The Sun. — London, England, 1822-10-14 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE• PARIS, OCT. IL—The Duke of Wellington swill not go from Vienna to Verona till after the , return of a courier whom he sent from Munich to London. This courier, with the utmost possible .41iligence, cannot return to Vienna till the 14th , or 15th. It is supposed that the deliberations .of Congress, as far as regards Spain, cannot be -opened wßhout the presence of an English Mini ster. The English. Cabinet 'expects a messenger from Sir W. A'Court, now at Madrid, with im portant information. The Emperor of Russia set _off for Verona on the morning of the 2d. In cer tain circles it is said that M. Capo d'lstria, and 'nil those who participate in his political views with respect to Greece, will retire from office. — The 'Emperor Alexander is expected at Verona VII the 16th. It is reported that the two Em perors intend to visit Rome. Prince Metternich . left Vienna on the 30th ult.—(Journal des .1M bats.) M. tie Tatischieff is appointed Russian Am bassador to the Court of Austria, with a salary of 150,000 florins.--(/bid.) The Society of the XXIX, formed at Paris on the birth of the Duke of.l3ourdeaux c elebrated, on the 9th inst., the day of St. Denis, Patrdn of Fra!nce,in the fine place de Lambert, street .of Richelieu, its fifth Royalist Banquet, under the presidence of the Chevalier Delarue, to surround with its homage in the same festival the cradle ofi the Dieu-Donne, and that of his Blatt- Ariousgrandsire the Count d'Artois. Among the g uests, whose .number at this time exceeded twenty-nine, were seen. several -members of • the clergy, marshals de camp, superior officers of the royal guard, several former defenders of Lyons, men of letters, merchants and manufacturers. In the midst of the healths of the King, hisßoyal Highness Monsieur, and thee:titer members of the Royal Family, which were drank with as much enthusiasm as love, the solemn toast in honour of the Duke of Bourdeaux was embellished by a parti staler circumstance :—lt watethe appearance, amidst the orna ments of the desert, of a flower which our Henry lately offered himself to a deputation of the XXIX, and which the Society, .who keeps with care in its archives, this pledge from the hand of the young Prince, had found the means of preserving in its primitive freihness. The.birth-day.of the Duke of Bourdeaux was celebrated at Narbonne, in a manner worthy of its object. The officers, sub-officers and soldiers of the 3 9th regiment of the line, in garrison at I'larbenne, had already given a mark of their attach ment to the Bourbons, on St. Louis's day : Encouraged by sue xess, as well as by the necessity of expressing the feelings which .animate the 39th, they prepared alike fete for the birth-day of the Duke of Bourdeaux. A great number of the inhabitants of _Narbonne, animated by the same .feelings and and zealous to par ' take the joy which such a day inspires, ored a repast to the offters of the garrison, and distributed wine to each soldier of the 39th. The evening, fire works were let off. The next day, 4he 30th, the sub-officers of the 39th represented three pieces, which they had prepared for the benefit of the poor.—( Journal des Debats. ) M. Laffitte, General Foy, and M. Keratry, have applied by separate petitions to the Keepers of the Seals, to institute pro eeilings against the Procureur-General of the Court of Poitiers for defamation.—( lbid.) A Letter from Poitiers, dated Saturday O'cto ber 5, states— " The rejection of the Appeal in Cessation arrived at two o'clock this morning. " At six o'clock the Prefect and, the Advocate-General re „paired to the prison to inform Berton and Caffe that they were to be executed at 11 o'clock ; and Fradin and Senechault that they had obtained the pardon of the King. The worthy Ecclesiastics who had offered their services in vain to the two condemned, renewed their solicitations, and tamed the morning along with them. At half-past nine o'clotk,r Caffe, who was lying in bed with a coverlid over him, haYing the air of listening to his confessor, who was looking athim, opened the crural vein in the left groin with a lristouri which tee had preserved among his clothes, or had obtained.. His death was instantaneous, he had merely time to say to the Re elesiastic, Give me your blessing, and embrace me.' It was • in:the arms of the Priest that he died. The necessary report Itas been draWn up, and his corpse remains in prison. " At a few minutes befdre noon Berton left the prison to go to the scaffold. As soon as the suicide of Caffe was knOwn, • Barton's arms were confined. M. Baudouin, canon, accompanied teirn. He was dressed in a blue great coat—his head covered with a casque. " After mounting, the Priests again approached him, but he said to them, c leave me alone' (laissez mai tranquille. ) • " Berton was pale but firm. He looked about both to the left and right in his way to the scaffold, When he arrived at tioi foot of it he mounted alone, and cried at first with a stilled voice—` Vive la France !" Viz 4 la Liberte But a few in •stants afterwards he turned his head, and with a strong voice eried—' Encore tine foie wive la France !" Vice la Liberte.' " There were only a few spectators ; the windows were tined on the route, but those looking on the Place du Pilor were all shut. " Saugi and Jaglin were to be executed on Monday at Thouars. Their escort is divided for the route in such a mane net, that they will arrive in one day. Jaglin, who never leaves off weeping, has confessed. Sange has constantly, refused the aid of religion. " It is believed that Berton had also the intention to put an end_ to himself; the coat which he put on in the morning was new, and he told the gaoler to send the tailor to him that he -aright settle his account. The cords with which he was bound probably hindered him from executing his design. " They write from the same town, Bth October :—The sen -tence passed on Jaglin and Sange was yesterday executed at Thouses at half-past twelve o'clock. The greatest tranquillity prevailed in the town ' - no assemblage of people took place, no seditious cry was heard. Jaglin displayed the greatest peni tence ; in mounting the scaffold he cried 'Vice le Rai !' Saugi, on the contrary, cried Vive la Liberte! Vive la Republique !' " —( el:: Debats. ) SMYRNA, AuG. 30.