The Sun. — London, England, 1801-12-31 00:00:00

anent mare than the stipulated frctighte• after it was supported for some time, was given up. The ATTORNEY GENERAL - addressed the Jury. on behalf of the Commissioners of the Transport Board. - He said he should he ashamed of himself, if either in that Court, or anywhere else. he were to maintain, as a principle, that money might betaken out of the pocket of an individual for the purpose of putting it in the Treasury' for the public use, in any case whatever,. except such as came under the regular payment of a Tax imposed by Law. He knew he- should be asking in vain for a Verdi& of. a Jury in support of such a principle, for it was not a principle by which the power of the State was sup ported in this Country -; with us, Justice, was ad_ ministered equally between those who represented the Public on the one hand„ and the Individual - on the other ; and he hoped-no person, (loathed in the garb of office, would ever ask a Jury to deviate from that course of equal Justice. But as there had been some comments on this Case, and some warmth expressed in the course of the Cause, the Jury would excuse him, if, in at few words,' he stated the nature of the Contra& upon which this Affion arose, for he was not going to trouble his Lordship and them with any Evidence ; and he be lieved there would not he much difference between the Noble and Learned Judge and himself, and he should inamediately submit it there was, for it would be much too arrogant in him to maintain any con test with such authority ; and his Lordship had already hinted, that the. Case should be hereafter argued in the most sOlemn manner which the rules of Law admitted, namely, in the - shape Hof a Special Verdict. By the Contraft in this case, the Ship was to have a competent Crew, spe cified to be in proportion to the Tonnage ; five ;nen and boys to every too tons. This was not to be subjed to any contingent circumstances, but a positive engagement, that the men should be provided in this proportion to the tonnage of the Ship. 'lt was not a qUestion of what A. or .B. might think could be done, or could not be done, but here ' was a -clear express. stip', lation that the thing was to be done, a given num ber, five, men and boys,. for every. too tons of the Ship. The reasort of this recision in the Charter-party was this—these expeditions in which His Majesty's. Troops were embarked, were of the highest importance. It was essential that they should not be delayed in their execution after they were ordered. The terms, therefore, of the Char ter.party, were, " That - in case of loss of time, breach of orders, neglea of duty, or the inabi lity of the Ship to execute the Service in which she was employed, being made appear, the Com Mis. sioners shall be at liberty to Multi the Owner," &c. that is, they should make a reasonable deduttion out of the Freight. j'his was plain and simple ; and if the Ship was unable to proceed, the Commis sioners were not only 'empowered, but they were called 'upon to make this deduftion. Did_ he say that they should deduft any thing because the crew were reduced by the v i isitatiott of God ? God for bid he should say that should be done ; but if there was any mismanagement in any part of the voyage, the owner of the . ship was answerable. He main tained, that the desertion of the six Sailors from the ship at Quebec, was an aft which ought to have been prevented by the Captain, that implied negli gence in him,"for which his owner was answerable; for which the Commissioners were called upon to ititut the owner : they had done so—to what ex tent was not matter for inquiry, because .that was subjea to their-discretion. He was, he said, very, very particularly situated in this case. He was not merely pleading it as an Advocate, but he had a public duty to discharge upon . the subjed. He considered himself in a manner sworn in. die cause, not indeed to give evidence, but to ad upon his knowledge of the circumstances of the case. The delay of this ship at Quebec was most grievously felt, and forcibly expressed by His Royal Highness the Duke of KENT, who had declared his disappro_ . bation of the matter, which appeared to His Royal Hialmess very shameful conduct, and from which great public Inconvenience had arisen, and more Would have arisen, if the Commissioners had not resisted this claim on behalf of the Plaintiff. The que“inn here was, Whether there was not here a remissness which, without *any immediate fault on the party suing, yet in the conduct of his Agent, winch upon the • construdion