The Sun. — London, England, 1811-01-14 00:00:00

dais called French, and *llO - are' a Oillttire at most corrupt and aba n d one d troops, partly French, and partly so ldi ers torn with violence, resemblance tries of the Continent, has an entire b from all , the coun t he Moors, to 'the invasion in the, Bth. century_ who wereetptally ceMpesed of chff re y nt nations, of Asia, and of the oortherit coast of l empire A e ttic . a, ,and . ss'lig inundated the world during the slylt-11m , le of the Caliphs. In the time of Klog I•tudrl6°' .e to the traitor Count Julian opened to thetr, a PaslsakGocitly, Monarchy ; and in modern tirthN, the l' _s' i . e setrh mocked a iili the. promised Sovereiguty, of h of Portugal; and other analogous. chim eras ,. k I to the manner opened-the entrances of that ..Ing t was then o in like new invaders, Let usi;onsider how the w rallied on withadvant tge„and the cause wit was I . a . d ii : it Listing.; we shallAience derive sonde use fu l ' struction. v' invaded countries l As the tome& , barbarian s , f orc ibl y, compe lled the rem t. o serv e them, they. did not a pt tomake them do tedlty pion (in the same manner as the present) ; as they had -no depot. ) a nd an., deredevery v here for subsistent -s the villag es (I their Chiefs resortea to iwo exp,:dient, to pre serve e. themselves; . they forint d themselves into tanza, so il,a! every citi4eu was a soldier ; and anther il they bull castles in all the clistri As, Where every ~ of the ordeliatiza might assemble for defence, ,tlsll - were able to join the inleeetants of other di, n tritts, and try, the chances of war • when it was i thel prAver. The con,truaion of forts, since the invention o o f .. artillery, oas ,passed 'through a great number . .te r 0.146, pencipally in regard to the Sites, I it ii Proper to erect them; but on that we shall w w h ere enivr at present. We speak only of the tneilig d 44 con,erting citizens into loldiers, and of t hei r h. '., alition iiito gut.nillas; and Shall not diseus s. l L 6 : ‘'' t of their general thentt organiZatl9,t 'AY bay a little oil ode o f coeducting tba wart .r e , I The.aa'tne and soiall numb ers o f thi s species of ' or " elearlY 11(licate that their ►prop& ohjed is, not to defeed tow, s, within which they ought never . to fig hi, bet n) for in ambuscades in mountains and d_e fileit# on rivers, and other appropriate places on tl t e- 1 . raids, For the same reason they ought not to r e m ain for successne days on one informed of it, should surround spot, lest the enemy, be ingthe gi , errilla in the might with such a force that it would be inlp,:ssibl. to r e etire ; ler the gime reason, in case of requiring ome repoqe, they ought to fix upon quarters (emote and Secere from any surpri,e. . -, c , iaor Guer- Vi lt il i a,,Pee is the first quality or a eine . , ~ 1 tillas. rie ought ahv ayl , ,„ have p c:hie d wit III!) t .e lawns where the enemy lie,*, sortie faithful c .ofi cleutial person, who c(ll l..: ce , rn ill the enemy's force, the detachments may meet-n 4 him of every thing 'Witten h e sends out, their direction, Ilic('' in like manner, an the heights adjacent .to the place where lids guerilla is' anake signals, , Posted, he should haVe or soldiers 'detached from his corps, t o .. persons to give him informaiien of the march khd qlre.:*"t tun ot , ( Very men . ly'S deracluneot. Hot :the Cept.alt shoul" Elsa Make otnervations ' with' hiS ( "vr'• eyes; an d, i t enerally speaking, he cogh t , r i o t to trust to anoteter any thing thlt he can do finest:ff. . It is esientially ittipor•ant that Ihe Cal44.)° k ee p i , - op a correspondence with the nearest super i or elt '' fleet', Or tieveruur of any fortress, as ,well to receive . illiartitiions, ns to tianstnit details, and obtaiu the necessary supplies., The two 'chief purposes of . the guerillas are, " cut offconvoys, and intercept couriers and all col's ritunications of the eneoly ; and they ought there-. tore to the keep a very. watchful and eye on the high road that is entrusted t o their care, suspicious l eizieg end aearching every individual whim the/ Illay discover. The etterny, , kiiowing the imPur" lance of these T he or convoys', has or tiered strong detachments to