The Sun. — London, England, 1853-11-07 00:00:00

LYCEUM THE AT It E. Under the Management of Madame Vestris. THIS EVENING, Nov. 7, Will be presented A CURIOUS CASE. Principal character by Sr. C. Mathews. After which, THE COMMENCEIIENT OF A BAD FARCE which. however (it is hoped), wil. in the cad, show HOW TO 35IAXE HOME. liAt'PY. Principal character by Mr. Wright. To be followed PATTER v. CLATTER. Captain Patter, Mr. Charles Mathews. To conclude 'with WRIGHT AT LAST. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII. Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING, Nov. 7, Will be performed THE DISCARDED SON. Characters by 1.431;,h Murray, Paal Bedford, and Keeley; Mrs. Keeley and Miss 'Woobgar, &c. After which, THE C..MP AT CHOBHAM. To be followed by "HOTEL CHARGES!" or, How to Cook To conclude with COMING OF AGE. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Wigan. THIS EVENING, Nov. 7, Will be performed THE CAMP AT THE OLYMPIC. Charac ters by Messrs. A. Wigan, Emery, F. Robson, Cooper, and Galli ; Ilfesdames A. Wigan, Stirling, P. Horton, Chatierley, E. Turner, and Wyndham. To be followed by PLOT AND PASSION. Principal characters by Mr. F. Robson and Mrs. Stirling. , ASTLEY'S EUROPE'S NATIONAL AMPRIT EIE &TUE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke. GRAND MILITARY SPECTACLE—THE INVASION OF RUSSIA, and TUE BURLESQUE. 'OURTH WEEK of the Star of the Arena, Miss KATE COOKE, who continues to be received with increased enthusiasm. DAILY WEATHER TABLE. MONDAY, Nov. 7, 1853. State of the wind and weather at each of the following places at nine o'clock Saturday morning. The stations ara arranged in order of latitude. LI3IERICK—S., calm—overcast. FOLKESTONE—E., strong breeze—overcast. TUNBRIDGE — E., gentle breeze—overcast. GREENWICH—S.E., gentle breeze—overcast. STROOD—E., gentle breeze—cloudy. awninox—S.E.,lresh breeze—cloudy. CAMBRIDGE—S.E., gentle breeze—cloudy. FARRINGDOX—S.E., breeze—overcast. The returns from the following places ;indicate the state of the weather on Friday morning at nine o'clock : MTILLINGAR—E_., st rong b reeze — ra i n. BIRMINGHAM—N.E., calm —partially cloudy. HOLYHEAD—E" gentle breeze—fine. LANCASTER—W., calm—cloudless. WHITBY-S., gentle breeze—foggy. DARLINGTON—E. gentle breeze —overcast—foggy. SKIP— S., calm --overcast. FARRINGTON—E.S.E., breeze —fair. - _ HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY —Morning 51 min.after 5 Evening 19 min.aft. 6 gO-Mbaßow Morning 52 min.after 6 I Evening 28 min.aft. 7 THE WEATHER.—Sex OFFICE, Nov. 6, THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 53—highest since noon yesterday. 50—lowest this morning and during the night. 60—this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29'98. WIND, E.—Dull, rainy weather. NOVEMBER 7. 60— highest since noon yesterday. 52—lowest this morning and during the night. 57—this day, at noon. _ BAROMETER, 30'30—a rise of nearly half an inch since yesterday. WIND, N.N.W.—Light breeze, and hazy, dull weather. where was a thick fog this morning. ~~ ; ~\ ~~, TO EPICURES. gUEENBOROLIGH and. FAVERSHAM NATIVE OYSTERS. most acceptable Present at this season of the year is a Barre of the best NATIVE OYSTERS, which are to be obtained at SCOTT'S Celebrated OYSTER WAREHOUSE, 18, Coventry-street, Piccadilly, At ss. 6d.per Barrel, warranted to weigh 141bs. WEDNESDAY EVENING CONCERTS, EXETER HALL, 1853, WEDNESDAY, Nov. 9. PROGRAMME. PART. I. CONDTICTON—MR. BENEDICT. 'Grand Symphony in G minor .. Scena—Miss Buten, " Batti Batti" •• • • Aria—Mr. BRAHAM, "II Mio tesoro" Mozart. &Ana —Miss Rzszcce Isaacs Beethoven's Grand Concerto in C minor—Mdlle. WiLminatztrus CLAuss Beethoven. Aria—Miss GRAcE Arzzyza, " Hush, ye pretty warbling choir" .. .. Handel. " Gra d'insolito"—Mr. CHARLE S COTTON • • Rossini. Overture —" Enryanthe" - • • • .. Weber. An interval of Fifteen Minutes. PART. 11. CONDUCTOR—Herr MEYER LUTZ. Overture, " The Crow n Di am onds" •• Auber. Cavattna, Miss THIRLWALL, " Robert, tot que fa.t.rne" •• • • Meyerbeer. Irbil Melody, Mr. Anourres BEAHAM, " Oft in the Stilly Night. (Last appearance in London previous to his provincial tour.) •• Song, Miss Buten, "Corinne" • • • • New Duet, " The Twin Sisters." the Misses Jotaxv. (First appearance at Exeter Hall) .. Old Song, Mr. WALWOHTH, " Shall I Wastynge in Despair" • • • • • • • • •• Hibernian Aria, "Dermot Astore," Mdlle NOISE F. N. Crouch. Fantasia, " Viol d'Amore," Herr VoGEL V oge l. Scene, Miss CICELY Norr, " Peace Inviting," with Trumpet Ob'gato, Herr Zeiss .. Sir H. Bishop. Song, Mr. AUGUSTUS BRAHAM, " Never Despair" (the last composition of the vete-an tenor) .• Braham. Grand March from "Le Prophete" •• Meyiarbeer. Song, Miss GRACE ILLEYNE, " Bid tee discourse" Sir IL Bishop. New Ballad, Miss Isaacs, "There's a Path by the River" (by desire) Loder. Song, Miss Pooms, " Pray Goody" • Dr. Arne. Scotch Ballad, Mdlle. NURSE, " Anna Laurie." Overture, " Clemenza di Tito" .. Mozart. Books of the Words may be had in the Hall, price 6d. CONDUCTOR Mr. BENEDICT. LEADER —Mr. THIRLWALL. DIRECTOR OF THE MUSIC Mr. BOX. Cuours Mesmaa—Mr. SMYTEIsON. MANAGING DIRECTOR—MT. WILLIAM WILLOTT. Stalls retained the whole of the Evening, 55., Reserved Seats, 3s. Gallery and Platform, 2s ; Under Gallery and Upper Gallery, is.— Tickets to be had a t the 'Hall-office, 2, Exeter Hall. .. Moore. •• Linley. TIIEATRE ROYAL DRURY-LANE. Lessee, MT. E. T. Smith. THIS EVENING, Nov. 7, The GREAT AMERICAN EQUESTRIANS will exhibit their astonishing Feats, unmatched in the history of such Performances, assisted by the most renowned Gymnastic Artistes, 0. Dale and Barnes, the European and American e!ampions. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYkLiRKET. Under the management of Mr. Bnekatone. THIS EVENING, Nov. 7, will be performed MONEY. Characters br Messrs. G. Vanden boff, Tilbury, Howe, Buckatone, Compton, H. Corri, and W. Farren ; Ism L. 6. Buckingham, Miss Chaplin, and Mrs. Fitzwilliam To be followed by ME BEGGAR'd OPERA. Characters by Misses Featherstone and Ormonde. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. CHARLES Kees. THIS EVENTNG, Nov. 7. Will be performed THE DAY AFTER THE WEDDING. Sup ported by Mr. and Mrs. W. Lacy. After Which, Lord Byron's Tragedy of SARDANA PALU4, con siderably abridged for stage representation. Principal characters by Ir. and Mrs. C. Kean. To conclude with DEAF AS A POST. Principal character by Mr. Harley. THIS EVENING, Nov. 7, And during the week, the Entertainments will commence with the GRAND EQUSSTRIAN MILITARY SPECTACLE, entitled NAPOLEON BONAPARTE'S INVASION OF RUSSIA; or, The pursing of Moscow. After which, the matchless Scenes of the ARENA, supported by the greatest combination of Equestrian tal , nt in the whole World, with Mr. W. Cooke's highly-trained Stad of Horses. To conclude with JUPITER'S DECREE, AND THE FALL OF XHACTON ; or, THE FIERY COURSERS OF THE SUN. Sox-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. Cfs LONDON, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1853. The public curiosity respecting the occurrences 'between the opposing army in the Danubian pro . noes remains unabated and unappeased. There la no lack of intelligence. Rumours of every lkin d are rife, but unfortunately there is nothing distin c t or decisive on which reliance can be placed. We h the Turks ear hourly of skirmishes, in which have been l repulsed, but we can learn Nothing o f the l eged particulars—all is vague land unintelligible. The most surprising part of the transa c ti ons is w e nd indifference the comparative apathy is withwhich the warlik e intelligence received. The capi talist hears of an encounter between tqhueieotpposing troops somewhere " betw een Kalafat and Kra jowa, after which the Russians retreated towards Slating !" He sends down orders to his stock kroker to buy i4—the only weighthe att ac h es to Vie report is that ir imagines he ma y purchase on =tore reasonable4rnis. The next half hour he is told that "in a co4et near Dam many Russian s an d T iurks were klled, that the Turks retreat e d up the river a ..,_,the Russians followed them !,, H e increases hi si vestments. He then hears of " the defeat 8 tbuTtirkr.,lL corps which passed the J =I, t " A further purchase is r , s 3. , • , . ince the slightest hint /.. ; . „.5, , , ~ ,4 5 ‘iyllll_.llo' ~ . ,Y. _ :... 4 .0-• of : . , IblF- 'VT.,.- ii,ref4 ay, more, of a paltry j . -, l-;zr ~,,,,,-'' :-J s. • .., ~ ... i4,',.,..?: , cfeyr,pien on either side were 464 have sufficed to "fright the idir ..' §ji .16 iety " to have created A • 01.1 irt , , r .