The Sun. — London, England, 1847-02-10 00:00:00

(tom BUSINESS. mom the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons. TUESDAY, FEB. 9. , L _The following R a il w ay Bills were presented, read a first Nand ordered to be read a second time : Newport, Abergavenny, and 11Preford (Extension to Taff NT., Railway)—" to enable the Newport, Abergavenny, and ilereford Railway Company to extend their Railway from the neighbourhood of Pontipool to the Taff Vale Railway. Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford Deviations— ,, for R• ending the Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford Railway 1846, and to authorise Deviations from the Line of the t ▪ Rail , wa and for snaking Branches and Extensions here from. s N orthern Counties Union Deviation—" to enable the e rthens Counties Union Railway Company to make certain tteration s in their Railway, in the parishes of Aysgarth and wensley, in the North Riding of the coutty of York. T. Midland Great Western of Ireland (Extension from Ath nto Gal wa y)—" t o en abl e the Midland Great Western r o ` u waY of Ireland Company to make a Railway from Ath 11e to Gal wa y. Leeds and Thirsk (Branch from Melmerby to Northaller 'e' &e.)—" for enabling the Leeds and Thirsk Railway 0 1 1 1 any to make a Railway from Melmerby and Northal -14 and to form a Junction with the York and Newcastle re ter and Exmouth—" to amend the Exeter and Ex- Illonth I°l4ll- Railway Act, 1846, and to enable the London and W estern Railway Company to subscribe towards, lease vrpurchaae the said Railway. ( leede and Thirsk (Eaglescliff and Stillington Extension) .... " for enabling the Leeds and Thirsk Railway Company to tltend their Leeds and Hartlepool Railway from Eaglescliff t, the Clarence Railway at Stillington, all in the county of D i f, L eeda. and Thirsk (Leeds, Durham, and Newcastle Exton l"ec.)—" for enabling the Leeds and Thirsk Railway th ra s tany to make a Railway from the Clarence Railway to fLa evreastle and Berwick Railway, with a Branch there into the Bishop Auckland Branch of the York and New.. ca w ie Railway. Leads and Thirsk (Harrogate and Pateley Branch, &c.) — ▪ for enabling the Leeds and Thirsk Railway Company to Inalt e a Ra ilway by Harrogate to Pateley, and for other P 4 rPes i . bailey, and Thirsk (Deviation of Main Line in Crimple e t ; e 3r, &c.)--" for enabling the Leeds and Thirsk Railway Cri mple to deviate the Main Line of their Railway in ~,7,nl s l !le Valley, to alter the proposed Junction with the ork Newcastle Railway, and to divert the Leeds, Wortley, tud Stanningley Turnpike Road. t L eads and Thirek (Knaresborough and Boroughbridge Co'l " 13 )—" for enabling the Leeds and Thirsk Railway 'Pliny to make a Railway from the township of Knares wrough to or near Boroughbridge. Ate' following Railway Bills were read a second time, corn rthitted, and re f erre d to t h e C omm i ttee o f S e l ec ti on : wlen Barrhead, and Hurlet. Norfolk ( Branch from Norwich to Aylsharn, with a Branch to North Walsham). ziorth British (No. 1). S enthampton and Dorchester (Weymouth Branch). STANDING ORDERS COMMITTEE. „ The following Resolutions were reported from the above uommittee : 1. That in the case of th e C row l an d and Cowbit Washes, , Drainage petition, for leave to present a petition for a the sessional order ought to be dispensed with .—That "Parties be permitted to present their petition accordingly. 2. Th a t i n t h e case o f t h e Midl an d R a il way (Eyewash v ewash &c.) petition, the standing orders ought to be dis rwitied with :—That the parties be permitted to proceed with their Bill. u _ 3 . That in the case of the Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock r i ,lway (Branches at Port Glasgow and to :the Caledonian 0 4 1 way and Diversion of Catial) petition, the standing ers Ought to be dispensed with :—That the parties be per t 'tied to proceed with their Bill, on amending the section, v rOtating thereon the situation of the Weir to the level of tt I th the datum line was intended to be referred :—And that i t „ e Committee on the Bill do examine, in the first place, er far such or d er h a s b een complied with ; and do report same to the House on the report of the BilL—Resolutions 'breed to. CONTROVERTED ELECTIONS. ot lit r• Sidney Herbert reported from the General Committee to lections, that they had selected the following Members Ebethe Chairmen's panel, and to serve as Chairmen of lection, Committees for the present session :—Right Hon. It7eis Baring, Ralph Bernal, Esq., George Banks, Esq., you Palmer, Esq., Henry Home Drummond, Esq., and " 11 . Henry Manners Sutton. _kr. Sidney Herbert also reported from the General Corn irtee of Elections that they had divided the list referred to bZn, of Members to serve on Election Committees into five the Whereupon the Clerk decided by lot at the table : order of the said panels, and distinguished each of them rely !lumber denoting the order in which they were respect drawn. Ordered, that the said panels be printed. lin•ey - .LCES GIVEN AT THE PRIVATE BILL-OFFICE. i...rite following Rail w ay Bills are appointed to be read a nd time on Monday, Feb. 15:— 4 Wakefield, and Midland Junction. -kuabury and Yeovil. PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS. (Prom the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons.) TUBSDAY, FEB. 9. NAVIGATION LAWS. Motion made, and Question put, " That a Select Corn 141ttee be appointed to inquire into the operation and policy the Navigation Laws." The House divided:— MAJORITY—AYES, 155. A e sorl. Viscount Forster, Mathew O'Brien, W. S. .sl i uld. T. D. Fox, C. R. O'Connell, D., jnn. imenby, H. A . French, F. O'Cenne.ll,:John Worth, Peter Gibson, Themes M. O'Coner. Don ewe. Walter G ou lb urn , H enr y O'F erra ll. R. M. )1.,. 1 ".„"a11ui. A. Graham, Sir JameB Ogle, S. C. h - Y. Henry Granger. T. C. Oswald, Alexander e.__ F . F. T. G ra tt an , H enr y Osw a ld. J. hzLiaza. Edward G. Grey, Sir G. Paget, Lord A. 4,3,-.. Sir H . W. Grosvenor. Lord R. Parker, John J ° llll Grosvenor, Earl Peel, Sir Robert La ley. Craven Guest, Sir J. Philips, Mark Oeley, C aptain Hall, Sir Benjamin Plumridge, Captain li a 7 . .e. 1.1. Harcourt. G. Pusey, P. 'ul. W. H. Hawes, Ike* Rice, E. R. IL -o..rerie, H. P. Hay, Sir A. L. Rich, Henry 11e...,_' w1 " , Admiral Hayes, Sir E. Homilly, John t,, - . o g. Dr. Heathcoat, John Russell, Lord J. eeat, John Herbert, Sydney Rutherford, A. nberton, Joseph Hill, Lord M. Bandon, Viscount e n Th. W. Buller, Charles Hobhense, Sir J. Seymour. Lord Hope, Sir J. Sheridan, R. B. 0 10 g. G. g. Hope, A. Smith, Vernon il- , - e u esen, D. Howard. Henry Somers, J. P. t„..well, Edward Humphery, Ald. Somerset. Lead G. e t , ' m r. W. H. Pole Hutt, William Somerville, Sir W. c u ePlin, vf . a r . James, William Stuart. V. el °lr ueleY, Sir J. Jamey , enlenta Sir W, C. Strutt. Edward el ar ,. --. Viscount Jervis, Sir John Sutton. H. U. n_, G. Kelly, James Tenured. H. W. eiebreeke, Sir T. Labouchere, Henry Thornely, T. voisle 0 -t. John Langston. J. 8 Tufnen, IL °ud' Aid . Lascelles, W. S. Tuite, H. U. rry e e t . I lenry Lincoln. Earl of Turner, Edmund (,"Iler, W. JP. TJndaey, Captain Vesey. Hen. T. irewford W. S. Loch, James Villiers, Charles letlison, E. is. Lockhart, A. E. Walker, Richard 7, nnistotm, J. Macaulay, T. B. Warburton, H. 'lleltinson, F. H. M'Carthy, Alex. Wa. d. H. G. ekworth, Sir J. M' Taggart, Sir J. Watson, W. H. sUcan, Lord Maitland, T. Wawn, J. T. can, George Hasterm,n, John Wellesley, Lord C. 4'undas, Admiral Maule, Fox Williams, W. 14. 11 _ , des, David Mitcalfe, Henry Winnington, Sir T. EithoPe, Sir J. Mitchell, T. A. Wood, Sir Charles on, Sir P. Moffatt, George Wood, Colonel T. k h .ee. Edward Aturpeth, Viscount Wortley, J. S. Rue. Wynn Morris, David Wyse, Thomas Ott. Bickham M ostyn , E . M . Yorke, Henry It. k7 l4 ncle. Sir T. Napier, Sir Charles k.„_ 8,0 1. Sir De Lacy N ewry , Vi scount mixes. ila. W il liam O'Brien, C. Hume, Joseph - "Ulla; G. W. O'Bi len, J. Ricardo, J. L. MINORITY—NOES, 61. 4 . J • I' . 4rk..... : P. Finch, G. Newdegate, N. 4„.. — .Olt, George Forbes, William O'Brien, A. Stafford Eten. Col one l Trowel), C. H. Packe, C. W. ~Y. J., jun. Gore, Montague Palmer, Robert Ii.„," 8 . George Granby, Marquis of Pigot, Sir B. ug. Thom as G r l m sditch, Thomas lepton, G. W. J. rakerrille, T. Grogan. E. Holiest on, Colonel eteson, T Hall,:Colonel Round. J )4_"-Ilet, P. llamilton, G. A. Ruahout, Captain initinck, Lord G. Harris, Captain Shaw, F. resforg, Major Henley, J. W. Sibtherp, Colonel itri r. ks . Wne, W. s. Hodgson, R. Stuart,J. It — More R, Hotham, Lord Tyrrell, Sir J. T. li toaq woo ,l , H. Houldsworth, T. Verna', Sir W. h iboB , Lord llndson, G. Waddington, H.S. t , , L. W, Inglis. Sir R. Walpole, S. H. Lygon, General Walsh, Sir J. O n t; j * T. ' H. A. Mackenzie, W. F. tt i r °ll Y, Col. Marmara, Lord J. TELLERS. tlia l ien, B. Maxwell, Hon. J. P. Thompson, Aldermanp o L,..115, Sir H. Miles, William Liddell, 11. T. - "ux', W. B. Morgan, 0. I' l' l E WEATHER—THE RAILWAYS. L'he severe frost which prevailed during the night of Mon k„s"'Y and yesterday had the effect of rendering the streets and t l a da more dangerous than on the previous day, with in hcilied difficulty in travelling. The temperature during the d . - '6 l lt was as low as 18 degrees, not ascending higher than 28 3p to at noon, and had receded to 25, or 7 degrees of frost, to eight o'clock bust night. The snow, which had accu illated to a considerable depth on several of the lines of 4 11Ir aYi had the e ff ect of materially retarding most of the _tug, but the obstruction was much greater on the South ztatern and South-W es t ern li nes , on th e f ormer p a rti c ularly, o c ommunication whatev er ( exce pt b y th e e l ec t r i c t e l egra ph ) ing been obtain e d w i t h e i t h er Br i ghton, Dover, D e al, wes, Hastings. or indeed any part lower than what is called t it he Three Bridges, during the day. The snow near this spot, would seem, lies to the dept h of six or seven f eet, and has ryet been cleared. No less than ni ne t een o f the mail L ib's from the above places , both of the morning an d mid mlz'were due, and had not arrived at eighto'clock last night. inle LONDON AND SOUTH-WESTERN Thari.war.—By a l tl(I te received from the Secretary last night , we are informed ee has ascertained that the down tra ins have reached their Er.tination without material delay, and the reports by the .sst tr • am arrived at Nine Elms are that both the up and down as Ste now clear from obstruction. r r ,„ So -EASTERN RAILWAY.—The 3.30 down train yesterday afternoon did not reach Maidston e till 9.ls—above three hours after time, the snow offering such an impediment at the train several times, on the Maidstone branch, came i ° a stand -still. Between Paddock wood and Yalding the b on after Was compelled to wait for the express to assist it , and a after passing Wateringbery the locomotive broke down, ti further delay was caused in detaching it, the train being t o en Propelled by the express engine alone, but was unable e c ,,,_ r each the Maidstone station nearer than i the ticket plat ".