The Sun. — London, England, 1853-08-29 00:00:00

DISCIPLINE AND MANAGEMENT OF CONVICT PRISONS. The following report on the discipline and man cement of the convict prisons, an d disposal of onvicts, with notes on the convict question, con struction of prisons, hard labour, Lirc., (tr.c., by Lieutenant-Colonel Jebb, C. 8., Surveyor-General of Prisons, Chairman of Directors, die., has just been issued : To the Right Hon. Viscount Palmerston, G.C.8., &c, Secretary of State for the Home Department. 5, Parliament-street, June 14, 1853. My Lord,—l have the honour to submit a report for the year 1852, on those general subjects connected with the discipline and disposal of convicts which fall under my superintendence as chairman of the directors of convict prisons, together with such information on the construction of prisons as further experience enables me to afford. I have noticed the different subjects which appeared de serving of attention in the following order :- Ist. The Accomodation at the Disposal of Government, and the Distribution of the Convicts in the different Esta blishments._ id. The General Statistics of the Year, showing the Number remaining in the Convict Prisons on the 31st De cember, 1852—the Number received into the different Prisons, or embarked for the Colonies, or who have died during the Year. 3d. Convict Discipline—Observations on Separate Con finement, its Moral Effects, &c. 4th. Second Probationary Period on Public Works. CONVICT pgISONS. With regard to the first point, the accommodation at the disposal of the Government, and the distribution of the convicts are detailed in the following return, which gives these particulars for the 31st March of the present year ESTABLISHMENTS AT HOME FOR MALE CONVICTS. PRISONS FOR SEPARATE CONFINEMENT. Milbank 1,100 Pentonville 561 Wakefield , 412 Preston 50 Cells in Leeds 5O county or Leicester . Northampton 60 sons rented the Bath 24 by Reading 4O Government. Bedford 7O For Scotch Perth lBO i prisoners. -2,659 PRISONS AND HULKS FOR PUBLIC WORKS. Portland 1,070 Portsmouth 1,020 Dartmoor—able-bodied 650 Defence Hulks at Norwich{ w arr i or r ---- 3,720 625 Parkhurst (for juveniles) INVALID DEPOTS Dartmoor 625 Stirling Castle Hulk, Portsmouth 4OO 1,026 Total in England and 5c0t1and,......,.,.. 8,030 Ireland, including males 'and females... 5,246 ABROAD. Gibraltar, say Bermuda, say Western Australia., 600 1,700 550 - 2,850 General total., CONVICT DISCIPLINE. The question of Penal discipline applicable to convicts under sentence of transportation is very complicated, in volving, as it does, the home and colonial interests, and being, also, a great moral and financial question. If, in practically attempting its solution, any one of the great interests concerned be allowed to preponderate, to the ex clusion of measures likely to have a favourable influence on the others, the general result, considered in a national point of view, cannot fail to be prejudiced. In looking practically into details, the question is fur ther complicated by the very different views which are en tertained, not only to the object itself, but on the mea sures to be adopted for obtaining it. Some will advocate simple penal punishment ; others, reformation, as the chief end and prominent feature of any system ; some would advocate chains and slavery ; others, affectionate and assiduous instruction. Between these extremes, the safest course would appear to be, to avoid any one idea, and to hold fast by experience. In this view, it may be desirable to inquire how far the two main elements of the system, namely, separate con finement and associated labour, can claim any preference over those schemes which may be suggested for the resolu tion of this important subject. I have so fully entered into all the details in former re ports, that it would only be necessary very briefly to bring them under your lordship's notice, were it not that the question of enforcing strict separation for indefinite and lengthened periods has again been mooted, and an attempt been recently made to show that certain modifications, which have been introduced into the discipline of Penton - ville prison, have had a prejudicial effect on the health of the prisoners. 1.6,126 SEPARATE SYSTEM. When the separate system was first urged upon the at tention of Parliament, in the very able reports of the late lamented inspectors of prisons, Messrs. Crawford and Russell (1836 and 1837), little or no experience of its effects had been gained in any country. Mr. Crawford had seen it in operation in the Eastern Penitentiary in Philadelphia, and thus expresses his opinion in a report on the prisons in America, dated 1834 : " In regard to the moral effects which have hitherto re sulted from the Eastern Penitentiary, it is impossible to adduce any strong evidence. The institution has only been four years in practical operation. "In 1830 there were confined in the prison 31 1831 1832 1833 He goes on, however, to add the favourable opinion h o had formed, in the following terms : "Upon a careful review of every part of the Eastern Penitentiary, after seeing the whole, and examining a con siderable number of the individuals confined in it, I have no hesitation in declaring my conviction that its discipline is a safe and efficacious mode of prison management, that it has no unfavourable effects on the mind or health, and that with the addition of moral and religious instruction, in which this peneitentiary is eminently deficient, solitary imprisonment thus enforced may be rendered powerfully instrumental, not only in deterring, but also in reclaiming the offender." It will be admitted by those who have given attention to the subject, that these conclusions rested upon very slender data ; and that so far as regards the assertion, that discipline, as enforced at that prison, would have no un favourable effect on the mind or health, or the inference that it could be safely enforced in the case of all prisoners for lengthened periods, experience has since shown that the anticipations he entertained have not been altogether realised. Solitary confinement had previously been made the sub- ject of experiment in New York. In pursuance of a law passed in 1821, 80 convicts were selected, and, as a matter of experiment, were placed in solitary cells, which had been prepared for the purpose, under the direction of the inspectors of the State prison at Auburn. In 1823, about 18 months after the commencement of the experiment, it was found that the most disastrous re sults had followed, especially as regarded insanity. With the exception of a few whose sentences were about to ex pire, and others who were sent to labour, all the remain der were then pardoned. The total failure of that experiment led to the establish ment in that prison of labour in association, under a rule of silence, as distinguished from the separate system, which was afterwards established, in 1834, at Philadelphia. It is probable that the results of this experiment of soli sary confinement on the mind and health of prisoners, led to the existing limitations, by which it is not lawful to award or enforce a sentence of solitary confinement for more than 28 days at a time, or for more than three such periods during 12 months. DIITINCTION BETWEEN SEPARATE AND SOLITARY CONFINEMENT. The distinction between solitary and separate confine ment, and some of the precautions to be adopted in the construction of prisons, and in the administration of the discipline, are laid down in the 2 and 3 Vic., cap. 56 ; and Pentonville prison was erected as a model of construction, and with a view to try an experiment on separate confine ment in this country under the provisions of that act. Some observations on this subject appear in my second rep or t. From the year 1843 to 1848, with a slight exception on the first 0 m i lted in eiling of the establishment, the prisoners ad the whole Pentonville were most carefully selected from pline are full body d. of convicts ; and the results of the disci change in th L ias eta s iled in the reports of commissioners. A results in 1848, is, convicts, as a cause of some adverse port for that year, :rye; incidentally noticed in a re- Devon, Chichester a a d d May, 1849, and signed by Earls Sir B. Brodie, and D l' . F n am arr s o o wby, Sir W. Molesworth, The following are extr er- n. " Since the date of mutt r tr o it a ll e a o t . ed have no new circumstances statements will show that the a The ay following lB i 8 w e continues in efficient operation, and that its effects upon y . satisfactory." Prisoners are highly With regard to the health and ment a l tt l mental eaatisfac prisoners, however, they observe— co ndition of the " We are sorry that, as to the health n as condi tion of the convicts, we have to make a tory report than in any of the former years since the p r i son was established. The daily average number of sick has indeed bee smaller than in the year 1847 ; there ha s not been a • n single case of Asiatic cholera. " But there were six deaths from disease within the walls of the prison, and five convicts received p ar d ons on account of their labouring under such disease as rendered a prolonged term of imprisonment dangerous. Of these last, four laboured under some form of scrofula, and one under an organic disease of the brain. " There was one case of death from suicide ' • and it is wo rthy of notice that this is the first example of suicide that has occurred in the prison. "The proportion of mortality, including three-fifths of those who were pardoned on account of the state of their health, among the deaths is as 18'75 to 1,000. " There have been also five cases of insanity. * "It may be difficult to offer a certain explanation of the great number of cases of death and of insanity, as com pared with that of former years. We have, however, rea son to believe that, in the earlier years of this institution, the convicts sent here were selected from a large number, and that the selection was made with a more exclusive re gard to their physical capacity for undergoing this species of punishment." They remark, in conclusion :-- " The longer the period o f se p ara ti on , the more watch ful must b e the exercise of medical snperintendencc, to guard