The Sun. — London, England, 1853-10-05 00:00:00

ommor LITERATURE. Ristory of the Insurrection in China. By MM. Callery and Yvan. Translated from the French by John Oxenford. Smith, Elder, and Co. _ _ Perhaps no volume was ever published . more opportunely than this political and historical ac count of one of the most wonderful revolutions ever witnessed in the eastern hemisphere. Sud denly, and unexpectedly, and at the moment of the last bewilderment, [it admits the European spectator of events into the secret of the great Chinese Insurrection. For this the public is in debted to the sagacity of Doctor Yvan, one of the most observant of modern travellers, and to the erudition of M. Callery, one of the most:skilful of oriental interpreters. Whether they are a species of scholarly Damon and Pythias, or a kind of poli tical Beaumont and Fletcher, it were difficult to conjecture under the circumstances. A suggestion has been thrown out, however, recently in refer ence to the interesting volume under consideration, to the effect that in all likelihood Dr. Yvan's share in the undertaking has been the composition of the general narrative, while that of M. Callery has been restricted to the translation of the various Chinese documents introduced. Otherwise, than by some such supposition, we should be l e ft i n total uncertainty as to which portions of the ac count here given emanated respectively from the bands of these amiable and lettered wanderers. Let us suppose that they have contributed equally to the general description, and we must admit, is regard to their styles, that the faces of the two Dro -mios did not bear to each other a more striking verisimilitude. It may be observed at once that the effusion before us is not, as might rather rea sonably have been thought at the first superficial glance, simply an ingenious specimen of book making—what is called, in the cant phrase, a mere catchpenny. The facts recounted in the strange tale here told by MM. Yvan and Callery bear with them the proofs of their own indisputable authen ticity What is also worthy of particular observa tion, is the circumstance that the writers begin with t.ae begin ning. Conscious that, for the most part with the majority of Europeans, China is, in truth, a terra incognita, they prepare the mind of the reader for the due appreciation of the sequel by the -teiistics o f Illekli tY and detail w hi c h are th e p r i nc ip a l charac the introduction. These merits of the fo~nal have been carefully retained in the English r othanks to the care and industry revealed r a es first to la s t by M r . Oxe n ford in his twofold ca P ac itY as editor and translator. Moreover, it is pecially observable that the work, as here pre laented to the public of Great Britain, is enhanced n value by the addition of an eighteenth chapter, i n ging down ev en t s t o th e p er i o d r e fer re d t o by latest overland intelligence. Supplementary information is likewise given in a " Postscript," "nlarising the narrati ve of Mr. Taylo r , and re a).unting the p rocee di ngs o f t h e i nsurgen t s a t A moy, ankin, and Chin-kiang-foo. As introductory to the history of the Chinese ,Ltne-urrection, w e are rem i n d e d b y th e au th ors o f it: work under review of the course of events since theuirth) in 1780, o f th e second son of Kia-king, late Emperor " Brilliant Reason, i " or Tao kouan • is romantic defeat of the eunuch Lin king s the incident which first rouses the attention oohe reader, a n d ren d ers him , naturally enough, as to th e changes of ? the political tide in the Celestial Empire, as thereupon rapidly and succinctly indicated. The genius of the young Prince gave him a larger advantage than that re sulting from primogeniture, in testimony of which Tao-kouang in 1820 ascended the imperial throne. During his reign occurred the war with England, as during the reign of his son and successor has oc curred the revolt in the province of Kouang-Si— " the two most important events chronicled in the annals of China during the last quarter of a cen tury," according to MM. Yvan and Callery's just and forcible declaration. Before recounting the rise and progress of the latter event, our authors, reasonably enough, deem it expedient to explain in a few words the cause and the course of the for mer struggle, a struggle which may be attributed in a great measure to the rise of those astonishing hopes out of which has emerged the still pending Revolution. First, therefore, in reference t o th e war between the English and the Chinese. It was a war every body knows about opium. Until 1834, the East India, Company enjoyed the monopoly of the B r itish trade in that and other commodities. In that year, however, on the expiration of the Company's char ier, these exclusive privileges were denied to them by the British Government. All English mer chants, consequently, after 1834, had an equal right to trade with the Chinese. Subsequently— several years afterwards—the Emperor Tao-kouang determined to put a stop if possible to a custom which had then been developing itself during about a hun dred years throughout his dominions. He resolved to put an end to the accursed habit of opium -smoking —and for this purpose his Celestial Majesty issued a decree prohibiting thesale of the forbidden drug in every part of his enormous territories. The project in itself was of course admirably humane—but it was none the less atrocious on that account in the man ner chosen for its development. The celebrated mandarin Lin was the man selected by Tao-kouang to carry out at Canton his designs against the illicit traffic of the opium smugglers. " Lin was then about fifty years of age ; he wore the red ball, and the peacock's feather with two eyes ;" in other terms, he was a personage invested with the in signia of the highest dignities, and having a most imposing appearance. Speedily enough the objects of the enmity of Lin found that in him they had decidedly " caught a Tartar." Here is testimony : " One night the hongs, or factories in which the foreigners resided, were surrounded by troops ; and the English, American, and Parsee merchants, learned, when they awoke, that they were Lin's prisoners, and that the viceroy of the two Kouangs allowed them three days to give up all the opium they had on board the ' receiving ships ;' in default whereof, they were to be treated according to the utmost rigour of the new law, —in other words, were to lose their heads." Thereupon the prisoners wrote to Captain Elliot, commander of the naval forces of England in those waters. Captain Elliot was then at Macao. He hastened to the relief of his countrymen. He ad vised them to accede to the demand of the man darins, telling them at the same time, that he pur chased the opium which had been jeopardised (amounting to 20,000 chests, representing a value of 2,000,0001.) in the name of her Britannic Ma jesty's Government, and declaring , moreover, that he would make a political question out of a co ni- .. .raercial difficulty. Captain Elliot then required Lin at once to withdraw his troops from the hongs or factories, a n d t o re l ease th e w h o l e o f th e sub j ec ts of the Queen of England. With these requests, let however, the mandarin refused compliance. let our authors relate the sequel themselves : " As Captain Elliot had not sufficient force to resist the Chi nese troops, he gave up the prohibited a rticl e. tin caused large pits to be dug, and the opium, covered re g with i c l a niek-lime was buried in th e island of Lin-tin, in lthe .presen ce of ' witnesses ; after which operation, the i re merchants d e t a i ne d a t C an t on were se t a t 18:i: R an o t w iin eN g rer t , he th fo e r d ts7 of retribution was at band. In - t i i a uert tini e a British fleet sailed up the river of Canton, ' Le ' and took and threatening the banks on each ° :Chi na, k a strong positi on _ on the northern coasts news of th e Z :ccupying Tch an (Chusan). When s recei ved ens at Pekin, Lin was immediately r e tl and w ri-chan, a member of the im- P!rial ficalTilY, walled , appointed by the Emperor to succeed 11 1 - T un. . -4-c han vm s an intelligent and resolute man. deal,: an d at o • and th i e ce beef da w n it g h er w t h o at sort of enemies he had to which the Government had exposed by th imprudence and presumption of "La Piodecessor.