The Sun. — London, England, 1832-02-09 00:00:00

us, we implore the more enlightened of his colleagues not to commit the peace and existence of th e rea l m upon a question souttetly, hopeless. D o e s h e fl a tt er hi mse lf th a t in the present temper of Englishmen, this nation will consent to make war upon Ireland for the sake ,of her 1,600 or 1,800 churchmen, and her 22 Bishops? It is no entertainment for such an hour as this, to fight against principles with F When the Ch urc h o f I re l an d hments- ex claims, " Will you rob me of my property ?" she is answered, " Why have ytu abused your, trust ?" Why have you diverted from eft - es ecclesiastical to uses personal—from tilt poor to the pluralist—those ample revemms which origi nally were designed for distribution between the " Bishop, the fabric of the Church, the poor, and the clergy ?" Two of these claimants, deed, have been provided for,—the Bishop and the Rector have swallowed up all. nut the fabric of the Church" is kept tom dilapida tion by interminable taxes upon the very poor themselves, from whom their rightful portion of' the Church revenues has been wrested! This can never stand. We have long ag,o declared, and are daily more persuaded, that composition will no longer do,—that v_:ominutation will not tlo,—that any effort, by mere violence, to coerce the Irish nation into a payment of tithe ) mast bring at once the State itself into a desperate and fatal collision with the people,. There is no discredit in capitulating betimes with necessity ; I but there is little honour in provoking an enemy by whom the battle has, morally speakin.s--, been already won. The Members of the Tithe Committee must feel much eut.barrassed by the conversation in the House of Lords on Tuesday. If Government or Lord Grey should, from the outset, have pre-arranged the policy to be adopted, and if that policy be the absolute main tenance of tithe, cui Bono the ceremony of a Committee ?— Times, We refer our readers to a report of a meet ing held Yesterday, at Exeter Hall, on the sub ject of the Commission lately appointed by Go vernment for the purpose of promoting educa tion in Ireland. The speakers at the meeting are, many of them, personages of prodigious ac tivity, for one day we hear of them in Armagh, the next in Dublin, and soon afterwards their voices ring in the various receptacles for the propagation of fanaticism in this metropolis. The speech of Mr. Shaw, the Recorder for Dublin, amounted to a threat of rebellion. These people rant it rarely. It might be supposed from the language of the speakers that it was intended to place the Bible under an interdict. What are the facts of the case ? Is any impediment thrown in the way of diffusion in the Scrip tures ? Has not the Archbishop of Dublin, in his admirable Answer to the Memorial of the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick, shown that it was not— " The intention of Government to frame (much less tr. enforce) a system of education that should be complete, and should be the beat adapted to instruct children in all that is desirable for them to learn ; but to provide as a national measure, some degree of national instruction leaving, as it were, blank pages to be tilled up by vs in other ways. It is the office of a church, as such, to instruct in it, own religious principles persons elan ages; and children, not least. The duty of catechising, as well as preaching. t. ful y recognised in our own Church. And We posse.• endowments, held , I apprehend, under the equitaSle con di ion of our labouring for these objects. Whether the endowments are sufficiently ample, and whether the present state of the public finances will admit of an appropriation of any part of the national revenue in aid of them, are questions 1 do not undertake to decide.-- But it will surely be admitted, that it is the duty of the pastors of our Church, not only to devote their personal labour to the religious instruction both of children and adults, but also, as far as their benefices will allow, to con tribute, and to call on their lay brethren to conttibute, towards the expenses of books, catechisms, &c. for these purposes. " I have always myself acted on this principle. My qiwn living in Suffolk was hut poor ; hut, besides super intending, by myself and my curates, the national school there established, I procured a school-home N be built for it, chiefly at the cost of clergymen, by whom, also, a very large proportion of its annual expences has been defrayed. Besides which, an adult school was established and carried on, and lately an infant school instituted at my own sole goat." The appropriation of money by Government, for the purpose of communicating to the Irish poor such rudiments of education as they could be brought to receive, was not intended to super sede the exertions of the clergy in instructing both young and old in religion. But here, we suspect, is to be found the secret of all the zeal for the Bible. The clergy of the Church of England are as quick in the scenting additional trouble as a wolf is in scenting carrion. Any thing rather than work ! It is not proposed to prevent either Protestants or Catholics from establishing schools for themselves, and commu nicating whatever religious instruction they may approve of to their children, but merely that in the case of such separate schools they shall ab stain from applying for aid out of the national fund. When separate schools cannot be main tained, it is better, surely, that the children should receive some instruction than none ; and this in struction they can only receive by the adoption of selections of such passages from the Scriptures as may be equally acceptable to both Protestants arid Catholics. The arguments of the Arch bishop on this subject are unanswerable : " The reading of the Bible (even if it were read all through, instead of merely such passages as the master may think fit to select), without any explanation to the chil dren, and examination of them in the matter of it, would alone be a very defective Scriptural education. But that defect may be supplied. And again, even if they received no religious instruction whatever during school hours on