The Sun. — London, England, 1832-08-30 00:00:00

THE CANADAS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,---ln the Morning Post of the 20th instant I observe an extract from a letter, dated Montreal, animadverting in no very gracious spirit on the Cal nadians, and remarking that they have not yet forgot the event of the 21st May, and presuming a coali tion, for party purposes, of the Hon. M. Viger, de- legate in this country from the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, and Mr. Mgienzie (who has come from Upper Canada with petitions from the inhabitants for redress of grievances), with Mr. Hume and Mr. Labouchiere. I have had the opportunity of being well acquaint= ed with Lower Canada, and all classes of its tants, without having then or now any interest di ructly or indirectly in the country, further than the interest I take in the prosperity of the province, as a great and important integral part of the British Empire; and viewing it in no other position, I take upon me to make a few observations relative to the colony, and the character of the Canadians. During the unhappy administration of Lord Dal. housie, severe and unconstitutional proceedings were instituted by the Executive against the Canadiansi and supported by a clique, composed of placemen, ho glutted in the revenue of the country and the industry of the people, and who, no doubt, misled the Governor, as they had done his predecessors. 'The appointments to office under the Secretaryship of Lord Bathurst are ever to be remembered in the colonies with detestation; places of profit, trust, and, power, were filled up with little regard to adaptation for the respective offices, provided it suited the views of the Minister or his friends. In fact, cupidity has been the order of the day and year, in making Canadian appointments, from the time General Murray wrote his celebrated letter* on Canada to the Lords of trade and plantations. I may observe, as an example among many others I know of, that of the son of the present Chief Justice of the province, a Protestant, receiving a salary of 2001 per annum, until within the last two years us Missionary to the Jesuits. Did you ever, Mr, Editor, hear of so ingeniously-contrived an appoint.; ment. When I tell you that the order of Jesuiti was abolished in Canada 70 years ago, and that the Wit of the Canadian Jesuits, Jean Joseph Cazot, died about the time that the said Protestant Missionary t o the Jesuits was born. Sir James Kempt, during his very temporary ad ministration of the government, efftcred much good in Canada. He immediately approved of the elec, tion of Mr. Papineau, who had been twice rejected; to please the Anti-Canadian party, by his predecese sor, as speaker of the Legislative Assembly ; and he had also the good sense to bring Mr. Viger into the Legislative Council. Had Sir James Kempt remained long enough in Canada to have appointed an honest intelligent magistracy, the military slaughter of the 21st Mey last would not have taken place. This. event, as it is termed in the Morning Post, is pro bably the most serious and lamentable affair that has: occured in the Colonies since the battle of Lexing ton. The details are not lengthy. A vacancy oc curred in the representation of the city of Montreal,: which afforded the Anti-Canadian party the oppor-• ;unity of committing a most indefensible outrage.- 1 1 / 4 1. Tracy, who has since died of cholera, was the proprietor and editor of the Vindicator newspaper, which he conducted with great ability and honesty; feet in rindicating the Canadians, their enemies con stared his language into a libel on themselves, and succeeded in having him imprisoned. The citizens of Montreal resolved afterwards on electing him to represent them in the Provincial Parliament. The Anti-Canadian party, which in cluded the magistrates of the city, determined at the - ogle time, at all hazards, to "put him down," and . to prevent his election. On the 21st May last, when they discovered that his election was certain, unless they dispersed the electors, they, the magis trates, under pretence of alarm for the peace of the' eeey, ordered out the troops, and commanded them to fire on the populace, several of whom were hillyd and wounded, all Canadians, without arms of :ley kind, The cannon of the batteries were also ranged so as to scour the streets. The above is the fact. What would the people of Eng- Jibed say if a similar outrage were committed dialog an election in this kingdom? No one acquainted with the Canadians can deny that they are as loyal as any of his Majesty's sub jects, nor are there to be found a more orderly or moral people. Yet have they and their represen tatives been hitherto treated with contempt, and often with severity, by men in power in the colonies, especially by a party consisting of mono poi zers of offices, and of men of confined views as sociated with them. This Anti-Canadian party, I may observe, have always combined to poison the minds of the governors of Canada against the Ca nadians; and, with the exception of General Murray, the first Governor, and Sir James Kempr,havealways succeeded. I may, perhaps, also except Sir JAI) Coope Sherbrooke. Mr, Viger, who is now in London as the agent of the Legislative Assembly, and who is the last man in the worid who would form a coalition for party purpose, was, on account of his talents, and the esteem in which he was always held by the people of Canada, brought into the Legislative Court by Sir James Kempt. Mr. Viger is a gen tleman of polite address, great intelligence, classical education, and a philosophic turn of mind. His whole heart and soul are devoted to the great object ,wt strengthening the connection between this Go vernment and his countrymen. In 1763 the population of all Canada was only 76,000. At present there are in Lower Canada alone about 600,000 ; of these more than 500,000 are C medians, the affections and confidence of all of whom are held by Mr. Viger, their representative. j.his country, than whom no man from the colo pie, eiipuld be more respectfully received, nor more: 4ttentiyeiy listened to by his Majesty's Govern ment. The loyelty of the Canadians will, in fact, be greatly influenced by the consideration given by Ministers to Mr. Viger's