The Sun. — London, England, 1847-06-07 00:00:00

MAGAZINES (CONTINUED). BENT'LE'Y':-, 4iIISCELLAINY. The illustrations of the present number of Bentley Ire a portrait of Fenimore Ceoper and a portrait of Charlotte Corday, each of which ie accompanied by an interesting biographical memoir. The memoir of Charlotte Corday is extracted from the forthcoming Verne Of M. tie Limartine's Hi;tory of the teiri.m 'la," and it contains the record oe:the most pure and nle most romantic love that e'er Leek possession of the heart of man. At her trial before the revolu tionary tribunal there was present an artist who was sketching her li eness : b " Behind th e p a i nter was a youth, whose fair h sir , lue eyes, and pale complexion proclaimed him to be a child of the north. lie wes standing on up -tee, ilk (echer to have a better: view of the prisoner. At every aneeer . , the m an l y vigour, and almost temiiiine sound of Ch.,riotte "lee, made him shudder and e colour. Uouble to master hi; etnotion, 13, provoli. d several times, by iiis involumary exclamations, tee murmurs of the crowd, and attracted the prisoner's atiention. The moment the resident pronoune ,d sentence ~f. e a ch that young man heart, arose, wi t h t h e gesture ef a man who pretests in his e arti . and immedietely eaele back, as it his str en g th ' failed hi m . Charlotte, inditretent about her own tate, noticed that motion. She telt that, at a moment whwn She was abandoned by all on earth, One soul — as attached to her, and that in the midst ut that hostile cr owd she had one unknown friend. She teanked hisn with 4 look: it was their only enteruunic , tien on earth. " That young stranger was Adam Lux, a German republican deputed to Paris by the revelutionary party °f Mayence, iu order to unite the movements of m Uer hu - nY with th ose o f F rance i n the common cause of an reason and the freedom of nations." As she was conveyed to the place of execution. Adam Lux was awaiting the cart at the entrance of sue Rue Saint-Honore" ; he piously followed the wheels 45 kr as the f oot o f t h e scu ff 'id. ~ I le engraved in his heart,' he said, her angelic mr-ekn ess • • Amid the barbarous howlim4s of the crowd, the llu expr e s s i on o f h er beautiful eyes revealed her termer yet intrepid soul—those charming eyes that W °tild have move d a rock! . . . Let the place of her tleeution be holy ground, sad let a statue be erected to her with these words—Greater than Brutus. To die for her, and, like her, to be beaten by the hand of the tt eeutioner, to feel, iu dying, the saa.e edge that cut off e ealilie he a d o f Ch ar l o tt e , and to be united to her in heroism, liberty, love, and death, is henceforth my only P r ra Yer• I shall nev e r attain her sublime virene; but is not just that the object adored should ever be superior 1° the worshipper?'" • : 1 A few days after her execution, Adam Lux p ub u d ined an apology of Charlotte Corday, and participated la her offence in order to share her martyrdom. Being at'rested tor this audacious provocation, he was cast into the A t n .anoaye. So then I shall die for her!' cried b e, as he ILecroarduiedn over the threshold of the prison. And be d ied gIY, soon after, hailinp the scaffold consecrated DY th e bl ood of Charlotte, as the altar of l ove an d liberty.', The story of " Captain Spike " is continued, and the scene of' this chapter takes place on the wreck of the sch ooner which had been upset in the squall. Aiulfred and Jack Tier have managed, by dint of fregre,tt.,exertio.n, to save Mrs. Budd, Rose, and Biddy urowni n —, and they were all assembled on the :I of the schooner, floating on the gulf stream— _ e boat has been lost—they have no water, and only °tertian portion of bi,cuit and three apples as provi rs; fortunately a storm of rain comes on, and • doe ford, by cutting channels along the keel and _ _ P e niug them into small wells manages to co llect e ve tifficient fresh water to slake their thirst. He per - ceiv6l by the bubbles which rise from the wreck that the air pe n t u p w ithi n h e r hold, which had ren she her buoyant, is e s caping, and is convinced tha t c annot float f o r many hours longer. In the grey of the dawn he fancies he perceives the boat drif.ing at a distance and notwithstanding the close vicinit y of the sharks he strikes to swim towards the object t 7 . ` e sees in hopes to regain tht: , boat, an i taus saved th t a l e i l , r , live s. Alfred Crow quill makes a holster pistol disc (a% he is wont t o make chattels and moveables ° lltse) and tell several must arnu,ing love auven ..