—1 n the beginning of this month, the insurgents, with vessels with latine sails, effected a landing between Carabournou and •Cfazomene, quite near Smyrna, after which they pillaged and took off all the grain and cattle,they could find on two large estates. They then burnt the two houses, and destroyed as much as they could the Alines. After re-embarking,; they fell in, on clearing the gulph, with two Algerine transports. A fight ensued, in which the Bar baresques had three killed and several wounded. .The loss of the Greeks is not known. This event, which passed, it may be said, under our eyes, produced a very disagreeable feeling among the Mahometans, and awoke painful recollections, but happily without any fatal consequences to the 'Greeks of our town, who, from their peen,. liar situation', are more affected than the Turks at odious crimes of this nature. * ** The Greeks of the Morea boast of having drawn a body of Turkish cavalry into an ambush, ,and cut it in pieces. If this news were true, it ,could change nothing of the issue of things.-- Every day goes to increase the ascendant of the ,Ottomans in the Morea by reinforcements ; while, on the contrary, the Greeks daily diminish'. 01,the eight hundred Greeks disciplined like an jEuropean re gimentocarcel y three hundred remain. 'The Turkish garrison of Napoli de Romania has 'been reinforced, but went of grain was felt; meanwhile the Turks cannot support themselves ou camel's flesh, with which they are abundantly provided. Napoli de MOlvoisia is in the hands .„ of the Greeks, General Genataky, a Maniote, Commands there with 40 soldiers of his country, and 150 armed peasants. Orly a dozen soldiers guard the citadel, whcli it would be difficult to take, except by famine, if it were tolerably de . _fended . -We have news direct from Coron of the 22d. The Turks are ,quietly masters of the 'town and fortress. Some hundred Greeks encamped at a little distance, blockade it. Want of victuals and money began to be felt; but the fate of these towns will, soon be changed. According to news from the. town Negropont, of Aug. 20, and later from Castel-Rosso, a town at the end of the Isle the Turks were masters of all the forts and country. Some Greek insur gent ships were in the Canal, or rather the gulf, tiring at the land without any result to compen , sate the loss of powder. Castel-Rosa had been in want of grain, but was just supplied.' lit both places the progress of the Ottoman arms in the Morea, but , not the'details, were known. But it was known positively that the Greeks were every where reduced to a sad state ; that they were in want of every thing, especially money. AUGUST 27.—The write from Naxi,' of August 23, that the greatest alarm prevails, and many persons think of flight. According to particular information arrived at this moment, many of the rich at Ipsara were on the point of taking refuge in foreign countries with the vessels they had prepared ; but the people hearing of it, forcibly opposed their departure, and even took away the rudders from the vessels. Up to this morning, the third and last of the Courbam Bay ram of the Turks, every thing has passed off well, owing to a good police.—( Spectateur Oriental.) TittesTp, SEPT. 28.--44etters from Patras have been received, stating that the new Capitan Paella died of , the plague the 7th of September on board his flag-ship. Aix -LA-Criai.E I-LE, OCT. 6.—( Extract of a private Letter.)—" According to letters from Italy of a recent date, couriers from the English Cabinet arrived successively at Turin, Rome, and Naples; tney were the bearers of dispatches of great importance for the governments of these countries. " Since the death of the Marquess of Londonderry, attention is generally fixed on Prince Metternich, who is at present the most important person among the Ministers of State who are to meet at the Congress, as much from his influence as one of the creators of the system of the Holy Alliance, as by the high functions with which he is clothed. We, know by a letter from Vienna, that this Minister, before his departure, gave himself up to business of his office with great activity, in concert with M. de Gentz, who possesses his entire confidence. Thus he will repair to the Congress with immense materials, which will give long subjects of deliberation to the Ministers of the other powers." VIENNA, SEPT. 29.—The mail from Constantinople of the 10th has brought no news of importance. Lord Strangtord (as we stated in our Paper of the 23d) had embarked on the sth of this month to go to Varna, and thence to Bucharest and Vienna. After being two days on board, and hindered by. stormy weather, he despaired of reaching his des tined port, and resolved to return to Constantinople, where he landed again on the 9th. The same day he set out by land (his Lordship stopped three days at Bucoarest,) said arrived at Vienna on the'night of the 25th of this month. Accounts from Zante of the middle of August relate the his tory of the late operations of the Turks in the Morea and Al bania, upon the whole, entirely as we were previously informed of them by the reports from Constantinople ; a coincidence, which, considering the distance of the places, and the differ ence of the sources, was hardly to be expected. From these re ports, which it is true, still leave many things in the dark, it again appears that Chourschid Pacha penetrated into the Morea through the defiles of Thermopylx, over the mountains of Ge ramos and illegara, while other corps proceeded from Patras against Corinth and Argos. 'These. reports are as silent about a battle at 'Thermopylae as those from Constantinople. The report from Zante contained many remarkable data re lative to the internal situation of the Peninsula at the time when the Turkish troops advanced. It appears from them that anarchy had reached the highest degree in that unhappy country. Colocotroni, after leaving the corps which was oe sieging Patras, went to Tripoliza, where, together:with De metrius Ypsilanti, and the 'bey of Maina, he published a declaration, stating, that the Government had betrayed the country. n conformity with this declaration, he resolved to arrest all the members of the Government, to suspend the Con : .stitution, and to establish in its stead a purely Military Go : v:ernment. They immediately proceeded to execute these re solutions ; 22 of the Members of the Government were arrested;' among theSe was die well known Archbishop of Patras, who passed for the author of the Greek insurrection. lie was conveyed to Tripoliza, where his sacred character alone protected him from the fury of the populace, and a disnacettil death. The others were to be sent prisoners to Hydra; but several of them, for instance, Londo-Thanos and Papadia mandopulo, seem to have saved themS3ves by flight. Large sums of money are said to have Peen found in the possession of -the War Minister, Collettis, which were very welcome to the Triumvirate. The misery of the country has attained the greatest degree under these military regents. They rob and plunder worse than the most inveterate enemy could do. They treat as their property.the little that the inhabitants have saved. They con- , vey their booty to the Mainote Mountains; where they will en deavour, either to maintain themselves, or at least to capitulate on the best turns ttiat it may be possible to obtain.