The Sun. — London, England, 1853-04-11 00:00:00

THE FRENCH EMPIRE. At the present moment the question of education Occupies a great space in public attention, not only in England, but on this side of the Channel. The " 1 Y difference is, that while the English Govern- Inent and Parliament are exerting themselves to e xtend the bl ess i ngs o f e d uca ti on to all classes of the people, the Government of this country is em ployingall its ingenuity to restrict the system al ready in use, and to discourage the pursuit of knowledge among the middle and lower classes of B°6 °4". Our readers are aware that some of the r egulations introduced last year are so framed that the knowledge of the classics will henceforth not be absolutely necessary. There is now a proposition bY which the expenses of education in the colleges and other establishments will be increased, so as to , b e a great additional burden on the fathers of ara ,llies• The Sieele accuses th e G overnm e n t of 'having;, brought forw ar d thi s pl an i n th e h o p e th a t would diminish the number of students in the `X.cees and other institutions connected with the lversity, and increase the dumber of students in of the clergy, vue p e tits seminaires, which a re u nder the control measure. and which are not affected by the The Debuts, however, looks on the pro -I;9Bition in a less unfavourable light, for, while - it its approves of the proposed measure, it thinks that ellect will be very limited. A decree in the Moniteur states that from the Will 't of November of the present year all stamps used bear the new marks decided on in consequence of the change effected in the form of government. ne old stamps may, however, be used until July din a 1854 . The h o ld ers o f papers s t ampe d extraor rily are Cowed a delay of three months from 4 ,, L Pril 1, 1854, t o get them marked with the new Then, witho u t any c h arge. Tancrede steamer froic'. Constantinople, Which place she left on March 25, arrived at Mar _Bel -les on Thursday night. The passage was a bad ' l le, rough weather prevailing the whole time. She by.:cM.% detained at Syra the whole of the 29th of March the tempest which prevailed, and at Malta .!,11ring the 3d and 4th of April. On March 30 she 'ad communicated with the French fleet near Cal aanata. among the Prefects, among which are two diamis ri ' na mely, that of M. de Romand, Prefect of the , reuse, and Al. d autre 3 are appelle • , d'EDPrc Prefect of Cautal, who guage, dismissed. ct The Count de Hompeseh, fonetions, or, in plain lan rand-Master of the order of Malta, died two days nephew of the last ago in the debtors' prison of Paris. pThe Northern and Strasbourg Railroad Com anies are to have conceded to them what is called ~,e, Ardennes line, which passes Mezieres, and Z i t% with the Northern line at Givet and Valen 4onets• The estimated cost of this enterprise is Th ,000 f. aod a ßourse of Saturday was active for Rentes - uank Stock, and prices were not only steadily 4,4 4 ,tained, but an improvement effected of 35c. 4, 0 " 50 . in the Three per Cents. for Cash, and the 04 1111 t, and of 30c. on the Four-and-a-Half per to 2 ;, for the end of the month. Bank Stock rose `* s f., but eventually closed at 2,740 f. Con 40,1'Ing prices :—Three per Cents., cash, 89f. 30c. ; ea rnt, 80f, 50c. ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., ish a , 103 f. 45c. ; Account, 103 f. 75c. In the able °f the Principal railways there was consider bubusiness transacted, and, in nearly all cases, s c lghtl y Unproved p r i ces . At th e conc l us i on of " 0 4 4 l e a, 8.% s the quotat i 6 ns were: — Northern, 907 f. 50c.; 847 E. 11 5 6 1 ,052 f. 50 c . • Paris and Strasbourg, and R on : '. ; Paris and Lyons, 951 f. 25c. • Paris me an, 815 f 1 ,052 f. 50c. ; Lyons to the dediter --' ; Western of France, 750 f. SPAIN. The foll ow i ng are the prices of stocks :—Three ' nts, 43g • ditto Deferred, 24 9-16 ; Redeem tte Debi, first class, 11; ditto second class, 51. ° upon Certificates have fallen again, and are q u oted at 41, sellers. Exchange on London, 5110. GERMANY. ahe president of police has published a notice ex- L -- , Liu o i ng and fully justifying his grounds for the Jution of the so-called " Sick Provident . t 00 41 1 5 n. It appears from this document, which is itd iv e .n,g to admit of translation, that several . ef the eor Em i 'llals recently arrested and most seriously I:l4e("lnised, such as Falkenthal, M.D. ; Levy, a nice w o trades man ; Goldhanamer, a cutler ; and th _ e nairr ao e rs, whose names are g i ven , were e ith er naio u; tia, stewards, treasurers, or officers of the Vier br aii a , s t i t l he society was the "mother" of sundry fence, it s - Th lellibs; that, under the mask of benevo einneratie7,,lll ;abject was the dissemination of "elusiv e l y IP, nlican principles, and its objects s ' s y , s oeiati o4 inttieal that the president of the atierions is is ,_"ue ,ex-common councilman Runge, three of „s "socialist-communist activity ;" nal, Ri es 'Ale principal medical men, Falken- Vega ; that and Abarban.ell, are similarly noto 'en re - sev eral other trading members hare am 4 ; -Pealed' I. urther th compromised. in political offences ; availed th eta a i t Medical practitioners and stewards c .,, c)rt aPt au c i , s s 'ves of the mantle of benevolence to vrov e d th .verve.b -j- the members. It is further whic h illu s a i t t here is a large deficit in the ca at 'ss i e n , malvers committee e ither have arisen from t ia • olbitn at e purposes, or from far r e atipoi a b ie "2 ll Ced the entrance- name/. the books, the amount. According to c b ° e mnu low the 30az,,, 5 " illscribed amounted to some 12,000, from rerent • guilds. Among these were 1,046 shoe elna_ers 1 614 tailors, 240 printers, and 4,180 o l Yne 'a nc f,-„,,,1,,hi n e makers. The police had not my dissolved the society, but sequestrated the t b um,. a pro tempore. At the same time care has e e n taken that the sick shall receive proper at lose The numerous creditors will, it is said, I l s e. their money, as, from the association not st ew lg,,,_liad corporate rights, its president and remain cannot be prosecuted as a body. Nothing Ins and for therefore but to p rosecu t e i n d iv id ua lly, ber/ amount that may be due to each mem ,,,,_ an endless and fruitless undertaking. ar _ - Lu_e police and watchmen continue to pick up which and ammunition in considerable quantities, to ir are thrown into the streets at night by per who fear that the domiciliary visits may lead to detection. These arras and ammunition bear throughevrdent proofs . of having been obtained by or the disgraceful 1 848, plunder of the arsenal in The Ministerial Zeit says that it regrets to state that teachers and lecturers at the university are more or less implicated in the demagogic recently discovered. It quotes, among let, plot one M. Gherke, who was formerly prosecuted and sus pended from his functions, but pardoned and re admitted upon his entering into an express engage ment to abstain from politics. M. Gherke has been again suspended by order of the so-called provincial un iversity committee. Another lecturer of the same char ges was arrested three or four y arage latesferbfeing These connected with the conspiracy. whose gut acts he the prove that many of the persons Y it is to abstain from politics, and who t , 8 bread of the State under condition that l a w u hall inculcate , avail th e morality morality and respect for the the m ost t uernselves of their position to instil their pupille'ernicious doctrines into the minds of orThe re_Berlin,magistrat warQs fo r maw es have established prizes arelruce an exrrants, upon principles calculated ertehnetlasmtoral effect. These prizes conduct, vide( ' into the 29thilZ on ac e s for different grades of good award which took place Iniemsfor ext r " the female servants received pre and 44 ales aordi nary good conduct, and 22 males the serviceof ) Who had lived the longest period e in d certificate the same masters with unblemished e s, received the rewards for that class. th e - Th it ! a xina, lun service of these 66 persons was 28, The 13 years. e Zeit has the following Numerous complaints have been made of the treat- Tent (beliandlung) to which goods transitory through AUstria were subject. We have great satisfaction in rs r t ,' a ting that through the representations of the Prussian "/evernment, that of Austria has readily adopted man c ures for removing part of the evil, and every prospect exists of the rema i n d er b e i ng soon se t as id e. " Doctors Abarbanell and Ries (mentioned in the Police notice above cited as having been well-known agitators for the subversive party) have published a refutation of this charge, and declare that they shall take the necessary legal measures to prote3t their honour and rights. Englishmen, or those of the United