four or five days in the week, yet, if the Protestant clergy man or other well qualified instructors would devote from half an hour to an hour on each of those days, and from two to four hours on each of the other two or three days in each week to the religious instruction of the children_ training them not merely to read the Scriptures, but ' to mark, learn, and inwardly digest them,' and supplying them with Bibles, and also with useful manual■ to read at home, in which they might he from time to time examined —if all this were done, no one can doubt that their pupils would be enabled to turn out better divines than the ge nerality even of the higher orders actually are. " But certainly this would cost their instructors more trouble than would be required in a differently constituted school. " And, if some selections from Scripture, sanctioned as unobjectionabl e by Protestants, should be adopted as a school-book, this I should regard as an advantage, pro vided it did not lead us to neglect all other religious in struction. Mrs. Trimmer's Abridgments, and many other b Poke of that kind (which have long been in tree in schools), would be hurtful if they were allowed to pro duce that effect; if they were made to furnish a plea for neglecting to impart the whole Bible to all that can be brought to receive it. And, again, I should regard it as an evil, that any should suppose a child to have received a religious education, merely on the ground of his having read the :fords of the whole Bible itself, without any care having been used to make him take in the sense of it. I know, from lung experience in education, how little will generally be understood by children if thus left to them selves, even of words which they ca❑ fluently repeat by rote." " The more trouble" to which the Archbishop alludes so insignificantly, solves the riddle of the opposition of the clergy. They have always set the law at defiance in regard to schools ; vio lating even the oaths binding them to establish schools. They will neither give money nor trouble to instruct their flocks; but they will abet fanatical orators, of the statnp of those wh o yesttrday figured at Exeter Hall. However, the design must easily be seen through.—Morn ing Chronicle. The strange language held ntl Tuesday night in the House of Lords on the sublect of Irish tithes., htts already created, as was to oe expected, A strong sensation among the Irish Members.— Mr. O'Connell, presenting a petition from Waterfcr•e:, praying that tithes may be placed in tilt :lands of Government, to be distributed more impartially for the support of religion, took occas sion to advert to the deelaration of Earl Grey. " He heard (lie said) with surprise, that it was intended to uphold it even by the employment of all the roc or the Government. He was I stare that if force was thus employed ; it would fail; for Protestant and Catholc.t were united against it, and he thought there was insanity in the attempt," 11 will be borne in mind by our reader-, that Earl Grey expressly declared that fie was determined to overcome the resistance to the payment of tithes ; and if the power already possessed by the Government were found insuf ficient, " he had no hesitation in saying that he would propose to their Lordships to give further powers, if that were rendered necessary, to sup • press the resistance." All this is a riddle to us, because we cannot comprehend how a general resistance can be overcome by any addi• tion to The power possessed by the Government. Lordship talks of law and power, as if law and power derived their efficacy from the moon. Law, to be efficient, must express the will of the people, and a law to suppress the resistance of a whole people is a mere brut= fulmen. Mr. Weyland observed, " that the force to be employed was the legal means placed in the hands of Government to support a demand sanc tioned by the law." But Mr. O'Connell showed that the Hon. Gentleman was not aware of the peculiar difficulty of the case, as the law was not resisted. " There was no violence (he said) in the resistance of the people. The law was al lowed to take its course, but when the cattle were distrained there were no bidders." Adopt Lord Ellenborough's suggestion, and take the person—who can imprison a nation ? It is idle in Mr. Shaw to talk of upholding the law by force if it were resisted by force, for there is no resistance by force in the case. The people are determined to remain passive, and the remaining passive will baffle all the power of all the Go vernments in the world. But when people talk of law, they ought to be certain that they ha'e justice on their side. For what were tithes given ? Mr. \Veyland had observed that " the tithes could under no circumstances belong to those who now refused to pay them ; and when they declared that they were detertnined not to pay their tithes, they were guilty of something like robbery, for they had recourse to acts of violence to keep that money in their pockets which they knew did not belong to them, but to others." But who are the others ? :;" The Hon. Member (Mr. O'Connell answered) who .aid the people kept in their pockets what was not their own, seemed to forget that tithes were given for certain purposes--one-third for the poor, who now got nothing— one-third for the repairing of churches, which repairing was now done at the expense of the Catholic.