The Sun. — London, England, 1822-06-15 00:00:00

ti 0 r " `~ . • t ic? .„ NTIMBER 9300.1 OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, June 7, 1844. l' rirm aE PRINCIPAL OFFICERS of his Mi 1,44 , 44 'TESTY'S ORDNANCE do hereby g ive Notice, e "ley will Sell by PUBLIC AUCTION, at the Towder, 134 21"(laY, the 25th June instant, at Eleven o'Clock in th e Foreno on prec i se l y , sundry Lots of YE IF and 01,1) STOR ES: consisting of Ba s i . "net and Sword Scabbards, Cartouch Boxes, 'Bolts and Old Brass Furniture from Small Arms brolien up, s hti Iron Nails, Swivels, Screws, &c. Sand Bags, Blankets, Ind Coupl e t s , Old AMOUT, Quarter Barrels , an d Pa p er from ti , Triceabl e C annon C a rtridges. 7 k e whole of which may be viewed upon application at the Storekeeper's Office in the Tower (with the ex ' of the Quarter Barrels and Ca nnon Cartrid g e Paper, „ m ei ' niay be viewed at the Royal Laborat or y at Woolwich), T ei te tk y o f Sot: : where printed Lists of the Lots will "livered to those Persons who may apply for the same. fly Order of the Board, • R. H. CREW, Secretary. P 4 p, "lENT of PRIZES drawn on the ath Day of June in 44at, being the SECOND LOTTERY for the year isei . LOWERY-OFFICE, SOMERSET-PLACE, June 8, ism THE COMMISSIONERS appointed for MA. NAGING the LOTTERIES do hereby give Notice, that Nutnbers of TICKETS and SHARES thereof in all Preceding Lotteries may he examined at th is Office ever y day N uiis. td aYs excepted), with their Registers of Benefits and g ~au 11 44 (1 the COMMISSIONERS appointed to take in t he BE :PIT TICKETS of the SECOND LOTTER Y for the y ear 0: : 1 ' do hereby give Notice, That they will a ttend at their f in Somerset-Place, on FRIDAY , the 21st Instant, Afternoon,ll Te n 9'Clock in the Foreno on to Two o'Clock in the of to take in and enter the BEN EFIT TICKETS the same Lottery, to be exchanged for Certificates, pur. -4441 to the Act of Parliament in that behalf. 44, 1 for further dispatch thereof, the said COMMISSION- Iv l tS will take in and enter the TICKETS numbered from o . 1 to 3 , 500 , at one seat, and the Tickets num bered from •3 ' 6 ° l to N 0.7,000, at another seat, and the persons pos _46ed thereof ar e directed to bring with their Tickets sepa r% List s t h ereof, mar k e d A an d B, di s tinguishing Stock { 4l t°lll Money Prizes, formed in numerical order, adapted to . \v tack of the said seats, and at the bottom of each List to t rite the name and proper additions of the person entitled . u t he value of the said Tickets. - 4 44 te said C a give further ce, 71 at Cer h tificates OMMISSIONE RS for the value of the lso said Tickets will noti be de 'eted out on ‘VEDNESDAY, the 46th day of June instant , it t v j ° ", after which the said COMMISSIONERS take 4 " 14 4 enter Ti c k e ts its their usual Monthly entry ; and al l pers°4 3 are desired to observe they must bring duplica tes of sett Lists wh en th e y co me for their Certificates. At The COMMISSIONERS also give further n otice, That 54 d of indemnity must be entered into by two respectable o " ' e keepers, to be approved by the said COMMISSIONERS, g ,"her with th e p e rson entitled to the value of any Ticket " ei t et s which may have been lost, or to an y Ticket or tricketsbtf the Checks of which may have been turn or destro y ed, 45 .the Commissioners can grant Certificates for the same. 4 1.11tri - -' l% ; FIRE AND LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, NEW BRIDGE-STREET, BLACKFRIARS, EMPOWERED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT. CAPITAL—ONE MILLION. INSURANCES falling due at MI DSUM frok''',Eß will expire, unless renewed within Fifteen Days T ht (u?t, period. loa h b, Company's Rates and Conditions are of the most r.ea ‘,l4,le description:—no Charge is made for Fire Policies, ;44 the Premium exceeds iss.:—no Admission Fine is t 4 4,! 1 !0 on Life Insurance : — a liber al commission is allowed e t ,:citor s , and others, who effect Life Insurances;—and AittiVlity is afford by which the interest and conve ' °I the Public mde ay be promoted. WARNER PHIPPS, Secretary. To be in the Downs, 7th July. FOlt CALCUTTA DIRECT, THE Fine SHIP WOODFORD ) A 1, Burthen 600 Tons, lying in the East MIXIr. , , - India Export Dock, ALFRED CIJAPM.AN, Commander. 111 411 For Freight or Passage , app l y to the Com tl4Ner, at th., e Jerusalem Coftee-honse, or to JOHN CHAP an Co 2, Leadenhall-street. 4AZARD and Co. who sold the Two First Nit 20,0001. Prizes in the Last Lottery Contract, respect '44 re mind the Public, that the GRAND SUMMER LOT • containin g TWO of £30,000 ! TWO of £20,000! &c. &c. Consols and Money, BEGINS 16th JULY. I ) e l' i ! ', ? 4 CAPITALS Sure to be Drawn First Day ! and may „ by the sm all ltisk of LI. 18s. a Whole Ticket, and , zichase • 111 pro rs, p after takingortion, down the Chanx to a Siee of nth Four Shillings ! a l the First Day, will asks, to Prizes, their Tickets or Shares, whether drawn til t 3 , small or Undrawn, and may receive for them N u _ Ti ck ring Sums, viz. • half •.. costs £2l 19 o..may receive back X-20 0 0 ...... cost s .. 11 17 u.. may receive hack.. 10 1 2 0 eahrter ..cost s .. 5 19 o..nity receive back.. 5 6 0 t h• • ..costs.. 3 0 6.. may receive back.. 2 13 0 Ali ee4 th..costs.. 