--Maidstone Gazette of yesterday. pi:: IN THE Noam.—Since Saturday evening we k ne had a return of winter. On Saturday and Sunday „q at tb.re was a very severe frost, and yesterday a heavy , 4 of snow. The streets are so slippery as to be scarcely las .. able. The snow will be very useful in protecting the lug wheat plant. —Liverpool Times of yesterday. aiGirrox RAILWAY.—This town has been visited during ZUe last two days with one of the severest snow storms tito `no_w . n here for . some years. It commenced on Sunday rnmg, and continued without intermission till late last i'lght. Yesterday a ft ernoon the snow had become so deep as e o i n aVede the passage of the trains. The express train from 11 don, which started at five, P.M., yesterday, was stopped t e '! l ' Balcombe. Part of it was taken back by the six p.m. 4erain+ which came up afterwards to Three-bridges, and pas arirngers got out at these places. In the meantime its non oit:val- and the non-arrival of any other train, beraed much anxiety in Brighton. A great n um _ " workmen were set to work to clear th e e i , and th e tra i n was at l as t f oun d, p ar t a t Th ree -b r i dges „c . Part at Hayward's heath, as stated above, and it rw ed here at half-past four to-day. The Lewes and Haat biZtranch and the Chichester branches have likewise been p ast ed uP ; but the train from Chichester arrived at half twelve this morning. The line to Lewes im so far open C. 7 241 engine has gone through to-day, anti tra ffi c on that er as y resumed in the evening. We are happy that no sc ent has occurred. DELAY ON THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.—The train "Ica 184 Exeter at 1 o'clock in the afternoon of Monday, arid which ought to have arrived at Paddington at half-past eight o'clock in the evening, did not reach the London terminus until two o'clock yesterday morning, upwards of five hours beyond its usual time. The train also which started from Exeter on the same afternoon at a quarter-past three o'clock, instead of reaching Paddington at half-past ten, only arrived Yesterday morning at a few minutes before three o'clock. These delays were occasioned by a heavy fall of snow cover ing the line of rails, to the extent of upwards of five feet be tween Bristol and Keynsham. The engine was detached from thetrain, and sent on with several labourers to clear the line of the snow. Although the distance between these two sta tions is not more than six miles, it was not performed in less than four hours; the whole of that time being occupied in cutting a way through the snow. This having been accom plished, the engine then returned and proceeded onwards with the train and passengers. SOYER'S KITCHEN AND SOUP FOR THE POOR. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—Amongst all the terrestrial afflictions which occa sionally oppress humanity, famine is the most redoubtable; it is deeply to be regretted that at the present time this evil goddess of terror rides victoriously through the greater part of Europe. Need I say that, though the starvation is conti nental, Ireland and Scotland are the greatest sufferers of that awful calamity. Seeing daily in the public press the charitable efforts of thousands of good people, and the in cessant distribution of food (but still the distress on the in crease instead of coming to a close), has induced me to visit several charitable institutions and to taste the soups therein given, with the very best intentions, to the poor, but which I must observe does not answer the purpose it is intended for—having found the majority of makers of these soups completely ignorant of the advantages resulting from the numerous ingredients of which they may be composed, and instead of producing a wholesome and nutritious aliment, has often the contrary effect, particularly to a stomach in a state of starvation. In some of the soup I tasted I have mostly found a great want of proper season ing, which, when added, not only flatters the palate, but restores and strengthen the digestive organs. I also noticed that the rice, split peas, barley, and any substance of that nature were generally underdone, and often the whole contents tasted of burning, and that for want of proper ves sels, and practical knowledge of cooking. Above 20 years' experience and practice in the culinary art, has taught me that it requires more science to produce a good dish at a trifling expense than a superior one with unlimited means, and I shall have no difficulty to prove the truth of the obser vation. I also have seen in several instances great confu sion in the distribution of soups, the same quantity being given to each poor person (or nearly so), without ascertain ing correctly the number of persons in each family. After seriously reflecting upon such important and pressing sub ject, I am happy to inform you, Mr. Editor, that I have con• trived the plan of a kitchen for the making and distribution of soup to the poor, of a very simple construction, by which a thousand gallons, more or less, of excellent and very economical soup may be made in a few hours, at about too or three farthings a quart, which could be fairly, cleanly, and quickly distributed to thousands of people once or twice a day, if required. Ido not mean to choose any particular ingredients, but merely the productions in any counties in the United Kingdom, and if some parts should be entirely deprived of provision the cheapest that could be obtained would do. The simplicity of the plan (as I before observed) consists of only two utensils of some importance, and may be made on any scale, according to localities, and by which from 50 to 1,000 or more applicants could be supplied with food. Those kitchens could be erected temporarily in a public place or a field. Mr. Editor, I am so confident of the success of the undertaking, that I not only offer my humble services gratuitously, by giving the plan and superintending the fitting up of the first kitchen that may be erected, and give publicity to the receipt for making the soup; but, in• dependently of that, I beg to offer 30/. as my subscription towards the immediate erection of these indispensable estab lishments, which would at once relieve efficaciously the greatest number of sufferers. Having just submitted and minutely explained my plan to a scientific friend, he ge nerously offered, in addition to my subscription, 20/., being together 501., which will be deposited in the hands of a cha ritable committee, where a general subscription will be opened. I will do myself the pleasure to forward to you, Mr. Editor, the receipt for making the soup in a wry few days, being now occupied in experiments to bring it to the utmost possible perfection as a valuable and economical nourishment for the necessitous. I am, Sir, most respectfully yours, Reform Club. A. SOY ER. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH, FEB. B.—The Curlew ten-gun brig, or " coffin," as vessels of her class have been very truly called, was towed out to St. Helen's this morning in order that a trial might be made of a new principle of fitting mortars to sea-going vessels, which is an improvement suggested by First-Lieutenant Julius Roberts, of,,the Royal Marine Artil lery, under whose immediate directions and superintendence the trial to-day took place. The weather was extremely un propitious, snow in almost blinding density falling from the time the vessel went out until her return to harbour. As all mortars heretofore tried have been set in one way— viz., a bed of massive work and weight, either of wood or iron, a description of Lieutenant Roberts's plan is necessary as well as interesting. The mortar (a 13-inch, weighing five tons) is suspended be tween two cheeks or brackets by a wrought-iron spindle or bar of nine inches in diameter, being attached to this bar by two wrought-iron sha ft s of five inches diameter to the trunnions, and a short shackle chain under the muzzle, by which the elevation is altered or maintained to forty five degrees. The brackets above-mentioned stand firmly bolted to a circular oak platform thirteen inches thick, having a square hole cut through it, which platform is placed to revolve over a circular hatch or hole on the deck with sufficient bearings for support, and a combing round it, in which two opposite key bolts are allowed to work to prevent the platform rising. The square hole in the platform being immediately over the circular one in the deck, the mortar, by a single six• inch rope passed for the purpose when banked over the bar and hooked to a chock and ring placed into the muzzle, is lowered, muzzle down wards, at a moment's notice, into the hold, and so secured there, bytwhich the enormous weight of five tons is instantly removed from off the upper deck, the same rope as easily re turning it to its mounted position, the muzzle chain being unshackled, or shackled when raised in position for use. By the very simple means of its suspension the shock on firing, by the mortar recoiling to it, is greatly reduced, and a con sequent reduction of strength and weight of deck, supports, and fittings is also effected. The plan of fitting her sup ports is admirably arranged for , lightness and strength, there being eight upright “ struts,' or pillars, where the Scourge and other mortar vessels require from 18 to 22 of these, besides additional beams between every one, and fore and aft beams of enormous strength (from 15 to 18 inches square) connecting the whole, saving thereby, in the fittings of Lieutenant Roberts's mortar, about 20 tons of this mate rial alone, supposing the mortar in both cases to be the same height from the keel. The jumping up of the mortar, as usually fitted, on firing, is almost as destructive to the vessel as its downward shock, and this Was strikingly exem plified in the trials of the mortar fitted to the Scourge steam sloop, where the bolt securing the mortar of the deck beams was forced upwards with its key-belt through an iron plate into the beams, the nut requiring screwing up every time, and the muzzle requiring to be lashed down also every time, to prevent the mortar jumping backwards. By the principle ofLieutenant Roberts's plans, these i evils are entirely removed, the mortar lying harmlessly, and only seeking to return to its inert position on the recoil. The platform traverses on an iron bull-ring, and works most easily with two single tackles. It occupies no more room on deck than the present mortar beds; by being suspended as above described it can be fired to the greatest nicety, the direction of the object fired at being simply taken by two small iron pickets in the line with the axis, instead of that awkward and very uncertain method, when a vessel is in motion, by a plumb line. The mortar tried to-day is fitted on a vessel in no way calculated to stand any concussion, should any have