of this Charter-party made him answerable, in point of law ? And he con tended for the affirmative of that proposition. There was nothing in the point of which Mr. ERSKINE had spoken concerning diseases on board ; that - had nothing to do with the question of right in the Commissioners to multi ; if it were a question whether they should beanuleted in a greater or less sum, it might come under consideration ; but that was not the case in this instance. The questions for the Jury to find were; that the ship sailed with her complementaolmen , That she arrived at Que .ar._ staid 'there bee, I i a certain number of days. That a certain number 'of men dtserted. The a certain number of others went into the hospital. That from these causes the ship was disabled from pro secuting her voyage, although reported to be fit for sea. Lord KENYON,—ldp:not think that is made out, for we are at a joss to knoW' by whom die was so reported. During the, history which was given by the evidence, a man standing at - a distance from any interest in the Cause, would not have suppdsed that the six men who deserted,the ship / had deserted from another reason than the dread they had of the dis temper on ho,:ird the ship, and they gave up four mon ths wages. What is to be the Case, ilia man's crew died, and he could not have any other ? This - case is not like the case of a common carrier ; that is an excepted case. 'lf the Jury think that these Sailors. deserted through fear of the distemper in the ship, it . shbuld be taken, whether that is im portant or not I do not know, but I think it should be taken, if they find it. The remaining question will be to be argued, ," Whether the Plaintiff in this Case ought to have been mulaed ?r not ?" The Special Verdia was then agreed to be en tered up; That the Ship sailed frornCork with a coMpetent Crew. That it was afterwards reduced, That the Desertion at Quebec was from -felt- - of Disorder on board. _ _ _ - That the Crew at Quebec was •insufficient to na .vigate the Ship. 'lhat the Master used his utmost exertions to pro cure Men at Quebec, for the purpose of proceeding to Halifax, but was unable, &c. , • sulP NEWS. poor.t, DEC. 29. . Arrived—the Christopher, WalGer, Alice, Warren, and Fanny; Tucker, from NewtOundland ; Dart, Beal, and Hepe, Manelaws, from Cherbourg. • Sailed—the Prime, .Keares, for Cowes, and Hope, Nether ,, wood, for Portsmoitth. . . DIED. Captainjame's Russell, of His Majesty's ship.Ccrcs, aged. 34, who, on the 13th Mar, 179 g, when First *ei.te-nant of the Flora Frigate, attacked with the Boats of that Ship, and brought out of the Harbour of Cerigo, in the Mediterranean, the Mdndovi French NAional Corvette. of 16 guns. On the auth inst. at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, aced 53, John Silvertop, of Minster Acres, .Esq., . . PRICE 0 YEST ' STOCKS, RDA?. • India Stack Exeheq.lls par, s. prern. Fundable ditto • i.rcm. 3d Exchequer Bills par New S. S. Stock' Ontniuni • Roper 114 Ditto Anil!: 12. t.../t . flank India lor Lmnt. , :k ' • _ - Bank Stock IS7i i• • Navy 5 per Cent, shut ; per Ceht. )797y95T fish 5 per Cent. 9 61 4 per Cent. Con. 834 4 3i p;:r Cent. Red. 67 : lij • 3 Ft:r Cent. Coil. shut Ottt:: Scrip . link Lou Ann. Ind Tr-16 Ditto Short Ann. 5 3-16 Pitt° Scrip , - WijF,N,.ProieSsion.ll Meti Responsibility deviate flout the get the sc:leelion oftt •pecitliar.brancti, the sau•-tant tinited.suceeSs iJ toe best ‘riterioti of strp,'rior;t E: ; ;iit years have l- devote:A my practice to .‘ •us rm treat:llene of Three Dis;nders, • , my pian gives 'me additi , rnal r t ,.3 able, the ravages of thole C,:r: important in the Catalogue. of I After initiati,:n into every Sranch. I formed a Wish at an early period or to. re,..!.e "dividuais 110:1i the ignorance of un:.,! •.; men,. or tire equally dangerous preCipitancy of gem: .2. t' •etitirners. The Three Disorders, to the Cure o: wuri.ll -I- have de voted my attention, 'comprise every species of EN,t- / REAL iN FF:CTI OW whether or a recent or tang du ration: idly, Ali kinds of debility, whether arising from the habits of school-boys, or the Triciu:g r inces of rnati.:7: age: And, lastly, that derange:nent rrt%-the 'systein in tivo_ Men which is called BARRENNESS, or STERILITY. - Numerous Diseases are the result of iguoitince, or haste in the treatment of a simple Gonorrißea; and it riot un frequently happens that the Seeds of life tire'poistlYied by the indiscretion of - an unguarded hour. , —By a 'superior xne that such Complaints are easily cur an* even where others. have failed, 1 trust that I rr