representations, and the respect shown to himself. Those acquainted with the sad story of American independence are well? aware of the consequence of the treatment of Frank lin and other delegates by the then Ministry. I believe Lord Goderich incapable of such conduct ; but when we consider the position in which Canada' etends in respect to the United States; that the boundary question is not likely to be readily ad justed; that the bravery and loyalty of the Cana-' diens saved the province during the last American ;wee • that the militia of Lower Canada alone con siste r pi more than 82,000 enrolled men, divided into /2 batraiipm, and commanded by 2,440 officers, enei also of fop companies of cavalry, and two bat talions of volunteers, making the effective force of i the colony about 85,000 strong, able and willing to 0.4 arms ; when we consider also the importance lef elle Palladian trade, employing in the direct trade 'ith Qree r t Britain about 800 ships and 10,000 seamen, 4nd in the West India inter-colonial trade nearly 300 vessels; and the vast numbers who are ppligrating from these kingdoms, principally indeed tor Upper Canada, but necessarily through the lower province—the affairs of Canada require the most serious attention of his Majesty's Government on great national grounds. JUNIUS COLONUS. London, 27th August, 1832 See MacGregor's British America, Vol. 11. page 331 The following are the returns of the number of ships and their aggregate tonnage, British and foreign, that have entered the port of London with cargoes from foreign parts during the six months ended sth July, 1831 and 2, showing the proportion of the same employed in the importation of corn :—Six months to sth July, 1831, British ships, total 1,904, tons 345,743 ; ships wholly laden with corn 314, tonnage 38,487 ; ships partly laden with corn 65, tonnage 11,220 ;—foreign ships, total 840, tompfiliT s .l4l,l9s ; ships wholly laden with corn 390, teenage! 55,063 ; partly laden with corn 57, tonnage 11,002• 'bra months ending sth July, 1832, British ships, total 1,32 G, tonnage 262, 582 ; ships wholly laden with corn 43, tonnage 5,717 ; partly laden with corn 22, tonnage 4,49 - 9 ; —foreign ships, total 428, tonnage 70,571 ; ships wholly laden with corn 98, tonnage 14,73'7 ; partly laden : with corn 17, tonnage 3,819. SCOTTISH ELECTORS. ABERDEEN.-On Monday night, the Town Clerk de clared 2,159 claims were lodged with him. The number of claims given in is far greater than was anticipated. ARBROATH.-The number of persons claiming to be ranked as voters for the Arbroath district, under the Re form Bill, is exactly 500. AYR.-For this burgh only 255 have registered, out of a constituency of between 400 and 500. BRECHIN.-The number enrolled in Brechin is 237. CLYDE DISTRICT OF BURGHS.-Kilmarnock, 614 ; Port Glasgow, 202 ; Dumbarton, 161 ; Rutherglen, 156 ; Renfrew, 77. Total, 1,210. CUPAR DISTRICT.-The numbers registered are as fol low :—ln Cupar, 254 ; St. Andrew's, 254 ; Crail, 46 ; Kilrenny, 36 ; Easter Anstruther, 66 ; Wester Anstru ther, 20; Pittenweem, 62. In all, 733. DUMFRIES. —Up to Mond iy night, when the books were closed, about '715 voters had enrolled for Dumfries and Mixwelhown. Do N BAR.-The number ofclaims lodged amount to 148. A considerable number of claims were taken out which have not been returned. DYSART.—At the conclusion of our registration, there were in this burgh 110 voters. ELGIN.—The number of enrolled voters for' Elgin is 310. The number in Banff and Macduff jointly is 198. The number of voters in the county of Elgin, as near as can be ascertained, is from 600 to 700. GREENOCK.—The number of voters registered is 1.024. INVERNESS DISTRICT.—In Inverness, 604; Forres, 183 ; Nairn, SO ; Fortrose, 50. In all, 917. KIRMEMUIR —About 200 voters in this town and parish have qualified to vote at the first election. MONTROSE.—The number of electors registered in this place is 492. The gross number in the district is about 1,570. PAISLEY.—The total number of persons who have taken out claims in terms of the Reform Bill, to be elec tors for this town, amounts only to 1,260. PERTH. —The electors of Perth seem to set more value upon the franchise than those of most places in England, although here the registration fees are so much higher. Nine hundred and thirty-three were enrolled on Monday evening. This number probably comprises all who have any ground of claim within the limits. 'STIRLING.-The voters enrolled in Stirling amount to 366. TAIN.-The number of claims lodged with the town clerk of this burgh is 54. There have been 900 claims registered in Dumbarton shire, of which 280, or thereby, are in the parishes of Kirkintilloch and Cumbernauld. RATE-PAYERS. PARISHES OF ST. PANCRAS AND CLERKENWELL. Returns by the Churchwardens and Overseers of the Poor of the parishes of St. Pancras and Clerkenwell, in the county of Middlesex, showing the total number of rate payers of the said perishes, who, on or before the 20th day of July last, had paid the Assessed Taxes and Poor Rates due on or before the sth day of April last PARISH OF ST. PANCRAS. Number of Rate-payers Number of persons who had paid the Assessed Taxes and Poor Rates due on or before the sth day of April last 5,801 TIMMS and SCADDING, Clerks to the Directors of the Poor of St. Pancras, Middlesex. PARISH OF ST. JAMES, CLERKENWELL, The number of persons rated at 101. and upwards who have occupied for twelve months and upwards in Clerkenwell, are 13,562 The number who have paid their Poor Rate of the above before or on the 20th of July last, are 2,871 GEORGE SELBY, Aug. 6, 1832. Vestry Clerk of Clerkenwell. (Advertisement.) KEY TO POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE. A COMPANION TO THE SPECTATOR. DItiTRIBIITED (iRATIi TO SI "BsCRIHk:RS, IN A MONTHLY SUPPLEMENT. There is great solicitude, apparently, that properly qua. lified persons should be elected to serve in the Reformed Parliament. It is a question whether this or that com munity shall or shall not demand Pledges, or specific en gagements always to maintain particular opinions ; and if candidates are diffident, or object to decide or promise on great and intricate questions now and for ever, there is an outcry. Does it ever occur to the Electors to consider their own qualifications