States, pro- Posing to trav e l i n G e rmany, will do well not to "ring with them, as commonly the case, especially with the latter, the so-called ealabrese, or any other nlissliapen hats whatever. If they do, th ey mus t submit to the consequences, which will either be Police interference or other inconvenience. The remaining naval stores, arms, ammunition, s old so forth, of thee x-G erman fl ee t, are t o b e 'old by auction at Geestemunde, below Bremen, on the 18th inst. BELGIUM. The installation of the Duke de Brabant, eldest Ron of the Ki ng o f the Belgians, as member of the Se nate, took pl ace at Brussels. on April 9, with ag r eat ceremony. All t h e Ministers, high function , and and members of the diplomatic .body were PreE'ent on the occasion, in grand costume, and the Palac e of the Senate was guarded by a considerable Illleaher of troops, to do honour to the presump tive heir of the Crown, who has just attained his 'flaiori Cy. The young prince, before taking his Rehe at, swore fidelity to tlie Constitution, and was proclaimed a- member of th e S enate b y the 4-rillee de Ligne. THE NATIONAL DEBT-RESOLUTIONS OP TNE CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER. ( From the Times City Article.) • The resolutions of the Chancellor of the Exchequer , regarding the national debt have, upon the whole, been received in the city with satisfaction, since iu their amended form they are in a great measure free from the features which had at first excited alarm. Consols there fore have been steady throughout the day at quotations slightly below those which prevailed when it was thought there was danger of an improvident bargain for the country in favour of the fundholder, but sufficiently high to denote that there is now an expectation of ultimate advantage for all parties. From the explanations, the immediate course contem plated by the Chancellor of the Exchequer can now be concisely stated. In the first place, the holders of the various petty 3 per cent. stocks to the extent of 9,500,000/. are to be paid off at their own option, either in money or by the substitution of 821. 10s. Three-and-a-Half per Cents., yielding 21. 17s. 9d. ; 1101. Two-and-a Half per Cents., yielding 21. 155., or an Exchequer bond of 1001. for 40 years, yielding 21. 15s. for a certain portion of that term, and 21. 10s. for the remainder ; such option to be determined on or before the 3d of June next. Be yond this, as ragards the 500,000,00 CE. Three per Cents., known as Consols and Reduced, the holders are to have the privilege of changing them for 34 per cent. stock at the rate of 821. 10s. for every 1001. of the Three per Cents. to any extent they may think proper. They will also have the privilege, to the extent of 30,000,0001., of changing them either for 1101. Two-and-a-Half per Cents., or for 1001. Exchequer bonds, subject, apparently, to any diminution of that amount which may arise from the holders of the 9,500,0001. that are to be paid off having previously accepted these securities, the total issue of each of which is not to exceed 30,000,0001. The time allowed for the latter operation—that is to say, for the conversion of Colisols and Reduced—is to the 10th of October next. While the general scope of the plan is' thus specified, there are several points of detail on which, for the benefit of the public, the Chan cellor asks a discretionary power, in order that he may ultimately make the best practicable bargain. For in stance, the period during which the Exchequer Bonds are to bear 24 per cent, is not to exceed 10 years, but in the proposals for their issue that term may be shortened, if it should been found expedient, and the Government may also arrange to reserve to themselves the power of paying off these bonds at the end of 40 years, or of con tinuing them at 24 per cent. With regard to the mode in which the persons desirous of changing Consols or Reduced for such portion of the Two-and-a-Half per Cents, or of the Exchequer Bonds as shall remain after the holders of the 9,500,0001. of the petty 3 per Cents. shall have made their selection is to be effected, the Chancellor proposes that the power shall be left to be exercised by the first comers, and that the books shall be closed as soon as the limit of 30,000,0001. shall have been reached. This, however, may be found highly objectionable, since, if the number of applicants should be such as to desire 40,009,000/. or 50,000,000/. instead of 30,000,0001., the result would be a mere scramble. As it stands, however, in its present modified state, all violent objection to the general scheme has evidently subsided, and, while its main features are regarded with satisfaction, there is also a confident feeling arising from the disposition manifested by the Chancellor to avail himself of such rational views as public discussion may bring forth, that it will assume a final shape, such as will meet the approval of most persons. .tit the same time the idea of sanctioning the creation of any form of stock that will ultimate increase the nominal amount of the debt, even although on a limited scale, is regarded with unconquerable aversion. From the first the faCt was recognised that the contemplated reduction of interest would, if the saving were applied to a sinking fund, return far more at the end of 40 years than the 101. additional principal proposed to be created, and likewise that, the security being an an nuity, and not a debt which can be claimed, the chief point both for present and future generations to consider, supposing that there is no hope or intention of wiping it off, is to look, not at the amount of the principal, but at the annual payment which it involves. The public, however, with great propriety, are indisposed to sanc tion anything that shall look like a declaration that the capital is never intended to be paid, and, however distant and difficult the prospect may be, they would be pained to witness any step that should cause it to appear more impracticable than ever. They are aware, moreover, that there are methods by which so long as the creation of stocks at a low rate of interest is avoided, the extinction of the national debt, although it may take centuries, can still be rendered certain, and that in one part even of the Chancellor's present plan an illustration of this fact is furnished. He proposes to create a Three-and-a-Half per Cent. Stock, which will effect a reduction of 171. 10s. in the principal of the debt, and become liable to be paid off at par at the end of 40 years. When that period arrives the Minister of the day may offer the holders a still smaller amount of stock, upon condition that they shall be again exempted from the dread of reduction for a further term ; and this process might go on at inter vals of 20, 30, or 40 years, un3 ll _ our liabilities had dwindled to a .point at which their payment, even in money, would not be difficult. With the creation of a Two-and-a Half per Cent. Stock all reasonable hope of any such consummation is removed. Some persons appear to think that the rate of money is to go on declining, and that it will at a future day be as easy to reduce Two-and-a-Half per Cents. to Two pa. Cents. as it would now be to convert Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. to Threes ; but this is merely a result of the fallacy that the gold dis coveries are to have some wonderful effect on the rate of interest. Inasmuch, however, as the only alteration they can produce in that respect will be by opening up new countries, so as to increase the profits of commerce, and render the use of capital more valuable, whatever influence they exert must be exactly in an opposite di rection. Under these circumstances the public will still regret that the creation of the Two-and-a-Half per Cents. has not been altogether expunged from the scheme, leaving the proposed Three-and-a-Half per Cents. and the Exchequer bonds to be fairly tested. With the pre sent option the state of feeling as regards the Three-and a-Half per Cents. will not be tried in any way. A belief prevails that in the absence of a more attractive alternative they would have been taken to a con siderable extent, and so strongly is the tide of opinion in favour of this mode of conversion, that it would have been desirable to improve the terms rather than to substitute any other system. As regards the be lief that the Chancellor has been premature in propos ing any alteration, and that by waiting a little while he might have done much better, it is to be remarked, that there is little to warrant such a conclusion, since the in creasing multitude of new companies brought out every week, together with the threat of one flagrant foreign loan, if not of several others, shows that the public, after exhibiting for years a childish timidity from which no thing could arouse them, have embarked on a tide that