presume to offer a radic'aLre-rstablisinnent. ' Few, however, arc the cases of complicated di.itresS : ify. this disorder, compared With • the calamitous Situations of Men, who, from an indulgence in a solitary vice, or the prevalent gaieties of a fashionable life, acquire..thlt state of Debility, which is the unavoidable consequance of such pernicious habits. Where the unhappy sufferer broods lover lis,tnisery, but carefully cenc eals his misfortune, it may be someconbo lation for him to know, that although it be an object of doubt or uncertainty with othes Practitioners," the remova; of. these Deficiencies by the gradual . progress of Renova tion, is the acquirement of finy •Experience. I t the rites of - Bacchus or. Venus have began to redtice Manly vigour, much anxiety will be prevented by an early Counterac tion of this languid State : and in these cases, no great difficulty will occur. But where this Deficiency has for years existed, a proper perseverance is indispensably 'equisitc to revive the slum- ' bering Sparks of Life, and to re-animate the Constitntion. MAR RIE 1) WOMEN, who haVe lantneen disappoin , ed in their expedations of a Family, may be, assured,. tha, in 44. cal The secresy which is so essential to my-tmdcrta and the qualification's which 1 haye.prestntct to state, tatty the basis of my pretensions, and in- - coinctence with such this intimation. is given,.-that Mr. .B. rfty be consulted personally, or 'by Letters (inclOsing a small Note), at liVs lionse, No. 29, Arundel street, Strand, near Teinple bar. P - T - There • is - an additional Entrance in, Water-street; adjoining, and the Name is on both the doors. M. B - Member of the Royal College of Sur, etns.. To T. TAYLOR, Surgeon, No. q, New Bridge-street, London. s Edinburgh, May - 2., r°o2. I N ,the Spring of 1-94 I was afflifted with- a - / Venereal Complaint, which I treated. with indirtZ , ;- ence for five months ; but was then obliged to apoly to a regular Physician, who put .a temporary- stop to ; rite vim lence of the Disease (by mercurial applications) for some • time.; but growing, in spite of all medicine and the advice of the first Gentlemen of • the Faculty here, worst and . worse fotAivo years, I; was reduced to- a 'state almost: un parallclerand_ beyond description; being an entire leper, and ulcerated front head to foot head , throat, mouth, nose, lep, arms, &c. 'have been alternately ia danger Of . becoming useless; in. short, I have had from, twenty to thirty eating ulcers on my body, and nearly totally de privet( of sight.- 7 lt would be voluminous to particula rize all my case—suffice it to say, there never was, or evef will be, one of - a More - dangerous, or at a more compll - I was long looked -upon by my friends, and imagined myself,, beyond all hopes of recovery; and, in deed, in my then condition, death was preferable to my more than miserable. state. In this droadful situation did I drag a most ,miserable existence, till Divine Providence threw in my way a Newspaper containing the case bt a • Mr. B. of Plymouth L-my friends read it, I - could- bot:.---1 _sent and procured some, of; your LEA K. P TENT PILLS, - w hich,' by using , from time to time, am now, ..nd have long been, (after inure than four years indescri'oa diStress), inuis good a-state of health as ever ; its a • proof of this, 1 had a fine, thriving, healt - liy.chilo, born to the a few months ago. In gratitude to God, and in hopes of rendering my fellciw,creature service, I request you to publish this; and yoirinay at any time .refer persons who wisltto be 'satisfied -'of the truth of this, or further parti culars*, tome or my friends, by letter or person. _ . As few cases for - badness will ever . e'qu . al mine, and none exceed "i 4 I have from experience 'every reason to - assure mankind, that in your LU. A k 1,": 1) 1 11_ sure, speedy, safe, and radical cure, for that meat dread. rut stage of the Venereal, Disease, which is called a cor+' viamEr:Loßs.: . -• J. 1 Insurmountable familY reasons 'prevent 'mailing my name and''address public ; but cieditatiles persons really wanting intnrmation may also he referred to •the and n 5 friends•by Mrs. S. Chii:, Ramsay-Gardens, Edinburgh. Prepared and Sold 'uy the SOle Proprietbr, ' ~ T. TAYIMR, Member-of the Rhya.l College of Surgeon,' • in London, at his•hoiise, Ne. 9, New Bridge-street, -- • Where he will give Advice without a.tee, to persons 05-1 in;; these Pills, and will answer patients letters, if posy , paid, on the same , terms; observing in.4l cases the most' ,inviolable secrecy, 10) person's haine . or case flaying beem; mentioned, but at their own particuiar request, by the P 0 ,.. r . Trietor, - during the - couise of more than thirty-six years. that he has had .the conducting. of an extensivf side Of the above Medicine, and the praAice arising. intiefrom. `ihey are also sold by hi; Appeintinent, lot the conve nience of 'those lii..ng at a - distance, 'by - Mr. WAteti, South-bridge, -EdinburtrX; Mr• Macdonald, Printer, Glas gow, to whom also Ml': T. 