The Sun. — London, England, 1832-10-05 00:00:00

they all knew how he (Mr. Hume) had voted. — (Loud cheers.) To be sure Lord Henley was an amiable and worthy member of society; but how far he was the sort of man who would be likely to put into effect, or even to advocate, the reform whi , hhe (Mr. Hume) and all present sought to effect in the Court of Chancery, they were more able to judge "than himself. After he had sat as Mr. Eden in several Parliaments, he had retired from the fatigue of his Parliamentary career on the nomination of Lord Eldonwho, by the stay, was never a very distinguished or thOroughgoing Re former—(A loud laugh)—to a Mastership in Chan cery. Now, his opinion with respect to the pay ment of public servants by fees was well known ; and he had often declared it to be his belief, founded on an accurate knowledge of facts, that the ex traction of fees from suitors, and their entry direct into the pockets of those who were by prescrip tive right entitled to them, was only a clog upon the wheels of justice. The incomes of those splen did pensioners, Lords Ellenborough and Kenyon, both Reformers—(laughter)—were derived from fees, and the very existence of which fees amount ed, in fact, to a denial of justice to the community. All he was for, therefore, in this respect, was to effect a reform in the abuses cf the law ; and which was likeliest to effect it, Lord Hen ley or himself?—(" That's a good hit !") There was a very large class of what were called Public Bodies in this kingdom, who had ever most strenu ously opposed him, and set their faces against him in evety way they possibly could. He alluded to the Bodies called Corporations, who were in nine teen caws out of twenty the staunch and unflinching supporters of all abuses, because they derived so much advantage, with such small comparative indi vidual odium from so doing. There was no doubt that, when they were first appointed, they had their value, as mediators between the Aristocracy and the people at large; but those advantages had long since been merged in the evils and corruptions which time had brought upon them, and which at last had ended in their becoming self-elected bodies, entirely independent and regardless of the people, for whose benefit they were first appointed. Now, however, was the time to wrest their unholy and unjustly acquired exclusive privileges from them, and to re duce them again to their original condition—de pendence upon the choice of the people. There was a black blot upon the pages of this country, of which it was now his business to speak. The time was at length come when the Go vernment, or, if not the Government, the people must wipe from the annals of England the foul stain which yet remained there, by her encouragement and sanction of slavery. It was the duty, the im perative and immediate duty of Parliament, to put into effect the long-contemplated, often-delayed measures suggested for the last forty years, for the emancipation of the Negroes. He would take that opportunity of stating that the ab - lition of the taxes on knowledge was one of those sources of good from which he anticipated the best effects. Those taxes now mainly assisted in perpetuating ignorance, and their removal would cause an amelioration in the classes to whom the Factory Bill referred, which would ultimately tend more to their advantage than any partial check upon the evils which they endured could effect. He was next represented as unfit to be Member for ... Middlesex, " because, having professed himself, for several years, the vigilant guardian of the public purse, he has lately abandoned this duty; openly declaring, in the debate on the Russian Dutch Loan, that he was ready to vote away even millions of the public money, which he knew ought not to be so voted away, rather than put to the least hazard the seats of the present Ministry." Now what were the facts attendant on the vote to which this charge referred ? With the permission of the electors he would briefly detail them. At the time when the Holy Alliance was formed, in 1815, by Lord Castlereagh, who thought this way of binding the more powerful nations of Europe to each other, to separate, divide, and domineer over the minor powers of that large community, was the likeliest mode of perpetuating the power of the dominant faction, an alliance to the whole progress of which, and to every act of which, he was altogether opposed, the Russian Dutch Loan was one of those acts, by which the annexation of Belgium to Holland was guaranteed by the subscribing parties, and a subsidy of 100,0001. a-year was agreed to be paid to Russia by way of obtaining the continued sanction of the na tion to this arrangement. In making this contract, the parties never dreamed of such an event as that which had taken place, namely, of the two nations, Belgium and Holland, separating of their own ac cord, and accordingly made no provision against such a contingency.—Events, however, showed that the separation must tuke place, and by the mutual and voluntary act of the two principal parties them selves. Under these circumstances, the payment to Russia being no longer due, as the treaty upon which its continuance was guaranteed had been vio lated, not through the fault of England, Ministers had, under some erroneous impression, or through some oversight, continued to make the payment as heretofore. When he first heard this, he had ex pressed his opinion to be, that Ministers had done wrong, and, in fact, he had supported that opinion by his vote. The question came, after several dis cussions and divisions, to a direct issue; and he was prepared again to vote in support of his opinion, that the Ministers had done wrong. A declaration I was put forth, that the whole of them intended to resign their seats, if the question was carried against them; and, on the night of the division, he went down to the House fully determined upon voting against them. When, however, he reached the House, be immediately saw that the whole of the Tory party had mustered their strength, with a view to take advantage of those who were opposed to the Ministers on this ground, awl to get them to swell their ranks by siding with them. Seeing this, and fearing that if the Ministers were worsted, and resigned, the Tories would grasp at the falling reins, and seize the vacant Ministerial benches; and anxious also to preserve in power men