---, 2nonetary panic, . and to have sent quotations tumbling down in a manner that would have de lighted the ursine soul. But our ears have ,got accustomed to the cry of "wolf," and the j husbandman in the fable had become matt indif- ferent to the cry of wolf from the mendacious shepherd's boy than have our capitalists, fund holders, and shareholders to the Stage whispers of the Stock Exchange--whispers intended to be heard by, and to 'produce a decided effect on, the audience. We can, in this abundance of materials from which to select, only repeat our admonitions to our friends and the community at large, not to suffer themselves to be influenced by any statement as to the authenticity whereof any reasonable doubts can be entertained. It appears certain that at least a detachment of the Turkish troops had crossed the Danube without any decided opposition from the Russians. There would therefore be nothing to prevent a collision, if the Generals, or either of them, were that way disposed. But as we have already stated, the warlike inclinations of both OMER PACHA and Prince GORTSCHAKOFF are ma terially bridled by positive instructions from their ' respective Sovereigns. The Russians, as we have already pointed out, cannot take the initiative without completely disregarding all former pro fessions, and casting off the mask un d er w hi c h they have hitherto attempted to conceal their ob- jects. The Turks, although burning for the con test, and to expel the invaders from their terri tories, are restrained by the imperial firman, and the distinct and positive orders to take ho decisive step until further instructions. Under the peculiar circumstances there will necessarily be daily skir mishes between detached parties in which even blood may be shed, but such trifling matters will not bring out a general engagement, or create any serious impediment to the final arrangements in course of zealisation, nor do we suppose that any difficulty will be created. These, however, are matters merely of speculation, the best founded and most carefully considered opinion may at any moment be defeated from the most trivial occurrence. It is hard to reason temperately when opposed to an armed foe—more especially when that foe is trespassing, without a shadow of right or justice, on your territories, combining the greatest arrogance and insolence with the most grasping cupidity. We cannot, then, be astonished at any lengths to which they may be driven, or means they may adopt, for the purpose of vindicating their names from the insult that has been heaped upon them. They have already exhibited the greatest patience, under very exasperating circumstances, and it could not be very surprising if that patience should fail at any moment. We believe that they will continue steadfast and obedient to the instructions that they receive, but that is all that can be said on the subject. On the other hand, it is so manifestly the inte rest of the Russians to avoid a contest at this moment, that we believe they will so far as prac- ticable remain on the defensive. It is true that any degree of moderation now exhibited cannot justify the original aggression, or exhibit them in any other light than unprovoked invaders of a friendly soil. If attacked, however, and successful in maintaining their position, it would give NICHO LAS a loophole for escape, and enable him, as we have long since stated, to make a specious affectation of magnanimity—a pretext of moderation, of which his toadies awl servile adulators in the Senate and the Press would make abundant use. Then we should hear usque ad nauseam of the generosity (!) and truthfulness of the CZAR, who had remained contented without crushing his opponent, and satisfied with obtaining even a portion of what he had claimed before the com mencement of hostilities. Then we should see even more systematic efforts than at present to run down t fie Mussulman, hear of the weakness of the Ottoman Empire, and hear the scornful inquiry repeated in sundry forms as to why England is called on to protect misbelievers, or , to maintain the tottering pre-eminence of three millions of Mahomedans over twelve millions of Christians. Then, too, we should hear the pro-Muscovite Members of the Coalition setting up that moderation of NICHOLAS as a defence for their own doubtful and vacillat ing policy, and as evidence that we might have surrendered ABD-UL-MEDJID to the tender mer cies of his opponent, possibly even as proof that there would be no danger to the peace of Europe if the Russian flag floated over the Bosphorus, and ST. SOPHIA were trans ferred to the Greek Patriarch. These are matters of which GORTSCHAKOFF is well aware, and he will not, with the full knowledge of what his im perious and exacting master requires, be guilty of any act of precipitation calculated to destroy the web so subtly woven. The attack, then, will not proceed from the Russian side ; nor do we believe, for the reasons set forth, that any decisive or general engagement will take place. Such, too, appears to be the general opinion on the Conti nent, where the most threatening appearances seem to be regarded as affording additional guarantees for a pacific solution of tho interest ing and vitally important problem. What benefit or advantage to society is derived from the present system of imprisonment for debt? therelfrthe an b m ea y ny, which we most positively and emphatically deny, is it sufficient to compensate f attendant evils that follow in its wake ? Is it even an equivalent for the expendi ture falling on the public and local taxation of the country, and which is necessary for the mainten ance of the system ? These are interrogatories de- serving of distinct and unequivocal answers—of answers not hastily or recklessly delivered in ac cordance with ancient prejudices, but the result of calm and attentive consideration, in which the subject has been carefully examined in all its de tails by the light of truth and reason. We can scarcely hesitate as to what would be the result of a careful investigation into the entire system by expseirgienc impartial i Indeed it i s pas shoulddges' have been n ed and strange that it al lowed to remain up to the present period, without change or alteration, and that the public attention had not been more forcibly directed thereto, and the public indignation excited until the account of the melancholy death of p oor WILLIAM JONES, in consequence of the heartless cruelties and privations practised at Winchester Gaol, and the still more deplorable sufferings o f WILLIAM MILLAR, during his forty years' endur ance of the discipline of that model establishment. Strange it is that the po Arerful writings of CHARLES DICKENS, and the comments elicited from various quarters, did not lead to extensive and sweeping modifications in the practice. But so it was. Who is there who has not seen some friend or acquaintance hurried away from his family, and all his prospects in life ruined, from the reckless exercise of the power afforded to creditors ? And who have been the parties to avail themselves of that power ? Have they npt i s. n t t e ' a a l ri er a s b , anlybdeen those least deserving of sympathy for any l osses t h at may b e sus t a i ne d—the bill property stealers, who use it as an instrument of extortion, to obtain payment from friends and that fromOf thead ptiadopting efficient victim, or c to steps to def ea t their machinations, and prevent t pre serve their estates from the plunderers whose cupidity they had excited? Yes, with some few exceptions, we may state to sn tattlist the parties taking ( e i n e b t t t e v r r s it a s re f t ehxo esueagainst th e p ersons o f th e i r Commissioners of th e Insolvent e the l e a e n l g tr u t a , ge be o e f e t na h e e their own insurers from th e exorbitan c charges, or who hold out temptatio ns yof their and induce ments to extravagant young men to r un i nto debt in the hope of " working" the amount one Way or the other, by fair means or foul, from innocent THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 7, 1853. Ppersons, who had previously been deeply grieved I at the folly of inexperienced youths in whose future welfare and happiness they were deeply in terested, or who have some even worse motive at bottom. Surely these things might have excited observation and led to inquiry before the close of the