--and one third for the clergyman. Mr. Lefroy having denied that the tenure of tithes was threefold, " Mr. Sheil, in answer to the Hon. and Learned Mem ber f r the University of Dublin, referred to the authority of Blackstone, by whom it was stated, thst, at the first establishment of Parochial Clergy, the tithes of the parish were distributed in a fourfold division ; one for the use of the Bishop, another for maintaining the fabric of the Church, a third fur the poor, and the fourth to provide for th e incumbent.' He added, that he had read, with a great deal of pain, a report of the remarks which had been made in another place last night on the subject of tithes in Ire land. Nevertheless, he was far from believing that any objectionable measure on the subject could proceed from his Majesty's Government, when he recollected that, on the 6th of May, 1824, a resolution was moved in that House that the system of tithes required revision ; which motion had the support of Mr. Spring Rice, Lord William Russell, and that venerable, immortal, and everlasting name—Henry Brougham." Whatever may be the faults of the Church of Rome, it has never shown the same effrontery with regard to the diversion of ecclesiastical property — from the purposes for which it was given as the Protestant Church of England a►►d Ireland. A Protestant clergyman will listen for hours to a charge of idolatry against the Church of Rome : but at the first allusion to the original destination of tithes he loses all patience. Now, nothing is more frequent in the sermons of Catholic clergymen than the exhortations to their brethren to distribute religiously their revenues, according to the original intention. In the course of sermons preached at St. Peter's, at Rome, in Lent, 1577, by the Bishop of Asti, the Rev. Orator exclaims : " Ye Prelates, I will tell you one thing; I will tell to you that have Church revenues, that of your estates the third is for yourselves; the third is for the poor; the third is in order that the Church may not be a den. Whenever you do not give your third to the Church; vos facitis earn speluncam ; and against you the Church calls out this day. I add also my threatening. ; and I b.ll you, that if you hold the churches in such small account, God will permit that which he has always permitted. A time will come, in which not only the third which you are bound to spend in upholding the edifices, but all your incomes, will he taken from you ; and these temples, which you have not wished to repair, you will see them destroyed by the hands of the wicked. "• A den of thieves,"' says Christ. " And do you know to whom he says this? To you who are robbers of ecclesiastical property ; you who make the Church a den of thieves ; to you who appropriate to your own uses I the thirds of the poor and of the Church, under the pre text of maintaining your own dignity ; you who rob these two-thirds—who convert sacred into profane things." Already the baneful effects of the declaration of Earl Grey begin to be perceived. Lord Ehrington said, it would be impossible for him to support any coercive measures, if any such were contemplated by his Majesty's Govern ment, which he hoped was not the case, unless they were preceded by measures of a conciliatory nature. The high language of Lord Plunket t might have been tolerated fifteen years ago, bu t it is now quite unseasonable.—Morn. Chronicle . We trust no time will be lost in appointing the Commission to institute a systematic inquiry into the condition of the poor. What is re- quired is to know the nature and extent of the evil, and as far as possible the causes, and then we shall be prepared to grapple with it. At present we really know very little of the matter. A witness from a particular district is examined before a Committee of the House of Commons, and it is rashly inferred that the circumstances related by him are universally prevalent. Thus, for instance, Lord Torrington, a year or two ago, presented a petition from a particular parish in the Weals of Kent, in which the poor-rates were 245. a pound, and wished it to be inferred that this was caused by agricultural distress. We took the trouble to trace this parish through a number of reports for about twenty years back, and showed that the rates had always been at nearly the same height. These are anomalies, and it will be the business of a Commission to distinguish between what is general and what is local and accidental, and to account for the ano malies. In the evidence taken before the Com mittee of the Lords, in 1830 and 1831, on the State of the Poor Laws, there is some valuable information as to what can be done in improving the condition of the poor by a proper execution of the Poor Laws. Berkshire is one of the counties in which the condition of the poor has generally been described as the most deplor able, and in the accounts of several fires in that county, the labourers were said to have looked on with apathy, exhibiting in their ragged clothes and bare feet all the signs of wretchedness. If, however, the evidence of the Rev. Thomas Whalley, at Cookham, in Berkshire, who has resided upwards of thirty-three years in that county, is looked into, it will be seen that the condition of the labourers in that parish is far from wretched. He is asked, "Do not you consider that the labouring classes are well off in your parish ?" He answers— " I think they are better off than I have ever seen them since I have known them. In the year 1793, and for several years before that period. the rate of wages was Bs. per week, and wheat sold at 161. per load ; now wheat sells at from 171. 10s. to 18/., and wages are 10s., while all sorts of linen and calico are not a third of the price they were at in the above year of 1793. " Do you attribute that to the good management of the parish d o . " Have you prepared any statement upon that subject ? —I have. " Have the goodness to read the same?—The system of management introduced by Select Vestry of the parish of Cookbam has been attended with vary beneficial effects both to the rate-payer and to the poor. To the former it has saved in eight years up to Lady-day last, compared with the preceding eight years, noless asum than 15,0081. 