„,-es th e ?' a " nate Irishman," aforetiine the owner o f h said pistol; and Alfred Smith finishes his go-a head day with Barnum in regular go a-head sty le ; Z.lloever reads it mus t laugh " slick right away. of NV ' C. Tay], r gives us under the title an ‘- A Mercha n t P r i nce o f the ivliddle Ages," admirable account of Jacques Coeur, the great French f i nancier. He was the Flounce ?roster f Charles VII., and to the financial combination:- of J acques Coeur, rather than to the apocryphal exploits of Joan of Arc, is the restoration of the mo narch to the th rone of F rance t o be attributed. In cti it may b e d ou b te d w h et h er J oan o f Arc was not the mere tool of Jaques Coeur, acting under his iT i dance, to secure the efficient carrying out of his plans- The reasonable, he convinced by his argu ileats. Whilst, through the agency of Joan of Arc, aPpealed to the superstitious tears and hopes of o 'e Unreasoning and enthusiastic, and others carried f i t t ilis plans. The history of Jacques Coeur is a study any statesman. The other papers in this number 'e of more than average merit. DOUGLAS JERROLD'S. The present number concludes the fifth volume, and it Opens with the following announcement : " A few w, , rds at the conclusion of this—the fifth volume may here be permitted by way of preface to the volume about to ensue. " The object purposed by the establi4l-ment of ' The Shilling Magazine' has been acknowledged by unequi vocal success from the first. Aiming at rivalry with no elder periodical, it sought a new path for itself, in which it is hoped it has undeviatingly continued. There may have been occasions when performance has halted short of intention,—but the purpose that animated the first number is as vital as ever, and seeks to vindicate itself in the ensuing volume, in which—with the appearance of novel and charact,ristic papers from practised pens — will be found a gossiping coramemary on the leading topics of the times in a New Series of The Hedgehog Letters.' "In addition to this, a New Story by the Editor will be commenced as soon as it shall be sufficiently , advanced to ensure its unbroken continuance to the end." Right glad are we that Juniper Hedgehog is about to resume his pen. He is the very spirit of " Punch" — a judicious mixture of spirit, sweet, and acid. We look forward with pleasure to his reappearance in the next number. Right glad are we to find that the editor is about to commence a new story ; for, albeit, "the Dreamer and the Worker," which is continued in the present number, promises to he an excellent and instructive novel, yet the author is somewhat too didactic, and lacks the spirit that is in St. Gile s and St. James. The best paper in the present number is the One entitled " Glances at Family Biography - Cent. per Cent." It is full of caustic sarcas;n, `` richly ueserved and well laid on." 2. 11 E -M AN IN THE A , )( ON. edited by Allier Smith. and Angus B. R. aci. The " Man in the Moon," is a " fellow of infinite jest." The illustrations are most humourous, the Puns most execrably laughable, and the parodies full of fun. SUN, LONDON, MONDAY tHE LAW AMENDMENT SOCIETY. The anniversary meeting of the society for promot ing the amendment of the law was held on Saturday at the rooms of the society, 21, Regent street, ane was numerously attended by the noblemen and gen tle.nen, members of the soviet,', and by the general public, all of them seemingly much interested in the proceedings. Among the rest we observed Lord Brougham, the Duke of Richmond, the Duke of Cleveland, the Earl of Devon, the Earl of Radnor, Lord Ashburton, Lord Ehringten, Mr. Hume, M.P. ; Mr. Ewart, .i.P.; Mr. Sergeant D'Oyly, Mr. Com missioner _Pane, Mr. Commissioner Fonblanque, Mr. Commissioner Phillips, Mr. James Stewsrt, Mr. Vizarl. &c - Lord Hitountiem, at three o'clock, took the chair, and expressed the pleasure with which he met the members on another anniversary of the society, ex pec,ing that it would have the effect produced by the last occasion of the kind, of making their association, and their reel object, better known, and of rebutting a groundless charge which had been made against them ; for nothing was more without foundation than this charge upon their proceedings, that the members of the society were rash and fond of innovation. On the contrary, their object, the amendment of the laws, was sought with caution ; and if, upon trial, in any case, there was a failure, their course was to re-con sider the amendment, and safely, at least safely, to proceed with the amendment of the laws of the coun try. The Noble Lord then adverted to two cases that encouraged them in the course which they had already pursued. The Act for the simpli fication of conveyances in the transfer of real property, remedied not only the evil of a system bad in itself, hut also the evil of an insecure title. Per sons in the purchase of property might adopt in the ' conveyances what formula they pleased; that was matter for their own choice; but the Bill offered them, besides