year 1853. The only way in which we can account for this anomaly is, that the public mind had to a certain extent become habituated to the evil. The "debtors' prison" was, like the " gallows," one of the " institutions of the country" which we were quite willing to receive on trust,.as being founded by the wisdom of our ancestors. We no more thought of ques tioning the propriety of a man's being sent to gaol for being unable to satisfy any claim or demand than we did of seeing Gatton and Old Sarum sending four members to the popular branch of the Legislature, while Manchester and Birmingham remained unrepresented ; or seeing a young woman, in the early pride of womanhood, publicly strangled by the executioner, because, having been robbed of her husband by a press gang, she had taken a handkerchief or ribbon, or some article of trifling value from a shopkeeper, to procure bread for her famishing infant. We have, however, succeeded in greatly modifying two of these laudable institutions. We have got rid of many of the rotten boroughs ; and if Lord JOHN RUSSELL be true to himself, or mind ful of his own reputation, the others are already doomed, and after next Session will be spoken of as things that have been ; while " the great public instructor," the hangman, has had his functions materially curtailed, none but wilful and deliberate and cold-blooded murderers being now left as subjects for his experiments. Why, then, should not a like fate await the third great institution to which attention has been di- rected ? Why should not imprisonment for debt be altogether abolished, except in cases of gross and premeditated fraud, which would bring the party within the operation of the criminal law ; or why, at least, should not the debtor be allowed to show cause against the issuing of a- ca. sa. be fore as well as after his incarceration ? Why should he not be heard in his own defence before I the commencement of his punishment ? When the enormous cost of maintaining the system is ascertained, when the public outlay on the various prisons, and for supporting the debtors therein, and the cost of supporting their desti tute families in the union workhouses has been summed up, we may begin to con sider its utility, and ask ourselves why it is that we refuse to do that by which so important a saving might be effected ? We shall find that the reasons for which the system was sanctioned have totally ceased, and on the old and well-established principle, "cessat ratio cessat lax," the law itself should also cease. Imprisonment was only tolerated in order to enforce the surren der of property. We have greatly extended the remedies to the judgment creditor against the pro perty of his debtor, whether real or personal, and the Common Law Commissioners have recom mended further alterations, which will prevent any debtor from retaining adverse possession of any species of property, real or pergonal ! Why, then, should imprisonment for debt be retained when there is no longer any necessity for its assis tance to enforce the surrender of property ? Why should not every man be made subject to the bankrupt laws, although not an actual trader ? and why should not the principle of the County . Courts be extended, so that a judgment sum mons should be issued before a warrant for arrest were granted ?—and why should not the Judge be authorised to order payment by instalments, and to limit the term of imprisonment ? We trust that the advocates for incarceration will re turn at least 'plausible answers to these important queries. ----- LAW INTELLIGENCE.-(THIS DAY.) COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH. STEVENS V. LEE. This was an action in the case brought to recover 191. under the following circumstances :—The plaintiff was a horse-dealer, and the defendant an auctioneer, in Bristol. Some time ago the plaintiff sent a horse for sale to the defendant, stating that, although he was not prepared to warrant him, the horse was still a useful animal, and had been running in harness for a length ened period. Upon the faith of this statement the de fendant sold the horse for 191. odd, and received the money from the purchaser, but before the day expired the horse died. The purchaser then gave the defendant notice not to pay the money over, but the plaintiff brought his action for the amount, and the defendant pleaded fraud as a plea, which prevailed at the trial. Mr. Sergeant Kinglake now moved to set the verdict aside and to enter it for the plaintiff, on the ground that the plea of fraud would have been a very good one had the action been against the purchaser, but in this case the action was against the defendant, as the agent of the plaintiff. The Court, however, refused the application, holding that, after the fraud was proved, the defendant became the agent of the purchaser, and not of the plaintiff, and therefore he held the money for the use of the purchaser. Application refused accordingly. COURT OF EXCHEQUER. CREED V. FISHER. This was an action of assault. The plaintiff was a gentleman of property, and the defendant the curate of the parish in which the plaintiff resided, being near to Exeter. Party spirit ran very high in the parish, and some dispute having arisen between the parties, they ceased to recognise each other. The dispute arose about the tithe map of the parish, and the plaintiff, meeting the defendant one day, asked him if he meant to call him a liar. The defendant, in an unguarded mo ment, said he did, and at the same time struck the de fendant with a small cane. This was the assault com plained of, and at the same time the jury awarded the plaintiff 3001. damages. Mr. Slade now moved for rule to show cause why a new trial should be had, on the ground that the damages were excessive, and that the learned judge who tried the case refused to allow the defendant to challenge the jury. Application granted. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY. (Before Mr. Commissioner Fane.) FAILURE OF FASHIONABLE TAILORS.- ROLPH V. MOORE. These bankrupts were described as tailors, of Sack -I,llle-street, Piccadilly, and to-day was appointed for their last examination. The balance sheet, prepared by Mr. G. Butler, com mencing January, 1851, and ending July, 1852, shows —debtor to creditors, 2,2431. is. 3d; ditto holding security, 1,4681. 7s. 3d. ; capital, 1021. 17s. ; liabilities, 1,9771. Creditor—by good debts, 1,590/. ; doubtful, 569/. ; bad,3 531. Trade expenses, 4971. 2s. 9d. ; law costs, 1481. 2s. 2d. ; partners drawings, 1,695/. 3s. 3d. ; losses, 5981. 17s. ; liabilities as per contra, 1,9771. 6s. Mr. Lawrence appeared for the bankrupt, and there was no opposition, Mr. Cannan considering the accounts to be the best which could be rendered. The bankrupt passed. THE COURT.—The birthday of the youthful heir appa rent, the Prince of Wales, who will complete his 12th year on Wednesday, will be celebrated with some gaiety at Windsor, and the King of the Belgians and the Duke and Duchess de Brabant are expected to postpone their departure until after that day. There will be a parade of the Fusilier Guards forming the garrison, public dinners by the inhabitants, and the event will be cele brated en famille at the Castle in the evening, when the young Prince will, as usual, receive presents from enn his oioTn il i in illustrious ieno with T a L t ho i e v E rTT Tempest H h E e . dramatic performances in the Rubens%room on Thursday, for which Mr. Grieve has been painting some new scenery, will, we believe, noon, with Mrs. Glad s tone, H IlawaWrdenE. Castle Gladstone t h e seat arrived of,hs in r Liverpool elativ e on Sir Saturday at on,Stephen wan Gladstone . andEaXn d e lIEQ Mi sIIsER Gladstone,— Th Right Hon. e from 'haggard, Th e right proc e e h d o e nd at gentleman, once t o Court who May, appeared the seat of his brother, Mr. Robertson Gladstone, about five miles from Liverpool. He returns to town on Monday ul COUNCIL.--A (this day) for the purp ose of attending at the Foreign-office to-mor row at twaoo Cabinet. CABINET Comie.-A Cabinet Council , ccl will ok Cn b held n The Prince and Princess Esterhazy and family have left the St. George's Hotel fo r T orquay, where their highnesses are expected to be joined at t a n t w t n he nn en s d at o nd of the week by Du by the ke C of o N un e t w es c s as o t f ie J a e r rs ri e v y e . from a visit to her Majesty at Windsor Castle. