The Sun. — London, England, 1832-10-19 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THt PUBLIC JOURNALS. We perceive, " hot upon the heels" of Lord Durham's mission, the institution of a Court military and despotic at Warsaw to try the Poles who took part in the revolution ; and we also perceive that among the first proceedings of that Court has been the condemnation to death of a young Volhynian Member of the Diet, the Cas tellan Olizar, who was arrested by the Russian authorities after the capture of Warsaw, a s h e was endeavouring to cross the frontiers into Prussia. This is a melancholy illustration of the beneficial consequences of that mission, as far as the Poles are concerned, who, as a people, had a claim by treaty upon us, which we have allowed the insole n t C zar to annu l, w i t h ou t con descending to submit the question to the con sideration of the British Government, as if he were already s o l e and supreme arbiter of the destinies of Europe, and as if the " Ocean Queen" were the vassal of his barbarian empire. That the Czar insultingly cancelled the Treat) of Vienna, relative to Poland, of his own free will, we are warranted in saying from what fell from the Chancellor of the Exchequer when questioned on the subject in the House of Com mons ; for, on being interrogated as to the Ukase by which the nationality of Poland was declaied extinct, and the organic Statute which framed a Russian despotism for Poland, in place of its own Constitution, Lord Althorp declared that the British Government had no qficial intelligence of tile existence of either of those documents, although both had been pre viously published, like all acts of State of the Russian empire, in the Government Paper of St. Petersburg, where, we believe, there is nothing inserted that is intended to remain a profound secret. Since then, however, the British Ministry received, we presume, what they admit to have been an official communica tion on the subject. They were apprized in " good set terms" of the autocratic decision b) which a nation whose independence we were instrumental in creating, expressly on the ground, as stated by Lord Castlereagh at the Congress of Vienna, of being a barrier to the ambition of Russia, was erased from the map of Europe. When Lord Durham was sent to St. Petersburg, the Treasury scribe: wished to impress the public with the belief that a part of his mission had reference to the restoration of the nationality of Poland. If it had, the Czar, while he feasted and flattered and cajoled the Ambassador Extraordinary of Great Britain, treated with exemplary contempt the Ministry who sent him. But how can we wonder at what has taken place when our Go vernment subsidized the Autocrat first, and en treated him afterwards ? Had our Ministers made the payment of the British gold which he has received conditional upon the restoration o f the independence of Poland, we should not now have to lament the insignificant results of Lord Durham's twenty-two. horse power of diplomacy. Morning Herald. The unsettled state of the Belgic question renders the maintenance of peace in Europe every hour more precarious, and, therefore, the condition of Europe itself, and of every country contained in it, and of every inhabitant in each of those countries, more alarming and more awful. 'There is no statesman who does not deeply feel this truth. What, then, is the Bel gic question ? The Belgic question varies with the mind which contemplates it. Ask the King of Holland, and he will answer, that " the only question is, how most speedily and effectually to bring back Belgium under the yoke of the House of Nassau." If it had been doubtful some days ago that such was the King of Hol land's view, the speech to the States-General would have made it now quite manifest. For the Duke of Wellington, the English Conser vative faction, and the members and partisans of the Holy Alliance on the Continent, the first Belgic question was, " Shall Belgium be suf fered, by means of a popular movement, to sepa rate herself from Holland ?" the two countries having been nailed together by the short-sighted mechanics of 1815, that they might form a bul wark against French ambition. The Duke of Wellington, however, and the Conservatives of the earth, perceived on trial that forci bly to keep the Dutch and Belgians in one compact body would cost more than the thing was worth—that the sham kingdom had been framed of crude and green materials, into which the dry rot had early made its way, —and that if there was a hope of preserving any portion of the edifice from ruin, it must lie in the re-opening of all the seams and joints, and disposing the pieces in some more wholesome form. The first question, therefore, was an swered in the affirmative—the separation of Belgium and Holland was decreed by common consent of all the Powers in conference. The second question for the Conservative politicians then arose,—" How shall we adjust this inevi table separation upon terms as advantageous as may be to the King of Holland, whose person and interests represent those of the Holy Al liance Monarchs, and of all Kings as contra distinguished from all subjects ?" The solution • of this question was, after long discussion, em bodied in the treaty of November. By the said treaty Antwerp was to belong, as it had always done, to Belgium,—the navigation of the Scheldt was to be relieved from the restraints im posed upon it by Dutch cupidity and selfishness, —and aspecified portion of the common debt was to be provided for by Belgium. By an express condition of the treaty, whichever of the two adverse states should refuse to accept the above terms, the contracting parties bound themselves to coerce that state into acquiescence. Thus, then, the variousand successive problems have resolved themselves into one, and the only " Belgic question" now unsettled is this—" Shall the treaty signed, sealed, and ratified by all the great Powers of