the advantage of a simple formula, the immense boon, a secure, a good title. Hitherto the expense attending the transfer of property had been heavy, unequal, and very unnecessary. For, besides the ad valorem stamp duty, the deeds were long and complicated, so that the expense on the purchase of a small farm came to be almost as great as on a pur chase. money of the amount of 50,000/. or 100,0001. Yet, after all, the intention of the parties might be defeated by an error of the copyist, and as the proba bility of error was always in the ratio of complication in the proceedings, simplification became an object of the very highest importance. The Noble Lord in detail referred to a case which was heard on appeal in the House of Lords, where the eldest son, though evidently the next heir by the intention of the testa tor, was deprived of all icterest in the property by the omission of a single line by the mere copyist, and he and his heirs would have been debarred for ever, but that the House of Lords affirmed the decision of the Common Pleas against the Queen's Bench, and de cided that he could rank after the sixth and seventh sons under the words " among the other sons." Error did not merely attend upon omissions ; it often crept in by a line or a word, sanctioned by no legislative authority, hut merely foisted in by some country schoolmaster who had been accustomed to draw conveyances for the village, and his optional additions would occupy the courts of law for days and weeks together, in the en deaveur to understand and construe them: The Noble Lord. for another illustration of the Society's pro ceedings referred to the extinction of what was called " satisfied terms," of the absurdity of which he said no one not conversant with the operation of this troublesome fiction could now form any adequate conception. It used to be attended with great trouble, great anxiety, and great expense. But an Act tbr the extinction of these "satisfied terms" was brought in and passed ; and he could mention art in stance—( [he Duke of Cleveland entered the room at this moment)—lse was glad to see the Noble Duke i iresent to confirm what he was about to state, that so much as 4,000/. or 5,0001. had been saved to his Grace by the passing of this Act. And although rat was upon a.) estate of some value, perhaps .f 60.0001. or 70,000/. annual income, nearly an equal amount of expense would have been incurred under the old system on an estate of very much less value. But while he mentioned these instances, he had said, and he would say it again, that the one ground on which they expected the eooti fence of the Legisleture and the public was caution. He might point them, for instance, to the abolition of imprisonmeut for debt. That was a as s i oft wasth the great e,wnt changecountry; it w i t n is a the a r l , a is w h i and p t() t t h h e e commerce creditor tbrinerly to the debtor. Many represeetations bat been made against the Act. The Noble Lord (Ashburton) on his right had presented a petition from the merchants and traders of London praying the Legislature to revert to arrest, and mesne pro cess. Now, what he said was this—he was ready to reconsider the whole question, and if upon every view of it they found they were mistaken they were pre pared to retrace their steps. But at that moment he reikained after all that had been said of the saint mind that he had been of, convinced that they were not wrong, anti that no change in the present law was necessary. His Noble Friend (Lord Lynd hurst) was at one time an opponent to the change that had been made; but three sessions ago a single case occurred while he was Lord tThancellor, so irresistible. in the demonstration which it opened up of the evil of the old system, that he at once acceded to the necessity of a change. Twenty five people had been confined in a place twenty feet square for ten days together, without so much as the comfort of straw to rest themselves upon. The Act, as it was passed at - first, was found to operate mischief against the small traders. He recollected that an ironmonger had come to him, and showed him five thousand and odd debts in his books, and of of the 5,000 there were 4.900 under 201. Now, he said to him, no man has inure to think of with re gard to his tailor and his butcher, than just to see that his debt do not exceed 191. 