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland have arrived on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Argyll, at Inverary Castle, from the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford's, ITarbert House, Inverness-shire. The youthful Lords I Ronald and Albert Gower, who are still staying at 1 Dunrobin Castle, will join their noble parents in a few days. TILE BOILER EXPLOSION AT BLACKBURN.—On Satur day, Mr. Hargreave commenced an inquest over the 1 i‘ b l o r d . i e mr s . o El f the e s t e h v , e s nwsuffererss h b e y h d t on eboiler Wednesday explosion l a at st. A considerable number of witnesses were examined, but their evidence related principally to the finding and identification of the bodies. At the close of that por tion of the inquiry, the Coroner said it appeared to him to be necessary that they should have the opinion of some scientific man with regard to the condition of the boiler. The jury concurred, and it was resolved t ha t either Mr. Fairbairn or Mr. Nasrnyth, of Manchester, should be consulted. The Coroner then adjourned the inquiry to Saturday next. MONEY MARKET AND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. The sales of cotton at Liverpool on Saturday were estimated at 4,000 bales, all to the trade. The market was tame, but steady, at previous rates. The sales comprised 3,000 American, 300 Pernam and Maranham at 61d. to Bd., 200 Bahia at 60. to 50, 250 Egyptian and si(l. to 7d., and 300 Surat at 20. to 31d. per lb. Railway Shares were firm, at full prices. There is a very dull market for grain this morn ing, with large arrivals of foreign. The steamers Humboldt and Canada, from New York, bring nearly a million of dollars in specie. The advices from New York notice more buoyancy in the Stock Market, though it was still in an un settled state, and the depreciation that had taken place had been heavy. The specie shipments during the week to October 22 were 1,932,414 dol lars, making the total for the year 20,446,511 dol lars. The dry goods market was depressed, owing to the stringency of money, and the demand for all kinds of goods was limited, at declining prices. The shipbuilding trade was very active, and the builders had been compelled to send agents in all directions to procure a supply of wood, bc., to carry on their operations. The coal trade was also very brisk. The weekly return of the city banks showed a decrease in the discounts of 2,469,292 dols., in the deposits of 3,319,945 dole., in the circulation of 76,171 dols., and in the specie of 1,026,918 dols. Flour had been in better de mand, and rather firmer. Wheat was improving. Freights were rather lower. Cotton was steady. The advices by the new steamer Brasilieras do not represent business as being very active at Rio up to Oct. 1.0. The sugar crop was fully a month later than usual, and no large supplies were ex pected previous to the middle of November. Freights were expected to advance, owing to the scarcity of vessels. Exchange 27d. Monte Video was again unsettled in its political relations, but it was expected matters would speedily settle down. The ship American Lass has arrived from Syd-_ ney, which place she left on the Ist July. She has, it is stated, only about GOO oz. of gold on board. The steamer Harbinger arrived at St. Vincents on the 19th ult. being 12 days, and left on the 20th for Melbourne. The railway meeetings announced are the fol- Lowing : Company. Date. Place, &c. Charleroi and Erquelin es Nov. 12, Charleroi. Hampstead Junction Nov. 12, Euston Station. London & South-Western...Nov. 15, 61, Waterloo-road. - A further material improvement has occurred in the English Stock Market, and upon " reading," preparatory to the settlement of the account, the jobbers find the speculators so largely oversold, that they have put the quotations Ato per Cent., Consols having been 95 and 95i for transfer and Thursday. The December prices have been 941 to 94, a " baccadation" still existing. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. have realised 951 to 961, and the Three per Cents. 94 and 94k. Bank Stock has been very firm at an advance to 215 and 217. Exchequer Bills are maintained at 2s. to ss. premium, and India Bonds are par to 3s. premium. Foreign Securities are generally at steady prices, but with very little business doing. Mexican Stock is dull at 261 Peruvian Deferred at 51k, and Buenos Ayres at 59. The 5 per Cent. Russian Bonds have improved to 113. Sardinian Stock is firmer at 93 to 93k. Spanish 3 per Cents. have realised 45, and the Certificates 54- to I. Railway Shares are all looking up, and it would appear that as we approach settling day there may be a further improvement, although, up to this time, the real purchasers are not so de cided as to give an impetus to prices equal to what has been imparted to Consols. The ad vance this morning is about 1 to 2 per cent. in the favourite lines, and principally in Caledonian, Great Northern, North-Western, Midland, and South-Eastern. Luxembourg shares are still rising, owing to satisfactory arrangements in progress. French shares have been also better. The Gold Companies' Shares have been quiet, and the Land Companies' tend upwards. The Australian Banks are generally better. BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. (.From the Official List.) Business done. Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 94 3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 9si 5 New 3i per Cent. Annuities 95 64 Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860 -16 India Bonds, £l000 Consols for Account Exchequer Bills, 2d. • £l000 PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK. Buenos Ayres Bonds, 6 per Cent 59 Mexican 3 per Cent. Peruvian Bonds, 43 per Cent. — Ditto Deferred, 3 per Cent 5l A Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £ St ll3 Ditto 43 per Cent 99 Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent 93 1 Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 45 Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun 54 i p c Dividends on the above:payable in London. HALF-PAST TWO. 95 951 Consols Ditto December Account LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.) LONDON, Nov. 7.-- Wind this day at INTc an, W.. light airs. It has been very foggy all the morning. ' OFF DOVER, Nov. 6.—Four Brothers, for Batavia. OFF DUNGENESS, Nov. 6.—Robert Parker, from Ant werp, for New Orleans. PORTSMOUTH, Nov. 6.—Wind, E. to S.W. Arrived— H.M.'s st. Medea, from the West Indies and Halifax. Put in—Anne, from Bremen, for Baltimore, for medical aid.—The Minerva, from Sunderland, is leaky, having been aground. DARTMOUTH, Nov. 6. -Wind, E. Arrived—Escort, from Labrador.__ FALMOUTH, Nov. 6.—Wind, N. Sailed—North Star, for Melbourne ; Matilda, for Demerara. HARTLEPOOL, Nov. 6.—The Eugene (French brig), from Newcastle, has put in leaky, having been in contact. GRIMSBY, Oct. 6.—The Medus (Finland brig), Christian stadt to Bristol, has put in here very leaky, and must dis charge. The Lannistad, Dantzic to Hull, got on shore on the Primly Sand, and sunk ; crew saved and landed here. SCARBOROUGH, Nov. 6.—The Firefly (schooner), of Findhorn, was abandoned on the Ist inst., with pumps choked; crew landed here, per Fortuna. PENZANCE, Nov. E.S.E. Arrived—Rein deer, from Cuba, for London. HOLYHEAD, Nov. 6.—The Mary and Jane, of Newport, is on the rocks at the Skerries, and is likely to become a total wreck; one man drowned. BELFAST, Nov. s.—The Sophia, Clyde for Melbourne, is on shore full of water ; passengers landed.—The Gon dola, of this port, Troon to Cuba, is also on shore near Donaghadee, full of water.—The Guiding Star, Liverpool for New York, has put in here in distress—mainmast sprung, and other damage. ABERDEEN, Nov. s.—Arrived—Pacific, from Davis' Straits, with six fish-65 tons. WATERFORD, Nov. s.—Arrived—lron Duke, from St. John's, Newfoundland. Sailed—Dunbrody, Savannah. DOUGLAS (Isle of Man), Nov. s.—The Emerald Isle, of and from London, for Liverpool, has been abandoned, after being in contact with a large brig off the Skerries, on the 31st ult. ; crew landed here. QUEENSTOWN, Nov. s.—Wind, calm. Arrived—Char lotte, from Bahia. . . _ CROOKHAVEN, Nov. 5. Arrived—Lawrence Forrestal, from Quebec, for Waterford. OASTLETOWNSEND —Arrived— Heroine, from Africa, assisted in here di sma sted, on the 2'd o f Oct. The cap tain and crew were all murdered, about the end of July last, at Lahore, on the Coast of Africa. The vessel was afterwards re-taken by the Tweed, of Bristol, and a crew put yn board. MONTE VIDEO, Sept. 30.