who, whatever their errors had been, had yet been staunch to the cause of Reform, he determined to vote in support of them on that question, although he did so against his own conviction, and solely for the sake of expediency; the more so, as he had ascertained from Sir R. Peel and Mr. Baring, that even if the Government were to be driven from office for paying this money, the Tory party would not refuse its future payment. Such were the rea sons which guided his vote, which, he again ac knowledged, was a vote of expedience; and the only fault to be found with him was, that he had candour enough to say why he had voted in that manner. His interference with the Bath election was another of the charges against him. The facts stood thus :—Bath, from a close corporation of 24, has now a constituency of 2,000. There were three par ties there—the Reform Association, the Political Union, and the Corporation. The Political Unionists having ascertained the number of electors which the place contained, wrote to him to recommend them a tit person to represent their borough in Par lianient. At the time they made that application, the election of their present Member, General Pal mer, being considered and announced as perfectly sure, Mr. Hobhouse having succeeded to his fa ther's property in the Bank, came forward as the second candidate, and put forth an address of just such milk and water stuff as that of his friend Lord Henley. He simply said that he had not made up his mind as to the necessity for altering the Sep tennial Act—that he had not fully considered the question of the Ballot—that on the Corn Laws he wanted more information—that the Currency ques tion was a very difficult matter—that, in short, he was not prepared to give them any pledge on any one of those points, and the result was, they found he would not suit them. On their application to hart for a candidate, he wrote down in reply, that, provided they would send him up a numerously signed requisition to that effect, and give him also a pletiktlitittethbyt would return their candidate free fro4n - nil "eittrinstiotos-well as insure him a reasonabl e e ,,:-Cjian.6cl,74 Jnicesiss,,he would comply with the i r ... ? ! . ..Vsjielij:"ancl , 4 ,- : asked, also, whether they would .--V , A ';,.--i .---, -...-..: I --) ( - , . ,e, - F,..;, :.-• ,-.: _1 ,---,_ - ~, - 2-. - / -x .~~ I ave a hall-pay officer of good principles? They immediately complied with his wishes, and said they would not have any one connected with Go vernment. Upon this he made up his mind to recom mend to them Mr. Roebuck—a gentleman of whom he knew nothing, save from public acts—but for whose abilities those acts would vouch, and for the excel lence of whose private character his intimacy with Mr. Grote and his family, and with many others of the Reform party in the city of London, would be a sufficient guarantee. Mr. Roebuck sent down an address with which they were highly delighted; but they said, " If you wish to secure the development of your own principles with respect to Reform in Bath, you must come down with Mr. Roebuck yourself." He went down, and the result was highly honourable to Mr. Roebuck, and not other wise, he might presume to say, for himself. He would not sacrifice public principle to private friend ship—he would not do so for Mr. H.—he would not do so for his brother. With respect to the ballot, he was prepared to state, that an unbiassed return of representatives was not to be expected without it.--(Cheers.) He had consented Co waive his ob jections to its omission in the Reform Bill until he saw the result of the next election—but he had al ready seen how the Bill would work, and he had seen sufficient to alarm him for the consequences. — (Hear, hear.) The poorer classes of the people ought to be more particularly protected against the consequences of their votes, and he would just show them an instance of the means to which they were obliged to have resort, to protect themselves from being crushed by those against whom they voted. The Hon. Member then proceeded to read the fol lowing paper : " BOROUGH OF CLITHEROE UNION. " At a meeting of a number of householders of the labouring class, seeing that the people's enemies—the boroughmongering faction—are doing all in their power to put a stop to the progress of Reform, as by law established, " We, as individuals, and for the benefit of the whole community, feeling it our duty to unite for the protection of ourselves, by every legal means in our power, have there fore come to the following resolutions : " 1. That we are determined to do all which our means will allow, and which the law will permit, to frus trate any attempt that shall be made to send to a Reformed Parliament an enemy to the broad principles of Reform. " 2. That we, the operatives of Sabden, in order to carry into effect the last resolution, do now unite as with heart and soul, in a fixed and most determined resolution to abstain from spending our money with any innkeeper who shall take a newspaper whose editor writes in oppo sition to the liberties of the people ; and also, to refrain from having our children christened by, or interring our dead in, any burial-ground where a minister shall of f iciate who has been known to take a part in calling in the mili tary to cut down the people, when peaceably assembled to advocate the rights of Reform. " 3. That we will not trade with any butcher, drug gist, draper, ironmonger, shcernaker, tailor, clogger, glazier, coal-vender, or any other tradesman, who shall be found aiding, or in any way supporting, a Candidate of the principles or character as specified in the first Re solution. " 4. That we further resolve, individually and collec tively, to use all the influence we possess with our respec tive friends and neighbours, to carry these our Resolutions into effect. " 5. Further. That the names of all the coal•venders and shopkeepers—the latter of all sorts and descriptions— and all those persons who are enemies, or in some measure opposed to the people, by promising or giving their votes to a Tory Candidate, shall be printed at the expense of the Sabden Committee of Reform,' on I irge placards, similar to those containing the names of persons in arrears to the Church Rates, &c. and beaded Persons in Arrears to Reform,' and posted on the wails of the village. " Sabden, Sept. 7, 1832." Such were the means to which the poorer classes were necessitated to have resort to protect themselves; arid could any man, after read ing this, deny that the protecting shade of the Bal lot ought to be thrown over them ? lie had now gone through, at length, the main points at issue between the several parties in the State, and he had only to thank the electors for their obliging atten tion, and to say that he was then ready to answer any questions upon matters which he might not have sufficiently explained himself upon.