—(Austrian Observer.) VIENNA, SEPT. 30.—Prince Metternich set out this morning for the Congress at Verona, by way of'. Salzburgh and Ins pruck. Baron Von Surmer wilt direct the affairs of the Foreign Department during his absei:ce.— ( ilastrian Observer.) OCT. I.—The Duke of Wellington arrived here in the course of the last night, and alighted at the apartments prepared - for him, in the Hotel of the Aulic Council of War. His Highness Prince Hardenburg, the Prussian Chancellor of State, has ar rived here this afternoon. _ _ HYDRA, AUG. 17.—The Greeks here are much agitated, and put on a good face at a losing game ; they shew much confidence in their strength, and are-ready to make rejoicings for the victory they are to gain. They . propose to go and at tack at Patras the Ottoman fleet, with eighty of their vessels,. accompanied, as they say, with thirty :ire-ships. They are to meet at Spezzia. .Bere the island they believe themselves secure, by means of several bat.eries ready to tire red hot balls. Betnre long toe shall see the result of all this boasting, and if they mean all this seriously. • " AUGUST 22.---The Captain of an European vessel in passing before Ipsara, counted 40 vessels at anchor in the port. The donouernent approaches ; if once the Noma is subdued, the Turkish squadron will have nothing to do but to chase the tireek fleet's: _ _ . BRUSSELS, OCT. B.—Two French Journals printed at Ma drid, one called the Regulateur, and the other Roussole, have been obliged to stop for want of subscribers. A third has just succeeded this by the title of The Spanish Observer, or Guide of the Liberals. Yesterday we received the second and third numbers, which seem to have been sent in profusion to different cities in Belgium. These numbers were accompanied with a printed notice which says, `• This Journal will reach you in spite of wind and tide." The Editor seems to hope to get many subscribers in the Netherlands. We abstain from saying any thing of the spirit of this Journal, of which our readers may judge, but we may affirm that the Editor is a Frenchman, and that he was ode of the most active assistants of the Nain Jaune when it was published at Brussels, and of some other Journals of the same description, which disgraced at that time the presses of Belgium. Eight commercial couriers, some from London, some from Paris, passed through Antwerp yesterday, going to Amsterdam. OCT. 10.—A Russian. Cabinet Messenger passed through this city this morning on his way from Vienna to Paris. Three commercial couriers from Paris to Amsterdam passed through yesterday. CoPEsuLtioErt, OcT. Captains of the vessels re turned from Greenland say that the late winter was not severe in those seas. But few whales were seen, and it is conjectured that the Polar ice, which for some years past has been breaking loose and approaching towards the South, opens a passage for these fish into the higher regions. Almost all the whalers have been unsuccessful.—(Brussels Papers, Oct. 11.) SPAIN. BAYONNE, OCT. s.—Nothing positive is known of the movement of the Constitutional army in Catalonia since the taking of Cervera. Only, according to the accounts of seve ral travellers who have arrived post from Saragossa, it should seem that after the taking of Cervera, Mina had marched on Cardona and occupied it. This Would bring him near Urgel, the point of view of all his movements. Moreover, Constitu tional troops march from all points of Spain to join the army of Mina, who alone has now any thing to do. This General will soon have an imposing force, and will shew the factious what he can do. On their side, the serviles circulate the report that the Army of the Faith has got possession of Figueras and Tarragona, but as these places are fortresses of the first order, and would require to subdue them much more forces than all the factious together have, it is evident that the reports are only spread to give confidence to the servile party. Two brigs with warlike sores entered our port to-day. A heavily laden each passed yesterday through this'town for Spain. It is from Saxony, and bears, it is said, an agent intrusted with a negociation for the return of the Queen to her native country. It is presumed he will succeed. We have learned that the plague had shewn itself at Cadiz 1 and St, Mary's. Happily the season is so far advanced o that we have nothing to fear; but we should not be surprised if the news should cause the re-opening of the Lazarets.—( Con stitutionnel. FROM THE FRONTIERS OF SPAIN. Letters from Bourdeaux of. Oct. 5, and the Journals from Bourdeaux of the 7th, give no information concerning Figueras. The most probable account reduces it to the capture of the town of Figneras, an open place, situated at some distance from the fortress. The consequences also of the affair in which Tabuenca was made prisoner, are differently related. La Roche d'Aquitaine gives the following d'etails . ". After having completely beaten and dispersed Quesada, Tabuenca had the imprudence to pursue him unrelentingly to Catalonia with only 600 men. " Baron D'Ernles, informed of this, directed his march to Tabuenca's rear, who found'himself surrounded by about 5,000 factious. " The combat was extremely bloody, the two parties fight ' ing all the l tlth. Tabuenca and his men fought with great per severance against superior forces. " Compelled by numbers and fatigue, and having more than 300 men killed, the Colonel, covered with wounds, was made prisoner. It is said that he was afterwards shot. " His