12s. 6.1. To the litter it has been equally beneficial, by in troducing habits of frugality, industry, and providence, which have been strongly marked by their beneficial effects. Only one bastard child has been registered in either of the two last years. The system is simple, and may be accommodated to the circumstances of most agricultural parishes. Its leading features are the employment of the able-bodied poor, who apply for relief, at low wages, and at hard work by the piece, showing them that the parish is the hardest task-master and the lowest pay-master they can apply to; never giving any thing in aid of lsbour, rent, or rates ; dividing the paupers in the workhouse into two classes; the old, infirm, and impotent form the first; the idle, improvident, and vicious, constitute the second. To the former is allowed an ample supply of butcher's meat, and other suitable food; to the second class nothing but bread and cheese. None are allowed to absent themselves from the workhouse, or to receive visitors within its wads, without an express and written order from an overseer. Every possible encouragement is given to honest industry, providence, and frugality, by the establish ment of a Savings' Bank, a Friendly Society, a Lying-in-Charity, and all other means that can be devised. Young persons going to service are allowed an outfit of clothes ; and a member of the Friendly Society is always received by the Select Vestry with marker! attention. I cannot help adding!, that during the late troubles there has been no fire, no riot, no threatening letter in the pariah. In the midst of a dis trict that has been particularly disturbed, Cookhant and White Waltham (where a similar system has been adopted) have entirely escaped, although in Cookham there are several thrashing machines ; and the only paper mill has been newly tatted up with machinery. The poor of Cook ham have subscribed during the last summer for the pur chase of coals, which were delivered to them in November at 121 s. They have purchased linen, calico, and other clothing, during the year, at prime cost to the amount of 1601. The Friendly Society which ensures to a subscrib ing member, during sickness, eight shillings a week, and Si. for the funeral in case of death, consists of about one hundred members. To a Penny Club within the year, in the village of Cookharn and its immediate neighbourhood, has been subscribed 481 ; and the contributions to the Savings' Bank have been uniform and regular, and amounted, at Lady-day last, to the sum of 3,5441. 7s. Id. In speaking of the money the poor have expended in clothing, I should s ay that they have bought their clothing of me ; therefore it is only that part of the parish over which I have any superintendence. • • • a a • a • " You say that the Select Vestry has lowered the rates from 3,0001. a year to 1,1001. ?—The poor-rates in the year 1812 were nearly 4,0001. " You have also added, that you think there were a greater number of poor out of employ before the Select Vestry than now ; how do you conceive that the Select Vestry have provided employment for them ?—They have provided employment by setting them to bard work at low wages by the grate, by the piece. The consequence was, that they found work for themselves. We gave them a piece of ground to trench—hard gravelly ground; and many of the farmers thought we should trench the whole parish; but I believe we never trenched quite half an acre. " As soon as they were sent to work, they went away and got work ?—Yes ; there was one man, who was a postillion, and he was about sixty years old, with a very short jacket, and a plaited shirt ; he had married a bar maid of about 18, and had one child, and he came to the parish for relief, expecting to have a weekly allowance. We asked him how he came to be out of employment ; he said he had had a few words with his master. We re commended him to have a few more, and try whether he could not make up the difference, for that we bad nothing for him except some trenching, which we were afraid he would dislike. He went away ; we never heard anything of him from that day to this. " You attribute the great number of persons who were out of employment at that time to their being permitted to remain idle ?—Yes ; they were sent to the gravel-pits, in the adjoining parish of Wooburn, when the riots were very extensive and ruinous, where the paper-mills were destroyed, which is divided from Cookham only by the Thames ; they have now 65 people out of employment on the reads. Our rates are ls. 6d. in the pound ; at Woo burn they are 10s. or 12s. in the pound ; and so all the way to Berkhampstead ; all the way down to the Hoo." What become of the postilion of sixty who went away rather than trench, and of whom they never heard anything ?—We will answer for it he forms one of the immense multitude of beggars in the metropolis and its environs. Where amidst a multitude of ill-managed pa rishes, there are one or two like Cookham, the result of an experiment in such a parish would not be altogether conclusive as to what would take place if all parishes were managed in the same way. It is pretty clear that hard la bour and low diet will have few attractions for idle poor ; but then the removing them will, in many cases, only encumber some other parish. It is impossible to stir abroad without being almost worried to death with poor, and, ge nerally speaking, the men are English, who, of course, have a parish somewhere. Take Blackheath, for instance. In whatever direction it is crossed, numerous applicants:for relief present themselves. In the metropolis, the moment two persons enter into conversation in the street, a beggar is sure to appear. Driving the poor away, though a good thing for a particular pa rish, is not always a good thing for the neigh bourhood. But, while we make these observa tions, we readily allow the value of the services rendered by those who, like Mr. Whateley, suc ceed in keeping up the division between wages and relief. Let the workman be fairly rewarded, and let those who cannot find work at fair wages be withdrawn, and employed in trenching or some other way for the parish. This must ne cessarily foster in the people habits of indepen dence, and make them acquainted with the cir cumstances which determine their condition. There is much curious matter in the evidence of Mr. Beecher, of Nottinghamshire, but we have not space at present to allude to it.