The Sun. — London, England, 1832-09-14 00:00:00

. _ _ ,• ea . . ; • . „,, A S r . • • , - I 4: • • -A . , 4 AQ .. 1 " \ 4 . • lin .7 • *, if ; %INT; 4 C.) -4 ,f,./ ~...~--r"~-'L- NEW SPORTING WORK. Just reaity, in Q vols. Bvo. with nomeious Plate, W ILD SPORTS OF THE WEST. By the Author of " Stories of Waterloo." Richard Bentley, (late Colburn and Bentley,) New Burlington -street. ..^- LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 14, 1832. ( iNo. 12,484.) ( PRICE 7D.) FOR EDINBURGH. THE Splendid New STEAM-SHIPS, the ROYAL ADELAIDE, Captain MILL, and ROYAL WILLIAM, Captain CH A.PLIN, each 200 . horse power, will start from St. Katharine Dock Steam-wharf, near the Tower, as follow : ROYAL WILLIAM, on Saturday Evening, Sept. 15, at Ten. ROYAL A DELA IDE. on Wednesday Evening, Sept. 19, at Ten. ROYAL WILLIAM, on Wednesday Evening, Sept. 26, at Ten. ROYAL ADELAIDE, on Saturday Evening, Sept. 2.9, atTen. These Vessels will be found of *he very first class in point of speed and accommodations, and are the only'ones that afford to passengers the advantage of embarking at the commodious Steam-wharf, London, and landing in the Harbour at Leith. Horses and carriages can thus be shipp e d and landed with the greatest ease and safety. Fares, including provisions, Chief Cabin, 4/. 4s. ; S-wond Cabin, 21. 108. The accommodations in the Second Ca bins are very superior, with separate apartments for females. Information obtained, berths secured, and goods re ceived for shipment, at Leith and Glasgow Wharf. Also, by T. Robertson, 164, Strand ; H. Underwood, 56, Haymarket ; M. Sanderson, Boar and Castle Inn, Ox ford -street ; Mr. Slarke, Old White Horse Cellar, Pic cadilly ; and Mr. Gilbert, Blossoms Inn, Lawrence lane, Cheapside, where light goods are received, and for- Warded to the Wharf till Five o'clock on the days of starting.. JOSEPH ADAMS, Agent, Leith and Glasgow Wharf. A Spacious Sail Loft to Let. TO PUBLIC SPEAKERS —MENIBERS OF THE BAR, &c. M R. A. JONES, Surgeon Dentist to their Royal Highnesses the Princess Augusta, the Duchess of Gloucester, his Majesty Louis-Philippe the First, and Royal Family of France, and her Serene Highness the Princess Esterhazy, having in several recent cases been highly successful in rectifying De fective Articulation, by the substitution of his im proved TERRO-METALLIC TEETH for those which had been decayed, or been subjected to removal, re spectfully invites the particular attention of gentlemen engaged in Parliamentary, Clerical, and other duties connected with Public Speaking, to the importance and utility of th e above -named unrivalled' remedy. The TERRO METALLIC TEETH (which ma y be had from one to a complete set) will be guaranteed to restore to the wearer all the advantages of the genuine ones, in mastica tion as well as articulation, and cannot in any way he dis tinguished from the originals. Carious and tender Teeth Wholly preserved from the progress of decay, and rendered useful, by Mr. A. Jones's unequalled ANODYNE CE MENT. The personal attention of Members of the Faculty to those much approved inventions, and their ' nod e' of application by Mr. A. J., is respectfully re questedN and wou4l be g rea tl y es t eeme d. denta • B - - Cleanin g an d every ot h er operat i on perta i n i ng to l isurgery. At home f ro m T en till Fi ve . 64 , Lower Grosvenor -street, Bond-street. BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH, „,0 ICING'S CROSS , NEW - R OAD, LONDON. ORISON'S UNIVERSAL VEGETABLE MEDICINE. To AN, S. T. PROBETT, DERBY BRANCH, BRITISH COLLEGE OF HEALTH. MY ease is as follows—the effects of a bad cold got by stan ding in cold spring wa t er , w hi c h b roug h t on t h e e ` ar nP and bowhalfel complaint. For the last four years and I have not been able to work for my family. I tras under the first of the f acu lty a t P onte f ract , D r . A . ; he told ate it w as an inflammation in my bowels ; he bled we and gate me opening medicine, which made the cramp hr•oe. I then went into the dispensary of that place. t It got to Dr. 8., of Brigg, and Dr. R. ; they told told I had got the cholera morhus. Dr. A., of Brigg s wle it Was the over-growing of my gall ; he salivated T f" I Y got temporary relief. Then I got to Dr. R. n• poncester ; he told me it was a complaint in my kid neY* rhen I got to Dr. 8., of Leeds ; he told me that ray liv er wa s over , we i ghte d w i t h bl ood. I then went tin the liv der D r. F., of Leeds ; he told me it was er only n ° ol Plaint. I t h en got i nto t h e ir,firmary, and ,„ • . got te mporary re li e f. I t h en got to H u ll, un d er D r . got hut i temporary re li e f ; lie advised me to go into p ro i n th firmiy ; I came out worse t h an w h en I went i n. there n I ... Onere I w t • ent to C owt h rope, un d er D r. J ., o f L out h ; ly got temporary relief. Then 1 got into Louth dis PensarYs and D r . 0. told me I was an impostor. The doctors always treated me with opening medicines, which I alwa drankrought on th e cramp. I was then so had th .t if on . e pint of ale it broue.ht on the bowel complaint. benefitun thi s way despairing of ever getting any real Mr. frotn any one, tilll came to Louth, an d met w i t h tts your g e n e r a l agen t f or D er b y. He kindly Oave tne is ad v i ce. I began with four pills, and increased th got I got to th i rty pills night and morning. I continued em for three months, and I am happy to say, through the Divin e bl ess i ng, I am perfectly cured, and am aide to follo w „, my employment again. You are at liberty to make use of this you may think proper, and I am ready t o ans wer to any questions that any one may put to me. I am, Sir, your humble servant, C JOHN SNOWDEN. awthorpe, near Louth, Lincolnshire: August 15th, 1832. We, th e :-. St. John's, N.. B. June 30, 1832. ""dethig,ned,.tsjslents and householders in the city 01 St, john Nr.,..--.A. ' k North A • d' , - awyk!, ....unswfc , America, ~ not hesitate tcagive-Our.r.nost unqualified approbation in favour of Morison's Vegetable Universal Medicine. By the use of less than a box the most - benefical effects in al most all cases have resulted. We could refer to several severe cases, were it necessary, to show the superior ex cellence of this Medicine (a few of which have appeared in the public prints), and which, if taken according to the directions accompanying then), will revive and establish the desired healthy habits, and restore to the pallid coun tenance the natural glow of health and good spirits. Mr. William Anderson, Agent for the above Medicines, is about leaving this place for Britain, at an early day, and we cheerfully sign this certificate in testimony of our hav ing used the above Medicine with the most happy success. CHARLES HARRIS GROOCOCK, M.D. ROBERT HAY. Mr. SCOTT, C.P. WM. SCANNELL. H. HODGKINS. G. ANDERSON, J. P. G. MARCHALL. R. W. NOWLAN. JOHN NEIL. G. LOVETT. J. JOSEPH SCAMMEA. CURES OF CHOLERA IN SHEFFIELD. Mr. Drew, Hygeian Agent, S lit,--I hav e aga i n to return ) ou my sincere thanks for Te cure of my wife, who was restored to health in two Algid, I!) , the ti me l y use o f Morison ' s Vegetable Universal • ie 'ne, of which lam in the regular habit of provid 'ng a box f or the use of my family, to be ready in case of b l e cessity, as h av i ng myself formerly received much benefit )3 ' the use o f th e same M e di c i ne; act! I can assu re you , "r, that I have recommended then, to several of my ac quaintance, who have likewise acknowledged their useful 4"s, and would recommend their us e t o ever y i n di v id ua l . 