10:., for under 201. he cannot be reached. This was a great evil, an evil that was remedied by putting the debtors under 201. on the same footing with the debtors above 201 ; but it was an evil which would likely have been avoided if the Act had previously been submitted to the con sideration of a society like this. But one grand object with the society, and one which they had submitted to Sir Robert Peel and Lord Lyndhurst, as of vital necessity to the improvement of the Legislations of this country, was the appointment of a board of professioisal and skilful men for the preparation of Acts of Parliament. Till that was done forty judges, inste id of four sitting in every Court in Westminster Hall, would not be able to construe them. As yet the work was too much that ef the scissors, and the consequence was absurdities of a very ridiculous kind, some clause towards the elose of the Act perhaps referring to something " aforesaid," which something " aforesaid" did not Appear except in the Act fro a which the clause had been transferred. Another primary object which they advocated was the separation of the private and local from the public business ot Parliament, and the reference of the private business to a board where the parties should be heard by counsel, and which should SUICIDES IN THE SERPENTINE.— Chursday morn ing, bet wee,, four and five. Th,ma w s h C i o le x, p o a n s e sin o g f the h net exclude, but only assist the Rouses. He (Lord of the R. tyal. Humane Sodety, and also a female's bonnet. He Brougham) had last session given notice of resolutions banks ot the Serpentine River. discovered, lying slungnear the to that effect, and it weis still his intention to per water, a man's hat anti coat, -every with them. lie did not mein anything against informed Mr. Superintendent Williams,_ who instantly g av e the purity of Parliament, but there always would be orders that the river should be searched. After . Con the men f, .uiid the body of a malt under the first arch .tiim't a suspicion where five men were appointed to con the blidge which divides Hyde Park and Kensin g t t erc (.l "• cider a case already existing. They were a Court from the same spot they found the huffy of a female. Both dens. The men continued to drag it, anti about f t o e ur teat appointed for the case,, an evil which led to the abo • lition of the Court of Delegates. The Noble Lord were removed to the receivin g -hous e in Hyde Park, when, concluded his address with advising caution and per upon examination, it was ascertained th a t they had pursuits d been severance in the of the society. the ti' were 'The Earl of in the water several hours. The water where boo' DsvoN then moved, and the Earl of found was only 4 feet 6 inches deep. —On Friday s ( Mr. RADNOR seconded a resolution, to the effect that Bedford, the Coroner, held an inquest at the Rise acrd Crown, ,4reat advantages were likely to arise from the un- Knightsbridge, ou the b odies— Joseph Black man , aged 33, amid Eliza ileitis, aged 2 4 . Mary Ann H o llis, o f No. 10, urejudiced and dispassionate consideration of the laws of the country with a view to , their amendment. Itictimotelestreet, Maida-bill. identified the bodies of the de ceased. Bla, , kinatl was by trade a painter and g lazier, anti . her sister, Etiz i llolli=, was a servati.. recently out of place, Lord EBRINGTON moved that as the expense and insecurity inseparable from the present method of in and resided with tier (witness). Her sister first became ac quainted with Blackman while iu service at N a: 24, p ort . gulling into real property, deeds, and the present tia je , sty,s m G e a e v ti e n r g em h e a n d t p h le a a d su a r p e p man-street, Portman-square, and thou.gh. the latter . was form ot conveyancing, greatly diminished the value of they had lived upon terms too intimate ever since. land, the o it i t a k e n d ow a i e n o tt rn ha is t sion, harried, . her declaring she would - from which the subject would likely receive a search in exceedingly low spirits, frequently. Her sister was near her confinement, and latt . erlv hall been drawn herself'. Blackman had told her siste f r , t n ie d w h as single, . and. it was not until December that she found Tu, he was a leg irivestigatien, in order to amendment and im labiynedthtehaNt not andoblemarried man. Her deceased sister wielt out - y last, pr,,vement. withstanding The the N A o e b t le re L fe o r r r d sale of landwere edcomtop will receive this from me lowing letter; -‘• Dear Mary, y ()11 w t ., io more in this world. Chairman, the expenses attending the purchase and did hot eturn, but on the iioxt day site received . the tol es the last. I hope I shall be in [rout) t, i such as to be a serious bar to any My dear mother has all my thoughts, such transaction verdict of "Found and now farewell, and to diminish its value in the Eliza Hollis." The jury returned a the water there market drowned," but how the deceased got into . England . lie said, taking the animal value of land was no sufficient evidence to show. .., r% • --isl aw vXFORD- in at 60,000,000/. ; thirty upon that years' purchase ARTROPOLITAN IMPROVEMENTS. te between the • would be 1,800,000,000/ ; whereas, in long-contested . other countries the purchase was fir •45 * STREET.