for deciding upon these very ques tions? Do they ever. reflect how they have come to this or that conclusion, and whether their education and ex perience has enabled them to form sound opinions upon hard matters ? The instruction of Electors is, in truth, as important as the integrity and ability of the Representatives. Un less Voters themselves are well-informed on the subjects respecting which they demand the sentiments of Candi dates, they will neither know what questions to ask, nor how to decide upon the answers. At present, political information is supposed to come by inspiration—for no oi:e ever studies its elements or pursues it as a science ; and yet every one considers himself competent to decide on the most important points of the national interest. Even the newspaper, to be properly understood, re quires a cultivation which few have had ; and indeed, it is not easy to say where it could be procured. There are teachers and lecturers of all kinds except in political know ledge. Ordinary journalis's and speakers discuss particular questions, or parts of them, according to the views or wants of the day ; but there are none who have supplied ample materials and grounds for judging and deciding all questions in which the interests of the country may be concerned. This can only be done by arranging and con densing, in some accessible form, the principles and prac tice of the great State business, as it is conducted. In any j urnal, it would be difficult to find space for the development of the State machinery—to exhibit its working—to examine the taw m aerial on which it is employed, and the nature and us. es of its manufacture. In the Spectator, large as it is, the claims on its space are such as to render it often difficult to pack up in its columns the ordinary supply of matter. An expedient, has, how ever, keen hit upon, which, though involving unprece dented labour and expense, still promises advantages of so striking a nature as to authorise the Proprietors of the Spectator to run the risk, with the certainty of doing a valuable service to the Constituency of the country, and at the same time the hope of establishing another claim upon die public, which may ultimately he considered and dis charged. In a MONTHLY SUPPLEMENT to the SPECTATOR, Of a size. equal to the newspaper itself, and wholly devoted to the exposition of the business of the House of Com slons, in its character of the grand tribunal of Trade, Commerce, Taxation, Revenue, Expenditure, and generally of inter nal and external Legislation, we shall be able, by means of systematic arrangement and tabular exhibition, to put into the hands of our subscribers (gratis), in the course of a few months, a body of Political Knowledge—a Key to Parliamentary Information—a Text-book for both Elec tor and Candidate, wherein the one will learn what he ought to require, and the other what it is his duty to do. By way of exemplification of our views, we will men tion the proposed object of the First Supplement ; which it is intended to dedicate wholly to THE WORKING OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. We shall exhibit in detail the manner in which that branch of the Legislature performs its functions : considering the House as a vast and com plicated power, we shall examine in what way that power is effectually applied to the transaction of affairs, and pro. bably be enabled to suggest some improvement in its ap plication, which may be deemed of importance. Under the various heads of Attendance, Economy of Time, Faci lities for Business, Promulgation of Proceedings, &c., we shall render the House transparent to the world, and, as it were, put the Legislature under a glass hive, through which the observer may inspect the labour of his bees, and what is more, detect the slumbers of his drones, at his pleasure. Succeeding Supplements will be of equal importance according to the opportunities that occur. The Second will probably be set apart to the grand subject of Finance; another to Currency, the Bank, and Banks in general ; another to the Cokmies; another to the Corn Laws, and so on. The manner will be altogether expository, and not dogmatical. The object continually kept in view will be, that each Supplement shall supply ample and well-arranged materials, so as to enable the Elector to make up his mind fully and satisfactorily on some one branch of Political Knowledge, and subsequently retain the Whole, as a guide and friend of easy access, to which he may apply when any doubt or difficulty occurs in the course of the exercise of his political dude+. The First Supplement (subject, THE WORKING OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS) will be published in London on the 29th September ; and will be despatched to every town in the kingdom, by the Booksellers' Monthly Parcels, on the Ist October. Those Subscribers in the Country who reside in situations where it would he incon venient to receive their copies otherwise than by post, may be accommodated with stamped copies, for the price of the snoop duty merely, on giving notice, a week before the publication of each Number, throti . : . 4l the Newsy. niter or Bookseller who supplies them. 3, Wellington-street, 22ti August, 1831. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. EGHAM RACES, Aua. 29. It would require more than ordinary ingenuity to ima gine any thing so wretched as the racing this day ; its only commendable feature was extreme consistency, for every thing was alike bad ; the rain was incessant, the Course ankle deep in dirt, the company thin, and the sport execrable ; to make matters worse, the Royal Family_ were non est inventus, and Tippo's marquees untenanted. The demand for cloaks, umbrellas, and clogs was extensive ; in the latter articles the trade was unusually brisk, especi- ally on the Course, for we noticed more than one attempt to " gammon" Gentlemen out of their caleshes, at prices much beyond the market quotation.. The various stands must have turned out bad speculations, for, with the ex ception of that appropriated to the betting men, all were empty. The only members of the fashionable world who had pluck" enough to defy the weather were—the Duke of Richmond, Lord George Lennox, Hon. F. Berkeley, Hon. G. Berkeley, Hon. B. Craven, Sir