taken place, nor has she had any repair to fit her for it, or even knocking about at Spithead. These many and very important advan tages over the old mortar vessels are embodied in so simple a corciuction as to render Lieutenant Roberts's mortar avail able fur any class of vessels. The following officers and gentlemen were preent at the experiment on board the Curlew to-day :—Lord G. Lennox, Captain Chads, R.N., of the Excellent; Captain Henderson, C. 8., of the Sidon; Commander Gould, of the Victory; Col. Armstrong, Royal Artillery ; Captain Wilfird, Royal Artil lery ; Lieutenant Schomberg, ; Lieutenant Burrows R.X., of the Excellent; and several others, whose names we c4uld not learn. The Curlew left the harbour at 10 .1.31., attended by the Echo tug, and on arriving at St. Helen's the first trial was made with 51b. of powder at 45 degrees, and from the wea ther being very thick (indeed impenetrable) no shell, were fired, but a substitute was made by bags being filled with sand, to prevent any danger in the range; the effect of this could rot be felt in the slightest degree, the recoil of the mortar being only about 4 degrees; a charge of 121 b. of pow der was then tried at an elevation of 35 degrees, to cause the greatest possible rolling effect on the ship, and a bag of sand filling the entire muzzle was then fired off, the effect of which also did not produce the slightest shock or destruction to the vessel in any way, to the admiration and astonishment of all on board. This concluded the experiments of to-day, and from the results thus obtained we cannot but look forward with most sanguine expectations to the perfect success of the objects proposed by the inventor. The arc of recoil on the second charge was about 20 de grees, proving, most satisfactorily, that the effect of the shock would be greatly spent in the recoil of the mortar with a 201 b. charge. The mortar, it is curious to state, on recoiling returns to its inert position instantly, without any after vibrations, a featdre in it we remarked with some sur prise. The above trial, which took place in the presence of our correspondent, although in itself most conclusive as to the merits of the invention, was only preliminary to a committee being appointed to test it, and report on it officially. The Salamander steam-sloop, Captain A. S. Hamond, left Otaheite on the 6th of July last, for Valparaiso, which she made in forty-two days, and left on the Ist of October for Rio, where she anchored on the Bth of December • from Rio she was disp a t c h e d b y C apta i n Broughton, of the Curacoa, 24 (senior officer then at Rio), on the 15th of Dec., for Eng land. She may therefore be hourly expected. p T r h oo e ee A d f e r d ican yee s t t e e t a d el ay -tu t g o , tt l e r. w K re i e n k g of master the c o m T u m F a s nd A i g Sphynx, and embarked the officers and crew of that vessel. She was then compelled by the violent gale and snow g f h r o t. m the southward i o t t o o t t a h k e e h s a h r e h l o t e u r r a this d m a i v n gatto noon,n for s th to e nn ni and put the Sphynx's officers and men on board the Victory, where they will remain until th e tr i al takes place, which ' re port states will be on Thursday or Friday. The Birkenhead,liron steamer, is hourlhyaegxgpaegceteodfhtehree;fsr6otmh the River, with women, children, and R e giment, to be put on board the Belleisle for passage to Gibraltar. The troops are coming by railway. The Dauntless, screw steam-frigate, was undocked to-day, and the two disabled "camels" taken in to be refitted for the next operations on the Sphynx. By the last advices from the West India station, received Yesterday, we learn that Captain Lock had joined the Alarm, 26, superseding Captain Frankland, who came home pas senger in the Southampton packet. The Alarm had returned to Vera Cruz from Tampico, and would join the Admiral after the arrival of the next mail. The Endymion was the senior officer's ship at Jamaica when the packet left. Circulars have been issued calling a private meet ing of the Irish Members on the subject of Lord George Bentinck's measure on the railway grant fur Ireland. Viscountess Palmerston will have a soirée on Satur- day next. Mr. R. Peel, eldest son of Sir Robert Peel, has re turned to Switzerland from a tour in Italy, and has been ap pointed Chargé d'Affaires at Berne, in the a!)solce of Mr. Morier, the British Minister resident thet v. 'We are requested to state that the account Of the illness of Sir John Gladstone, inset - N.(l in The Sun, is greatly exaggerated. Sir John has been unwell, but by the last ac counts hut nearly recovered. PETITIONS ON PRIVATE BILLS. lIOUSE OF COMMONS. (Room 22, before Mr. Examiner SMITH.) UNOPPOSED LIST. In the following unopposed cases the customary formal proofs were completed : Eastern Counties (Peterborough to Folkingham). Eastern Counties (Spalding to Newark). Eastern Counties ( Wisbeach to Spalding). Eastern Counties (Ilford to Tilbury Fort, &c). CORN WALL AND DEVON. The remaining points in this case were deferred. NEWMARKET AND CHESTERFORD EXTENSION. This opposed case was then gone through. It was found that the standing orders had not been complied with in one or two unimportant instances. (Room 23.) UNOPPOSED LIST. In the following unopposed case, the customary formal proofs were complied with Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne Junc tion, &c. Boston, Stamford, and Birmingham Railway (Peterborough and Thorney line). OPPOSED LIST. THE CALEDONIAN CASES. In these cases the standing orders had been complied with, except in deference to the Wishaw and Coitness, in which some inaccuracies were found to exist in the gradients. CALEDONIAN (EDINBURGH STATION), AND BRANCH TO LESMAHAGOW. This opposed case occupied the rest of the day. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, Feb. 9. (Before Mr. Justice ERLE and a Special Jury.) STEALING A BODY AND CREATLNG A RIOT.-THE QUEEN V. HAYNES AND OTHERS. This extraordinary case, which has been postponed from time to titne, at length came on for trial this morning, at the sitting of the Court. . _ _ _ It was an indictment charging the defendants, Mr. Joseph Bailie Haynes, Mr. N. Haynes, Thomas Haynes Smith, Edward Haynes, and persons named Cole, Phillipps, Groves, Cullum, Sog, Porter, and others, with stealing the body of the late Mc Joseph Haynes, a gentleman of considerable property, who at the time of his death resided at Edgeware, and with creating a riot whilst forcibly carrying the body away. - The Attorney .General, Mr. M. Chambors, and Mr. Clark• son were for the prosecution ; and Sir F. Thesiger and Mr. Cockburn for the defendants. It appeared from the opening of the Attorney-General, and from the statements of the witnesses for the prosecution—which will be better understood in the form of a narrative than as disjointed pieces of evidence—that Mr. Haines died suddenly on Friday, the 19th of December, 1845, and that arrangement had been made by his executors, Mr. Barton and Mr. Slater, for his interment on the 28th of the same month. His body, after having undergone a post-mortem examination, was placed in a coffin in the usual way. He had been estranged from his family for some years, and the only inmates of his dwelling, besides the domestics, were two ladies named Huggins, the youngest of whom was 18, and the eldest '2B, whom he used to say, were his neices, but it appeared that they were not related to him. By his will he left his son, the first-named defendant, about 1001. a year, and the reversionary interest of some property for himself and his children. The other persons named Haynes were related to the family. Haynes Smith was an illegitimate son of the deceased. He left the eldest Miss Huggins 500/. a year, and two houses for her lifetime. On Saturday, the 27th of De cember, the first-named defendant obtained the key of theroom in which the body was deposited tif`,. the purpose, as he stated, of seeing Pis father for the last time. His two little boys were with him. Several persons came at the same lime, according to their statement, for a similar purpose, and they were brought up in couple: until the room contained as many as fourteen. He tried to induce Mrs. Halcorn, the person who accompanied the party at the request of Miss Huggins, to leave the room ; but she would not, as she had received no direction. He excused the staying of the party by saying that they were waiting for a lady named Davies. Immediately after the servant announced that the coffin had arrived, ani Mrs. Halcorn requested them to leave, as Mr. Burton had given directions that as soon as the coffin came it should be soldered up. The coffin, however, was not the one expected. The defendant then went to the door, and after opening it said to a person outside, who, it appeared, was William Haynes, " You, from the High Court of Chau cery—l conimand you to do your duty." Mrs. Holcroft said he was not an t,fficer of that Court, and mentioned his name. The party, however, who had been joined by others from the street, proceeded to lift up the corpse ; she ran out of the room, and informed Miss Iluggins of the proceedings, who came out of her room in her dressing-gown, but by that time the body had been covered with a black cloth, and strapped to a black board resembling a coffin lid. Mrs. Ilolcora begged them to desist, and characterised the proceeding as a mock funeral. The windows were thrown up and assistance called for. The feet of the body were thrust against her, and the servant was knocked down and injured. They did all they could to resist the removal of the body, and haiiiips (who was the driver of the hearse—for a hearse and two mourning coaches had been brought to the door), exclaimed, " If they will not let the body come down throw the b— over the banis ters" (meaning Watkins). The Misses Huggins clung to the feet of the body, and, in consequence, considerable disturb ance was created, and a man, oamed Hawkins, who also resisted, was nearly thrown over the banisters. Mr. and Mrs. Hale (the niece of the deceased) and their two sons, who were staying in the house, and several persons be longing to the town, also endeavoured to prevent the body from being brought down stairs. Mr. Haynes himself ex claimed "Throw the body over." They at length succeeded in their object, and took the body into the parlour. Very horrible and disgusting language was used. The coffin, which had contained the deceased, with the mattrass and shroud, which were stained with blood, were placed across the door of Miss Huggins's room, so that access could not be obtained without stepping over it. The magistrate, Mr. Williams, who was consulted by the defendant on the sub ject, declined to interfere, and ultimately the body was re moved and buried at Kennington. They returned in the evening, and stopped in the house till twelve that night, drinking and making a great noise. It appeared that the defendant had bees in the house for some days before the