- As a skiff' ul diplomatist he did not hesitate to accept the ultimatum laid down by the ' bar barians r l / 4 , ;' that is ;to say, he avoided a disastrous war . by a-e Ptlng hard conditions, such as a heavy indemnity c Paid to the English, the cession of Hong Kong, and so -°rth * $o English, when the treaty was submitted to the Etaperor for sanction, the ' Son of Heaven' rejected it with indignation. Ki-chan was ignominiously re called, and underwent the greatest indignity that bad ever been inflicted on any high functionary under the reig n of hro Tao-k ouang. He was publicly degraded, his ~ NrtY was confiscated, his concubines were sold, his e se was razed to the ground, and, to complete his Tart ary 4l3rtu y,", he wa s exiled to the remotest part of V Inter e -8 m0 „ a ....._ ulg particulars in relation to the great eri — l'hi-7et-chan' ma be found in the " Voyage produof MM. Hu e and Gabet, as here inti- Y ....M. Yvan and Callery. However, to -. the ,;114 Man darin named Y- c h an succee d e d Ki- c h an in th e Vver t unent of C anton, and b rought b ack with him L;s tilitie eatY. which hi s predecessor had concluded, torn. es were renewed at once. Every one knows hz4 result of the English expedition. Ning-po, Chang of ihtfeh°llean, Ting-hai, fell successively into the hands Chang of'tglish who at last compelled the Chinese t o o n sign o th e , 1 7_,_l a . treaty, by which they ceded Hong Kg t northeriTarlans ;' opened to them four new por ts on the tio n of ,e o ast of the empire, granted them the occupa thernsavesrsan for five years ; and, moreover, bound Rem eni PaY a heavy indemnity." famou s ohiaesgsuenr .nt war b et this i s t h e descr i pt i on g i ven o f th e a ed a ppeared, struggle w een China and England, not by cns 4 "; but by impartial Frenchmen. ruggle, th e the success o f G rea t B r it a i n i n ppeared. Pt growth of tcesild Prestige of th e T ar t ar dy nas ty dis s its c43.7.Lt0 a considerable e xtent, the reveal e d - -Lug conspiracy which ultimately i , and th e etude in the revolt in theliouang rapid conquest of half the Chinese em venturersNne,and this in two years by a band of insurgent ad- L-6?.,n_. It was on the morning of the 26th of Feb. ,u, that the old Emperor, Tao-liouang, expired, a 4 Kt from that raay be dated by us, though not by tilt/ C 411166 02 the twee dated to the throne of China 7 r THE STUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 5, 1853. of his fourth son Se-go-ko, the present Emperor Hien-foung—a title signifying " Complete Abun dance." The change of monarchs, nevertheless, brought about no improvement in policy. After hesitating as to which side should be chosen—that of the reactionaries or of the men of enlightment, Hien-foung espoused the cause of the former, to wards the close of the year of his accession— namely, on the 21st of November. And, observe MM. Yvan and Callery—" shortly after the victory of the reactionary party, the first intelligence of the revolt of the Kouang-si was received." If nothing else—at least a surprising coincidence. Prophecy, it seems, had prepared the way for in surrection. According to a prediction long popu lar, the ancient dynasty of Ming in the 48th year of the present cycle, which began in 1851, was to celebrate its restoration. Scarcely was the revolt in the Kouang-si heard of when the Chinese Sovereign was alarmed by the apparition of an ex traordinary antagonist--Tien-te, the leader of the Revolutionists. These two opponents are described by MM. Yvan and Callery at an early portion of their narrative. Here is their sketch of origin, rise, power, and exile of the celebrated favourite of Peter the Great, the first Prince Menschikoff, the ancestor of the haughty noble, lately Russian Plenipotentiary at Constantinople. Here is M. Le Duc's description of the personal aspect of the present 25 25 St. 50 13i 20 20 50 20 20 50 20 S.H I A.RE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY.) BRITISH RAILWAYS. Paid Rimmess. 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Smeltg. and Reduction Co Canada Company Crystal Palace Crystal Pal, of France Eastern Steam Electric Tel. of Irel Gen. Steam Navigat General Screw Steam Irish Beetroot Sugar Magdalena St. Navig. Nat. Pt. Steam Fuel Netherlands Land., N. B. Australasian Nrth.ofEuropeSteam Peel Rr. Ld. & Minrl. Peninsular & Orien 3 4 d 7 3i 4 d . 13 d BANKS. 69 71xd bong par ldis ~ --- .., Business this day. Do. do. Portland Iron C 0..... Royal Mail Steam... Scot. Austral. Invest, Do. New Scrip. 24 2d i d- ip 21 - 23 33 - 35 45 - 47 li B 2i I d • par 36 38 63 65 74 17 19 7EOIJSi ii == ii ••• ." • • • 55 - 60 South Austral. Land Submarine Telegraph Van Diemen's Land li - lip) 1 ld - AP Le id ad and bonus 4 5 4 i 5 49 - - 1.;),p ••• - ... 33 - 05 14 - 1G 4i a 38 2i ,I. THE CIVIL WAR IN CHINA. The following is a letter from a naval officer on the China station : " Hermes, Shanghai, July 9. " I take this opportunity of writing a few lines about the important and interesting movement here, our boats having just returned from Chian-kiang-foo, where they had been in search of some deserters from the Sala mander, enticed away by the Toutar's (Chinese Go vernor's) people. " They report that the insurgents, by the confession of the Imperialists, confirmed by themselves, had taken Fung-yang, the capital of a department, some time since, and had beaten a large force which we knew to be some where there under Keshen. The latter also stated — and I have no doubt of it—that they had taken Kwei tih, also the capital of a department, and close to the Yellow River. " From the few vessels at the mouth of the Grand Canal, as compared with what there were there when we passed, and from the few troops at Ching-kiang•foo (from 3,000 to 5,000), as compared with what then were (50,000 or 60,000), they must have a large force in the north. " Many have been inclined to say that they were losing all the moral effect of their capture of Nankin, and that they showed themselves unequal to an emer gency ; but it appears to me that their plans have been and are admirable. They brought away a quantity of children, and, I suppose, women, from Quang-si, whom it would have embarrassed them exceedingly to have car ried on at present ; so they fortified and provisioned Nankin for their reception ; and then, or rather at the same time, commenced fortifying Ching-kiang-foo, as the key to the Grand Canal, leaving force enough in them to defend them, and, by occasional sallies, to keep the Imperialists under the impression that their forces were greater, and so draw off attention from what was their real object all along—viz., the capture of Pekin. I had no doubt that their intention, when we were up in the Hermes, was to proceed thither with all con venient haste, but they evaded our question by saying, Nye are waiting o r d ers f rom th e T ae - p i ng - wang ;' or , waiting for a reve l a ti on as to where we shall go. ' "The eff ec t h as b een to keep 15,000 men at Ching kiang-foo, and I fancy the whole of the army of General Heang—he that was lately made Viceroy of seven pro vinces, poor man, though 75, and is now ordered up to Pekin to lose his head. Soon they will not get any one to undertake the charge. "While the insurgents