will prevent all prospect of a renewed glut of money, and must some day end in severe pressure. If they would be content with the things they have already un dertaken, there would be no danger but, although these should be considered sufficient for the next two or three years, they will go on every day addinr , to them in an increasing ratio until they have contrived ' to bring dis credit upon the whole. The quotations of Exchequer-bills to-day were again merely nominal, and doubts increase as to the possibility of their maintaining their ~ osition. At the same time, however, there is much Tr ',Apprehension as to the degree in which the contemplated Exchequer bonds are calcu lated to compete with them. Many persons speak as if there were scarcely any difference between them, ex cept the difference of in ',erect, but the fact that one is always redeemable within twelve months, and that the other is to be for 40 years, is a distinction sufficient to show that while Exchequer-bills consti tute an excellent banking security, the bonds, ex cept in very small amounts, can never approach to that position. Apart from the higher rate of in terest, however, there are so many facilities con templated in the new bonds, such as the half-yearly coupons, the absence of any necessity for sending them in to be renewed, and probably the arrangement for the interest being payable at the branches of the Banks of England and Ireland, as well as at the head establishments, that unless some new inducements are given to the holders of Exchequer bills, the temptation to prefer the bonds will, perhaps, under almost all cir cumstances, prove too strong. In a great measure the difficulty might be met by restoring to Exchequer bills the especial value they possessed as a banking security, when they were at all times receivable for the payment of duties. Some years back this feature was altered, and the value of the bill weakened for no useful purpose whatever, since, by giving notice of an in crease of interest, any inconvenient tender of them could be at once stopped ; and, if the step were now re traced, it would be an advantage both to the Govern ment and to the mercantile community. AUSTRALIAN MAIL CONTRACT. =The Royal Austra lian _Mail St eam C ompany h ave rece i ve d no ti ce f r om the HOSPITAL of the withdrawal of the i r contract. FOR C ONSUMPTION, B ROMPTO N . —Yesterday morning .a, sermon mnr _ aid of the above charity was de gentleman l c iv a e ri r t e o d n a t a S n t e . , m.A k . s Chur ch, D. Kennington, by the Rev. the good effectedsibnylthe of a of the g the reverend the ev e afflicted district institution, t a au veryt varietyio n en eloqu e nt t clou m fe nestrtealtyi d i scou r se,s t a i m es o n o g e_6.30-. ',don of the metropolis, but of was established for a c l ass Kingdom. The hospital claims upon the benevcolaesnst.of patients having peculiar The which had marked th e career of theca e c a i n r e s al u t m i oann as i nce e i n to t commencement, and the facilit i esimd rendered the hospitalafforded f or th e treat ment of a most trying mal a d y, one of the most important in the tryv.ineAselribv;.l I c collection l f e u c r t t i h o e n r a w fd a s o made the e e s a a t in t e h e conclusio n benevolente a u o u n f n_e d , i the Mar qui s of Westminster has undertaken to preside over the an niversary in June next. LAUNCH Or THE ELFIN WOOLWICH STEAM-PACRI.* —The directors of the Woolwich Steam-Packet CoEm pany, in order to keep pace with the improvem ents in steam-packet construction, have had another fast boat, built by Mr. Thompson, at Rotherhithe, added to their little fleet of fast river steamers. At 20 minutes before two o'clock on Saturday last, the directors, with their friends, proceeded from Woolwich to the Commercial dock, and shortly after three o'clock the ceremony of christening the new vessel was performed by Miss Col lins, a granddaughter of one of the directors, and the Elfin glided into the water amidst the cheers of the nu merous spectators of the scene. Mr. 0. W. Lang, as sistant to the master shipwright at Chatham dockyard from whose design, similar to those of the Dryad fast steamer, the Elfin was built; was present, and the launch took place to the entire satisfaction of all present. The Elfin is to be fitted with the engines formerly used in the Ariel, and it is expected she will prove one of the fastest boats belonging to the company. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 11, 1853. TILE SEARE MARKETS. MINES. LITERATURE. 1 all Agua Fria 10s. all Anglo Californian _ r p 10 2 Australasian — 1 p 20 5 Australian 4i p 1 all Australian Cordillera p 1 all Australian Freehold. dis— p 1 1 all Ave Maria 1 all Baden (Gd. Duchy of) par P 1 all British Austrin. Gold a p 11: 20 13.5 British Iron 6 8 35 241 Brazilianlmp.(issued at ,E 5 pm 5 51 5 30 all Do. Cocaes & Culada 61 7 7 20 15 Do. St. John Del Rey 30 —3l 1 1 Carsons's Creek par 4 P 40 all Cobre Copper 47 48 5 1 Colonial Gold 24 21 34 4 14 Copiapo 6 7 Si. all Copper Min. of Eng B5 95 25 all Do. Pref. 71 p. cent B/ —9l p 5 all English and Austin Copper Smeltg. Co l4 1 d 20 all General l7 —l9 2 all Great Nugget Vein ll —2l p 3 1 F , 3 all Great Polgooth . 1 all Lake Bathurst idis— par 1 all Liberty g - p 1 all Lond.&Califom.Gold Quartz Crush. Co_ id ie 1 all Mariquita. 10 9 31exican&S.Amerien. 7 84 7i g. 1 all New Granada - P 1 all Nouveau Monde 50 all 1111111 1 111 vv v United o o nheue t iys t tset t P amGnA h eaN i ,uyial l i Australian.. Granada aroi dcos Mariposa..,,,,,, Mexican n. .. :a: 7 - I T. 2616484:pppp 2 5- 1 all Quartz Rock . ........ 15 Do. New 30 10 Santiago de Cuba__ 6 7 10 7 Tin Croft ....... ....... . 11 13 2 11 8 1 1 1 all Waller Ad p par 4 p 1 all Yuba ,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, # P JOINT-STOCK BANKS. 40 all Australasia . . ........ 92 93 92 50 all British N. Ame r i ca n 20 2 Chrtd. Bnk. of India, Australia, & China 1 1 41 , 100 25 Colonial — 100 20 Commercial of Lond — ... 10 Enblish Scottish and Australian 2l 2i p 20 121 Lond. Chart. Bk. of Australia 3 —44 p 50 20 London and County ~, 50 10 London Joint Stock 100 20 Lond. & Westminster ... 34 5 20 2 London Bank of Aus tralia and India 50 221 National of Ireland ,,, 25 all Oriental Bank of Corporation 541 —sslxd 25 5 Do. New — 100 25 Provincial of Ireland _ 481, 10 all Do. New — 5 1 Royal Australn.Bkg & Gold Imp Co 4 dig par 25 all South Australia 49 51 25 all Union o; Australia 77 78 21 Do. New Bl 9 50 10 Union of London 175. 40 all Union of Madrid........- MISCELLANEOUS 100 35 Australian Agricult. 95 98 95 20 4 Australsn.Pcific.Mail 10 5 Australn. Royal Mail 381 Brit. American Land ... 72 100 32/ Canada — 5 5 Crystal Palace 4 2 Crystal Pal. of France . 20 1 Eastern Steam — 1 1 Electric Teleg. of Ir — 15 14 Gen. Steam Navigat — 100 50 General Screw Steam _ 20 21 Irish Beetroot Sugar _ 1 all Nat. Pat. Steam Fuel „ „, 10 2 Netherlands Land — „, 5 2 500 0 21115 2 1 1 P N e rt np h in . os o .ul f E a uAop o e r S i ? n a ta l 100 60 Royal Mail Steam 25 1 215 Submar.South A u rr stal.L ei r egi.ap a b n . d . 5:3 50 5 2 Univeral Emigrr Lion and Colonization _ 100 28i Van Diemen's Land 21i —22 A, 20 BRITISH RAILWAYS. Chamois Hunting 'in the Mountains of Bavaria. By Charles Boner. Chapman and Hall. This interesting work consists of various sketches of chamois hunting in Southern Germany. It is neither a work of fiction nor the relation of extra ordinary achievements or perils. The author simply endeavours to describe chamois hunting as it is ; he presents to the reader a narrative of his adventures in the Bavarian mountains, describing the habits and peculiarities of their inhabitants, both human and animal. The perpetual warfare that exists between the jagers (keepers) and the poachers resembles much the border warfare of the Cheviots in olden times, when each pass and road was watched ; their mutual hatred is so great that in some parts they fire at each other whenever they get a chance. There is scarcely a ridge or pass that has not some tale of deadly struggle or secret murder. The mountains possess a charm which the Bavarian cannot resist, and out lie must be with his rifle, although he knows that if he pass any spot where a jager is concealed, he will, in all probability, be shot dead. The description which the author gives of the chamois is interesting. " The Chamois is no goat, but belongs to the antelope genus (Antilope rupocapra) of which it is the only speci men inhabiting Europe. It is larger and more strongly built than a roebuck, and is much heavier. A good buck will weigh 551 b., and one above 601 b. is a particu larly fine fellow. My friend, Count Arco, has, however, shot some that weighed 741 b. and 821 b. But such are rare and difficult to get at ; for these old bucks remain alone in their inaccessible fastnesses and the most se cluded places ; and it