M. Wood, Sir F. Bathurst, Colonel Salwey, and one or two others. In the betting stand a few St. Leger bets were made, at 7 to 1 agst Retainer ; 7 to 1 agt Nicotris ; 9 to 1 agst Har grave; 15 to 1 agst Ludlow; and 15 to 1 agst Fang; the rest as before. A strong muster of sporting men is expected to morrow, and some important betting on the great race is likely to take place. The following brief account will suffice for the amuse ments of the afternoon : The Surrey and Middlesex Stakes of 25 soy. each, 15 ft., Two miles and a distance. Mr. J. Day's Liston Lord Uxbridge's f. by Sultan Capt. Martyn's Misletoe .. The heavy state of the ground, and his well-known quality for going well through dirt, made Liston the fa vourite at 3 to 1 agst the field ; 5 to 1 was laid agst Misle toe, and Bto 1 agst f. by Sultan. Liston made all the running, and won very easy by three lengths. Misletoe was beaten in the first mile. The winner ridden by Pa vis. This is about the 42d race old Liston has won. The MagnA Charta Stakes of 50 soy. each, h. ft., for three yrs old. A mile. Sir G. Heathcote's Damascus walked over. Produce Sweepstakes of 50 soy. each. This race was off. The Hopeless Stakes of 5 soy. each, and 30 added. Heats, about two miles. The winner to be sold for SO soy. Mr. Thomas's Blinker 1 1 Mr. Oliver's Don Antonio Mr. Gardnor's King William 3 dr This was truly a "hopeless" affair ; the horses ran up to their fetlocks in mud and in the midst of a heavy shower. In the first beat Blinker's superior strength made quick work with the other two, notwithstanding he had travelled from Epsom in the morning ; the second beat he won in a common canter. Rode by G. Walker; King William the favourite before the first heat, and any odds on Blinker after. It is stated confidently that their Alajesties will be pre sent to-morrow (this day.) PONTEFRACT MEETING, AUG. 28. Sweeps. of 30 sovs. each, 10 sovs. ft. for three yrs. old colts and fillies. One mile and three quarters. Mr. Houldsworth's br. c. Davis 1 Sir J. Beresford's eh. c. by Comus 2 Mr. Patric ch. 1. Lady Barbara 3 Lord Sligo's b. c. Westport 4 The Stapleton Stakes of 50 sovs. each h. ft. for 2 yrs. old colts and fillies. T.Y.C. Mr. J. Scott's br. c. Connoisseur walked over. Pro'auce Stakes of 50 gs : each, h. ft. for 3 yrs. old. One mile and three quarters. Mr. N. Ridsdale's b. c. Burgomaster 1 Mr. Houldsworth's b. f. Persian 2 Fifty pounds given by the Town. H.V.S. Jerningham, one of the Members for the Borough of Pontefract, for horses, &e. of all ages. Heats one mile and a quarter. Mr. T. Gascoigne's b. f. Diana, 4 yrs 3 1 1 Sir J. Gerard's br. h. Rex, 5 yrs 1 2 2 Mr. Loy's br. c. Lelevo, 3 yrs 2 3 ilr TORY PLEDGES. I pledge myself, through thick and thin, To labour still, with zeal devout, To get the Outs, poor devils, in, And turn the Ins, the wretches, out. I pledge myself, though much bereft Of ways and means of ruling ill, To make the most of what are left, And stick to all that's rotten still. Though gone the days of place and pelf, And drones no more take all the honey, I pledge myself to cram myself With all I can of public money. To quarter on that social purse My nephews, nieces, sisters, brothers, Not, so we prosper, care a curse How much 'tis at th' expense of others. I pledge myself, whenever Right And Might on any point divide, Nat to ask which is black or white, But take, at once, the strongest side. For instance, in all Tithe discussions, I'm for the Reverend encroachers : I loathe the Poles, applaud the Russians, — Am for the Squires, against the Poachers Betwixt the Corn-Lords and the Poor I've not the slightest hesitation, — The People must be starv'd, t' insure The Land its due remuneration. I pledge myself to be no more With Ireland's wrongs beprosed or shamm'd ;- 1 vote her grievances a bore, So she may suffer, and be d—d, Or if she kick, let it console us, We still have plenty of redcoats, To cram the Church, that general bolus, Down any giv'n amount of throats. I dearly love the Frankfort Diet, — Think newspapers the worst of crimes ; And would, to give some chance of quiet, Hang all the writers of the Times ; Break all their correspondent's bones, All authors of " Reply," " Rejoinder," From the Anti-Tory, Colonel J—es, To the Anti-Suttee, Mr. P—ynd—r. Such are the Pledges I propose, And though I can't now offer gold, There's many a way of buying those Who've but a taste for being sold. So here's, with three times three hurrahs, A toast, of which you'll not complain,— " Long life to jobbing ; may the days " Of Peculation shine again !" Times. HOP INTELLIGENCE.—The plantations near Maidstone continued to improve until Saturday; since then the high winds and colder weather will, we fear, stop their growth, and diminish their quantity and qua lity. From the Weald of Kent we have various reports; at some places slight improvement, and at others not so good. The Sussex plantation has generally improved ; and the East Kent we consider likely to produce about half of an average crop. We calculate the picking will com mence about the 12th of September. Duty called 156,0001. which we consider too high. The plantations in the neighbourhood of Cranbrook have somewhat improved ; and should the weather be favourable this week, two thirds of the grounds will produce a fair crop. The grounds of 'garden and adjoining villages have made con siderable progress in appearance within the last week ; and we now anticipate more hops in these grounds, which have been much affeled by honey and lice, than we a short time ago expected.—Maidstone Gazette. ADVERTISEMENT.—TEMPERANCE.