- The Madawaska, Liverpool to San Francisco, has put in leaky in her top sides. HAVANNAII, Oct. 18.—The Sandwich, Newfoundland to this port, has been lost at Salt Key during a gale; crew saved. NEW YORK, Oct. 25. The Western World, Liverpool to this port, was stranded on Square Beach, Coast of New Jersey, on the 22d of October, and is full of water ; crew and passengers landed here ; cargo is expected to be saved ; ship much damaged. (BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEA.N TELEGRAPH.) CUSTOM-HOUSE RETURN. GRAVESEND, Monday, 10 a.m. Wind, E S.E, light and foggy; tide, five hours' ebb. Nov. G.—Arrived— Olga, from Memel ; Charmides, Kiel ; Karan Marie, Datzic ; Soblominson, Petersburgh ; ' Ellida, Arendal • ,Salvador, Fredericstadt ; Frederi ca Christina, Petersburgh ; Sophia Maria, Frederickshall ; Catharina, Fredericstadt ; Triton, Soderham ; Pomerania, Stettin • Aurora, Hernosand ; Favourite, Porsgrund ; Arendal", Hudick swa ll ; Grovende Krutb, Namisken ; Erin, Skell e fi a t a; Wider Kumpt, Memel ; Attent, Rust ingerseil. • Nov. 7 . — Arrived—Hall, from Riga. DEAL, Monday, 9.15 a.m. Wind, N.E., light, with thick fog. Anchored—Southampton, from London, for New York; Egypt, London, for Demerara, lo st an anchor and art of cha in. LATEST FOREIGN NEWS. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. THE WAR IN THE DANUBE. A telegraphic despatch from Vienna yesterday (Sunday) says the Turks' began the passage from Rustshuk to Giurgevo on the 2d inst., under a heavy cannonade between the two places. From Bucharest, Oct. 29, it is stated that Prince Stirbey has held a review of 'the Wallachian After the review the Prince was informed of Prince Gortschakoff's wish that the militia should join the Russians in their operations against the Turks. Prince. Stirbey replied, that the Wallachia militia had to perform the duties of a garrison and police in the country, and that they could not be expected to take part in the campaign. From Constantinople, Oct. 27, we learn that the combined fleets of Great Britain and France will take up their positions near Constantinople, at the entrance of the Dardanelles, at Gillipoli, and at Reicos, in the Bosphorus, off Therapia. Advices from Odessa state, that the head quarters of the sth corps of Infantry, under Gene ral Liiders, are to be removed from Odessa to Ismail. The 13th division of Infantry has been shipped off from Sebastopol and landed on the coast be tween Tuchan Kale and Redif Kale. Steamers have been sent up the river Anakeon. Infantry division has left Odessa to take the place of the 13th division in the Crimea. It was said at Paris yesterday, that information had reached the Turkish embassy there to the effect that only one division of Omer Pacha's army has crossed the Danube, and that it does not exceed 12,000 men. There has been no collision between the two armies. The intention of Omer Pacha is, should the affair not be arranged, to cross the Danube with the main body of his army, but at a point considerably further down than Widdin, where the first division crossed. No news has reached the Turkish embassy Of a collision between the Turkish and Russian armies on the frontiers of Georgia, and the rumours which have been afloat on the subject for the last two days are not believed in Paris. It is thought not improbable that a collision will or may haver taken place in that quarter, but there has not been time to allow the news of the event to reach Europe. As respects the renewed negotiations for an ar rangement of the question between Russia and Turkey, all that can be said is, that although the Turkish Government is willing to accept any pro positions which will enable it honourably to escape the necessity of war, it does not yet see any signs of any such propositions being assented to by Russia. The Emperor Nicholas, to be sure, affects a willingness to enter into negotiations with Turkey, but only with Turkey direct. He still maintains that the question is exclusively between himself and Turkey, and that the Western Powers have nothing to do with it. In the hope of inducing the Stilt= to enter into this view, he has hinted at terms which may be considered as favourable, but the Porte knows that her o n ly chance of safety is to make common cause with the European Powers.. She resists all attempts to induce her to enter into separate negotiations, and refuses to treat except ing in common with her allies. The Press of Vienna, of the Ist, states that the despatches so long expected from St. Petersburg arrived pu the 31st ult., and that they contain a rejection of the last proposition of mediation. The Emperor Nicholas, it is added, has sent new pro positions, which have been communicated by Baron Meyendorff to the Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Press, in a short notice of the affair of Isactcha, states that the Russians lost 30 men and a captain, and that two of their gun-boats were sunk. A Vienna letter of the Ist, in the Cologne Gazette, states the number of Turks who had en tered Kalafat was 8,000, with 25 pieces of cannon. This letter states that the passage of the Danube was made by Omer Pacha after receiving the firman of the Sultan, ordering a suspension of hostilities. The Emperor of Russia has addressed the follow ing to the commander of the district of the Caspian Sea : "To the General Prince Argritenjky Dolgorokoff,— At the entrance of Schamyl with large forces in the dis trict of Tscharo Belokan, and in the affairs which have taken place, you, by your prompt arrival with the de tachment under your orders in that country, and not withstanding the great obstacles which your troops met with in crossing the mountains, powerfully contributed to put Schamyl to flight, and to re establish tranquillity in that country. On the report of the general-in-chief of the corps d'arinee detached from the Caucasus, it is agreeable to me to be able to testify to you my marked benevolence for this distinguished feat of arms.—l am your affectionate, " NICHOLAS. Zarskse-Zelo, 3d Oct." The Constantinople letter of the Journal des Debats, dated 26th October, which arrived at Mar seilles by the Thabor, contains a copy of the note transmitted to the Porte on the 20th October, by M. de Bruck, the Austrian Internuncio. The fol lowing is the note : the Russians remaining here under her protection. Al most all commercial men have left. The others, that is to say, the functionaries of the consulate, the post-office, &c., took their passage yesterday by the Germania, a steamer belonging to the Austrian Lloyd's, which they freigbted for Odessa. "At the moment of my return into the town I am informed that the answer of Russia to the declaration of war has arrived, and that, as was to be expected, it ter minates by an appeal to arms. But I have no means of verifying this news." " CONFIDENTIAL PROJECT. " In unanimously advising the Sublime Porte to adopt the project of notes agreed to at Vienna, the Courts of Austria, France, England, and Prussia are penetrated with the conviction that this document does not in any way violate the sovereign rights and the dignity of his Majesty the Sultan. " This conviction is founded on the positive assur ances that the Cabinet of St. Petersburg has given with respect to the intentions which animate his Majesty the Emperor of Russia in demanding a general guarantee of the religious immunities accorded by the Sultan to the Greek Church in his Empire. "It follows from these assurances that in demanding, in virtue of the principle laid down in the treaty of Kainardji, that the Greek worship and clergy should continue to enjoy their spiritual privileges under the aegis of their Sovereign, the Emperor demands nothing contrary to the independence and the rights of the Sul tan, nothing which implies an intention of intermeddling in the interior affairs of the Ottoman Empire. " What the Emperor of Russia wishes is, the strict maintenance of the religious statu quo of his worship, to wit, an entire equality of rights and immunities between the Greek Church and the other Christian communities subject to the Porte, and consequently the enjoyment in favour of the Greek Church of the advantages accorded to these communities. Ile does not mean to resus citate the privileges of the Greek Church which have fallen into disuetude by the effect of time or of admini strative changes, but he demands that the Sultan should make it participate in all