—(Mr. Hume then sat down amidst the loudest plaudits.) An ELECTOR in the crowd asked if he enter stood Mr. Hume r , ghtly, when he declared, that half the votes which he had given in the last Ses sion of Parliament had been given against his con science Mr. HUME had given an explanation, namely, that he had chosen so to vote rather titan by un seating the present Ministers to endanger the Re form Bill. The ELECTOR asked again if Mr. Hume, by ad vocating free trade in corn, wished to see other countries cultivated to the fullest extent, and our own fields lie idle ? Mr. HUME denied that free trade in corn would produce such an effect. The ELECTOR was satisfied. Mr. PowNALL was not satisfied with the explana tion given by the Hon. Member with respect to some of the points on which he had addressed them. He did not agree with him as to his views respecting Church property. With respect to the Hon. Mem ber's avowal that half his votes for the last session of Parliament had been given on the principle of expe diency, lie would only say, that he had acted in that respect on a short-sighted policy, and that his own weapon was a two-edged sword, and would cut both ways. As to the Slavery and Gan Laws questions, he did not think the views of the Hon. Member correct. The following resolution was then put : " That the conduct of Joseph Hume, Esq., as Repre. sentative of the county of Middlesex (coupled with his ex planations this day to his constituents,) has fully justified the high character he has estahlished fur assiduity, politi cal integrity, and independent and manly consistency of conduct, and has entitled him to the grateful estimation and continued confidence of his constituents." This resolution having been carried unanimously, thanks were voted to the worthy and independent Chairman for his impartial and gentlemanly conduct in the chair. After which three cheers were given to Mr. Hume, and the meeting separated shortly before nine o'clock, p. m. The new English Ambassador, Lord MINT°, had his first audience of the King of PRUSSIA, on the 27th ult., at which he had the honour to deliver his credentials. DARING OUTRAGE.—On Wednesday night, about 9 o'clock, as Mr. WALSH, of King's-square, Gm well-street-road, was returning in his gig from Croydon fair, accompanied by his wife, when a short distance from the Greyhound, at Streatham, they were attacked by two men, one of whom seized the horse by the head, and an other struck Mr. WALSH a violent blow on the back with a heavy bludgeon. Mr. W., who is a powerful man, im meth itely jumped out, when a scuffle ensued, in which he would no doubt have been eventually overpowered but for the fortunate arrivil of a second gig, in which were two gentlemen, when the villains made off across the common. One of the gentlemen immediately joined Mr. WALSH in pursuit of them, but unfortunately the darkness of the night enabled them to make good their escape. The two men were in the garb of sailors, and had the appearance of those wandering vagabonds who infest the roads round London, soliciting charity fur distressed tars unable to procure a ship. Their only clothing was loose pantaloons and check shirts. On Monday evening, about a quarter to 10, a private watchman, belonging to Serle's wharf, near the foot of Westminster-bridge, was passing Astley's Theatre, when he observed a well-dressed female, apparently about 30 years of age, making for the bridge ; she seemed very much agitated, and trembled violently. At the foot of the bridge she stopped, tore from her neck a handsome silk shawl and handkerchief, a gold chain and eye-glars, which she placed in her reticule, and then rushed down the steps on the left-hand side of the bridge, with the intention of throwing herself into the water; fortunately, she Wks prevented from the completion of her object by some palingOri that are nailed up on that side. Upon observing -tiff obstacle, she immediately ran up the steps again,. was across the road in an instant, and, rushing down the step*, on the other side of the bridge, wont' have precipitate& herself into the water, had not the watchman, who was closely observing her, rushed , :own the steps time enough to prevent her. He expostulated with her on the rash act she was about to commit, but could gain no answer from her; she wept bitterly, and was conveyed to the house of Nit.. SWINBOROUGH, the bridgemaster, almost in a state of insensibility from extreme agitation. LITERATURE. ILLUSTRATIONS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. NO. VIII. COUSIN MARSHALL-NO. IX. IRELAND. TALES BY HARRIET AIARTINEAU-LONDON, 1832. These are two of a series of most important volumes on the subject they are meant to illus trate. Miss Martineau's plan of conveying in struction of this kind in popular tales, is as well executed in its details as it was original in its conception. The doctrines she lays down are for the most part sound, and, although we some times differ with her, the opinions she enter tains, if all implicitly received by those to whom they are addressed, cannot fail to work a vast improvement in Their minds. With every prin ciple laid down in the first volume, at the head of our article, we entirely concur. Its object is to show the evil effects of the poor laws, and how these effects are brought about. Admir ably will it answer its purpose, for we feel satis fied that ninety-nine men out of a hundred, who read the book, even if they have had their eyes shut to the lesson which every parish affords them, will rise from its perusal convinced of the truth of the principles it inculcates, melancholy though the conclusions to which they lead us be. The following is but too true a picture of what too often takes place : . " On one occasion when Mr. Burke was entering the village of Titford, he overtook Mr. Effingham walking slowly with his head bent down, -and his hands in his pocket. He looked up when greeted by his