1 10 6.. may receive back.. 1 6 6 itlth ‘ /110 wish to avail themselves of this offer, must bring kinet'r Tic well liets or shares on or before the 26th of July, as be taken back after that Day. tr A t;i.tts and Shares are Selling at HAZARD and Co.'s y44' Offices, Royal Exchange Gate; 26, Cornhill ; arid ~..,.....2fo r d- s treet, Corner of Swallow-street. BILIOUS AND LIVER COMPLAINTS. .A,S a mild and effectual Remedy for all those Disorders which originate is a vitiated action of the tit lrer ~and Biiiary Organs namely, Indiestion, Loss of Appe rie,t: H eadache , I - lea ' rthu ' rn Flatulenc ies, Spasms, Costive ° N 4fr ret ions ' of the Liv ' r, &c. &c. DIXON'S AIN f IBILI ram, ILLS ' , it'. .have met th o rn wi ore general approval than n a d t a ): t ort 0 , Medicine whatsoever. They unite every recoinme tei tta wild operation with successful effect ; and require no Pic a ] I r or coafinenient whatever during their use. In tr.?. li ated ' h""tes, where the consequences of redundant and vi- Mt e 'lite are so prevalent and alarming, they are an invalu- N ci Pd efficient protection. They are likewise peculiarly l'abl e ate ,d ro correct disorders arising from excesses of the kib tt e ' 0 restore the Tone of the Stomach—and to remove S a i d ?'Plaints occasioned by Irregularity of the Bowels. k:h eiali ' 0 Boxes, at 2s. 9d., es., I Is., and 225., by Butlers, t reat st ,'' NO. 4, Cheapsidr, St. Paul's, and 220, Regent- Pae,eilr the Argyle Rooms ) ) London ; iO, Waterloo d'he ,V pri, —din hurgh ; and f-14, Saekville-street, Dublin ; and by ' 4 11) „ . Meditine-veuder; throughout the Unites King- . .., \\•••:,,,,‘ , • /,, f , . . ~,' e:' • ' 0" - -4;•,;:- , -.V r T • ._. ~.. tdtak t, . 0 ,N; • \ ' ,••'• ' • ,\ ‘ \ - • ,••••• , --, i ,/, (:._• , 42 ... 4 .. 4-• -......, .aem......................5...........n......*..0..0.*............ SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1.822,. CITY OF LONDON TAVERN, JUNE 14th, h 22. •FIE AMOUNT of 294 REMITTANCES made by the GENERAL COMMITTEE of the SUB SCRIPTION, for some Immediate Assistance in the ex treme Temporary Want and Distress of the Southern and Western Districts of Ireland, is 51,3601. Funds placed at the disposition of the twenty-three Protestant and Catholic Bishops of the Distressed Districts, 4,6001. The Committee have purchased and dispatched about 2,500 tons of good Potatoes, intended for Seed, which have been di rected in more than forty vessels to the several harbours and ports of Ireland, from Sligo to Cork, many of which Cargoes have arrived. The Committee regret to find, that the extent of the extreme Distress which has prevailed, and is still increasing, in so large a portion of Ireland, obliges them to implore the Beneficence of the Affluent and Hum2ne, to enable them to continue the small Assistances they are Distributing, to mitigate, in some degree, the great Sufferings of the people—afflicted at once with Poverty and Scarcity. The Committee have great hope from the effect of the exer tions of the Clergy of Great Britain, under the authority of the King's Letter, graclously issued, to collect the Christian and benevolent Contributions,of the Congregations; and they have equal confidence in the zealous co-operation on this sad neces sity of the Ministers of Religion of every denomination. By these united and general exertions the Committee trust that, with the blessing and mercy of Divine Providence, much misery may be spared, and the lives of thousands preserved. Whilst the Committee are acting with the anxiety and cau tion which their fears for the months . of July and 'August re quire, they will not doubt that British beneficence will continue its accustomed liberality. They feel nevertheless the duty to state their strong persuasion that the full exertion of that bene volence will be required for a very small and partial relief of the numerous destitute peasantry of Ireland. The .Committee still purposely abstain from exposing details of the near approach'to famine, and its natural consequences— contagion and death. The dismal statements which have so long been so public, cannot have escaped the notice of the com munity. The Committee confine themselves, therefore, to plead with every class of their fellow-subjects for their generous aid in this sudden crisis of extreme suffering and want. JOHN SMITH, Chairman. Amount of Subscriptions already advertised £80,709 311 FurtherSubseriptions received : Richmond, Surrey, missioned Officers, & per the Vicar and Privates - - 45 1 0 Churchwardens £157 12 0 From Puget, Bainbridge& Co. T. Chawner, Esq. 50 0 Rev. J. Browne - 5U 0 A. F. Gibson & Sons, J. C. M. - 2 U 0 Saffron Walden 10 0 0 Woburn, near Beacons kunderland, and its field, per David Cham- Neighbourhood,lst tiers, Esq. - - 18 12 9 Remittance, per the From Rogers and Co. Rev. R. Gray 150 0 0 W.Curlingand Sons 10 10 0 Mr. Barber . 2 2 0 From Williams and Co. J. Blades, Esq. 10 10 0 Deddington Subscrip- Small Subscriptions 11 4 0 tion - 29 9 1 From Hamrnersleys and Co. Padborrow Troop of M. R. B. - 5 5 0 Yeomanry—the Non. From Morland and Co. commissiond Officers A Poor Friend to the and Privates - 20 0 0 Distressed Irish 10 0 0 Bradford Parish- 210 0 From Drummond and Co. From Martin, Stone and Co. E. C. - 1 10M.C. J. C. - 12 0 0 From Coutts and Co. From Stephensons & Co. The Ladies Dawson 20 0 0 Rev. Harry Lee, Win- B. Whippy and Son 5 5 0 chester - - 5 0 0 From Child and Co. Wm. Phillips, Esq. 1 1 0 Mrs. 'l'. Cowper 1 1 0 From Curtis Si - , Co. Lord Sandon - 19 0 0 T. H. - 3 0 0 W. W. - 2 2 0 From Esdaile & Co. From Goslings and Sharpe. Mr. Frankland, Ton- Chiswick.