The Sun. — London, England, 1814-08-24 00:00:00

THE SUN REVIEW. (No. XXVJT.) FREDERICSTAPT, MOSS, CURIST,LANfA, THE- SEAT OF WAR IN NORWAY, Travels 'hrott;-/i .Norteay and Lapland, airing the I'l2ars . BOG, 7, and S;, by`,LEt!tvoLt , VONT 13 . 1! perriber of the Royal Academy of Sciences . at Berlin. Traibil;ttea..from 'the . Original cerrnan by JOINBLAcx*, with Notes. and .11.- 10-tratiuns,ehielly .Mineralogical, and some Accouut.of this Author, by .110;mni JAmEsON,.r.n.s.E. F.L.S. trate.i with:gaps and Physical Sections.—llEN tr.( CQLL t: don ; G. Gpi.DIE, Edinburgh; and J. Cu . ADit G, Dublin, 4to. pp. 4so. Independent of its general merits as a Work of sCience, and its recommendations as a production of lasting information, the subject of our present • Number'has at this moment peculiar claims to notice and attention, from its . unfoldingthe situa tion.of a country upon which.the eyes of Europe are now fixed, to observe,. at this extremity, the last convulsions' of that dreadful disorder which has so long and so terribly agitated the entire Continent. It is here that the latest horrors of ex hausted war are', still displayed ; here the fiercer passions still rage; and, while the rest of man kind apply themselves with apparently cordial and unanimous devotioo to, cultivate the blessed works of Peace, the torch of discord continues to inflame the Northern Horizon, and the Sword of hostility to - (1 - Ciotti the bounties of Nature, the labours of - . man, and Man himself. The Translator; whO has executed his task with great fidelity and ability, - introduces the stores of Mr NroN Soca to the English Reader by a Pre :free, in which he notices- the . very . sesnity War _ Dtation respecting NorWayhith - erto attainable in lhas ecmun4y, and promisesJhat the ,deficiency -shall. be in a great measure. supplied by the enstr, inepages and,, _after perusing them, - we have pleasttre in stating, that belies kept , his ‘vordes-- for not only floes his Original furnish , ample ae cOunts of the mineralogical riches of the country, bnd_ Of its..geology,. but also . accurate 314 lively descriptions Of the population, their Manners and customs, and of the political state Ofthe - natiOn, as, welt ap ihe. commercial .capacitie,,s,,..6Ste..4. its various parts. The politics of the PrefaceArre of the' opposition stamp, 'the facts ill-authenticated, Arid the conMuSions errooeohs. From Mr. Voit.Boen's view r e f Norway, it is very evident that the difficult nature .o f its lakes and Mountain§ offer great obstacles to the progress •of an invading army; and that - a determined people, adequately supplied with provisions, might, if they did not ultitnately triumph, for a , • lengith of time at least inc ees sf o ltv accripy - and resist ame most powerful attack. The Translator assumes that they universally and irreConcile ably hate tile Swedes, and will overthrow them in every attempt to force Norway. to submission. The premises are false, and the conclusions smack mote of the wishes of the Theorist than of the conviction of the well-informed mind. We fancy there is net a doubt in any sound judgment that Norway Must yield, and very speedily ;, and well Will it be for her when she is united to Sweden. But, we shall not be provoked into politics even by the ill-placed dicta of this Translator,swho had much better haVe stuck to the task he was so much more competent to execute— that of giving a correct. and excellent trans lation of Ids Author, of whom Professor JAME SON, in his Biographical Sketc informs us that he is a Prussian by birth, and a disciple of the. Mineralogical School of the celebrated %VER- N E . Doctor J. also briefly ,enumerates his prin cipal literary labours, and the result-of his geog mostical inquiries in theseNorthern.llegions. :o;mr Aathor principally .directs his , attention to tlieMineralogy and' Nateral Ilistory of the Coun try tLroitgh which he travels..; bat as that varz . of ivor!i: is too yolumnotts to.admit