Europe—each pledging itself to each and all of the others for the bona fide spirit in which the instrument was signed—sliall that treaty be honestly executed, or shall it remain a dead letter and a recorded fraud ?" There is no escape from this question. There is no evading it. The King of Holland rejected the treaty. By Belgium it was, for the sake of peace, and on the faith of a promised support by the Allied Powers, accepted. Belgium de clared her readiness to fulfil every engagement undertaken for her, and imposed upon her by this treaty. The King of Holland refused— Belgium, to pacify him, offered more than the treaty of November exacted from her. The King of Holland, instead of meeting concession with conciliation, insulted Belgium and the Allied Powers by fresh demands. He holds to this hour, by an armed force, the citadel of the second city in Belgium—the commercial key to the whole kingdom—the sole outlet for Belgic industry—the door of ingress for Great Britain, and all other maritime nations ; this, moreover, in open despite of the well-known feelings of France and England, and of the ostensible and formal acts ot Austria, Prussia, and the Russian Autocrat. We say, then, that the actual " Belgic question" is one which involves the direct and pe culiar interest of the British and French nations, both which are deeply injured by the commercial paralysis of the whole coast of western Europe, from Hamburg to Ostend ; one which at taints the honour, not of England and France alone, but of the other three great monarchies, co-partners with them in the pledged enforcement of all the decrees of the London Congress ; the first of which is the security of Belgium from Dutch aggression, and that it is one which, by every hour's delay of its adjustment, goes at once to plunge all Europe into a war of party The divine right of Kings, and the right of na tions to cashier them for misconduct, being the opposite war-cries, how such a conflict would be sure to end, despotic statesmen had best bethink themselves. But it is a calamity which no human wisdom can avert, save only by a check to rising passions, and dispersion of accumulating hosts, such as an immediate execution of the decrees of Congress, which may to,this intent be called the law of Europe, would accomplish. All means of peaceful, kindly, and persuasive solicitation to the King of Holland, that he would be pleased to consider the rights of other countries, the well-being of his own, and the imminent risk of exasperating against himself the Governments and people of two great neighbouring States, besides compelling the rest, through the mere sense of insulted honour, to chastise him, have proved to be lamentably vain. He answers by referring to his valiant fleets and disciplined armies, and, hinting at the secret sympathy of certain Courts, he maintains his outrageous attack upon the Belgic territory. Then, we ask, is this relative position of _ _ the several Powers to continue ? If it continue but a little longer, must it not terminateinzvar? inevitable war 2 And whose fault is that ? The fault of that stubborn and wilful Prince who sets alike at defiance the plainest interests of his own people, overwhelmed with the cost of un employed armaments such as never before were heard of, the friendly counsels, declared wishes, and solemn decisicns (which he himself called for) of every important state in Europe. If such a war, for the scourge of unoffending na tions, should be provoked, the King of Hol land, and the secret abettors of the King of Holland, if such there be, are fairly chargeable with it. There is no doubt that the two princi ples,—that miscalled " legitimacy," and popular power,—are ready for the battle. There is but one only expedient by which their clash may be retarded, and some safe barrier be for a time in terposed. Coerce the refractory party into sub mission to the general will and welfare of Eu rope. He has rejected all pacific overtures, therefore protect the rights of the injured, and vindicate the faith of treaties by the only means which are left. An armament for such a virtuous purpose is distinctly and truly a peace measure. It is the single escape we have from the certainty of a war which must embrace the entire civilized world, and may lead to results of endless and unfathomable evil. We speak of this as of a policy imposed upon the two Governments by the most rigid necessity, to be deplored we admit; but impossible to have been avoided, except by the undertaking of a similar enterprise above 12 months ago. There is, therefore, no alternative. But as it is ohnious that no mere naval attack would be effectual against a fortress situated and strengthened like Antwerp, a powerful land army becomes an essential instrument of its restoration to the Belgic Government; and since there may be politicians in some quarters who would raise a hue and cry at the bare notion of a French army of considerable force occupying the soil of Belgium, and approaching that of Holland, though but for strictly defensive ob jects, why not take advantage of the favourable disposition evinced by Prussia towards executing the intentions of the Conference ? Why should not the British and French Cabinets re quest that of Berlin to unite its troops with those of Louis Philippe, and fulfil as allies the objects of their conjunct policy ? We can imagine no reasonable ground of objection to such a proposal on the part of his Prussian Ma jesty. If the designs of England and France were suspected by any others of their allies (though we believe they are not) of being diffe rent from those they profess, here is at once a guarantee against the success of any measure. Such a demonstration, on the other hand, would satisfy the Dutch Monarch that he had nothing further to expect, and would take away all pre tence for his treating it as an example of French ambition. In that case the King of Holland would probably give way at once ; or if not, and the Confederates were compelled to act, there could ensue no possible danger of a general war in Europe. Prussia retiring after the end ac complished, France must of course do the same. We confess that our hopes would be sanguine of the success of this application to the foresight and liberal spirit of the Prussian Government, and the more so, because, with the declared sense of that Cabinet upon the merits of the case as between the King of Holland and his Belgic neighbour, we see not how the proposition could consistently or fairly be refused.