were fortifying these places they were building or altering boats—l presume to carry their commissariat, for, as they have stopped the supplies going north, they would require t o take supplies with them. Building or altering vessels was necessary, be cause this is rather a low time of the yea r f or the canal.' "You will observe that the places taken rather indi cate that they are not travelling by the canal. This may be partly because it is low, and partly to beat the forces opposed to them in detail, or to prevent a junction be tween the Manche() army under Keshen and the Chinese army under Heang under Nankin, for, though they should advance upon Pekin, it would be fatal for them to lose Nankin. There is a large Tartar force in Whag nan, near the mouth of the Yellow River, and they may wish to avoid this for the present. " I fancy this last move up to the Yellow River has been made in a fortnight, and the probability is that, as the forces were assembled there, having passed them, their course will be rapid. "They still keep up their stoutness. I have it from a very intelligent Chinese Scripture-reader, who has been in England and speaks English very well, that he was told by a soldier, near Nankin, where he had been, that 1,000 soldiers offered to join the insurgent ranks, but would not be accepted unless they embraced Chris tianity, which they refused to do. " The gates of Nankin remain open, but it is said the ground in their vicinity is mined. I was much amused by the Toutar here, who, when enlarging upon the num bers of the Imperial army, and depreciating the number of the insurgents, being asked why they did not retake Nankin, said, Why it is all full of holes ; the Imperial ists drove a lot of buffaloes in, and they all disappeared, so they were afraid to follow lest they should tumble in.' "The whole country seems hostile to the Manchoos, and will turn instantly the insurgents arrive at Pekin and issue their mandates. They have excellent information from all parts. Thus, there was a large sum of money coming up from Canton for the Imperialists ; they sent a party of 400 from Nankin, who made a sweep round to the south, and cut off the party escorting the treasure, and returned to Nankin in safety, passing through the Imperialist army each time. "They received our officers and the Consular inter preter most graciously, but expressed a wish that Euro peans should not visit them unless they intended staying, as the Imperialists would take their heads, and say the insurgents had done it. They were evidently unwilling that we should know their movements, lest they should transpire, and the Imperialists become aware of them ; but I think the latter are getting apprehensive, and are drawing their forces by degrees away from Ching-kiang-foo. They admitted to our officers that they had no expectation of retaking any of the places, and are, indeed, getting quite reckless as to conse quences, seeming more concerned to know where opium was to be had than anything else. Strange to say, the first question they asked was, Have you any opium to sell and, on our people visiting their junks to the num ber of 70, they found nearly all were opium smokers, certainly all the mandarins. The Admiral of the fleet was so much under its influence, that two or three minutes after having entered our boat to go round the fleet he fell asleep, and very shortly begged off, as quite unable to go further. These fellows never go into action, and seem quite content if the vessels fire both sides, regard less of whether they hit anything, or whether there be anything to hit. They have made a noise, and, because not taken or sunk, they report a triumph. "The insurgents are daily becoming more popular. Seeing that they do violence to so many of the feelings of I the Chinese, the wonder is how they should be so popular as they are. It can only be that the Manchoos are intensely unpopular. " At one time the Chinese Roman Catholics (not so the European) were apprehensive of the success of the Manchoos, because, they say, if they succeed Christianity in every shape will be proscribed practically, if not professedly, and their heads taken off professedly for political offences.' "There has been a demand for Christian books, more particulary from Shang-tung, for the last month or more, and it continues unabated. Others, again, ask for books of the same religion as that of the insurgents, and some have even asked for instructors to be sent among them. "The insurgents are wonderfully satisfied as to their ultimate and early success—they talk of two or three months. The General at Ching-kiang-foo said, 'I am getting an old man now, but I could beat any twelve of those fellows opposed to us ;' and, speaking of arms— ' The muskets often miss fire because our powder is bad ; and, as for those with caps, why we don't understand them, and if we did, we could not make the caps ; now, the spear never misses fire, and these Imperialists are afraid of it.' "The greater number of the junks that were sent from the Pei-ho for grain are going back empty, nearly all the people refusing to pay their land tax. There have been frequent disturbances near here, in consequence of their attempting to force it, and the Government has in each case been obliged to give in." THE CF.T.P.STIA.L STRIPLING. " The Emperor Hien-foung is only twenty-two years of age. He is of a middle height, and his form indicates great aptitude for bodily exercises. He is slender and muscular. His face, which indicates a certain degree of resolution, is chiefly characterised by a very high fore head, and by an almost defective obliquity of the eyes. His cheek bones are very prominent, and strongly marked. The space between the eyes is large and flat, like the forehead of a buffalo. Hien-foung is of a stub born and credulous disposition. In the midst of the most effeminate luxury he affects severity of morals, and, notwithstanding his youth, he is already married. The Empress is a Tartar princess, with large feet, totally devoid of that delicacy and fragile gracefulness which belong to the small-footed Chinese women. The Em peror loves to see her perform the violent exercises which are the delight of the women of her nation, and she often gallops about with him in the extensive gar dens/of the palace." Here, again, is the outline of THE SHADOWY DEMAGOGUE. " Tibn-tb, the chief of the insurrection, is not above twenty-three years of age ; but study and want of rest have made him prematurely old. He is grave and me lancholy, leads a very retired life, and only communi cates with those about him when he gives his orders. His face is expressive of mildness, but it is a mildness peculiar to certain ascetics, and which neither excludes firmness nor that obstinacy belonging to persons of strong religious convictions. His complexion, which borders on the colour of saffron, is that of the Chinese of the southern provinces. In stature he is taller than Hien-foung, but he appears less robust." Shadowy we have termed the supposed leader of the insurrection—for it is already tolerably well ascertained that Tien-te (a name meaning Celestial Virtue), if ever living, is no longer in existence, and that in all probability time will prove him to be nothing more substantial than a creation of the imagination. And yet Tien-te is described here as we have observed : and his engraved effigy figures in the volume before usas its frontispiece ! The pro vince of the Kouang-si—producing little more than the badiana and the white cinnamon—appears to have been adroitly selected as the starting point of the revolution—adroitly, because of its barren and mountainous character, and the daring and hardi hood of its population. A geological discovery in the Kouang-si aided considerably in forwarding the