of extract; we trot Olir Readers' will rardun outtelerrilig-thm to - the Work itself for thiS valuabte portion or its ,a ! insi chiefly - notleink sfiehlioiat. as are more eonneeted With its statisticahituation and political qualities ;,.especially as stich,are now the most' interesting" topics,; -arising out of the actual stale of Norway Our Author , sets out from rserlin, and . ..after Copenhagen, Sic. passer through Frede , rieks6kand Moss to Christiania, 01 these places, which very recent - cirCumnstances render 0 much time - objects of curiosity, the following are the only notices which we can extract from Mr. Vcits BucH. Frederickstadt - (page 24) - ". one of th e Princi pal., fortifications o f t h e country, and a very small, • though not . .alt'bgether an nuthriving, town, In > time of peace, - a whole regiment ilea" in •.the., , garrisoa..here, and vessels conic close to the - walls. Although time number of .inhabi talits, it was found in 1801, did not exceed 1837 persons, this is . 1)= no means a small 'norther for a town in the North ; and the half of all theSwe- . 1 dish towns are not :More populous. We made no fong.,-.a6y, but p r o cee d e d to descend the Glow men, iltepriticipal stream of time North, over which we passed at . t‘ ferry. We found the stream every„way -deserving of its fame. , It runs with great-ranidity, and beiow the town is at least ftS broad as the Rhine at Cohleutz, notwithstanding . the separat i on of a chnsiderable arm from the • main stream, about a mile farther up, at Th uno c ,” 25.:Y '' We soon arrived at Moss, where a considerable river runs foaming 0ver..5.0u5.,j,,, file middle of -the town,•dasbing clown from, one•wheel to another, till at last, at the edge of the Bay of Christiania, it d r i ves the bellows of .a, great ii on work." Thise iron -works, :end the triamh tft4l,4,4qtp ; 'carried on, ''maintains and enriCheS the w.holl of the-South of Norway." FrOni Muss tholraml,, lers proceeded to Skytsjord .1 • • fyinca •L,ovlish te 431 miles from Cliristiania;_ and -533 feet above level of the sea. This place they reached in Clic eoining of the same -dity, andthere re - sta .- for tht - , . night. Ou the folby,riug (lay they wet 4 to niriS tiailia, the ro l ite to. Which.is thns destribed, These mild (fourteen Log!isli) we passed in . . a most delightfasannmer morning r --a favour which seemed to be conferred,upon- us by: Ifeaven, that the view of. - the wondtrfi:d country round Chris- . • tiania might he t t ijoy e d by ps,ip all its g lory.---; What variety! MIA astonishing forms of ob . jests, lOoking doW n f ro n t the height .01 Egeberg.. The-large town at 'the end of, the bay,\.in the midst . • of the country, spreads out in sm a ll di v e rgen t J masses in every direction, till it is at last lost in-; the distance among villages, • farm-houSes, and : sountry houses. There are ships in the harbour, ships behind the fascinating little islands befoi the bay; and other sails still appear in the distance. The majestic forms in the horizon of the steep hills rising over other hills, Which ,bOund the country to the WeStward, are worthy of CLAUDE LORRAINE:"./ have Icing been seeking, for a resemblance to this country and to this land scape. - It is only to be found at Geneva, on the Savoy side, towards the mountains of Jura : but the lake of Geneva does,not possess the islands 'of the Viord, theilitunerints masts, and the ships and boats in sail. Here we have the impression of an extraordinary and beautiful country, united in a wonderfully diversified manner, with the pleasure deriVed from the cOntemplation of human industry , and activity. .' • We descended by numerous serpentine wind • ings the stetp height of theletgeberg, through he remains of the old town of Opslo; and throngh a Combined row of houses along the bay to Chris tiania, which •we reached about mid-day of' the 30th of July.'' From this - account our Readers will be able to. perceive what .kind of