—From se- bridge Wells 5 0.0 veral inhabitants From Bosanquet & Co. (in addition to ye- Rev. J. Granger 1 1 0 rious Sums pre- From Smith Payne & Co. viously sent by in. Mr. J. B. Cuming - 1 1 0 dividuals to the Mrs. Wolferstan - 2 9 0 Committee) by the Miss Jervis - 1 1 0 Rev. T. F. Bower- J. K. 1 1 0 bank, Vic. 75 14 0 Mrs. Chauncy and Fa- Doncaster, per Cooke, roily, of Cheshunt 60 0 0 Childers, and Co. 157 0 0 Stonehouse, near Ply- From Messrs. Hoare. mouth,pr T.C.Shields 15 14 0 Percy Chapel, per the From Sikes & Co. Hon. and Rev. G. Great Stanmore, by the T. Noel - 140 0 0 Rev. A. I.,.Chauvel 63 15 5 Rev. S. Fitzberbert 1 1 0 C. De St. Leu, Esq. 2 2 0 26th, or Cameronian Re- From Spooner & Co. giment, at Gibraltar, Campden,Gloucester 12 10 6 the Officers, Non-corn- The Committee will meet at the City of London Tavern daily, at Eleven for Twelve. Subscriptions are received at the Committee Room, between the Hours of Twelve and Four ; by Smith, Payne and Snuths ; and by all the Bankers in London and Westminster. By Order of the Committee, MICH. WM. TROY, Honorary Secretary'. The Committee have been informed, that several benevolent Ladies of Distinction have formed a plan for supplying the Peasantry, of Ireland with Articles of Clothing, and for co operating with and exciting similar benevolent exertions in Ireland. Such is the sad condition, that the Committee have reason to believe numbers of those unfortunate creatures have been obliged to sell their clothing to provide food, and that they will be unprovided with necessary clothing in the ensuing winter. This mode of relief has been suggested, and the Com mittee very earnestly recommend it to the consideration and good feelings of the Ladies of the United Kingdom. POPERY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR—Having observed, with great satisfaction, the general tenor of the principles in which your excellent Paper is conducted, and the firmness with which you constantly endeavour to uphold the sound and genuine maxims which led to the establishment of our glorious constitution in Church and State, I am induced to hope that you will find a place for the following extract from a book which I have lately bad occasion to refer to — the book is the" Siecle de Louis XIV." by VOL TAIRE, and the passage quoted struck me with peculiar force at the present moment, when, as I understand, every exertion is making to carry through the House of Lords the Bill which has al ready passed the Commons, for introducing Roman Catholic Peers into a share of the Legislature of this Protestant country. One thing at least is certain, that the author of the passage cannot be charged with bigotry, or an illiberal and selfish attachment to the Church of England. " Preter Serment i un autre qul son Souverain, est un crime " de lese-Majeste dans un laique : c'est dans le cloitre un acte "de religion. La diffieula de savoir d quel point on dolt obe;r " a ce Souverain etranger, la facilite de se laisser seduire, le " plaisir de secouer un joug naturel pour en prendre un qu'on " se donne a soi-meme, l'esprit de trouble, le malheur des " temps, n'orAt quc trop souvent ports des ordres entiers de re " ligieux a scrvir Rome eontre icier patrie." I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, A CONSTANT READER. June 12, 1822. PARLIAMENT, J. USE OF LORDS, FRIDAY, JUNE 14. The Recognizances' Bill was read a third time and passed. PUBLIC RECORDS. _ The Marquis of DOWNSIIIRE presented a petition from a respectable individual called . Rowley Lascelles, complaining of injury done to himself by the Commissioners for examining Public Records in Ireland, and of the great expenditure in curred by those Commissioners in the course of their examina tion. The Noble Marquis trusted that his Majesty's Govern ment would inquire into the -allegations Cif, this petition, as far as both the individual and the public •were concerned.—Laid on the table. The Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND presented a petition from the Shipowners of Newcastle and South Shields against the Navigation Acts' Amendment Bill. —Laid on the table. The Bishop of St. DAVID'S presented six petitions from the Clergy of several deaneries within his diocese against the Catholic Peers Bill.—Laid on the ta ble. The Annuities Memorial tVa.,:.ginvatgis -..a-Committee, and was reported. Sir T. ACLAND and others brought up several private Bills, from the Commons.—Read a first time. IRISH STATIONARY. The Earl of DARNLEY trusted that the Noble Secretary of State, whom he was glad to see once more m his place, would be able to give him such information respecting the progress of the inquiry into the abuses which he had pointed out last year in the mode of supplying the public offices in Ireland with stationary, as would prevent the necessity of his recurring to the subject. The Earl of LIVERPOOL stated, , that in consequence of what had passed in that House, a full inquiry had been made respecting the contract for the supply of Stationary. Ava riety of propositions had been submitted, with a view of coming to an arrangement on the subject. What was the state of the question at present he could not immediately say ; but if the Noble Earl wished to know the correspondence which had passed, and the propositions made, he (Lord Liverpool) would have no objection to lay copies of both before the House. A few words then passed between the two Noble Earls, which were inaudible below the bar. STATE OF IRELAND. The Order of the Day having been read, The Marquis of LANSDOWNE rose, pursuant to his notice, to call the attention of the House to the state of Ireland. How ever liable he might be to the