, and had also the title of physirian, appeared to be no favourite with her. The latter left the town, and it was soon after rpataritett that a stranger had locale his appearance at Bonn, .who appeared to occupy himself much about the I rincess and her eft:tn. On the;nd of November, before day-break, there was heatd, iu the rtrnenta of this Lady, a. nonte similar to went might hP.Ve been expected from the breaking in of a ,band of robbers. Ht r cries awakened Dr. Ennemosseis, who slept in the upper stay. lie came down in haste, andsaw this Princess, who is neat €;H ears of age, struggling against her own. servants , who carried rby main force to a carnage prepared for ber removal. The aggressor fi did not allow her time to dress herself properly. The Doctor wished to oppose this.viclence, but he was overpowered. and the carriage drove off so : rapidly that even the sentinel posted at the entrance could not stop it. The carriage pro v:T4ed on the road to Coblentz : the gate of Bonn on the side of that town being readily opened to the carriage. The partici pators in the plot, who remained in Bonn ;kept the door of the Princeis's hotel fast for two hours to allow their accomplices time to secure their priz'. Those who stayed behindhave bet n .arrested, anti an investigation is commenced-by the Royal Cri:. urinal court." da 61 He Os