country, of roads, of obsta ' cles,Stc. the .Swedish Army has now before it (after the capture of. ,Frederiestadt) •in its march upon Christiania. Of Christiania itself our Author gives us the following minute description, Which,, we are'sure wiil-be very acceptable to our Readers, and °therefore, though we , have. already nearly reachid our prescribed limits, we - Make ho:excuse for transcribing for their. .gratiticatiOn. What make: Christiania the capital of Nor way, is not merely the. presence of the principal constituted. Autthorities and pu:idic bodies of the country, aor is it the superiority of its popula tion, for Bergen contains double the number of inhabitants ; but it is rather the extensive influ ence of this town ov e r the greatest part of the country ; •the various connections of .the inhabi 7 ; tants, partly with the capital of the kingdoth, and ; partly with foreign countries, and the social mode. of lite and cultivation of those inhabitants. • " Whoever is acquainted with northern towns, will discover, from the exterior of Chi istiana, that it is a distinguished, a thriving, and even a beau tiful town ; for the streets are....not only broad and straight, and nearly all intersect one another at right angles, which gives a 'gay and animated ap pearance to the Whole, but• almost all the ,houses arebuilt of stone; and wooden log-houses are, for the most.part, banished to the remotest streets of the suburbs:' These, stone-houes are highly esteemed by tie natives from the interior, who have only been ac- 7 customed to see the wooden buildings ofßergen, Drontheim, Skeen,. &c. 'The town is by no means nnifOrm, but i 5 vided into several small towns, the boundaries of Which May almost be laid . dOwn with certainty. there is an exact boundary between the part of the town'occupied with the inland trade and that where the foreign trade is carried on." In 1801, the number of inhabitants, including. the garrison, amqunted . to 900, of whom 110 were shopkeepers, .220 retail dealers, rind 242 master artisans. There is . a:weekly market, and an annual .or winter fair in Januai y, when prodi gious crowds of Slyedes, Danes, Norwegians, assemble' together in this place, and form one of the`most interesting speetacleS which a stranger visiting Norway can behold. o be:continued.] PRIVATE CORIZESPONDENCE. gr 'HANIBURG - H,. AUG. 16:— . --This morni ng 'he r . Royal i - ighaesS,th.e Princess . of Wales arrived here' with lier suite ) 'under the na!Tteof the , Countess of NVolfenbut.tel., -Every where; during her passage; she was received by ero‘vds of people with all the_ attention and respect due to :her. Illustriou s rank. This evening her Royal- Highness honoured the Theatre With her prescuce,..where she experienced that enthusiasm which has ever marked -the iianr z , burgh public'for the members of the august House of En hand.." . • Core NHAGEN, . AUG. 13.—Mr. Foster has, just•detiVercd in, his credentials as Minister from England. T be - ratification by the' Briti'Sh vernment of the additional articles of our treaty, of peace with England leas arrived, and we shall soon, re-outer into pOsseSsion of our'West India Colonies. In addition to the Bulletin of • the Crown Prince, (see The Sun of ,yesterday),: a private report from Uddewankstates, that Gene., ral Vegesack . has repulsed, with 2000 men, a Nor. Wegian corps 'of GOOO. " BERLIN, AUG. 14:—Prince Hardenberg will , I vet out, about the Ist of September, for the Con - (Tress of -Vienna. The preliminary conferences ivill commence on the, 10th of September. The superb Russian guards, called the- youncoards, consisting of 10,000 men, have arrived here. They will remain three .days, - and will be enter tamed at a pahliefestival. The Emperor Alexan_: der has caused to be restored to - the relatives o f Prince' Poniatowski, his possessions in i'oland, which had been confiscated. Themortal remains of King Stanislaus Lecivrski have been Conveyed I front Lorraine :to l'arsaw. According to letters from St. Petirshurgb, of. the 30th .of duly, the Emperor-Alexander had passed in review all' the tlO6ps of that capital: IlarOn Anstetten had al.