—Times. The remains of the late Thomas Hardy were yesterday consigned to the earth, and an address was delivered on the occasion by Mr. Thelwall, now the only survivor of the twelve indicted for High Treason, in 1794. It is due to the ge nerations to come, to mark the departure from this life of men, who, like Thomas Hardy, have devoted themselves, at the hazard of their lives, to themost exalted of objects—the emancipating of their country from a degenerating political thraldom—by grateful honours to their memory, that the motives to generous and patriotic ex ertion may be strengthened, and that virtue in the trials to which it is so often exposed in this world, may still he borne up by the cheering hope, that it will live in the grateful recollection of mankind. A long period has now elapsed since the conspiracy against the liberties of Eng lishmen was defeated in the acquittal of Thomas Hardy, and the number of those who were of an age to take an interest in the proceedings of 1794, must now be small. The acquittal of Hardy has, indeed, been celebrated every year down to the present time; but to the existing generation Thomas Hardy may be said to have been nearly a stranger. By those to whom he was personally known, he was indeed held in the highest regard as a thoroughly honest, single minded, and kind-hearted individual, who bore malice to no human being, and wished well to a ll man ki n d, w h om no ear thly considera tion could seduce into any act of which his conscience disapproved ;—but of the many thousands who yesterday assembled to pay the last respects to his memory, there were but few to whom lie could have been personally known, and the unequivocal demonstration of popular feeling testified the sense which the present race of Englishmen entertain of the foul conspiracy against the liberties of the country, which was defeated by the acquittal of Thomas Hardy, and of the cause for which he devoted himself at the hazard of his life. Within the precincts of St. Luke's there was not a shoo open, and the deepest sympathy was everywhere manifested. Another actor in the transactions of that day still survives —John, Earl of Eldon. Thomas Hardy died in his 81st year, and John Scott, Earl of Eldon, is now in his 82d year ; so that in the course of nature the grave must soon also close over his remains. But, gracious God ! what a difference between this man, covered with honours, as they are called, and saturated with wealth, and the single-minded and disin terested man whose blood he endeavoured to shed ! John Scott, Earl of Eldon, must soon appear before a Tribunal, in which all the arts and skill which raised him to wealth and ho nours here will avail him little. But it is not for mortals to anticipate the decision of that Tri bunal. He boasts of his conscience, and he knows best what burthens he has laid on it. There are men whose consciences can support any hurdle!), however heavy. John Scott, Earl of Eldon, notwithstanding all the circumstances stated yesterday by Mr. Thelwall, may yield up his latest breath unperturbed. So far from con sidering the departure of his intended victim as a !nene tekel, the hand-writing on the wall, he may view his survival as a sort of triumph. Be this as it may, it is for the people to mark the different sense they entertain of a man like Hardy, who devoted himself to a cause to which he narrowly escaped being a victim, and at the expense of great sacrifices of domestic happiness and prosperity, and of a man like John Earl of Eldon. Mr. Thelwall stated a fact which is of great importance in estimating the character of Lord Eldon: " He could not," he said, " suppress the observation that any man who found it necessary 24 times in 24 hours to talk of his conscience, seldom turned out to have any conscience at all. It must be worn to rags by so much mouthing—(Hear, hear)—and when the word was thus mouthed, they would find it interpreted to mean nothing but interest or ambition. Now mark an anecdote ! The proper returning officer at that time—the Deputy Sheriff or Secondary—was named Burchell. He was about to tell them a story which was told by Burchell's own mouth to his brother-in-law, the late John Holt, of the Chancery Bar. Burchell told him, that not being found sufficiently pliant in the selection of the Jury, ' Old Conscience,' as he was now called, took the Jury-hook out of the hand of the proper officer—(' Mark, mark this !') —whose duty it was, according to the constitution of the law, and e trricd it'to his own chamber, and there, in dark and secret divan, picked out such men as he thought might be depended on for hanging the prisoners, guilty or not guilty..