is only when the winter has set in, and the rutting season begun, that there is any chance of seeing thew. In order to do so, the hunter must brave the intense cold, as well as all the dangers of a re gion of snow and ice, for he will be led to places where good nerves are required, not to feel overcome with - horror at the scene around. The hair of the chamois changes its colour at various seasons of the year, as is _ the case with the roe and the red and fallow deer. In summer their coat is of a red yellowish brown ; in autumn it grows much darker, and in winter is quite black. But though the changes here indicated may be looked upon as the general rule, there will often be found in the same herd one or more differing strikingly from the rest, of a buff colour perhaps, while all the rest are of a reddish brown. The hair of the forehead, around the nose and lower jaw, and the inside of the ears, is of a yellow ish tinge, and remains throughout the year the OlbErlf. The belly, the inside of the legs, and the shaggy hair that overhangs the hoofs are also of this colour, and never change ; the black stripe too on both sides of the head, extending from the eyes to the corners of the mouth, remains a striking feature under every circum stance. The outer hair is long and coarse ; that over the ridge of the back is of greater length than on any other part of the body, especially in winter, and of this the ornament " Gems-hart " is made. Each hair is tipped with white ; so that when a number of exactly the same length are bound together and spread out like a fan, a white line is seen to border the black surface, and presents a pretty appearance. The longer the hair the more it is esteemed for this purpose. The eye of the animal is large, dark, and intelligent ; it is full of anima tion ; but this, in its expression of keen watchfulness, is the animation of fear. It carries its head erect, and its graceful ears pointed as if prepared against surprise. The horns, which are black rise from the head just above and between the eyes ; they are round and rougher at the base, but incline somewhat to flatness towards the top, which is smooth and polished. They do not stand up perpendicularly, but slant forward at right angles to the forehead ; their points, which are very sharp, being bent back and downwards. This feature is not peculiar to the buck alone ; there is, however, considerable dif ference between the horns f the male and female, which often assists the sportsman in distinguishing the two. The horns of the male chamois are thicker and alto gether stronger looking than those of the female ; and instead of diverging from each other in so straight a line as hers generally do, their outline describes a a slight curve as they rise upwards and apart from each other. But a still more striking characteristic of the buck is, that the points of his horns are bent much more inwards than those of the doe, hers from a semicircular curvature towards the back , while his, turning over abruptly, form rather a hook. This gives the head quite another expression ; it has something more resolute about it, as well as a dashing air and a look of bravado. The horns of a very good buck will be seven inches high, but I have seen some that much exceed this measure ment. The head of the chamois is admirably constructed for uniting strength with the greatest possible lightness. The frontal bones are extremely thin, so much so, in deed, that they would of themselves be liable to fracture on the slightest casualty. But to make them strong, and at the same time retain their lightness, a second set is thrown over the first, and the space between is divided into cells formed by the arched girders of solid bone, which uphold the roof, and bind both together. The system which Nature has here, adopted, is exemplified in the cells in the upper and lower parts of the tube that forms the Britannia Bridge. There is perhaps no animal so peaceful, and at the same time so timid, as the cha mois. Nature, therefore, besides endowing it with a facility of climbing into the most inaccessible places, and thus avoiding pursuit, has enabled it to guard against the approach of danger by the great acuteness of its senses of sight, smell, and hearing. It is this that makes it so very difficult to get near them. A rolling stone, or a spoken word, at nnoe at tracts their attention ; and they will look and listen to discover whence the sound has come that breaks the silence of their mountain solitude. For an incredible time they will then stand gazing fixedly in one direction, quite immovable, and if it happen to be towards some thing .in your neighbourhood that their attention has been attracted, you must lie still indeed to escape their observation. The eyes of the whole flock will be fixed on the spot in one long steady stare ; and as you watch them from afar, they almost look like fragments ofrock, •so motionlesS are they while they gaze. You begin to hope that they have found no cause for alarm, when, Phew !' the sharp whistle tells they have fathomed the mystery, and away they move to the rocks overhead. Unless panic-stricken, they stop from time to time to look behind; and then uttering the peculiar shrill sound, again move on A chamois, when dashing down the mountain will suddenly stop, as if struck by a thunderbolt, some yards from the spot where recent human foot-prints are to be found in the snow, and turning, scared away, rush off immediately in an opposite direction. The taint which tha presence of the hunter has left behind is perceived by it long after he has passed. The agility of the chamois has become almost proverbial ; but to have any idea of what it is, one must be an eye-witness of the bounds they make, and see the places they will race down at full speed when pursued. A smooth surface of rock, so smooth that a footing there seems impossible, and of nearly perpendicular steep ness, is no obstacle to their flight. Down they go, now bounding, now gliding, with a velocity which seems to insure their being inevitably dashed to pieces. The chief strength of the animal is in its hind legs, which, if ex tended, would be longer than the others. n this account it springs upwards with more ease than it descends the mountain and on level ground ground its walk is clumsy and ungraceful. It is not made to run, but bounds along over the ground. The hoof is cloven, long, and pointed, and the slot of the chamois resembles that of the sheep. The edges are sharp, which causes it to slip easily on the ice, and on this account it rather avoids passing the glaciers. When standing, the hind legs are always bent, as if the animal were preparing to lie down, which no doubt helps considerably to break the fall when leaping from a great height. Notwithstanding this, croup is still somewhat higher than the fore part of the body. The elastic force with the hind legs is immense. With a sudden bound the chamois will leap up against the face of a perpendicular rock, and, merely touching it with its hoofs, rebound again in an opposite direction to some higher crag, and thus escape from a spot where, without wings, egress seemed impossible. When reaching upwards on its hind legs, the fore hoofs resting on some higher spot, it is able to stretch to a considerable dis tance, and with a quick spring will bring up its hind quarters to a level with the rest of the body, and with all four hoofs close together stand poised on a point of rock not broader than your hand. On narrow over hanging ledges some thousand feet high they walk and gaze about enjoying the security from pursuit which such spots afford." Mr. Boner has received much valuable informa tion from his friend, Count Arco, who is a first-rate authority in all that relates to the chase. " His collection of (at Munich) antlers, of the red deer, and the roebuck, with a fair number of the horns of the chamois, is perhaps the finest in the world. Never were antlers of such magnificent size and strange forMation collected together. 