resistance has cost the insurgents very dear. They had between 500 and 600 men killed, and 700 wounded. • - " General Mina appears to have taken a proper revenge on the,rebels. His advanced guard has completely beat the Army of the Faith on the road to Cervera, which he entered and put every body.to the sword whom he met, and concluded by desroy ing the town. Cervera was one of the principal supports of the factious, and, had been Menaced by General, Torrejos that it should be razed." The courier from, Madrid did not arrive at Bayonne on the sth. The Journals of Bordeaux, however, give the following particulars : " The garrison of Madrid is at present 10,000 strong. The people of the capital appear to desire a change in the Ministry. They write from Cadiz, Sept. 19, the Spanish frigate, Constitu tion, has received orders to be in readiness to sail, to carry, it is said, persons - - of great distinction to America ; merchant ships bound to Havannah and t,6 Vera Cruz may proceed under her convoy. • " Lieut.-General D'Autichamp, commanding the eleventh, military division; left Bourdeaux on the 6th for Bayonne." • P.S. A letter -from Madrid by an extraordinary channel, contains what follows : ".M. Saint Martin, formerly Political Chief of Madrid, was arrested yesterday on the requisition of the Fiscal. He seems compromised in the affair of the Guards of July 7."—( Journal des Debats. ) [From the Madrid Journals.] MADRID, OCT. 5.- , —The Cortes have hold their last prepa ratory sitting, and have appointed President, Senor Salvato; Vice-President, Senor Domenech ; and Secretaries, Senors Gonzalo-Alonzo; Moreno, Strrano, and Zuluota. The King is to open the Sittings in per Son on the 7th. Colonel Tabuenca and the officers taken in the affair of the 18th by the factious, in Catalonia, have been barbarously mur dered by them. This atrocity has produced a strong sensation here. The Commandant General of the sixth district writes as fol lows from his head-quarters at Ilinate, under the date of the 28th ult., to the Secretary of• State for the War department : " Yesterday the -third column occupied Sales Altas, the first, the second, and the head-quarters.remaining at Barbastro, and the enemy retiring to the left of the Cinca. To-day the troops executed a simultaneous movement, which made us masters of the boats: the third column occupies .the Grado, the second remains of a reserve at Costean, and the van-guard and head-quarters occupy this point, by which means the passages of the river are guarded. We learn, through various concur ring channels, that the enemy's van guard occupied La Puebla, two hours' march hence ; 'they have in Graus about '2,000 men under Qtiesada, 200 in Rode, and 400 in Benabarre. I pro pose to attack them to-morrow in Graus, if they stay to receive me ; and if not, I will endeavour to overtake them. The rug gedness of these mountains, the impetuous course of the rivers Cinca and Hesera, and the cold which is already felt, as the summits of the mountains are covered with snow, will render it impossible for the trooper-to bivouac many nights longer, and will prevent the flanksfrom manoeuviins with so much facility as might be wished. This day.two prisoners who had served in the army underwent militarrexeeution, conformably to the mode prescribed by law." ' SIXTII MILITARY DISTRICT. " Most Excellent Senor,—This morning the troops passed the River-Cinca, the three divisions marching by the way of La Puebla ; and the second, under the command of Colonel Asura, remaining there. The first division under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Gurred pursued the enemy on his left flank as far as Torres del Obsipo, while I marched forward with the third as a rear-guard. The cavalry, which advanced at a trot, could not overtake the enemy, and it is likely they will not stop until they arrive at the Conca de Tremp. To morrow morning we shall continue the pursuit, with the inten tion of bringing them to a battle, though I do not expect to suc ceed, as, according to all accounts, they have continued to oc cupy this country since the affair of Benabarre, merely in order to find subsistence, supposing that we should not have sufficient force to drive them out, as'we have surprised them by doing. The force of Quesada is about 1,500 Navarians, and 400 or 500 Arragonese. Last night and to-day a number of Navarrians dispersed themselves in troops, and tha same thing happened with the Arragonese,' who were in Tamarite. I have issued orders for a column to advance from Jaca and take the Sierra de (;aura, and impede the passage of the Navarrians. Heaven preserve your Excellency many years. " Head-quarters, at Graus, Sept. 29, 1822." " On the 24th General Espinosa gave a good lesson to the factious between Aiber and Sada, in the vicinity of Sanguesa. The national troops did not exceed 500 men, and those of the 'factious amounted to 1,300, who with their junta were proceed ing to station themselves at Tafalla. The result was, that the factious party had upwards of 40 killed and 60 wounded, while our troops had only 18 slightly wounded . ; among the number were five officers. Such - was the terror which seized the rebels; that they did not stop that night at Lumbier, but fled to Aniz, whither they were followed at day-break." - Much misunderstanding, it is said, prevail,: among the leaders of the troops of the Faith, and several of them refuse to obey Eroles. From the statements of the Junta of Health at Cadiz, it ap pears that the progress of disease at that port has been greatly exaggerated. An official report, dated the 25th ult. declares that the two patients who had symptoms of yellow fever are in a state of convalescence, and that with respect to the other two who were placed under tservation, all suspicion of their being affected with any contagion was removed. BRAZIL. MANIFESTO. OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCE REGENT AND PERPETUAL DEFENDER OF THE KING DOM OF BRAZIL, TO THE PEOPLE OF THAT KINGDOM. BRAZILIANS,—the time for deceiving mankind is past : Governments which would still found their, power upon the pre tended ignorance of the people, or upon antiquated errors or abuses, are destined to see the colossus of their greatness fall from the fragile basis on which it had been erected. It is in consequence of not attending to this principle that the Cortes of Lisbon have forced the provinces of the south of Brazil to throw off the yoke prepared for them. It is in consequence of .being duly impressed with it that I now see all Brazil united around me, calling upon me to defend its sights and maintain its liber ty and independence. I comply, Brazil Eats, while I declare to you the truth.