—(Shame, shame !) Fortunately his stupidity equalled his roguery. He certainly placed on the panel many men on whom be might have depended, but they were dead—others had left that part of the country ; he could not prevent rn my honest men from getting on, the country became alarmed, and the result was, that three successive Juries returned verdicts of acquittal." Truly, if John Scott, Earl of Eldon can look back with satisfaction at his last hour on a pro ceeding like the above, he must have a singularly constituted conscience. But it would be de stroying all the incentives to virtuous conduct, and destroying the securities for moral order, were worldly prosperity to screen a man capable of seeking the life of a fellow-creature by means such as are here imputed to Lord Eldon, from the strongly-marked disapprobation of the peo ple. The fact should be carefully treasured up by the people, in every quarter of the country, that by marking at the proper time their due sense of such a transaction, a lesson may be read, as powerful in the way of dissuasion, as that of the funeral of Thomas Hardy was in the way of encouragement. Success in life ought not to render men callous to recitals like those of Mr. Thelwall, carrying with it, as it does, in its cir cumstantial details, every appearance of truth and accuracy. There is in this country but too great a disposition to worship wealth, and to forget, in the regard for it, the means by which it was acquired. It is the duty of all those who have the power to seek occasions like that pre sented by the funeral of Thomas Hardy, to cor rect the national failing. The occasion is certainly a striking one ; Thomas Hardy dies not only a poor man, but having been indebted for his means ofsub sistence for several years to the subscriptions of a few friends, and yet his remains are deposited in the grave in the presence of a countless mul titude, who show the strongest sense of his ser vices to the great cause of his country. At that funeral the inscription is furnished for a mo nument to another man, who will die as rich as Crcesus, but whom his wealth will not screen from the expression by the people of their strong disapprobation of his public conduct. As there are few men indifferent, whatever they may pre tend, to the opinion of the community, a lesson like this will not be thrown away on otherrich men. John Earl of Eldon has been consistent through out hi 3 long life. He sought not the good of the people, but his own ; and for his own he was ready to embrace mea►►s respecting which there cannot well be two opinions with people who think as they ought to think. He has fought to the last against the cause of the people— against every improvement in our institutions. He has already had the mortification of witness ing the triumph of a ma❑ (Earl Grey) who, we believe, was one of the number who would have felt the condemnation of Hardy and Tooke. He will yet live to witness other mortifications ; and the funeral of Hardy will supply a contrast which will not soon escape from the memory of the people.—Morning Chronicle. We do not believe that a close and effective blockade of the coast of Holland is practicable, especially during winter, even although the whole naval force of England and France were to be engaged in this expensive and unprofitable pro ject. But, although the blockade be partial and imperfect, it cannot fail to inflict serious injury upon Dutch commerce. This must be admitted. The question in this as in all other wars, how ever, will be, not whether the war inflicts injury, for this is the constant and necessary effect of war upon both parties, but whether the compa rative injury to the several belligerents is likely to be such as to make Holland or her enemies first tired of the contest, and ready to make sat ri flees in order to bring it to a conclusion. When the subject is regarded in this point of view there is, as it seems to us, no reason why the King of the Netherlands should succumb to the iniquitous dictation of France and England from apprehension of the threatened blockade. He cannot, it is true, beat off their blockading squadrons. He cannot repay them in kind by a blockade of any of their ports. He cannot, against such powerful antagonists, keep the sea with a fleet, nor will he attempt it. But in spite of their blockade, however vigilant, Dutch pri vateers, armed with his letters of marque, will find it easy to get out of the ports of Holland and back again, or into other of the northern ports, with the rich spoils cf British commerce ; and although in this kind of warfare England may retaliate, it is not difficult to foresee that, from the more abundant harvest afforded by the Bri tish than by the Dutch foreign trade, Holland will be enabled to carry it on with a very decided advantage over Great Britain. Ths partisans of the Administration pretend it is for the interest of our commerce that they engage in this per nicious and absurd proceeding. We should like to see the men who frequent Lloyd's and the Royal Exchange come to a vote upon the sub ject.—Morning Post. Lord Henley's address to the electors of the county of' Middlesex will be found in another part of this day's paper, and we commend its pe rusal to all who take an interest in the election for that important county, as one of the most purely conservative character which we have ever met with. It says nothing, in fact, except that Lord Henley is connected with " no party"—that " he is bound by no pledges"—that he is deter-. mined to support our ancient and valued insti tutions (what institutions ?) ; but, nevertheless, " to promote reformation in them where reason tells him that reformation is necessary"—that is, he is determined to protect all existing abuses ; and yet he is determined to reform them ! With regard to the public expenditure, he is to have " a watchful regard over all its branches," as the Tories have invariably had, to their own profit and the great cost of the country ; and with re spect to " those intricate and conflicting interests which will shortly come under the consideration of the Legislature," he will endeavour to protnote a just " and equitable adjustment of them." There is no Tory, however conservative in his principles, who would not pledge himself in the same general and unsatisfactory manner ; and let us hope that there are no electors in Middle sex but Tory electors who would give a vote to such a candidate. Formerly we were afraid that Lord Henley might prove a serious opponent to Mr. Hume and Mr. Byng—but now we are per suaded that they are in no danger from such a rival. Let them be true to themselves, and Lord Henley's " extensive promises" will find him but third best on the poll.