against the failure of mental or physical health, which should always be anticipated as a possible result with pripsorno;rosrtiotncertain temperament and dispositions, and in to the keenness with which they feel their punishment: , Subsequently to the date o f this the board were tran s f ejr „ a , report, the functions of I had the honour t o b c 7 . a hew commission, of which O'Brien and Mr. Voules beinPPaointed chairman, Captain The experiment on prison sac i iated with me. Captain The full operation from 1843 to discipline,lB4" close, and the accommodation in i' v e a :t: bl rendered available for the general pur poses Prison was of the convict service. From circumstances vfe Fe all sufficiently fa the working of the discipline at Pentonve th - ar with and. its effects, to enable us to form our own conclusions upon the subject. For myself, I had previously expressed them in my se cond report, 1847, to the following effect : "My own independent conclusion, founded on a close observation of the system as carried out at Pentonville, Wakefield, and other prisons, is that separate confinement, with very few exceptional cases, and with ordinary pre caution may be safely and generally adopted for periods extending from six to twelve months, or rather more. " Beyond 12 months I think it requires greater care and watchfulness than would, perhaps, be ensured under ordi nary circumstances. And there are grounds for believing that it is neither necessary nor desirable to extend it. "It is not the use, but the abuse of separate confine ment that is to be guarded against ; that is, pressing it beyond the limits within which advadtage is to be derived from placing a prisoner under favourable circumstances for reflection and seceiving instruction, or of continuing to enforce it in the case of any individual whose health of mind or body appears to suffer under separate confinement in a greater degree than he would. under a system of asso ciation." Under any circumstances, however, the experience of 1848, as already detailed, would naturally have led to the adoption of any precautionary measures which afforded hope of mitigating the evils. This responsibility was espe cially forced upon our attention from the circumstances that it had been determined by the Government to subject all prisoners to a period of separate confinement ) instead of the very small proportion which, up to that period, includ ing 1848, had been selected for the purpose. daThtede2fisrstht report taryof , th i e mo ne . w s b o o m ar F d ex i t s raet fors from 1849, n a subse quent report, bearing on the q uestion, are inserted in the ad is appendix, page 102. The experience of the year 1849 was such as to call for increased watchfulness and precautions ; for we had com menced dealing with a description of prisoners far less able to bear separate confinement than those who were made the subjects of the orignal experiment ; and this discipline was about to be enforced under the responsibility of the Secretary of State at W a kfi e ld, and in other prisons where cells had b een ren t e d b y the however, no alteration Government alfotr the alteration purpose. Up to th e en d of 1839,0 n in the routine, of any conseq uence , had been m ade, altho ug h prisoners of good condu c t, w h o had been six months in the prison, had been previously selected for employment in the kitchen, bakery, and in o ther work, chiefly with a view to economy. Mr. Bradley, the medical officer, in his report for 1851 observes on the general question of health under the les s favourable circumstances in which the discipline was carried out : " The admission of ordinary convicts for the purpose of undergoing punishment would naturally tend to increase the proportion of both mental and bodily disease. This anticipated result, however, has not obtained, as the medi cal statistics show, with regard to mortality and disease in the prison ; while, if the condition of the prisoners at the expiration of their imprisonment be regarded, and a com parison in this respect be made between those formerly embarked on board the convict ships, and the men who have been sent during the last two years to the public works, the observation will be in favour of the latter as being more healthy in appearance, and possessing, for the most part, unimpaired strength and activity of both mind and body. " The circumstances which has been mainly instru mental in counteracting the tendency to disease and in maintaining health will be found to be that the term of imprisonment in Pentonville has been shortened ; the time to be passed in separate confinement having been reduced from 18 to 12 months." With regard to mental health, he observes that it may be considered to have been highly satisfactory, whether the diminished number alone be regarded, or the character of the cases themselves. INCREASED AMOUNT OF EXERCISE AND RESULTS. At the commencement of 1852, however, there had oc. cured at Pentonville so unusual a number of cases of mental affection, as to cause the directors much anxiety ' • and I stated in my last report that they had instituted an inquiry into all attendant circumstances, and had arrived at the conclusion that the greater amount of mental dis ease at that establishment, as compared with Wakefield and other prisons, was mainly due to a difference in the administration of the system. Whilst therefore, adhering, as far as possible, to the principle of separation, they deemed it their duty to in crease the amount of exercise in the open air ; and partly with this object, and partly to secure other advantages, they caused the prisoners to take exercise on the plan which had been found to answer so well at Wakefield. Their view is explained in the following resolution : " That the exercise in the separate airing yards does not appear so well calculated to promote the bodily or mental health of the prisoners as the plan pursued at Wakefield ; and that brisk walking exercise under such arrangements as will effectually prevent communication should be sub stituted for it." The gradual dimunition in the per centage of sick, not withstanding the very different and less favourable classes of prisoners which are now sent to Pentonville, can, in my opinion, only be accounted for by a difference in their treatment, combined with a shorter period of confinement. With regard to the metal effects produced by this and other ameliorations of the discipline, the chaplain observes as follows : " The beneficial moral results of the discipline and in struction of the prison have in no degree been lessened, in my opinion, by the mode of exercise adopted, during the year past, in lieu of the separate yards. There has been actually less communication between the prisoners. The good effect of the change upon the mental condition of the prisoners has been, to my perception, most marked. From an early period in the history of this prison you are aware I was led to advocate a mitigation of the rigorous character of separate confinement, originally instituted in Pentonville ; and I have hailed with no small satisfaction, on the ground of humanity, every approximation to such a course of treat ment as should secure a better prospect of continuing what is useful in this discipline without perpetuating the serious evil, which a growing experience led me to apprehend from its indiscriminate application. lam now enabled, by very distinct recollection of my early impressions, to compare the convicts of the first years, in their general appearance and manner, with those of the last ; and I would have no hesitation in affirming that the present healthful mental aspect of the prisoners forms a complete contrast to the nervous, agitated condition of the first, allowance being made for the many cases of debility and ago now admissi ble to the prison, which were so carefully excluded at the first." It has been well remarked by the physician of the peni- tentiary in New Jersey The more rigidly the plan is carried out, the more its effects are visible upon the health of the convicts. A little more inter course with each other, and a little more air in the yard, have the effect upon the mind and body that warmth has on the thermometer ? almost every degree of indulgence showing a corresponding rise in the health of the individual. That an opinion to the contrary should have been advocated at this time seems like a determina tion to disregard science in support of a mistaken but favourite policy." Besides the more obvious effects of separate confinement as exhibited in the development of pulmonary consumption and mental affections, there can be no question that the vigour of mind and body of the majority of convicts who are subjected to strict separation for periods extending be yond 12 or 15 months is impaired. My own conclusions upon this subject were thus ex pressed in my second report for 1847, in which, referring to the occurrence of convulsions on embarkation, and the general subdued, tractable manner which had been re ported by several surgeons-superintendent as the invaria ble characteristic of the prisoners from Pentonville, I ob served that : _ _ " Though there may be no evidence that any permanent injury has been sustained, such indications must not be disregarded. From whatever cause they proceed, it appears highly probable that an extension of the period of confine ment would be calculated to increase them, and it is to be apprehended that, if increased, the result be some permanent injury to the majority of the prisoners. It has been remarked that such effects show that we have arrived ' at the beginning of the end of good health."' Mr. Francis Gray, the author of a work on prison discip line, also observes upon this point : " Sir George Grey expressed his concurrence in the opinion of Sir Benjamin Brodie and Dr. Ferguson, who had both been on the commission for the management of Pen tonville Prison, that the utmost watchfulness and discretion on the part of the governor, chaplain, and medical attendants would be requisite, in order to administer the system esta blished there with safety, and Sir J. Graham repeated the same sentiment. If there is great danger that the bodily and mental health will, in many cases, be so deranged as to