charge of presumption for doing so, he had the satisfaction to feel, that after all the pledges held forth by Government in that House and elsewhere, that Ire land should obtain the attention of Parliament—after the aus picious circumstances of his Majesty's visit to that country last summer, which promised it so many blessings—after the subsequent change in its administration, which confirmed the hopes excited by that visit, and after so considerable a period of the present Session had elapsed without any proposition being made by his Majesty's Ministers on the subject, he was only discharging a duty which it would have been neglect any longer to delay. He was also discharging it in the presence and hearing of many individuals, who possessed a practical knowledge of the country, and could therefore judge how well founded was all that he should state. In order to save their Lord ships' time, he should only remind them, that to all the distress arising from a change in the currency, and from a depreciated value of agricultural produce, Ireland had been liable. She had been affected in the same, and even in a greater degree, than-England ; because, whilst in the latter the operation of great manufacturing interests diminished the evil, Ireland be. ing almost entirely agricultural, bore them with unmitigated weight. He should, therefore, omit the painful recital of those calamities which Ireland had borne, in common with this coun try, to call their Lordships' attention more specifically to those which were peculiar to Ireland. And if it were necessary to show that the state of that country was one of misfortune, the Statute Book on the table of the House would speak more elo quently than any thing he could say. Let their Lordships look at the Legislation' for the last twenty years on all occas sions, an.l at the language used when new laws had been intros duced. Was it proposed to suspend the trial by Jury ?—to confide arbitrary power to the officers of Government and to the Magistrates ?—to interfere with the laws of supply and de maw!, or to suspend the execution of works of public utility? It was unanimously admitted that the Trial by Jury was an ex cellent institution, but then there was something peculiar in the situation of Ireland which made it inapplicable and dan gerous in that country ! Arbitrary power would undoubtedly be injurious in England, but there was something peculiar in the situation of Ireland which required that it should be com mitted to the hands of the Government and the Magistracy ! To interfere with the question of supply and demand would be quite wrong here, but the same peculiarity made it right in Ireland ! If this were true—if what produced good in all other parts of the world only produced evil in Ireland, and the cup which conveyed to others a salutary draught, no sooner touched the lips of that country, than its contents were con verted to a deadly poison, was he not entitled after twenty years of union between the two countries to ask for an inquiry into the state of Ireland ? As well might her condition be as cribed to some visitation of Providence as to any peculiarity of her own. Was it because her insular situation was favourable for trade, because her climate was temperate, because she pos sessed all the means of navigation, and had been blessed by Providence with every thing calculated to make a people rich and happy, that she was found poor, in the midst of surround ing wealth, barbarous, in the midst of civilization and dis contented beneath the shelter of a Constitution, of which it was boasted that it gave freedom and protection even to the meanest individual ? The causes of hefsituation must be looked for in the institutions of the country, and it was those institutions which their Lordships were now called upon to investigate. In the very outset he would disclaim attributing the exist ing evils to any class of individuals. It would be un worthy of a Statesman to do so, except as far as indivi duals were connected with the institutions of the country. It was not therefore into the misconduct of the Land lords or of the Clergy that he called upon their Lordships to inquire. He wished them to look at the state of the amount of the population of Ireland, at the burthens which it had to bear, at the mode in which justice was administered, and at the nature of the local imposts, including tithes. In the first instance, he would show what extraordinary increase had taken place in the Irish population. In 1695 it amounted only to 1,034,000 souls. In 1731 to 2,010,000. In 1791 to 4,200,000. In IQII to 5,400,000; and in 1821 it had risen, according to the last census, to the enormous number of 6,846,000. It had been calculated that in commercial and ma nufacturing countries three acres and one-ninth were applicable to the support of each individual. In Ireland there were no more than 2 acres and 5-6ths for each, which shewed a state of population scarcely ever equalled in the world. It had also been calculated that only one-fourteenth of this mass of popu ' lation belonged to - the Established Church, another fourteenth were Dissenters, and the other twelve fourteenths were Ro man Catholics. He wished to remove the error that this in crease of population indicated an increase of wealth and pros. perity in the country, and to shew, on the contrary, that so ciety in Ireland had fallen into that state in which it was pos sible for the population to increase whilst the wealth of the country diminished. This