-Yesterday the •lisPCurown Commis-there years,and, . le.iseholders of New Oxford. street and tie membered that fore, the purchase value 2 7 . , 00.000,000/. So that the sioners was brought to a close. It will be rbeeen raised (a :d total loss npm the land ie England was 900,000,000/. for a long time past loud complaints have t ( e tee fact that Mr. JAMES STEWAR much publicity given to them) on acceun . in the , T seconded the resolution, which I to embark their capital WA`4 agreed to. those who have been huhu:et • not they have aliegsd, teen Mr. Hume. moved, and M E t purchase of the wound 1111%e ias . • agreement, 1.• r. . WART seconded, a re- A me ,,, C3 ---ENT aT HER iviAJEsrt'S (STAND AT ASCOT : supported in the maintenance of their originall, well•known solution, advi-ing the apoeintinent of a revising RAfe ~ -4 t--A t eo fi e an in the establislimefit of her Majesty, such a rreement being that the whole ot t I,', This h . s hoard, for the re e t ' ' p ~ ara ion of Acts of' Parliament. nam e . ' shacked, (net with an unfortunate accident, on Thur - s- "it toktry" should be retn.tved rthwith. ' BOtil 9 N e w Oxt el-street having been . . the i. on. 'Members took occasion to speak of the ( a•y, just at the conclusion of the race lor the Emperor's clearly riot been the case, 1840, and one of _. e improvement which hail ken effected of late years in his Re was stanoing on the roof of the royal stand, end c anmeneed as far hack as Atn_tflei Majesty slippin g he frll, and disloc detl his shoulder. Her worst, portions of the lt•tolceiv still sutiet•ei to l'ina , • Ln e the priee-edinies 4.4 the House of Commons s eeiell upon . being informed of the acciden: which hint Pomo. , el the , old builtiPtg.-in que!tion has been general ly .in private Bills, where the iI . ' e.l) . y I, e from public to se. occurred, initnediat ell , commanded that the shirt'rer should queen ' 1 ) Parh•onent and ekewin re :,s the most complete lest Committees %. - • b e ' 1..1 g improvements. but, up to . ,st . %as a eoeficial advance upon the old be conveyed without, toss of lime to his residence at Winde.tr evidences ot the want of saitatory 01 One of th e ro y al carr i ages ), where the best medical ai d the Prt , eat moment, thepoor c reatures who int,abitee. them .-y. rill I'9'4 Obtained. on Frid a y afternoon previously to the C urt are c •inpelled, by the fo p r eof cirumstames, te remain in rile Duke ot RICHMOND moved a resolution, ap- IPevine Windsor f)r town the Hon. amt Rev. C. L C ' )urte- "hit u 'he'Ll' by * thy'lliu' 4 telei,rtal still mere so by the proving of the latours of the Committee of the House the course *4Y7 the qtleftn's Dotnestic Chaplain. called upon the invalid ne i and I , ittr'buildings b ar'ound them During of Lords in the ' • criminal law, who had endeavoured binspected y co:simian: at her 'MY -t • to ascertain the state of:. his ef the present week Lard Nlor,•etli has pnrsonallY testablish t s i -- • health. ‘jl"' ~ , • a loh..- 0 a the pr re, pa, ect of the law the itn • the Itteality, anti to this fact roar probably be attributed the reform ti proveinent and a on of the criminal. DARING ROBBERIES. On Friday the- police re- t.trinitiation of the tune-p,ndio;e dispute , The Commis- Lora ASIIBURToN moved that the petition of' the moved informatio n of th , followin roeheries:—On the 2d , ionets have at leiigth deterini e' on the removal of the 1 fps' : from the sharp wiini,v of Mr . g JAI les, 132. St. John- r.nin int of the 11..k.-rv, a.ni still stior. ' •l . ipr ,v, . e ., ors :to,i traders of the city of L I I • , * into, in , ,M. 1 r 1 "lii ori re.ating ;street is • , ' ments 11l this neign bete ly.al .vili, without delay, tie cool - •.O t ale law Of debtor :ind creditor, was deserving . ' . , tmt.:held, three d:tz.:ll of silver spec t ,cl.s, all mat ke i.t i• j . j " , dirt„ " a ' ll ae.' g id . p e a-x.,:, and ope it •zt n -liver liAniiited mneced. , i • tt-eition, atilt that the society, wilt the benefit ef May 31, h um 44, P a rk street, Caintiett-t Asti'. a ,ilv.tr Al. URI -Us WEDDING PAY NI—A short tree ' l, e i r eepresew leioos, do reconseler the subject of the ~1 4ra vY- s eoen. tour silver tso .-, i rots tit Yen silv• t tie.-s-rt- AZ , * .tli Alcoa° tate ceupie Viola lo b'e ENT n . ' ".. . 'wiled at 3 ( 'lir. , ip,t 110 uu , , five silver ie. - I' 1 ... ~ • . • eqir,otis a silver tist-slice, six -liver a liu'Ated thiios loan P -vision I,i. 1 kU t laws Lurk,. ~,,, 0 i ~ .- .. P . . ~. . . , ". - .... hen the ceretnotty was eel , 1. , . ~ , in a , be ._ til “..r saltcellars, two knife-T.:As, toss pe i ., ; _,er ciost.. , , . ! ,,tt t...e necess..ty 1.,e h:,(I to le. p.tid, tid, the 1 'lli 11, after M. A Nt• it , whs• - . 