require medical interference, is there not a certainly that, in many more, there will be a degree of debility and depression not amounting to positive disease ? These effects, when perceived may, perhaps, be deemed hereafter, as they have been heretofore, to be evidences of reformation. But it is a capital error to suppose that they promote or indicate any real improvement of the morals or of the intellect." On this latter point Mr. Kingsmill remarks, in his last report : " Depression of spirits is not contrition ; remorse is not repentance - resolutions and vows of amendment, made whilst suffering the penalty of transgression, imply no change of principle—no real reformation of character. The weakening of man's physical and mental energies does not generate piety. Religion cannot be in a healthy state which originates in any disturbance of the mental powers." The best evidence, however, of the results of the plans which have been pursued in giving effect to the precau tionary measures introduced into the routine of discipline in the course of the last 12 months is, that during the year between the Ist of April, 1852, and 31st March, 1853, there has been no case whatever of mental disease. The foregoing explanations will, I trust, have satisfied your lordship that the determination of the Government in regard to limiting the term of separate confinement was not hastily or unnecessarily adopted, and that the amelio ration which, under a change of circumstances, the di rectors have felt it to be their duty to recommend, are such as are calculated to diminish the objections which may be entertained by some to this system of discipline, whilst they do not entail any sacrifice whatever of its advantages. GENERAL SYSTEM OF CONVICT DISCIPLINE. u' o a f u n W . ci the i eh e r l e l e an G ed :o l y te h a e iitiruv,:n qi m u no e eef s il ltionofestablishinga comprehensive s ys. .ern o f ttransportation,iapplicablen l 6 : to otht the w e wa g great whole et unders ub bodyjceoentosfwi convicts s r n a m v t i i o c o s t n t s ea and considered in all its bearings. and satisfacto r y a, at Pentonville had been so conclusive The h vT a n d ol b e ee b n oc e l e y nfi th n e ed a t d :anta confinement, th at r i eg t artied the moral effects of separate applying thatin was determined to secure for the gee which, u t 18 section, and thus realise the linlimited itt e 4o t terested in the treatment of anticipations of those a m sm es ? p o 47 and 1848 all conviet p s l a n n e d convicts, by th e period of se improved and comprehensive eserience in establishing which might be equally applicable 91" to disci 1 . an , under any circumstances. The result was the parate confinement should be about 12 months, followed by strict pen t ? an average of association and employment on public works, in proportioned to the original sentence. '' fora Period In order to carry out those views, I was with ° • Sir George Grey to rent from the magistracy i n r e ' o sed by and boroughs, where new prisons had been. erecterties s p ar o accommodation th e y were declined to place at the az of the Government, at the rate of 6i. per ann um posal for each cell. Nearly 800 additional cells were obtained in this manner. A portion of Illillbank was appropriated for The di_ fled separation, and Pentonville was somewhat extende d. Instead, therefore, of 500 prisoners only being subjected to b ' arrangements were made y which separate confinement, arranO line. upwards ,of 2 000 are now undergoing that discip . Loathetest convict It was further determ ined to establish brin g of e - prison at Portland, wit h a view to c, ac t ua l experiment, not only th e measures calculated to . . n assist in the reformation an d industrial training tpri soners, but to ascertain the be st mode of applying coconvicf. labour at the disposal of the State , in the execution o works of national importance or aoknowledged utility; with a further view to the final abolition of the hulks and i THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING -1 AUGUST 29, 1853, the substitution of an organised and improved system of discipline, on public works, at home and abroad. With regard to the general results of the combined sys tem, sufficient experience has now been gained of the great advantages of separate confinement, as a preparation for the subsequent stage in association. The details of the discipline, though described in the reports, can, however, only be understood by an inspection of the prisons at Pen tonville and Wakefield, and of other prisons where the separate system is enforced. A. careful study of the whole discipline and management at Portland, Portsmouth, or Dartmoor, would, in like manner, enable any one to form an opinion, as to whether the arrangements for combining the reformation of the prisoners with the punishment due to crime, are calculated to promote the objects which the Government have in view. Should any alterations appear desirable, there exists e very facility for making them. So far, however, as my experience goes, I do not see that any change, either in principle or routine, could be made without creating some evil or difficulty which requires to be guarded against. As regards the present system of subjecting every pri soner to 12 months' separate confinement and subsequent association on public works, Mr. Gray, the author before quoted, remarks in a work published at the time when the present plan was first settled : " The British Government, enlightened by experience, has determined to make an important change in its whole system of secondary punishments, and, last June, a plan was submitted to Parliament for this purpose, which will undoubtedly b e d e fi n iti ve l y acted on at the next' session.* * " It appears that the new system now proposed to be established there provides for one year of Pentonville disci pline, followed by a term of social labour. During this latter period, we are told that the prisoners are to receive moral and religious instruction, and to be entirely sepa rated from each other by night. This is well. And if it is designed also to furnish them, during the intervals of labour, with the means and opportunity of such intellec tual culture as they are capable of receiving ; to guard carefully their intercourse by day ; and to prevent their having free and uncontrolled conversation by night, it is a design worthy of the greatness, the wisdom, and the be nevolence of England." Total estimated net cost to the country for the current year, deducting the prospective value of labour 2. A MODIFICATION OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM BY THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DISTRICT PRISONS, WITH A VIEW TO A REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF CONVICTS TO BE SENT ABROAD. The probable effect of acting on the recommendations of the committee of the House of Commons in regard to the establishment of district prisons is thus adverted to in my fifth report Few persons beyond those whose duties bring them into immediate connection with prisons, are aware of the great inequality of sentences passed in the different courts for similar offences ; nor is it generally known that so few are sentenced to long terms of imprisonment, and so large a proportionate number to short terms of transportation, thus omitting altogether such an intermediate and length ened term of imprisonment as would give a more just and and proper gradation of punishment for different offences. " It will appear by reference to the criminal tables, that taken on the last ten y ears , th e average num b er of pri soners sentenced to 7 and 10 years' transportation has been 2,626, and that the average number sentenced to impri sonment has only been as follows : three years, and above two years, 5; two years, and above one, 473 ; one year, and above six months, 2,330. There are now so many country prisons, &c., in which separate confinement for 12 months might be enforced, that believe if district pri sons for carrying out the remainder of long sentences were established, a sentence of two or three years' imprisonment would have a sufficiently deterring effect, and the difficul ties arising from the great number sentenced to transpor tation would be materially diminished. " As regards sentences passed in court, it would appear proper that imprisonment should be carried to its fullest extent before recourse were had t o t rans p or t a ti on ; b u t , practically, neitherthe deterring nor the reformatory effects of imprisonment have ever had a trial on a sufficient scale to test their efficiency, excepting in the case of convicts under sentence of transportation. The experience, how ever, of the last few years carries with it the most conclu sive evidence in favour of such a system ; and if it were only to avoid the inconvenience and expense of transporta tion, it is well deservi ng of attention, especially in an econo mical point of view. "Lengthened periods of imprisonment have not hitherto been resorted to, partly from there being no existing prison where sentences exceeding 12 months could be properly carried into effect, and partly from a sentence of transpor tation up to a recent period affording so easy a solution of all difficulty both as regards expense to counties and final disposal. " With a view, however, of providing a remedy for this defect, and, at the same time, the means of reducing the number of convicts sentenced to transportation, it appears to have been the object of the select committee of the House of Commons in 1850 to press on the attention of the Go vernment the importance of erecting district prisons ex pressly for the reception of all prisoners sentenced to pe riods exceeding 12 months. The resolutions of the com mittee are as follows : " 14. That after prisoners under long sentences have un dergone a period of separate confinement, the remainder of their sentences ought to be passed under a system of com bined labour, with effectual precautions against inter course. " 15. That this object would be greatly facilitated by erection of district prisons, at the national cost, for the re ception of prisoners under long sentences after they had undergone such previous separate confinement. " 