arose from that system of gradual degradation which had forced the people to abandon all com forts, and to look only for a mere subsistence. Driven from all other hope and ambition, individuals thought themselves justified in increasing 'their families with no other means of subsistence than the most precarious support of apotatoe crop. It was on account of the state of degradation into which the peasantry of Ireland had fallen, that scenes had been witnessed which had been so faithfully anticipated by the Poet : " While scourged by famine, from the smiling land, The mournful peasant leads his humble band ; And while he sinks, without one arm to save, The country blooms—a garden and a grave." It was true that Ireland exhibited the greatest degree of human want in the midst of abundance. The produce of the land was carried away to supply the existence of a richer man, whilst the population were left a prey to famine. In most of the measures adopted towards Ireland, there existed an artificial, bounty to increase of population. The Act for extending the elective franchise had a particular clause, which had become, a source of constant and increasing evil. The object now had in view in consequence of that clause, and he was sorry to say but too often in connection with corrupt motives, was to increase the number of wretched voters or slaves, in the man ner most likely to produce that effect. One practice consisted in letting lands in common to several individuals, - so that each s could swear that he bad a freehold in a particular • There existed a case in which ninety persons were regis tered as having a- freehold in the same term, and it was by no means unusual to have twenty, thirty, or forty indivi duals registered as having a common right in one feral._ This increase of petty freeholders acted as an encouragement to population, 'and much as he respected the elective fran chisee he should not object to such a modification of it as would limit one person to -vote for one farm. He did not wish to check the. population of the country, but to regulate its growth. He should now come to the nature of the burthens which that population had to bear, and should have to state an extraordinary instance of misapplied taxation, which had not only destroyed the comforts of the people, but had diminished the revenue of the State, and formed a kind of phenomenon in the history of fiscal mal-administration. The revenue of Ire land, in 1807, amounted to 4,378,2411. Between that year and 1815, additional taxes had been laid upon that country to the estimated amount of 3,376,0001. From three were to be de ducted 400;0001. remitted at the end of the last war. Now the whole revenue of Ireland in 1821 was 3,844,8891. e. so that the effect of adding three millions of taxes had been to produce a revenue less by several hundred thousand pounds than in 1807 ! And for this the comforts of the people had been de stroyed, and the gradations of the country removed ! If there were any articles which tould be called the luxuries or the poor, they were those of Tea and Sugar, which were but one de gree above the necessaries of life, endeanitottneedethe.ferat hp preach, to case and comibrt. The increased duty on sugar had produced a small augmentation of revenue; for whereas the produce of the duty was only 379,0001. in 1807, it had been 404,0001. on an average of the last five years. But the con sumption of the article itself had diminished from 338,000 cwts. to 267,000 cwts. In the article of Tea the Revenue itself had diminished since the duty had been raised from 60 and 80 to 100. The average produce of the Irish Duty on Tea between 1807 and 1809 had been 527,6031, whilst in 1819 and 1820 it had been only 451,3001. These were really taxes on civilization. An Irish Attorney-General had once justly observed, that every house erected in Ireland was an additional pled, e. and hostage of its continued connection with England. It was by raising the views of the people be yond the soil on which they lived, and by encouraging their in dustry, that a wise legislator would improve the minds and conditions of men, and make them good and faithful subjects. It was also to increased taxation that the increase of immora lity amongst the people was to be attributed, and the dissolu tion of all those ties of duty and obedience to which the prac tice of illicit distillation had led. Such temptation was afford- ed by the duty on stills in Ireland, to private distillation, that notwithstanding all the dangers of the practice, on an outlet of 91. a profit of 271. might be procured, being a bounty to that amount for illicit distillation. Every illicit still became a school for every species of hostility to Government, and formed a nucleus for the spirit of insurrection. Neither did that bounty for illicit distillation operate only on the mind of the pea. sant. He was sorry to say, that it also influenced the mind of the landlord, who was seduced, by the hope of obtaining his rent, into countenancing the infraction of the laws.