occurrence. These were the material facts in support of the prosecution, and were testified to by a great number of witnesses. It was elicited from some of them that the defendant claimed the body of his father as his heir, and in accordance with a wish, which he had expressed to him in a letter, to be buried near the grave of a child at Kennington. In his will, however, the deceased expressed his wish to be buried at Edgware. The case for the prosecution having been closed, Sir FREDERICK Esionn then proceeded to address the jury on behalf of the defendants. He submitted that the object of those who had instituted the prosecution was not so mu'h to promote public justice as to prevent the de fendant from continuing the suits which he had instituted in the Court of Chancery and in the Ecclesiastical Courts, for the proper investigation of his father's affairs, and the resti tution of his own rights. It appeared that the unfortunate deceased had formerly been the inmate of a lunatic asylum, that he had conducted himself so strangely as to have estranged his family from him, and during the later period of his life to have admitted into his house strangers who had obtained so much influence over him as to have induced him to have left the bulk of his pro. perty to them—Miss Huggins nearly 800/. a year, Mr. Burton, the prosecutor, 500/., and his own son, the defendant, but 100/. a year. They had arrayed themselves against the family of the deceased for the purpose of keeping all the de ceased's property in their hands. Executors had only to deal with personal property, and as the house at Edgeware was freehold, and, moreover, as he repudiated the competency of his father's testamentary acts, owing to his lamentable condition, he had a perfect right to take possession of the house at his death, and to take possession of his body for the purpose of sepulture. Then there could be no doubt that the defendant wished to remove the body down stairs for the purpose of having it placed in a coffin in the parlour; and that they were quietly proceeding to perform this task, when the interference took place, and the noise and confusion arose in conseqnence of that interference. The body was com pletely covered, and preparations had been made to inter it in a proper manner, so that the allegation of indecency could not be maintained. After some further observations, he concluded by confidently trusting that the jur' would acquit the whole of the defendants. The jury acquitted all the defendants. COURT OF EXCIIEQUER.—Feb. 9. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDN SDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 10, 1847. HEWETT V. TURNER. This was an action in which the plaintiff, who was the secre tary to the Tring and Reigate Railway Company, sought to recover of the defendant, Mr. Turner, M.P., a sum of money alleged to be due to him for services rendered to the railway in question, the defendant being at the time the debt was contracted a member of the provisional committee. Mr. llumfrey and Mr. T. Saunders were counsel for the plaintiff: Mr. Martin and Mr. Pearson for the defendant. It appeared that the managers of this company came to a resolution to wind up the affairs of the company, and for this purpose it was agreed amongst themselves that each party should subserib.: a sum of 1751. towards a fund, to be placed at the disposal of a committee for the purpose of li quidating the outstanding claims upon the committee. The defendant, however, did not pay his share of the liquidation fund until some time after the resolutions were passed. Two actions had been brought against the defendant, of which:the present was one, the other being set down for trial at the Guildford assizes in the last term. A few days before the day appointed for the hearing of the cause the defendant made an arrangement by which, upon payment of his pro portionate share of the fund agreed upon among the di rectors, the action was to be stayed. The defendant now pleaded• that the arrangement made upon payment by him of the sum of 1751. was in satisfac tion of the present as well as the former action. It appear ing, however, from the evidence of the solicitor to 'the com pany, and several other witnesses, that it was only the pro ceedings upon the first action that were to be stayed, the jary,,after a short consultation, returned a verdict for the plain - tiff for the amount claimed. WILLINGTON v. GOURNAY. This was an action brought for the purpose of recovering compensation in damages for a libel uttered by the defendant in a letter, which was calculated seriously to affect the character of the plaintiff. Sir F. Tliesiger appeared to conduct the case on behalf of the plaintiff, Mr. Martin for the defendant. The plaintiff was, it appeared, a surgeon, residing at Twickenham, who had recently established himself in that town. The defendant, who had previously been an intimate friend of the plaintiff, was also a member of the medical profession, carrying on business at Madeley in Shropshire. The action arose out of the following circumstances:—The defendant addressed a letter to a Mr. Lichfield, a surgeon of considerable practice in the same town as the plaintiff, re questing to be informed whether the plaintiff was then him, residing being in that perfectto wn, a s d t r d a i n n g g e , r a t s o a h reason at t for h e h p i s i a troubling s indebted to him in a considerable sum of money, which he had advanced to him when at Warwick, and that since the time of the plaintiff leaving that town, he (the defendant) had not been able to hear anything as to his whereabouts. The letter concluded by stating that any communication on the subject addressed to him, would be considered, as he wished his own letter to be considered, as strictly confiden tial. Upon the receipt of this letter, Mr. Lichfield showed its contents to several persons in Twickenham, which coming to the knowledge of the plaintiff, a writ was served at the suit of the plaintiff upon Lichfield, who subsequently de livered up the letters of the defendant, and further proceed ings in the suit were stayed, and the present action was brought against the defendant, as the writer of the letter in questi.m and the originator of the libel. Mr. AlawriN, on the part of the defendant, contended that there was nothingtion was libellousentirelyprivileged contentsand confidential, of te letter, that communication and the sole object the defendant had in writing was to ob taM information of the residence of the plaintiff. The Loat) Ciller BARON, in summing up, deprecated the practice of layi ng act i ons f or lib e l s simpy because a ground of actit-m. existed. It would be for the jury, however, to consider whether the letter was perfectly bond Me; if so, the verdict must be for the defendant; if. however, they thought that the defendant wished to Injure the character of the plaintiff, then their yudict would be for the plaintiff. The jury, after a short consultation, returned a verdict for the defendant. COURT OF COMM ON PLEAS, Feb. 9. (Before Lord Chief Justice WILDE and a Special Jury.) THE LEEDS, FLEETWOOD, AND LIVERPOOL RAILWAY. GRIFFIN AND ANOTHER V. BEVERLEY AND ANOTHER. This was an action brought by Messrs. Griffin and Taunton, acting engineers of the " Leeds, Fleetwood, and Liverpool Railway, ' one of the schemes of last year, to recover for work and labour done, in preparing the plans and specifications of the line, preparatory to an application to Parliament. The defendants were sued as members of the provisional committee of management. Mr. Sergeant Channell and Mr. Parry were for the plaintiffs; Mr. Sergeant Byles and Mr. Bramwell for the defence. The sum sought to be recovered was about 2,4007., to which the defendants pleaded not indebted. From the evidence adduced for the plaintiffs it appeared that the company was projected in the autumn of 1845 by Mr. Montague, an engineer, who subsequently nominated Mr. Alexander B. Blacki e as secretary, and Mr. H. Reginald Hill, solicitor. On the Bth of October the managing com mittee were appointed, and at the same time a long list of provisional directors was published, containing the names of Lord George Bentinck, and other well-known noblemen and gentlemen. In the pablished list of the committee of man agement appeared the names of Mr. B. Baldwin, M.P., as chairman; John Anderson, vice-chairman; and the two defendants, Mr. Robert Beverley, and Mr. John Jackson, of Leeds, as members. The names of the plaintiffs also were attached to the prospectuses and advertisements as the act ing engineers. In the early part of 1846 the scheme was altogether abandoned. Several witnesses were called to prove that the defendants had consented to be placed on the committee of manage ment. The evidence, however, was not at all conclusive, as it did not appear that they had attended any of the meetings of the the board, at which the preliminary measures for forwarding the scheme were taken ; and with regard to Mr. Jackson, there was no evidence that he had given his consent to be a member. This assent was endeavoured to be proved by the fact that the defendant had received several newspapers with his name announced as a member of the committee, and had not dissented to the same. Mr. Sergeant BYLES submitted that there was no case for the jury, more especially as it regarded the defendant Jackson. Mr. Sergeant CHANNELL replied. His LORDSHIP, after reviewing the case at some length, decided that there was not sufficient evidence adduced to establish the liability of the defendants. Mr. Sergeant CHANNELL tendered a bill of exception, and, in order to admit of its acceptance by the Court, a verdict was taken for the defendants. ERIC NORTH-WESTERN TRUNK RAILWAY.