—Morning Advertiser. OLD BAILEY, OCT. 18. OLD COURT. William Chord, a schoolmaster, who had been acquitted in the New Court, OR a charge of stealing a silver milk-pot from Mr. Mott, was indicted for having stolen a silver milk-pot, the property of Mr. Deputy Brooke, silversmith. The prisoner asked to look at the article, and then ran away with it and escaped. Two days afterwards he was apprehended for stealing a similar article from Mr. Mott's shop; he was then found in possession of Mr. Brooke's property. The prisoner,a respectable-looking man, addressed the Court, and stated that his object in having thus obtained the milk-pot was by no means a felonious one, but expressly for the purpose of introducing a pamphlet be had written on the " State of the Cri minal Law," a subject he had at heart. Unable to bring this pamphlet into notice, he struck upon this mode of introducing it (a dangerous, and, as against the laws, a wrong one, he could not but admit) ; still he thought it might succeed, and under this impression, supposing he would be followed and taken before the Lord Mayor, he obtained the milk pot, and, after quitting the shop, stood at some distance from it, but was not followed. Not suc ceeding in his object, he tried the same experiment at the shop of Mr. Mott, a silversmith, and was apprehended. He then gave the first milk-pot he had obtained up to the officer, to whom he stated the object he had in having run away with it, and also the name of the party to whom it belonged ; and added that, during the two days which elapsed after he had taken it, he had watched the newspapers, thinking the circumstance would be advertised, but it was not, which made him very uneasy, and dis appointed him much. The Learned JUDGE said this was as extraordi nary a case as he had ever heard. Had it appeared to him that the prisoner had taken the milk•pot and walked away with it slowly, and with the appear ance of stealing it, he would have stopped the case on the instant. He hoped the Jury, if they were of opinion that he had committed himself by the erroneous view he had taken of the case, would give him the benefit of it. The Jury consulted together, and the general im pression was that the prisoner would have been ac quitted, but they pronounced him Guilty, with a recommendation in his favour to the Court. No man could have received a better character for integrity and humane intentions than the pri soner had the benefit of from numerous very respec table persons. NEW COURT. William Clifford, a schoolmaster, was indicted for stealing a silver milk-pot, laid in the indictment as the property of William Mott. The first witness stated that the prosecutor's name was William Greenhill Mott ; and, on account of the variance in the name, the prisoner was at once acquitted. The prisoner addressed the Court, observing upon the hardship he had suffered in being thus ac cused, and in having the case thus disposed of; and alleging that he was entitled to a full and honoura ble acquittal, which he hoped the Court would pronounce in his favour. He was removed from the bar. It was stated in conversation in Court, that the prisoner had written and published a pamphlet upon the severity of capital punishments; that he had dedicat e d it to Lord Grey, and had done his utmost to draw to it the attention of that Noble Lord; but that failing in doing so—at least to the extent he wished—he had gone into the silversmith's shop, and taken the milk-pot, in order to effect, through the means of the Press, and of the inq u i r y w hi c h such an a c t wou ld g ive rise to, the object he desired. SHERIFFS' COURT.-CHELMSFORD, OCT. 17. BREACH OF MARRIAGE PROMISE.---WALFORD V. STONE This was an inquiry before the Under Sheriff of Essex, held at the Saracen's Head Inn, Chelms ford, to assess damages in an action for breach of promise of marriage, brought by the plaintiff against the defendant, in which the latter had suffered judgment to go by default. Mr. A. S. DOWLING appeared on the part of the plaintiff, and stated the circumstances of the case. The parties, at the time of their becoming acquaint ed with each other, were living in the family of Mr. Byles, a miller, at Kelvedon—the plaintiff in th e si tuation of housekeeper, and the defendant as a jour neyman miller, boarding in the house, with compe tent wages. The plaintiff had maintained an un blemished character, and was highly respected by her master; the defendant also, he believed, was considered a good and faithful servant. The inti macy which subsisted between them, in consequence of the constant intercourse which took place, led to a mutual affection, and the most solemn promise on the part of the defendant that they should be married. In the reliance which those promises produced, the plain tiff unfortunately, by placing unlimited confidence in the pledges of the defendant, admitted that close con nexion which ended in her pregnancy; and, on the discovery of that circumstance, i n S e p tem b er , 1831, she was necessarily obliged to quit her service.