--W e should study as much as possible those habits which tend to establish a healthful system. Temperance is to the body what peace is to the mind; if the former be studied, the latter will follow in a great or small degree. As the present period contains more dangers to the bodily system than we have hitherto met with at this portion of the year, it behoves us to use stricter precautions, therday rearing a defence against the evils which surround us. If the ac tions of the stomach are rendered unhealthy, we find a lassitude, and the blood, instead of having a free circula tion, is propelled upwards in greater quantities than is re quired by nature. The head being inflamed by the cause we have mentioned, it requires an aid to lessen the heat. If we throw over it a covering which excludes the atmos phere, we render it still more inflamed ! but, if the texture will act as a ventilator, we lessen the inflammation. Some hats, by their great weight, will add to the evil, while others, by their lightness and ventilatin 4 qualities, will materially lower its strength. The latter kind of hats we have met with at Duggin and Co.'s Manufactory, in Newgate-street, the excellent properties of which are assi milated to our opinion. As a proof that these bats are properly appreciated, we can state that extensive orders are sent for them from India, where any think of a trivial weight upon the head would at once be rejected. Yesteiday, a young woman, in a fit of disap pointed love, swallowed a large quantity (480 drops) of laudanum, with a view to put an end to her life. The act, however, soon became known, and she was carried to the Royal Infirmary, where means to counteract the poison were successfully employed, and she was pronounced out of danger last night.— Caledonian Merc4ry, LITERATURE. LECTURES ON THE STEAM-ENGINE, BY THE REV. DIONYSIUS LARDNER, LL.D., &c. LONDON. TAYLOR. The above work has reached its fourth edi tion, but has received such considerable addi tions as to contain double the matter it formerly did. The new matter is of a most interesting description, consisting chiefly of an account of the Liverpool railway, and of the preparations for working steam-carriages upon turnpike roads. This subject is of such vast importance to the nation at large—for there cannot be a doubt that it is upon steam power that we shall ere long have to look for the maintenance of our superi ority over the rest of the world—that we shall not apologise for making some rather copious extracts from the interesting work before us. The first we shall make will show the amount of traffic upon the Manchester and Liverpool rail road, with the profits of the projectors. Dr. Lardrer thus introduces it : " The Liverpool and Manchester railway has now been in operation for the conveyance of passengers and mer chandise for the space of eighteen months, and the practi cability of the speculation, considered as a commercial in vestment, has been fully proved• The extent, however, of its advantages is still unascertained. The expenses at tending the work have been greatly increased by the want of previous experience in the construction of fit engines; and although none of the engines constructed can be re garded as failures, yet the course of improvement has been so rapid, that the company have been forced to lay engines aside, not because they performed less than was expected, but because others were contrived which performed more. The expenses of the concern has thus been very materially increased in amount; and any future similar undertaking, profiting by the experience thus gained, will effect a cor responding saving. Notwithstanding these disadvantages, which must inevitably have attended a great public experiment of this nature, the proprietors have already realised a considerable profit on the capital invested, and this profit has been to the present time going on at a rapid rate of increase. The following extract from the half yearly reports of the Company will show the traffic ou that road during the year 1831, together with the receipts and expenditure. Ist of January to Ist of July, 1831. Tons. Merchandise between Liverpool and Manchester 35,865 Ditto between Liverpool and the Bolton Junction ... 42,692 Coals from collieries near Liverpool 2,889 Passengers booked at Company's office, 188,726 (exclusive of passengers taken up on the road.) The gross receipts on this traffic were as follow : Passengers Merchandise 21,875 0 1 Coal 2lB 6 2 £65,693 13 8 Amounting to 4s. 74d. per passenger booked, and 10s. 3d. per ton for merchandise. The disbursements upon the same traffic were as follows : Coaching department for passengers £19,099 16 5 Merchandise, &c 16,279 7 5 Profit Total 35,379 3 10 30,314 9 10 £65,69313 8 ht July to 31st December, 1831. Tons. Merchandise between Liverpool and Manchester 52,224 Trattic on the road 2,347 54,57 Between Liverpool and the Bolton Junction 10,917 Coal from the adjacent collieries 8,396 Passengers booked, exclusive of those taken up en the ro id 256.321. RECEIPTS. - . . Coach department £58,348 10 0 Merchandise 00,7M 17 8 Coal 695 14 4 £89,809 2 0 _ . ExPENsEs. Passengers department £25,930 1 1 Merchandise 21,841 4 10 Coal department 505 16 3 Bolton Junction 748 16 3 Net profit 49,025 18 5 40,783 3 7 £89,800 2 0 The capital expended in the completion of the way and works, including the engines, coaches, waggons, &c. &c. to 31st December, 1831, amounted to 992,0541. 3s. 6d. The profits from the opening were as follows : From the 16th September to the 31st Dec. 1830,... £14,432 19 5 From the Ist January to 30th June, 1831 30,314 9 10 From the Ist July to 31st Dec. 1831 40,783 3 7 Total £83,53012 10 The dividends have been as follows :- 31st December, 1830, 6375 shares of 1001. at 21. per share£l2,7so 0 0 Ditto ditto, to the 30th June, 1831, 0375 shares of 1001. at 4/. 10s. per share. Ditto ditto, 6375 shares of 25/. at 9s. per share 31,556 5 0 Ditto ditto, 31st December, 1831, 7968? shares of 1001. at 4/. Ios. per share 35,859 7 6 Total .Z 60,165 12 6 " From the above statement it will appear that the traffic on the road, as well in passengers as in merchan dise, went on continually increasing up to the close of 1831, nor has this increase yet ceased. In the half-year ending the 31st December, 1831, the average quantity of mer chandise conveyed in six weeks was 15,112 tous: the quantity conveyed in the six weeks ending 23d March, 1832, was 16,632 tons. The receipts in the department for passengers in the 12 weeks ending 23d March, 1831, was 13,9651 6s. 11 d. ; and in the 12 weeks ending 23d March, 1832, was 15,4961. 