friend; who accosted him with— " ' I am atraid you are to be one of my patients to-day, to judge by your gait and countenance. What can be the matter ? No misfortune at home, I hope ?' " No ; but I have just heard something that has shock ed me very much. There is an execution at Dale's.' " How hard that poor man has struggled!' observed Mr. Burke. ' And has it even come to this at last ?' " ' Even so ; and through no fault of his own that I can see. They ale distraining for the rate.' " Aye, that is the way, Effingham. Thus is our pauper list swelled, year by year. It grows at both ends. Paupers multiply their own numbers as fast as they can, and rate-payers sink down into rate-receivers. This will probably be Dale's fate, as it has been that of many little farmers before him. And if it is, he will only anticipate by a few years the fate of others besides small farmers, of shopkeepers, manuracturers, merchants, and agriculturists of every class; always providing that some radical amend ment of the system does not tike place.' " God help us !' cried Effingham. If so, our se curity is gone, as a nation, and as individuals.' " At present, Effinghatn, the security of property is to the pauper, and not to the proprietor, however rich he may be. The proprietor is compelled, as in the case be fore us, to pay more and more to the rate till his profits are absorbed, and he is obliged to relinquish his undertakings one after another; field after field goes out of cultivation, his capital is gradually transferred to his wages-fund, which is paid away without bringing an adequate return ; and when all but his fixed capital is gone, that becomes liable to seizure, and the ruin is complete. There is no more security of property, under such a system, than there is security of life to a poor wretch in a quicksand, who feels himself swallowed up inch by incb. The paupers meanwhile are sure of their relief as long ai the law sub sists. They are to be provided for at all events, let what will become of other people. While Dale has been fretting by day, and tossing by night under the burden of his rare, his pauper labourers have been supporting a very different kind of burden—the burden of the p super song, Hang sorrow and cast away care, The parish is bound tO find us !' " This very security of property which is the most precious of an independent man's rights,' said Effingham, 'seems to be the most pernicious thing in the world to the indigent. One may fairly call it so in relation to them, for they seem to consider the produce of the rate as their property.' "'lt is really so,' replied Burke. They know it to be the lawful property of the pauper body, and that the only question is bow it is to be distributed ? As long as they know this, they will go on multiplying the claims upon it till nothing is left with which to satisfy them.' "'lt is very odd,' said Effingham 'that none of the checks that have ever been tried have done any good ; they seem rather to have made the matter worse.' "'I do not think it strange, Effingham. None of the remedies have struck at the root of the evil, and none could therefore effect lasting good. The test is just thi' do they tend to lessen the number of the indigent ? Un less they do this, they may afford relief to a generation, or shift a burden from one district to another, or from one class of producers upon another ; but they will not itn p rove the system.'" The fields going out of cultivation, here enu merated as among the consequences of the poor laws, might in part be fairly attributed to the un certainty of the farmer's market, occasioned by the corn laws ; but to what follows we have no exception to make. The friends, after remarking on the inefficacy of every plan of relief yet tried, thus continue the conversation : " Aye ; there is the mistake, Effingham. People think they give relief in giving money.' " I seldom give money,' replied Effingham. " No ; hut you give what money will buy, which is, begging your pardon, worse than ineffectual. Now, if you have no objection, I should like to know how much you spent on coals and blankets the first Christmas you settled here, and how much last year ?' " I began with devoting five pounds a-year to this purpose ; but it increased sadly. I stopped short two years ago at twenty pounds; but it grieved me to the heart to do so, for more objects now remain unsupplied than I supplied at first.' " Probably ; and are these new applicants strangers from other parishes brought round you by your bounty, or are more of your near neighbours in a condition for receiv ing charity ?' " Dale reproaches me with having brought an inun dation of paupers from a distance; but really our own population has increased wonderfully.' " ' And the more support you offer them, friend, the more surprisingly they will increase, if there can be anything surprising in the case. Surely you do not mean to go on giving coals and blankets?' What can I do? You would call me cruel to withdraw the gift, if you could see the destitution of the poor creatures. lam completely at a loss how to proceed. If I go on, poverty increases ; if I stop, the people will freeze and pine before my eyes. What a dilemma !' " Much like that of government about its pauper subjects. I should recommend the same method to both.' " To fix a maximum, I suppose ;to declare the amount beyond which relief shall not be given ? I have cried that, and it does not succeed. Twenty pounds a_year is my maximum, and is known to be so ; but every one hopes to have a portion of it, and reckons upon his share nearly as confidently as if all were sure of it.' " Of course; and there is the additional evil of ad mitting the principle of a claim to support, which is at the bottom of the mischief.