cause of the insurgents—being regarded as nothing short of a miracle by the ignorant multitude. It was an episode in the civil war of the Chinese, appropriate, as occuring at the precise time of the discovery of the gold diggings in California and Australia. The subjoined passage recounts the nature of this propitious circumstance : " At the beginning of the insurrection, the chiefs wished to mark the date of their enterprise, by the erec tion of a religious monument. The workmen set about their task, and they hollowed out some of the decom posed rocks, which offered no strong resistance to the pick-axe. They had not descended many feet, when they c a m b e y to o u s r o mep rivers. e bbl e T s, b e v s e e ry similar peb bles to , beitnhge examinedde posited with care, were found to be very heavy ; they were, in fact, lumps of argentiferous lead, of surprising richness. It was by means, they say, of this providential , treasure the Pretender paid his first soldiers. ' August, 1850, was the month in which the Pekin journals first mentioned the Chinese insurrection. It was not long, however, before the warlike in habitants of the Kouang-si, a curious race of abo riginals, known as Miao-tze, drew the attention of the imperial Government upon the progress made in those quarters by the armed revolutionists. Ho was the first town that fell into their possession. Sin, the Governor-General of the two Kouangs, was the first official personage of any importance startled by the revolt into unwonted activity and vigilance. Shortly after news of the rising reached Pekin, poor old Lin, the hero of the opium-war with England, was ordered by his imperial master to rouse him self from his luxurious retirement in the neighbour hood of Fou-tcheou, and to subdue the.army of insur gents. Easier said than done, as it has since then appeared. Lin was only disturbed to hasten his dissolution. While proceeding to his post at Tchao tcheou-fou, in the province of the Kouang-si, the old mandarin, aged sixty-nine years, expired. His death was regarded as a bad augury by the Im perial Government. Subsequently an unsuccessful attempt was made at the Emperor's assassination. Meantime the revolt spread, and to lend additional probability to the fancied existence of Tien-te— sapeques (called in the Chinese language talon), the current coin of the realm, were issued by the insur gents--sapeques bearing upon them the name of the Pretender. After the first onset, the revolu tionary cause prospered wonderfully—the rout' of the Imperial tigers in the district of Young-Gan leading rapidly to the storm and capture by the rebels of Ping-Lo, Houen-Mon, and. Young-Gan- Tcheou. Ever since then the cause of the Ming dynasty has been rising, while that of the Mantchou or Tartar dynasty has been falling proportionately. The throne of the Emperor Hien-foung has been undermined in fact by what our authors admirably. designate " those intellectual laboratories of de clining states—secret societies, or clandestine asso ciations." Of the Christian element of this extraor dinary rising among the Chinese we have all of us in this country long ago become cognisant. It is not, however, generally known that the originator of the movement in this particular is said to be a con vert of the last secretary interpreter of Hong Kong, the Rev. Dr. Gutzlaff, a Protestant missionary. Dr. Gutzlaff, it seems, travelled over China in a twofold capacity—selling cloth acid distributing tracts— carrying in one hand the Bible, and in the other a yard measure. The results of his wander ings are too remarkable altogether not to render his name one of interest to every intelligent ob server of this vast Asiatic revolution.- Here is our authors' sketch of the man through whose agency a considerable portion of the believers in Bhuddism have been converted to a mongrel kind of Chris tianity : " M. Gutzlaff had the art of inspiring the Chinese people with the greatest confidence. He was of a middle stature, and tolerably stout ; his prominent eyes sparkled beneath thick lashes, which were overshadowed by long black and bushy eye-brows. His face, with features the reverse of angular, and its light olive com plexion, seemed to belong to that variety of the human race which we call the Mongol. In his Chinese dress he was so exactly like a native that he could have gone through the streets of the walled city of Canton without being recognised." It yet remains to be seen, however, whether the Chinese Christians are veritable Chang-ti, that is to say, Protestants. Whatever their religious sen timents, there can be no longer any doubt that their political successes have been multiplied trium phantly. So marvellous have been the changes effected by the insurgent followers of Tae-ping wang, that we cannot be sufficiently thankful for the light thrown by MM. Yvan and Gallery upon an otherwise obscure portion of contemporary his tory. Their original narrative, moreover, has been enhanced in value by the skill and industry of the translator—Mr. Oxenford having supplied the English reader with an additional store of really valuable, because manifestly authentic, information. The Russian Question ; or, the Crisis in the East. Translated from the French of Leouzon Le Duo, by J. H. Urquhart. Clarke, Beeton, and Co. Another timely contribution to our political literature. At this particular juncture we would most earnestly commend the argument of M. Leouzon Le Duc to the perusal of our intelligent population. It reveals in the clearest light the atrocity and daring of the sinister designs of the Russian Autocrat. With this end in view it sets out with a startling exposition of the real character of Prince Menschikoff, the late Envoy Extraordi nary from the councils of St. Petersburg to those of Constantinople. M. Leouzon Le Duc is a writer we may observe, eminently qualified to enter into this momentous discussion. His position as Chargé de Mission to the Courts of Russia and Finland has given him the advantage of personal experience' He writes, therefore, not from hearsay, but from observation. In the English version of his work here before us, the author has obtained the benefit of a careful and precise translator. Justice has been done to the lucidity of the original essay by Mr. Urquhart's exact knowledge of the idiomatic peculiarities of the French language. Consequently, the work here published at an astonishingly cheap rate may be read by the most fastidious with satis faction—as well as by the most informed with a tolerable certainty of enlightenment. The little volume is divided into four portions—the first being a description of Prince Menschikoff ; the second illustrative of the character of the Greek Church ; the third explanatory of the actual position of Russia with regard to the Great Powers of Europe ; and the fourth (an Appendix), comprising a most romantic and enthralling account of the PRINCE M_ENSCHIKOFF. "This great-grandson of Peter the Great's favourite is about seventy years of age, of middle stature, has close cut, milk-white hair, a high, open forehead, sharply defined features, and a bright, sparkling eye. His gait is haughtly but slightly limping, from a wound that he received in a singular manner at the siege of Varna, in 1828. It is affirmed that one evening, having given some orders that he wished to see implicitely obeyed, he strolled through the camp ; and as he was leisurely re turning to his quarters, he stopped and remained with his legs wide apart whilst he enjoyed a pinch of snuff. Suddenly the report of a heavy gun was heard, and the Prince fell headlong to the ground ; but, on being taken up, it was found that a cannon ball had passed between his legs, and wounded him severely in one thigh." The following are the titles of this singular per