—lllorning Chronicle. An opinion, we know, prevails, and that among what are considered well-informed circles, that the fate of the present Reform Bill will be the same as that of the last—viz., that, after having been battled inch by inch in the Com mons, and at length carried through that House, it will be strangled immediately on it s appear ance in the House of Lords. Others imagine that, for the sake of appearances, its opponents in the Upper House will allow i t to go i nto Committee there, but that it will be so maimed and disfigured that its most striking and valuable features will have disappeared, so that even its friends must necessarily disclaim it ; in short, that, in either case, its defeat is certain. These rumours, of course, imply that no new Peers are to be made, or, at any rate, not in sufficient numbers to be of any avail. Though we give these rumours as they reach us, we do not at tach to them any thing like a confidence on our own part. The result certainly may be such as is here anticipated. It is much more likely, however, we should think, that it will not. What has once happened certainly may happen again. But if a man's house had once narrowly escaped conflagration, he must be infatuated, in deed, if he wilfully and knowingly exposes it again to a similar danger. The country has for once escaped the danger to which the rejection of the Reform Bill has exposed it. We trust that means will be found—that patriotism, self-de nial, and good sense will be found—sufficient to avert a repetition of it. This, we think, will be most effectually promoted by a mutual disposi tion to yield on minor points. To the friends and supporters of the Bill we would more es pecially recommend this ; for let hut the one great object of Reform, the dissolution of the rotten boroughs, be attained, and such a re formed Parliament as this wholesome alteration alone will produce must, of necessity, very soon bring about all that can be reasonably wanted to perfect the measure. The question is not now, as when the Duke of Wellington, last October twelvemonth, made his too-celebrated denuncia tion, whether any Reform shall take place. It is now, at the worst, only a question of degree, and at whose hands the country are to receive it. It is quite clear that were the party who are now opposing the Reform Bill to accede themselves to office to-morrow, that they could not carry on the Government for a fortnight without pro ducing a Reform Bill of their own —aye, and that a Bill differing but little in essentials from that which is the object of their present con demnation. After what the country has seen happen on the Catholic question, they need not be prepared with an y ex t raor di nar y won d er at seeing the same game of tergiversation played over again upon this. If such, then, be the state of the question, surely those in whose hands its present fate rests will pause before they do that which, while, on the one hand, it can only postpone the measure, may, on the other, expose the country to a fearful scene of calamity, in addition to that which she is already suffering. A speedy settlement of it is at this moment " the one thing needful." Every other interest, mo mentous and numerous as they are, stands still while this vital one lingers uncompleted. Such a state of things cannot and ought not to con tinue : the country has a right to say it shall not. —Morning Herald. The progress hitherto made in the Reform Bill has been slower, perhaps, than the public would have desired ; but it has, nevertheless, been of a more secure and gratifying character than during the discussion of it in the last session of Parliament. Out of the three great principles of which it is composed two may be said to have been irrevocably passed. The ten-pound fran chise has been carried—the rotten boroughs have been fairly knocked on the head, and though when the contents of schedule A and schedule B come to be discussed there may be a little sparring between one insignificant borough and another almost as frail, the people of England can have no interest in that matter, and no one will care which survives the contest but those who happen to be their owners. These two principles having been then carried—that is, the demolition of the rotten boroughs, and the extension of the elective franchise to ten-pound householders, the only great remaining point re specting which the public need entertain the slightest anxiety, is the extension of the franchise to such unrepresented places as Birmingham, 'Manchester, &c. We do not, however, see in in the list of motions in the order-book of the House of Commons, an amendment to the effect that these new cities and boroughs shall not have granted to them a privilege which from no reason, but prescription and ancient usage, is allowed to nieces of two and four thousand inhabitants. 'There is, indeed, a notice of a motion on the part of the Marquis of Chandos, the object of which is to prevent the metropolis from having always allotted to it any more than its present very limited and insufficient number of repre sentatives ; but can the Noble Marquis really bring himself to believe that he can be successful in his attempt, or that any one can be induced to listen seriously to his proposition whose mind is not made up against all Reform ? If tenants at will, of 501. a year rental are to have votes—if places of 2,000 and 4,000 inhabitants are to be allowed to retain their franchise—if Birmingham, and Manchester, and Leeds, are to have representatives, on what ground can he propose to the Commons of Eng land that the metropolis shall not also come in for a share of the new rights ? We know not, indeed, on what foundation he grounds his pro position, but we have no doubt that it will meet with a signal defeat, and that all the great prin ciples of the Bill being thus carried, it will again salute their Lordships in the Upper House, eademfacie, eodemque caore with which a few months back it endeavoured to gain their favour. What must be done, however, ought to be done quickly. The Opposition will, no doubt, con- tinue its pitiful and annoying assaults in long set speeches, of more sound than sense.; but if the Ministers, and their friends, will only refrain from imitating their example—if they will be ware of being entrapped into lengthy explana tions by those who only desire explanations in order to gain time, and weary out the pati ence of the people—if they will only appeal to the sense of the House, instead of endeavouring to justify themselves—a very few more weeks indeed need elapse before, so far as the Com mons are concerned, the Reform Bill may be considered as the virtual basis of a Constitution so long and so unjustly withheld from the people of England, and from the establishinent of which so much future benefit is so justly anticipated.