'refers int. his address; at the Petfumer;s, No. 35, St:• Albans -street;-Nall-mall; Mr"-/ Robertson's Toy-shiT, No. 103, Oxford-street; Mr. Disi -borough's, No. 7, I‘.lo-street.diiii, nearly opposite the Mo nument ; Mr. Steel's,. Bookseller,, No. 1, Union-row, Littic 'Tower-hill; Mr. Callwell's, Dublin ; and by one person 111 : every considerable. town us Great-Britain. and Ireland, In) Boxes of only as. 94•.- each, sealed up with full and plai. directions, whereby per6o:lS of either Sex may cure thenr selves with ease and secrecy, ' ; ' ' • '. N.. 11: Every - Box sold iii Great, Britain is- sealed til'' with' a - Stamp, on which, by favohr. of. the Commis sinners, is printed; at the .Stantp-Office--" T. Taylor . , No. g, NeW hridge-street," to imitate which is felony, a; all others ;ire counterfeit. LONDON : Printed by BUCH4NA WMII, LAN, (of B o w-Street, Covent_t o 'arden) ; _and Published by WILLIAM ARMIGER SCRIPPS, (of Horse-ferry-road, Westminster); At the SuN.OtvicE, , No, i tz, 4trated ; where ildvertilemelts, Orders for the Pater, Letters for the Editor, Sco, Ow _paid), must be addressed. FRENCIt THEATRICALS THE prolific genius of the French Dramatists manifests itself in some new-produCtions every week. The return of Peace will afford us the opportunity , of occasionally noticing those ephemeral produc tions. Among the latest is a new piece, which, if the accounts in the French Papers are cotrea, may, very fairly be put in competition with same of our own modern Dramatic Pratte - lions. This piece is called An Inn at Calais. At this Inn are assembled the following personages : Gascon, who is going to establish a , Theatre in England : it Parisian, .who comes down to meet - his, Niece on her arrival from London: the Niece herself: the young Lady's Lover; and an Englishman, also . inlove with the young Lady, and who .etas followed her from England. - The English Man forms a plan for carrying off the Lady, and bribes the Gascon to assist him : but, by a mis take, the Landlady is carried • off in her stead.,— SuCh is the Piece, which is stated to have been re ceived with a mixture of applause and'censitie. " This Piece," says the French t Editor, " will Undoubtedly please the Englisll l Who always de scribe the French, on their ThreatreS 2 as. true Gas - - cons." Another Piece has also made its appearance dur ing the last decade at the Theatre Fejdratt. It is entitled,Plutarcb, and is rather of an amusingde kription. It seems however "to afford but a slight" foundation even fora single att. A young Officer, who is over head and eats in love, requests some pecuniary assistance of a rich uncle, by means. of which he hopes to render himself more worthy of the woman of his heart : to this application the uncle makes thiS laconic reply—" !read Plu tarch," at the same time presenting him with a copy. The _young man, who cannot conceive that the perusal of a Greek author quid prove any resource to him, not only negleded the advice, but sold all his books, including even !haat-di. The. Valet disposes of the whole to a person whom he' takes for broker, but who, in fae., proves to be the uncle. - The Plutarch, which was given to the nephew, sealed" up, was in fact alone, worth a thou sand crowns. At length, the uncle and the nephew have an interview : and after many ironical .and humourous refiedions on the tasty of yOung men for reading, he gives him to understandhat the book in question contained a note for 6000 francs, and a consent to his wished-for marriage. The benevolent uncle pardons him, and unites theloVers. —He gives, at the same time, a thousand crowns to the valet, - who, perceiving the gout of-the old man for ancient authorS, presents him with a Cicero,--4 observing, at the same time, that he . ewr.s not the first great man who had made the fortune of a fool. POLICE OF POYS.' -;'.;>\ 6 WE extract from the ''etr&-tte de Fran ce,'.he'iM, 7 lowing observati ons ,' wi ( ich f ,slew the state of the Metropolis of the French\' Rep Alic it is too well known\ of - ' `at Paris conceals more than onf of offenders inured to crimL 1b used every ordinary