16. That such district prisons should be maintained at the national cost, and the government of such prisons and all appointments and salaries of officers ought to be under the control of her Majesty's Government." The measures necessary to give effect to these important recommendations were under the consideratian of Sir George Grey, and by his direction I prepared a memoran dum on the necessary details. The following is an ex tract : " With regard to the additional accommodation which may be required, it may be assumed that if facilities ex isted for carrying into effect sentences of imprisonment extending from 18 months to three years, without expense to the counties and boroughs, a large proportion o f th e pre sent sentences to seven years' transportation would be changed to imprisonment. " The following statistics may serve as data for calcula- tion : In the year 1850 there were sentenced to seven years' transportation 1,369 To imprisonment of 3 years, and above 2 4 To imprisonment of 2 years, and above 1 551 " If of these we take 1,000 of the sentences for 7 years, and allow 640 to cover the sentences of imprisonment, the number to be provided for in district prisons will amount to 1,600. " - The average sentences on this number might probably be assumed at two and a half to three years. " It is recommended by the committee, and it is an im portant condition to enforce, that all prisoners, previously to being sent to a district prison, shall have undergone a probationary period of separate confinement in the county prison. This period would probably vary from six to 12 months, and might be taken at an average of nine months, leaving from 21 to 27 months of the entire sentence to be passed in a district prison. From this period there would be deducted a small proportion to be remitted as an encou ragement to good conduct, leaving from 18 to 24 months as the actual period of confinement. " On these data the entire accommodation required in the district prisons would amount to one and a half or twice the number annually sen t ence d , th at i s, from 2,400 io 3,200," EXPENSE OF A MODIFIED SYSTEM. The estimates for a modification of the present system, in substituting imprisonment for a proportion of the sen tences of transportation, may be taken as follows : Gross estimates for convict prisons in Great Bri tain 8,524 £197,731 Ditto in Ireland, 5,246 ditto 53,912 Ditto for the removal of prisoners 13,00G Ditto for transport services 37,500 Ditto for the Australian Colonies 152,600 Ditto for convict service at Gibraltar and Ber muda, 2,300 prisoners Ditto for voyage to Bermuda and Gibraltar 46,500 6,041 Gross estimated cost of 16,070 prisoners £507,284 Deduct earnings-- Great Britain, 8,524 prisoners, at an average of 121. per head 2102,288 Ireland, 5,246, at 51 . per h ead 26,230 Gibraltar and Bermuda, 2,300, at 181 per head... 41,400 169,918 Total estimated net cost of 16,070 prisoners, under the present system, modified as pro posed . . 3. DISCONTINUANCE OF TRANSPORTATION, AND SUB STITUTION OF IMPRISONMENT AT HOME AND IN CER TAIN OF THE COLONIES. The diminution in the number of the convicts to be re moved from Great Britain and Ireland, if imprisonment to the extent contemplated by establishing district prisons were adopted, would still leave perhaps 1,500 men to be annually transported. These would be men under the longest sentences, and assumed to be the worst class of criminals. In the consideration of the details a difficulty presents itself. The opponents of transportation make use of two arguments ; one, that the mother country has no right to pollute a colony with her worst and most dangerous cha racters ; another, that sh e i s rewarding crime, instead of punishing it. There is much force in both these argu ments ; and any modification of the present system which is calculated rather to increase than remove these objec tions, will not, I fear, enlist the cordial co-operation of any colony, and will thus fail in being a permanent settle ment of this vexed and important question. For these reasons I am led to the conclusion that some more extended changes than a reduction in the number sentenced to transportation will be found to be absolutely necessary. With this view, it appears deserving of consideration whether it would not be expedient to alter the terms of the sentence, abolishing transportation, and substituting long terms of imprisonment, to be carried out chiefly in this country, but with power to enforce them at Gibraltar, Bermuda, Western Australia, or other colony where suit able arrangements for the purpose may have been pre viously made. This, at first sight, may appear to be a very sweeping change, and to be open to the most serious objection. Trans portation has for a long period been looked upon as the most severe of the secondary punishments of the country, that great importance is attached to it. This, however, I am persuaded, is more from the force of habit and old as sociations, and from f orge tf u l ness of the progress i ve c h anges that have been going on, than from any more substantial considerations. As regards the majority of convicts, there is little doubt that the change of circumstances in the colonies, together with the public mind becoming familiarised with emigra tion, has deprived this main element of the sentence of much of the deterring effect it may formerly have pos sessed, and hence its value in that light can no longer be relied upon. If a clear practical view of the present mode of carrying into effect such a sentence be also taken, it will be seen that it entails, or is commuted into, a long term of imprison ment, extending from two to three years, in the case of a seven years' man, to six to twelve years, in the case of a life sentence (the time being prolonged in case of necessity to the full period of the original sentence), to which is added such a mode of subsequently disposing of a prisoner as will place him in a favourable position for earning his livelihood. To obtain the last object, it will be seen, on reference to the estimates, that the mother-country incurs a large addi tional expense, from which she only derives the advantage arising from the ultimate removal of a proportion of the men. From these considerations it appears that in substitut ing sentences of imprisonment for sentences of transporta tion, the only change that will be required is a modifica tion in the means of subsequently disposing of the convicts on the expiration of their sentences, which, as already ob served, is the on l y po i n t of difficulty in the convi c t ques - To provide for this, I would venture to submit that, with a view to relieve the Secretary of State from responsi bility in the exercise of his power, the practice of his de termining, according to his discretion, the place of his im prisonment, and granting conditional pardons to prison ers, should be fully recognised by Parliament. Beyond this, I conceive there would be no necessity to make the least change in the present mode of dealing with convicts, under the first and second probationary periods of dis cipline, excepting, perhaps, an alteration in the scales for regulating the sentences and periods of detention. At a certain minimum period of the sentence, a con vict, whether imprisoned in this country or in a colony, would become eligible to be recommended to the Secretary. of State for a pardon, to which might be affixed such con ditions appeared expedient. It may be urged that it would appear necessary that a convict should be a party to the conditions on which he receives a pardon. This may be provided for by the periods of imprisonment being such, that the minimum, which it may be expedient to enforce, shall be sufficient, when taken in connection with the conditions of the pardon, as a punishment for the offence. The remission of the remaining period of the imprison ment will ensure, as a general rule, the consent of a con vict to any reasonable conditions, or powers may be taken in any alteration of the law, which will give the Secretary of State greater f ac iliti es f or exercising his discretion. CLASSIFICATION OF CONVICTS. In connection with the subject of a modification of the present system, or other changes, I would submit the ex pediency of establishing a more severe system of discipline, and of enforcing a more protracted term of imprisonment, in the case of men convicted of heinous offences, especially such as were accompanied by violence. This plan has already been partially acted upon by the removal of des perate characters, such as those in the Frimley gang, direct from separate oonfmement to Norfolk Island, and to the penal gangs in Van Diemen's Land. But it would appear desirable that it should be introduced as part of the system. It would relieve the Secretary of State from much re sponsibility if a classification of criminals were made by the judge in passing sentence, who would exercise his dis cretion according to the character of the individual and the attendant circumstances, in the same manner as is now done in the case of the different classes of debtors and misdemeanants. - Under such an arrangement, it might be necessary to send certain classes direct to the severest kind of penal discipline, and from thence remove them, to com mence the ordinary routine in separate confinement and public works, so as to preserve in their cases, as in all others, a due gradation of punishment. In connection with this subject, I would again press the importance of the Secretary of State's receiving more ac curate information, than at present, concerning the; cha racters of convicts, and the crimes of which they might have been convicted. SENTENCES OF IMPRISONMENT, COMPARED WITH BEN TENCES OF TRANSPORTATION. The average annual number, and respective terms, of sentences of transportation in England and Wales, from 1844 to 1851 inclusive, have been as follows : Life Above 15 years 16 years and above 10 years 10 years and above seven years Seven years 251 743 1,231 Total As regards the sentences of imprisonment proportionate to the present sentences of transportation, it may be con venient to show the scales by which detention ,in this coun try is now regulated. Exclusive of the restriction of a ticket-of-leave, it is as follows : Sentence of Ordinary term Transportation. of Imprisonment. 