sonage, precisely as they are given in the archives of the appanage of Finland : " Prince of the Empire, Governor-General of Finland, Aide-de-camp, General, Admiral, Member of the Impe rial Council, Commandant of the Regiment of Ingria, Chief of the Naval Staff, Commander-in-Chief of all the Troops in Finland, Knight of the Imperial Order of Saint Andrew, with the diamond jewels, Knight of the Order of Saint Alexander Newsky, also in diamonds— of Saint Vladimir of the first class, of Saint Anne of the first diamond class, of Saint George of the third class, Saint Stanislaus of the first class, of the Prussian Orders of the Black Eagle, the Red Eagle, and of Merit, the Order of Saint Leopold of Austria, of the Swedish Order of the Seraphim, Grand Cross Commander of the Order of the Sword, of the Royal Order of Saint Louis of France, of Saint Hubert of Bavaria, of the Royal Greek Order of the Holy Saviour, of Saint Maurice and Saint Lazarus of Sardinia, of the Lion of Baden of the first class, of the Military Order of Hesse Cassel—and wear ing a sword bearing the inscription, For bravery,' and several medals for action in the campaigns of 1812 and 1814, and for services against the Persians and the Turks." At this critical time it may be interesting to our readers to glance at the subjoined account of the Russian Ministry of Marine—a Ministry answer ing to what we call in England the Board of Ad miralty. In Russia it consists of the following officials : " First, a Minister-in-Chief, with eight ordinary and six extraordiary aides-de-camp ; secondly, the Board of Admiralty, forming the councillors and advisers of the Minister ; thirdly, resident and visiting directors ; fourthly, a general staff of clerks and other officers ; fifthly, the hydrographers ; sixthly, the Inspector-Gene ral of the Fleets and his subordinates ; seventhly, the Board of Marine Ordnance, and the inspectors of the imperial woods and forests, charged with the selection of timber for naval purposes ; eighthly, the Victualling Department • ninthly, the Auditor-General's Depart ment ; tenthly, the Medical Staff ; eleventh, the two scientific bodies, one for the construction of buildings on the sea shore, and the other to superintend the building of ships of war; twelfth, the naval engineers ; and thir teenth, the Board of Economy, having the principal care of the fleet in the Black Sea." Talking of another of the Ministerial departments in the dominions of the Autocrat, that of the Cen sorship of the Press, M. Leouzon Le Duc observes 'The words Liberty and Freedom,, with all the adjec tives and adverbs derived therefrom, are prescribed and expunged from the Russian vocabulary ; and the fol lowing ludicrous anecdote will show the manner in which the censors act upon this prescription. Some time since, a professor of mathematics sent in the manuscript of a work on mechanics for the inspection of the board, soliciting permission to publish it. Now, it happened that in describing the action of some mechanical appara tus, the author stated that the wheels, springs, &c., worked freely; and further on he wrote that a straight line could be elongated into infinite space without the slightest limit; whereupon the censors struck . out both words—the first without any comment, the second on the ground that the Russian Emperor's authority was the only thing without limit in this world." Of this, of course, we may believe just as much as we please. And we may likewise read cum grano salis, the next paragraph "One man, indeed, determining to be on the safe side, and avoid being reprimanded from high quarters, deter mined not to suffer any new work to be published. It is affirmed that, when he was asked whether the Lord's Prayer would receive the favourable consideration of his tribu nal, he replied, I cannot precisely say just now ; there are some words that must be looked into—possibly the publication of them may be dangerous. Give us this day our daily bread' savours singularly of Socialism ; and the words, Thy kingdom come' may be construed into meaning that the subjects are not content with that of the good emperor with whom they are blessed." The description of the Russo-Greek Church, as here given, is something absolutely deplorable—that Church being shown to be the veriest travestie upon Christianity. Upon this head, M. Lbouzon. Le Due takes occasion to remark "The onward march of the Protestant and Roman Catholic Churches has been characterised by the most extended civilisation, by the emancipation of thought, and the amelioration of the political and social condition of communities, because there is a vivifying principle within them ; but the Russian Church is virtually a dead letter, for all is dark and cold within it ; its cere monies are marked by numerous prostrations, genu flexions, and other external signs but by nothing that springs from a high order of intelligence. In fact, the Russian Churoh may serve as a useful lever to promote the objects of despotic power, but it can never be a useful instrument wherewith to advance the liberties, the hap piness, and welfare of mankind." The chapter relating to the position of Russia, with regard to the Great Powers, is really masterly, and will repay a very careful examination. As to the Appendix relating to the First Prince Menschikoff, it reads like a romance, and might vie in interest with an effusion of the most ingenious and skilful of novelists. INCREASE IN THE PRICE OF GAEL—Meetings of the gas companies, it is understood, have been held, with the view of increasing the price of gas , consequent on the increased p r i ce o f coals and the strikes of colliers in the north. on the CONVERSlON heContinentare O v E ENGLAND.—The ND u L s A yi R o P m R i A s E c E l e rEgOyR TH — n their attempts to convert this country to the blessings of Popery. Prayers for this purpose have been printed in all languages, and the following is a translation of one published at Pesth, in German. The original is in the form of a small hand-bill, ornamented with a picture of the Virgin Mary, who is represented standing upon a serpent, crowned with glory, and with rays of light streaming from all her fingers :—" Almighty and ever lasting God, who halt ordained in thine unfathomable wisdom that men shall only be happy by means of the true faith, look down in pity upon England, once the island of the blessed, but which for a lung while past, being caught in the errors of heresy, has fallen from the true belief, drive away from it all the ignorance, and de stroy the vain, dark, false teaching which keeps it from Incline all their hearts to the knowledge of truth. listen with pleasure to the true faith, so that they may joyfully return to the bosom of Holy Mother Church, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. l e lyMary a Mother of God, pray for England. Holy Peter England's C r ha an Paul, pray for England. Holy Geor g e, ni Gregory, Cham pion, pray for this land. Holy Thomas of Father Canterbury,of pray for this land. Holy Pop e England, pray for this land. H ol y Augustin, England's Apostle, pray for this land. Holy Bomface, who came out of England an apostle to the Germans, pray for Eng land. Oh, Lord, make thy people happy and bless thine heritage ; let not their souls perish , which thy beloved Son has ransomed * with his precious blood, who, with thee and the Holy Ghost, liveth and reigneth for ever. Amen." SHIREIIAMPTON.