11s. 3d. " Iu the account of the expenditure contained in the above abstract, considerab!e sums are included which are in fact unconnected with the railway, and arising al together from local circumstances. The extremities of the railway being a considerable distance from the centre of business in Liverpool and M , nchester, it was found exile• dient, with a view to encourage the traffic in passengers, that the company should bear the expense of horse car riages to transport the passengers from the centres of the towns to the extremities of the rail-road. This expense, from the Ist of January to Ist of July, 1831, amounted to one third of the sum received for the passengers booked ; and from Ist of July to 31st of December, it amounted to nearly half that sum : thus, above 50001. in this item alone should be deducted from the expenditure of the rail way transport. The account of expenses also includes 5,6471. interest for capital borrowed, which should also be deducted. These would leave the expenditure nearly 11,0001. less, and the profits as much more. But besides this, owing to improvements in the engines, the consumption of coke, expenses of repairs, &c. have gone on gradually decreasing. Under all the circumstances now explained there can be no doubt that, while the traffic on the road continues to increase, the expenditure of the Company will be certainly and rapidly diminished, due regard being bad to the tonnage and the Ember of pas sengers." Our next extract, though taken from Dr. Lardner's book, is, in fact, a summary of the report of a Committee of the House of Com mons, appointed last year to examine into the subject of steam power, as applied to the pro pulsion of carriages, in consequence of a peti tion presented by Mr. Gurney, to whom the public is indebted for the first idea of running steam-carriages on a common turnpike-road. The Committee states : " 1. That carriages can be propered by steam on com mon roads at an average rate of 10 miles per hour. " 2. That at this rate they have conveyed upwards of 14 passengers. 4 , 3. That their weight, including engine, fuel, water, and attendants, may be under three tons. ~ 4. That they can ascend and descend hills of consi derable inclination with facility and safety. 46 5. That they are perfectly safe for passengers. cc 6. That they are not (or need not be, if proper'y constructed) nuisances to the public. 7. That they will become a speedier and che.p,r mode of conveyance than carriages drawn by horses. ‘, 8. That, as they admit of greater breadth of tire than other carriages, and as the roads are not acted on so injuriously as by the feet of horses in common draught, such carriages will cause less wear of roads than coaches drawn by horses. g , 9. That rates of toll have been imposed on steam carriages, which would prohibit their being used n several lines of road, were such charges permitted to remain un altered." Our next quotation is made with a view to do away with a prejudice which has arisen in th e minds of some against steam-carriages, on ac count of the injury they fancy they will inflie upon agriculture. Dr. Lardner says : . " The erroneous opinions entertained by many persons respecting the injurious effects which may be produced by shin improvement on the agricultural interests are conclu tively refuted in the evidence of Colonel Torrens. On the contrary, as he there clearly proves, so far from injur ing the agricultural interests, such improvements in the means of transport must materially serve them. Agri culture is prosperous in proportion as the quantity of pro duce brought to market exceeds the quantity expended in bringing it there. If steam-carriages be employed instead of carriages drawn by horses, it will be because that mode of conveyance is cheaper.— Cheapening the transport of produce must necessarily diminish the quantity of produce expended in bring ing a giving quantity to market, and will, therefore, in crease the net surplus which constitutes the encourage. ment to agriculture. There are many tracts of land which cannot now be cultivated, because the expense of cultivation and transport exceeds the quantity which that expenditure would bring to market ; but if you diminish the quantity expended in bringing a given quantity to market, then you obtain a surplus produce from such in ferior soils, and, consequently, allow cultivation to be ex tended over tracts which could not otherwise be tilled. It is a well known principle, also, that every improvement which allows us to cultivate land of a quality which could not previously be cultivated, also enables us to cultivate more highly land already under tillage. " The sudden introduction of steam-carriages, were it possible, might produce temporary inconvenience, by the quantity of horses which would thereby become displaced; but this introduction can never be suddenly so extensive as to produce that effect. Meanwhile the beneficial effects upon the profits of trade, produced by the reduction of the cost of transport, must encourage industry and enlarge the demand for labour. The demand for labour depends upon the quantity of food and raw materials which can be cheaply obtained. The displacing of horses by steam engines will set free more food and more material, and the demand for labour will, therefore, instead of being dimi nished, be greatly increased. It has been calculated that, upon common roads, in Great Britain, the number of horses employed amount to a million; and it is said that as much land is required for the support of one horse as would sustain eight men. If steam-carriages should supersede horses altogether upon the roads, it would fol low therefore that there would be available food; 1 and, a demand for eight millions of additional population; but when it is considered that, in addition to this, the low price of transport would extend cultivation to inferior de scriptions of soil, which are now unproductive, and would further enable us to apply additional labour to soils already under tillage, it may be fairly concluded that the introduc tion of elementary power upon common roads, to super sede horses, would ultimately double the population, the wealth, and power of Great Britain. " It has been objected, that there are soils which are capable of producing nothing but what is adapted for the support of horses. To this it may be answered, first, that the total displacement of horses cannot be supposed, and that it will happen unavoidably, that a considerable number must continue to be in use, for the purposes of pleasure as well as in those cases to which, from a variety of causes, steam