1 'aitt week my wife was taken very ill in her bowels, at tulded with violent pursing and vomiting, with her body ') .' 41.1 y double with the cramps and spasms, and could not 4 4 1. 44 uptight ; but by timely use of the pills, she is now t o fe etly recovered, for which I desire to return my thanks Alm• L , —igoty um], and to express my gratitude for your 6 'fatigable exertions, and wish your Medicines were t u 'Y better known that they might meet with more ex en'ive c irculation. Your's respectfully, Jul y 9 4, 1832.\VAL FORD, Yo:k.street, Sheffield. t The "Vegetable Universal Medicines" are to be had at t7e College, New-road, King's-cross, London ;at .11€ t ,urrey Branch, 96, Great Surrey -street, Blackfriars; , a ' p it ' Field ' B 9 1 6, Air-street, Quadrant; Mr. ChaPPel 8, It'loyal Exchange ; Mr. Walker's, Lamb's Conduit-passage, ted Lion-square; Mr. J. Lofts,lo, Mile End-road ; Mr. ,nnett's, Covent -garden-market ; Mr. Harlon's, Fleur tl i• e. is-court, Norton ralgate ; Mr. Haslett's, 118, R4t vliffe-highway ; Messrs. Norburv's Brentford ; Mrs' tt•pping's, Clare-mark e t ; Messrs.. S ' almon's, Little 13,11- , 411, y ; Miss Varral's, 24, Lucas -street, Comtnercial.road ; 'qrs. beech's, 7, Sloane-,quare, late of Sloane -street, Chet -11;1; Mr. Chapple, Royal Library, Pall-mall ; Mr. Kit tlam, ',llolingbroke-row, Walworth ; Mr. Pain, 64, Jermyn ',\t/4"; Mr. Wood, Hair-dresser, Richmond ;M. 111eyar, 3, gay's -buildings, Blackheath ; Mr. Griffiths, Wood Wharf, j!,enwich; Mr. B. Pitt, 1, Cornwall -road, Lambeth; Mr. I. olison, S 5, Craven-street, Strand ; Mr. Oliver, Bridge_ `4,t, Vauxhall ; Mr. J. Monk, Bexley Heath ; Mr. 'f. T etra` , 12, St. Roman's, Dartford ; Mr. Cowell, 22, ii,,,'rritee, Piudico ; Mr. Parfitt, 96, Edgware -road ; Ali ss . A tkinson, 19, Trinity Grounds, Deptford; Mr. Taylor, 1 4 4 ' 4 4 ell ; Mr. Coverley, Bow -bridge, Stratford; Mrs. J. , 'ote, Woolwich ; and at one Agent's in every principal \ (*1 :1 in Great Britain, the Islands of Guernsey and . ' 4i ta and throughout the whole of the United States ‘ )f ' America. ( th , '• 13 . —The Coll ege w ill not be answerable for the con -1 , Oences of any M e di c i ness,dd by any Chemist or Drug - 41 4 ' as none such are allowed to sell the " Universal Mi which can only be had genuine at the Bri tio, GU l 's;" 444 ege of Health, and of the regularly registered 4 to in t own _ arid country. LEEDS JOINT STOCK BANK. THE PROVISIONAL DIRECTORS of the LEEDS ii,-toitING COMPANY are ready to treat with any Gentleman of respectability an comp.t,nt experience and talents, for the Situation o MANAGER to the said Establishment, Writt-o communications, with testimonials of respeeta bility anal fitness, may be addressed (free of postage) to Mr. T. F. FODEN, Solicitor to the said Banking Company. Leeds, Sept. 10, 1832. HORSE BAZAAR. KING ST., and BAKER ST., PORTMAN SQUARE. HARNESS AND SADDLERY DEPARTMENT. This Department is conducted upon the Fin cip'e of supplying the very best articles at tie lower , prices. The reputation which this BRANCH of the HORSE BAZAAR has obtained for magnitude of assort ment, elegance of style, excellence of workmanship, and durability of materials, r nders it only necessary to say, that it will be continued on the same principle and und. r the same management, which has secured it the unquali fied approbation of the nobility and gentry, who have so pre-eminently distinguished and extensively used the SADDLERY, HARNESS, AND CLOTHING of it. manufacture. In a few days will be published, in 2 vols post Bvo. I 4 EGENDS of the LIBRARY at LILIES By the LORD and LADY there. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, an, London : Longman. Just ready, in 2 vols. Bvo., with two Portraits, THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF MEMOIRS OF GENERAL LA FAYETTE, and of the FRENCH REVOLU TION of 1830. By B. SARRANS, Private S,cretary to General La f ayette. Richard Bentley, (late Colburn and Bentley,) New Burlington -street. PORTRAIT of the QUEEN of BEL-, GIUM GRATIS with the COURT JOURNAL of TO-MORROW. This beautiful original Portrait (engraved on steel by Freeman) of the Queen of Belgium will be accompanied by an entirely original and interesting Memoir of Inr Ma jesty, obtained from sources not open to any other journal. Orders should be forwarded to the Newsvenders and Booksellers without delay. Office, 19, Catherine -street, Strand. GARNETT'S PURE BALSAM OF CAPIVI PILLS. THESE PILLS consist of the pure Capivi Balsam in a consolidated state, and contain all its volatile and active principles, which are totally destroyed by every other mode of preparing it. The efficacy of this Balsam in sexual diseases of the urinary passages has been long known, and its superiority above all other medicines generally admitted. Hitherto the impossibility of admi niatering it in pills and in a palatable form, or without disagreeing with the stomach, has deterred many from its use, as well as led to the employment of various substitutes of much less efficacy. The Pills now recommended have ben employed.in many thousand cases with uniform suc cess; and in a large proportion of these cases, after all other remedies had failed, particularly the spurious imita tion called Balsamic Pills. In gonorrhoea, glees, strictures, weakness, pains of the loins, irritation of the urethra, and gr-avel, in fluor albus, or whites, and in cases of d,•bility, these Pills will remove the disease in a few days, as well as chronic affections of the urinary bladder and kidneys, especially those accom panied by mucous and purulent secretions in the urine. In all diseases in which this Bdsam has been prescribed by physicians and surgeons, these Pills will be found be neficial ; and the more especially as they are the most effi cacious and most agreeable mode of administering this valuable medicine. Sold in boxes at 2s. 9d. and 4s. Gd. each, by the in ventor, G. H. Garnett, ebemi,t, Welbeck-street, C tven dish-square ; aho by Barclay and Sons, 95, Firringdon street ; Sanger, 150, Oxford-street; Sandell, 29, Poultry; Wilkinson, 215, Strand; Shepherd, 176, Fleet-street; Sutton and Co., Bow Church-yard; Butler, Cheapside ; Sellers, 3, Broad-street, Bloornbbury ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford -street; Rea, 14, Upper York-street, Baker-street; Odling, 26, Oxford-street ; Vines, 75, Aldersgate-street; Chappell, Royal Exchange; Mawhood, South -street, Liver pool; and W. B. Herron, Lower Saekville-street, Dublin. Ask for G irnett's Pills. MEETING OF I..IIDDLESEX MAGISTRATES. —The usual Sessional Meeting of the Middlesex Magis trates was held yesterday in the County Court, Clerken well-green. The Deputy Clerk of the Peace read a letter addressed to him by Mr. CONST on the previous day, re peating his wish to retire ; but adding, that he would re tain the office for one additional Session, if his so doing would facilitate the proposed arrangements of the Court. After that period, he wished it to be distinctly understood he should certainly decline acceding to any further ap plication. Mr. Karen moved that Mr. CONST be re quested to remain in office till the close of the October Session. Mr. ORME seconded the motion, which several gentlemen expressed their approval of; and, on the ques tion being put, it was carried without a single dissentient. During the above discussion, 'Mr. CONST bad continued in the private room down stairs, where Sir JOHN GIBBON and other gentlemen now waited on him, and returned shortly afterwards and announced that Mr. CONST had consented to comply with their wishes. A vote of thanks to him for so doing was moved by Mr. Rolm'', and carried by acclamation.. The meeting separred, after disposing of sonic general business. The Frances Charlotte female convict ship arrived last week, at Sheerness, from Woolwich, with convicts for New South Wales. She has also on board 50 spinsters, free settlers, or (which means the same thing) free to settle, for they are going on a matrimonial spec. She remains at the Little Nore under quarantine. CANADA.—The number of emigrants who had landed at Quebec, up to the 10th ult., the date of the last accounts, rather exceeded 44,000 ; of these there had arrived from England, 15,336 ; front Irel.nd, 21,400 ; from Scotland, 4,101 ; from Ilatnburgb and Gibraltar, 9 ; and the remainder from Nova Scotia, Pictuu, &c. The arrivals of emigrants, up to the date of the accounts, ex seeded, by about 4,000, the number that had landed up to the same period last year. The number of vessels that had arrived at Quebec, up to the departure of the ac counts, was 650 ; up to the corresponding period of last year, about 580 had arrived. The sales of land were going on briskly. The returns received from Upper Ca nada show that in the month of July, the Canada Com pany had disposed of 12,332 acres—vz. in the Crown Reserves, 7,742 acres ; in the Huron Tract, 3,333 acres ; and in Guelph, 1,257 acres. The average prices obtained fur the lands have not been returned. The cholera mot bus continued to prevail, and its victims were chiefly per sons of the middle rank. The total deaths in Quebec, since the disease first brake out, were 1,790. The ma lady had shown . itself in most of the small districts of Canada. In trade and commerce much more activity prevailed. It' the accounts from Swan River, via the Cape of Good Hope, are to be believed, the young colony is not in so prosperous a state as we are led to infer from the direct accounts. Considerable gloom is said to have n thrown over the community, owing to a check which the Home Government had put upon the power of the Go vernor to draw bills upon the British Treasury, for un limited sums, and the appointment of a commissary to supersede tie disbursements of the service. One of the chief merchants is said to have broken up his establish ment, and removed to Launceston, and many others were leaving. Vegetables and proviswns continued extremely dear. Onions were Is. per lb. Pears for seed is. per pint. Butter 2s 61. per lb., and other articles in propor sion. Other letters, however, by the Egliptian, state generally that the settlers were quite satisfied, and mony had even decided nut to leave, should Government ulti mately give up the colony. The fanners had excellent crops of corn and hay, and the country bore a very fertilc appearance. One grin of wheat had produced 24S ears of from 50 to 100 grains each. The corn, upon an aver age, produced 60Iba to the bushel. Vegetables grow to an immense size, melons were in abundance, without cultiva. tion, and tobacco grows well. Sugar also could be culti vated. The timber was large and plentiful, and some the trees produced medicinal gums. More labourers were, however, required, and stock was much wanted. Boots and shoes were very scarce, but of all scarcities that of the fair sex is most complained of. COMMITTEE ON THE BANK OF ENG- LAND CHARTER. Examination of THOMAS Arrwoon, Esq. . _ You are a banker at Birmingham ?—I am. Will you state what effect the exclusive privileges of tb Bank of England have had, in your opinion, upon the banking at Birmingham 7 —l think no evil effect whatever. Will yon state what good effect they have had ?—The good effect is perhaps difficult to state; but I have never experienced any inconvenience from the fact of the Bulk of England being the only chartered hank in England. Do you conceive that there is any bad effect resulting from the power which the Balk of England have over the circulation, of the country ?—A very had effect has arisen from the fluctuations in the Bank of England notes ; but I do not consider that the fluctuations have been in any way attributable to the Bank of England. Do you consider that the restriction which exists against any husk having a larger nuntb.T of partners than six being permitted to draw bills tinder 501. upon London, or to issue notes payable in London, is disadvantageous to the public?—Unquestionahly not in the slightest degree. Do you think it advantageous ?—I think the whole system of joint stock banks erroneous and very dangerous; and therefore the more it is limited, in my opinion, the better for the country, and the better ultimately for the parties concerned. Then you would not advise the taking off any restric tions at present existing upon joint stock banks ?—Un que,tionably not ; I should rather recommend an increased restriction upon them. What is your opinion of the effect of the branch banks of the Bank of England ?—I have considered that the branch banks have been a material protection to the coun try, enabling it to slide gradually into a state of depression and extreme distress, which must have occurred suddenly and much more terribly had it not been for the assistance of the branch banks. Is it your opinion, that, assuming that the reverting to the ancient standard was an evil, the branch banks have enatded the country to come into that state with greater ease than it would have done if the branch banks had net existed ?—I must beg leave to answer that in a guarded way. Ido not think the branches have enabled us to ac cotnp!ish that o!ject. I do not think we are yet one tenth pat t of the way to that object ; but I am sure the branch banks have prevented a great explosion of our mo netary system years ago. You conceive that the branches of the Bank of England have facilitated the progress of the country to the standard ? —Yee. In what way do you conceive that they have so ope rated ?