—SINGULAR AND FATAL ACCIDENT. —Last week Mr. Power, of Bristol, with another gen tleman, went down to Shirehampton to dine with a friend, when the phaeton in which they drove was left in front of the house with the shafts turned up, the horse having been taken off. The carriage having at tracted the attention of a child between two and three years old, theson of Mr. Heaven, mason, of that place, the little fellow proceeded unobserved to play with it, when by some means he drew down the shafts, when the semi-circular iron which attaches them together, near the carriage, wheeling round, caught the child by the neck as if in a mousetrap, between it and theforecar riage. Here the little fellow was suspended, and actually strangled to death before he was discovered. No blame can be attached to any one, as no one could apprehend such an accident.—Bristol Paper. DEATH OF LIETJT. J. DII CANE.—It iS our painful duty, says the Essex Herald, to have to record the loss, at sea, of Lieut. John Du Cane, of the 60th Royal Rifles, third son of the late Capt. Du Cane, R.N., and brother to Charles Du Cane, Esq., of Braxted Park, in this county. Lieut. Du Cane sailed from East London for Capo Town, on the 22nd of June last, in a small vessel called the Espiegle, with the intention of taking his pas sage from Cape Town to England. The Espiegle has never since been heard of, and is supposed to have been lost with all hands on board in a tremenduous gale that she encountered shortly after leaving East London. Lieut. Du Cane was in his 25th year and a young officer of great promise, having been mentioned in terms of the highest praise in the last dispatch of Sir Harry Smith, for his gallantry in the action fought against the Kafirs in the Waterkloof immediately before the return of that General to England. FATAL ACCIDENT ON A RAILWAY. —On Monday an in quest was held at Manchester, before Mr. Herford, the coroner for that city, on the body of Ann Davis, aged 61, wife of a labourer in a chemical work. The deceased was travelling in a third-class carriage of the train which left Crewe for Manchester at 7.48 p.m. on Saturday , evening, and when the train reached the Longsight sta tion, about two miles from the Manchester terminus, she opened the door of the carriage, and attempted to get out before the train had come to a stand. The guard bad just seen that all the carriage doors were fast, when he heard a scream, and saw the deceased lying under the centre of his van, where she bad fallen in attempting to descend. She was disengaged from this perilous po sition, when it was found that both her legs had been cut off at the thigh by the wheels of the van, and she died in the course of a few minutes. One of her fellow passengers had told her when she rose from her seat that the guard would open the door, and deceased replied that she knew that, and then opened it herself. The jury found that her death was accidental. PREFERENCE SHARE& Aberdeen Do., No. 2, 7 p. 0 Eris. & Ex. 4 p. a. St Do. 4 p. c. Shares Caledonian £lO ! Chester & Holyhead Guar. 5i per cent Cork&Bandon 52 p.c Dundee Perth&Aber deen Junction EastAnglian (4310 x) 6 per cent. . ..... Do. (25) 7 per cent Do. (27170 7 p. ct Eastern Counties Ex tension, 5 p. c. No.l Do., No. 2 Do., New 6 p. c. St Eastern Union, Scrip Guar. 6 per cent EastLancash. 6 p. cts. Edinb.Prth.&Dundee 5i per cent Glasgow & S. Western guar. 5 per cent Great Northr 5 p.c Do. 5 p. c.,Redeom., at 10 p. c. pram Gt. Southn. &Westn (Ireland) Eighths Gt. Westn. (Berke & Hants Ex. 5 p. c.) G. West. fixed 4 p c Lan. & York. F. £2O, Do., 6 p. c., Stock London and:Brighton Guaranteed 5 p. a Do. Pref., 5 p. c. St Do. Convertible, 5 p c., 1852. Do. New Guar. 6 p.c. London & S. Western, Con. Thirds Londondeny& Coler. & Ennis. Sh Manch. ,Shef. , & in., j Shares, No. 1...... DC). Now, - 210 Do., £6. Marypt&Carl. 4 p. c. Do. 4i per cent D 0.............. Mid. Consol. 6 p. c. St. Do. Consol. Bristol & Birm. 6 per cent.... Do. Pref. 4i per cent. Norfolk Extension... Do. Pref. 56 per ct... Do. Way. Val. 5 p c North British North Staffordshire.. Oxford Worcester & Wolverh. £15,6 p. c Do Shrews& Birm. N. G Shrewsby. & Chester (Nor.W.Min),B p. c. Do. 5 per cent South Devon . t Do. New S. Eastern (Reading Ann.,) of Os.6d. S. Yorksh.4p. c. Guar. Waterfd. &Kilk.6p. c. York Newcastle and I3erwick,l p.e.Pref Do York& N. Midland IL & S. Purch ,•• • 198 : 102 16 -- 17, ... -- 6 - G 3 1 - 2 - - 4 1 p 1 - 41)1 1 - lipl 13 - 14 1 18 - 19 3 - 3. Ill? 7_,-1.6 1108 no 6i 7 99 101 id par 140 142 ••• - 2 - 3 12 - 13, 6 - 7 I 9 Par - 10 P ... - • • • ••• .....'.. 138 142 ld pa : - ... xj 16 - liii 23 -- 25 10 - PI i - 11 1 16 —l7 pi 91 —10 ii 13 14 Par i P 24 - 24: 19 - 20 ... .--- 96 99 4/ 4i ld id FOREIGN. 10 5 Autwrp & Rotterdam 24 5 3 Belgian East. Junct. 14 20 all Charleroi & Erquelin 20 10 Dijon and Besagon— 4 - I .l p 20 8 Dutch Rhenish 20 all East Indian 24 3 p 20 2 Do. Extension — 4 p 2 5 all Gt. Indian Peninsula 1 p 20 10 iGd, Junct. of France 14 —24 p 204 204 Gt. Westn. of Canada Shares '2 id 5 3 Lucca and Pistoja, 5 per cent. pref. — id 20 15 Luexembourg 5 - 64 10 10 Do. (Railway) 34 4 3i 5 2 Do 5 3 Do. (Canal) 1 14 10 5 Do. 6p. cent. pref. I—l 4 d 20 12 Lyons & Mediterran. 20 104 Madras - i P 334 29 Maria Antonia 10 10 Do. New — 20 all Namur & Liege (with interest 64 7 20 all Do. (ex interest) — 16 all Northern of France 324 —32 i 20 all Do. 201. 3p. c. Bds [fmy.B. &Ams. Shs. I 124 - 134 10 all I NorwegianTrnk Pref 7 8 20 10 ;Paris and Lyons 144 —l5 p 241 20 all Paris and Orleans 20 all Paris and Rouen 39 41 20 all 'Paris and Strasbourg 354 —36 36 20 4 IParisCaen& Cherbrg. 2 4 p 104 1041 Quebec & Richmond ... . d 20 all Rouen and Havre 20 all Sambre and Meuse 74 8 74 # 10 6 Do. 54 per cent. pref — 20 6 Southern of France 2 4 p j2O 2s. Upper India 5crip......- 84 all West Flanders 3 20 10 IDo. 54 per c. Pref — ...d 10 10 Western of France 7A 20 4 West. of Switzerland 1 id 10 12 New Zealand...._ 3 e 2 SHERIFFS' COU.RT.--October 4. TRANSMISSION OF NEWSPAPERS BY PO ST. --- IMPORTANT TO NEWSPAPERS.-CLIFFORD V. WALTON. This was an action to recover the sum of 1/. 19s. for newspapers supplied. The plaintiff is a well-known news-agent in the City, and the defendant is a gentleman of great repute in the country. The question raised was, whether an order given to a country bookseller could be construed into an order to the London agent. It appeared that the plaintiff had for many years been in the habit of sending newspapers directed to the defendant. Several bills, extending over & period of seven years, had been paid by defendant, who now disputed the claim, on the ground that he had given the order to another party. A discussion also arose as to the point of delivery, the papers having been sent through the Post-office in the usual way. His Honour said the continuous payments proved a liability —the irregularity, so much complained of, was a matter to be settled -elsewhere. He did not receive newspapers with the regularity he wished, but he thought that everybody wished to get the first information, and he felt glad when he got it at all. Verdict for plaintiff. MELANCHOLY AND FATAL ACCIDENT.—ShortIy after ten o'clock yesterday forenoon, a female, whose name is Barrett, and who resides at No. 6, Bond-place, Com mercial-road, Lambeth, returned to her home, after being absent a few minutes, and on entering her apart ment she was horror-stricken at finding it full of " sr f a und and in one corner of the room near the door, was° her two children huddled together, one a fine bog three or four years of age, completely enveloped.e 0 !"'""" The and the other with the fire mounting over It: poor woman in her fright seized hold of the ; ran down stairs with him in her arms, and threw him into a water butt in the garden. Mr. Smith, the un dertaker of the th r ow the child into Waterloo-road, on seeing the female e d that she wa the butt of water, at first imy e i therefore rushed forward act of murdering the child. for the purpose of apprehending fn le tinh o ge f thenou.svgt h a o o i the spot he found the mother pulling burned hetrhO. the chil d over po butt. It was most frightfully. its body and head— the ize. I T at h t e er fe b ni elanlge,soin carrying blistered as to severely burned Over 'the h present double its aahands. sufferer down, was also The other child was rescued by a man named Cook, but that child was also severely scorched about the face. The fire in the room was soon extinguished by the aid of a few buckets of water and buck e ts of quickly on the fire was extinguished before their arrival. un fortunate sufferer was conveyedthe spot, but The fortunately to the hospital, the mother following and screaming most frantically through the streets. Such was the • serious nature of the injuries the child had received, that it is understood life was ex tinct by the time it reached the hospital. How the fire was caused is a mystery. SHOOTING A , PHEASANT OUT OF SEASON.