30,0001. has been offered and refused." The chamois possesses a fascination over the hunter as powerful as the serpent over a bird—he can not resist the influence. Count Arco's de scription of a feat he once performed when in pur suit of a wounded chamois is one of the most daring ever attempted. He had wounded a chamois, and, as is usual with those animals, it had climbed up wards, and at length gone along a narrow ledge of rock jutting out from the perpendicular side of the mountain, some 3,000 feet above its base, and hav ing advanced about 200 yards, reached a spot where a few shrubs were growing, and laid down and died. From an opposite mountain the Count could see him, and being determined to possess the prize, in spiLe of the remonstrances of his companions he ventured on the ledge, accompanied by a forester and a woodcutter. He describes the ledge as being at its widest parts not more than 17 inches, and in some parts only 7 inches, with an almost perpendi cular rock on one hand and a precipice on the other, so that to advance at all he was obliged to face the rock and move on side-ways. When he had proceeded about half-way, suddenly he came to a cleft in the pathway of about 5 feet. It was too wide to step and impossible to jump, so they had to return and cut down a small tree, and drag it after them to form a bridge. In re turning, the Count rays that he felt for the only timein his life a feeling of fear and nervousness come over him ; it was not giddiness, but fear in contemplating the difficulties before him, and he drained his spirit flask, and sat down with his legs hanging over the ledge for a quarter of an hour to recover himself. A curious anecdote is related of an idiot who wanders about the Bavarian moue_ tains. He has been up th e p ea k s o f almost all the mountains in Bavaria. The Zug Spitz, the ascent of which is very difficult, and has only be en mom _ o RAILWAYS. 'Closing Prices ' Rifeness done Saturday. this day. 29 - 3O 6k- 9 - 104 7 i 6,1 d 21 22 34 24 (11 103 105 64i —6s.ixcl 22 224 19 20 -- 3p 8 - 9 51 -- 5i 3' 4 131 -- 1311 10 -- 11 7i - 73 - 75 55 - 57 73 75 32 34 62 64 82i • 83,i 47 49 ;123 - 125 108 109 92 -• 92i 6g 74 I 92 94 13 —134 p 771 77 4i —4,1 d 34 3d 16j-16 9i 94 2 p 104 165 120 1 1201 —3 p Ig— -93i 5 4c. 4 3 d 10 11 19 21 30 31 721 —75 i 43 45 51 -- 53 3i -- 3 g s t -- 3 d St -- 3A 8A -- 9A 53 -- 55 21 2fi d 85 —36 41 - 4 (1. 8 - 81 2i - 3i p 53i - 54 98 - 100 61 - 63 65 - 67 73 76 ... dis 18 20 9 10 14 15 3d 203 21.3 76i 764 37 39 123 13 4 44 19 21 1 . 33 14 153 9 29 31 94 9i d p • - 69 - 70 rA - 7 d 23 59A —60 i Aberdeen Ambg. Nottng. Bost. & Fastn. June Birmng. Wolvern Stour Valley .. Birkenhd. Lancsh di Cheshire Junct Do. Cliesh. & Birk., £5O & £25 Cons.... IDo., £2O. Bristol & EseSer Caledoniar..... ....... Chester & Holyhead Cork and Bandon.... Cork, Black. & Dublin&Belfast June. Dundee Perth &Aber deen Junction ....... IDo. New ..... East Anglian (£25 L. & E. & L. & D.) Do., (£lB E. & H.) Eastern Counties Eastern Union, Class A. late E. U. Sh Do., do.. Do., B. & C East Lancashire East & West Ind. Dk. & Binning. June , Edinburgh & Glasgow' Edinb. and Peebles Edinb. Prth. &Dundee Glasgow & S. Western Great Northern Stk Do., A. Stock )0., B. Stock Gt. 'Sth.&West.(lre.) Great Western........ Irlth South-Easters Lancaster & Carlisle.. Do., Thirds Lancash. &Yorkshire Do., ft' is ....... Do., Wst. Riding Ern. (Leeds Northern 'Liv.Crsby.&Soutb:pt. London & Blackwall Loud. Tilb. & Mend. Lond.Briglt.&S.Cst. London & N. Western Do. Fifths D0.,10/.5h.,Md;8...q London & S.W.' '..ern! Do £5O Do., DSO &online; Ludndrry. & Enuisk.' Nfanch.S 7. &Linoln. Do., Mai. &Lin. Un.l aZidland . Do. Bina' ig.& Derby , Nfidlano Do. Slat vs . ' Newcastle & Carlisle.. Newmarket IDo. Buiy Newpt.Aber Newry & Newry Warr3upoint 1 di Rostrevor Norfolk.. Do., New ......... Northn. Count' es Un North British I worth Devon, N 0.1.. Do., No. 2. IDc., A Deferred._ 'Do., 4 B Gua'anteed 'North Staffordshire.. North Western........ N. & S. Westrn. Junc. Oxford Worcester & Wolvei namp ton Scottish Central Scottish Midland Shrews )ury & Bum Do., L. & N. Westn. Guaranteed Stock Shrewaby...z Herold Shrewsby. & Chester (Nor. W. Min.) Do. Falves, do. Do. Oswestry (Shropshire iluiop South Devou ......... South Eastern South Wales S. Yorksh. River Dun iDo Stockton & Hartlepl Thames Haven Dock and Railway Vale of Neath.. Waterfd. & Kilkenny' Waterford&Lime - ick West Cornwall.. Wmbled on &Croydon 'Woodford . . York Newctl. &Berw. Do. Extensions....... Do. G.N.E. Purchase York & N. Midland.. PREFERENCE SHARES 'Aberdeen .. Do., No. 2, 7 p. Bris. & Ex. 4 p. c. St. Do. 4 p. c. Shares Caledonian £lO Chester & Holyhead Guar. 52 per cent Cork &Bandon 5i p.c Dundee Perth&Aber deen Junction EastA nglian (£3 /Os) 6 per cent...........: Do. (.£:5) 7 per cent.. Do. (1:717s) 7 p. ct.. Eas.eru Counties Ex tension, 5 p. c. No.l Do., No. Do., New 6 p. c. St.. Eastern Union, Scrip Gnar. 5 .er cent. EastLancash. 6 p.cts. Edinb.h:thArDundec 52 per ..... Glasgow & S.Western guar. 5 per cent.... Great Northn. 5 P.C. Do. 5 p. c., Redeem., at 10 p. c. ,rem Gt. Southn. ;SzWestn. (Ireland):' ghths... Gt. Westr. I.'erks & Hants Ex. 5 p. c.).. G. West. fix. p c. lan. :s York. 17. £2O, Do., ki p. c., London a - f.O. Brighton Guarar Lzeil 5 p. c... Do. Pre., 5 p. c. S. Do. Convertib'e, sp. c., 1852. . Do. New Gs—. 6p.c. London & S.Western, Con. lords . Londonderry& Coler. Shares . . • Londy. & Ennis. Manch. ,Sb ef. , d. Liu., Shares, No. 1...... Do. New, £lO Maryp b. . 4 p. c Do. 4, per cent ............ ....... Mid. Consol. 6 p. c. SL. Do. Consol. Bristol & Dm. 6 per cent Do. Pref. 4i per cent Norfolk Ex ension Do. Guar. 5 1 per ct Do. Way. Val. 5 p c North Bs: , sh : North Staffordshire Oxford Worcester & Wolverh. £15,6 p. c Do Shrews& Birm. If. G. Shrewsby. & Cheedr (Nor. W.Min),B p. c. Do. 5 per cent.. South Devon Do. New S. Eastern (Reading Ann.,) of £1 Os. 6d. S.Yo.eksh.4p. c. Guar. Watertil. &Kilk: 6p. c. York Newcastle and Berwick, 4 p.c.Pref Do York & N. Midland H. & S. Purch 1106 - 108 105 - 107 19 20 i d i t, 6 64 1 -1,3 p -2 p - 1 4 1), 141 - 15 18} -• 19 } h - 3il iii - 129 1111 - 113 8/ - 8i 106 - 74 108 1 c[-8p 151 153 xd ad 150 - 153 3 i - 3 i 10 - 11 13, - 8 - 9 lot lli l 2 1 i P, j 1.48 —lsoxcl " 224 23 _ 61 10— 2 8 1 10 25 26 •2 A 10i -- 11 17 -- 18„i -- lip 14 -15 A par -- 4P 251 -26 i 19 -- 20? id -- spar: 101 -- 103 54 P - FOREIGN. Antwerp&Rotterdam BelgianEastn..Junct Charleroi & Erquelin Dijon and Besanpn Dutch Rhenish East Indian . Do. Extension Gt. Indian Peninsula Gd. Junct. of France Gt. Western of Canada Shares Lucca & Pistoja sp. c pref...... ..... ......... Luxembourg Do. (Railway) Do. Do. (Canal) Do. 6 p. ct. Lyons & Mediterrar I Madras Namur Liege (wLI interest;) Do. (ex interest) Northern of France Do. 90/. 3 p. c. Bds (fray: B. Ams. Shs.) NorwegiailrunkPref Paris and Lyons Paris and Orleans 'aria and r mien 'ti 's and Stra3bourg ParisCaen Cherbl Quebec &I' ehmord Rouen and Havre— Sambre and Meuse Do. .5i p. ct. pref Southern oi France Upper Ire'a Scrip West Flanders.. Do. 5} per c. Pref West3rn of France West. of Switzerland IZealaUd., 1 l d - 15 2 —2& p 2 -- 2 dirs 5 6 p 1 2 1 1 -4 r 7i 8 41] 5 li li li 2 )ar 4p 11 p 2 2ip 7A - 8 5 - - 6 36 - 361 14 -- 15 8i -- 9- 181 -18 p 42A -- 43 41i -42 h 33g -- 34 a 20 -- 2 1 9# -- 91 44 —54 p 4 i 5 i p 9 - 10 p id 1 LLOYDS' SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.) at Noon, N., light DEAL, Aprillo.—Wind, W. ; p.m., N. Arrived—Cadet, br L ee o z N e, n a o n x d , d A u p l r olo l u l d .— y Sydney, N.S.W. ; Apropos, Porto Rico. A rr i ve d from the River--Lord Sidmouth, for Quebec ; Trit on , d o . Ar rived from th e Ri ver , a nd sailed—Ro s t oc k , f or M e lb ourne ; Celestial, Madras ; Vivid, Buenos Ay res ; Ch i i s ti ana, N ew W we i a n t d he th r. is day York; Elizabeth, Quebec; Watchful, Port Philip; Wil liam, Quebec; Jonen Annando, do. LIVERPOOL, April 10.—Wind, N.N.W. Arrived — Eleanor Thompson, Mobile ; Neptune, Galveston ; Janet Kidston, Mobile; Wm. Tap2c,ott, do. ; Albeit Gallaton, New York ; Canada (s), Boston, left 30dt inst. Sailed— Evadne, Calcutta ; Favourite, Melbourne ; Duchess of Lancaster, Singapore ; Phoenican, Pernambuco ; Imperial, St. John's, N.B. Off Port—Black Cat, Tagus, and Inca. DOVER, April 10.—Wind, W. Arrived—J. W. Bad duke, Galveston for Bremen, with damage, having been in contact; Vivid, London for Buenos Ayres, with loss of bowsprit, &c., from contact with a brig off Bea.z.by Head. COWES, April 10.—Wind,11 - . Arrived —Mom, London, for Trinidad. PORTSMOUTH, April 10.—Wind, W. Arrived—H.M.'s steamer Scorpion, Bermuda. Sailed—Coromandel, Hobart Town. RYA'', April 10.— The Virginia, London to Naples, came on shore to-day, waterlogged, from contact with a barque, will be got off next tide. SOUTHAMPTON, April 10.—Wind, N.E. Sailed—Harp ley, Australia, ' • Teviot (s), Brazils ; Avn., Quebec. PLYMOUTH, April 10.—Sailod—Princ ess Queb ec; Roce, do. ; Agnes, do. . FALMOUTH; A p ril 10.—Arrived—Wreath, Matanzas ; Novo Veneedor, Pernambuco. Sailed—Nor man , Ri o Janeiro ; Countess of Durham, Quebec ; Yorkshire Lass, ds. • Gem, Geelong; One or °Dui, Melbourne. WEYMOUTH.—SaiIed —Naiad, St. Thomas' ; Atlantic, Quebec. CLYDE, April 9.—Arrived—Fluere de Marie, Pernam buco ; Fama Habanera3, Matanzas ; Luconia, New York ; Huron, St. John's, New Brunswick ; Glasgow (s), New York ; Barton, St. John's, Newfoundland. Sailed— Mary Mortis, New York; Leo, ditto; Coll;ng wood, Dal housie, New Brunswick. LEITH, April 9 .—Sailecl—Royalist, Quebec ; George, Quebec. DUBLIN, Apr.:l 9.—Arrived—Di a na Barbadoes. SWANSEA, April 10.—Wi n d N.W. Sailed, Francais Ham, Calcutta • Joinville, Polio Grande ; Madame Roeamur, Calcutta. GRIMSBY, April 10.