— Morning Advertiser. Don Pedro's Manifesto, in which he avows his views and intentions in fitting out a com bined expedition in English and French ports, is at length before us, and a pretty tissue of spe ciuus reasoning and distorted facts it is. It is, however, too long and too studied to have an im mediate answer, notwithstanding it does not con taim a single new argument, the whole having been previously put forth in the Expose des Droits de sa Majest T. F., which was so triumphantly answered two years ago. This manifesto was preceded by an article in the Edinburgh Re view (to which we alluded on Monday), doubt less with the intent of producing a kind of coup d'etat, preparatory to a call for the second in stalment of the loan negociated for the purpose of defraying the expences of the liberal job, commonly called the expedition. Don Pedro's manifesto very much resembles that or King James, which he also published in France, and like it ought to be answered, paragraph by para graph, in order to shew the weakness of the rea sons therein alleged. This will doubtless be forth with done ; but in looking at this most impudent production we cannot help expressing our asto nishment that the people of Portugal are not even once taken into consideration in a question pecu liarly their own, and almost wholly relating to them. As regards them, it indeed involves a point of the utmost importance, one which in volves nothing less than their national indepen dence. With them it is whether they have the right of applying the laws of their country to any grave emergencies which may arise among them ; for if Don Pedro is to put on and off their Crown whenever he pleases, and against their will and consent bestow it upon another, Portugal is no longer independent. On the llth July, 1828, the Cortes, or Parliament, of Por tugal, in an award as solemn, legitimate, and as strictly constitutional, as any Act passed for the settlement of the Crown of these Realms, for mally declared and enacted " That previous to the 10th of March, 1826 (the day of King John demise), laws the most clear and peremptory had excluded Don Pedro and his descendants from the Crown of Portugal, and for that same reason called thereto the second line, in the person of Don Miguel." By accepting the Crown of Brazil Don Pedro lost all right and title to reign in Portugal, for there no foreir ° mer is admitted ; and a l so volun tarily resigned and openly renounced all here ditary expectations on this side of the Atlantic. Without this he could not have ascended the Throne of the Brazilians, and by now showing himself so complete a hypocrite, he has justified them in all they hate done towards him. But how is it the manifesto writer says nothing of Brazil ? He now addresses the Portuguese, nay, all Europe, for the first time. Why then does he not tell them what dire incident made him first an inmate at the Clarendon, and next a hanger on at the Palais Royal ? In common candour he ought to have told this tale ; but instead of doing it he issues a manifesto, as if his father had died yesterday ; descants a good deal on what foreign nations have done to wards Portugal, but never says a word of what the Portuguese have done for them selves in order to promote their own in dependence, preserve their national institu• tions, and repel the foreign aggression which he himself now aims against them. We shall have fature opportunities of returning to this subject ; but in the meanwhile we cannot refrain from smiling at the idea entertained by some persons that Don Pedro would govern Portugal liberally, if he could only get there. And do people who think thus imagine that it was good government in Brazil which brought him over to Europe ? The matter is two fresh in every one's recollection for any doubt to pre vail upon this subject. Don Pedro would be as great a tyrant and as consummate a hypocrite, even in Terceira, if he lands there, as he was in Brazil ; and with the exception of the flatterers now near his person, all the other Portuguese emigrants think this of him, and are as anxious that he should not succeed as the most strenuous of Don Miguel's partisans.—Morning Post. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. G UILDHALL. Yesterday Robert Brown, in the garb of a sailor, was placed at the bar under the following circum stances:—lt appeared that the prisoner called upon Mr. Pritchard, solicitor, of Bridge -street, Black friars, and introduced himself as a sailor who had just arrived from a long voyage. The object of his visit, he said, was to pay a debt of gratitude to Mr. Pritchard, sen., who had befriended him in distress, and provided him with the means of going abroad, by which he (the prisoner) had realized a good sum of money. In conclusion, he hoped that Mr. Pritchard, sen., would not be offended at the money being returned, as he was now in a situation to do so. Mr. Pritchard replied that his father was dead ; upon which the prisoner feigned the deepest sorrow. After some manoeuvring, the prisoner said that he had spices of all kinds on board his vessel, and be would make Mr. Pritchard a present of a quantity. Then putting his hand in his pocket, he exclaimed, " Dear me, I have left my money on board," and audaciously asked Mr. Pritchard to advance him a sovereign until he brought the spices. This was acceded to, and the prisoner afterwards obtained 15s. from Mr.Pritchard's mother under si milar circumstances. The prisoner was met on Monday, two months having elapsed since he im posed upon Mr. Pritchard, and given into custody. It being expected that several other charges of a like nature will be brought against the prisoner, he was remanded. HATTON-GARDEN. Yesterday a man named Mitchell, who resides at No. 4, Greville-street, Clarendon-square, Somers town, requested the advice of the Magistrates. The applicant, who appeared in great distress of mind, stated, that on Friday morning himself and wife went out to transact some business in the neigh. bourhood, leaving their two children, a boy and a girl, the latter six and the former three years of age, at pl.