-BARKER _ V. LYNDON. _ This was an action brought by Mr. C. Barker, the aflver.. tising agent, to recover for work and labour done in adver tising the prospectus of a certain scheme called " The North- Western Railway Trunk Company," of which the defendant was a provisional director. The latter is a hardware manu facturer, residing at Birmingham. Mr. Cockburn and Mr. James appeared for the plaintiffs, Mr. Sergeant Byles and Mr. Keau for the defendants. Mr. COCKBURN opened the case on behalf of the plaintiff. He stated this schema was projected in September, 1845, by a person of the name of Mr. Brown, the friend of Mr. Gar bett, a solicitor, residing at Wellington, in Shropshire, who was also connected with the Shropshire Mineral line. It appeared that in the begining of October Mr. Gar bett and Mr. Bull were coming up to London to arrange to attend a meeting of the provisional directors, and they hap pened to meet the defendant in the railway carriage. This was the time when visions of premiums floated in the minds of many, and a conversation having started between the parties, it ended in the defendant consenting to become a provisional director. Immediately after this a revised prospectus was issued, in a proof of which his name appeared incorrectly, and which he caused to be corrected. Subse quently he consented to take 150 shares, in virtue of being a director, but the panic taking place, the shares were not issued. Eventually an arrangement was made to give up the line, and to meet the expenses gone to. The defendant, as one of the directors, was written to, to contribute his share of the expense, when he returned an answer to the effect that he had never given his sanction to be a provisional director, and would have nothing whatever to do with the matter. Under these circumstances the plaintiff having gone to considerable expense in advertising the scheme, and not being paid his account, he selected the defendant as a solvent person, from whom he could recover. The Learned Gentleman then pro ceeded to call his witnesses. _ _ _ Mr. Edmund Garbett, of Wellington, was called, and de posed that in 1845, he was engaged as solicitor in several railway transactions. Among others, he was joint-so licitor to the North . Western Trunk Railway. He recollected in October having met the defendant in company with Mr. Bull, at the Birmingham station. They all travelled in the same carriage. and the conversation turned on this railway. Mr. Bull said he was going to attend a meeting of the directors in London. In the course of their conversation Mr. Bull said " Garbett, you may as well put the name of Walter Lyndon in the list of directors." The defendant said if Mr. Bull was in the company he had no objection to joining the company. Witness bad a prospectus onihim, a number of copies of which had been struck off, and he wrote Mr. Lyndon's name down on it. He believed the defendant promised to attend the meeting next day, but he did not. A Mr. Wylie was also present, who likewise consented to become a provisional di rector. In pursuance of this, steps were taken by the witness to have the names inserted in the prospectus. The defendant asked when his name would appear, and witness replied that it would appear the'next morning in the London newspapers, and in the country ones the week following. The shares of the company had never been allotted ; they were obliged to fall back on those who had agreed to act as directors of the company. The witness further deposed that the defendant had sent a letter, stating his intention to take 150 shares if allotted to him, but that when the affairs of the company got unsatis factory he had sent another letter, denying he had ever con sented to be one of the provisional directors. The cross-examination of the witness did not illicit any material point. James Stevens, the secretary of the company, proved that he had ordered the prospectuses of the company to be adver tised through Mr. Charles Barker. He gave the orders ge nerally in writing. He was in the habit of causing sum monses and notices to the directors to be issued, and among o f others namesa l r w . a Lyndon smede u was f severalrom the timespri nt e d w p r i r t e t s e p n ec t t o u . s . The written orders, authorising the insertion of the advertisements of the scheme, were then put in, signed "I- Stephens." The list Mr. Stephens, under examination, admitted the orders put in to be in his handwriting, for which he quoted the resolu tions passed at the first meeting of the provisional com mittee, on the 6th October, 1845, as his general authority, for the insertion of the advertisements, requesting all things necessary for the advancement of the scheme to be done. At a meeting of the 11th of October, 1845, the name of the defendant, along with twenty-nine others, was added to the list on the prospectus, by a resolution of the managing committee, in the absence of the defendant. The witness said he had a general authority to see that the matter was properly advertised,'except on one occasion, when he was or dered to advertise as little in the Times as possible, on ac • count of the opposition which that journal had evinced against railways. Mr. Sergeant BYLES said, the books produced by this wit ness had come upon him by surprise, and he was not prepared to go on with the case until he had an opportunity of examining them. The case was therefore postponed till to-morrow morning when Mr. Sergeant Byles will proceed with the cross-exami nation of Mr. Stephens. BAIL COURT, Feb. 9. (Sit tings in Banco before Lord Chief Justice DEntAN.) ANDREWS V. LORD LYNDHURST. In this case, Mr. Andrews, formerly a prisoner i n the Queen's Bench, moved for a rule to show cause why Lord Lyndhurst should not pay over a fine of 5001. for refusing to grant a writ of habeas corpus while in possession of the [,Teat seal. The penalty was sought to b e enforced un d er an old Act of Parliament. The defendant had entered a demurrer. Lord DIwMAN observed, that it would not be necessary for Mr. Cowling, on the part of the defendant, to make any observations, as the Court had already come to a decision pn the matter. In the opinion of the Court, the penalty could only be recovered in the e ven t o f t h e Ch ance ll o r refusing grant a writ of habeas corpus in a case of felony or treason; it did not apply to th e case o f a pr i soner con fined for debt. The demurrer put in by the defendant would, therefore, be con , idered valid by the Court. The effect of this decision is literally a judgment altogether in favour of Lord Lyndhurst. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. CHESTER CUP. The actual acceptances for the above event are 107, 3 fY Mary and Smuggler Bill having been left in by an over sight. NEW QUEEN'S PLATE ARTICLES. The following rules have just been issued for the future i observance of owners and riders of all such horses as shall run for her Majesty's Plates:— for any of I. Every horse, mare, or gelding that runneth the said plates shall carry the weight and run the distance appointed in the schedule hereunto anne.xed. or geldin 11. Every person that putteth in a horse, mare , g for any of the said plates, shall enter the same with the name scription of the horse, according of the owner, and the age, name, pedigree. or sufficient de to the rule of the Jockey Club regarding nominations, at the time and place appointed by the steward or stewards of the races at which such plate is to be run for. 111. Horses that run for any of her Majesty's plates shall start at the time appointed by the steward or stewards of the races at which such plate is run for. IV. Each horse's, mare's, or gelding's place as he or they come by the ending •post shall be determined b y the j ud ge appointed by the steward or ste wards of the races at the p l ace where the said plate is run for. V. Every rider shall, immedi atel y after each heat b e run, be obliged to come to the usu al p lace of weighin g wit h his horse, mare, or gelding, then an d there to alight, and not be fore, and there to weigh to the satisfaction of the person sp.. pointed for that purpose. VI. And in case of neglect or refusal thereof, su ch owners and riders shall be immediately de clared inca p ab le of running o h r er r e i a d f i t n e g n any more for this or a n y of her Majesty's plates VII. Every horse, mare, or gel din g , that r unneth on the wrong side of the post or flags, or is distanced in ally of the huts,run s i h n a b ll ea h t a s v , e t n be osbheariee, ofmtharees, or gelding th at winnethaid plates, no r b e suffered to run any more . VIII. When any o f her Majesty's plates are appointed t o be any two heats winneth the plate, but if three several horses, mares, or geldin gs w i n eac h of them a heat, then those three and only th e y t o run a f our th heat, and the horse, mare gelding that winn e th th e fourth heat shall have the plate or IX. Whe n th e age or qua lification of a horse entered* for any of her Majesty's Plates shall be objected to, either before or after running, the stewards of the races at which plate is run for shall have the power to order an examination'such of the horse's mouth by competent persons, and to call such evidence as they may require, and their decisionfor all be final unless they shall think fit to refer the m shall stewards of the Jockey Club for the time being, in matter to the the decision of the said stewards of the Jockey in which case final. A certificate shall not be granted to any hors e YClub shall be to until the question of his qualification shall objected the manner herein prescribed. be decided in X. And in case any difference shall arise i n, or respecting any matters not hereinbefore provid i _!d ru -n--in- '' the interpretation of these her Majesty's or a for, or as to shall be determined by the Master of the Horse)erA, the same person or persons as he shall appoint. or by such CAUTION TO TRADESMEN.-011 Saturday list, the 6th instant, a gentleman, in appearance, called at Mr. Ed munds's shop, in Lowndes-street, Bel grave-square, and ordered a pair of gloves, and two satin scarfs, value 355. The gloves (value 25.) he took with him, and ordered the scarfs to be sent to 49, Belgrave-square, and all should be paid for; but on taking them as directed no such person re sided there. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, Feb. 9. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat upon the Wool sack at Five o'clock. The Earl of STRADBROKE presented several peti tions against the Poor Removal Bill. CHELSEA PENSIONER'S BILL. This Bill went through Committee. PAROCHIAL FUNDS. Lord STANLEY said, he wished to present to their Lordships a petition of a somewhat novel character, though_ it was of no small importance, particularly as affecting the spiritual interests of the country, but more especially that part of it which constituted the great and important town of Manchester. It was the petition of the churchwardens of the parish of -Manchester, who were elected annually by the whole of the parishioners, numbering upwards of 400,000 persons. The petitioners complained that the parochial funds, amounting to upwards of 5,0001. a year, were received by the dean and wardens of the Collegiate Church of Manchester, although these functionaries did not perform the duties of rectors of the parish, or had in any way the care of the souls of the parish, and were in point of fact non-residents of the district. It was a case which, to use the language of the peti tioners, was likely to reflect great discredit and scandal upon the Church. The town of Manchester was origi nally a rectory, founded in the year 1251, of the annual value of 531. 