7 years. ... 3 years. 10 „ ... 4i „ 15 ••• 7 ,J , 20 „ „ ••• 9 i f f Life ... 11i „ In considering the subject, I would venture to submit the following scale of sentences of imprisonment corresponding to the above sentences of transportation, and of the remis sions which it might be found desirable to grant on the principle now in operation : Sentences of Transportation. 7 years. 10 „ 15 „ 20 „ Life Average Sentences of Imprisonment. 4 years. 6 „ Minimum term of Impriso went, 2 years. 2 „ 4 „ 5 Pi Average Period to be enf@reed. 2 to 3 years. 3to 4 „ 4to 5 „ sto 6 „ 6 Taking into calculation the numbers sentenced to trans portation, as above, for the various terms, and assuming that the same number will be sentenced to imprisonment, the average period, which I have adopted in this scale, will produce an average of between three or lour years of actual imprisonment, previously to the commencement of any arrangements for the disposal of prisoners If the periods of actual imprisonment appear short, I would observe that they include all casualties arising from deaths, and pardons on medical grounds, or otherwise, so that the terms of imprisonment would in reality be pro tracted to a long period in the case of the remainder, and would mainly be determined by the conditions which it might be expedient to annex to a pardon. The solution of the convict question will always present many difficulties, arising from the important and compli cated nature of the objects, both social and financial, that have to be provided for. It involves a choice of evils, but if the Government be forced to make a change, the more simple the alteration in the law, the more effectually will the difficulties be met and provided for, and the nearer will be the approximation to the advantages, which up to this period have been secured under the present system. SP()RTTArcI TN7r."TT CONCLUSION OF HEREFORD RACES. FRIDAY:—The Grand Stand Plate of 50 soya. (Handl- cap). Once round. Mr. T. Stevens's Sleeping Partner by Venison, 5 yrs, Bst 7lb (including 7lb extra) (Pate') 1 Mr. J. Davies's Butterfly, 4 yrs, 7st (Cliff) 2 Mr. Waller's Octavia, 5 yrs, Bst Mb (includi n g 51b extra) (Crouch) 3 The following also ran : Mr. Land's Theodine, 4 yrs, 7st 41b (Land, jun.) ; Capt. Little's Battery, 3 yrs, 7st (Olivier, jun.) ; Mr. C. Price's Gipsy Girl, 3 yrs, Est 111 b (carried 7st) (Lewis) ; Mr. Davy's Gaffer Green, 3 yrs, Est 81b (Thomas.) Betting- -2 to 1 agst Sleeping Partner, 3 to 1 each agst Theodine an d B attery, 7to 2 agst Butterfly. A good race ; won by half a neck ; about two lengths be tween second and third ; Gaffer Green a bad fourth. The weights were raised 61b each above those originally fixed. The Selling Stakes of 3 sovs each, with 25 added, for three-yr-olds and upwards, optional selling weights, &c., were won at two heats by Mr. J. Day's Massa Mungo, 5 yrs (501. , 10st 71b, beating Barmaid, 5 yrs (500, lOst 91b, including 51b extra, and three others. The winner was afterwards sold by auction for 110 guineas. The CITY PLATE of 5 sovs. each, with 50 added Win ners extra. One mile and a half 17 subs. Mr. J. Davies's Minerva, 3 yrs, sst 71b (Cliff) 1 Lord Caledon's Countess of Theba, syrs, 7st 21b SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. CUSTOUSE—Ana. 28. ENTERED INWARDS.—The Yeldefonsa, from Bilboa ; Mandcops, Buenos Ayres ; Hortensia, Archangel ; Ellen, Leghorn ; Reins, Almeria and Seville ; Sarah, Marianople ; Royal Sovereign, Moulmein ; Betsey, Caen ; No, Porto Rico ; Vriendschap, Worcum ; Cheerful, Dantzic ; Omni, Bjorneborg ; Tete, Gualequaychee ; Mary, Telker River ; Uruguay, Prince Edward's Island ; Gazelle, Callao ; Oden, Hernosaud ; Josich, Odessa ; Islander, Barbadoes ; Me dora, Havannah ; Jersey, Berbice ; Brahmin, Singapore ; Sophia Charlotte, Seville ; Billow Queen, Punta Arenas. ENTERED OUTWARDS FOR LOADING.—The Yeldefonsa, for Bilboa ; William Thornborrow, Havre ; Hilja, Kaske ; Catherine Jameisen,Sydney ; Zangare, Melbourne and Sydney ; Hendrika, Konigsberg ; Lucie, Zaan. CLEARED OUTWARDS WITH CARGO.— The Thure, for Stock holm ; William Thornborrow, Havre ; John Gardiner, Elsinore and Cronstadt ; Two Brothers, Dunkirk ; Enge lina, Altons ; Prince of Wales, Calcutta ; Himalaya, Mor ton Bay ; Ancares, Matanzas ; Saladin, Port Philip ; Do mino, Sydney; Hamilton, Antwerp; Herinina, Gezeine, Amsterdam ; Adalina, Havre ; New Orleans, Odessa ; Maria Christina, Dram ; Domo, Cape Coast Castle ; In trepid, St. Helena ; Irene, Adelaide ; Christiania, New York ; Arnie Fisher, Ceylon. LIVERPOOL, AUG. 27. The Shooting Star, new clipper ship, has arrived from Quebec, with loss of spars. The Eleanor, Keane, for Maranham, attempted to get to sea this morning, but was obliged to return from the heavy weather. The smack William of Oban, from Wick, went on shore on Great Burbo this morning, and it is feared she will be come a wreck. The Courier, Calcutta to Liverpool, was spoken April 25, lat 4 N., long. 88 E. The Dundonald, Bombay to Liverpool, was spoken May 27. lat. 25 S., long. 54 E. The Queen of the Wave, Calcutta to London, was spoken June 10, lat. 31 N. long. 32 E. The Recorder, A kyab to Liverpool, was spoken June 16, lat. 36 S., long. 24 E. The Orestes, Madras to London, was spoken June 18, lat. 35 S., long. 22 E. The Serenus, Madras to London, was spoken June 20, lat. 35 S. long. 19 E. The Valler Dunn, Rio Janeiro t o Al nw i c k , was spo k en July 25, lat. 14 N., long. 27 E. The Uruguay, Ceylon to London, was spoken Aug. 8, lat. 33 N., long. 38 E. The Emigrant, Port Philip to London, was spoken Aug. 13, lat. 38 N., long. 36 E. The Guatemala, Valparaiso to Liverpool, was spoken June 6, lat. 39 S., long. 79 W. The Shark, for Maranham, was spoken July 29, lat. 12 N., long. 35 W. SPOKEN WITH. The Athol (barque), VESSELS of Liverpool. May 13, lat. 57 S. long, 68 W. ' The Salcombe Castle, from Liverpool to Melbourne, June 10, lat. 24 S. long, 34 W. The - United from Greenock to San Francisco, 15th, out 51 days, lat. 15 S. long. 31 W. The Emily, from Leith to San Francisco, same day. The Calender (probably Callender), of Boston, for New Orleans, from Cardiff, Aug. 14. l a t. 46 N. long. 29 W. . . The Nautilus (brig), for Quebec, Aug. 10, lat. 48 N. The Barclay (scho oner ) , standing west, 11th, lat. 50 N, long. 30 W. The Brutus (barque), 20th, lat. 50 N. long. 8 W. The Annette Gilbert, from Liverpool to Sydney, N.S.W. June 15, lat. 5 N. long. 23 W. The Breadalbane, from Clyde to Melbourne, 18th, lat. 8 N. long. 22 W. The - Elizabeth, from Troon to Aden, July 16, lat. 12 N. long. 25 W. The Uxbridge (barque), steering southward, 17th lat. 13 N. long. 27 W. The America (barque), for Quebec, July 29, lat. 45 N. long. 51 W. The City of Hamilton, from London to Montreal, Aug. 11, lat. 50 N. l ong . 21 V. The Argus (brigantine), from Quebec, Aug. 7, lat. 45 N. long. 50 W. The Montcalm (ship), 14th, lat. 47 N. long. 31 W. The Thetis, from Rio Grande to Liverpool, lat 22 N. long. 32 W. The City of Calcutta, from Calcutta, July 25, lat. 47 S. long. 9 E. The Pegu, from Bombay to Hamburg, July 29, lat. 19 S. long. 3 W. The Niord (Dutch barque), July 7, lat. 3 N. long. 19 W. The John Dalton and Northumberland (ship) both out ward bound, July 7. The Nelson (brig), from Liverpool to Providencia, Aug. 3, lat. 47 N. long. 42 W. The Spermaceti, from Plymouth for Quebec, lat. 47 N. long. 39 W. The Petchelee, from Liverpool to Calcutta, June 26, lat. 16 S. long. 30 W. The Brilliante, from London to Port Philip, July 10, lat. 9 N. long. 27 W, The Sir Robert Seppings, from Madras to London, July 2, lat. 35 S. long. 14 E. The Tyne, for Melbourne, May 25, lat, 35 N. long. 15 W. The Sky Rocket, for Melbourne, May 25. The Rowallan, from London to Melbourne May 29, lat. 6 N. long. 23 W. The Albion, for Calcutta, June 2, lat. 3 N. long. 17 W. The Cuba, from London to Algoa Bay, June 25, lat. 28 S. long. 20 W. The Nelson, from Hartlepool to Melbourne, Aug. 20, lat. 47 N, long. 8 W. The Sunda, from Liverpool to Bombay, June 30, lat 36 S. long. 35 E. The Scindian, from Calcutta to London, July 3, lat. 36 S. long. 22 E. The Queen of the Isles, from Ceylon to London, July 11, lat. 31 S. long. 12 E. The Termagant (s.), Aug. 14, lat. 42 N. long. 22 W. The Mary Ann Bailey, from Gibraltar to Quebec, Aug. 12, lat. 41 N, long. 26 W. The Ellen, from Singapore to Malaga, lat. 32 S. long. 32 E. Tbe Jane, from Callao to Mauritius, lat. 26 S. long. 6 E. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—SPORTSMEN'S, DEER-STALK ERS', AND TOURISTS' EXTRAORDINARY TELESCOPES.— 39, Albemarle-str ee t, Pi cca dill y. Observe, opposite the York Hotel. -- The Royal Exhibition. —A valuabl e , newly-invented, - very sma ll powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a p erson can be seen and kn own one mile and a half distant ; they answer every purpose on the race-course, at th e opera-houses, country sce nery, and ships aro cl ear l y seen at 12 to 14 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Telescopes—A new and mo s t important invention in telescopes, possessing such extraordinary powers that som e , 3} inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and th e double stars ; with the same telescope, weighing only 3 ounces, can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every other kind for the waistcoat-pocket, and are of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and race-course glasses, with wonderful power; an object can be clearly seen, from 14 to 16 miles distant. Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians, have in vented invaluable preserving spectacle lenses. Immediately they are placed before imperfect v i s i on, every 0 1 ) ieet a ppears cl ear and distinct; the most aged, defective sight becomes bright and brillia n t, i s b rought to its youthful, natural, and original state. Deafness—New Discovery-- The Organic Vibrator, an extraordinary powerful and newly-invented instrument, for Deafness, entirely different from all others, t o surpass anything of kind that has been, .4. probably ever can be, produced. Being of the same ..olour as the skin it is not perceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public s:s semblies ; the unpl easant sensation o f s i ng i ng noises in the ears is entirely removed ; and it a ff or d s a ll the assist ance that p oss ibl y could be desired.