►y in the front parlour. On his return, in about twenty minutes, he found the outer door as he ' had left it, unlocked, but the parlour door, which he had locked, he discovered burst open, and his children gone. He had made inquiries at all the station houses in London, and had also visited the hospitals, but could learn nothing of his children, and he feared that they had been made away with. Mr. ROGERS said, that he should have every as sistance in his power, and gave directions that hand bills should be immediately circulated, with a proper description of the children. The officers were also ordered to endeavour to trace them. ADVENTURES OF A YOUNGER SON.—The volumes bearing this title will, we understand, shortly be laid before the world. Some particulars respecting the peculiar character of the work transpired, it is believed without the writer's knowledge, a few months ago in a weekly journal, and the consequence has been, that very general and very marked anxiety has been manifested to see the volumes. It may now be stated, that the narrs• tive is understood to embrace details of the actual life of a gentleman whose recent career has occupied much of the public attention. He was one of the most intimate of the late Lord Braox's friends, and it is said that his work will demonstrate that he is of a kindred genius. The scenes in the novel are, we hear, altogether of an extraor dinary nature. GUNPOWDER.—A correspondent, who has had ample experience to ensure a thorough knowledge of the properties of gunpowder, suggests that great good might result to the inhabitants, as regards the warding off or staying the plague with which the city is threatened, by a liberal expenditure of that article. He proposes that from two to ten pounds of gunpowder should be packed into tin cases, and exploded on the streets and in the vicinity, and also that artillery should be fired from the Castle, at Burntsfield Links, and Leith Fort. The agitation and consequent rarification of the air would purify the atmosphere considerably, while the smoke of the powder would also operate in the way of disinfection. Were this plan adopted, the gentleman would have no objection to superintend the street explosions, and take care that no damage ensued.—Besides alluding to the effects of gunpowder at the battle near Warsaw, he re marks that at 'Woolwich, wohtenela.ergaarirniseoen theywas firstbeg began nstato blished there, the ranks were thinned by hundreds throu g h sickness, the ag u e , &c. ; h exercise the great guns and otherwise expend gunpowder, Woolwich has become as healthy a station for troops as any fortress in the kingdom,—,Scoimsn, HULL N 1 A ItK ET—Feb. 7. There is a fair supply of Wheat from the farmers to this day's market, the condition of which is generally very indifferent; the demand is principally confined to the millers, who give the prices of last week for best parcels ; other qualities are very dif ficult to quit. There is so little demand for old foreign that prices m.ty be almost considered nominal. Oats are not shown so freely as of late, and the best parcels fully command late prices. Not much Barley offering to-day, and prices without alteration • the few arrivals of foreign are going under lock as the prices will not allow payment of tne present duty ; the market is nearly cleared of the previous arrivals. The samples of Beans showing are so very soft and tender that buyers cannot be found, even at a re- duction of Is. to 2s. per quarter. Linseed dull sale hut lower.-- Rapeseed fully supports late prices, and in some instances a trifling advance is obtained. Wheat, Old --s. 565. 58s. New —s. 56s 53§. ------ Foreign —s. 50s. 545. ln bond... —s. —s. --s. Oats, Poland —s. 20s. 225. Old —s. —s. 'Ng. Small or Feed.... —s. 16s. 20s --6. —6. ....6.. Foreign Barley, Norf. & Sut ... —s. Ms. 38s. Line. & Wold —s. 34s 3&s. Foreign Beans 'l2s. 345. 365. Foreign —5.36;. 38s. Pease, White —s. 38s. 41's. Grey Tarns —s —s. —s. Foreign —s. 30s. 365. Rapeseed, in tsond none. CHELTENHAM Per Bushel a. d. to a. d. Wheat .. ~ 6 0 8 0 Beef Barley Oats 4 0 4 :3 Veal Beans Pease 5 0 7 0 Lout) Hay 3l. 101 to 3/. 15s. Od. per ton. ItKEI.-I , eb. 7. Per lb. d. to 6 7 5 7 5 7 6 7 0 0 LEWES MA ft KET.—Feb. 7. White Wheat (per quarter)---X3 3 0 to £3 6 0 Red ditto —.. 2 18 0 3 5 0 Barley--------- 1 13 0 1 15 0 Oats, New .... 1 1 0 1 3 0 Pease .. 1 16 0 1 17 0 Oil Cake, New--...—,--- 12 0 0 per thousand. THE MARKETS. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING THE WEEK. Wheat. 1 Barley. Oat, Beans. Per Quarter. Abingdon--. Andover Birrninghain r, ridport Cirencester —.. aringdon Guildford Hen1ey..,.,...... Hereford Highworth Maidenhead Nioninotith . Reading Salisbury Southampton Stroud 'Pewk e , bury Uxbridge Want age Warminster Windsor. Worcester L. to 8. 62 81 73 80 56 66 56 74 50 62 54 86 48 74 54 83 84 92 62 80 65 86 54 61 90 44 14 54 58 64 78 65 74 48 74 58 80 46 f 5 s. to s. 31 43 37 41 40 44 32 39 26 3S 36 40 23 32 30 35 44 48 32 42 32 46 3 1 47 3 0 :37 37 40 34 38 40 42 27 40 3 , 1 43 30 42 65 66 44 5! 8. to 8. 22 30 24 32 26 30 21 25 26 38 26 35 20 30 qt 3 :34 q/ 21 3'.J. 21 27 28 32 22 32 30 38 23 33 21 30 22 28 21 22 31 32 O. to P. 35 - 52 - 54 - 46 - 43 - 40 - 40 - -3/ 4j. - - 444 - 42 ..... b 0 DUMFRIES MA RKE3'S,—Feb. 1. s. d. s. el. 1. d. s. d• Wheat, Imp. Bush... 6 9 to 7 2 Butter, 16oz Barley ......... ........... 3 8 4 0 Eggs, dozen ... 0 0 0 0 Oats Hour, 141 b. Oatmeal Potatoes, cwt. THE DUKE OE BUCCLEUGH AND Da. CHALMERS.