means, have had recourse to profound cOmbinations, against whieh it is difficult to guard.. The details which might be. published upon this subjea wc,iild appe'ar as curious as terrible, but .we fear to injure, by too much precipitation, those vast plans forthed by the Police, who, in'order to attack the Tree instead of the .ranches, have been, careful to unite in their hands an infinity of Particulars, which may , serve to lead them to the point they aim at. They must, for the present, lithit themselves to inform the Inhabitants of Paris, as wellas,Foreigners, that they ought to mistrust the rendezvous whiCh may ,happen to fall "to their lot in houses of which , they are' ignorant, the letters that are sent to them, and the seducing propositions that may be made to them. Many persons, and recently a jeweller, of the street St. Denis, have fallen into similar snares, and have not yet made their appear_ ante.---Perhaps those unfortunate persons who are daily adVertised in the posting bills; have fallen in the same way. At least it is certain, that for some time many individuals have disappeared from society„ and withdrawn themselves from those with whom they have lived, with Out _any cause being known for their or of any evil having befallen them. " These considerations. Will suffice to keep . the People on their guard against every species of corn mancatiOri with any per Son Whom ,they do not know, against offers of. service,_ and specious pro positions : against any correspondence with certain women, who, under pretence of wishing to chuse metichandize . or jewels, desire those articles to be sent to them at their own. houseS ; and against a multitude of other circumstances which, to make them appear natural, more dangers must be stated. " If any thing in shorr, is eapable'of ensuring the safety of the Inhabitants of Paris, and the great number of Foreigner& who resort to the Capital, it is the activity of a Police, as ingenious in their conceptions as indefatigable in their researches ; whose efforts are incessantly direaed against' every species of crime, and every kind of immorality by, which Society is infested. Their zeal and their in telligenee are without bounds, and every means are resorted to by them to disconcert the most itigeriinus offenders ; but in order that the'malefac tor may fall into those snares which are placed . around him, he must' remain ignorant of the taaics and superiority of his enemy." The Barwick, Steward, from Demerara for Lon. don, has parted her cables in the Downs, cut away all her masts to prevent her driving on the Goodwin Sands, a:id is gone.to Ramsgate with the assistance of the Deal boats. \tp amit of ,a d6ubtiyh ne'ofe: ,es, and wiftvaffFr liavir CWNTRY NEWS. 2.TAIDSTONE, DEC. 29. : The incessant all of rain last• Thursday night, 'and the whole of Friday, produced such a flood in. the. Medway, as-for thirty.years back has not been remembered. Se sudden a rise of the water would not allow time to remove many articles, then lying on the quays and banks of the river above and be- - low this town, but caused them to be entirely . swept away by the current, and the loss sustained ,by in diViduals is, at present, incalculable. The.quantity : of deals, battens, spars, fir, and oak timber, which' has floated from the timber yard of Messrs. Smyth tv,i Atkins, adjoining the great bridge, is esti- . mated at one, housand pounds. Three whole piles of deal went down the river in majestic stile, apd: . were afterwards found seated with equal grandeur . on the banks of the river, one at Fostil Reach, ano.- . ' they near., Aylesford-bridge, And the' third at Pres 4 ton. Several persons having styes :near the - river,L had their hogs drowned; and the fower.apartmentst of many houses were so.delugedtia s to cause the in-1 hiibitants to take refuge, in their typervstories„.l here, ,at Gibraltar; Aylesford,, and the - other villagest dOwnwardS. Aylesford-bridge was perfetaly clioak; a tr.) with lags of wood t end other timber. On e 4 : l oat over6et at Wai:Ntone-bridge, full of people4 l who all. got a good sotisikg, but life was lost,H nor other injury sustained: from that accident. LEEDS, DEC. ZS. THE shocking accident a mentioned in our last to have happened at the Holme, near New Church, in Rossendale, of eight people being drowned by the breaking of the ice, was attended with a circum stance extremely distressing : one of the men ptvh edinto the water, and had the good luck to dra-, one put, who was saved ;- he then got two more in his arms, when, endeavouring to Cast them out al . so, another at the bottom, clung so fast to his legs, that he could not possibly extricate himself; but, in the midst of the utmost exertions, and loud :. shriekings for help, he,. and the two ib his arms sunk to the bottom and perished: The' neighbour hoodwas soon alarmed,-, 7 but too late to afford any - assistance. The dreadful. lamentation of parents for .their children, which would hav a e pierced the most unfeeling heart; exceeds all description.