—Listen to me ! The Congress of Lisbon, arrogating to itself the tyrannical right of imposing on Brazil a new compact—an article of faith, signed Ander a partial and prospective oath, and which conld in no way involve the approval of self-destruction—has compelled us to examine the pretended titles which are set up, and to in vestigate the injustice of such unreasonable pretensions. This examination, which insulted reason, counselled and required, has proved to the Brazilians that Portugal, in overthrowing all established forms—in changing all the ancient and respectable institutions of the Monarchy—in passing the sponge of moral oblivion over all her relations, and in re-constituting herself anew, cannot compel us to accept a dishonourable and degrad ing system, without violating those very principles on which she has founded her revolution and the right of changing her political institutions--without destroying those bases upon which her own rights, the inalienable rights of man, are founded,— without opposing the progress of reason and justice, which has its,laws in the nature of things, and never in the individual caprices of men. The southern provinces of Brazil having, therefore, united and assumed the majestic attitude of a people recognizing their right to liberty and happiness, have turned their eyes towards me, the son of their tang and their friend, who, regarding in its true point of 'view this rich and great portion of our globe, who, knowing the talents of its inhabitants, and the immense resources of its soil, sees with pain the irregular and tyrannical course of those who so, falsely and prematurely have named ,themselves the fathers of the country, and have attempted to change their character of Representatives of the People of Por tugal into that of Sovereigns of all the immense Portuguese Monarchy. I have consequently considered that it would be unworthy of me and of the g re at Bing whose son and delegate I am, to disregard the wishes of his f a ithf u l su bj ects , w h o , re pressing republican desires and propensities ' avoid the fasci nating example of neighbouring State s , an d de unit in me all their hopes : in this way Royalty is p reserve d i n th e grea t American Continent, and the rights of the august House of Braganza are acknowledgetiK generous and sincere wishacknowledged. I have acceded people, and have remained in Brazil, making known my firm resolution to our King, and being persuaded that this itep would be to the Cortes of Lisbon the thermometer of the disposition of Brazil, of its sense of its own dignity, and of the the new elevation of its sentiments. I hoped, also, that this proceeding would make the Cortes stop in the career which they. had commenced, and return to the paths of justice, from which they had departed. This, reason dictated; but the giddy views of egotism stifle its voice and its precepts. The indignation of the United Provinces was then, -, as might be expected, roused, and in a moment, as if by magic, all their ideas and sentiments converged to one single point and to one sole end. Without the din of arms, and without the cries of anarchy, they calmly required of me that I should, as a guarantee of their precious liberty and national honour, cause the prompt installation of a general, constituent, and legislative assembly for Brazil. I was desirous to delay the period of the meeting of this assem bly, in order to see whether the pride of the Cortes of Lisbon would yield to the voice of reason and justice, and to a sense of their own interest ; but the order made and transmitted by them to the Portuguese Consuls, prohibiting the forwarding of arms and ammunition for Brazil, was a signal of war and an actual commencement of hostilities. _ _ . This kingdom accordingly required, that as I had declared myself its perpetual defender, I should proceed to take the most energetic and prompt measures for its security, honour, and prosperity. If I had failed in my resolution, then would my sacred promises have been on the one hand broken; and on the other, who could have restrained the evils of anarchy, the dismemberment of these provinces, and all the furies of de mocracy ? What violent contests would follow, between in fvetetate parties, between thousands of successively rising and conflicting factions? To whom would then belong the gold and the diamonds of our inexhaustible mines, those rich ri vers which form the strength of our states—that prodigious fertility which is the great source of riches and prosperity ? Who would reconcile so many opposing parties, who would civilize our scattered population, separated by . numerous rivers as large as seas ? Who wonld then communicate with our In dians in the centre of their impenetrable forests, or behind high and inaccessible mountains ? Brazil, this fine portion of nature's workm - anship, the envy and admiration of the na tions of the world, would indeed be lacerated, and the bene volent views of Providence would be defeated, at least for many years retarded. I should be responsible for all these evils, for the blood which would be shed, for the victims which would infallibly be sacri ficed to passions and to private interests. I have, therefore, formed my resolution—l have adopted the , course which the people wished, and I have ordered the convocation of the As sembly of Brazil, in order to cement the political independence of the kingdom, without breaking the ties of Portuguese frater nity. Thus may the different parts of the united kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves, justly and decorously har monize; and thus may be preserved under one chief, two fa milies which are separated by immense seas, and which can alone be retained in union by the bonds founded on an equality of rights and a reciprocity of interests. Brazilians !