escort them. It is for 11)14 reason that all' the,guerillas or ordenanza at a e°llsiderble art of the country,' ought to carry on their operations under the same ord ers, either of the Military the of the .province, or of , the Mt General ; so that, receiving timely informa7 tion, they may be able to pursue the enemy on all heir d estination. s kles, and every day of thmarc h eir till iheY at t arrive Lisbon is defended in its rear by ihe long *mon tory of the Sieire de Estrella, the two 'sides of Which have the orte a not them and the other a sotithern ttspea, and by which way pass the twos principal roads of !defen ce of ted, for 15 the Lisbon. Th at was the line of he fate year.. ous Ciptain*Viriatus, who main tgtainainst, th e independence of Lnsitania Hotnatts ,• who fought with various for tune Pompey the Great, while, emir spent ten ,It'hulo years in subduing the towns of that Sierra. nis descendains have not degenerated, from their immortal ancestors ; having wartike sto r e s and pro 'claloh. and commanded by active mid intelligent Oren, they are able of themselves to decroy at) army of 15 or 20 of French' in a.few months. But, to return fioin our digresaion and to treat of the guerillas, Scain, by her greater extent, and greater experience in this kind of warfare, has ~any numerous and moented guerillas. They, how ever, have a more extelisive destination than those Which we have described, anti which are properly for fighting only itt their own distriCas. The for !ter have generally two or three pieces of horse ofthey,arller for the purpose of breaking open' the gates fortified beildingi in st hich the French as aernble their force• ; anti their cavalry always march glett'lnPtilled with Rome infantry, who, when di's .itilincl and emboldened, are an excellent force. A guerilla equipped its this manner hears great resem blance to a legion. The principal e ff ed of these flYing legions for so we truly call them, consists in , the v ehaaty of their Movements. Their chief at tacks iteddettly and unexpededly, all their small ,t'rriaotls scattered in hits provitice, and disposes of tnern before he attacks such ea are lerger. Some !)IThose which are considerable, and capable of an obstinate resistance, he leaves to a fitter opportuni tY' but other% which, frbm their smallness, ore unable to teats', he cuts off without mercy. He then rn,ltttets' the inhabitants anti the magistrates respone sible,that they will not satisfy the smallest requi• sing of the French, unless it be exatted by an arm ed force. Apinst the garrisons of mote considerable ter rho ' ries Le carrion on a warn of blotkade, canine; off their\ meads of subsistence and of tornmunintion each of such territories ought to have its guerrilla Of ebservationoo straiten and harassthe enemy ; as has been done by the f a mous limpecinado, in 64 districts of Madrid and Gtiadalaxara. Indeed, tt is - 4,tp'eatei of warfare cannot •be formed upon a better model. It would. also be proper .to print at. Villencia, or Cadiz; some short instruetions with i.egard to this mode of making war, such as have been alreadf drawn tin by a Sp mist) Brigadier; in ()filer that these instructions way serve as a guide to other of :he linger guerillas., To the Chiefs of the smaller or distria-guerillas extensive knowledge is by no means 'necessary : t 0 have am= munition, to be vigilant and constantly in motion, with a certain portion of btaaery, are all that is ne cessary, which certainly ate to be found in all the different races who inhabit the Peninsula. We shall conclude these considerations with an - important reflation. At different' times, 100,000, - or even 200,000 Mussultuaa have passed over the . Peninsula; and granting that there were a few great battles like that of Navas de Tolbsa, of Salado, or plain of ourique, yet thegteater part were cur ,otf in petty warfare, which was carried on with gitealer or less effect, in proportion as the ordenanza assisted the troops in greater or smaller nunitiets— ln the same manner the French must be dealt with; to is necessary to follow them up viith the same kind of warfare, rectifying the errors which bJung ed to a former age, and combining all authorities and individuals for the same great object, which at that time - was nut effected, from the childist: rival ships of ditfaent Christian Powers in the Penin sula, who mace war upon one another, witien ought to be reserved for invaders alone. Happily th it most powerful cause of retardation, and un 'immune issue, has no existence in our present si tuation. Mr. LEWIS, THE At:Toa.