—We hope this will be a caution to ,youth, ‘vhoe folly or te-, merity might lead them . to .those diversions which have brought somany to an untimely death. CHEST,ER, DEC. 29. Yesterday fortnight, three men came to the vil lage of.Clocaenog, near Ruthin, for the purpose of buying cattle and horses in that neighbourhood, and paid for the same in forged laonk ofEngland,Notes, after the manner of those lately issued with curved lines, - for some of which they received cash in ex_ .change. The forgery being dete&ed on the Wed nesday.following, three of the Yeomanry, much to their credit, went in pursuit and overtook one of them at Ivetsey Bank, near Wolverhampton, whom they lodged in - goal, and were so fortunate as to recover the whole of the property, except one horse, of about the value of twelve guineas ; the, other Luc., -.Aye Lftliau.ay-,re iarsc. _ LANCASTER, 'DEC. 26. The following particulars respeaing the death of Mary Rostron, as mentioned on Tuesday last, have been transmitted to u . s Mary Rostron was the daughter of . a poor woman, who lives in a. small hut, near . to the shaft of a coal-pit, in Lithe. Bolton. She was returning from her work in the evening, and when within a few yards of her mother's door, was heard to cry out, in great distress, "-Main ! Main !'' Upon which, her Mother ran out to her assistance, but could not see her unfortunate' daughter, although the moon shone very bright : However, to her sorrow, she heard some thing fall against the buckets, which were suspend ed about half way down the pit, and could perceive the tremulous motion of the ropes. Whether this poor creatute, on being alarmed by some person fol lowing her, ran into the pit, or she was forcibly thrown into it, at present remains doubtful : Strong suspicion, however, attaches to Bromiley, on ac count of -his being near the place when the melan choly event happened. We understand; that the deceased had not kept company With any man, that she was not suspected of being with child, nor any was there mark of violence upon her person, except what might be occasioned by the fall. We Cannot conceive that the mind of any human being could beCome so depraved as to cause Mint() throw a poor innocent girl into a coal-pit, no-less than eighty yards deep; and we hope for the sake of humanity, that when this affair is investigated in our court of justice, it will appear to havebeen accidental, and not the aEt "of a brutal murderer. DANCING.The Academy for fashionable and private Dancing at CoaChmaker's Hall,- Foster-lane, Cheapside, under, the direetion . of-Messrs. HorKINs and Son, continues, we find, to :receive that respe&able patronage it has long merited ; and where Ladies and-Gentlemen who have never ae quired this accomplishment; .or those who have IN t obtained the present fashionable mode, may be expeditiously instru&ed, in the most priv - a,te man ner, in all 'the elent and faShiOnable steps now in, use_ to qualify them for the first ASsemblies;— Young Ladies and Gentle Men are also taught every fashionable Dance, and every attention exerted to give the most elegant address. 'Every success is therefore due to' so respelable an institution, which . has for its object to cultivate and improve the graces necessary to form and embellish the rising genera tion. When men of ability, devote their time to public good, it is reasonable to hope that a remuneration, suited to the advantages reaped from their experi ence, will be the result. This has been happily, il lustrated in the case of Dr. Solomon, of Liverpool, in the extensive .sale which the Anti-Impetigines and Cordial Balm of Gilead have experienced, and ircontestibly prove that they are the best Medicines ever discovered for those disorders which ore now, s l become so prevalent in this Kingdom, and which, for a length of time, have baffled the skill and droll of the most eminent Physician, ---we mean ScrophuW, and Consumption. These Medicines _have stood') the test, and answered the expeaa ;ions- not only of! a long private praaice, but also of tho.,e . who had recourse to them since their being made public for universal good. , • ' 4