—On your account, it is not necessary to revert to the evils to which you were subject, and which occasioned the representation made to me by the magistracy and people of this city on the 23d of May, and gave rise to my royal decree of the 3d of June of the present year; but the respect we owe to mankind requires that we should state the reasons which led to your first proceedings, and to my conduct. The history of the acts of the Congress of Lisbon with respect to Brazil, presents a series of unjust and unreasonable proceedings, the objects of which were to paralyze the prosperity of Brazil, to consume the vital principle of the country, and to reduce her to a state of insanity and feebleness which would infalliblylead to her ruin and subjugation. To convince the world of the truth of this assertion, it is only necessary to enter into the simple exposi tion of the following facts : The Congress of Lisbon legislated on the affairs of Brazil without for her representatives, thus setting aside the sove reignty of the majority of the nation. That Congress dented to Brazil a delegation of the executive power, so necessary for the developement of its full force, con sidering the great distance which separates Portugal from Brazil, thus leaving the latter without laws suited to her cli mate and local circumstances, and without prompt resources for her necessities. The Congress refused to Brazil a centre of union, and power, for the purpose of enfeebling her, previously inciting her pro provinces to set aside that centre of union which was already happily established. Governments were decreed to ,Brazil void of stability and union, with three insubordinate, rival, and contradictory centres .r i f activity, thus destroying the rank of Brazil as a kingdom, end undermining the basis of her futdre greatness and pros perity, and leaving her all the elements of disorder and anarchy. The Brazilions were excluded from all honourable posts, and your cities were filled with European troops commanded by foreign; cruel, and immoral chiefs. Enthusiastic reception and lavish encomiums were given to all the barbarians who inflicted painful wounds on your hearts, and promised to continue'to lacerate them. Rapacious hands were laid on the resources of the Bank of Brazil, which was surcharged with an enormous national debt, of which the Con gress took no heed, though the credit of that Bank was closely connected with the public credit and prosperity of Brazil. Negociations were entered into with foreign nations for alien ating portions of your territory for the purpose of enfeebling and subjugating, you. Your fortresses wese disarmed, your arsenals stripped, your ports left defenceles,i, and Our whole navy called to the ports of Portugal ; your treasures were drained by repeated plunders for the payment of foreign troops, who' came uninvited to shed your blood and destroy you ; while at the same time you were prohibited the use of foreign arms and amunitian, by which you might_ revenge yourselves and assert your independence. You were presented with a project of commercial relations, which, under false appearances of chimerical reciprocity and equality, monopolized your riches, closed your ports against foreign trade, thus destroying your agriculture and industry, and reducing the inhabitants of Brazil to the state of Colonists. The Brazilian Representatives were from the first treated, and still are treated, with indignity and contempt, when they have the courage to contend for their rights ; and—who would believe it ?—threats have been held out of emancipating the slaves, and arming them against their own masters., Finally, to close this long narrative of horrible acts of in justice, when, for the first time, the Congress heard the expres sions of your just indignation, they loaded the Brazilians with insult, and sought to vindicate their own crimes by alleging that they.had been committed by your concurrence and consent. The delegation of the executive power, which the Congress rejected as unticonstitutional, is now offered to us by a commis sion from that Congress, and with such liberality, that instead of a centre of the same power, which was all that you required, it is wished to concede to you two or more. What unheard-of generosity ! But who is so blind as not to perceive that the sole object of this proposition is to destroy your power and integrity, to arm provinces against provinces, and brothers against brothers. We agree then, generous inhabitants of this vast and power ful Empire, that the great step of your independence and hap piness, so often foretold by the great politicians of Europe, is now attained. You are now a Sovereign people, you have now entered into the society of independent nations, to which you possess a rightful claim. The honour and dignity of the nation, the desire of her prosperity, the voice of Na ture herself, require that the colonies should cease to be Co lonies when they have attained to their verility, and that, though treated as colonies, you shall no longer be so in reality, but shall continue to remain a kingdom. Finally, the same right which Portugal had to set aside her ancient institutions, and to reconstitute herself, that right should with more reason belong to you, who inhabit a vast and extensive country, with a population larger, though more scattered, than that of Portu gal, and which will go on increasing with the. same rapidity which distinguishes the fall of heavy bodies through the air. If Portugal deny you this right, she herself renounces the right which she may plead in orderto obtain then recognition of her new constitution by foreign nations, who would in that case have it in their power to allege just motives for interferir b ee with her domestic affairs, and violating the attributes of the sove reignty and independence of nations. What then remains for you to do, Brazilians P—lt remains for you to unite yourselves all in interests, in love, in hopes ; to establish the august assembly of Brazil in the exercise of its functions, in order that in holding by the helm of reason and prudence, it may succeed in avoiding the rocks which are so unfortunately presented in the sea of revolution by France, Spain, and even Portugal herself ; and in order that it may mark with I greater precision and wisdom the division of the powers, and establishing the code of your legislation in sound philosophy, may apply it to your peculiar circumstances. Doubt it not, Brazilians • your representatives occupied, not n overcoming opposition, but in establishing rights, will main tain yours Nvhich. have been trampled under foot and unknown for three centuries : they will consecrate the true principles of the Brazilian