1 et.h. ure,•ed the import- Putter to :.., K. t : 8, ,, a silver teap:A -end stand ; all t e aletytt to reed . ra ; ts,cking t-.e whole et . his p: ck • s f: , " the needful," said. ' a , c , „f th., • ,olbj: rt, .Ihil the , vits oF the late Act. He i ne ~..r.-• the and a (14 0,6, y ~t pi ,1 0 ,1 ..rticic, 0, • tic - 21 • th, .it s. it . '.,tif ra. her sc,or; 't s .nt. '•` ii al tell vo welt. (iv • t '-iss't ,t 1 tho 'fie.=:i ;.:* Hie the freu lifent abstraction Of 1 0: ghe clerk Al t,,,,, st, A:1,,,,e 1 -1,, t e1, e.: a rtes.--.!teet, tti..t it a Y.. r; lute ti- - .h tit ki•owys—.; to vo h., tor'. tilf- '— l i . 1 !"‘ 4 4414 e ab • k iwi a ? absconded sfeulin 6 five sovereigus and a cheque fewnei.. It ye w.‘a o:ai . ." 01 euer:e We clergyman, stoiliug, - eil to ionwthin tn - e• th• a1 ,, , ,,u, . • g . e tii Mend the novel payment. ; the reveutto of the state—to uvwards of 50,000,0001. LITERATURE, A SHORT TREA7ISEonthe STEAM-ENGINE' ; adapted to the use (J . SCHOOLS, in which are giv:n PRA(' ICA/. RILL ES Jar the SE at EN GIN i•:E BS By James Hann, A.1.C.E., Mathema tical Master of . King's College School. 6'.c. To the practical engineer this work will be found to he invaluable. Every difficu ) ty is supplied by a practical rule, and numerous examples are also given, worked out at length, so that the application of the methods to what is required in actual business is brought within fhe capabilities of any one possessing a moderate knawledge of common arithmetic. At the same time, as a study of the mathematical theory of the steam-engine, the inves:igations of the various subjects are handled with great ability and given in a remarkably clear and comprehensive manner. The author treats on the work done on the piston, the duty of an engine, the safety valve, parallel motion, the eccentric wheel, the crank, the fly wheel, ee., in each of which the latest and most approved theories are edopted, and in tunny respects greatly improved. We Inay refer to the article on " Parallel Motion" as singularly original and ingenious, and calculated to effectually simplify a hitherto intricate in l uiry. In the pret'ace, the author denounces in forcible terms the unjust prejudice sometimes absurdly enter tained a- ;. ainst the productions of continental authors, who, especially in France and Germany, have for years been the principal motiveigsvers in the onward progress of science : " Pambout's investigations have been handled rather rouehly - by some reviewers, who setini to con-ider it to be a sort of scientific sacrilege for a Frenchman to write on the steam engine, as our illustrious countryman, Watt, was the great improver and almost the invent r of it ; hut i , these who :neer at our continental neigh briurs will take the trouble of reading their writings, they must be ignorant indeed it they do not find sufficient either to convince their jtniginent, or to medily their vanity and prejudice. " those who are at all conversant in the history of French science. know that. since the revival of learning in Europe, France, under every dynasty, has produced men who have been the admiration of the world, and whose inventions and discoveries succeeding generations will ever appl tud as some of the noblest monuments of science ever reared by the human intellect. It has been well observed by a Northumbrian writer, that the philitcopher of one country sees not en enemy in that of another ; he takes his seat in the temple of science, and asks nut who sits beside him. "Those who can see nothing beyond the limits of their own country should read what one of our own poets has so beautifully expressed, " Genius is of no country, her pure ray Spreads all around, as generous as the day." " It is unnecessary to expatia'e more fully on this subject, as every liberal and enlightened mind must con sider national prejudice to be a most baneful evil ; he who cannot admire greatness not oily in ehatever country, but also in whatever region of intellect it may be found, b trays a want of that generous feeling which expaeds itself into universal benevolence towards all mankind We also find the following sensible remarks on the subject of the crank : • The crank, as apelied in the steam engine, has been a great stuaibling• Nock to many who have not maiie them elves acquainted widi elementary principles. The connecting rod acting ebliqaely on the crank, has in duced some to consider that there is a great loss of power ; in fact, it can be sho. , n that the force on the crank is to the force, if it acted at right angles all the way round, as twice tre diameter of a crrele to the air. cumference. But then the piston, or maving power, only moves through twice the dram , ter whilst it fires crank through the whole circutn:er. nee ; lence, e hat is lost in ferce is gained in speed, for the power intik-Oen into the space it passes ov ,, r, is equal to the resistance multiplied by