—By administering very large masses of circulating money into channels directly acting upon industry and credit. When you sty circulating money, do you mean bank notes and bullion ?-13oth. In what manner have they effected that object ?—I have no knowledge of the extent of the issues of the branch bank; but I know they are lar4e at Birmingham, and at many other places are exceedingly extensive ; in fact, I know that but for their discounts the whole of our neighbourhood, all the manufacturers, and all the mer chants, generally speaking, must have been exposed to much greater difficulties than they have endured. I am unwilling to say the extent to which those difficulties would have gone, because it is painful to reveal the true situation of one's neighbours, and we get blamed for it. Have they effected this object, of giving an increase to the circulating medium of Birmingham, by the facility of dis counts, or by discounting bills at a lower rate?—l❑ no other way than by increasing the facility of discounts, thereby keeping up, not only the mass of circulation acting upon industry and credit, but also keeping up the confi dence of our bankers. How have they increased the facility of discounts?— By discounting generally all the best bills that exist in the neighbourhood, none of the bad ones, and none of the dif ficult ones, which are the weak points, and which require assistance. Would not the country bankers existing in -Birming ham before have been very ready to discount those good bills 2--I have no doubt that they would, but the distress would have been so great, that they would neither have had the power under that issue, nor the will ; as it is, they have got all the bad bills left in their bands, and all the locked-up debts, all the d ingerous and doubtful and difficult affairs are left as legacies of ruin in the hands of the old bankers. The joint stock banks and the branch banks take away all the best of the business. Is not that injurious to the private hankers of Bir mingham ?—The joint stock banks are exceedingly inju rious. The branch bank lam not prepared to say is in- furious. If the branch bank takes away a large portion of the good bills from the country hankers, does not that injure the country bankers 2—Very much so; but under the cir cumstances of the country in the last seven years, that very fact has proved a great assistance to the bankers. Has it brought down the rate of discount?—l never heard a merchant complain of the rate of discount, because banking accommodation is too valuable and too important to make it of any consequence whatever whe ther he pays 5 per cent. or 10 per cent. Has the effect been to lower the rate of discount ?-1 think not; I do not think any of the bankers in Bir mingham discount lower than they did during the war. What was the rate of discount previous to 1325 2—Five per cent, and ss. commission. Was that upon loans or upon good hills ?—Upon good What is the rate of discount in Birmingham at present ? —The same. Does not the branch bank discount at 4 per cent ? Yes, and that draws the good bills ; the branch bank takes none but the best bills. Then, in point of fact, the effect in Birmingham has been to lower the rate of discount upon bills one per cent. ?---Yes, ,o far as concerns the bills discounted by the branch. take a l . cn ite out t e ' r o yh at e k v 7h l n e B o e c i o n n e s m t a e b n s h a i g y b m r a e a n s c u h r e b s a n t k o s b i n e established i?n-Thjes c h u o u u n b t i r;, 'is p h ro n vi o d r e e d .b t r h a e ' ir ch de b a a lin k g s s t w o er b e e confined to the country bankers; then I believe a real country hanker would never again !cop payment in England. That is to say, provided the competition of the branch banks with the country bankers was withdrawn ?--Yes. Why should there be that distinction drawn between the bankers and the merchants in the country, when no such distinction is drawn between the merchants and bankers in London, the Bank of England in London dis counting as well for merchants as for bankers?—The system is so dove-tailed in the habits of 100 years, that it is difficult to say how habits grow up; in London one set of habits have grown up, and in the country another, and a system which is healthy after 100 years' operation in Lon don, may be exceedingly unhealthy, if applied to the great difficulties and embarrassments that exist in the growth of 100 years throughout the country. Do you mean that if the branch bank had not been at Birmingham, all the inferior bills which the bankers now take would have been rejected by them ?—I think they would ; I think if the bankers had had the good bills brought to them, they would have rejected the bad ones, and the bad ones would have increased the great mass of misery in the country. Does not the Bank discounting at a lower rate to bankers than they do to merchants, give an opportunity to the bankers of discounting at the same rate to the public? —I am not aware that the Bank of England discounts with the hankers at a lower rate than with merchants ; cer tainly not in the country; it is only so where the bankers 41 0 not issue their own notes, and then only to a limited ainount, taking from the country banker his bills, which are left in the hands of the Bank of England, who may turn round upon him at 24 hours' notice, and cause his ruin. Are there any instances with which you are acquainted of the branch banks suddenly turning round upon a banker who has been in the habit of discounting with him, and refusing to discount any of his bills ?—I never knew of one within my own knowledge ; I only know that they p, esis. r•i'lise. the of d o i ng so, which is of itself yeienily Is that, in your ropinion, a sufficient objection to the country bankers receiving that kind of accommodation from the branch banks?—l think it is a much greater evil than the one per cent. saved is a benefit. Do you think it would be any advantage to the country bankers, or to the public, if they were allowed to pay their notes in Bank of England paper?—A very great advan tage, I think, to the public. Will it be necessary to make Bank of England notes a legal tender generally in that case?—lf they were made a legal tender from all persons but the Bank of England, 1 think it would give unbounded satisfaction to the country, and be perfectly safe. In what way would it be advantageous to the public ?-- I think much more confidence would be exhibited amot-te all classes of tradesmen, and much more industry employed beneficially. Would it be advantageous to the bankers also ?—I think it would. In case of a period of panic, what would be the effect upon the population at a distance from London in such a case?—lt would be a vast protection to the bankers, and to the public, in such a case. Though it would he a protection to the bankers, would it not deprive the inhabitants of the country of the power of acquiring coin, in order to make their payments ?