—Wind, S.E. Sailed—Matbilde, Porto Plata. GOALL.—Arrived—Jan e Erskine, Pernambuco. ELSINORE, April s.—The Caspian, of and from Whitby, put in here leaky, Mar c h 31, having been on shore, must repair. _ _ MALTA, April 2.—Fhe Amphetrite, Odessa to England, put in here, March 26, leaky, &o. HAVANNAH, March 21.—The Luisa y Yesusa, Liverpool to this pea, was totally wrecked on Ginger Key, 16th inst. ; crew saved. _ _ _ , NAW YORK, March 26.—The Schools ! Cardenos to Cork, put into Galveston, 19th inst., very leaky. ST. PETERSBURGH.—The letters from St. Petersburgh of the Ist inst. state that the tendency of the rate of exchange was still favourable to this country, the quo tation being 38}d. to Id. ARRIVAL OF HARRIET BEECHER STOWE.—Yesterday Mrs. Stowe arrived at Liverpool, a passenger by the Royal Mail Steam-ship Canada, having leftl3oston on the 30th ult. DEPARTURE OF THE ARABIA.—LIVERPOOL, .SATUR DAY.—The British and North American Royal Mail steam-ship Arabia, Captain C. H. E. Judkins, sailed from the Mersey this afternoon, with the usual mails for the United States and the British colonies in North America. 110 passengers, and a large and valuable cargo of merchandise on fieight. Her mails were carried out in charge of Lieutenant J. Grant Raymond, R.N., Admiralty agent. The Arabia since her last trip has undergone several alterations, it being found that the floats of the paddle-wheels, which were 36 inches deep, lifted too much water, and thereby proportionably re duced her speed. To obviate this, floats of 20 inches in depth have been sub s tit u ted to the extent of half of the whole number, and the remainder will be altered before the next trip. The screw-steamer Osmanli, Captain Corbell (one of the Fox line of packets to Australia), also sailed from the Mersey, for Melbourne and Port Philip. She carried out 25 passengers and about 5,0001. in specie. Her mails are very large, the letters alone amounting to nearly 100,000. EXECUTION OF MOORE FOR THE MURDER AT ASH FLATS.—On Saturday morning, at eight o'clock, Charles Moore underwent the extreme sentence of the law in front of Stafford County Prison, for the late atrocious double murder of the old couple named Blackburn, whose bodies were discovered shockingly mutilated and partially burned in their beds. It is sL.tisfactory to know that that the unhappy culprit, in reply to the so licitations of the Revs. E. Huddleston and P. O'Sullivan, Roman Catholic priests, who have been untiring in their attendance on him since his conviction has made an ample confession of his guilt, entirely exonerating the younger Blackburn, Walsh, who was conviCoti with him, and other partie3 upon whom suspicion rested, f om any pai d cipation in the crime. On Wednesday a respite for Walsh, who was convicted with Moore, was received from the Home-office th e result of the strenuous exec Lions of th e . Hon. and Rev. A. C. Talbot, one of the visiting justices of the jail. THE GOLD MARKET._The gold of Victoria is finer in quality than that of New South Wales, and sells for half-a-crown an ounce more in the Sydney market. In Melbourne the price has gradually risen to 70s. an ounce, at which it will probably remain as long as the present wasteful system of exporting bullion and importing specie continues, and the banks continue to be able to exact an arbitrary rate of exchange—that price being about the maximum which affords a remunerating profit to the ex porter. The competition in the gold-broking trade is, of course, very great ; and on the outskirts of the busi ness hang some few dealers not distinguished for strict integrity in their transactions. A case has just been brought to light, disclosing a system of 'fraud by the in termixture of alloyed gold with genuine samples, and it is surmised that this species of fraud has been exten sively practised without having been detected. Someof the gold sent to England will probably be found, there fore, much below the standard orthe genuine metal, and thus the character of the Victoria gold may be depre ciated unjustly. To prevent frauds of this kind it has been proposed to compel every gold-broker to take out a licence from the Government ; but it is obvious that no system can exclude all dishonest persons.—Melbourne Argus. pliShed a few years ago, is little less than 11,000 feet high. He one day returned to his home, and said that he had been up the Zug Spitz. 'Every body laughed at him ; this hurt his feelings very much. He said nothing, but set off again, was absent several days, came home and told the people that he had been up the Zug Spitz again, and if they looked they would see a pole at the top. No one believed the tale now more than before, but, on looking with their glasses, there, sure enough, was the pole stuck on the highest point. Thus he not only found his way up the mountain, but bare footed and without any food, dragged a small tree up after him. He after this exploit ascended the Spitz Berg, being the only person that ever succeeded in the attempt. We find also some amusing extracts from old books of Venery, in which the most marvellous powers are attributed to the stag and other animals of the chase; amongst other wo n d ers th e stag i s supposed to live 100 years, to eat serpent s w h en ill an d o l d, to have a bone in its heart, &c. The work is embellished with several engravings by Horschelt, which are beautifully executed, representing various scenes in the mountains and the reader, on closin g the volume, will lay it aside for re-perusal. Tht, Book be ..,00k, of the Garden. By Charles M'lnto s n, F. R. P. S. P.R. S. S.A. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1. Blackwood. This is the first volume of one of the most com twaobrksota p ar le p t e e a a re n d d . ex l t t en is si n v oe onni thiscal treatise, but that is hasde voted to a practical consideration of the and arrangement of fruit gardens—the walls, hot houses, pits, frames, &c. The different styles of flower-gardens, also, engage the author's atten tion. The directions given are likely to prove eminently useful, especially as they are the work of an undoubted authority. Mr. M'lntosh being a member of three horticultural societies —the London, the Caledonian, and the Massachu se tt s, and late curator of th e R o yal Gardens of the Ki ng of the Belgians. The utmost exactness is observed in the treating of the different subjects, and one chapter is entirely devoted to " practical dia grams explanatory of the rules for laying out gardens." This first volume is entitled structural, and relates to first principles, such as the manner of laying out the grounds, the building of the walls, the heating of the hothouses, and the details of the construction of different edifices. So tho roughly has the subject been treated that it con tains 776 pages and 1,073 illustrations, many of them plates of a large size. It has been publishing for some time in five shilling parts. We presume the second, which is now in course of publication, will contain instructions to the uninitiated relating to the management and preservation of the garden when it is at length arranged, laid out, and the style of the flower-garden fixed upon, which would not be an easy task, from the variety and elegance of the specimens appended. The following account of the different national styles is interesting : "During the dark ages, gardening, like all other arts, languished ; but upon the revival of learning, the inven tion of printing, and the Reformation, commerce began to flourish and peace to prevail ; and Italy shared, to a certain extent, in those blessings. The family of the Medici revived and patronised the art of gardening in, Italy ; and their gardens, which were of the geometric and architectural styles, long served as models for most of Europe, and continued to be imitated in France, Germany, and Britain, until the introduction of the English, or, as it has been called, the natural style—the conception of Bridgman, Kent, Wright, Browne, Eines, Price, Knight, and Repton, aided by the pens of Addi son, Pope, Shenstone, George Mason, Whateley, Gray, and Mason, the poet. " Garden architecture, so far as hothouses are con cerned, has made little progress in the south of Europe, because the climate is naturally sufficiently warm to render them all but useless. There are, however, in stances of planthouses both in Spain and Portugal, as at Madrid, Coimbra, and Montser.at. These countries are, at the same time, not deficient in architectural gar dens, having, it is presumed, on the authority of Jacob, still the remains of Moorish gardens existing. Other travellers inform us that the walks of their gardens are paved with marble, bordered with parterres planted with evergreens, and shaded with orange trees ; and, however strange it may appear to us, they have con trivances under these walks by