6s. Bd. It continued so until the year 1451, when a collegiate church was founded, the parish having grown to so large an ex • tent, and the funds of the existing rectory were appropriated by the church of the parishioners to the support of the new collegiate church, and by a charter granted in the 9th year of the reign of Henry V. At that period the funds amounted to 250 marks a year. Even at that time great complaints were made of the ap propriation of the funds by non-resident rectors; the same cause of complaint remained unchecked for many years. After the foundation of the college, and during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, another charter was passed for the regulation and the enforcement of rectoral residences. In the reign of Charles I. a third charter was passed for the same object, which charter remained in force at the present period. It was expressly provided in the charter that the rectors receiving the funds of the college should be perpetua residere et victitare, the peti tioners in their petition had set forth the words of the charter as perpetua residere et visitare—tbeir Lordships would see that the original words had even more force than the words used by the petitioners. Under such a charter, therefore, it would be easily seen how well founded were the complaints of the petitioners. At the time when the charter was granted the salary for the warden was 751. per year, and of each of the fellows 35/, while at present the revenues amounted to 6,000/. Now, with all respect to the Dean and Chapter of Manchester, he could not understand how, in the face of the provisions of the original charter, any body of men, with conscientious feelings and religious convictions, and he believed the Dean tied Chapter were so influenced that they could satisfy their consciences to receive 6,0001., the amount of the rectorial revenues of that parish, and leave the population, consisting of 400,000 individuals, without spiritual provision, except what was afforded by the district churches. When this provision was originally made the popu lation of Manchester was not more than 20,000 per sons, and it was now 400,000. Then, besides the col legiate church, there were nine other chapels of ease where service was performed; at present there were forty-nine district churches, besides separate endowments, and the clergy of these churches were paid by fees, one portion of which went to the district churches, and the other to the mother church. The rectorial tithes then were received by the Dean and Chapter, and he.thought it a matter of surprise that while the revenues were claimed the cor responding duties of visitation and care of s.ails were not discharged, and that exemption was sought from residence, and the other duties connected with the spiritual care of the people. One point appeared to him strange—that while discretion was given to the dean and fellows to augment the salary of the rector, 171. 10s. was the only salary allowed him out of the rectorial revenues, although the whole duty, which wars so much increased, had devolved upon him. The Dean and Chapter contend that under the statute they are exempt from the rates; that they have no cure of souls; that they fulfil the obligation of the duties by being mulct Is. 4d. a day in the case of their absei.ce, and chat they are not bound to perform any other spiritual duties. He thought their Lordships would concur wi h him that such a course of procedure was unwarranted in law, and that the case was one which deserved their most serious attention. Ile could not understand why the dean and canons, whilst they performed the colle giate services in the collegiate church, and received the usual remuneration, forgot that that church was the parochial one ; and why they were to make use of their corporate character to deprive the population of the spiritual ad vantage to which they considered they were entitled, in consequence of the 5,0001. paid to them for that purpose. They prayed their Lordship , :, before the establishment of the see, to ascertain that there was ample security for the application of the whole rectoral income to the efficient ecclesiastical superintendence of the parish of Manchester. Lord BROUGHAM said the Noble Lord had stated a very ordinary case. The right to receive the funds, of course, depended upon the legal construction of the charter, and the evil complained of could only be re medied by some legislative enactment. The Marquis of LANSDOW.NE would not offer any opinion further upon the 'construction or the in tention of the charter, but the petition- having become known in Manchester, the Dean and Chapter had for warded to him a letter upon the subject, which the Dean wished to have read to the House. (The Noble Marquis then read the letter.) It stated that the writer simply enjoyed the rights possessed by his predecessors, but still he had never made any claim to them. It was decided by the legal tribunals that the privileges were attached to his office. Neither he nor the canons had an y authority to visit in the parish. The canons - had even exceeded their duty in their endeavours to improve the moral an spiritual education of the p e ople. He could only say, with re f erence to t h e wr it e - eO , that letter, that no person had contributed more than be had to the advance of the great cause of education. He regretted the absence of the reverend prelate of the diocese, who, in consequence of indisposie tion, was unable to attend, or to afford any i n f ormat i on to their Lordships upon the subject. Lord BROUGH AM quite concurred in the opinion expressed by the Noble Marquis upon th e t a l ents and a bilities of t he writer of th a t letter, his respect e d an d reverend vi H er bert. Lord Rev. W . cOTTENHAM would not enter into the ques tion whether the duties enjoined by the charter were performed or not, because there was no information on that subject. The statements made with regard to this b a d been very contradictory. The charter said that peculiar duties were to be discharged ; but if these du ties were performed, there did not appear to be constant residence enjoined. If they omitted to do their duty, there was in this respect, he apprehended no distinction between them and the other large corporations of this country. In Henry the Eighth's time, when monaste ries and religious houses were dissolved, the rectories which formed a part of them fell to the ground, and be came the property of private individuals. Others of them temained ecclesiastical corporations, and were in appropriate rectories to the present time. In the neigh bourhood where he lived there were foul contiguous parishes, the duties of which were discharged by a Dean and Chapter. The revenues of each of these parishes amounted to na less than 8001. a year, while the salary of the clergyman, who did the spiritual duty, was only 401. He was eot able to say what was the amount of the revenues of the other parishes ; but they were, no doubt, in the same proportion. The law gave the Dean and Chapter that discretion, for it presumed they would b e so disposed to superintend the spiritual instruction of the people as to render any cognizance of the law un necessary. They had the law on their side, and from the hest judgment he could form on the matter they were as well entitled to the tithes and rectorial revenues as their Lordships were to their estates. Lord CAMPBELL wished to make a single observa tion. There was a difference between what was called appropriate tithes which were held, as lawyers called it, in lay fee, and ecclesiastical property to which duties were annexed. He differed with his Noble Friend with regard to the point of residence. These duties as: en joined by the old charters made residence necessary, and there was a penalty annexed if the duty so enjoined was not observed. Now, that penalty supposed a duty to be performed, the non-observance of which was visited with the penalty. Now, it appeared to him from the lucid statement of the Noble Lord who introduced the subject, thata duty was imposed an d t h at i t s h ou ld be perfor me d. Wo blame, however, should be attached he believed to the parties involved in the petition, to whom the cause of religion and education was so much indebted. Lord COTTENHAM disclaimed expressing any opinion as to whether the duties were performed or not. He expressly- avoided making any reference to that. His observations were confined to the property in a legal point of view. Lord STANLEY would not presume to deal with the legal question, but he could not help urging upon their Lordships that 3 and 4 Will. IV., c. 113, rated pro perty, like that in question, as rectorial property. What he wished to urge upon their Lordships was, whether the requirements of the charter were satisfied, and whether they acted the part of good citizens, by the way in which they performed their duties. It was for their Lordships and the country to consider whether this was a state of the law which ought to be ccnsidered incapable of a remedy. Were the inhabitants of Man chester, and other populous places, who had levied upon them 5,000/. or 6,0001. a year for the purposes of spiritual instruction, to be deprived of that spiritual' instruction, and to see the funds placed in the hands of persons who did not recognise any corresponding claim upon them, but to expend them as they thought proper, and where they thought proper, without fulfilling the duties for which the funds were raised, and to see them liable, in addition, to have them taken up by the ecclesiastical commissioners, and diverted from rectorial to chapter purposes. They were anxious to see the matter properly arranged before the final establishment of the see. They said the fucds were rectorial funds, and that they were improperly applied. Ile was sur prised that they should avail themselves of a technicality in the charter to evade the proper performance of their duties. Lord BROUGIIA M said that he had seen in the blue book two letters, which complained that Captain Wynne, one of the superintendents of the relief rate, had im posed upon its funds two persons who were in the clear receipt of 601 a-year each, as well as several other per sons who were in easy circumstances. He had heard from private sources, from persons who were interested neither one way or the other in the matter, and who only know Captain Wynne in his public capacity, the highest testimonies to his private character. That might be all very true ; but they had only wi th that deal that Gallant O ffi cer as a public man , and - it was neces so,ry that the country should have some certain know ledge of the way in which this money was applied. Tne Marquis of LANSDOWNE perfectly agreed in the supposition that there ought to be every care for the proper application of the money under the Labour rate Act,' but this much he could say that no set of men could have discharged their duties better than the superintendents under the .Labour rate Act, and he could affirm, from the infOrmatiOn trans mitted to her Majesty's Government, that Cap tain Wynne had discharged his duties with great diligence, fidelity, and discretion. That of ficer had evinced the greatest courage in the discharge of his duties, and far from being instrumental in imposing persons on the rate who were not entitled to it, he had absolutely removed more than eleven hundred persons from the rate whOrn he thought ineligible for the relief. Lord MONTEAGLE could bear ample testimony to the ability and zeal