—S. and B. Solomps, Aurists and Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Observe, opposit e the York Hotel (Stang ay) 2 A capital race, won by half a neck, There were two races. At first Battery, Octavia, Waterfall, Countess of Theba, and Minerva, were weighed for, but the last two not being on the ground when the others went to the post, the clerk of the course thought they did not intend to run, and so the race proceeded without them. Battery came in first, beating Octavia by a neck. On going to scale, however Mr. Day objected that Battery had carried 51b over, without declaring it, under a false impression which the jockey entertained that the weights had been raised. Mr. Davies, the owner of Minerva, protested against the race in Coto, ands n being appealed to, the stewards decided it was void and there should be a fresh race. Battery, meanwhile, was sent home, and Mr. Day de clined to run Octavia and Waterfiill. The result of the second race was as above stated. Mr. Day intends, however, to submit the case t o th e Jockey Club, not withstanding the rule that the decision of the stewards shall he final. The Aristocratic Welter Stakes, of 5 sovs. each with 20 added, one mile, were won in two heats by . Mr. Land's Theodine, 4 yrs (601.), I.ost 71b, beating Mr. Bidgood's Kate, aged (601.), list 21b, and three others. The weather was again wet; and the attendance of company only very moderate. RACING FIXTURES FOR 1853. The figures within parenthesis denote the number o Eccles (3) Lichfield (2) day's racing. AUGUST. 29' Chelmsford (2) 129 Plymouth 30 SEPTEMBER. Folkestone, Hythe, and Sandgate l3 Doncaster (4) .13 Dover 15 Pontefract (2) l9 Bedford (2) 2O Leicester (2) 21 Lanark (2) 22 Manchester Autumn (2) 22 Canterbury (2) 22 Newmarket F. 0. (3) 27 Walsall (2) 28 Northallerton (2) 29 BER. Warwick Autumn (2) lB Caledonian Hunt and Lincoln (2)..... 1 Bridgnorth Marlborough Cheadle (Staff.) (2) Warwick (2) 6 Totnes & Bridgetown (2) 7 Weymouth Morpeth (2) Western Meeting 8 Rochester & Chatham (2) 8 Western Zoyland and Bridgwater (1) l2 OCTI Chester Autumn (2) 4 Monmouth YorkshireUnionHunt(l) 6 Wrexham (2) Newmarket S. 0. (5) lO NOVE Worcester (2) Epsom Autumn (2) 3 Cowbridge Hunt (2) 9 Liverpool Autumn (2) 9 Kelso 18 Richmond (2) l9 Newmarket (H.) (6) 24 Shrewsbury (2) 15 Newton Autumn (1) 24 Aberystwith (3) Last week THE GALE ON FRIDAY. The advices received on Saturday at Lloyd's, from the different outports, furnished a sad catalogue of the havoc which was occasioned among the shipping during the tremendous gale of Friday last. Between Dover and the North Foreland many casu alties are reported. A number of vessels sought refuge inside the Goodwin, some with loss of spars, or anchors and cables, or other damage, by coming in collision. The French mail boat from Calais was unable to make the harbour of the former port ; she ran for Deal, and, after much difficulty, landed her mail and passengers. Just below Beachy Head two large vessels were lost in mid-day. One was the Brenda, Mr. Buckle master, laden with a choice cargo of timber from Quebec. She had leaked considerably during the voyage, and on beat ing up Channel became almost waterlogged. Encoun tering the gale, and the crew fearing her speedy founder ing, they, for the purpose of preserving their lives, ran her ashore in- the vicinity of Newhaven. The coast guard were immediately on the alert, and perceiving from the prodigious surf that was running that no ordinary boat could exist in it, they immediately re sorted to the rocket apparatus, and by that means suc ceeded in throwing a line over the wreck. This com munication being secured, the whole of the crew managed to reach the shore, although in a most pitiable condition. At the time of this being forwarded, there was every appearance of the ship proving a loss. The other vessel was a fine barque, called the Australia, bound to Rio, from Grimsby. It appears that, in anticipation of bad weather, she had brought up on the previous (Thursday) evening, off Shoreham. There she lay exposed to the violence of the gale. She laboured severely, and shortly after daybreak was driven from her anchors and cast ashore nearly abreast of the coast guard station. The critical situation of the crew immediately excited the attention of those on the look out. No time was lost in launching the life boat, and several brave fellows volunteering to man her, she went off to the rescue of the poor creatures on the wreck. After making her way through a tremend ous sea, she gained the barque, and taking off her un fortunate crew, returned and safely landed them. According to the last accounts, the vessel was fast going to pieces. From Tei gn mouth, Plymouth, and Falmouth, similar intelligence as the violence of the gale has been re ceived. At Kimmeridge, on the Dorsetshire coast, a new life boat, mad e by nite, of Cowes, was driven ashore during the height of the storm on Friday morn ing. Nothing is known of the crew, if she went out with one to any ship in distress, or to where she be longs. The coast guard have taken possession of her. The eastern coast felt the gale severely, and it is feared that the real extent of disasters is yet to be learned. On the Newcowe Sand, just abreast of Lowestoft, the Marmion,. Mr. Attwool master, belonging to Weymouth, was lost while on a voyage from Dantzic to Gloucester. She was laden with a valuable cargo. The crew had most dreadful work to save themselves. In the same vicinity the William and Ann, trader, belonging to Goole, was overcome by th e s t orm , an d f oun d ered on Sizewell Bank. Many other casualties are announced to have happened on the same range of coast. Similar boisterous weather raged on the Durham and Northumbrian coast, where the coasters had a most severe trial. THE ARMY. Captain D. W. Pack's company and field battery of the Royal Artillery, which has been for some time under orders of readiness for removal, on Friday morning re ceived the route for a speedy departure from Kilkenny. The first division marched at one o'clock to Thomas town, where they halted, en route for Waterford, from which they are to embark on the 30th inst., for Bristol. The second division is also to embark at Waterford on the 6th of September, proceeding thither, on being re lieved at Kilkenny by a demi-battery from Athlone on the 2d. Captain Pack is the son of the late Major-Ge neral Sir Denis Pack, and his departure from Kilkenny in which he has been quartered for some months, is a source of general regret to the citizens, whose sincere respect and esteem was largely accorded to him, not so much from the prestige of his family connections as from the many amiable and truly excellent qualities which adorn his personal character. A detachment of the 9th Regiment, consisting of 50 rank and file, with a proportion of officers, under the command of Major Lister, of that corps, proceeded from Clonmel to Dungarvan last Tuesday morning, to rein force the detachment at that post during the election for the borough. rn i B c t k h E L T ig — ia T t I h n e fa r n e t t r u y7 at m p a r t e c s h en b t et st w a e t e io n n t e h d e i n offi N c e e w rs ry o , f the CR 6 and the officers of the 12th Regiment, stationed in Bel fast, will come off on the Newry cricket-ground during the first week in September. 68TH LIGHT T INFANTRY DEPOT, NEWRY.—A series of dramatic performances, by permission of Major Harry Smith, commanding this depot, has for some time back been sustained, at monthly intervals, by a corps of non commissioned officers and privates of the companies stationed at ` Newry. On Thursday evening last there was a full attendance of officers and men, together with a fair proportion of c i v ili ans , t o w it ness the entertain ments, consisting of The Charcoal Burner; or, the Dropping Well of K n a res b oroug h ; com i c song forin terlude, and the farce of The Man with the Carpet Bag. The stage, scenery, and dresses have been got up with admirable skill and good taste. It is generally believed that Major-Gen. Sir De Lacy Evans is to have one of the vacant regiments, the 2d Queen's Royals, or the 21st Fusiliers. Major-Gen. Sir en. Richard Doherty is to succe ed Ma j or- G Bunbury in the command f the t r oops . at Jamaica. This appoint. ment will cause a vacancy the Clothing Board, of which Sir Richaid was one of the acting committee. — United Service G..izette. [ADVERTISEMENT.] --The Earl of Aldboroughaud Hol loway's Pills.—An astounding cure by this miraculous medicine after every other means had failed. See ex tract from his lordship's letter, dated " Villa Messina, Leghorn, Feb. 21, 1845. To Professor Holloway. Sir, —I beg to acquaint you that your pills have effecteu a cure of a disorder in my liver and stomach, which all the most eminent of the faculty at home and all over the Continent had not been able to effect—nay, not even the waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad. (Signed) ALDBO ROUGH." These wonderful pills will cure any disorders of the liver or stomach —Sold (also Holloway's ointment) at Professor Holloway's Establishment; 244, Strand, London and by all medicine venders throughout the kingdom. SECOND PROBATIONARY PERIOD ON PUBLIC WORKS. We now come to the consideration of the second proba tionary period of discipline on public works ; and as the moral result of the discipline to which convicts are now subjected during the period of their imprisonment mainly depends upon the arrangements made for the men working in association after a period of separate confinement, I have felt more than ordinary interest and anxiety that it should be placed on the most effective footing ; and with this view I have spared no pains to render Portland a model on which to form similar establishments. PORTLAND BREAKWATER. Before entering into the different questions which are of interest with reference to the results of the discipline and management of Portland Prison, it may be convenient briefly to advert to the further object of constructing a breakwater, for the formation of a harbour of refuge in