--- I think not ; I think they would send their bank-notes to London very readily, and they would get gold in the course of three days, and I think it would give dissatisfaction to no human being. Do you think that every small holder of bank-notes i❑ the country would in that case send his notes to London ; do you not think that there would be, as there are in France, money changers, who charge an agio for convert ing Paris bills into cash, and that in times of panic there might be a considerable discount charged upon the ex change of bank-notes ?—I think no panic could ever arise towards the notes of the Bank of England in the present state of the public mind. Have you never known any instance in which persons have wished for gold in preference to Bank of England notes?—Not from panic. From what cause?—For the purpose of exporting gold, or of hoarding it. Have you never known it from any other cause?—l never knew a desire of getting bank-notes converted into gold for any purpose but either for that of exportation or of hoarding ; they never prefer gold to bank-notes in any other case. What do vim call a political excitement with a view to distress the Government ?—That is hoarding. Is it not the nature of a panic to be vague and undefined, and, without reasoning much upon whether the Bank of England may ultimately be solvent or not, to desire to con vert the paper into gold?—I believe that 99 men out of 100 throughout England, at present believe the bank-note to be a legal tender, like the sovereign. If that is the general belief, what should have induced people, during the late political excitement, to endeavour to convert their Rank of England notes into gold ?-111ore a political object than a fear of loss : no fear of loss, cer tainly. Could they believe that a Bank of England note was a legal tender, when they were generally aware of their power of converting the Bank of England note into gold, and exercised that power?—The better informed men, of course, knew ; the merchants and manufacturers of Lon don, of course, know that the bank-note is not a legal tender; they know it now, but they did not know it dur ing the panic of 1825. Did not this panic in May last extend to small traders and working people ?—The real object of that run was, first, political men were displeased, and they said—We will do all the mischief we can by the legal means in our power ; the second object was, that every man was alarmed, and thought that society was going to break up, and he thought lie would have a few sovereigns for protec tion, thinking that the bank-notes would be worth nothing in a general stoppage. Does not that prove the very point, that at particular periods panic does extend to the mass of the people?—The effect of a drain upon the Bank of England certainly may be occasioned in the present state of the law. Supposing the Bank of England note was made a legal tender by country bankers, how would you provide with a smaller currency in the country ?--I see no hope of doing it whatever, but in the Bank of England making 11. notes. Would not the necessity which the country banker must in all cases be in, of paying broken sums in less than 51., make it necessary for hint to pay a certain quantity of so vereigns in exchange?—l think it would render it neces sary for him to have either 11. Bank of England notes, or to lie compelled to pay sovereigns. Might not they be allowed to pay in Bank of England notes in exchange for their liabilities, although there were no Bank of England n-tee under Si. ?—Undoubtedly. As the country bankers at present are not allowed to issue notes below 51., why would it be necessary, in order to enable them to change those notes for Bank of England paper, that the Bank of England should issue notes below Si. ?—I should think it dangerous to make Bank of Eng land notes a legal tender from the country bankers, with out making them a legal tender from all other persons at the same time. What necessity would there he for having notes of a smaller denomination of the Bank of England, in order to xnab'e other persons to take them as a legal tender ?—I think that the probability is that the prosperity consequent upon this change would be such, that it would raise the prices of manufactured goods, and turn the exchanges ul timately against us. Do you apprehend that the making Bank of England notes a legal tender would have the effect of turning the exchanges against us ?—I think it might lie expected to do so in a few years : I think it would increase the facilities of accommodation, and the circulation of money, and prices of commodities, and the prosperity of the country. In what way would it increase the facilities of accom modation :'—The country bankers, having Bank of Eng land notes made a legal tender, would keep a less quantity of sovereigns, and would throw them into circulation, and they would feel a greater degree of confidence in their own minds; and I think merchants and manufacturers gene rally would feel a greater degree of confidence, and I think the d,m 4 nd for Bank of England notes in the country would be materially lessened. I think the country notes would wage a kind of war with them to a certain extent, and an increase of country bank-notes would take place under their protection. Why should country hankers feel an increased confidence in consequence of being able to pay their notes in Bank of England paper, would they be able to procure Bank of England paper on cheaper terms tha❑ they are able now to procure sovereigns ?—ln no other way, except in their mental operation upon confidence and credit ; I think it would act upon confidence and credit so as to increase the circulation of the country and the prices of property. Is it not the fact that the country banker could not ac quire 1,0001. of Bank of England notes, unless he gave security worth 1,000 sovereigns ?—True, and lie can now conve. t his bank -notes into sovereigns, if he wishes it, as he could then ; still I think the making the Bank of Eng land note a legal tender would have a great effect upon credit, and confidence, and prices in the country. If, then, the effect of this measure would be to turn the exchanges against us, would not that produce a draught of bullion from the Bank of England ?—Certainly. If it produces a draught of bullion from the Bank of England, do you think that that draught of bullion from the Bank of England would be permanent ? —lt would continue till it brought down prices again to their present level, or rather lower. Do you tbinliitould be an advantage to the country to produce that fluctuation ?—I think even a temporary prosperity is hater thin certain ruin. Would nut that temporary prosperity, if it were to pro• duce such a re-action as you describe, produce as certain ruin as you think would take place in the present state of things ?