with which the superintendants had discharged their difficult, arduous, and trying duties. He could, from his own knowledge speak as to the way in which a great number of gentlemen hail endeavoured to carry out the wishes of their superiors. and if they had in any one instance been mistaken in their judgment, they were not to be blamed. It might be that Captain Wynne had been mistaken in his views, but even if that were so, yet, unless he had been guilty of wilful negli gence, in imposing persons on the rate, without ascer taining from his personal knowledge whether they were entitled or not to the relief, he ought to be exonerated from all blame. Lord BROUGHAM thought the evidence ought to be produced upon which the report was made. Probably Captain Wynne was right after all. The subject then dropped, The Earl of EGLINTON presented a petition from the distillers of Scotland, against the reduction of the duty on rum. By the Bill now before Parliament, rum could be introduced into this country at a less duty than Scotch spirits. The Earl of CLARENDON said the petitioners had waited upon him, and his Right Hon. Friend the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, and he must confess that they did not make out any case why they should have addi tional protection. Lord MONTEAGLE said he had a petition from Ire land of precisely the same effect as the one which had just been presented. The case of Ireland, however, was harder than that of Scotland, for Ireland had no draw back, where Scotland had. After a few wordi from Lord 5T1147 - LEY - and Earl GREY, the subject dropped. Their Lordships then adjourned. ROUSE OF COMMONS, Feb. 9. The SPEAKER took the Chair at Four o'clock. REGENT'S CANAL COMPANY (PADDINGTON AND LIMEHOUSE RAILWAY AND BRANCH). Sir WILLIAM CLAY moved the second reading of this Bill. Mr. WARBURTON said the present Bill was under the consideration of the Woods and Forests, and he thought the opponents of the Bill were entitled to ask, before it was read a second time, what was the decision of the Commissioners upon it,-was it to be sanctioned by the Crown, or must the opponents come up and resist the Bill at an enormous expense ? If the Crown refused to sanction the measure there would be no necessity to oppose the Bill ; and he should, there . - fore, be glad to hear from the Noble Lord at the head of the Woods and Forests what he intended to do in the matter. The Crown had conceded certain rights to Mr. Greenhaugh, who had built a villa in the Regent's park, at an expense o f 20,00 0 1., un d er t h e pro tection of the Government, who covenanted that this property should not be interfered with, without his consent, and therefore if the Crown sanctioned this scheme it would commit a direct breach of good faith.— (Hear, hear.) Mr. Greenhaugh's villa would he within thirty feet of the railway, and es that gentleman had invested his money, relying on the honour of the Crown, he should propose that the second reading of the Bill should be postponed until such time as the Woods and Forests came to a ckcision upon the subject. Lord MORPETH said a matter of good faith between a subject and the Crown ought not to be trifled with. He had received many deputations, both of the sup porters and the opponents of the Bill, and although he might not have said anything upon the second reading, he certainly should have asked for a postponement of the committal of the Bill till the Government had had an opportunity of col,sulting their engineers and law advisers on the subject. Sir B. HALL moved that the Bill be read a second time that day six months. Colonel SIBTHUILP supported the motion of the Hon. Member for Marylebone. This was another at tempted inroad upon private property by speculators, and he would oppose it to the utmost. It was his duty, and he hoped he should always fearlessly perform his duty, to raise his humble voice against all aggression upon private property. He would always oppose what he considered an unjust interference with the rights of British subjects. It was all very well to say that it was for the public good—no such thing. It was nothing more than aggrandisement that was sought by a gang of specu lators, to encourage the grossest kind of gambling. This country was once called " the land of freedom," but if the Government went on in this manner, encouraging these speculators, the country would be nothing more nor less than a land of oppression and tyranny. Sir W. CLAY thought the better course would be to allow the Bill to be read a second time, and reserve any future proceedings upon the Bill until the Government had had the opportunity of consulting with the authori ties and their legal advisers upon the subject of the rela tions existing between the Crown and the tenants. Mr. HUME thought the House should be decided by the speech of the Noble Lord connected with the Woods and Forests. He apprehended the railroad could not be legally made through the park, and he hoped that ample time would be given for the further consideration of the Bill. Mr. WILLIAMS said that the parties opposed to the Bill were the ground tenants and the public at large. These tenants apprehended that they were justly entitled to► the quiet possession of the park, and that they were entitled to the protection of the Crown ; for if this were not afforded the greatest apprehension would be ex cited among all Crown tenants. The company was a pure speculative affair, and the House should not coun tenance it in inflicting an injury on the tenant of the Crown. The Regent's Park was one of the principal lungs of the metropolis ; but if they made a railway on the banks of the canal the most favourite parts would be deserted. That part of the park was now frequented by carriages, and ladies and gentlemen on hone back, but they could not then frequent it, owing to the danger to which their lives would be exposed, in con sequence of the horses taking fright at the noise of the engines. Sir C. NAPIER said the Hon. Gentleman had stated the objections to the Bill so fully and so ably, that it would be unnecessary for him to say anything on that subject. He had had the honour that day to be a member of a deputation which had waited upon the First Commissioner of the Woods and Forests upon the subject. The Noble Lord showed them a plan of the railway, which he (Sir C. Napier) admitted was certainly very beautifully drawn, but it struck him very forcibly that the canal was to be sunk considerably, and the parts round it considerably raised, and that the towing path was only to be raised one foot above the canal,. whereas, in the original plan, the height of the path was to be six feet abcive the canal. The gentleman mentioned was not the only one who lied complained. He wanted to know how long it would take to train all the high-spirited horses to the noise of the engines? But the greatet4 objection of all was this. By a map w he held in his hand it appeared that the railway would run between the north and south banks, where there were no less than forty houses, many of which were double, the gardens attached to which sloped down to the banks of the canal, and in fact looked out upon a very pretty , river. The towing path , was not largo enough for a . railway, so that additional grountl would have to be taken by which the carriages would be brought much nearer the windows of the houses. , It the line was . made in the way proposed what a pleasant accompaniment the carriages arid the engines, snorting and whizzing along, would be to a lady playing en a piano forte in one of the houses.—(Laughter.) He thought the parties ought to come towards Euston-square by some other route. No doubt, if the Gcverriment would state that they would compel the I.arties not to injure those houses, that the amendment would be with drawn.—(Hear.) Sir It, H. ING LIS commented upon the proceedings which had taken place with respect to the Bill, and sug gested that the original motion and the amendment should be withdrawn, and the Bill postponed until the Government could make the necessary inouiries. Lord MORPETH said that his Hon.Triend stated that he gave his consent to the second reading of the Bill. Now he did not wish that he should be mistaken. What he said was this, that until answers to certain inquiries were.' made he did not feel himself authorised to prevent the progress of the Bill. He would not vote himself for the second reading, but until he received the answer to which he alluded he would not oppose it.—(llear, hear.) Mr. sTßurr said that he had no sufficient answer at present to make to the observations of his Hon. Friend. He considered that the question ought to be postponed for a limited time. Sir B. HALL then withdrew his amendment, that the Bill be read that day six months. Sir W. CLAY immediately withdrew the motion that the Bill be real a second time that night, on the under standing that it was to stand over until some communi cation was received from the Commissioners of Woods and Forests. REGENT'S CANAL RAILWAY. Mr. T. S. DUNCOMBE presented a petition from certain traders in the borough of Finsbury in favour of the Regent's Canal Railway. DUTIES ON COPPER ORE. Mr. HUME gave not ice that to-morrow he sh ould move for a copy of all memor ials and petitions prayin g for the repeal of the duty on copper ore. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT. Mr. HUME also moved for a copy of the returns of corporal and other punishments o n b oar d each of her Majesty's ships in the royal navy, in each yearfrr,cimlBt4l6le, Ist of January, 1844, to the 31 s t o f December, stating the name, rating, nature of the offence, date of punishment, the number of l as h es, and remarks of Com mander in-Chief or senior officer as to any excess of punishments or otherwise, according to the schedules published and ordered in the - Admiralty instructions, dated the Ist day of January, 1844, for the government of her Majesty's naval serviee•' stating also the number of seamen and marines employ d in each year, and the average n um b er fl, ggert ; di s ti ngu i s hi ng t h e num bere of commissioned and warrant and petty officers ; also, specifying the names of her Majesty's ships and vessels, and th e nani , s of tiw commanders, in which no corporal puni-,intients hare been inflicted in any of these years. Address f4Jr abstract: of the total number of men, S TT .14' rank, and file, belonging to the Royal Marin the Ist day of January,- 1844, to the 31si - y 'e.: _ ;, " -,4. ;://ty imprisonment on shore, showing the natur '6 ,off e cembEr, 1846, have suffered corporal p shON . ea) in classes, for which such punishment • ' Djj awarded, and the number in each class, an - the greatest and the smallest number of lasher ic.eklLl s.AaAr also, the longest and shortest period of confinement awarded as punishment to each person, and the average period of confinement for each class of offence, and the average number flogged; stating the total number of rank and file, and also the number