is inapplicable, and that if there be such land as is capable of only supporting horses, the quantity of such land does not exceed that which would be sufficient 1 . . r the horses which, at all events, must continue to be re quired. It is also to be considered, that even were such lands thrown out of culivation, the persons employed in cultivating them would find a more than equivalent de mand from the extended cultivation of other laud not of this particular quality: but secondly, the fact of there be ing any land profitable to cultivate, which is not capable of raising some other produce than oats, for which the in creasing population would create a demand, is extremely doubtful. " If the sudden introduction of steam-carriages for the conveyance of passengers should produce a temporary fall in the demand for agricultural produce, other effects would ensue which would compensate the agriculturists for such an injury. As the demand for agricultural produce falls, the price must likewise fall, and that would benefit, partly the I tbouring class and partly the capitalists—the one by receiving higher real wages, and the other higher profits. This would produce a great encouragement to manufacturing industry. This would naturally lead to an increase in the manufacturing population, and to the amount of capital thus employed. The consequence would be, after some pressure upon the agriculturists, the in creased population would create the same demand for agri cultural pro (lice which the employment of horses formerly created, so that, on the improbable, nay, impossible, suppo sition that steam carriages should never be employed for agricultural purposes, the benefit to the country would still be great, by enabling the country to support an in creased industrious population, and to become, even more extensively than at present, the great workshop of the world. " The replacing of horses by mechanical power would have the same effect upon the population and wealth of England, as if the actual extent of the country were to be increased by adding to it as much additional fertile terri tory as would be equal to the land which supports all the horses now employed upon common roads. Such an ad dition to the territory of the country would, in the first instance, lower the value of agricultural produce, and be injurious to the proprietors of the former territory ; but no person could therefore contend, that to enlarge the country by additional tracts of fertile land would be to injure the public interests; yet it is not less absurd to object to increase the availab!e food for human beings by displacing horses and substituting for them mechanical power. Instead of raising the means of locomotion from the surface of the ground, we draw it front the bowels of the earth. Men are capable of being supported by the one, but cannot derive nourishment from the other." FINE ARTS. PORTRAIT OF EARL GREY. Mr. Wilkin will do himself credit by this lithograph portrait, which is characterized by extraordinary fidelity as a resemblance, with the exception, perhaps, that the lower part of the countenance is a little too much flattered. The eye and brow, however, are singularly true to nature. PORTRAIT OF THOS. ATTWOOD, ESQ We have just seen a proof engraving of Thos. Attwood, Esq., of Birmingham, which, as a likeness, is creditable, and, as a work of art, is of the usual average, being neither above nor below mediocrity. It derives its chief interest from its choice of subject. COURT CIRCULAR. The Duke and Duchess of CUMBERLAND entertained Princess LIEVEN, Baron BoLow, the Prussian Minister, Baroness D'OMPTEDA, Baron and Baroness WANGENHEIM, Count DONIIOFF, and a select party, at dinner, on Mon day, at their rtsidence at Kew. A Deputation of Gentlemen connected with the Mauri tius, headed by Mr. Jouw IRVING, M.P., had a conference with Viscount Gormarcn yesterday, at the Colonial-office. The Belgian Minister visited Viscount PALMERSTON on Tuesday afternoon, at the Foreign- office. Mr. MAYERS, the agent for Barbadoes, had an intervie yesterday, with Viscount GODERICH, at the Colonial-office. Lord AUCKLAND visited the Noble Viscount on Tuesday. Departures.—The Earl of MINT°, recently appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Prussia, from his residence in Lower Grosvenor -street, for Berlin. Mr. SPRING RICE, on Monday afternoon for Ireland. WESTMINSTER THEATRE.—This is a re markbly pretty Theatre, under the management of Mr. DAVENPORT, of the Strand Theatre, the gentleman who, out of many equally liable, was so unfortunately singled out as amenable to the Lord CHAMBERLAIN'S heavy fine. The performances last night were by the Surrey Theatre Company, headed by Mr. thanin Prii', who himself sus tained the principal parts in Charles the Twelfth, The Irish Tutor, and The Ruby Ring. He was ably sup ported by the other performers, and the manner in which tbopieces are got up reflects great credit on the establish. ment. The performances are for a limited number of nights, and will doubtless attract crowded audiences to this unique little Theatre. Bassora, which is situated at the head of the Persian Gulf, on the river Euphrates, and con tains about 60,000 inhabitants, is the great market fl.r Asiatic produce destined for the Ottoman empire. The cholera lasted fourteen days in this city, in which time it carried off from 15,000 to 18,000 persons, or above one fourth of the inhabitants. From Bassora it was carried by the boats navigating the Tigris as far as Bagdad, and there it destroyed one-third of the population.—Quar terly Review. DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES OF STOCKS THIS Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Red. 8 4;4 %1 3 per Cent. Cons. 83% 4 N per Cent . Ditto Red 92 14%4 Kew 3% per Cent. 91% 3 per Cent. Ann. 1726 B2 t per Cent. 1826 Rank Long Ann. to expire Jan. 5, 18t'° l6 15-16 A Oct. 10, 1859 16% 13-16 Jan. 5, :860 - Jan. 5, 1880 - April 5, 1880 - 5. Jan. lB7O - PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS Austrian Bonds B9 Belgian Bonds 76 Ditto Account 76 Brazilian Bonds 494 %,, Ditto Account 4934% Buenos Ayres 80nd5......... 