which they can force up jets of water between the joints of the pavement ; and as Sir John Carr remarks, they take much pleasure in directing the water of these reversed showers acrainst ladies.' Fountains, alcoves, terraces, statues, trellis work, temples, grottoes, covered seats, and bowers are the principal features of Spanish and Portuguese gar dens. The Dutch and French styles of gardening very much resemble each other, the characteristics of both being symmetry and abundance of ornament. The gar dens of the former are more confined, crowded with frivolous and often ridiculous embellishments, and almost invariably intersected with canals of still and frequently muddy waters. So partial are these people to water even to this day, that however limited the space it must have its place. The humidity of the climate being fa vourable to the growth of green swa - ...d, we see there grassy walks, terraces, and slopes ; and these, with their straight ca.nals, may be said to furui the really distinctive character of their grounds. The French style may be said to have arisen about the middle of the seventeenth century, during the luxurious reign of Louis xrv. In this reign the arts in France flourished, and that of gar dening received a fresh impulse by his munificence and the talent of Le Notre, the most celebrated gardener of his time in Europe. Le Notre's style rapidly spread in all improving countries. The celebrated gardens of Ver sailles constituted his grandest effort. Landscape gar dening, and the adoption of the English or natural style, were, soon after their establishment with us, introduced into Germany ; and, whether from a greater amount of baronial wealth, the spirit of enterprise, or the love of imitation, it is certain that greater progress has been made in the art in that country than in any other on the Continent. In Russia, although the climate is adverse, many of the nobles are rich, and they as well as the Emperor have most extensive hothouses and gardens. The intro duction of a taste for either cannot be carried back be yond the time of Peter the Great. Within that period all the styles of garden already noticed have been in vogue ; at present, the English style introduced by the celebrated Empress Catherine about 1768, is the most popular." It will be seen thatthe author possesses a thorough knowledge of his subject, and he has succeeded in presenting a most compendious and instructive volume to the practical gardener. The Modern Housewife or Menagere. By Alexcs Soyer. Alexis Soyer is not only one of the notabilities of the present day--one of those whose names are " familiar in our mouths as household words," but a substantial benefactor of the community in his generation. Not restricting the refinements of the cuisine to the epicure and the man of wealth, his gastronomical doctrine is eminently popular, and numberless are the grateful disciples of his art among the intelligent middle classes of the British empire. The " Modern Housewife," recently pub lished by Messrs. Simpkin and Marshall, is a volume of exceeding practical utility. It comprises nearly one thousand receipts for the economic and judici ous preparation of every meal of the day, and those for the nursery and sick-room ; with minute direc tions for family management in all its branches. Considerable improvements and additions have been introduced into this edition, and there can he little doubt but that its sale will be commensurate with its merits. From M. Soyer's pages may be learned the practicability of combining culinary economy and excellence, and hence they deserve to be adopted as a vade mecum by all families desirous of domestic comfort and regularity. Some useful hints upon carving poultry, and " Soyer's Chari table Cookery," first published in 1847, during the author's mission to Ireland, are added to the volume, which is illustrated with numerous engravings, one of which, illustrative of a letter on the physiology of tarts, pies, and pie -crust, presents two striking por traits—one "of an apple-pie as it ought to be, taken from still life"—the other, " of an apple-pie in a fit, as they often are, taken from real life." Deploring the present barbarism of the pie manufacture, the inditer of the epistle impresses the necessity of amelioration, in a process, so universally, but so inartistically practised. " Believe me," says Hortense, " believe me, I am not jesting, but if all the spoiled pies made for the dinner of one single Sunday in London were to be exhibited in a row, near a railway line, it would take above one hour, by special train, to pass in re view those culinary victims ; therefore see the im portance of the subject. If we could only rescue every year in proper standing half a mile of pies and pie -crust, I think we should deserve a piece of plate, or, at least, a piece of one of our disciples' pies. Gaze with admiration and horror on these two family portraits." It is unnecessary to enter into a detail of the fea tures of a book which will find its way into the hands of everybody, and we shall conclude our brief notice of this excellent and valuable production of the Napoleon of Cooks, by transcribing a curious calculation of the quantity of food consumed by an epicure in a period of 60 years. Hear the in structive and suggestive observations of the cg Modern Housewife" on thi s h ead, and then ac knowledge the importance of economy and atten tion in the preparati ons o f the viands which are necessary to a healthful and comfortable existence. onWhat is lif?e, after all, unl ess good digestion wait appetite "I shall propose to take 70 years of the life of an epicure, beyond which age many of that class o f bon vivants' arri ve , an d even above 80, still in the full enjoy ment of degustation, &c. (for example, Talleyrard, Cambac6 r e s , L or d Sefton, &c.) ; if the first of the said epicures, when entering on the ,tenth spring of his ex traordinary career, had been placed on .an eminence, say, the top of Primrose-hill, and had had exhibited be fore his infantine eyes the enormous quantity of food his then insignificant person would destroy before be attained his 71st year---first, he would believe it must be a delu sion; then, secondly, he would inquire where the money could come from to purchase so much luxurious extra- 25 25 St. 50 all llf, 100 11i all all all 3 100 100 1100 34 50 40 25 25 1 0 0 all 36 100 St. St. St. St. 100 100 100 100 131 20 20 50 21s. 1 100 20 111 100 IC9 all 100 5 100 all IC3 6 100 1100 all all all 100 all 100 1100 8i 184 100 100 15 10 2 3 2 . 7 4i all 1104 i d 47! 8 13i A 1 108 !921 7611 7 61 11i 161 16 120 19j 3in 30 34 B 521 76 x d 31 x d 76i i 5i xtl 9 5914 ii Pm 141 pa. 107 i 1491 51 11 IN 11A 10i 10 42i 34k 6 6 vagance ? But her* shall-leave the pecuniary expenses on one side, which a man of wealth can easily surmount when required. So now, dearest, for the extraordinary fact ; imagine on the top of the above-mentioned hill a, rushlight of a boy just entering his tenth year, sur rounded with the recherche provisions and delicacies claimed by his rank and wealth, taking merely the medium consumption of his daily meals. By closely calculating, he would be surrounded and gazed at by the following number of quadrupeds, birds, fishes, &c. —By no less than 30 oxen, 200 sheep, 100 calves, 200 lambs, 50 pigs ; in poultry, 1,200 fowls, 300 turkeys, 150 geese, 400 ducklings, 263 pigeons ; 1,400 part. ridges, pheasants, and grouse ; 600 woodcocks and snipes; 600 wild ducks, widgeon, and teal; 450 plovers, ruffes, and reeves ; 800 quails, ortolans, and doterrels, and a few guillemots and other foreign birds ; also 500 hares, and rabbits, 40 deer, 120 Guinea fowl, 10 pea cocks, and 360 wild fowl. In the way of fish, 120 turbot, 140 salmon, 120 cod, 260 trout, 400 mackerel, 300 whitings, 800 soles and slips, 400 flounders, 400 red mullet, 200 eels, 500 haddocks, 400 herrings, 5,000 smelts, and some hundred thousa n d of those deli cious silvery whitebait, besides a few hundred species of fresh-water fishes. In shell fish, 20 turtle, 30,000 °ye. tern, 1,500 lobsters or crabs, 300,000 prawns, shrimps, sardines, and anchovies. In the way of fruit, about 8601bs. of pine-apples and grapes, 600 peaches, 1,400 apricots, 240 melons, some hundred thousand plums, greengages, apples, pears, and some millions of cherries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, mulberries, and an abundanee of other small fruit, viz., walnuts, chesnuts, dry figs, and plums. In vegetables of all kinds, 5,475 lbs. weight, and about 2,4841b5. of butter, 684 lbs. of cheese, 21,000 eggs, 800 ditto plovers. Of bread, 41 tons, half a ton of salt and pepper, near 21 tons of sugar ; and, if he had happened to be a covetous boy, he could have formed a fortification or moat round the said hill with the liquids be would have to partake of to facilitate the