—Mr. Polley, o f Levett s Farm, Sandon, appeared to answer an information laid against him, for having shot a pheasant on the 17th September, such.day not being within the limits prescribed by the act for pheasant shooting. He was fined 10s. and costs.— Essex Herald. l i ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.—At the usual quar terly meeting of the, comitia majora, held on Friday, September 30th, the following gentlemen, having under gone the necessary examinations for diploma, were ad mitted members of the college :—Dr. Callaway, Lon i don ; Dr. Coote, Oxford ; Dr. Ballard, London. MARKET NEWS-(THIS DAY.) CORN EXCHANGE. Owing to the warlike news from Turkey, the market for English wheat was decidedly firmer to-day. Holders were very firm, and, in some instances, prices advanced is to 2s per quarter. The supply on offer was very limited. The amount of business doing in foreign wheat was by no means extensive, yet the quotations were from is to 2s higher than last week. Floating cargoes were hold for more money. We had a fair inquiry for barley and malt, at extreme quotations. We had an improved sale for oats, at 6d per quarter more money. Beans, peas, and flour were the turn higher. ARRIVALS THIS WEEK. Wheat. Barley. Malt. 1,640 1,790 840 English .. Irish .... Foreign .. Oats. I Flour. 30 1,850 1,380 1,500 I- 1,550 I 6,i;Obrl WHITECHAPEL. Only a moderate business was doing to-day, as follows : Beef from 3s 2d to 48 ; mutton, 3s 8d to 4s 10d ; veal, 3s 10d to 5s Od ; pork, 3s 10d. to 5s Od. per Blbs by the carcase. BOROUGH HOP. Our market is excited, and prices are still on the ad vance. Duty, 135,0001. to 140,000/. LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.) S.W. ; li g ht air, LONDON,nd dull, Oct. h s.—Wind dri at zz Nn li o n o g , rain at tim es . sa DOVER, Oct. 4.—The Corsairs Bride, from L on d on t o hazy weather, this withday Ceylon, ashore on the Newcombe Sand, has been got off and into harbour, with 8 feet water in her hold, after wards grounded in the outer harbour, has commenced dis charging her cargo. FOLKESTONE, Oct. s,—The Santipore, from London to Hobart Town, Is ashore on the rocks here, and likely to go to pieces ; passengers landed. DEAL, Oct. 4.—The Ealing Grove, from London to Algoa Bay, grounded on the Deal Bank, but is not much damaged. BRIDGEWATER, Oct. 3.—Arrived—Ada and Marinios, Quebec. PORTSMOUTH, Oct. 4.—Wind, S.W. to W.S.W. Ar rived—Tubal Cain and Marie Leoadie, London, and both sailed for Melbourne ; H.M.S. President, Chatham; Polo naise, Dundee, for Melbourne. COWES, Oct. 4.—Arrived—Gezina, Galatz, for Fal mouth ; cargo reported to be heated. FALMOUTH, Oct. 4.—Wind, W.S.W., strong. Bahiana, Bahia ; Flora, Labrador ; Jamaica, Bahia. SHIELDS, Oct. 3.—Sailed—William Patten, Madras. SUNDERLAND, Oct. 2.—Sailed—Queen of Ava, Rangoon. DOUGLAS (Isle of Man), Oct. 2.—Arrived—Briton, Singapore, for Clyde. PORTLAND ROADS, Oct. 3.—Sailed—Phoenix, Geelong; BRIDLINGTON BAY, Oct. 3.—Arrived—Herondo, Que bec, for Stockton. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) a )(too tk d losts. a n ttnhncooehnraoarr soluncal and LIVERPOOL, Wednesday, 10.45 a.m. Wind, S.—Arrived—Sarah Ellen, from Parsborough, N.S. ; and Phoebe from Constantinople. Sailed—The Centurion, J. A. Westervelt, and Columbia, for New York. Wind, s.w._ArQuriEvEeNds_TNowioNo,l,Wfreodmnesaaidazt,z.lo.3o Off Port—Naremissac, from New York ; and Eliza, Monte Video. chain from (BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAinPudHfgos. DEAL, Wednesday, 9.44 a.m. strong.—American ship St. Louis, Wind, S.W., blowing andf rom proceededL oncl London, f t o o r 3 11 a e r : og p riih r t oCeeded to l being sent from hence. ship, nameupon theumn unknown, lfs a ' t n n f d r i Ph A ili D p, u s t t c r h tto sh k i slipped from a nchor and chains, Put Back —Camilla, Lady Nugent, Alexander,leeward, several others. TEE CHOLERA. (From, the General Board of Health, Whiteh,all.) NEWCASTLE - UPON-TYNE. Deaths on the 3d of October : Cholera ... Diarrheas.. 19 2 T. he total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhcea in 2iewcastle during the present outbreak has been 1,41. In the same period (viz., the first 33 days) during the prevalence of epidemic cholera there in 1831-'2 the number of deaths was 239. HEXHAM. Deaths on the 3d of October : Cholera ANNANDALE, N.B. Died on the 2d of October : Cholera STOCKTON. Died on the 3d of October : Cholera SOUTH SHIELDS. Died on the 2d of October : Cholera The total number of deaths from cholera in South Shields to the 2d inst. has been 35. GATESHEAD. Deaths on the 3d of October : Cholera . Diarrhoea The total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in Gateshead to the present date has beeu 394. During the like period (viz., the first 27 days) in 1831-2, the deaths amounted to 139. (Front the London, Gazette of last night.) BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 3. The Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of the Privy Council for Trade and Plantations, with a view of p:eventing the spread of Cholera on board merchant ship pifig, have caused to be issued and circulated the following instructions and notice for the information and warning of mariners and shipowners : CHOLERA. Instructions to Captains of Ships, prepared by the General Board of Health. Captains of Ships are heroby warned 1. What to avoid. Overcrowding—The amount of breathing space for the mon which may suffice in ordinary times is insufficient in an epidemic season.. Increase space as much as practicable, Permit no sails, large trunks, or any part of the cargo to occupy the forecastle. If sufficient additional space can not be otherwise obtained, erect a temporary tent on deck by awning, sails, &c., for the men at night, taking care that they sleep warm and dry. Ventilate the forecastle and every part of the ship with fresh air as freely as possible. Pure air is the first essential requisite to safety. Dampness —To lessen the danger from dampness let the boards be dry-rubbed. Let the men change their wet clothes whenever practicable, and never allow the wet clothes to remain below an instant. A thick flannel belt or bandage around the stomach or loins would be a great defence for sailors. Flannels or Guernsey frocks should be worn next the skin. Sudden and violent attacks of cholera often follow a chill. Filth--Let every part of the ship be kept as clean and sweet as possible, and enjoin personal cleanliness on the men. Vessels affected by bilge water should be pumped out frequently, especially steamers. Unwholesome Food.—Articles of food which may be taken with little inconvenience in ordinary times may be dangerous in an epidemic season. The best articles of food are meat, good biscuits, rice, oatmeal, and good pota toes. Solid food is better than fluids, and therefore at this time it would be advisable to give the crew beef and mutton instead of soup. Care should be taken to avoid all tainted meat and decayed vegetables. Special atten tionpaid to having a supply of pure water. All river s should b water n e ear towns should be avoided. Excess.