—The Public, we are Coovincel, will bear with 'ninth regret, that this Gentietwn, who has: so often altbrded them plea sure, made his awful exit from. the stage of life on Saturday last, at his house in ,Westborne-place, Sloane- s quare. He was In the sixty.third year of age. As a cumlc thor, he was teriainl, at the head of hiS professioc, for the whole of the period itr which he' was on-'ti'e Loudon Stage. He had acquired chusiderable tame as a:Comedian' before he ventured upon the boards of the great mcfropolis of the Etui,ire. He made his first appearance in London at . Covent-Gar Jen Theatre, abdut, the year 1774, in the part of the IVes; Indian, which he represented with so much ease. sprightliness, and humour, tnat he fixed his reputation on his first ap pearance, and made such a progress iu purylic fa vour, that he was; during the whole of his career, the most poptilar Comedian in his day.--:—From the chisracters which be generally assumed, and from 1113 wellobred manners- in pi ivate life,' he soon ac- gaited the devigndtion o Gentleman LEWIS, to dis. t►ndui!h him tiotn LEE LEWIS, who generally Npre sented parts of ale elegant description. Mr. i.zwts came upoi7 tie LotictOtt boards just as poor Woubwitto was clo•iug Ills cam, and be was tlfe ratitful itiherilot of i hal excellent actors range of characters, and wl`i indeed capable of a- sutuing parts whic;* WooDwAart would have been . 1 incapahle of represetoule, such for instance as iaulkland, in The iiivats, apart which Mr, Lewis rendered very prominent in that admirable comedy, : , and .which he supported wit Is lilt 'requisite ease and sensibility. Two was AD origivat air of spirit, gaiety, and whim, in Mr. LEWts's manner, which not ouly enabled him to display the general round of stock characters, as they are called, of . the legiti mate Drama, with great skill, but which induced O'Kuures, and other Dramatic Writers . uf theipre , : sent day, to design parts entirely. for the purpose of drawing forth his peculiar talents, and etrording scope for the exuberance of his humour. Indeed it may be truly said, that many productions of the present day were indebted for the tavetur with whiCh they were received wholly to the whim, gaiety, and ori ginal humour with which he supporsO: the prieci pal chatatters. But the powers of Mr. Lawns were not confined to comedy. He was a very respedable ; odor in the tragic province, and we are. assured that the excellence which be displayed in Mrs. HANNAH MORS'S Tragedy of Percy, procured him the :warm approbation of GARRICK himself. But though Mr. Lewis - distinguished himself so much in what rri3y be called the dashing characters of comedy, his pri vate life was marked by every domestic virtue. He was an . affeCtionate husband and father, and he ,w. 45 rewarded by the possession of an estimable wife add ,amiable and accomplished offspring. His three daughters in particular, were .distinguished by every quality that can adorn the remit; character. The unfortunate toss of one of these amiable. daughters. a short time ago, was a shock to his feelings which he never could recover. The i.umediate cause of his death was a fever on his ehest, and . he had only been confined to his bed a ' week ,botore his family ; and numerous train of friends had the misfortune to ' be deprived of him. He was easy, decorous, and gentlemanly in his deportment, very well acquaint - a with life, and possessed of au abundant stone of anecdotes, which lie always related in a neat and pertinent manner, allowing no more to the expres sion than, what was requisite to show the full sub stance and point of the story. Asa member of s oc i e ty, he w as distingoiihed . for probity . and a stria performance of all his engag- Merits. It is ao seldom that the world is deprived of man of his eminence in the rank- of society to which he belonged, and to whom the public were so