—No; to fix a maximum is to unite the evils of the maintenance and the abolition of the pauper system; and both are bad enough singly. If I were you, and if I were the government, I would imme diately disavow the principle in question, and take mea sures for ceasing to act upon it. If I were you, 1 would explain to my neighbours that, finding this mode of cha rity create more misery than it relieves, I should discon tinue it in the way which appears to inflict the least hard ship. I would give notice that, after the text Christmas donation, n 3 more coals and blankets shall be given except to those aged and sickly people who at present look for them ; and that no new applicants whatever shall be placed on the list, the object being to have the charity die out as soon as possible.' But I should be railed at wherever I turn my face. I should not wonder if they pull my house about my ears. They will rob my poultry-yard, and burn my ricks. They ss s Very like the situation of government !' exclaimed Mr. Burke. The very same difficulties on a smaller scale. Friend, you must bear the railing for a time, since it comes as a natural consequence of what you have already done. I atn sure so benevolent a man as you would rather endure this personal inconvenience than add to the misery around you. You are capable of heroism in retrieving a mistake,.Effingham. As for your house and other pro firtycloUtinust take measures to protect it. You must firmly iiii*Aeptly repress tendencies to violence which arise, as yOrl•iltovv perceive from an error of your own.' " ' I will consider, resolve, and act; and that without delay, for the evil is pressing,' said Effingham. " ' I wish government would do the same,' replied Zr. Burke. 'liesti much of consideration, but the resolve is yet to be made ; and how long the act may be in follow ing, it is impossible to guess. Meanwhile, we are going headlong to ruin as fast as you would do if you answered all the petitions for charity which would be brought upon you by unbounded readiness to give. Your private fortune would be gone in a twinkling, and so will vanish our national resources.' " ' What period would you fix for abolishing the rate?' " The best plan, in my opinion, yet proposed, is this : —to enact that no child horn from any marriAge taking place within a year fi orn the date of the law, and no illegi timate child horn within two years from the same date, shall ever be entitled to parish assistance. This re. t tilation should be made known, and its purpose explained univer sally ; and this, if properly done, might, I think, prevent violence, and save a vast amount of future distress. Thef peop'e should be called together, either in their places o worship or elsewhere, in such a manner as to attract the whole population to listen, and the case should be explained to them by their pastors or others. It is so plain a case, and so capable of illustration, that I see no great difficulty in making the most ignorant comprehend it.' " ' And yet the details are vast.' " Vast, but not complicated ; so the whole might be conveyed in a parable which any child can understand. I think I dare undertake to prove to arty rational being that national distress cannot he relieved by money, and that consequently individual distress cannot be so relieved with out inflicting the same portion of distress elsewhere. A child van see that if there is so much breath in a country and no more, and if the rich give same of the poor 2s. a day that they may eat more bread, the price of bread will rise, and some who could buy before must' go without now. Since no more bread is created by this charity, the only thing done is to take some of it out of the reach of purchasers to give it to paupers.' '" True : the only real charity is to create more bread ; and, till this can be done, to teach mea to be frugal of what they have.'" We have taken up so much space with the first of these volumes, that we cannot give so much as we could wish to the second. We the more regret this, as there are certain parts of it upon which it was our intention to offer some observations adverse to the principles Miss Mar tineau lays down. The authoress has given a very vivid sketch of some of the evils which afflict Ireland, the system of' middlemen, joint tenancies, a double set of clergy, &c., but we are somewhat at issue with her as to the remedies to he applied to them. We have already stated it as our opinion that a temporary poor law, to be limited in its advantages to parties now married or who remain single, was essential as a prelimi nary to any improvement in the condition of the people of Ireland. We acknowledge such a law to be against principle ; but we would only have it temporary, and the state of Ireland is such that immediate relief is wanted. Miss Mar tineau would give that relief in the shape of assistance to emigration, acknowledging, how ever, that it is equally against principle, and only to be justified by the necessity of the case. We should be well content to see either mode of relief, accompanying proper legislative measures for the permanent welfare of that fine country ; but our opinion is, that relief in the shape of public assistance to emigration would throw the burden upon those who ought not to bear it,—upon those who are innocent of having brought on any part of the evil of over-popu lation, or who have exerted themselves to remove it in - their private capacities. We cannot quite concur either in the conclusion at which Miss Martineau arrives in the following passage, at the end of the volume, in her summary of prin ciples illustrated in it :—" The imposition of a church establishment on those who already sup port another church, intercepts the due reward of labour, by taking from the labourer a portion of his earnings for an object from which he derives no benefit r' It is true the Catholic labourer may derive no benefit from the preaching of the Protestant clergyman, but it is not true that he pays any portion of his earnings to him. When paid, tithe is a deduction from the land lord's rent ; when not paid, the landlord receives it in the shape of increased rent. This is so plain that we cannot help being surprised at a writer like Miss Martineau, clear-headed as she has proved herself to be, falling into the error of supposing that tithe is paid by the labourer. The following picture of an Irish auction, or cant, as it is called, for the sale of three small lots of land, would amuse, were it not for the melan choly feelings such an exhibition of extortion on the one hand, and improvidence on the other, is calculated to excite " They were just in time to take a survey of the lots before bidding. There was a small choice of advantages ; for the preceding tenants, knowing that they need not hope for a renewal, and that the mode of letting by cant would, in a il probability, turn them out of the place, had ex hatrted the land to the utmost for the 1 Ist two or three years. This measure not only gave them as much as they could obtain for the time, but afforded a