of commissioned and non-commissioned officers on shore in each year Of the total number of soldiers belonging to the Royal Artillery and Ordnance corps in Great Britain and Ireland, who, between the Ist day of January, 1844. and the 31st day of December, 1846, have suffered cor poral punishment or imprisonment, ; showing the nature of the offences, in classes, for which such corporal punish ment or imprisonment had been awarded, and the num ber in each class ; and showing also the greatest end the smallest number of lashes ; also, the longest and shortest period of confinement awarded as punishment, the average number flogged, and the average period of confinement for each class of offences; distinguishing also the total number of rank and file liable to be flogged, and also the total number: of commissioned and non commissioned offi cers i n t h e United Kingdom, in each of ocfortphse s s e a n m i e n g t enor,abroad; thetlse R th o o y s a e l years.A rti ry A a l n so d Ordnance returns total number of soldiers, belonging to regiments and depots in Great Britain and Ireland, vino, from the Ist day January, 1844, to the 31st day of December, 1846, have suffered either corporal punish ment or imprisonment ; and whenever either corporal punishment or imprisonment has been inflicted on the same perms more than once, specifying how often it has been so inflicted ; with abstract of the total number of soldiers belonging to regiments in the colonies and possessions of Great Britain, who in each year, from the first day of January, 1844, to the 31st of December, 1846, have suffered corporal punish ments or imprisonments ; showing the nature of the offences. in classes, for which such corporal punish. ment or imprisonment has been awarded, and the num ber in each class ; stating also the greatest number and the lowest number of lashes inflicted on any person in each year ; also the longest and shortest period of con finement awarded as punishment, the average num ber flogged, and the average period of confinement for each class in each year ; also distinguishing the total number of rank and file, and also the number of com missioned and non-commissioned officers in each year. Of the number of soldiers who, from the Ist day of Ja nuary, 1844, to the 31st of December, 1846, have suffered corporal punishment or imprisonment, and whether either corporal punishment or imprisonment has been inflicted on the same person more than once, specifying how often it has been , so inflicted; and distinguishing the num bers in regiments in the colonies in possession of her Majesty from regiments in depots in Great Britain and Ireland ; distinguishing also the total number of rank and file, and also the number of commissioned and non-commissioned officers in each year ; also stating the number or name of the regiment or corps, with the names of the commanding officers, in which no corporal punishment has been inflicted in any of these years (in continuation of Parliamentary Paper, No. 308, of ses sion 1845).—Agreed to. RATE-PAYING CLAUSES OF THE REFORn BILL. Mr. DUNCOMBE gave notice, that on the 18th inst. (that day fortnight), he should move for leave to bring in a Bill for the repeal of the ratepaying clauses in the Reform 13111. R 1 SOLUTIONS OF THE RAILWAY BOARD. Mr. EDWARD ELLICE said that, as he understood that the Right Hon. Gentleman at the head of the rail way board intended that night to state what were the intentions of the Government with respect to railway business, he (Mr. Ellice) should defer the question of • which he had given notice until the Rouse should have heard that exposition. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER trusted that the Hon. and Learned Member for Bolton would defer the resolutions standing on the paper with respect to the House of Keys, in order to give his Right Hon. Friend an opportunity of hying his statement before the House. Dr. BOWRING would have great pleasure in con curring in the opinion of his Right Hon. Friend, and would postpone his motion until the 18th inst. IMPORTATION OF SALT INTO INDIA. •An I - lon. BARONET, who stood so closely under the chair that he could not be seen, asked a question of the Right Ron. Baronet at the head of the Board of Control, the purport of which was to inquire whether a regula tion had been sent out respecting the importation of salt into India. Sir J. C. HOBHOUSE said that the Home authori ties fotind on inquiry that the complaints of the im• porters of salt were well founded, and they bad accord ingly sent out instructions to repeal the regulations of the Indian Government, arid to give the importers of salt the advantages of the bonding system of 1836. RAILROADS IN INDIA. Lord MAHON inquired whether the Right Hon. Baronet the President of the Board of Control had re ceived any report on railways in India, and, if so, whether he had any objection to lay it on the table of the Home? Sir J. HOBHOUSE said that the report of the Com missioners sent out to India in June, 1845, had been made, which was received on July 4th, 1846. That report had never been me° public, and he did not know whether the Noble Lord had seen it. He had not the slightest objection to present the report if it was desired. He bad also received a communication from the Go• vernor-General respecting the lands to be taken for the railroads, which might accompany the report. Mr. HUME wished to ask, whether the Right Hon. Baronet had any objections to lay any papers or dis patches also that accompanied the report on the table. Sir J. C. HOBHOUSE had no objection to produce the papers which were necessary to show the terms of the engagements. HOLYHEAD HARBOUR. Mr. W. COLLETT said that he did not think that the Government were making that progress with the Holyhead Harbour which they ought to have made, and he would accordingly ask of the Secretary of the Admi• ralty what steps her Majesty's Government have taken respecting the construction of Holyhead Harbour, and whether any additional powers are required for obtain ing posses s i on o f t h e lands adjoining the Refuge Har bour ; and if so, whether the Government are prepared with a Bill for that purpose ? Mr. WARD said that it was at first supposed that the common consent of the parties interested would have prevented the necessity of an application to Par liament, but as that supposition had proved fallacious, an Act of Parliament was in preparation, and he could assure the Hon. Member that not a day should be lost. As to the harbour itself, the works were proceeding' under private contract. Lord CASTLEREAGH desired to know, whether, in consequence of the statements which bad been made in that House the Government intended to call upon Captain Wynne for an explanatioriof his report. Mr. WARD said that measures had, been taken to put the matter fairly before the House.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. AGLIONBY gave notice, that on Thursday the 18th instant, he should move for a return of all the en franchisements effnted, or in progress of being effected, under the Copyhold Commission Act. Also the esti mates made of all manors, and an explanation of what was meant by fines arbitrary, and on what event these fines became payable. Mr. RICAltbO presented a petition from the ship owners of South Shields, -signed by 150 persons, nnd representing above 400 proprieties, expresie.- b their e,m correnee in the present suspen s i on of theNavigntioa Laws, but praying that what little protection did rerLain to them might be continued. • - , NAVIGATION LAWS. Mr. HUDSON pres en t e d a petition from 200 ship owners ,of Sunderland against any alteration in the Navigation Laws; also, a petition from the seamen of Sunderland to the same effect. Mr. iI.UME presented a similar petition from the shipowners of Montrose, though he could not concur in its prayer • Mr.'RICARDO then proceeded, in pursuance of the notice he had given, to move for a Select Committee to inquire into the Navigation Laws, He begged to assure the Hon. Member for Sunderland, that he did not seek to abrogate these laws at present, but simply wished to have an inquiry. In 1651, the Act was first passed, which passed under the name of the navigation laws, and these laws had been from timo to time altered up to 1822, when a considerable modifica tion took place. In that year Mr. Wallace introduced five separate Acts, to alter, explain, and amend the law as it then stood. Shortly after this, the Reci procity Act of Mr. Huskisson was passed, which placed the shipping of foreign countries on a better footirg than it had been before, and since there r hag , been several amendments. As he had already obser ved , as s the present motion was not for a repeal of th e course which now existed, but simply for an inquiry ; doubts of the The terms of that motio n . expressed those ton the opposite benches had agreed Now this Committee efficiency of the aavigatto laws. s e a to in 1844. which n he would just read to furnished a report p t e o rio th d e o ir f t c h o e ns s i e d s e s r io a n tiot a a t , Committee proceeded to investi gate House: — which th ey a ppointed, they found that were come to a satisfactory conclu sion. They would, therefore, lay before the House the necessity of their being re -appointed n g b t t t e i its the e si conseq uence s u bject o p a e t r a io n d ea o r f l) ;h p e er n i e o x d t i s n es t s h io e n the Committee was re-ap pointed, and they reported again, " Your Com mittee have been prevented by unavoidable cir cumstances from making that • iry which the importance of th e su bj ect demands, in quiry they beg to recommend that th e y b e re-appointed at an early period next se ssion. — (Laughter.) They were not appointed at an early period of the next session, he could not tell why, but as they acknowledged the importance of the inquiry, and expressed a doubt of the efficiency of the navigation laws, it was only fair that the inquiry should be taken up where they had left it off ; but if he should be denied the investigation which he required, he thought he would be enabled to show so much of the evil effects and mischief of the law to the manufacturers and shipping of the coun try ; to much of injustice and oppression towards their colonial fellow-subjects, that he would have a right to demand that inquiry from the justice of the House which was denied by their courtesy. The Hon Member then read from the evidence of Mr. Somes before the Committee, to show that, in the opi nion of that eminent shipowner, the laws. as then exist ing, were mischievous and absurd, whether as they re gard the interests of the ship.wencr: or the manufacturers. Mr. Sonies, in his evidence, further stated that many sacrifices were made by the home merchant and manu facturer for the purpose of encouraging maritime com merce ; and he consideAd that some sacrifice should be made for the general security of the country ; but the question had near been put in such a light as to raise