digestion of the above-named provisions, which would amount to no less than 10,5161 gallons, which may be taken as beg low:-49 hogsheads of wine, 1,3681 gallons of beer 584 gallons of spirits, 342 liqueurs, 2,3941 gal lons of [coffee, cocoa, tea, &c., and 304 gallons of milk, 2,736 gallons of water • all of which would actually protect Wm and his anticipated property from any young thief or fellow-schoolboy, like Alexander Dumas had protected Dante and his immense treasure from the pi rates in his island of Monte Christo. You, now,:dearest, fancy that I am exaggerat i ng i n every way ; but to con vince you, and to prevent you puzzling your brain to no purpose, I also enclose you a medium scale of the re gular meals of the day, from which I have taken my g y u e a a r r t s er it 2O ar i o b u s nt w s .teohtnooflemssetahtr fart. 1 60 naceous food, vegetables, liquids,, &c. s a c n w d ts i ;out of which I have named in detail the probable delicacies that would be selected by an epicure through life. But observe that I did not count the first 10 years of his life, at the beginning of which he lived upon pap, bread and mill, &c., also a little meat, the expense of which I add to the age from 10 to 20, as no one can really be called an epicure before that age ; it will thus make the expenses more equal as regards the calculation. The following is the list of what I consider his daily meals : •' Breakfast.—Three quarters of a pint of coffee, four ounces of bread, one ounce of butter, two eggs, or four ounces of meat, or four ounces of fish. "Lunch.—Two ounces of bread, two ounces of meat or poultry, or game, two ounces of vegetables, and half a pint of beer or a glass of wine. " Dinner.—Half a pint of soup, a quarter of a pound of fish, half a pound of meat, a quarter of a pound of poultry, a quarter of a pound of savoury dishes or game, two ounces of vegetables, two ounces of bread, two ounces of pastry or roasts, half an ounce of cheese, a quarter of a pound of- fruit, one pint of wine, one glass of liqueur, one cup of co ff ee or tea ; at night one glass of spirits and water. " Now that I have given you these important details, perhaps you will give me some little credit for my exac tion and severity respecting the attention which ought to be daily paid to the indispensable and useful art of cookery by our middle classes. I shall also observe to you, that those masses of provisions above described in the expose of 60 years, have been selected, dressed, and served, by scientific hands, every real epicure choosing through life the best cook, and consequently the best of provisions, which, had they have fallen into the hands of inexperienced persons, would very likely have wasted one-third, thereby increasing the expenses, and never giving any real satisfaction to the consumer ; therefore, let us act in a small way as becomes us, as the wealthy do according to their incomes ; let every housekeeper devote more time to the study of domestic and practical economy ; and in many instances it will increase their incomes as well as their daily comforts, for, as I re marked to you that the pleasures of the table being not only the most expensive part of human luxury, but also the soul of sociability, they require more attention be. stowed upon them than is done at the present day." Glees and Madrigals. Printed for the Society, and sold by Ewer and Co. Leader and Co., and other booksellers. " Glees and Madrigals," sung by the Concordia Society, are lying before us, and remind us of the• pleasure we have derived from the able perform. ante of the same at the Society's rooms. We happen to be among those who appreciate and love the quaint compositions, in word and note, of such writers as Herrick, Carew, Lovelace, Shenstone, and Sir J. Suckling ; and such musicians as Mnrningi-An, T-TnrApy, ealleott, Webbo, and Wilbye, with a host of others of similar genius and feeling. The choral of these exquisite strains must ever afford a pure delight to all who have a soul attuned to Nature's key note ' • and, for our own part, we would rather listen to the harmony of " When the wind blows," " How sweet in the woodlands," or " Come with me, and be my love," than be doomed to sit out a " modern opera." There is something in the rhymes to these old fashioned melodies, we suspect, which materially helps the c h arm . Who will not admire the follow ins simple and pretty conceit ? " In going to nay lonely bed, As one that would have slept, I heard a wife sing to her child, That long had mourned and wept. She sighed sore, and sang full sweet, To lull the babe to rest ; That world not cease, but cried the more, Upon its mother's breast. She was full weary of her watch, And grieved with her child ; She rocked it, and rated it, Till that on her it smiled. Then did she say, Now have I found This proverb true to prove, ' The falling out of faithful friends Renewing is of love.' " Then let any one hearken to these words with Horsley's beautiful music wedded to them, and many of our every-day " ballad-mongers" will lose by the comparison, we fear. " When the wind blows in the sweet rose-tree, And the cow lows on the fragrant And the stream flows all bright and free, 'Tis not for thee, 'tis not for me, 'Tis not for any one here I trow— The gentle wind bloweth, The happy cow loweth, The mercy stream floweth, For all below. Oh ! the Spring, the bountiful Spring, She shineth and smileth on everything." We warmly congratulate the Concordia Society on the patronage it deserves and appears to meet with. Newton's London Journal. This useful repertory contains its usual account of recent patents &c., and all other mechanical and scientific intelligence. The Art Journal. The three plates of this number represent " The Suppliant, " Nymphs Bathing," and "Dr. John• son in the Ante-Room of Lord Chesterfield." They are of the usual degree of merit. No. 21 of the " Great Masters of Art is devoted to Cornelius B ega, a Dutch painter of the seventeenth centur y. "An Artist's Ramble from Antwerp to Rome le continued, illustrated. "Dress as a Fine Art's also progresses, and the figures given are numerous. The article on the " Dublin Exhibition " presents us with a number of specimens of vases and orna r , ments. The Church of England Quarterly Review. There are remarks made in this number on severd important works "Dr. Fraill's Josephus," " Niebuhr's Life and Letters." The most w or th y of attention is the first article on the " Holy resp respected. is suggletssteudnitvheartsallai universality is y Scriptures and the Hebrew Langu age ." Among other reflections on the 'vast influence an d su bli me dignity.ot r o i f ght y la n guage, familiarity prevents us from regarding it as one of this msuanbyje persons:— the highest boo ns o f Heaven. It is observed oU suppose that language is an inventions of man—that it was veiy rough and imperfect in its ori • ginal state, and became more polished and more copious as civilisation advanced, and the wants of mankind were multiplied. In the case of Adam, such a supposition is obviously untenable. The language he spoke was that which he had first heard from God, and it must therefore have been a perfect language as coming from God himself; and thefaeultyboth to comprehend its meaning and to give it utterance must have been implanted in the first man by the Creator. The child who needs to be taught to speak, and the savage who speaks only a jargon until he is better instructed, are not anomalous cases, for Adam never was a child—never was in the condition of a savage. He was created a full-grown man, perfect in body and mind, and his speech, like everything alike before the fall, was perfect—not, as is supposed, rude at first, and gradually peifeeted by use. We maintain that the primitive language was perfect, and that all deviations from this standard have been corruptions rather than improvements, when language is regarded in its highest application as having reference to spiritual and eternal things, and not merely to the things of earth and the passing events of socipl intercourse." WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL.—His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury preached a sermon yesterday morning at the church of St. Margaret, Westminster, hi the pre. sence of Vice-Chancellor Sir J. P. Wood, Mr. Whateley, Q.C., Dr. Sutherland, and a crowded congregation, in aid of the funds of this charity. The appeal produced a collection of 431. 7s. 10d. no tect ;es.- nd— two ,ish ved: 199), rerr I in. 9N rir in- n n' ,V Or the( last , veret vest 04.?°— v. Yel cu lin- ) €3° into viz.,' ) Lt349f ri O• ,-, l itec :35;,1 rO O • .01i; :40 0 SP / 011 1 the ,a tA ; ; 1 4 ° 0 - k / ld • . 1 YO4 10 0 15! et'l WO' 0 0 , no a. 6 ma 033 f WI NI ; 00 Lek ittd isl, 104 is, io of i ; ;el° acr do: re' r yeo :e° 12 25 10 25 10 1.0.6 20 / 5 St. 20 20 50 20 5 Gf 10 20