Portland Roads, and to the mode of carrying on the work. The attention of the Government was called to the sub ject of " Harbours of Refuge" in 1843 ; and, in conse quence of the recommendation of a select committee of the House of Commons, a commission was appointed to in quire into the most eligible situation for forming a har bour or harbours of refuge in the Channel. The great natural advantages of Portland Bay—its im portant relative position—and the facilities for accom plishing the proposed object, could not fail to claim the attention of the commissioners, who stated in their report —" Our next and last visit was to Portland, which, from from its situation with reference to the Channel Islands, and as the boundary of the narrow part of the Channel in this direction, came naturally within the range of investi gation." The result was, the recommendation of the commis sioners " that a breakwater be constructed in Portland Bay, sheltering an area of 1,200 acres." The quarries which produce the well-known Portland stone are situated on the summit of the island, from 300 to 400 feet above the level of the sea ; and the best End of stone, such as has been used in the construction of St. Paul's, Whitehall, and other buildings, lies under several strata of hard but inferior quality. The quarries were in consequence encumbered with vast piles of refuse stone, which had been removed for getting out the " best bed, ' as it is termed. This debris is made use of in the con struction of the breakwater, and some of the coarse beds are quarried for the same purpose. The stone is removed from the quarries by means of several lines of railways, which are arranged in a series of inclined planes, from the summit to the point where the breakwater joins the shore. The waggons are raised and lowered by wire ropes, working on "drums" placed at the head of each "incline," the loaded train in its descent drawing up the empty one from the breakwater. .The waggons, previously to being lowered down the in cline, pass over self-registering weigh-bridges, by which the precise quantity of stone sent down is ascertained. The convicts, besides constructing all the branch lines into the quarries, repair the " plant," and are otherwise usefully employed, and will be enabled when the arrange ments are complete to send down 1,500 to 2,000 tons of stone a day or two. The expense of constructing this great national work, securing a naval station in time of war, or affording shelter and safety to the commercial marine in the long line of coast extending from Plymouth and Torbay to Portsmouth and the Downs, might in consequence be greatly reduced, as almost the whole of the works might be executed by con vict labour. RESULTS OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM. As regards the results of the discipline and industrial training at Portland, which, as before stated, has been more or less dependent upon the means of instruction afforded to the men during their probationary discipline in separate confinement, they may, I trust, be considered to be highly satisfactory. As a body, the men show a spirit of willing and cheerful obedience. The strictest discipline is maintained, with a very small proportion of punishment. The industry of the working parties is remarkable ; and the fact that they ex ert themselves at their laborious occupation is manifested by the circumstance that those who are employed, consti tuting only about four-fifths of the whole body, execute work of a value nearly equal to the entire cost of the esta blishment. Of their moral condition, the chaplain, and those who have the best opportunities of forming an opinion, speak in very favourable terms. 6n the whole, though I felt very hopeful of success when Portland Prison was first occupied, the results have far ex ceeded my expectations ; and as I have frequently stated before, I would now repeat that, under Providence, it is due to the principle of encouragement held out in the ules and regulations sanctioned by the Secretary of State, and to the judicious and admirable manner in which they have been carried out by Captain Whitby and the governors and chaplains who have had the immediate responsibility of administering the discipline. The foregoing observation will, I trust, have given your lordship a comprehensive view of the present system ; and I trust it will also appear that, taken as a whole, it may claim to be founded upon bread and intelligible principles, and on past experience of much that has to be avoided, and much that affords encouragement to follow. The records of Parliament may be appealed to in proof of the fact, that there have been periods in the history of the convict system of this country when, speaking humanly, the demorialisation of every individual sentenced to trans portation was certain. No matter what might have been his previous character, what the amount of his contrition, or what the sincerity of his efforts and resolutions to retrace his steps, he was placed within the influence of a moral pestilence, from which, like death itself, there was no escape. Any candid and dispassionate inquiry into the condition and prospects of the convicts who have passed through periods of penal and reformatory discipline at Pentonville and Portland, will prove beyond doubt that, to say the least of it, the majority of those now serving are likely, on their release, to be respectable in their station of life, and useful to those who engage their services, and thus realising the anticipations of the Pentonville commissioners, that " a large proportion of our convicts would be qualified on their discharge to occupy an honest position in their own or any other country." THE CONVICT QUESTION. The importance at the present moment of the different questions connected with " transportation," and the diffi culties which will have to be provided for in consequence of its more limited application, imposes upon me the duty of laying-before your lordship such statistics and details as will be required in the consideration of the subject. I propose to notice the various points in the following order . 1. Present system of convict discipline, and its expense. 2. A modification of the present system by the estab lishment of district prisons and the estimated expense. 3. Discontinuance of transportation, and substitution of imprisonment at home, and in certain of the colonies, with the estimated expense. 4. Additional prisons, and their probable cost. 5. Probable effect on the annual estimates of carrying out a general system of imprisonment. 8. Females. 7. Disposal of convicts. 8. Measures for assisting discharged prisoners. 1. PRESENT SYSTEM OF DISCIPLINE AND EXPENSE. As regards the general routine of the management, on extract from the notice which is placed in the cell of each prisoner received into the Government prison is an nexed in appendix, page 112, and will give a brief but com prehensive view of the system, which, at least up to the end of 1852, was in operation. It may be observed that it consists of three probationary periods of discipline, viz.:- Ist. Twelve months' separate confinement. 2d. Labour in association on public works for a period proportionate to the sentence. 3d. A ticket of leave in one of the colonies, followed by a pardon, conditional or otherwise. Pentonville and Portland prisons may be taken as ex amples of the first and second periods of probation. The third is a revocable pardon, and it will be observed that the holder of it is subject to certain very salutary restrictions, calculated to deter him from erime, and thus protect the interests of others. The system, though not yet fully developed, may fairly be assumed to have fulfilled, both at home and abroad, the different objects which require to be provided for. It has been a punishment severe in its aspect, but mild in its t p h r e a c t i menca h o a p v e e r a b t e i e o n n , ch • a . s u p d o s there c greatlya can b e n to o do, a w d hit va l n s tage, the imperial interests have gained some benefits, without materially prejudicing those of the colonies. EXPENSE OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM. Abstract of the Estimates for the Convict Service for 1852-3. The total number of convicts provided for in the annual estimates is 21,932, and the expense of all the services, as detailed under the separate heads, may be thus stated ? Gross estimates for the convict prisons in Great Britain, for 7,824 prisoners Gross estimates for the convict prisons in Ire land, for 5,246 prisoners Estimate for the removal of prisoners Gross estimates for convict service at Gibraltar, and Bermuda, for 2,650 prisoners 48,842 Estimates for transport services to the Austra- Es i t i i a m n aTe for lon t ies ransport services to Bermuda and Gibraltar Estimates for the Australian colonies, &c. ". 53,912 ... 12,424 95,000 6,041 188,744 Total gross cost to be laid before Parliament £587,294 Assu ming, however, that the labour of the convict s is j u di c i ously and profitably applied, the real cost value of their work home, which m a y b e th us Deduct earnings of 15,729 prisoners as follows : 7,824 in G reat Britain, at 121. per head. ..293,888 5,246 in Ireland at 51. per head 2,650 in Bermud a and Gibraltar, at 181. 26,930 per head ..................................... 47,700 167,818 ••n y ~ HADDINGTON—Au G. 26. The following are the prices of grain a t our to-day : SO WHEAT. I BARLEY. I OA.. ! , 0' 62s 06 39s Ori 249 0,1 4 ' 440' 8 2! 56s lOd 3.5 s 4d I 22s 6d,,,, cg O ka b 3 s 6d 34s 6 d 21 s Od 7 a a Total quantity of wheat in market, 420 qrs., 3''''' ld yp barley „ If 2 f oats ,I 293 qrs, 1 ° i d 84 qrs. , 0 7 6 6 g o ° o l,l 23 0 ° 2/1 2, ueans 19 23 qrs., Average of wheat £2 16 10 7-12ths ,0 12th Second Third.. Ditto of Barley Ditto of Oats .. Ditto of Beans 1 15 41. , 1 1 2 6 5-12 w 2 4 2 1-1200 DALKEITH. GRA _ Qrs. Best. 359 Wheat 59s 01 ... 387 Oats 25s U. 134 Barley 35s Od 6 Peas & ;leans 44a Od ARKET—Ava. 25. I n ferior . Current .... 57e Od ......... 21 45 ed 86 1 .... 238 Oct .. .... 348 Od ........... , • 39y aj 428 Od ......... Average of wheat, 2/. 16s 9d. ABEADEEN—AuG. 26. 