the advantages which he will accord hereafter to other Christian rites. "The Imperial Cabinet of Austria wishes, conse quently, not to doubt that the Sublime Porte, in con templating once more, with all the serious attention that the gravity of the situation requires, the explana tion given by Russia, with the object of stating precisely the nature and extent of her demands, will decide on the pure and simple adoption of the Vienna Note. "That adoption, while ensuring to the Ottoman Go vernment a new title to the sympathy and the support of the Powers which have advised it to take the step, offers to it at the same time a means equally prompt and honourable to operate its frank reconciliation with the Russian empire—a reconciliation which so many all important interests so imperatively require." The correspondent adds : " This note was the result of the conference of Olmiitz, which appeared at the moment to be ignorant of the de claration of war by Turkey. Immediately after M. de Bruck, Colonel Wildenbruck arrived from Prussia with a project which was only a copy of the Austrian project. M. de Bruck did not insist much, but the Prussian came several times back to the charge. He did not succeed better. The Porte is quite decided on war. Reschid Pacha declares loudly, and has repeated this morning in my presence, that the Turks were determined to perish rather than ever to accept the Vienna Note. In their eyes this new project of note presented to them as a guarantee from Europe, is not better than the note of the conference, and they have rejected it without even discussing it. At bottom, those among them who know a little of European politics, appear to be persuaded that Europe will not allow them to perish, that morally their cause will gain something by attempting the way of arms, even if they should be beaten ; and that, finally, Europe is ' too deeply in terested in preventing the war, not to exert itself to force the Emperor of Russia to yield his pretensions, since they themselves have gone to the utmost limit possible in the way of concession ; and that they have made up their minds to die with arms in their hands rather than make further concessions. The Turks have, therefore, absolutely rejected this new project. To the reasons which have determined them it mast be added that, at the same time that this pro ject was submitted to them in the name of the four Powers, there arrived also from France and England the answer—the contre coup of the note—by which Count Nesselrode explained his manner of understandinc , the Vienna note. That answer, that contre coup was the e ad vice given to the Porte by the two Western Powers not to accept the Vienna note accompanied by clear and frank promises of support and assistance. The Turks have therefore deemed themselves entitled to consider these new propositions as non avenus, and the answer to these new overtures is the entry of the fleets. They have several days since passed the Dardanelles, but they have not yet appeared before Constantinople. " While the propositions of Prussia and Austria were rejected, the Turks listened to England and France, and it was on their demand that the orders were sent to the army of the Danube and of Asia to stop a little before commencing hostilities ; nevertheless, the new delay fixed upon is very short. In place of the 23d of October, it is to the 30th that the opening of the campaign has been postponed. I do not know what is expected to arrive during that time, bnt something must necessarily be expected, since the day fixed by the Turks is the one proposed by England and France. It must be con cluded that these two Powers expect within that time some important answer or the conclusion of some nego tiation which is unknown to me. . "Austria, who has expressed her regret that all her efforts to arrive at a reconciliation should have failed, has intimat e d t o th e P or t e th a t i n any case she will ob serve a strict neutrality, r3ha yesterday officially took FRANCE. The Moniteur of yesterday states that the French troops in Algiers have obtained a victory over the Arabs. They captured 16 standards, 4,000 sheep, and 250 camels. It is reported that a project is on foot of having the coronation on the anniversary of the coup d'etat on the 2d of December, but it is probable that the ceremony will be once more postponed. Queen Maria Christina leaves Paris this week for Madrid. At the present moment considerable alarm is felt as to the political prospects of that country, and all the French garrisons on the fron tiers have been strengthened, in anticipation of an outbreak. It is thought that the Ministry will not have a majority in the Cortes. A telegraphic despatch announces the arrival yesterday morning, at Marseilles, of the Alexandre steam-packet, from Constantinople, which port she left on the 25th of October. The Thabor packet, which arrived at Marseilles on the 3d, left Con stantinople on the evening of the 24th of October. An Imperial decree, published in the Moniteur, enacts that "in case of an unforeseen attack the Maritime Prefects are charged under their respon sibility with the defence of the military ports, and the authority over troops of all arms is concen trated in their hands ;" but that "on arrival of the general commanding the territorial division, cr of an officer bearing letters of command, the Maritime Prefect shall resign his temporary autho rity, and the superior commander shall exercise his powers." The considerations on which this decree are based are represented to be that the Ordinance of the 3d January 1843, in regulating the share which the army and navy are to take in the defence of military ports, has not decided what officer is to take the command in case of a sudden and unforeseen attack, and that it is necessary, as neither of the five military ports is the head quarters of a military division, to provide for the possibility of the general in command of the divi sion being absent when an attack is made.—The decree is followed by some regulations for the due execution of it, drawn up by the Ministers of Marine and War. The Bourse was firm on Saturday, and Govern ment securities closed at an advance on• the last prices of Friday. The Three per Cents. opened at 73f. 60c., rose to 73f. 90c., and closed at 73f. 85c. for the end of the month. The Four-and-a-Half per Cents. closed at 100 f. ; Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,152 f. 50c. ; Rouen, 1,002 f. 50c. ; Havre, 485 f. ; Great Northern, 855 f. ; Paris and Strasburg, 925 f. ; ditto stamped, 820 c. ; Paris and Lyons, 897 f. 50c..; Lyons to the Mediterranean, 730 f. ;Western of France, 685 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 582 f. 5Qc. ; Great Central, 510 f. ; Lyons to Geneva, 495 f. ; Shares of the Bank of Credit Mobilier, 693 f. 750._ ITALY. The ex- Queen of the French arrived at Turin on the Ist, the Prince and Princess de Joinville, and the Duke and Duchess d'Aumale having preceded her by a day. Cardinal Brunelli arrived at Rome on the 28th ult. from Spain. The Grand Duke of Tuscany and the Hereditary Prince his son arrived at the royal palace of Caserta on the 29th ult. After paying their respects to the King of Naples and the Royal family they pro ceeded to Naples. The Austrian Government has concluded a treaty with that of Sardinia, for the reciprocal transmis sion of telegraphic despatches. The line is to pass over Novara, and is to be ready by the Ist of January next. THE RUSSIAN AND TURKISH ARMIES. The following letter is from the European staff officer, dated Shumla, Oct. 15 : " You are aware that a commander-in-chief is of as much importance as the whole army. Do you believe, for instance, that the ill-clothed and half-starved French battalions would have commenced at Montenotte a series of uninterrupted victories, which lasted fifteen years, without a Bonaparte l I have now been a month at Shumla, and have had occasion to know Omer Pacha, the seraskier, and will tell you what I think of him. He is a most frank, disinterested, and loyal man—a zealous friend to the land of which he has become a subject, and to the army which he commands, and which he has brought to a state of great perfection. His personal ap pearance is handsome, and he possesses very great per sonal courage. His age may be about fifty-six. To this you must add great military instruction and experience, and a natural instinct for military affairs. " With such qualities, he has, as