—A few days ago, a vacancy having oc curred in the pariah church of Dalkeith, one of the Duke of BUCCLEUGH'S most valuable livings, his Grace resolved to exercise his right of patronage in such a way as would gratify the parishioners. To accomplish this highly laud. able purpose his Grace, determined to be guided by the re commendation of the most celebrated Divine in the Church of Scotland, waited upon Dr. CHALMERS, at his house in Edinburgh. About six in the afternoon the Rev. Doctor, being at dinner, was informed that a young gentleman waited for him in the adjoining room, and, upon entering his study, was informed by the Noble Stranger that be had taken the liberty to called upon him in regard to the C7,urch. The room being dark, Dr. CHALMERS, imagin ing that the: stranger was a young minister in quest of $ living, replied, in a hasty and good-natured-tone, " I as sure you any dear Sir, I am qu to overwhelmed with si mhar applications, and it is really out of my power to give you any assistance." His Grace bowed politely, and ob served, that his object was not to ask the Doctor's patron age, hut to request his assistance in bestowing a church upon a deserving individual. The Doctor observed, " That is quite a different thing ;" and requested his euest to take a seat. lie soon learned the rank of his dis tinguished visitor, begged a thousand pardons, and recom mended a minister who is likely to endear himself to his parishioners by his indefatigable zeal and evangelical senti menti.—Liverpool ADVENTURES OF A GENTLEMAN OF THE COURT OF CHARLES 11.--The reign of the merry Monarch, it must be admitted, is a tempting era for the novelist; and Mr. HUNT, while he has told us capital stories of Lady CA'TLEMAIN, and little NELLY, and of CHARLES himself, has given us the wit and brilliancy of the courtly coterie, without an atom of coarseness, or of a single idea which could by possibility suggest an improper thought. Nay, he has wrought into his picture many sketches oil purity and innocent love, and has convinced his readers, I that even during the early days of the Restoration, when licentiousness spread far and wide, human nature was not altogether corrupted, but that honourable men and chaste wonien were to be found even in the heart of the Court - - itself, and in telling us about thei.e, be has not unfrequentll drawn upon our tears. Sir Ralph Esher must become $ great favourite. Mr. BLAKEY, a dealer in game at Horn castle, his succeed,d in so far taming two hares that they' play about in his shop window in a very amusing manner. They will even allow the owner to thrust his hand into the place where they are confined without manifesting the usual marks of rage and terror displayed by th e animal• It is an old sight to see the live hares playing with some dead ones of the same species hanging up in the window they jump and apparently are desirous of arousing their companions from the lethargic sleep of which they have no consciousness. Some time ago one of the hares escaped, and was publicly cried, a reward being offered for its dis covery, but poor puss, after rambling about some time , thought it the most prudent course to return to her old quarters, where she could neither be disturbed by do g s o r sportman's guns, and accordingly she was found next morn ing seated very quietly in her owner's shop, and has since gambolled the hours away with her companion.--Boston Gazette. d it o UGENE ARAM.—" This new novel, by the as of ' Pelham,' has been dramatised at th e Surrey? but t e story must be read to be appreciated ; the retie": lions and descriptions of scenery and character can on , / be enjoyed by a full perusal. Mr. BULWER'S knowledge of human nature, as displayed in the delineations of Art Am's character, is profound. There are many scenes in the work of a high and thrilling kind, such as AkAat's sro yielding himself passively up to his love for MADELINE, id the first volume ; in the second, his midnight intervieg with tke brutal HOUSEMAN ; but the third especial!! a b oun d s in them—the discovery of CLARKE'S skeleton ad HOUSEMAN'S confession; the apprehension of AkAu, an d the scene between him and the family of Lamm; the trial scene, his defence, and the death of MADELINE; all these prove that Mr. BULWER possesses extraordinsti powers. We should rank him, of all novelists of the present day, next to the great master—Sir WALTER SCOTT."—Leeds Mercury. this O b L ri D dg L e L ONDON to BRIDGE.—The d ra e p m id ol p ito ro i g n re O Two arches are already down on the Southwark side 0 the river, and the workmen are actively employed in raising the piles, the wood of which appears sounder than wises first driven, and they are all so well cemented together' that the workmen hive great difficulty in loosening tiled' a little, so that they may with the greater facility drag them from the earth—a pretty good proof that the pied° were strong enough to have upheld the bridge for 200 300 years to come. SUICIDE.—Mrs. FRANKLIN, a widow, re' siding in Edmund-street, Battle-bridge, died nn Tues(le afternoon of a wound which she had inflicted on her throa t on the previous day. She had been for some time in nervous state, and, in reply to a question a short tit previous to her expiring, said that she believed the ( le had put it into her head to terminate her existence. BIRTHS. On the 3d inst. at Llanstinan, Pembrokeshire, the lady of 11° Owen, Esq., M.P., of a son. On the 30th ult. at Blackheath Park, the lady of the Hey ` l ' Fenn, of a daughter. MARRIED. On the l'th inst. at St. Matthew's, Brixton, T. Wallis, EA.} of Tibberton-court, Gloucestershire, to Mary Ann, daughter 0' E. Roberts, Esq , of Grove-heuse, North Brixton. DIED. On the 3d inst. at - Sudbury, Derbyshire, Mr. John Bull, lat e ( of the Victualling Office, Somerset-place, in the 86th year his age. On the COI inst. Isabella, wife of Mr. Rhodes, of Ilamme smith. On the 7th inst. at Chelsea, W. R. Minchin, Esq., solicit° ( and Clerk in Court to his Majesty's Duchy of Lancaster. (411 On the (ids inst. at the Rectory-place, Woolwich, in the 8— year of his age, J. Douglas, Esq., of the Royal N avy, late ?daste Attendant of his Majesty's Dock-yards at Deptford, Sheerns 6 Bi and Plymouth. This old and meritorious officer joined the ReY e Navy as a midshipman in 177:3, and was promoted in the salt l e r year to the rank of waster, and served for many years as of the Fleet to the following distinguished Commanders-in-Chid viz.:—Admiral :—Admiral Cornwallis, Sir John Colpoy s , an d L or ds . Vincent and Bridport. For a period of nearly 54 years that p , was employed in his Majesty's service, he was not absent alt gether more than a few weeks from his duty. illy On the tith inst. aged 55, Wm. Cu r t e l s, Esq , of Croon:Os- 11 Blackheath. _.•• PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURDO YOUNG, AT N SI/N OFFICE, U; STRAND, LONDON.