representative monarchy; they will declare King of this beautiful country Senhor D. Joao VI., my august Father, of whose love you are entirely possessed ; they will cut off all the heads of the Hydras of anarchy and despotism ; they will impose on all the public officers the necessary responsibility, and the just and legitimate will of the nation will never more behold its majestic flight interrupted for a single instant. Firm in the invariable principle of never sanctioning abuses, from which new ones are constantly arising, your represen tives will spread light and new order throughout the darkchaos of the public property, of the economical administration, and of the civil and criminal laws. They will have the courage to believe that ideas which are useful and necessary to the welfare of our species, are not destined solely to adorn the pages of books, and that the perfectibility granted to man by the Su- Creatorp cyo r o e nu m cru e lrocv ard us s mt h h o se u t a l sn d o cc nevereiasl,; n bai o,l They will give you a code of laws adequate to the rt atels' tions, the execution of which will be confided to ulir i g d i s aplie sr will administer gratuitous justice, and will cause ta n to jett all the pettifoging cavils of your forum, foun ded ° owl n ridiculous, complicated, and contradictory laws . • ,in P'" or dyer meeta n p d o w p hi : a l l : f o rs i n e , s s it i r n ot oi t i 'f f °lr Nci - ‘, e . 'a i s si. : il is i : cl 93 : : :t .t'l u i ile ,l re : gt i c t) : o,, yo g a: noko i .c v dsbt e lleel sao y e - rwsj o le u tsi a al enpgseuunffialnear suffering gdaen‘d_,iticctatilltsesud.r absurd y r. r ow e u a s s lo o wf n i 1 iw a n t il ai r‘ l i i l u y n o in i t a % le h o i t i 1.3 e; chase s yste ivor oo , the o f trad e ' trayna h, dn ic dt h chierh iv edat i l l tal l lann r tgo e ieon s r p niso e ot c oif t sfs t stoya e csv l ieg:nala o t,ni ti od rs n o r ae f a d : . r vt iheceu l f t r u e r e e s 9 ntie , h e p u 1, and which never, allowed the citizens to understand t t e h r ze i o sr u aa s lvee k o e sf y ol s tdh r i ::i rns i c a, h tyi o l on o u c a k ls h e f d .ua In : I dp i s e o. obsc u re labyrinth !lici t ' forming an army of diseiplinedsecsisliaZiesll°S,3 S i Tl ialliltaijrnYi re hi d C be h 'e ; lia ' -31t°64tir which defends the country with the civic virtues w o i orre i and secure her. . edit it... Cultivators of literature and science, allnost alwa bombe i tih n ojui aos t tehpn r ti h i opai g tnteimhi u zcwue e eeosntii t w liaidsoel i oleeo l or despised by despotism, you will now find the rmerit Will; and glory open and disembarrassed. Virtue and PVC, *. r to seen in conjunction to adorn the sanctuary of the Oa I,,the or open only to hypocrisy and - deceit tesoef public this blessed, Bra zeillii,ma deceit. whicht yeo,uatillid, will vi a i c i s , il is i i l iat c ir'a tre l a oa he r un i i l ea 11 : rii i to cceci to ls' : .! COCO cate to . its member the instruction necessary e l rofnf fnntt the eetli oogsafeguard ru s zaecoill tf t ii l oae l fndenunat education, a, avenues tienii whole. oc u anh e s o f th e tllro n e , iorf , ,;, : e of d' be Behold, inhabitants of Brazil, behold the pasPei7.d with t o defects of your present situation ; the torrwehn and of greatness, whichpresents itself: be not terri•!..4oll,, neration , _ i nni 6 already begun to pour impetuously from the deserts o f I pea , . . . and l e gal ri , tll' nia to the Straits of Malgalhaes. Constitution ~ ~ ,011 fb. r .,, f ye are the inexhaustible sources of prodigies and 1 etiv's j i bridge over which all that is good in old, and cony ° tto ioas',4 will pass to our continent. Fear not the foreign 4 CP I , Europe, which recognized the independence lif t l ies tral e , States of America, and which remained neutral in t he i li ko t of the Spanish colonies, cannot fail to recagn ii.e at P:r pendence of Brazil, which, with so much jar " en ter P l ', such expedients and resources, has also succeede'tryolvePi into the great family of nations. We shall never i Ivo user selves in their private affairs • and they in their turn shape 1,0, seek to disturb the peace arid free trade whi ch ' ve tati lc them, and which will be guaranteed by a represen vernment which we are about to establish. f 00 - * v Let no other cry be heard amont; you but that O rite oli . ', From the Amazons to the Plata let Independenceiotr 0 , 11 0 0 1 e s, s s h a:: fcourltpirianlte echo. Let our provinces form the mysterious fa g g ot eat' force can break. Let all old prejudices at once"'-'dottet,,), let the love of the general ood be substituted ib r b ore 'of one province or city. Disregard, Brazilians, the A° blotentt p w h h e es m rncoi 0: i e tiu r shdnneagtytwri,ynho raised utter _ y, 0 u against: Brazil ,lo s lost. i t e t e n n " ) , - 5 :;in ,,,, sgs ,; : liberal system, injuries, calumniCs ad abuser; re l. ' ~, tas` ti ft rights, pun Lot them cease to call us rebels to our ouracor are rising we love him as a citizen-kinv., and that Portug al ' 00' class of tyrants. H ka °ll .A against haoignuagri nlb r isybt o e r oor t uu u t Irr g , , ailles, laws,neeefaac againsttitood benefactors sts: t , ;; lves n o lit l a t ,ti,i rlel c,gopt,otrtincertsr,:iirir: i 5 00: e h fr . from the shameful state of captivity to which theY 1 :j, e o f ;;; ,1: , him, tearing from infamous demagogues then ', 3 • 0 0 ( )Ol t crisy, and marking with true liberalism the ju ' t he worl h o oi tical powers. Let them cease to seek to persu'de the vlit ;i , „, „ n , ..,, L. ,,, we are endeavouring to breakall the ties v. - ~,,t u...,,,07 European brethren. No; we would establish t; 03 0 4 ,0, solid basis, free from the influence of a part,' wh t ,, c u s ias h ts :ol contemns our rights, and which has, in in gWr- li 0 , e openly shown its tyrannical and overbearing disPn e :ltea s c oo . tending to our dishonour and prejudice—whted,; r ' i ll v o s p lic irretrievably destroys that moral force so iici ce- r 3 t ) tra of gross, and which dependsentirely f Is suPP`'' - or i - 'oa • opinion and justice. pod or Illustrious Bahians ! generous and unfortunate r o d l city a i le a Brazil, wiCein:i.sh-toe rrrtloo.- , on whose soil have fastened. those hu t '. pie ! ofr, ferous harpies, how much does your destiny grieveitr t e•a s ,joe . long an interval will it not require to dry 11P f ° --,. 