you may easily imagine, an irresistible influence over the forces he com mands, possessing their full confidence. By origin a Croat, he was educated in the military schools of his country. When yet very young he left the Austrian service and repaired to Constantinople, where he made himself master of the Turkish language. He was ap pointed to a situation in the War Department. The Sultan Mahmoud created him major in the army, as a recompence for his services whilst thus engaged. He has since risen to the highest posts. He owes his pre sent position to his sword, and has been a marshal for several years. He successfully commanded the Turkish troops in Syria, Bosnia, and Montenegro. " I speak of him thus particularly in order to point out all the elements which Turkey at this moment dis poses for the war. lam also desirous of contradicting the report spread not long since that Omer Pacha was a Hungarian sergeant, a deserter from the Austrian army, who had all of a sudden been made marshal of the empire and grand seraskier. The chief of his staff is Major-General Ahmed Pasha, who has studied at Vien na. He was director of the military academy at Pera, and unites much instruction to zeal and ability. "Mustapha Pasha, Reis Pasha, or president of the council of the army, occupies a situation which does not exist in European armies. He is an energetic, active man, and has the appearance of a good soldier. The chief head-quzrters of the seraskier are also composed of some other superior officers, educated at the military academies of Vienna ; and of many young officers who have received their education at the military college of Pera. The fortifications that have been constructed under their auspices, along the line of the Danube, speak favourably of their ability. "I brought from Europe the most incorrect notions of the Turkish army, which my journey to Shumla has succeeded in rectifying. Hitherto I thought that per sonal valour, united to ferocity, disorder, and indiscip line were the main features of the Moslem force, and I attributed to these troops as much energy in the at tack as disorganisation and panic afterwards. The foreign officers and the German instructors, who have rendered the greatest services to this army, and who well know it, assure me, however, that the Tur kish soldier is made of good stuff, jovial and obe dient, and very enduring under hardships. The rapidity with which the new recruits who have just been incorporated are instructed, proves beyond all things the aptitude of these people for military purposes. All the elements for forming an excellent army exist. A few years' time for development— and let the military academy of Pera be increased in proportion with the army, by educating a greater number 'of young men there—let the position of the lieutenants and captains be ameliorated—and the army will be as good as those of the Western Powers. "As it is, this army is infinitely superior to the opinion in which it is generally held, and, to judge of it by th© forces at present concentrated at Shumla, it may be safely stated not to be behind any army for precision in tactics and the manoeuvres of the three arms in fantry, cavalry, and artillery united. You will see that if war really commences, and the Gordian knot, which diplomacy has but the more entangled, has to be cut by the sword, the army will do its duty well. The rest will depend on grand combinations, on the latitud e given to the seraskier (Omer Pasha) for his operations, and on good fortune and chance, which, after all, play a great part in all wars. I' I think I have already told you that this army num bers M present about 100,000 men, regular and irregular soldiers. Other 16,000 men are being drawn together behind the Balkan—formed out of the reserve of Rou melia ; but if hostilities commence, I do not see why it should not be reinforced by 72 pieces of artillery, and by other battalions of Muazaf, of whom eight or ten re giments still remain at Constantinople, in Bosnia and other parts. " The Russian army is stated to be good and well looking. It numbers three corps d'armee, the 3d, 4th, And sth. This united force ought to amount to 180,000 men, but from what I learn it does not exceed 150,000 of whom 10,000 to 12,000 are regiments of cavalry. To these are to be added 6,000 Cossacks from the Don, and 10,000 men of cavalry of reserve. Thus there is a total of 166,000 men, with a great proportion of cavalry. A month ago, the 4th corps d'armee, under General Dan nenberg, which entered the Principalites by two roads— the one along the Danube, by Ibraila, Lucsin, and Slobozie ; the other in the interior, by Foksan, Buszeo, and Bucharest—occupied the whole of the Danube from Galatz to Sistov, whose left bank was guarded by the light cavalry of the sth corps. " The fifth corps d'armee was spread from Ismail to Galatz, and General L u d ers was at Ren i . The 3d corps d'armee, under the orders of General Osten Sacken, after from thirty-five to forty marches from the province of Mohilew, arrived on the banks of the Pruth. This army crosged the river, and advanced into the Principalities ; for which reason the corps d'armee was obliged to extend itself towards the Upper Danube and to Rahova. " A park of artillery, 60 siege-pieces, was also ad vancing to Bucharest. The Russian flotilla, composed of 80 gunboats, is still at Braila ; and though it ap peared that they proposed remounting the Danube, they arrested their movements in consequence of the energetic measures adopted by the Mussulman army. " All the preparations—amongst others the maga zines of biscuits established at Giurgeyo and Zirmitza— predict the passage of the Danube between Rutschuk and Silistria. Notwithstanding the excellent disposi tions taken on the right bank of the river, I tell you that I think such a passage executable, even should the Russians, in order to force their way with greater im punity, be obliged to draw up their flotilla from Ismail, thus causing an alarm on the right bank. RemeMber the passage of Lobau, before the battle of Wagram, on a fixed point at which the Anstrians had spent forty days to entrench themselves, and were commanded by the Archduke Charles, the best commander of the empire in those wars. " "Want of energy on the part of a commander, a storm, delay in a message, able disposition on the part of the enemy, or well-calculated displays on ot.her points, may render such an operation possible. But, i: , fter all, provided it is not thought easy to oppose the passage, and no errors are consequently committed—provid , ed . matters are so managed on the right bank, that na , enemy may find even on reaching it a united army too oppose him—this passage of the stream is not an essenti al!. advantage, and the question will have to be decided. by battle. The enemy would have one sole real ad-• vantage should he succeed in forcing the extended line whilst the Ottoman troops are still drawn out along it. The retreat of those who guard the lower Danube at Dobrodgia would in that case be difficult., and Oa others would have to concentrate in order to draw back,. choosing the point of meeting as much to the interior asm the line was long. In this case only would Russia have successfully commenced the campaign, and might im mediately march on Shumla, leaving a proportionate body of troops to besiege Silistria and Riistshuk. These calculations are without the knowledge of any of Omer Pasha's plans ; but I feel confidence in him. If the re spective state of the two hostile armies is compared to that of the years of 1828 and 1829, it will be found that: the relative advantage is decidedly in favohr of Turkey ; for, whereas now the Russian army is one-third stronger than the Turkish—Turkey is now at least thrice.as strong as it was then, both as regards the army itself and the fortresses. A short time since ten Russian de serters arrived here, who swam across the Danube. Several were drowned. They are Massulmen from the Crimea, who, no doubt, are unable to comprehend why they should be ordered to fight for the triumph of the Orthodox Greek faith. " General Prim has arrived here, He is laid up .with the fever. 