—I am not certain that it would produce that re action, beca'use an increase of paper credit, and a greater confidence consequent upon its operation, would occasion a rise of prices throughout Europe; for, the nations, being relieved from the extreme pressure they now feel, would certainly raise the prices of their manufactures; and the quantity of bullion thrown out of England, perhaps one half of what now exists iu England, would produce so much prosperity in foreign countries, that it would also assist in elevating their prices, and in enabling them to consume at high prices our manufactured goods in the same way as they do now at low prices. In what manner would a rise in the price of the manu factures, which foreign nations buy from England, be any relief to the foreign nations ?—The foreign manufacturers being relieved from the extreme pressure of the English cheap manufactures in their markets, would immediately raise the price of foreign manufactures, and foreign na- tions, receiving a mass of our bullion, would have the means of paying those high prices, and of giving higher prices for English manufactures. Do you suppose that the mode in which foreign nations would receive this mass of bullion would be in consequence of the exchanges being against this country ?—The ba lance of exchange or the balance of trade being turned against this country, would certainly carry out a part of the bullion ; I sin not sure that it would carry out so great a proportion as to create another fall of prices. Do you know what was the state of the prices abroad Jast year, the time when gold was leaving the country ; and the balance of trade consequently against us?—A great de preciation of price, all over the continent, in manufactures And therefore the export of a quantity of bullion from this country to the continent had not the effect of raising prices upon the continent ?—Not immediately, but in the course of a few years it must have that effect. Yon have stated, that the consequence of making Bank of Euglind notes a legal tender every where, except at the Bank of England, would be to raise prices, and to tut it the exchanges against us ; is it not a necessary effect, that in raising prices and turning the course of exchanges against us, gold will be exported instead of manufactures, the effect of which would be that the want of a market would be felt by the manufacturing districts, and conse quently the very circumstance you speak of would dimi nish our foreign trade ?—Until the price of our English manufactures fell again ; but I beg to observe that I think it highly probable that the additional consumption of English manufactures at home would more than make atnends for any diminution of consumption of English ma nufactures abroad; and I think half the quantity of Eng lish manufactures abroad sold for fair prices, are bete, than a double quantity sold at ruinous prices. Do you mean to s iy that when prices at home rise, there would be an increased consumption of those articles ?-- Unqaestionably. Ts it not the case that when prices rise the consumption of them is diminished ?—Certainly not ; when genera! prices rise by an increase of money, I consider that the consumption is unquestionably increased ; if general prices rise by any famine, or any deficiency of production or n supply, then the consumption diminishes ; but if gener-t! prices rise by a general increase of money and credit, the consumption increases. Is it not the effect, that when prices rise in conse quence of an altered value of money, some period elaps, before the price of labour is raised in proportion ?—I think the price of labour, if the money is judiciously increased, rises first. You have stated that this rise of prices would contint until, by the exchanges being turned against us, the cur rency was reduced and the prices fell ; would not, then, the effect of the measure you contemplate be to occasion the very fluctuations in price which you deprecate?-1 should hope that when such a happy state of things ahoul•1 ever again arise in England, as to have a state of prices which would preserve the reward of industry and the em ployment of labour, that is so great a blessing, the first blessing of civilized life, that I should hope the Legisla ture would then pause before they suffered the course t:f exchange to arrest that general happiness, and bring on a general misery a fourth time. Is it your meaning that when the exchanges fell, and there was a demand for gold far export, you would have the Legislature interfere in order to prevent the Bank of England from making its payment ?—Unquestionably, and my reason for wishing this state of credit to be restored is, that I think we are now in a very miserable and dan • gerous position ; but if ever we should get into a state re prosperity and comfort again in this country, and should find that prosperity slipping from under our feet by the course of exchange, Government may then interfere by an Order in Council with safety. Does not the plan you suggest lead ultimately to unli tnited depreciation ?—I think not. A depreciatioa oi money equivalent to 10s. to a bushel of wheat, is all I should think necessary in times of plenty. Then what you propose as the new standard is not gold, but a definite quantity of wheat ?—lf we must have a gold standard, which I think by no means suitable to our arti ficiAl state of society, I should think it wise and pruden. to adopt such a standard as would preserve such a plen. of money as would keep the bushel of wheat at 10s. Is not that equivalent to making the standard of value not gold, but wheat ?—lt certainly has a tendency to bring in new principles in aid of the ancient standard, or-rather it creates a new metallic standard of value. Would not those principles entirely subvert the ancient standard ?—I think they probably would. Then is the reason why you are in favour of this alter ation of the system, that you think it would render it ab solutely necessary, when this temporary rise of prices was over, and the exchanges were turned against us, and a con sequent run took place upon the Bank, for the Legislature to interfere in order to enforce a suspension of cash pay vents?—That is one reason ; also I think we should restore prosperity by these means, and give contentment to the public mind ; and then, having done that, if this contingency should arise, we should he in a condition either to force the country again into a state of misery and anarchy, or to make an Order in Council upon the Bank of England, and cast anchor upon a new metallic standard, or upon a limited circulation of Bank of England notes. have no idea that we can possibly exist as we are now going on. Does not the power of consumption depend upon 6, quantity of commodities produced ?--Yes ; I think thy• quantity of consumption depends almost entirely upon the process of production. How would any alteration of the monetary system affect the power of production ?