00 3 Ali The prices of grain are—Old oats, 00s Od b , per 401bs pet Lusbel; new oats, IJs Od to I.:'s 6d, t' l bo loy, bushel ; here, :10s Od to 00s Od, 531bs per bushel; 30s Od. to 00s Od, 531bs per bushel ; wheat, red, (1310 d, 00s Od, 62103 rer bushel ; wheat, white, 56 3 Od toboll 621bs pat aush t l ; oatmeal, 153 9d te 16s 6d Pf r e flour, 42s Od t ) 4;s 6d per sack. Provisions—Be e ,,? I t o sa ; 5d to 8d ; mutt on litto, sd. t) ; veal, ditto,,, 5d to Oti; pork, per lb, Os Nito Os (.;t1 • s,4thetz, per lb, 15 Od 6(i; rabbits, each, Od to Od ; tallow, r er stone, 4 s Odto to; potatoes, per peck, Rd to 0011; ii it 3 r, per Ib,lo'l to 64 eggs, per doz, Cs 7d to Os &1; hens, per pair, 2 ! 35 Od ; chickens ditto, ls 34 t 2s Od ; ducks, di t 7.,., r ' Wit to 2s O 1 ; ducklings, ditto, ovi 6d to Os Od 'latter each, 3s al to 4s ; geese, dltto, 35 Od to 45 Od OOs l4l for ex*Jortation (present r ure), per cwt, 88e t° ditto (summer cured), 00s to 00s Od ; eggs, wholesale ! Ar t, per dozen, :),id to Od ; 41b loaf, 7d ; 21b loaf, 30 ; 0 5 a; fine small, Os Od to 05 Od • pork, large, Os Od stogy lamb, per lb., .a 6d to 8d , Pe ri3 ' • cheese, per imp s 5s 6d to 7s. DUBLIN—Auo. 26. 20 ; White wheat, 26s to 21s Od ; -ed ditto, 250 Oa to ~,,,ed, barley, 13s Od t o l os 6d ; oats, IJB 6d to 13s 6d; %ter / Oos Od to Oos pe r b i t ; oAtmeal, Us Od to 13 s Od, 3004 flour, 14s Od to 20s Od per cwt; lutiati corn, 28s Odd per 480 lbs. CORK-Au G. 26. Ctrrenc7o4' °. White wheat 00s 04 t o 00 s Od Os Od--- 40 Redw 6os Od to 00s Od on do. heat Ditto Ditto 0 90 , 5 s g dd to w o o i ts 00dd}009 Ocl--- Barley OO3 9d to 00s Od) 6 do. Ditto 00s Od t o 00 s 0000 Od--1 Ditto 00s Od t o 00i Od 4 Bere lls 2d to Hs Od Os Oa 217 Oats ..... do. Ditto 00s Od t o O s 04000 O d Dtto old oos Od to Ous Od „ 1"'" ciirt° Pigs oos Od to COs Od 00s O d Quantity sold at the lbighest prices be re ; 00 barreis white wheat; 0 red ; 0 barley. 13 oats; t: o pigs. Quantity f grain and num. , er of pigs so ld last we ek Fist, 0. Wheat, 19. Barley, 0. Bere, 31. Oats, 1022 Return 01 cattle sold for week ending Aug. 20 Pigs, 416. Sheep, 555. Cows, 74 ' is , Od; Coax.- Four—First, 15s 6d to 17s Od ; ems ' seconds, 13s Od 158 Od; househ o ld s , lOs to 12 8 vV.,757`1," 7s to Os Od pe, cw t. M ea l— lndian mea l, 78 6 ", r cre' r n i oatmeal, lls 6(1 to 12 s 6rl; wheatime4l, 10s to lls 6'l 55 Indian corn, 71 10s Od to 71 15.: Id per ton. Bran'. verg es to 4/ 15s Od per ton. H ay -Farmers, 25s Od to 4250 d, veers 375; dealers, 50s Od to 60 a Od ; avenge, Os per too . n o s 0 0 0 Farmers, 22s Od to 34s Od; averv , e 28s• dealer s ' t 00s Od ; average, Os. p er ton. Ti ti . x:d.-NYheaten loaf , l ot: Od ; Isousekold ditto, 6d to Od per 41b.—Fresh bil i tt r ; - 10 , 0 , 12d per lb. Eggs, 5s Od t o O s 0 3 per hun d re d. 4id to 841; mutton, 5d t o 663 ; vea l , 5d t o 8d ; P ° ,'„ f fot's 6d ; bacon, 7d to 8d ; sausages, 6d per lb . - Fish, -,"` , 0 0 °,: land, 001. Os to 001 Os per t on ; S co t c h h err ings, 0 , u s Red, do., 30s per brl.--Potatoes, white, 6d to 7gLo, 8d to 9d.—Coals, Newport, 20s ; Lydney, 20s Od per ton.—Wniskey, 25 0.p., 6s 10d per imPe rl ',4t. Hides, market, ..iJs to 365; Salta, , lOs to 38s Pe r ," r torte skins, 3d per Bangor slates 2/. 17s. 6d to fa r 401. r, Fleece wool, 19s to 23s per stone.—Hemp, 351 ',7410 0 1 "; i ; ton—Timber, Memel, 4/. ss; rue. pine, 3/. 150; J, Q ,,," 3/. ss. per ton; deals, 10/. to 20/. per h t indred. -- "1," - flec 8/. to 101.10 s. per ton.—Tallow, 53s ("d to 54s per e!", --- 00 804 71. 109 be 0/. per cwt.- Tar, Arch-mgel, 10 8 . per brl - Peruvian, 121. Os to 001. per tol. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS' LIVERPOOL, AUG. 27. , I," bean STOOK EXIIILINGE.—The share mar ket A-- t hat tremely dell again to-day, and our quo t a tions 7 01:j low yesterday's t.ri‘es :—Caledonian, 3.3 ii • FeatooliA ties,l34- ; Lanc tshire and York , 751 e ; Po' North-Western, MI ; ; Son.. and Dover, 21 e 1 1. BIRMING AM w , AUG. 27. ill STOCK EXCHANGE.—Share H s ere rather firm er W 4 market to-day, but the transatlions were eon.° sively to dealings in local stocks. Shrewsbilri nringhams were done as high as 63. LEEDS, AUG. 27. l) J A ,„t or STOCK EXCHANGE. --Shar es are very Jim ..^- 4/af o d { scarcely anythi ng d o i ng . P r i ces have in consequet,.Alie °oil receded. The oily transactions are—Lwow' /40 Yorkshire, 7i 704 ; Leeds Northern, 158 • , Littl e g g, Western, si ; and York and North Midland, 29it SEABORNE MAILS. (N signifies that the mails are sent f r om the Gener al oti'° by the night—and M by the morning —dispatch.] ---- 1 - f Ol Day when made uj. From what ,101,4, COUNTRIES. in General Post- Port „ o'2 Office, London.. Motels. ........-, ----------- AO. , . ii ,- America(byltrit.pack)N Every Friday .... Liverpoo l " 30 America (by United Sts. Ad' packet) .. .. .. ....N Sept. 6 .......... Liverpool •' ' ' 10 America (by IT States to i j SeP t. packet) .... • • ....N AUg. 30 .......... SouthaunP l , 4 Australia (via South..l too S el l' 1 ampton) .......... M 'Sept. 4 .....• .... SonthamP- . apt' (via Marseilles) N'Sept. 8 . Dover •• •• • • 1 .4 0' Ditto (via Cape of Blood, Ono Hope) ...... • .....N!Sept. 14 .......... p:yrnoUth •'. Aug' 0 Africa (West Coast) ..N August •?8 .. Plymouth •• 'Auk 4 Alexandria .... ...... NlB, h, 24, & 3 0 of m Dover • • •• ',., self i Alexandria .. .. .. .. ..31;4th & 20th of m on . Southampto sot Bahamas ....... .. ..1612nd of the mo n th BouthaMPO':p3 .l l l 6 Belgium ............N1f1ai1y..........., Dover •• •: •„ seo•l6 Brazil .............. 31'9th of the month.. SouthaMPL% Sept, Buenos Buenos Ayre,s .. .. .. 31 9th of ;he m on th .. Southampt on AO - C:ape of Good Hone .. Njl4th of the month Plymouth •• ; n d Cape of Good Hop e .. N j Plymouth " ArriC"'" Cape de Verde ......N 14th of the month. Plymouth " Ceylon (see India) th HI ArrifedP l . Ceylon ...... ........Nll4th o f the month Plyonott—,; l ; •ru .. 1 Channel Isles .. .. .. ...NlMon „Wed ,&Frid.;•‘outhan3P',„ Sept' Chi1i........... ~1111=d & 17th of month'SouthaftV w i 3 0 China (see India) 4 ~ Constantinople ......N17,8,17,24,&27 ° r m. D ov er •• •',„,•:, SeP - 41SP ' Constantinople .......14th & 20th of mon. SouthanlP.' Tvii' l rout. of Europe M & NiTwice daily ...... Dover •••' • ' I „,„ t po Egypt see India) ;1 11 4 France........ M & N !Twice daily__ Dover • • •;,'„, Sept' ibraltar ..........Ml4, 7, 17, 20, 27 ofm. Sout har " I 4e pt I pt. Greece (see India) Greytown ...... ...Ml2nd & 17th of mon. • utbsuiP t°ll ,iiie'' ' Hamburgh ...........NiTuesday& "ndon • ....• . ' se pt,,lo. Havannah ........ .. al !2nd of the monthiSoutharuP te' .lmo S T Holland ............M' Wednesday & Sat.ll.ondon • •; o ' n 'EleP t .' 4 Honduras „.M 17th of the month. SouthatuP„„` n 'SeP," i India (vlaSouthampt.)M l 4th & 20th of rnon.l.Southsun i ' v RP , Inaia (via Marseilles)M Bth& 24th of month Dover .. ••" I ec lsSi I.l'f ic 4 lonian Isles (see India) Holyhead .• ; 3. Ireland ........M & N Twice daily „ „ „ „ o o So' t. 16 Lisbon ..............Ml7, 9, 17, & 28 of m. Southampton F. 0 1) gif Madeira ............m :9th of the monthiSoUt h l ~ AO' Madeira ............ N Aug. 28.. .. .. .... 'PlYrn" 0 NI alta (see India) I et . ..... A Atig' Malta ..............N!7,17,19,28, 30 of m. Dov --- . m Mauritius (see India) i (Plymouth •• A pt` 1 , Mauritius ..........N 14th of the montll ton t„ • southanV . SeP,. 1 Mexico ...... Naples ~ . ~ .. ..4 0 ', Sept' New Granada ......M;id & 17th of month SouthA r ",ti o ' il New Ze ii and .. ..11:3* private ship ..IVarious I , ' ..'Sept.'t'. 4 Papal States ~ ..N-I,thlbth2sthofrnon. Dover • • • t • ou 'Sep 1 Peninsula .. Peru • MI th I 7th2Bthonnon so' uthararepPto eeP t ' ice s' .31; 'd & 27th of mon southa .0 . to .. 9 Port Natal ..........N:l4th or the month , Hyrum" . :WI . g Sicily .... ..........N'othl th2sthoimon, rt..cany „ . .2.; htrilsth2sthoirrion. ; o o ver • !_..nt, Sept' Venezuela M id & • 7th of enonthi , outh arur " I Van idemen's Lam. ( es; pt. Au-tralia) .... .... . 1 ' ton e iSouthsruP/::;; , West Indies . ..... .. At 12J Cz lith o menth , Dover .......!sep:.l ',2,1 Cr; fifth o month - A De ow-,00 th c ips L A . Way, — e ~ ~ don Of wps cep e tc4' h b * When any of these dates .t 1 A U] dispatche on the following day= t Southampton), and the Malta, hot:t whit day preceding. Bi el bb. OF A FON. IV CIV On the 24th inst., at the seat of her father, tilesq.,o bishop of Dublin, ti-e wife of Charles Brent Wslf'tP n to On the 1101 April, at the station of the Afiss'°,,,trae' li * Aboriginal I. , :atives, at Poit Lincoln, South . 4 * Ade ld Mrs. Matthew _dale, wife of the Archdeacon of OF A DAUGHTER. v di On the 2'sth inst., at N.. 26, Albany-street, n u rer ° the wife of John Stuart, Esq., secretary and d the tr6H the Bank cf Bombay. - L° On the 24th inst., at h er f a ther's house, Ches- -- . r oroe wife of Bernard. Edw ar d _li o dh uts t, Esq., of - street. SIAlilCi L. t On the 27th inst., at the British Embassy, by the Rev. William Drury, ALA., George 0 -roe lo t ; Sir Philip . Esq „ Esq., Post Captain, R. ~ second eon A s egh I.,roke, Bart. to to Albasi a Maria, second of Thott.ws Evans, Esq., of Lyminster, Susses. jojcliff' On the 24t inst., at the church of St. 318 , 11 ' w le Bristol, Henry W. J. Ellis, 'Es surgeon, ‘-',„,,;" colnsbire, eldest son of the lateci Phineas ir-a"petrie,e' H.M. 35th Royal Sussex Regiment, to lga r Y co istoo r eldest daughter of Rc pert Ellis, Esq., s ur g e° ' parade. bit i* DIED. r brae a On the 2441 inst., TemplesowerbY, °' sop , - Lilian Constance, daughter of Sir Molyneuxll7"o eld e e Bart., aged five weeks. On er© 26th inst., aged 33 years upon daughter of Thomas Hill, Esq., Walton- Derbyshire, at her residnce, Ponrlt, Bangor. Georq Dfiss TretivP On the - Oth of Juno, at EaDgooll, Liellteclloan:i 000 0 Dempster litowse, Ist Bengal Fusiliers , Robert Brown Es. Fr vi' Air On the 2d of ), Jun q e, accidestaily drowned, he r m ate Po, Mr. G eorge Derrick Burnaby , R.N. , Jesty's ship P o l y phemus, aged 23. - 7;;Ir n yOu LONDON : Printe.i --nu Published. by .1111 TED— A r o . :1 of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, "'visor Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in 10 41 . 2liddlosex, 31onday, August 29,186 a. - First Eris. I G ) tao 4. t: 01 , 1 c 'l' 26% Tiq ?m, N....... tb„ i R - ` k V l't Pn )11;