- riveilthere from London.',' FREYC II PAPERS. PARIS, AUG. W. —Accounts from Altona state, Tat inconsequence of tfie hostilities between 5u -<. den and Norway, it 'was understood' thatv)the Russians would: fidvance still farther into Den mark, and take possession of Giuckstadt. Carricatures rapidly succeed one another, and the windtki-s of the print shops are surrounded by crowds of amateurs. Many of these productions are laughable, but many may become dangerous if circulated in the• country, and might excite, the peasantry to use violence to,wards the overseers of the collection of certain taxes. The same pru• deuce which' has restrained the liberty of the pen, will, without doubt, repress the licentionsnes the graver. MADRID, 41/G. 9.—A Royal Ordonnance has just been published, by which his Majesty abd ishes the•torture, and forbids all superior and'in ferior Judges to employ that kind of punishment towards criminals or witnesses, in order to extract from them 'confessions. His Majesty at the same time orders; that, in the construction of priSOns; - ; attention should be paid that they be at once wholesome and• Secure, in order that those con fined may not be subjected to anticipated punish nient. IMS alSo signified his plea Sure that pri soners be set to work. - - •.• • - Note of the Editor of the Journal des Deals.— It would appear that the Decree against French men, of which our Bayonne correspondent spoke yesterday ; has only been published in Arragon.and Catalonia, provinces where there .have been popu lar commotions, and where some Frenchmen, as well as those called their partisans (los ttfranceth dos), have,been assassinated. , . • A great many reports are still curreut.bere,..as to the intentions of 'Ch ar les "IV. ; . but nothing positively kna.vn. It is probable that thi . ine... mies of the existing order of things have eXtitcal these dangerous rumours, in order'tO produce dis affection even among the partisans- of the ohl order of things,. whO have had reason to besatis lied with all that has - been hitherto done. Nuncio ?s now: well . repaid . for all the affronts, which .he receiyed.at Cadiz. He en jtiys.the higheit consideration" at Court, and every thing is expected from the generosity.of his senti ments. lie is the brother Of the late *Admiral Gravina, distinguished for his honourable charac ter, and by his glo r i ous d eat h i n consequence o f, the wounds he received at the battle of Trafalgar, The prfueipal members of the:Cortei, who 'in; cured his MaYsty's'ribiplea'sure, are still in prison; and it does not appear that 'they - will . soon" be brought to trial. It'is said that they 'display great deal of firmness and- obstinacy: ; rt 2 Getteral Lacey has received orders to repair to Madrid ; and General . Louis de - Bassecoint, late Chief of Staff, has been appointed Ito succeed him as Captain-General of Gallicia. We have. already taken occasion to remark, that this Officer is of foreign origin, as well as the Odonells, Odo nojus, Wimpffens, and Compignys, Blake, ES- pague, Oneil, Reding, &c. • It is currently reported that Ostolaza; the Fa ther Confessor of his }Majesty, well kno wn for hi s tiradeS in the Co r te s , has been 'orde;-ed to qUit, this capital, as well as the ReVerend Editor of the' 44talaya,. or La Mancha Sentinel. NAPLES, JULY 28. she division of Neapolitan troops, - which formed part of the garrison 'of Dantzick, arrived on the 12th at Chieti.;—A pri vateer under the Spank!' flag,' in contempt- of good faith, 'had taken two Neapolitan vessels in our Grit, which it carried to Penia. 'Tire English Commandant ,of, that Isl e , cons id er i ng that the King of Naples was at 'peace with' his ,Catliolie, Majesty, as ,well as with all other Pourers, has seized the privateer, and declared 'the two cap tured vessels bad prize. ROME, Aug, 3.