much indebted for so many years of harmless plea sure, that we have deemed it an ad of duty and gratitude toe man of worth and talents to give this testimony to his profesSional excellence and personal mnits. He had acquired considerable property by the exertion of his ..ifients, ,which he held tnanaw:d with prudence, and ii..sdisposAl of with justice :dad liberality. He was 'in posses,ion of his faculties till the last moments, and his latest wordi te.tified affedion fur his family, and resignation to his fate. His remains are to be removed for interment to the family vault at LiVerpool. It was generally sup, posed that Mr. LEWIS was a native of 'misted, but we are assured that he was born in the Principality of Wales.' .. SPAMSII P4PEt?S. By the favour of a Foreign Legation s we hate received the subsegnent interesting documents. Ti e first is a dispatch, taken from the bearer by a skir mishing party, shewing the doubts the French en= tertained of their security in the neighbourhood of the capital. INI RECEPTED LETTER FROM THE GOVERNOR OF MAIiRID: " I this instant received your letter, advising me of your arrival at Tarancon. In consequence of the approach to this neighbourhood of the enemy, the King commands Senor Colonel, that you should re main where you are, instead of conforming to the triplicate order forwarded to-day, diretting you to proceed to Guadalaxam. General Vial is about to. leave Morata, to advance upon Guadalaxara, unless you 'should require his assistance, twin the pres Sure of the enemy, of Which you must apprize him ; but take care not to leave your present situation, unless impelled by absolute necessity. Obta;to every poS sible information, as to the-oosiCon,.force, and our- poses rat she enemy--and with this viewinquire at all travellers, carriers and 'others, and transmit to me whatever important intell4gence you may obtain. Use,. Senor Colonel, rur own judgment, but em ploy the utmost caution, as at airs are rather doubt ful, and it tNould hate a bad (Area if we were un fortunate so near the capital ; yet I cannot believe that the enemy has increased at Taraneon in the manner t our advices represent. " I am, with perfect consideration, (Signed) " AUGUsTUS BELLIARD. " vlad rice, 01. g. - " To Col. Foaitstlan:! p. S. Correspond with the Governor of Aran juez, and desire him to send your dispatches to Toledo: . The next Document is a general amnesty to,all military and maritime delinquents, occasioned by peculiar cirCtunctlinces of the present war. ROYAL DECREE. " THE CORTES TO THE REGENCY. " The Cones, wishing to shew its clemency, pub- • lishes I general amnesty to all military nod tnaritinie person's in the dominions of Spain, whether in Eu rope or Asia, under the folloWing regulations • 4 ‘ Mt. t. All deserters in places not occupied 'by the enemy, may surrender themselves to the proper authorities within three months, and receive pardon. ‘f Art. 2. The s:uoe pardon is extended to de.ier ters residing in places occupied by the enemy, if they shall not hmve joined With the enemy, and if they present theMselves before the .prOper Officers within six months. " Art. 3. Deserters *llO shall have gone to places occupied by the enemy, and shall have enlisted with the enemy by force used to induce them, if they Should not at ually have fought against their cour►• try, whether soli►ers, corporals, or serjeants, shall receive their pardon, if they serve for cight years as cor•mon soldiers ; and if they bring their horses or accoutrements with them, tour years shalt be de dutted froth this term. " Alt. 4. Setjeants and others, who being made prisoners, shall bare united .irith the ranks of Ole enemy, if they have not actually horn; arms against their country, wilt have the lltiefit of the above gil)at ions. " Art. 5. Officers who hare married with out Royal licenite, are included in this pardon. " Att. 6. Toe pardon likewise extenils to all rui litaty offenders, with the exceptions distinguished in this instroniont. " Art. 7. The pardon does not extend to traitnrs, spies, priests, killers, blasphemers, or purloiners of public property. " Art. 8. Nor to aggressors nor havinm obtained thO forgiveness of the party aggriel•ed ; nor fo those subjected to