chance of getting the lot back again on cheaper terms. The excessive coin petition which is usual on such occasions, however, made this last hope a very doubtful one. The only thing that was certain beforehand was, that the affair would prove a very bad bargain to all parties :—to the landlord, because his land was nearly ruined, and little rent would, therefore, be paid, however much was promised ; to the successful bidder, because he would be unable to fulfil his absurd promises about the rent, and be therefore liable to driving, distraint, or ejectment; and to the unsuccessful bidders, because they had come a great way, full of hopes and visions of being able to settle on the land, and must return desti tute as they came, and disappointed. " A crowd surrounded the man of power, as soon as he appeared on the ground. Many an offering had he hail that morning of dutiful service, of overstrained civility, or of something more substantial, from those who could af ford it, with the hope of inclining him to favour their par ticular bid. The most diversified claims to a preference were whispered into his ear, or exhibited before his eyes, wherever he went. One had picked up the landlord's heir, when thrown by his pony into a bog in childhood ; another had had the honour of lodging the agent, one stormy night among the mountains. One limped osten tatiously before Mr. Flanagan, to remind him that the lameness happened from one of the landlord's fences hav ing fallen upon him, while dozing beneath its shelter ; another, a feeble old man, pleaded a yet unfulfilled promise of a Mr. 'f racey, who had been in his grave nearly thirty years. , 4 Mr. Flanagan took no further notice of all this than to bid the people get out of his way. From many a clutch did disengage his skirts; on many a p e tition, savoured with he tha scent of potheen, did he turn his back ; many a venerable blue top-coat, and gray cloak, did he elbow from his side, before he could proceed to business. When once b egu n, it required an eye as practised, and an ear as inured as his, to distinguish that any business was proceeding, amidst the hubbub of voices, the shoving, jostling, and scrambling, which took place while the bidding went on. The confusion fairly baffled some lookers on, who stopped their horses on the outskirts of the crowd to observe the scene. Mr. Alexander Rosso, just from college, his bro ther Henry, and a foreign gentleman, a college friend of the former, were taking their morning ride, surrounded by their dogs, when it occurred to Alexander, that this was the occasion on which to exhibit to his friend the re semblance between the Irish and his countrymen. He was scarcely aware that the occasion on which the people were assembled was similar to that which often collects the Italian peasantry in groups, to contend with equal ve hemence for slips of land, which they hold on the same terms. The Irish cottier is of the same class with the d ve m r middlemen r e a r w e , h Aavti is natural f n e a w tu e r x a c i ep to tions, ex pect men to be under circumstances of strong temptation The Italian gentleman, after gazing with fixed used an expressive gesture, to intimate that some minutes, alikeit etaYaeirl oppressionot hf eltwa a loy a r da o no f absolute impunity. attention, and an amused expression of countenance, for he could make nothing of it. 4 , The first lot is disposed of, Henry, is it not?' asked Alexander. That half-nitkcil, capering fellow bid highest. I think.' " ' Yes,' replied Henry ; and he looks as if he hail just had the mines of Peru given him.' " 'He !' exclaimed the foreigner, in astonishment. and how will he pay ?" " No one will pay all,' replied Henry, laughing. The agent can only weigh probabilities ; and if he happens to know that that poor fellow hat; a little coin hidden some where, to help him on for a year or two, he will stop at his bidding as the highest.' " But why stop ? Is it not the people's part to stop?' " ' We might wait long enough for that,' replied Alex ander. ' They will bid against each other till midnight. They will offer a hundred per annum per acre rather than lose their chance of getting the land. Our people are very rich in promises.' " ' And how much has the ragged man promised ?' " Flanagan !' shouted Henry, above the din, which sank to silence in a moment, ' how much has your first lot brought you ?' • " ' Nine pounds per acre, Sir, and yonder stands the tenant.' " The successful bidder came forward, smiling and scrap ing, not a whit ashamed of the bare knees which had burst through what had once been breeches, or of the tatters which were bound about his person, in various directions, by hay-ropes, there being no other way of keeping them together. " ' Ask him,' urged the eager foreigner, ' ask him where his pounds are to come from, and why he wishes to be a farmer.' " There is most likely a lady in the case,' ob served Henry; and then turning to the man, he inquired whether he had not done a very daring thing in engaging to pay so high a yearly sum ? " God save your honour kindly, the mother is turned out of her own, beyond there ; and its a cabin I'm wish ing to give her, old creature as she is, and a bite and sup with me.' " And is there nobody else, friend, likely to be your cabin. keeper ?' " The man's countenance fell, and he ieplied that there was to have been one last Shrovetide, but that she was forcibly carried off, and married to another man, before he could overtake her. Henry turned the subject lustily, shocked at his own curiosity, which had led to such a dis closure. He asked the min whether he could honestly say that lie had a week's provision beforehand for his mother and himself? The tenant laughed and pointed to his new ground, saying that they might glean potatoes enough among the ridges, after the digging, to keep them for a few days till they could look about them a bit. His mother moreover had a cow, and a slip of a pig. He ended by bewitchingly asking for the blissen' on his en terprise. The foreigner was amused to observe that in Ireland a blessing comes out of the pocket instead of the mouth ; not that the verbal blessing is absolutely worth less ; but it is considered merely as an accessory to some thing more substantial. " The process of giving the blessing quickened the bid ding, as it was feared the gentlemen might leave the ground before the next successful candidate was