— In the last six years 5,350 persons had been committed for. illicit distillation, and 3963 had been convicted. Those who knew the state of the prisons of Ireland, so wretched in comparison to those of this country, could not doubt the fact that the individuals committed for venial offences within their walls must have come out hardened offenders, disposed for every kind of mischief, and ready to erect openly the standard of rebellion. This led him to consider the Admi nistration of Justice in Ireland. In the admirable work of Sir John Davies, a Protestant and a Lawyer sent to Ireland to ad minister justice, that able observer said---" There is no nation under the sun that does love eq ual and indifferent justice better than the Irish, or will rest more satisfied with its decisions, al though against themselves, provided they have the protection of the lain when they do deserve it." NI hen it. ,vas found that such a people were in opposition with the existing laws, there were grounds to believe that it was not without a cause. He did not mean to impeach the character of the Irish Judges ; he complained of the state of the Magistracy in Ireland, a state which, it was generally admitted, had for years in- dispensably required immediate revision. The necessity of revision had been increased by the change which had taken place in the property of individuals, some of whom, in , stead of being able to support the independence and dignity of their stations, had no other means of subsistence than what they derived from the execution of their office, and were liable to be sent to gaol for debt. Many weeks had not elapsed since he had lent money to an individual who had ap plied to him in the character of a young Gentleman, son to an Irish Magistrate. He had since discovered him to be an impostor, not as to what lie represented himself to be, but as to the means possessed by his family to repay the money which he had borrowed. He had found him to be the son of a man called a Gentleman and a Magistrate, but who was also a Bankrupt. This hopeful father of a hopeful son illustrated the state of the Magistracy in Ireland ; a state which ought to be re, formed before all others. He was willing for the present to keep the Catholic question out of view, but he was convinced that there was not one individual among their, Lordships, however opposed to fresh concessions, who did not wish that the laws which now existed in favour of the Catholics should be justly executed towards them. If so, he asked why the number of Catholic Magistrates irt Ireland bore no proportion to the amount of Catholic property, and why they were so seldom admitted to Grand .Turies, which the law allowed, and by which they might protect their own property ? Why was not their admission provided for as far as the law allowed ? This was not dealing fair towards them, and it tended to excite an impression in the minds of the lower orders, that their sect did not meet with the same favour and justice as others, an impression calculated to irritate and to shake the foundation of the repose of the country. He should appeal to the opinion of one of the wisest of men, Lord Bacon, who happened to pronounce it when.giving instructions to Sir Thomas Osborne, who was going out to administer a high judicial office in Ire land : " The last recommendation, though the first in weight that I give you," said that great man," is that you should pro ceed with equality in matters of Religion, lest Ireland civi lized should become more dangerous to us than Ireland savage." So important did Lord Bacon consider it to he to keep down all religious feuds and animosities. One of the consequences of the heavy taxation to which Ireland was subjected was, that two-thirds of her population were shut out of the advantages of the law. He (lid not allude to those acts of spoliation come mitted within the very sanctuary of justice, by agents who ex torted additional fees from the victims brought into Court; but he considered that the State itself was much in fault. The stamp on law proceedings had been increased threefold since the Union. The augmentation might be harmless in England, but when the same clog was applied to a poorer country, it amounted to a denial of law and justice. The law proceed ings had thus been diminished one-fourth in Ireland, a circum stance of great congratulation if it had proceeded from a dimi nution of causes or of the disposition to litigate, but the con trary was known to be the fact. In consequence of the impos sibility of obtaining justice on reasonable terms, a most singular practice had arisen in the west of Ireland. When two indivi duals disputed the possession of some land or tenement, they fought for it, and then indicted each other before the Barristers' Court, where the expence was trifling, for an assault, with an agreement between them, that he to whom the Barrister should pronounce that damages were due, should have established his title to the land. Before he came to the last point to which lie intended to call the attention of their Lordships, he should say a few word* with respect to the effect produced by absentee landlords. He was not one of those who rated quite so high as others its tendency to impoverish the country. Its moral effect he certainly rated much higher. But he knew no other way of inducing absentees to reside in Ireland than that of making it their interest to live there, and, above all, to let those who did so, enjoy the protection of the Government. He would also advise that every species of honour and advantage which it was in the power of the Crown to confer in Ireland' should be bestowed on those who resided in that country. He should now come to that impost which had existed so long under the name of tithes. The Irish po pulation, burthened with taxes, as hc had shewn, enjoying so im perfect an administration of justice, and suffering from the ab sence of the proprietors or the soil, was also subject to an im post