pecuniary fines, who have not paid the demand. • •' Art. 9. This prdon does not extend to those who may break the law subsequent to its publica- ion. " Art. 10, It does apply to criminals who lia%e tied, whose offences are not among the exceptions; and such as are out of the • country will be allowed twelve" testify their obedience. ". The Council of Regency will undertake the execution of this Royal Order. " Luis Der. Molvtg, President. PEREZ De CASTRO, Sk.'Cretary. " MANUEL LUSCUM, Secretary. " Published by the Regency, tst December." Notwithstanding the occupation of the city of Seville by the enemy, we have the tollowingad • vices train thence to the date-of the 3d ult. - 44 Orders were given on the :IA Deg. that no per son should content or go out of the pie of Carmona on horseback. All day we have had French soldiers, which had been pot to flight, come tn 'by the road Of. Tocina. General Girard, who comic coded the divi sion in Estolmadurs, has returned to Seville with his troops in very bad plight. • " On the 18th November Aranr., 'transmitted to the Consulado the order of Soult to embark all English tuanufaanres and colonial produce, although constituted of cargoes by Amercan vessels, with the exception of priies, and articles cat public sale by Government Agents, which are, however, to pay the duties.' " AU these regulations are made diretsily 'from Napoleon to Strait, and from Sault to Naytinza, with oat naming King Joseph ; and Napoleon, under his own signature says, " that all the colorant produce, which shalt he found in my 34 Departments , f Spain, shall be seized and confiscated." •' On the 1911% November, &Alit celebrated by 4 tuagnificentbanquet, the anniversary of the bat►lu ci Ocann. " Joseph Irt3 sent an order commanding the Sy no,i of Set ilie immediately to give polsesbion to tt►e Eeeltsiastics he has appointed, withi,ut further proot. We doubt if the Synod will obey h►s orders. " It is said, that General Girard has instroBions to withdraw from Estrernadura, if he shoulikriot ob tain the succours required from Cordova. A. battalion has left the city, a.; the French tell us, to set fire to Caracca, and to the troublesome Squadrons in the bay of Cadiz. They talk law of btutin4 the whole tslgnd of Leon and the foftrm of Cadit. " The French partizans labour much to persunA* -us that there are no Spanish armies, and that those that are Called such, are Merely raggamufEns gn¢ thieOes, and dictated in this spirit is the account 4, the defeat at Blake in 114thcia. in contradiction to this story, Soult in his own Gazette, 'states the force of Blake as amounting to 10,000. men.- The same Gazette mentions, that the news from Portugal is highly satisfaaory, hut it will not be pubhshed, un til it will be offieiaqy transmitted. True Spaniards are ant uninformed of the ernbarra,sment of Mae sena, and place no confidence in such misrepre: sentations.- " On the 30;h November the French demanded new contribution of six millions of rials. Eleven of the principal r: rson4 of this place, of Whom th ‘ ly had required two millions and a half df thl3 sum, hgve refused, and in consequence of their non-com pliance, they are prisoners in their own houses, with two Gens d'Armes a piece to keep them comooy. " At the same time a levy was made of all persons in the distria, between tfi and 40 years of age. From the private letters anti reports brought by the CO/nor-tint, from Lisbon, we learn'that in tti trifling skirmishes whieb ouurred between the : outposts of the .respective armies, our cavalry and light troops wee, invariably successful. A French Aide-de-Camp was taken prisoner on Chri,im.is day. MASSENA, i• was' understood at the heat!-quarters, had received no other reinforcements iliat what joined him with Demi el'. Two dAy ! i, however, before the Cormorant sailed, a r,:port was brought to Lisbon, that MASiENA had demonstrated intentions of advancing again toviaids Lisbon. Thu report was so much behored by Gen. Sir SrAeLti. \)t* , 7 COT VON, the Hon. Gen. STEWART (broth;:r to Lord CASTLEREAGH), and: Brig,•Geti. (kti.urantsi,' that they abandoned their intention of corning home, and immediately set ofl' to rejoin the army. They were coming. to England' in consequence of ill health. should MASSENA leave his present position, it will no', we understatid, bring .on an engage-. ment, as Lord WBLLINGTOK does 1101 ITIV;111 to crap , tend with, them in Cariaso, but tall hack to his un ptegnable intrenclimeuts •at Toil - es Vedras. Gen. Cane i3comebome in the Cormorant, , very ill; as are the Hon: Col. Meade, Lieut.