— Had it not been for that untoward event, Mr. Byles would have had great pleasure in continuing her under his roof. After she left Mr. Byles's house, the defendant manifested great anxiety that it should appear to the world they had been married, and under ren ewed promises th a t t h e i r un i on s h ou ld ta k e place, he prevailed on the pl a i nt iff to represent her self as his wife. After her accouchement, the plaintiff re turned to Kelved on , an d t h e d e f en d an t rene wed his promise of marriage; but declining to have it performed, the plaintiff returned to London, and having affiliated the child on the defendant, he was ordered .to pay 2s. 6d. a week towards its support. Witnesses having been called to prove the facts above stated, and no Counsel appearing for the de fendant, the 'Under Sheriff summed up, and the Jury, after a short consultation, 'returned a verdict ror the plaintiff—Damages, 601 MIDDLESEX SESSIONS, OCT. 18. LICENSES FOR PUBLIC DANCING AND MUSIC. The Court proceeded to hear applications under the Act of the 25th George 11. cap. 36, for the renewal of licenses heretofore granted for public dancing, music, and other public entertainments of the like kind. Renewal of the following licenses was refused:— White Conduit House; the Eagle Tavern and Grecian Saloon, Shoreditch ; the Orange Coffee house; the Crown Tavern; and the Garrick Theatre. The following applications for new licenses were. refused :—The Yorkshire S'ingo, as a public nuis ance; the Union Tavern, Bagnigge Wells-road; the Northumberland Arms, ditto ; the Eagle, Camden Town; the Royal Clarence Theatre; the Black Horse, Boswell-court ; the White Hart ; the Three Com passes, Mile-End-road ; the Gun Tavern, Poplar ; Rose and Crown, Charlotte-street ; the Rising Sun; the Royal Portman Theatre, Portman-market, re fused, as being unfinished ; the Swan Tavern, HUD.. gerford-market ; the Duchess of Cumberland, Vaux hall-bridge-road; the Northumberland Arms, Clerk enwell green. REFUSAL TO LICENSE THE NEW STRAND THEATRE. Mr. ALLEY applied for this license, and stated that he had a memorial in favour of the theatre, signed by many respectable persons of the neigh bourhood. The memorial was re•+d. Mr. ADOLPHUS opposed it. Mr. Rayner contemplated an entire change in the nature of his performances. The application was refused; and Mr. Rayner was told he had better apply when he should have actually changed the nature of his entertainments. SECOND EDITION. SUN OFFICE, Seven o'clock. THE LONDON GAZETTE THIS EVENING. ST. JAMES'S-PALACE, OCTOBER 12, 1852. The King was this day pleased to confer the honour of Knighthood on Charles Eurwicke Douglas, Esq., King of Arms of the most distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George. WAR-OFFICE, OCTOBER 19, 1832. Ist Regiment of Life Guards—R. Brooke, Gent., to be Cornet and Sub-Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Lord C. P. Clinton, who retires, Oct. 18. 4th Regiment of Dragoon Guards—W. H. Harper, Gent., to Cornet, by purchase, vice Holdsworth, promoted, Oct. 19. 3d Regiment of Light Dragoons—T. M. Cocksedge, Gent. to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Downes, promoted, Oct. 19. sth Regiment of Foot—Captain J. W. King, from the half-pay, to be Captain, vice G. W. Butler, who exchanges, receiving the difference, Oct. 19. 9th Foot—Lieutenant C. Dormer, from the 24th Regiment, to be Lieutenant, vice W. Jackson, who retires on the half-pay of the Royal Staff Corps, Oct. 19. 24th Foot—Lieut. W. G. Hughes, from the half-say of the Royal Staff Corps, to be Lieutenant, vice Dormer, appointed to the 9th Regiment, Oct 19. 57th Foot—J. Hennen, Gent. to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Cutler, whose appointment has not taken place, Oct. 19. 77th Foot, Assistant-Surgeon C. Dealey, from the 15th Light Dragoons, to be Surgeon, vice O'Halloran, deceased, Oct. 19. MEMORANDUM. ... The commission of Deputy Commissary-General M. D. O'Meara has been cancelled from the 4th instant, inclusive, he having accepted a commuted allowance for his half-pay. DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY. WILLIAM THOMAS, THOMAS THOMAS, and ISAAC THOMAS, Narrow-street, Ratcliff, ship-owners. BANKRUPTS. JOHN MAYCOCK COLLINS, Knightsbridge, livery-stable keeper, to surrender Nov. 2, and 3, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Drew, Bermondsey-street; Lackington, Basing. hall.street. BENJAMIN POWIS, St. Helen's-place, merchant, Oct. 26, at two, and Nov. 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Green, King's Arms-yard, official assignee; Kearsey and Hughes, Lothbury. WILLIAM GE LD A RD. Denmark-street, Soho, currier, Oct. 26, and Nov. 10, at ten, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Vincent, Bedford-street, Bedford-square. WILLIAM HULME, Manchester, draper, Nov. 5,6, and 3 1 , at two, at the Star Inn, Manchester. Johnson and Weather all. Temple, London; Booth and Harrison, Manchester JOHN WILSON HODGSON, Wigton, Cumberland, com mon-brewer, Oct. 26, and Nov. 30, at elevon, at the King's Arms Inn, Wigton. Addison, Verulam-building6, Gray's Inn, London • Lightfoot, Wigton. WILLIAM WATSON MARSH, 0 x ford-street, bookseller, Nov. 2, and 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Lane, Argyle-street ; Clark. St. Swithin's-lane, official assignee. JOHN C HANNON, Piccadilly, dealer, Oct. 30, at one, and Nov. 30, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Hensman, Queen-street -place, Upper Thames-street; Turquand, Copthall buildings, official assignee. JOHN LYON, jun., Salford Lancashire, malt-dealer, Nov. 12, 14, and 29, at two, at the Spread Eagle Inn, Manchester.— Adlington, Gregory, and Faulkner, Bedford-row, London ; Law, Manchester. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. J. A. Fletcher and Wm. Neville, surgeons. B. and H. Joseph, Bristol, jewellers. T. Shade and H.R.I Martin, High.street, Shadwell, tobacco. manufacturers. H. Shuttleworth and W. Wartnaby, jun. Market-Harborough attorneys. W. Wright and H. Gamble, Grenville.street, Brunswick. square, surgeons. J. Webb and J. Sanderson, Manchester, screw-bolt-makers. . . G. and W. Royston, and J. Slack, Manchester, smallware-ma. nufacturers. R. and J. Seaton, Merthyrtidvil, tea-dealers. J. and S. S. Cory, Dorset, Surgeons. H. and S. Rawson, Manchester, hosiers. M. Simms and S. Powell, Bath, silk-mercers. G. Stonier and G. Haymiood, Derby, brass.tounders. J. Podger and G. Watmough, Jew's Harp. Wharf, Regent's- Park. Basin, coal merchant. J. Wiley and W. Hughes, Bristol, cabinet-makers. THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. It is supposed that in Europe cotton cloth was first manufactured in the commercial states of Italy. By others, it is said, that the first at tempts to manufacture cotton goods were made by the people of the Low Countries. But the