ready to pay his smiling service. The lot was awarded to Dan, who, after tossing up his hat, advanced towards the horsemen, fol lowed by his father-in-law. They observed to one another that he looked better qualified than his predecessor to pay rent, his dress being decent, and his manner betokening snore forethought and experience. " Have you an old mother to find a shelter for, too?' inquired Alexander. " ' There's the mother and the father too that's to the fore,' replied Dan, turning to introduce Sullivan. " And the darling too that's been his wife almost since the sun rose,' added Sullivan. Dan has had the priest's blessing this morn, and sure your honours' won't be long in following?' " I would have married in the evening, Dan, if I had been you,' said Henry. ' The land first, and then the girl, is the prudent way, you know. How would you have managed, if you had had the girl without the land ?' " Dan could not pretend to guess what Providence's other way of providing for him and Dora would hive been ; the actual case was as much as any man had to do with. This reasoning put him in the actual case of re ceiving a large blessing from the foreigner, who then rode off with his companions, notwithstanding the vehement prayers of the crowd that they would stay till the third and last lot was disposed of. They had neither time nor further blessing to spare this day. They did not, how ever, escape by turning their backs. The third new tenant was posted in the middle of their road homewards, and on their approach, extended his arms, as if to embrace the three horses with their riders, praying for an i nfinity of blessings on their merciful and tender and bountiful hearts, and expressing his expectation that he should begin the world with a trifle from their honours, like Pat and Dan. " See what you have done, Henry,' said his brother. ► We shall be expected to pay tribute, henceforward, to every ne►v tenant, as often as a cant takes place within twenty miles.' " Henry set himself seriously to explain that their bounty of this day was purely accidental, and that none of the party meant to give again on a similar occasion. He would nut dismiss the present applicant without a gift, since his companions had had one ; but he gave him less than the others, in order to enforce what he had said. The man followed for some way, keeping close in their rear in hope of their relenting, and then retired to the road side, grumbling as if defrauded of a right. " It is the most difficult thing in the world,' ob served Henry, to deal with these people; they have such strange notions of right. Every favour is immedi ately considered as a precedent to be for ever acted upon : every change in our methods of doing kindness is looked upon as caprice, and every suspension of a gratuity as an injury."' HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN NO• TICES OF CROSBY HALL. BY E. J. CARLOS, ONE OF THE COMMITTEE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE STRUCTURE. Sir John Crosby, an Alderman of London, in the 15th century, built himself a magnificent house in the city, in the year 1466. At his death, a few years afterwards, it appears that the Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard 111., occupied it for a short time ; hence Shakspeare's reference to it. It was subsequently occupied by different persons, principally merchants, till it was destroyed by fire, upwards of 150 years back. The hall, and an adjacent apartment, escaped, and were let to a series of dissenting preachers, till it was let to a packer about 1780, who used it for the purposes of his business. It continued to be appropriated to such humble but useful purposes till last year, when the lease expired. The poor old hall being now upon its last legs, there was every probability o f the owner pulling it down, and erecting counting houses and chambers in its place ; but seeing how readily a little stir produced a subscription to restore a tumble-down barn of a place, be cause it was called the Ladye Chapel (mark, the word is spelt with a y and e,) whilst the magnificent church to which it was attached was comparatively neglected, seeing this, we dare say he thought it would be no bad thing to get the hall of Crosby House (which may be spelt Crosbie) rebuilt, or restored, as the phrase is, in the same manner. However the thing originated, a meeting was got up at the London Tavern, as we know meetings are got up, and resolutions passed to form a com mittee to collect subscriptions to restore the fabric, and appropriate the building to such public object as the committee might deem ex pedient. Finally, one of the committee resolves to write a book upon the matter ; but as the great hall could not have much said of it after f ts hav o e f i o agt r u hr t ,l sptohdwi dimensions, hni ns t n h iogo e t ez.oei it was oAav all a : tohr t ned l r ei a ci wets: occupants ua g :p - v% a : o ne t o o m fi o l of the statement that it is 55 feet long by 27 broad, ice o a o u r r p d b a i v Crosbie House, and the renters of the hall, from Sir John Crosbie, the account of whom is certainly interesting, down to James Reliy, " the founder of a sect called the Rellyanists, or Rel lyan Universalists, whose distinguishing enets have received the name of Antihomianism," &c. " He was buried in the Maze Pond burial ground, where there is an inscription to his memory." This is wonderful. Having de scribed not only what stones remain of the hall, hut what do not, the writer at last winds up thus The last relic of Crosby-place to be noticed is an elliptical arch, turned in brick, - which was for•nerly situated at the southeast corner of Crosby-square, and opening upon the lane still existing, and which was referred to in the grant to Bonvice. The style of the brick work will not warrant a date earlier titan the 17th century." Here is an interesting relic of Crosbie-House for you. Dost thou wish to see it, reader? Unhappy Wight, listen to its fate. —" This archway has recently been removed, and a breast-summer substituted, with architec tural decorations, worked in plaster !" So much for Crosbie Hall. We understand that the Committee propose to take it on lease from the owner, if they can procure a sufficient sum to put it into repair, and then turn it into a read ing-rcom, or something of that kind. If people choose to give this money towards putting an old room into repair; that gentlemen dwelling about the labyrinth of lanes in the neighbourhood of St. Helen's may have cheap reading, we can have no objection to it; but we must say that we see no reason why the remnant of Crosbie Hall should not be left to the care of its pro prietor or lessees, as well as the remnants cf many other private dwellings of equal antiquity and interest in the same neighbourhood. What we should say is, let those who have money to spare upon such objects go to Westminster Hall, a really national building, worth a million of Crosbie Halls, let them examine its dilapidated state, the surprise of foreigners and our own dis grace, and set on foot a subscription for restor ing it. DUTCH PAPERS. THE HAGUE, OCT. 2.