0 0 r 4 e j er soften your indignation ! Bahians ! courag.' ' 9 te ed ( )n oel' ) E wh x o pe o l ve f u ro o m ur y a o r u m r s btoos.roeincesivteliyooseti,monsters w li ° TheY t o '' blood ! Fear not ! your delay is their strength. rs e!Ye l , longer Portuguese. Expel them and unite P 3lll ~,,f'; , pefe lP ' o t it'' Valiant Mineirans ! Intrepid Penanthueans • It itch:l de'. Brazilian liberty,. fly to succour your brthreit..l wh i et o , cause of one province, it is the cause of all p ra ' z ;4'li tl its } v 4 t .s 's 'l; fended in the first discoverya Cabral. Extingat; of i - , v wolves which still sustain the sanguinaq ~,caPr f ,"us b ac 3W tious party. Call to your recollection, rera„,--cife. bore burning piles of Bonito and the scenes of the I'd% ese w however, and love as brothers, all pacific P nrtti •le PA spect our rights, and wish for our and their o wn le ts i ch rt il all ln y h m a t bi o t f an t t b s e o b f e t a h u e ti(f;uealraan,dofftehrteil3elaprwanvlilnalciels, a o f f ,t i lri o e ro s! i l come and subscribe the act of our emancipation', .L so to, t .' 1 , 0 J• we may immediately take our place (and time it l v s si ! 1. i pe t the great political association. Brazilians in ge n :oo o 3 'ly tS let us all unite. lam your compatriot, Y° nr the °"'''' us aim at the glory and prosperity of 13razil, as nth, pies,e4 ward of our labours. Whilc-mr;.rching by thi' l' f . 3 t be b r v oto; always find me at your head, and in the i.li' :c ° A . uP °l ' ' (l tv danger. Be assured that my happiness depenvscale. fle It will be my glory to govern a brave and tree 1, tin me, then, the example of your virtue an d ° worthy of yourselves. Palace of Rio de Janeiro, Ang. 1 , WI. Whereas the dignity and D fito the e r n L e i dsbtoon Deputiesrn df this of Regent 0 he so, t he Empire, conferred on me by the King E a C u ll th yt y People of Brazil—a dignity, of which, it is n°t • ci thotit u s, b ei, 'oel t 'l me a r b ef y rdo t mt h o eautnteainn Brazil. i p m t unanimous and dd epwrz, deprive t q a e, n i e o v 1 r s .:ioefavtch r t ir; ; 31:001 : 90; cepted the title and office of Perpetual Defeo" a 10Y . 4c bs t, , which the said people have most generously a n n a, in ch cli !oi l ; ferred upon me, I thereby consider myself de for Solis Ina.jeeslly , pectenurived h°0440,4 of my most sacred duties, and in gratitunhe at in N otOr i i - ri and fidelity, to adopt all those means wlt tel :,;o e ies e o f '" c f for the salvation of this great part of the F° r t ieh ts ~ttes ° .l which has been intrusted to my care, and the t i n r t 'be 6' sc , 4e :n, bv I have sworn to preserve uninfringed : a tl „ d e us ;; eire ° l he Lisbon continue to pursue the same err t o • ° l3riii . ;oo' :3 ,1 to entertain all the unjust views of recolour% pro d of ale o i force of arms—notwithstanding that Brazil h i mil a sene of political independence, and that by my It o' a o'X' 0 1°4 ; / ofJtine last passed, there stands legallY c ° "., t t ile il n e e eil• fi e t w:o i e ti r k c la o o r f te s s: constituent and legislative assembly, called - d i es Inc tll e i ,e the councils of all the different m . •traci es ' • l 5111 1 ly ' agis onrtn g,t y yo e 1, 1 4 formality cirber tthawenidhriosiehdmiwtsiaoinsuissit•ce4irquetibnpsdg;s s h il l ti i ,c. . , z_ocr ig o i n n :los, l: o :o ,l l , l ' the convocation of the Congress was in, ''',„ s iders l , l s ,ath s "; Majesty Don Joan VI. our Lord, whose na me o a f ii i s o oi prisoner in the said kingdom of Portugal, ti l e hich ' e r l' s ' i' free will, and without that liberty of action, ._,., sft, ~,,,, e _j the executive power in constitutional monsrenlef.,isioinu!o, sl",, heard my Council of State, order to all the rtunvood; elect ' ing, Juntos, Generals of armies military •of ` al ai f - , all constituted r: O i fy liers, hons;lictcoito:; authorities, to whom the elt ecut ..., l° s con se til n t e r:, ' appertains, what follows: re vi , - be 1. That all trodps which without my P hd evet ss!oe also all the crews or marines belonging' come from Portugal or any other quarter, r aie ruio;hic'' 0 text for sending them, shall be considcre sh ips in i otP D r to not to, 01 04 said troops may be transported, if they a_ttoce,ler left coliti' commercial and friendly relations being , by.' o f t ij3. t o anon tweet' the two kingdoms, for the pFesc ry 'ons' r o.ir j union which it is so desirable to maintain- sill]. in tent' 0 , b , ci . 2. That if they should arrive with Pes c '' t reincliei s e ' must nevertheless return, and besides I P us t he full beY without communication, ntil they receive to ° ii ii• sary for their voyage back.uns 6lli le ter tic' t 3. That in case the said troops should be hey Dre W a l the For these orders, and should attempt to 130 , t coil' s - o r th is ' 5 6 4 ed by force of arms, by all the the inilitarYno. f oece ig too and second line, and even by the pork' 1° .a to. if I, pose, all practicable means are to be resortL, ford isen 3 ~ ia the vessels are to be burnt, and the boats usen 5 ool:,,, 4. That if, notwithstandin, all burnt. trooP n o 4 fror ts t i ir t ov e n succeed in effecting a disenZarkation in '` ei l tind; l 7,:at ° le ' A ti‘i part of thecoast of Brazil, the inhabitant: ' to the the est r , iii , I cannot prevent the landing, shall retie_.l.ll,,s sli,t.,clel l e 'ner' l , l such c _ or F or,' ~ t o, o i e country, carrying to the woods and rrionr,c, t he 1, ,, i0 ns g o o n ,. provisions, and whatever might be use .I:'' all occi'' o f pos_ s o. the troops of the country, avoiding o, ri , or , .5 fro' actions, shall carry on against them a s" t g o iscl" ( joq guerillas, until they succeed in fr eeing to t be rii i ` • 0 ` c k ° 0 ) 1.0 1 ' 1 ' enemies. belongs, are from this time forward 13° 11 / 1 3r oil 0 4 t i oo e , 5. That all civil and military authaitlae,ort,tbeiwircli ''' jj ere " 0 5 r aril the A rt jto barkations may possibly be effected. . o f, IV o pov. , t 6. That if in any of the provinces toltio?„, so d ee responsibility, to fortify all the ports of happenquired for the fortifications, the au ration t ° 7e shall la' to be a deficiency of the inneiirrideittara Gocsr g sir j ; shall immediately make an epresno. die po ro o t ce , of what may be wanting, iorder til_al ic iping P plied ; or shall givg notice to the l'w shall b e 11 Port a T hee sa the 1 e itiol Lo of Palac .__ a 44k s, Per . Pere 31 e Per 4 p er c. b t)er I )4 nic 41111)..; 1 Ph ln , P„`11, Ru ss .`ear A , 43 . , pa!i P r , 4 Dan: 111 0 f ror Al a tli,