latter is doubted by several writers, who suppose that from Italy it made its way into the Nether lands, and that it was brought from thence to this country by Protestant refugees, about the end of the sixteenth or beginning of the seventeenth century. The spindle and distaff are said to have been introduced into this country only in the reign of Henry VIII., but were soon laid aside upon the invention of the well-known machine called the spinning-wheel, which, in a commercial point o f view, was no great improvement ; but for many years it continued the only machine used for the s o p f in t ni of the last last cotton century, i b o o e u the me of e t ase of i d t d h le e manufacture of cotton goods increased the de mand for yarn, insomuch, that a pause would naturally have ensued, and beyond which there could have been no advance, but with the slow and gradual increase of population ; but as the demand for goods increased, various contrivances were attempted for expediting the process of spinning ; and several men of genius directed their attention to it, but all with equal want of success, until the invention of the spinning jenny, in 1767, by James Hargreaves. The form of this machine, and the incident that sug gested the first idia of it to his mind, have already been mentioned. Its invention gave a new im pulse to the cotton manufacture, by increasing the produce of yarn, and with it the demand for cotton goods. Cylinder cards were invented some time previous to the invention of the jenny, and prepared the cotton for it, by which the progress of the manufacture was greatly fa cilitated. It seems uncertain who was the in ventor of the cylinder cards ; but it is known that the father of the late Sir Robert Peel erected one at Blackburn, with the assistance of Har greaves, as early as the year 1762. Hargreaves is also said to have been the first who employed the stock card, used in the woollen trade, in the carding of cotton. But this ingenious man was not allowed to reap the fruits of his own inventions in peace ; for the popular prejudice being raised against him—as the people who had hitherto earned their subsistence by hand-spin ning conceived that the spinning -machine in vented by him would cause their ruin. Works for laying down an ron irailroad from Bourg to Lyons have just been commenced. DUTCH PIPERS. THE HAGUE, Om 16.—The Second Chamber of the States-General was employed to day in preliminary busi• nes., appointing a Committee to examine the validity Of the elections of the new members, and choosing three can didates for the office of President. The three members chosen were, Messrs. Collot d'Escury, Asch Van W)cict and Byleveld. The Assembly adjourned without fixing a day for the next sitting. His Royal Highness the Prince of Orange, who came on Sunday morning from the army, to be present at the opening of the session of the States General, will set out again fair the army this evening. The army has been again augmented by a fine squadron of hussars. Several detachments of infantry have been sent to re in'orce the several corps of the army. Measures of precau tion continue to be taken in case hostilities should unex pectedly be renewed. The great reserve part is removed from Gertruidenberg to Oss, probably on account of inun dations in the vicinity of the former place, or of Raini donk. There is also a report that it is contemplated to lay under water part of the country between Breda and Bergen-op-Zoom. The works at Terheide are forwarded with great activity. The artillery with the army is in the finest condition. The field artillery is said to amount to 130 piec,s of cannon. We learn from the Rhine that the water in that river is lower than it has been for many years at this season. The navigation of the river is greatly impeded by this. The steam-hoats between Cologne and 31eniz continue to TOP but take no goods, and should the water fall two or three inches, this too must st ,, p. This extremely low state of the water is ascribed, first, to there having been so little snow last winter; and in the second place to the want of heat in the summer, as that the snow on the mountains has not been mel ed. We have Jiva papers to the 3d of July, which shot , / that the insurrection of the Chinese is completely quelled. The Governor-General, however, had, by a decree of the 19th of May, withdrawn the licence granted on the 26th of July, 1831, to bring to Java a certain number of IV bourers from China, to be employed in agriculture 50 4 manufactures, be ause " experience has proved that the plan has nt t answered the end proposed, and has only Jed .0 the importation into the island of the refuse of the Chinese, who were dangerous to the public tranquillity, as the late events at Kiowang have shown." It is much to he regretted that the active naturalist M. Mack!ot has lost his life in these events, and that hi s MSS• and the fruits of his travels and researches in Java and the least known parts of the Indian Archipelago were a pill to the Rim, s. A resolution of the Governor-General of the 26th of May orders the establishment of a school for the Javanese language at Socra Karta, in which ton young Europes° are to be qualified to converse and to write in the Javanree language. From an account of the events on the west coast of Su• matra to the Ist of 11I4y, it appears that the hostile at' tempts of the Prairies had been completely defeated. DUTCH FUNDS.—Ams - rEenAm: 0cr..16. Actual Debt, 2% per cent - 40% to 41% Amort Syndic, 4k per cent... 69% to 70% Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent to Voluntary Loan, 1831, 6 per cent 96% to 97 Ditto, ditto, 1832, 5 per cent — to Exchange on London, one month ...... 