-13y calling every labourer and workman in the kingdom into full employment, by giving him full wages, and by enabling him to consume masses of all other commodities annually, equivalent to the muse, which his own labour produces. Will you have the goodness to state the way in which you would arrive at that result?—l consider that con sumption is solely occasioned by the process of production —I consider consumption the sole effect of production. which effectuates in its very process a consumption equiva lent to its - own products ; and if any difference occurs, the surplus is national wealth. Do you consider, then, that an increase in the circu lating medium of the country increases the power of pro duction ?—Undoubtedly, and of consumption equally. Do you Mean permanently, or merely while "the nominal amount of the prices is on the rise ?—Permanently ; just the same for 100 years as for 1. Will you explain bow ?---The prices of property being raised by an increase of the circulation, a reward is 0 , -- tamed in the production of every article of industry, anti that reward calls all labour into full employment. Th.• productive powers of the nation being thus put upon full stretch, a greater• mass of annual wealth is thus pr..- duced, and in the very act of the production of that addi tional mass of commodities and wealth the consumption td such additional mass is itself effected, either in the shape of wages, profits, or taxes. . - If depreciating the currency has the effect of raising the prices, in what way can you at the same time in crease the ability of the purchaser of those commodities ; is it not finally an exchange of two articles, and with re spect to the standard, which gives nomin il value to it, does it matter whether that be altered or not, seeing tha , the two articles must be exchanged ?--Very seriously in deed, because one is an exchange at prices which covet the burdens of industry and insure its reward, and the other is an exchange at prices which ruin each party. If the wages of labourers be raised in this way, are n.t the articles of consumption raised just in the same pro portion ?—All the difference is, that in the one case the labourers have high wages to purchase commodities at high prices, in the other case they have low wages to pur. chase commodities at low prices, with this difference, that when low wages come, the taxes and the rents which those workmen pay are not reduced in proportion, and tin- i! labour is less in demand. I have one particular instance in my eye at this moment ; I live in the midst of about 50,000 nailers, within 20 miles of Birmingham; their wages have fallen since the war from 16s. to Bs. a-week with the s.tme machinery and the same labour ; now the rent of their cottage and workshop has not fallen a farthing; it is 3s. per week now, as it was during the war ; there fore they now get ss. per week applicable to the purcha.e of food and necessaries of life, where they formerly got 131. per week applicable to that purpose. Probably the same state of things exists in all branches of the iron trade 2—ln every branch of trade in Englind, Ibe lieve. Have there not been peculiar circumstances which have affected the price of iron 2—Unquestionably not; the ge neral contraction of the currency is the sole cause of the depreciation of the iron trade. Was not the iron trade, in all its branches, for man) years a very profitable trade?—Like all other trades in England, it was so for two or three years together. At that period were not large masses of capital invested in iron-works in consequence ?—Not more than are being invested now, for it is a very curious fact, that the yer) distress of trade increases the productio❑ of some particu lar trades in two ways; first, workmen work harder consequence of the fill of their wages; and second, the capitalists, in their struggles to avoid ruin, increase 661 productions. In the iron trade, for example, if they have two furnaces, they will build another furnace, because the loss upon two furnaces is 10s. per ton; but if they add a 'third furnace to it, the loss will, upon the whole, be re duced to sa. per too; and nothing is more common titan for manufacturers to increase their establishments at the very time they are on the road to ruin. Has capital been invested in your neighbourhood lately ? ---Within the la-t five or six months, when the iron-mas ters and manufacturers generally are all going to ruin, and are in a state that I do not like to describe, because we all feel the painfulness of it, they are many of them still enlarging their works, not to partake of profit, hut to prolong the path to ruin, by diminishing their general , charges. In that case, of course, the depression of trade hears much heavier upon those who are not in a condition so to augment their works ?—Much heavier. Must not that be one principal cause of the distress that prevails with you now, and is it not very much confined to that class of people ?—lt is not confined ; the distress is like the atmosphere, amongst all working classes and trading classes in England. Do you mean without exception ?—I say without ex ception, although I know that extreme difficulty exists in getting at this truth, for I myself feel great pain in stating it ; but my opinion is, most decidedly, that all trade in England has within the list seven years been carried on at a positive loss, except where speculators have now and then made a profit. And you think that the effect of that distress has b-on to increase production ?—ln some trades, unqoestionably. How is that consistent with an answer you gave, th it you thought that all consumption depended upon the in crease of production, and that the increase of production would tend to the prosperity of the trade ?-1 . 1.e wages of labour of the unhappy labourers are paid at half the pr ice ; the consequence of which is, that though they nook 1G hours a day in some trades, they do not get so great a re ward in exchange as when they worked 12 hours a day. Then you do not think that the increase of production alone will tend to the prosperity of the country 2—Not un less it is at high prices ; it is the plenty of money that makes prosperity. Then a plenty of money, raising the profits of the people, is what you think is to increase the prosperity of the country ?—Unquestionably, I believe nothing else will do so ; I mean by that, not a wild increase of money, but such an increase of money as will be sufficient to raise the prices of property and labour above the level of tt e fixed charges which the law and the habits of the country Im pose upon production. Is the production of the country greater or less than it was seven years ago ?—ln some instances it is greater, hut in others it is less. It is greater, by the inoretinate thiS of some classes of men ; and less by the total want of em ployment, and the state of half employment, of other classes of men. In the aggregate, should you say that it is greater or less ?