most vexatious in its principle, most repugnant to the persons who paid it, least consonant with the interests of those by whom it was received, enforced by laws more re volting than the impost itself, and forming a burthen which pressed more heavily in proportion as the distress of the times was greater. Cases bad arisen in which persons had been obliged to pay tithes although they had derived nothing from the produce of their farms. Before he proceeded further, he wished to guard against being thought to throw any imputa tion on the body of the Church. He had already disclaimed all intention of attacking any class of men. He did not cern plain of the Church in Ireland, but of the situation in which the clergy were placed, and of the powers with which they PRICE SEYENPENCE. were wed, whether necessary or not. He did not wish to see thefn forced in a situation in whiCh their sacred office way calculated to irritate 'the people, and whilst he professed the higrheserespect for the Church oflreland, he must say, that be considered that Church as intended for the benefit of 'lreland; and not Ireland for the benefit of that Church. The condnct of mosi'neenabera of that Church was entitled to the highest praise of that House. He - knew of clergymen who had re-- nounced their vested rights this year. In many instances,' in the county of Cork, they had declared that they Would not re ceive cow tutees from flax. This conduct was most exemplary, but it was unjust towards themselves, and he would not have them so situated as to be reduned to the necessity of depriving themselves of their just rights; Whilst litigious' Clergymen were able to extort the full amount frown the poor. It appear ed from the Returns.laid before the other house, that in the last six years there had been tried before the Ecclesientical Courts in Ireland, where proceedings were attended with the greater expence, 2,178 titheecauses ; and in the Civil Courts in six counties 7,149. In the county of 'terry ,alone, the num ber of tithe cases had -amounted to 2,19 n. Assuming the same proportion to have taken' place in the counties from which no returns had yet been received, the number for all Ireland in the period of six years, and exclusive of thola tried in the Ecclesiastical Courts, must have amounted to 17,327. 3'he Noble Marquis then took'a view of the mode in which tythes e soere collected in Ireland. A law existed in'tiust country, by which, if three famera-gave notice the same day to a Clergyman that they intended to , set out their tythea, - that notice was to be deeinecl a conspiracy, and to be punished as such. Nothing could be said mere severe against the whole system than that it required to be supported by a law so ini quitous and tyrannical. He did not charge all the Clergy a Ireland to avail themselves of that law, they were too liberal to 910 it, but yet the law existed and might be putin force. The tythes were also most unequally raised. In some instances they attached to potatoes, and in others they did .not, so that mucn confusion prevailed on the subject. With an impost so unequal, so levied, and which afforded an efficient remuneration only to the litigious part of the Clergy, it must be an object of equal importance to all that means should be provided for its com mutation. He was sure that he should not have to encounter from any of the Noble Lords or of the Rt. Rev. Prelates in that House, any doctrine in favour of the existence of tythes ,founded on any thing of a Divine right, for he found in a'book published at the very period of the Reformation by the authoe rity of the Bishops and of Queen Eli2abeth, by whose printer it was printed, and entitled " Exposition of Doctrine," that one of the greatest errors of the Church of Rome was the opinion that tythes were founded on Divine right. He conceived that the amount of the property possessed by the Church of Ireland might continue to exist in a manner not oppressive to the coun try, but consonant With its interest, and in what he should Stig gest, he should keep the following points in view :-.-not to pro pose any principle of commutation to which as a tythe pro prietor lie would not limseif gladly accede ; which would not leave the Church of Ireland in the samerelative state of wealth and respectability which it now possessed, or which would make it more dependent on the State than it now was. If, in deed, he could devise any mode to make it still less dependent than it was, he would prefer it. What he would suggest would be whether by a valuation of corn, as in Scotland, by means of a sworn Jury, the tithes might not be commuted into money, on an average of the five or six preceding years, secur ing to Clergymen the same degree of opulence which they now . enjoyed. 