22 Ditto Account Chilian Bonds l6 Ditto Account Columbian Bonds ....... lO% Ditto Account — Ditto Bonds, 1824 llg Ditto Account l2 Danish Bonds —... . New 5 per Cent. ... -4 India Stock Ditto Bonds 4 5 p_o, South Sea Stock 93% Old Annuities ... .0 New Ditto... ........ -.. 3 per Cent. Ann. 1751 Ex. Bills, £l,OOO l3 15 PP Ditto 500 l2 15 Ditto Small Ditto Commercial —P Ditto Advertised ... 12 14 P° Bank for Account India for Account Cons. for Oct. 12.......84 IA 4 THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCIt• Peruvian Bonds lOl4 Ditto Account ......... Portuguese Bonds ... .48g % Ditto Account Regency Scrip 4 dig. Ditto Account 4dis , Prussian Bonds 99 Ditto Account . Ditto Bonds, 1822 lOO5 Russian Bonds, 1822 Ditto Account wig New Loan Spanish Bonds, 1821 ... 1 3 .4 Ditto Account 135 __ la Ditto Account 69 1 ,4 I Ditto Bonds, 1823 Greek Bonds 22 Ditto Account 12i Ditto Bonds, 1825. 2 4 1% French Rentea, sp. c. —f -- 6 Ditto Account — Exchange —f -- 4 Mexican Bonds, 5 per cent 22% —3 per cent. Ditto Account - Exchange ...... —f -- 4 Ditto, 6 per cent. — Dutch Scrip 43;4 Ditto Account 28343] ) Ditto Account Neapolitan French Scrip l l4 lt PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAT AT ONE O'CLOCK. Paid. Per Share' Anglo Mex. Min. Co. (iss. at 5/. pm.) XlOO "j c 3s ) Bolanos Mining Company £l5O Brazilian Imp. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm.) £2O 48 Ditto St. John Del Rey British Iron Mining Company . £so Columbian Mining Co. (iss. at 51. pm.) 4854 English Mining Company 1254 General Mining Association ll Real del Monte Mining C 0...., United Mex. Min. Co. (iss. at 21. pm.) 40 Ditto New Scrip 2 Alliance Fire Insurance Comp lO Protector Insurance Comp. Australian Co. Canada Company General Steam Navigation Co Provincial Bank of Ireland 25 7' 7 21% 24 18% Vat 4 Phi £1 5 6 7 I PRICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, AUG. 27. Bank Stock l9B St. Patrick Insur.(petShare Consols, 3 tier cent Gov. Stock, 3g, per cent 90% National Ditto .., Ditto, New 1 per Cent. - i Hibernian Bank Gov. Deb. 3 per cent... 86 Provincial Ditto ..... Royal Canal Stock .... ..... 39 1 ,( , Royal Irish Mine ... Grand Canal Stock - Imperial Mine ... City Deb. 4 per cent. -IMining Co. of Irel an d Ballast Office Deb. 4p. c. - Commercial Buildings _...• MAILS. Arrived. Due. Arrived. DUO 0 America 1 0 Hamburg 2 0 Brazil 0 Buenos Ayres 1 0 Jamaica 0 0 Carthagena 0 0 Leeward islands ... 0 1 Dublin 0 0 Lisbon 0 0 Flanders II 0 Malta 0 1 France 0 0 Sweden 0 0 Guernsey &Jersey.. 0 1 Waterford 0 , HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Nforning...3s minutes after 5. I Evening...s7 minutes after f Just ready, in 2 vols. Bvo. MEMOIRS OF LAFAYETTE, AND OF THE REVOLUTION OF 1830. By M. B. SARRANS, Secretary to General Lafayette. Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, Ntw Burlingtow street. * ult. LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 30, 1832. We have received letters from our own Core respondent at Lisbon, dated the 17th inst., which did not arrive until this morning, from which it appears that the Miguelites of that city were in much despondency. Five days had elapsed without any communication from the army appearing in the Lisbon Gazette, and it was concluded that nothing favourable to the Miguelties had occurred, although the Ministers of the Usurper had announced previously that an attack upon Oporto had been ordered fo r the 14th. Private letters from the Army received by Constitutionalists at Oporto stated that th e new General TERCHEIRA, after reconnoitring the preparations of Don PEDRO, had recall' mended that no attack should be made for th e present on Oporto, and he was the more led to this opinion by the discovery of some treacheri among his own officers. The orders of Don MIGUEL for the attack were, however, so pe' remptory, that it was hoped by the Constitution' alists TERCHEIRA would be compelled to exe' cute them, and thus facilitate the views o f 130 0 PEDRO, who is strong enough to repel the at' tack, even though the forces of MIGUEL should all remain faithful to him. The last accounts from Lisbon, received 3/ the Foreign-office, are by no means discourar ing to the Constitutional cause. The PEDII° party were still in high spirits, and only waiting for a safe opportunity of declaring themselves.' Up to that time, however, the mob, under th e influence of the priesthood, made every d e mon' stration of attachment to I'EDxo extremely dani gerous. These accounts mention another pro° of the respect entertained by Don MIGUEL fb r the British name and Government. An order had been issued, prohibiting the entry into the port of Lisbon of all foreign vessels ; but 311 English vessel, laden with coals for the Go' vernment, having arrived, an offer was made t° allow her entrance. This was refused by Ad' miral PARKER, except on condition of the permission being extended to all the Englis h vessels in Cascaes Bay, which the Migueliteo absolutely refused. On the other hand, hoW ever, an order was given to exempt four Austrian vessels from the general prohibition, although only one Austrian vessel was at the time in Car caes Bay, so that the privilege has been granted to three in anticipation. Wearm of Don pe The p p E r v e p ß a jo r a t a i r o e n s going for r e o i n n fo r a c c i t t i ) g v e l t y h . e sorry o to find, however, that the Poles now i ll France refuse to embrace the offer that has be en made to them to join the standard of Donn a MARIA, under the expectation that their serer vices may be shortly required nearer home. P. war with Russia would set all Poland in limner s NICHOLAS would find enough to occupy 111 attention with the men of Lithuania, Volhylll' u and Podolia, without sporting his courage on the children. A courier arrived this morning at the Belgi 3ll Embassy with despatches from the Belgian Mt f nister for Foreign Affairs, but they are not ° great importance. The KING and his Minis ters were resolute in their refus a l t o a ccept t ile Dutch treaty, and all the preparations fur W 3C were going on with as great activity as if a or Lure were certain. We regret to state that hY this arrival very afflicting accounts have be en received of the state of the cholera in Brussel s : To such an extent had this pestilence N acho; that it was almost impossible to go through is street without seeing one or two individu3