—Great moderation in food and drink is abso lutely essential to safety. A single act of indiscretion has been followed by a severe attack ; intemperance at such a time is fraught with extreme danger. An epidemic at mosphere commonly produces great depression, both of body and mind, and a desire for stimulants. If for the relief of this feeling recourse be had to gin or brandy, the result may be fatal. Purgative Medicines.—No purgative medicines of any kind should be taken at this season—unless under medical direction. Glauber's Salts and Epsom Salts are especially dangerous. Owners and masters should provide themselves with the necessary medicines immediately. IL What to do. Cholera is commonly not so sudden in its attack as is supposed. It usually gives warning of its approach for some hours, and often for a day or two, by some degree of looseness about the bowels. This may be slight, and it is almost always without pain ; but let no one be put off his guard by this circumstance. The master should, by obser. vation and inquiry, take notice of the health of the crew ; and for his guidance, until such time as he may be able to obtain medical assistance, the following recommendations are subjoined : If any man should be attacked with any degree of loose ness of the bowels the following medicine should be given to him at once : 15 or 20 grains of opiate confection, mixed with two table spoonful of peppermint water, or with a little weak brandy and water warm. This should be re peated every three or four hours, or oftener if the attack is severe. If this medicine is not at hand, eight or ten drops of laudanum may be substituted for the opiate con fection. If the purging is severe, and especially if attended with vomiting or coldness, the man should go to bed immedi ately, and be kept warm. Bottles of hot water, or bags filled with salt or bran, should be applied to the stomach and feet, and along the spine. A large poultice of mustard and vinegar should be put over the stomach, and kept on 15 or 20 minutes. The above medicines should be continued every hour, or every two or three hours, according to the emergency of the case, until a doctor can be got. Rest and warmth in bed are essential until medical assistance arrives; but not a moment should be lost in seeking medical aid. NOTICE TO MASTERS AND OWNERS OF SHIPS PREPARED AND ISSUED BY THE BOARD OF HEALTH. The approach of cholera having rendered it necessary to take all possible precautions, and experience having shown that the disease spreads rapidly and fatally wherever there is overcrowding, dirt, and want of ventilation, the atten tion of masters and owners of ships is especially called to the following sections of the Mercantile Marine Act : Section 63. " Every place in any ship occupied by sea men or apprentices, and appropriated to their use, shall have a space of not less than nine superficial feet for every adult, measured on the deck or floor of such place,. which shall be kept free from stores or goods of any kind not being their personal property in use during the voyage ; and every such place shall be securely and properly con structed, and well ventilated." Section 69. " If any place in any ship occupied by sea men or apprentices, and appropriated to their use, is not in the whole sufficiently large to give such space as herein before required, or if any such place is not securely and properly constructed and well ventilated, the owner shall for every such offence be liable to alpenalty not exceeding twenty pounds ; and if any such space as aforesaid is not kept free from goods and stores as aforesaid, the Master shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not ex ceeding ten pounds." Masters and Owners of Ships are hereby warned that the Board of Trade will, if occasion shall arise, take measures to enforce the abovo enactments, by inspection, and, if ne cessary by legal proceeedings. By order of the Board, F. W. BEECHEY. W. H.WALKER." T. H. Farrar, Secretary. A fatal case occurred in Blandford-street, Marylebone, on the 2d inst. The patient, a young man, had been for some days previously taking, most imprudently, seidlitz powders. Several inmates of the house are affected with diarrhoea. In the rear are some most of fensive impurities, which have been long neglected. Another fatal case occurred on the same day in York court, Baker-street, Marylebone. This day (Tuesday) a fatal case of cholera occurred at 52, Park-street, Gros venor-squan, in the person of the wife of a relieving officer of St. Marylebone parish. Death occurred 25 hours after attack. Between the 23d and the 27th ult. as many as seven cases were seen by one of the resident medical men in Bermondsey ; four proved fatal. In the majority there had been neglected diarrhoea. A fresh case occurred yesterday morning in the same gentleman's practice. He attributes this attack to the horrible effluvia from a foul ditch which had been stirred up the day before, the black mud being left exposed on its banks. There was a fatal case in Deptford on the 30th ult. Diarrhoea had been for five days neglected ; the duration place in 1849. A severe case of of the cholera sy m p to ms was abou t 24 hours. The case occurr ed in Creek - street, a very filthy locality , where csehrieraraliededaitahrrs diarrhoea has also occurred in So mers - street, another filthy spot. The patient has recovered. Dr. Milroy (Medical Sup erintendin g Ins p e ctor of the G e neral Board of Health) , ac com p ani ed by Mr. Hall, of pting t h e Poor-law Board, had a conference to-day (Tuesd a y) w ith the local authorities of Lambeth, and pressed up on the measures requisite public health i n th a t par i s h, f t o h r e them the the p importance retec tion of theof adopting which it is well known-abounds i lific causes of disease. n many parts with pro- TYNRMOUTH DISTRICT. Oct. 3.—This district covers a considerable area of the south-east division of Northumberland, and contains a population of ab ou t 66,000 persons. It joins Newcastle at Walker, an d goes as far north as Blyth. There has been a con s id era b le amount of cholera in several of the villages o f th e union, the most fatal cases being in How don, a lar ge village on the banks of the Tyne, at present unfortunately with a considerable increase to its popu lation, by a number of navvies finding employment in excavating the new Hayhole Dock. By some oversight the registrar has not received an official return from that village, but the deaths have either been fifteen or sixteen, and there is still a good deal of sickness. Tynemouth township has a population of 16,699 persons; North Shields, 13,825. During the quarter ending September 30, 1849 (the cholera year), there were 210 deaths in Tynemouth ; the corresponding quarter of this year, the ordinary mortality has been 66 deaths. In North Shields in 1849, 359 deaths ; the corresponding quarter of this year, 74 deaths. SOUTH SHIELDS. Oct. 3.—Two trimmers, stout able men, who were employed at Pelaw Main, came down here, and died suddenly of cholera during the latter part of last week ; they were "marrows." A female is lying in a dangerous state in the same neighbourhood where the men died. MANCHESTER. Another case of cholera was spoken of yesterday morning, but it was not known whether it was a real case of the Asiatic disease. PROPOSED HYDRAULIC RAILWAY.— A new style of railway, substituting water for atmospheric pressure, has been proposed both here and in France, with a view to economical working and security from accident. Th e actuating power is to be obtained by means of continuous water power betwee n the rails b y artificial p re ssure. 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