-Col. Campbell, (wars minding 4th Portuguese Regiment), . Major Har vey (Deputy Quarter-Master-Gmeral), 'Captain Pringhurst (Aide•de-Gamp to Gen. Fitle), Dr. Ho bertson (7th Regiment); and Mr. ; Wdlington, (Builder's Assistant at Plymouth Dock-yard):--» The Cormorant left the following ships in the Tnus r liartieur (gear-Admiral Berkeley) ; Dreaduought, nihal (..e,r.Adtniral Sir T. ; (...aesar. A bocron. `bie, Audacious, Zeatotor, Poictiers, Atincoort, impenteux ; Mars, IVlAceiao,i.in. St. kagerau, 1.4t0n4, hear. Jess, and lirumer. The hpurly expecte:llion ralni nth. The Dictdent a ,Gorden, Illelporn , qr, J'estal, ,and three other ships, hid sailed tur to bring a reinforcement of four regiments to join the British army. The Cormorant spoke the Amelia And her 'convoy for Lisbon, eight d4ys in lat. 41. ion. 1 I. S.:)e also brought dispatches from Mr. PiTtiW ART, the British IVliniiter sit Le•bon, 'aed a Mail. .Tit:y were landed immediately on her arrirol. Yesterday morning, her MAJII , ! TY and the Pitt N CESSEA(Ivid Divine S ervice . pt-riorined in Wilid3or Castle. They afterwards went to Frogroom LoJge; aqq. at three 9'090: rem urned to the fi,l,tce. l'he Dukes of YostE. and Casasetpee art iced at Windsor. on,Saturday afternoon. The Duke of CAMBRIDGE want to the Pariah Church at Windsor, yesterday, and heard a sermon preached by the hen. Isln. Gossarr. Saturday morning at eight o'clock, the Loan CHANCELLOR and Mr. PEactsvaL Sot of f front the house of the latter in a carriage rind tour, torWiod- SOT, where they arrrived at half past ten, and r, : n 1 ,i 0 .. ed in conversation with her MaJessny and the Pity • sicians attending the KING till near two, when they returned to London.. . We have great satisfaetion in publishing the fol lowing account, which has been transmitted to.na as a correct statement of the prodUce of the Public Revenue in the year 1810, as compared with that of the preceding year :4-- dog £37,838,034 440,946,244 Ce o lso tv li a d r aV asls ucti, exclusive WAr 'Faxes . . • • 20 170 8 044 210271443 'Aro. 40,636078 ,C63,07.3,65ti . Flom this statement it appears that the revenue of, the year noW concluded exceeded that of the year immediately preceding,' which WWI a year of re= markable prodtidion, by a sum of not less than four millions four hundred and thirty-seven thousand pounds. In the article of "'Excise, Which affords the surest proof of the . prosperity of individualS, the incrt:ase has been ups' ards of one million four hundred,and fifty thousand pounds. On Saturday a Messenger arrived in town, chargod with dispatches for Mr. PIN KNEY, kill) the Ann-ri., • can Consul' at Paris. The nature of 'their Contents did e w t trany're. By the cartel whieh brought the Messenger to Dartmouth, we received Moniteurs to the Ist. An article from Dunkirk states, that an English frigate was descried on the 2711 i the coast, in great distress.. 'We su.,ipoSe that the ' vewil alluded to is the .Elitabeth Indianian, known to nave been wrecked there. , The llioniteurs contain: `ad dresses from different takes, thanking BuoN, A r Atti r l i for burning British metchandize. Letters from the Cape of Good Hope state' thee. W eck, - in ()Etcher 'last, of a French corvette (IA Desiree), tnotinting 14 guns, ancil 2. men, On the coast of Madigascar.. The corvette sailed. train the Isle de France, was bound to furtive, and 114 d a valuable freight. Of the crew, 34 seamen e3c:ipe,,l the fury of the waves, only to be carried into sla very by the natives. . CORN.EXCHANG e. , JAR. 'lc—The present 2ppear aueet of the ]lamer Naviotion, being soon lihely to be cleared, rind large arrival ,of Griun irr gencrit being expected, the trade for Wh-at and 0.1t5 13 dull, and late prices are : hardly supported.; owinv to few sales being yet efroded of articles in general, the present currency is considered almost nominal Flour at our brit week's quotatiou.