—lt is less. The aggregate productions now I colt- Bider are less than they have been for the last seven years. Do you think the aggregate capital employed its pro duction is less than it was a few years ago ?—I think; there is little or no capital employed in productive power now; the capital is annihilated, considered as money. Can there he production without capital employed in production ?—The capital is annihilated ; it consists of brick and mortar, machinery and engines, which are almost worthless. I know one case of a cotton-mill, which cost, seven years ago, 35,0001., that was sold by auction a fortnight ago for 5,000/. Is the food and raiment annihilated with which the la bourer is maintained ?—The capital I consider to be the buildings, and machinery, and dead stock, and implements and tools. I know a case, in Birmingham, of valualtle tools and implements of a brass foundry, which coat savers years ago 1,5601., which sold a few weeks ago for 1251. Do you mean to say that the buildings and implementa for producing the manufacture are not in existence ? They are in existence, but they are worth almost nothing at all. Within what period do you consider that the capital invested in manufactures has been annihilated ?—ln the last 7 years. Has there been no fresh capital invested in manufao tures ?—No, except in the manner 1 have described, in the desperate struggles of men trying to escape from rein. You consider, then, that no capitalists have invested their capital in manufactories with a view to productive re turns within the last seven years ?—I am certai❑ of it-. Is there any increase in the cotton manufacture within the last seven years?—The destruction of one man makes a rise of another. In some cases, in the cotton trade, int. mense mills have been sold or let for a fifth of their vain,' ; and eut of that destruction a new tradesman, coming in unshackled, sometimes contrives to exit, but nut to make a profit. Does not a branch of manufacture sometimes establish itself in a new part of the country, to the very serious in jury of property in- places where it formerly existed ?-1 - have known nothing of that kind within the last seven years. I see every one shrinking from manufactures; every one that can draw out 1-10th part of his c tpital gradually does it, but I have seen no determination of capital into any trade within the last seven years; on the contrary, I have made it te point, within the last seve❑ years, of ask ing the question, and I am sure I have asked it of a thou sand well-informed tradesmen, whether they knew of any branch of industry existing in England, in which a pm. dent man of industrious habits, with 10,0001. in his pocket, and of competent knowledge, would be justified in embarking his capital ; and I have never met with but one single instance in which that question has been answered in the affirmative, and that single instance was a Man chester gentleman ; and, when I came to cross-examine him, he broke down. You have stated that the fixed capital of the country is absolutely annihilated ?—Yes, I consider it so, as con vertible into money. You have stated also, that in many instances capital has changed hands ?—Capital which was worth 100,000/. has fallen in some cases down to 5,000/. ; that 5,000/. gets into new hands, and enables the new man to carry on the machinery and the trade till another failure drives him to sell it for 2,0001. ; and so there seems no limit to the de pression in progress. When do you consider that process commenced, of the destruction of capital ?—ln the autumn of 1825. It commenced in the first place in 1816, and then it was changed in 1817 and ISIS ; then it commenced again ita 1819, and went on till 1822; and then it changed again, and prosperity came till 1825. Do you apprehend that since 1819 the wealth of Bir mingham has been diminished ?—Must seriously. I do not believe the wealth of Birmingham is one-halt what it was prior to 1816. Do you think that the consumption of articles of luxury in llirtningham has decreased very much during that period ?—Terribly in the last one or two years, but per haps not in the last 12 years. Supposing the case to he that the number of two wheeled carriages has doubled in amount since that time? —Fashion and extravagance are eccentric things. The roads have been wonderfully improved by macadamization, and luxury increases beyond any thing, and education in creases beyond any thing, which leads to an increase of expense; and I am sorry to say that at Birmingham, tor the list 15 years, every man seems to me to have increased his expenses at a time when I positively know his fortune has been diminishing. If, in other articles of expense there has been a great in crease,—in servants, for instance, and in four-wheeled c ir- riages,—you do not think that proves any thing as to the comfort and wealth of the inhabit , nts of Birmintzham ? Certainly not : there is no we filth and no comfort there, and there is no safety amongst manutacturers (r mer chants; but they will, perhaps, not acknowledge this. Do you call improved roads an increase to the capital of the country?—Yes, hut I consider the improved roads have grown out of the poverty of th e lab o ur ers ,. that the parishes have generally been obliged to employ them in br.aklng stones for the roads. If there is this increase of luxury in Birmingham, and this increase of expense, and at the same time the capital and the means of the parties have diminished in the extra ordinary way you have stated, how have they been enabled to carry o❑ this additional expense ?—A vast number of them have been totally ruined. If there has been this increased consumption during the list 16 years, and during all that time the poverty or Bit-_ miugham has been increasing, must not the supply of capital to meet that consumption have been provided, if not by Birmingham, by some other parts of the country? —Certainly not; it was an accumulation of the industry of the war. Do you anticipate that the consumption of articles of luxury will go on increasing in the manner it has done for the last 16 years, or that it will diminish ?—lt is irnpossi ',le it can go on increasing; it must diminish most pain fully if the present state of the country continues. Should you not think that if during a period of 16 years the capital of Birmingham has been constantly diminish ing, the power of consumption must have been exhausted at a much earlier period than it appears to have been doing, if they were living upon the savings of the previous peri od ?—There is a vast influx of capital and population from all parts of the country into the great towns, Birmingham amongst the rest. Then you do admit that some other parts of the country have supplied capital?—Not for manufacturing purposes, Out to build houses and reside there ; people come from the distant vidageh country gentlemen and little capitalists, who live upon their annuities and incomes, and they bui d houses and rent houses about Birmingham. Is not this a proof of the influx or the means wh,rewith