'With a view to Ireland, it would be an improve ment if such a corn rent were paid by the proprietor, not the occupier of land, and It would also be advantageous to provide these proprietors with the means of redeeming the payment of that rent, by allowing them to purchase land, and to settle it upon the church in lien of the impost, which would thus be extinguished for ever. A precedent .of this kind had occurred when a Bill passed through that House without any opposition from the Noble Lord on the Woolsack, allow ing the parish of Clifton to purchase an estate for the clergy man, and thus exonerating the parish from tithes for ever. In Ireland there could be no objection to place clergymen in the situation of land-owners, as it would only tend to increase their respectability in the opinion of the people. A burthen was now casnon the Catholic peasantry, who were forced to pay for the rebuilding of Protestant churches and chapels. Now he had heard it said that a new valuation of first fruits would produce • the means of rebuilding Protestant churches and exonerating the Catholic peasantry front a charge which could not be other wise than oppressive to them. The first fruits had not been vae lued since the time of Queen Anne, and, he understood, proe duced less at present than at that period. A new valuation was therefore advisable; and the inure so, if it could have a salt:- tary effect on the intercourse which must subsist between the Protestant Incumbent and the Catholic peasantry in Ireland. The Noble Marquis then called upon their Lordships to trans port themselves in imagination from the metropolis to a distant parish in Ireland, and to watch the operation of all the evils to which the people were subjected, when deprived of their natural protection, exposed to temptation fad earning their subsistence, by the infringement of the law. Ile once more alluded to his Majesty's visit to Ireland, and intreated their Lordships to make it an epoch in the history of that country, by conquering all prejudices, and proceeding and continuing in a course ;et wise and temperate Legislation. • He then moved the inner,. mg Resolution : " That it is the opinion of this fleuse that the state of Ire• land indispensably, ,requires the immediate attention of Perlin: ment, with a view to improve the condition of its population, and more effectually provide for its tranquillity and domestic' happiness." The Earl of LIVER.POOL felt as deeply ,as any of their - Lordships could do, the importance of the subject now before their consideration, and his feeling of that importance had, if possible, been augmented by the fair, temperate, and candid manner in which it had been brought forward by the Noble Marquis. In going into this subject, it was his into Lion to express his opinion upon its various topics with as little die position as the Noble Marquis to introduce extraneous matter. or to aggravate any of the distresses of Ireland, or any other part of the empire, which it must he the wish of all should not be aggravated. If he :objected to the proposed re solution, it would be because there was no necessity for their Lordships adopting it, and because it implied a censure upon the Noble Lord now at the head of his Ma jesty's Government in Ireland ; and he should not meet it by a decided negative, but by moving the previous question.— Before, however, he pursued wadi a course, he felt himself bound to look minutely and attentively at the state of Ireland at the present moment. Before deciding upon a remedy, they were bound to look at the real cause ; lie did think that the state of Ireland had been greatly mistaken. Her condition had always been aggravated for the purposes of faction (and here he certainly did not allude to the speech which had just fallen from the Noble Marquis), and her real suffering luid been increased to further factious views. Ilierefore their Lordships ought not to proceed until they had examined well the sources of the evils. In conriclering the state of ke land, or of any other country, as he had advanced npore a previous occasion, there was one distinction necessary to be borne in mind. First, they must look to tee whether the evils complained of grew out of the relation which existed between the Government and the governed; and secondly, whether they grew out of the relation in which those who laboured for their daily bread, stood to the owners of the property of such country. This had for ever been a principle of policy since the beginning of time down to the present moment.— In those countries - whose history . formed their early study, in all the contests between the rich and the poor, between plebeians and patricians, where liberty was in every man's mouth, it would be found that the great mass of the popula tion were in a state of slavery. In modern times they did not want similar examples. In the United States, the condition of the peasant was one of complete slavery ; and there were in stances of the same fact in Europe. It was not therefore suffi cient for them to know that the people were in the state they had been described to be in; it became necessary for their Lordships to look into the relations which subsisted between the Government and the governed ; and also between the poor and those who possessed the property of the land. lie did not mean to say that this was particularly applicable to the entire situation of Ireland, but he advanced it as being illustrative of the principle he had laid down. But if they kicked fairly into the condition of Ireland, it would be found that nine-tenths of her grievances were not dependent upon any thing connected with the Government, but that they depended upOn the rela tive state of society in that country. The . whole history of Ireland would bear out this proposition ; for, with the excep tion of the insurrection of 1798, when a French army was land ed in Ireland, and there was a regular conspiracy against the Government, the disturbances and rebellions which had occur red had been invariably directed against property, and not against Government. The Noble Marquis had alluded to the late visit of his Majesty to Ireland, and no one could doubt but that it did prcduce great good at the time, when it was re 0 - 0 1 11 and