12 20 to 12 17g Ditto, two months- l2 15 to 12 12% 'Dutch Papers, Oct. 16. RECORDER'S REPORT. Yesterday the Recorder made a Report to his Majesty o f the prisoners in Newgate capitally convicted at the 1 10 July sessinns,—viz. Henry Otter, 18, and William Jon* 25, for housebreaking ; and Levy de S zer, 21, for hiale way ro'.b:ry. Also of those convicted at the last Septen b 3r srssiens-,—viz., Samuel Fisher, 19 ; John Anderson, 26' Thomas Dubber, 21 ; William Jones, 19 ; Henry So ith , 17 ; dienry Trevillian, 20 ; Richard Robbins, 17 ; Jai° Elwo3d, 25 ; James Field, 34 ; John Gregg, alias Hurley , 23 ; Charlotte Lloyd, 23; Charles Wilson, alias Georg e Mumford, alias Smith, 27 ; Thomas Ford, 29 ; 'Mol e Anderson, 24 ; and Henry Cross, 23, for houeebreakl o % John Wilson, 20 ; George Towers, 30 ; William Adanie , 21 ; Samuel Austin, 25 ; and Sarah Newman, 17, f el. , highway robbery. Francis Sha' roe, 60, and Thomas FU " ler, 48, for cutting and maiming. Also of the five fo i ; lowing, convicted at the May sessions of uttering a for t will, viz., Andrew Morgan, 52 ; John Dalton, 29 ' Elizabeth Peacock, alias Paternoster, 49 ; Thomas Fulle r ; 44 ; and C. rnelius Driscoll, 41. All of whom his Maie et i was graciously pleased to respite during his Royal pleasure' THE MARKETS. SOUTHALL MARKET.—Oct. 17. This day's supply of Sheep and Beasts was g oo d ; o f ,Laeo Calves, and Porkers, rather limited. The market was raltd numerously attended both by London and country buyers the trade was dull throughout, at the following prices per stop of 81b. to sink the dials:— Beef 10d. to 38.10 d. 3s. Ell to 4 5 i. 9'1 9 Mutton I 6 4 6 Pork 4 0 . . _ Lamb ds. 10d. to 4s. 10d. dsf The foregoing quotations are the same as those of this ,a• se'nnight. Beasts, 145• Sheep and Lambs, 2,310; Calves"? lei ' Pigs, 45. A considerable number of the Sheep and Beasts the market unsold. —....." HAI LSHADI MARKET.—Oct. 17. 46. Beef 3s. Od. to 3s. Bd. 4s. Od. to rg Diutton I 3 6 4 8 Pork 310 ' 2 Lamb 4s. Od. to 4s. Bd. Supply good, and trade ARUNDEL MARKET.—Oct. 16. 4 11 ' 8,ef............,.......25. 101 to 3s. 10d. Vea1—.....—.. 3s. 10d. to 45,4 Mutton ............3 6 4 6 I P0rk—................. 310 4 Lamb 3s. Bd. to 4s. Sd. A good supply, and a sluggish ttate._________,.." CHICHESTER MARKET.—Oct. 17. 4 4 ; 8eef—........—. 2s. Sd. to 3s. 8d Vea1...............—... 3s. 10d. to 4s 0 Mutton ....., 1 3 4 4 6 I Pork.--.. 310 1 amb 3s. Ekl. to 4s. M. Supply of both fat and lean stock good, and trade with esr) very dull. e,E I S COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING 1116 -- am - .. .....- W heat. Barley. Oats. .... 1 .... 1cf. ..............• .........• go Per quarter. s. to s. s , s . s . to s. 8 . I ' a 41 Blandford -----.., 53 35 22 3 8rigg....—.................—. 52 63 36 40 19 22 3 1 97 Cambridge----. 50 29 16 •—• P, Chard ........................ 52 56 28 34 IS 22 Huntingdon—. 58 63 28 36 17 24 , 31, Long Sutton---.. 56 64 17 22 ...,: 54 al Louth . 50 55 27 32 19 20 a. D.' Lynn 56 64 28 32 22 28 PI 3 g , Newark .........--.. 58 64 33 40 18 24 ..,, 4 , Nottingham —. 54 66 44 21 24 8 50 Peterborough.....,. 56 63 32 36 19 25 33 Plymouth —.... . 50 64 30 34 20 23 -- #' .... II Pontefract--, . 67 43 27 Sleaford w Up i 11 ec ing h ht ................. m --...... 4558 C48)5 20 4 24 0 20 1 24 f/ C.—Oct. 16. 52s to 1, " 503 to q r s s, ss3. 32 s to 30s to 21s. to •—„. 335. to 4,.• 235. to ng. Ild to 1254 61 ',104, 265. to 28s. pt ify Foreign. —I. to LEEDS CORN MARKET Wheat, Norfolk and Suffolk, 601 b. - York. and Lincoln. 601 b. Barley, Norfolk and Suffblk - Yorkshire and Lincolnshire - Grinding Beans 63lb. Oats, Potatoe -Healing, For. 12d. to 13d. Shelling Rapeseed; English. 161 to 13s tvt._ 16. au, LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANUE.--- WHEAT, English, White, per 701 b. Rd -- Scotch, We e lch, and Manx 1 Red 6lO g Foreign 8 9 9 is 4 * 2 o oars, English, Welsh, a nd Scotch, per 451 b 0 ---- Irish u ,, 9 --- Foreign 2 3 OO BARLEY, English, Maltin g , per Imp. quarter 34 ° 49 10 Scotch and Irish, per 601bs. ---- Feeding 3lO 3 8 BEANS, English, per Imperial quarter 36 ° 3 4 6 ---- Irish, &c. Foreign PEASE, English, per Imperial quarter 3B 00 58 0 Foreign FLOUR, English, per 2801 b. 45 ~0 4 , 0 - Irish OATMEAL, English and Irish, per 2401bs 9 :2 0 90 0 INDIAN CORN, per 4401 b. RYE, per Imperial quarter MALT, per Imperial quarter ,r, f IMPORT OF GRAIN for the Week ending Oct. ' — of7 Wheat.' Oats. I Barley Flour. Qrs. Qrs. Qrs. IForeign, Brlalrish,&c. Sc vd 9,391 8,869 903 0 i 1,594 H. O H n i t o h o e b l e s r t:hin sg st .; o at f a St d a a b o b g ß e h r l t y ll e , , T S . H om --- ersetshire, 00,0: 4 ; 1: MARRIED. ..... On the 16th inst. at St. Pancras_ , Mr. W. L. Billingra y ham, Notts, surgeon, to Emma Mary, second daug hw: oet o Hallett, Esq., of M orn i ng t o n-crescent. On the 18th inst. a t B a sing, Hants, C. Ring, Esq2,.. ° „ f tb, l 4 , commons, and Streatham, Surrey, to Eliza Sarah o• foo/ daughter of R. Booth, Esq., of Basing-house. 1 1 ' SO' On the 15th of August, at Brockville, Canada, 0 1 4 O A' Esq , Assistant-Commissary-General, son of Vice-A °•- 0., ser, J. Foote, K. C. B. t o Ch a rlotte, daughter of Dr. tiu"'lStff, On the 17th inst. at St. Leonard's, Shoreditch. J. ": 0 0P" Esq., Prospect-house, Enfield, to Elizabeth Downes , s coo ll viving daughter of G. Wildbore, Esq., of Shoreditch . e je On the 16th inst. at St. George's Church, Live r P o > youngest 8011 of R. Barradaile, Esq., of Balham, to daughter of T. Tobin, Esq., of Liverpool. oN DIED. v ot On the 13th inst., suddenly, at Burlington, in the.. 130° of the county of York, Lieutenant-General G odir " Lord Macdonald. Cha eo On the 15th inst. at Brighton, in his Slat year, o f +' Esq., of Westfield-lodge. • On the 17th inst. Rebecca, wife of Mr. Charle s milton.place, North Brixton, aged 56. C. Sl ' d On the 17th inst. in Upper Stamford-street, _., Esq., late of Kingston , in the island of Jamaica, ageuvery'„, On the 17th inst. at , Hastings, after a short but ffr' illness, Alary, the eldest daughter of James Lam be Bedford.row, London. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURD O Y 0 u / 4, 1 go . SUN OFFICE, 112, STRAND, LONDON