•-•-The feast of .St...lgnatius of Loyola, founder of the Order of flit: Jesuits, was celebrated on the.3lst tat; with Very great pomp, in the church of jesus. An immense concourse of the faithful were present, and a number o f 'Car dinals assisted a t th e offices,'• • • • A Decree of his - Hisliness, dated the 30th of July, orders•that the feudal jurisdiction be imme-s diately restored to every Baran, 'with the'rights and privileges-thereto attached.. AUGSBURG, AUG. I last courier from It entre brings the : intelligence. 'that the Russian General, •Cousit Sehuwaloff,' badsarrived in that city. - the , • Cominand6r -who pained i3uonaparte to the ,Isle.of Elba. M. Louis Buonaparte was exp ec t e d at .Rome froju,Ssvitzer land, in order to . pass some time yith his brother . Lucien. There are - some Irish Bishops now at Rome, who are residing its that city on business • relating to their country,' .and.especiallv on ac- Count of the *negotiations on foot betwe en th e Rope and-the Conic of Lendon*,* cancerning• the taking of the oath to be imposed a n the Catho lics, who are' in fuinie to be adinitted into Par liament. • It is affirmed .that a great . misunderstanding exists between the Court of Ronie and the King of Naples ; that this monarch has pretensions on the Legateshipof Urino,' and, that the sent by the. King to Rome has not been received ; by the Holy Father—that an extraordinary:Nea politan eourier bas been assassinated near Velletri by robbers, WhO carried off his dispatchei, &c. Since Wurzburg-and Aschaffenburg hM'e been united. to Bavaria, the project is again talked of uniting the Danube to the M e i n an d t h e Rhi ne by a canal. The execution of this plan would be attended with incalculable advantages to Bavaria. VIENNA, AUG. 7 , --:According news, from Trieste; the Croat regiments which:were in the .Prench service have been newly organized, 'and their, force already amounts to 8000 men. A company - of Croats and Albanians' found at Corfu hate been disembarked by the English at Trieste. General,Palfi organizes a reserve of 16,000 men in Croatia. Tye organization of the army of the ci-devant Kingdom of Italy is complete : there is a regiment of infantry at Bologna, another at Ferrara, ar.l one of cavalry at Forli. The Italian troops are distributed in places of Lombardy, The Venetian Guard is at Vienna, the regiment of Ditlaintia at Verona. OTTENBriftGil I Stf e'r )i . A Gotterrburgh Mail has brought 3 1 ° 1 ' o h' isle Bulletin, of which the following is tl'e statue 1$ " Ileadl.marters, Freiterickst rzet 6' l4 aß f °` On the 2d, Major. General Gain), wh o Irst, with I'4oo men, repulsed the etienl, foreing from a sttongposCtian, a1i3t.:11113 to I?lalmtit, withont pursurtj , . 31 killed, and 7p Av a„,. 2 ,1,,1 . Th e en eli 4 ' was pluck_ greater; cir;toil " e next. clay the g 'JO) . 0 9 route,' having . got in his. rear %till) 3 1 ) vi r4. six pieces of cannon; tcacheda divisioato cover the baggage , 'f o re now onlyooo I. men and fOur"Piec'es,2 c .' tct retret:'• The dotachntent; With the :- t was attacked by 1000 me n. • The c° °l . /7 4 15 bloody. Captain KevleYstierna, wb° c' the artiilerY, lost twenty-siX luirses " u '-_ se' r : two men of the train. Our troops tifi ral times: bbliged to force their. '' : f . cc t . • V bayonet through the eneMy's hours firing,the ammunition being exP%iir, . , combat ceased, - the enemy returned to 11C , 5 ,1,0 1e .' sition at Lier a n d bo n g s W e n g er . Gen' . • v 4e o ! in this affair a 31potinder, 20 bvggHg e. c l, ll ! 4 4 o ffi cers ) and 240 men killed, vi' °ull- ,,. e tu:ssing. The enemy acknOwledgcs be very -consider a bl e .. We took 34 P 11) ,0 • among whom are 1 officer and 4 serjeM its ' e Von 'Eckste:lt, Judge Carlstadt, '''' l , cs .ec ,i l ( . ° ti ihttuctil him to follOw G e n. Gal' llt o ;kr the p - roViiioni:nk of the troops, vvas . k el'~'; heat of , the •aatiOrf. (PraiSc of the Oe l s - ,:•0 3 to troops.) . Considerable force iagb.' l9 ' 9narter 3• 6000 men arerol lecti ng at Eda t. cr o, into the•interior of. N orw ay; under Lieg t. ki Baron Skoidebraud; • unless the u nion sl'`. )• amicably effected; - "On-the 6th a .Deputation from t i lt''' . f r ' o lo': .Waited on .his Royal HiglinesS, who epe e ` • - . ed ltis - heatt-cinarterS toingedal. 