—Their Royal Highnesses the three sons of the Prince of Orange arrived here yesterday evening. They are lodged in the build ing formerly belonging to the Netherlands Commer cial Company, which was lately purchased by his Majesty for that purpose. Her Royal Highness the Princess of Orange is expected by the 10th of this month. Cardinal De Latil, almoner to King Charles X., arrived at Rotterdam yesterday, in the steamboat from London, on his way to Gratz. Two of our newspapers have lately ceased, the Atlas, published at Amsterdam, and the Standaart, at the Hague. BERLIN, SEPT. 28.—The day before yesterday, his Majesty gave the new English Ambassador, LIM Minto, his first audience, at which he had the honour of delivering his credentials. After the termination of the reviews his Majesty conferred different orders on a number of the prin cipal officers of the army. The troops have already left Teltow to return to their garrisons. His Ma jesty has signified to the troops, in a Cabinet order, his satisfaction at their appearance and discipline. Lord Durhatm has already left Berlin to proceed to London. There are many conjectures respecting the negotiations in which his Lordship has been engaged since he arrived here. Some think that he exerted himself to induce our Cabinet to co-operate in ameliorating the condition of the Poles; others, who think themselves better informed, are of opinion that the negotiation of that Ambassador rather related to the affairs of the Netherlands. It is not known whether his Lordship has succeeded in the object of his IP b ;ion here; but it was observed that he had repeated conferences with the Minister for Foreign Affairs, and that here, as at St. Peters burgh, he was treated with distinguished respect. FRANKFORT, SEPT. 29.—Her Royal Highness the Duchess de Berri, with her suite, arrived here yesterday. AMSTERDAM, OCT. 2.—The Journals of this city contair, long extracts, from the English and Fr e nch papers, of the articles relative to the supposed in- tention of the two Courts to employ coercive mea• sures against Holland. DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTERDAM, Om 2. Actual Debt, 24 per cent 41% to 424 Amort Syndic, 44 per cent 70% to 714 Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent 554 to 56% Voluntary Loan, 1831, 6 per cent 95% to 964 Ditto, ditto, 1832, 5 per cent BO% to 8114 Exchange on London, one month l2 17 5.10 Ditto, two months —Dutch Papers, Oct. 3. WARSAW, SEPT. 23.—The Committee for the relief of poor officers of the former Polish army has published a 32d, 33d, 34th, and 35th list of 3 2 persons, to whom annual pensions to the amount of 30,565 florins are granted. The Municipal Council has reminded the public of the old regulation by which those persons are to be punished who harbour deserters. - - The inhabitants of Warsaw and Praga who have arty claim on the Government arising from transac" tions from the Ist of June, 1815, to the 30th of November, 1830, are summoned again to produce their claiMs, supported by the necessary documenter without distinction, whether their claims have already been alleged by any body or not. BERLIN, SEPT. 28.—Lord Durham has just lei Berlin to return to London—Lord Frederick a", Lady Augusta Ft tzclarence, and Lieutenant-Genet Doyle, to Hanover. . - PRUSSIAN FUNDS—BERLIN, Sim. 28. St. Schuld Scb. 4 per cent., Prussian English Loan, 1818, 51er cent. lO3 Ditto Ditto 18-22, 5 per cent. lO3 Ditto Bonds 1830, 4 percent. BB —Prussian State Gazette, Sept. •29. TRIESTE, SEPT. The British frigate Madagascar, and the Cornelie, French sloop of war, ay . rived h e re on the 20th in s t., fr o m N a p o li di Romania as p Corfu,with the Greek deputation to King OTIIO 00 bolt & tad d ft town nagy To a mfloaTnr companyHnoiEnffigSc: Aldermanr. 0 f Tan t d i 43 D d A twentyßnl f Lni d E n eTYn t , ef ;lour, having under his directions a military force, a: 4l f of the police, to attend a tithe sale at Ballynanny, House, on account of Mr. PONSONRY SHAW.—Du b"` 'horning Register of Wednesday. the On Tuesday morning died, very suddenly, °, hrl !_.se ater ' iirtabhnei :see:a:l;l6Y', a spasmodic attack on the chest, aged 54, Mr. JOS OI I CLARKE, sawyer. He was a man of gr e at physic'' strength ; a few years ago he lifted a 24 foot deal, with , man at each end, above his head, to the extent o f big aro' by placing himself in the centre.—Shejj7eld Iris. M. THIERS, the new French Minister ° Public Instruction, was the founder, and for some ti rn . c : the editor, of the National j ourna l, who re pre se nt politl„ are more inimical to thejuste milieu party, to which 7 . ; now belongs, than th ose o f an y other o f t h e p r i nc ipal P s r journals. The bakers in the metropolis yesterday mor e '' tag lowered the price of the quarters loaf one po ri e l,: r which by the highest•priced bakers will now be sold ightpence-halfpenny. A few weeks ago, Miss ANNING, of LYln e d tltscovered an Icetyosaurus Platyodon, 22 feet long. gigantic fussil• rema in i s no w i n t o w n , an d will e nrich fr e i invaluable geologic a l collection of T. HAwicttis, Sago ° GI istonhurv. On Sunday morning a stack of sainfoin, abort 10 tons, and a stack of white pens, about So quarte r : .ituated near Chartham, were both destroyed, having b e f e set fire to, it is supposed, by some villsin, who has for present escaped detrttit,n. The fire was first disco ve r uetween three and four o'clock, and the Phoenix, 1(1:: Ind Norwich engines were soon on the spot. The Pittt c sere the property of Mr. Flrticu, who, we are happy 0 1 say, is i nsured in the Norwich Fire-office. A reward 1501. has been offered fur the apprehension of the offender' —Kentish Gazette.