4, I have not as yet given you an exact descriplion of the entrenched camp at Shumla. "The mountain of Shumla belongs to that chain of Balkan which is detached from the principal range at the mountain of Deminkapu, and thou extends in a parallel line to sea, from the west to the east. But this mountain is nearly isolated, as it is very low in those parts where it joins the chain to which it belongs. The mountain of Shumla has a circumference of from .10 , 0 1 to eight hours. All around it is abrupt and rocky, the summit forming an extensive and almost horizonta l platform, about from 500 to 600 metres above the val leys surrounding it, its sides and the top being i n gr eat part covered by thick and almost impenetrable brush' wood. "Small inlets or valleys to be met with at inte rvalet running more or less into it, in which there is some times a village, from some of which a narrow path leads to fhe top of the mountain, passing through the wood, and descending in an easterly direction to Shumla. " The town is situated to the east, in the largest and deepest valley, which has been compared to a horse-shoe the entry being to the east. "This is consequently the only vulnerable part of the place ; whilst to the west, south, and north it is almos t wholly protected by the nature of the mountains and the woods, which render all approach impossible. "But this opening to the east is well fortified by a range of detached forts, which are built up against the rocky side of the mountain, being thus able to open a cross-fire in the plain at the east. "This chain numbers four forts of stonework, each carrying from 25 to 30 pieces of artillery ; and 11 other forts of earthen-work, capable of holding an entire reg i " ment. This is to the east also. _ "To the north, where the mountain, at the extremoitY of the horse-shoe, is more open, a parapet of earthwork has been constructed, in addition to a stone fort ; .iti, g 3,500 yards long, and is flanked by many outworks .an redoubts for its protection. It extends to where th e wood becomes impenetrable, crossing the roads lea.cling to Tirnova and Rasgrad. " To the south and to the west the place is protecte d by the same woods, and there remain but a few of th e pathways above-mentioned which it has been considere d necessary to protect. Small works were sufficient wihers these paths approach the town. Omer Pasha has, how' ever, fortified the entry of one of these inlets, whiclh is easiest approached from the west of the mountain, at the village of Keutesch, two hours distant from Shuichi,' Whilst he covered these roads, he has turned the vilficiie mountain of Shumla into a vast system of defence ; 01s making it possible to sally out from the camp by ti?, l l, valley to the east into the valley of Eseki Dochuma, all the disposable forces, against an army of observatio c o and against the flank of an enemy who should attempt to cross the Balkan by those valleys in the range of hills. " The fortified mountain of Shumla thus commands tici the same time the two parallel valleys of Pravadi Kamebsick, which are separate from the range to vilb, it belongs ; thus shutting up the roads that lead . ; Adrianople ;:v Aidas or by Kasamliok, b ecause it 5 31 ` - naves their flan;;• " The position of Keutesch is excellent, and wel l entrenched; and 20 cannon, with 2,000 or 3,000 met" are sufficient for its defence. Shumla will soon be ( i f pletely armed by a b ou t 256 pi eces o f ar t i ll ery o f 6 1 It 's calibre ; and whilst 25,000 me n a re suffi c i en t for - defence, it is capable of containing 100,000. " The forts may be considered as all terminated co lit ' In 1828-29 nothing of all this existed—a few outwot thrown up of earth, and ill supplied wiih artillerb much the work of nature as of art. " The actual state of things cannot be compareLA to it ; and I am of opinion that for the future the Gover n ' ment ought to carry out the defensive works of Shcor e rebuilding the old circle that closed the entry to tP . ! O horse-shoe to the east, and also reconstructing t;) parapet which has been built on the northern side °c o mountain, not in earthenwork, but in masonry. is t, permanent detached outworks which at present ex and two other redoubts which have just been built up ° earth, are sufficient for outward defence. By the o utlay of from 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 of piastres, the Turkish. Government could erect a stronghold, and at the same time an entrenched camp, which would not be inferior to any fortress in Europe ; and they might for the future place more confidence in it than in all the passes of the Balkan. " How often, in the past wars, the Alps have been crossed by the valley of the Po, and by iNat of the Rhone, of the Rhine, and of the Inn ! Now that armies possess greater mobility, why should they not be able to cross the Balkan, which is scarcely to be compared to the smaller chains of those mountains ? " An army of from 60,000 to 70,000 men assembl e d at Shumla, as is now the case, is a far greater im pediment to the forced passage of the Balkan, We re that range of hills doubly as intricate as they ar e- But when the works above mentioned will have been constructed, 50,000 men, out of a garrison of 60,00 0, will be enabled to go out and act upon the offensiv e; whilst, as things are at p resen t, a body of from 20, 00 to 25,000 men must always be left in defence of the camp. Ido not think that I exaggerate in saying the.% the seraskier can concentrate at Shumla a force of 60,000 men, deducting the garrisons of. Wilden, Ru s t' shuk, Silistria, Varna, and Nissa. Such an army cod a not at Shumla be attacked by less than double its fore; It must be reckoned that the Russians, who are 165,90 0 strong, will be obliged to leave 25,000 men in the Fria' cipalities, to observe Widdin ; and 50,000 men tc, be' siege and attack Rustshuk and Silistria. Thus 9C,00 0 men would remain to act against Shumla —to Wider the entrenched camp." AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, Nov. I ry Private telegraphic accounts have been receivvft here from New York up to the night of the 26th. The packet-ship Washington had arrived at Ne /f York, from Liverpool, with nearly 100 deaths frovi cholera, and upwards of 60 cases on board at th e • time of her arrival. The ship American Eagle arrived at New York' from London, on the 26th. The Compromise, from Liverpool, got ashore O 1 the west bank in the Hudson on the 25th, but vw got off on the 26th. Late ' Sandwich Island advices report fie, wreck of the English ship Susan, bound for C 9 4 - fornia • also that the ship Liverpool had stru c s near Behring Straits, but afterwards got off. e The whalers arrived at the Sandwich Islands that all hopes of Franklin's safety had been up. The ship Plover, of the searching expeditiOr had been seen in August in the Arctic Sea. THE KING OF THE BELGIANS.—The Belgian Pe °l „ l ° Ruby, Captain Lahure, arrived on Saturday at 5 th, r 7, ; from Ostend to await his Majesty King Leopold. King, Duke and Duchess of Brabant, Count of Flarie e ';' Princess Charlotte, Count and Countess de Lart n° , l r : Colonel de Moerkerke, his Excellency M. Van de W re Y - t" Hon. Colonel Gordon, Lord Camoys, Sir Edward o°B 4 and a very numerous suite arrived at Bi r mingh a r e Royal Ship Hotel, at 6 p.m., where apartments we previously ordered. The weather being rough and foggt his Majesty determined on sleeping at the Ship 3 1° ,, t f at 'i Mr. James Macgregor, Mr. Samuel Latham,tl g Consul, and Captain Smithett, had the honour of din his with the royal party. Yesterday morning at for Majesty and his family embarked on board the MIPJ. d e. Ostend, with every prospect of having a fine Pa ss ici7se Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of -wed bant will return to sleep at the Ship Hotel, or proato direct to Portsmouth, from Ostend, on their 57 Windsor. urs DESTRUCTIVE FIRES.—Last niolt, between the h oo t of 8 and 9 o'clock, two very destructive fires broke e ex . t!I almost simultaneously. The first took place in Co., tensive starch factory of Messrs. Cowar d en at Princes-street, Lambeth, and the flames could: Powhioli mastered until they had burnt out the building wont in the misfortune originated. The other fire broke rtio , A a long range of p rem i ses occu pi e d by a M r * 39'ost to wheelwright,. in Whitechapel. No time Iv, mater WO giving the alarm, and an abundant supply or a s fer at once obtained. At nearly midnight the fire rnwust of from being . entirely extinguished. The damage necessity be very considerable. • to t 1 vSods, %, e Lord tia n e d r s b o t r o n c , t who, p o r n o c c e l e o d s e in d g toN 3s re?' expected to return to London to attend the ' l ' b x oe Council to-morrow. J 40 4 0404.45tv y \ ,