1 "11'eneral Baron A'eg esaCksvas .• . . a strong positiOn,• takedby the even'} tied wit,l! 3 - 000'men,-- and 4 cannon lie f C' l' . ( e;o 4 , great bridge. . Th e . Ge nera l, by sendjog l , meat to amuse - the - enemy, contrived, 1 0 1 0 Midge over 'the stream; on his ri`.o t %ev e ', which t'wo detachments, under . 1 43 - I°r. ) ,-,e', Vegesacfi, crossed and attacked \via' (1 1 ' . • the .enemy, who came to impede thew.. my was remised, and so warmly Pur su ''', with,difliculty saved his cannon; 3•'l‘l pow,der wag - goty, • - -- ,Tiof i"' ir , A bridge wB9 also throcvn-over: ° A ' . ?!..- • enemy's center, who .vas forced to (lUD , sa..4' • ~‘ „Or, ~.j tion; 'but the ground being ' favour , ' , uti i:,:'' tainecl himself some tithe in the ' o o 6 ' JO ° , -WI. driven from thrn by Capt . . Bergcnstr a " ', I.''' , kl o' ~1 his flight beearne general. We lost 14 ''' ,„ c ,'. i 36, Nvounded. The ' 1 -s 1.13 ' 4l) Il if. ellcllly S OS ei ' .. ' killel and wounded, and 4 0 .. filer" -: v.! Iso ' '5 i t. P one is a C2ptain. . - ~, cc' i f ''' On the 7th, his Roy a l Fr -1 'vss' " I bito head -quarters to reietieticksta l dt:l ' i'' i'hirjurl ti of which took the oath of •11 (riari ce ' %II.: evening spontaneously a e o , etv s. , -,•,,, " The Sth, Gcn. Von Essen scut 3. ' - ' d en'' ,', , n to take possession of Th,, 80 ,.. Tire ' n-- ;,.. irt t i,re ~. illuminated thri f t° wlt ,.:,f up live l ( 8-pounders which the .defog - ' e r , o l -' , ' s , the sea on quitting Sannos ;- -and its" tit Patti. b.n ai,o sunk a vessel, .4) %v•hich ilc, , oi . -.:-.. l'coUr cannon,. Ex H• R ~ 1 Hight/4'57 ,de ~- . Is oy a tli'' a c(1 , General Count .Horner to drive il l ;ed i(1 a l ivy. from Rotors; tht; , General rePa" co lO'' l is i l :, a ly nt ‘ l v c a vi s t s h en f 7w r . i b t . i l l t a ta b lio lt n t s ai ;t o n n d six gt' ulls. •tc' °l6. i ol. - ,e) tore c-I •.fl''' ell); bridge at:Kjolberg-. After driving the vi l re, Glummingel, the General bis:ottached th e ' „ r icl'' f r ol' q "Qu the, 9th 1 ' Majest y carte to , . o d' , its ca • , „ c oo: , 10 stadt, just as _the .CroWn Prince - ' 4q4s r. ' e st" ! ill .‘J i b e o n a t rt h l e t a d it v h i , si a t il l: i iM. His' .7.llajestY w o as . ti,' .A - was saluted.by the P in,b ~v, the batteries on shore. : ; cio . . rr , " Generals Vegesack and Ccderstrolu 3 i o ppt itaCi;•e il ' .)? evening before' at Asken, . and biv° -- Ivo 1 1 qd O r '. Oft' _site a ,battery which. the e nenty• '` 1 (~, c" ..re :.at Longinus, -to defend the pass 36 ..te^ c `. ;.: . oGlonnuen ;- four , pieces 'of cl: A n:: o ,, u f . t • ::: 1 3 .i0e,.": 0 ,. t pon.ttA and • five on the oLlier.4sita' '. : .t lIC i ' . ... n Olt' ' , ''' ~.-e r . t fended-the.passage. A strong tcc ° ' c'act‘' , ' „,, c ot 9 1!;' of the inerny was repulsed, ann csrL -- ti lt , : ,;„ bitn q. . went to reconnoitre,' which th.o‘... , a tt , beibt; . ~,;.- e g toihis entrenchments. Oar o bjects .'i3O' 105 5 ':i q , t r• • .ed, we resumed . our position ; uu r ~„ gi, -,,,,v killed and rounded ;' that of the co en q :- . , g . P ' • t 1 , - , .i'" In the - night he quitted 'the t'Z'te-de-P' o ~,, t. , ;„ i genas, and sunk two of his ~, , rt, ~ It a , ..: .. 4e . ,...' Aforni forced the enemy to al).au" (in : , !.'e, is'l' '''' .1 tcd• ' 1 .0 , • • fre Is •i ~, tte • pursued hint to Kjoibergo ht.!: , , ' 0 ,1 „ r , i , . i bY ' It` - .do4fi . ; Auld made a stand, protectct , ~,i ,1 , " re tre°` : filVour)cannon caine up, virben I its It:'' “10 3 . 3 gnns. Geoe,r" .- -„ 1 7, ~ a short resistance ;we took 40 p••-. l ed 00 w ''' On the 10th his 1114;e5.ty r'jt('-i'll c 43 % I tett t a