the space that it pass , s over. It the r.rck , acted at right angles ell the way rouhd, it must its' It move through the same space that the crank (lees; there fore, imiepend , •ntly of friction, nothing would be geithei by ;uch tan lelaptation. " One simple elementary truth rtire throuehout the whole of The eretical Viechanics, v z, that no pewee Car' be either geortid or 1 st by mechanical comb nation, it we except the friction of the parts that enter into that combination. Without -i clear knowted.e of this in the first place-, w cannot sxpeet to enter upon the who], qwstion where rrietien is tfiketi ire() the . cc , iunt, Kith any great advantege For want. of a knewledee of this simple principle, ierinense sums have been expended to remedy defects whi h had no ex •steece whatever, except in the imagin;aum ef the contrivers." On the whole, as a work of mathematical study for the man of science, as a practical manual for the engineer, and as a book for the use of schools, this little volume is admirable, and without a rival. In this age of mechanical invention and railway specula tion and enterprise, such a work has long been a de sideratum, and it cannot fail of being deservedly ac ceptable to those for whom it Is intended. MIGRATIONS OF UER.RINGS• ---- - The great rendezvous of the herring is within the arctic circle and there tley spend many months of the year. In the spring, this mighty army begins to put itself in motion. We distinguish the united shoals by that name, because the word herring comes from the German beer, an army, and expresses their number. They begin to appear off the Shetland Isles in April and May—these are only the forerunners of the great shoal which co nes in June ; and their appearance is marked by the numb e r o f birds, gannet, i come ts b t r o s a p d r t e h y au u d p d o n e p t t h h ew. m s' a a in -fo brly w a h p i p ch ears, a vir nd he o s th th e e r such as to alter the appearance of the very s o i cean.. i It is divided into distinct columns of five length, and three or four in breadth, and six miles drive the the water before them with a kind of rippling, some times they sink for the space of ten or fifteen minutes, inute, and then rise to the surface ; and in fine weather re flect a variety of splendid colours, like a field of the most precious gems ; in which light this gift of Pro vidence ought to be viewed. The first cluck this arm% meets with in its journey south, is from the Shetland Isles, which divide it into two parts ; one wing takes t.. the eastern, the other to the western shores of Urea: Britain, and fill every hay and creek with their numb...rs; others pass on towards Yarmouth, the great and ancient mart of herrings ; they then past through the British Channel. and after that disappear. The other wing, which takes a westerly direction, after preseutiitg themselves at the Hebrides, where the great stationary fishery is. proceed to the north of Ireland, where they Meet with a second interruption. and are obliged to divide again; one party takes the west of Ireland and is soon imperceptible in the immensity of the Atlantic ; hut the shoal passing into the Irish sea, feeds the inhabitants of its coast. These last a.e often capri cious in their motions, and do not :ike the grand h-d , , show an invariable attachment to their old haunts The object which induce , . this yearly migration is the spaweieg or depositing of their eggs. Herring are toiled also ea vast shoals on the coast of America, as :ow down as Carebne. Ch 4apeake B.ty is inundated wlth them. We tiud them also in liatetschalk.i, anal they probtfoly visit Japan. The Uutch are passionately fond of pickl , d herrings, an' thy- first boat that arrives is pnii:led io a prize. The herring dies as soon as it e taken out of th • water; hence the proves b " as do ad a a herring." The I)et eli call a merry-andrew " hei ring," and from this also we borrow some colloquia! expressiteas. As this was received with marks of incredulity, he said the amount of dividends paid under cognisance of the London Court of Bankruptcy last year was 1,245,0001.; the average per centage was under 3s. per pound ; and as not one-tenth of the cases of bank ruptcy occurring were brought into Court, he thought he was entitled to say that the amount of property so abstracted annually was about 60.000,0001. That was a loss which fell upon the consumers, the gentry and the poor artisan. Hence the general public interest in the reconsideration of this Act. Mr. BETHEL moved to the effect that the misappli cation of charities, and especially small charities, was shielded by the mode of procedure in the Court of Chancery, and the method of conducting business betbre ti:e masters. The Learned Gentleman, in the course of his speech, gave several instances illustrative of the resolution occurring under his own notice. Mr. Commissioner FANS, in seconding it, said the resolution might apply as well to cases of bankruptcy. He knew one case where the bankrupt had entered the Court of Chancery forty years ago with as much prospect and no more of a decision now as in the year 1807 ; and another case which had lasted for twenty years, with the same want of result. The Learned Commissioner then read an extract the letter of an eminent solicitor, stating that he had searched, and had been unable to find ;:ne litigated case in partner ship account which had gone into the Master's office and had ever come out again. The resolutions were severally agreed to, and the meeting broke up. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGI- NEERS. The second conversazione of the season, given by the President, Sir John Rennie, to the members of the Institution of Civil Engineers, his friends, and the eminent in the scientific and literary world, took place on Saturday evening, the sth instant, and we never before remember to have seen one so brilliantly attended, or at which there was so much to amuse and instruct the visitors. The models and works of art had been entirely re-arranged, and considerable additions had been made to the collection. Among the new works of art we noticed portraits of Mr. Aaron Manby and the Hon. Mrs Boyle, by Mr. Boxall—painted as he only can paint—full of vigour and truth, and with a beauty of texture that almost resembled a miniature. Some good oil sketches, by J. Wood; an admirable chalk sketch of a dog's head, by Edwin Landseer ; water-colour and chalk sketches by Scanlan, Oliver, Duncan, Digby Wyatt, Jol-ingon, Alfred Crowquill (Forre,ter), Bauguiet, Robertson and Phillips, in such abundance as to make us regret the small opportunity afforded for dwelling over them. A curious clock, made by Tompion, in 1670, and presented by Charles I. to the Duchess of Cleveland, was exhibited by Mr. Vulliamy. Monsieur Preget contributed some extraordinary specimens of gold electro deposit for ornamental work for clock cases, &c. It appeared, from the state ments, that this introduction would make a great diminution in the price of this kind of work. A collection of fossils from the Oxford clay at Trowbridge, made by Mantel! during the exca vations on the line of the Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth Railway, appeared to excite much atten tion among the geologists, as did two casts of itnpres sions of the feet of some unknown species of animal, found in the new red sandstone in the United States, and recently transmitted to Dr. Mansell, whose splendid microscope occupied as much attention as it usually does, when the Doctor exhibits its power and describes it so well. Among the additions were several working models by West, of the vibrating and the stationary steam engines. Stern propellors, by Mr. Hays, much resembling that of Woo !croft, only furnished with means of pre venting the rush of water against the propeller when not in use, and rendering the dead wood an uniform surface when sailing. A very ingenious revolving disc l endulum, by Mr Fronde, for rendering uniform the circular revolu tion, under considerable variation of the maintaining power. Otis' American excavator, which was worked on the Eastern Counties Railway, and that of Messrs. Bar. her, Brothers, invented by Colonel Hamilton, and now in construction, for dredging the port of Toulon, were 'appropriately placed with Prideaux, excavator, men tinned at the last soiree. The Electric Telegraph Company contributed a new and complete assortment of electric clocks and telegraphs. A capital model of the Somerset-bridge, of 110 feet span, by Mr. Brunel, on the line of the Bristol and Exeter Railway, was an example of the strength and implicity that may be attained by well constructed trussed timber bridges, even for large spans—when Admiralty and other Government agents do not in terpose difficulties to gratify whims, or from want of knowledge of the subjects they are sent to report upon, and for which the public, who pay the expense in the first place, eventually suffer by the want of solidity in the constructions executed according to the rules prescribed by these controlling but irre sponsible agents. Fuller and de Bergue's application of thick rings of vulcanized India rubber alternating with metal discs, formed an excellent buffer spring for railway carriages. Clarke and Varley's application of pneumatic pre:s , sure to the pile driving machine. Davison's system of cleansing t asks, which is used so effectively at T ruman an d Hanbury's and other th e e c , fo breweries. us T to he ov e e r r7o.l kedsosmtaeteobojts ofr a interest, of the rooms may have caused evening, spaciou s as was t h e su ite of apartments all progress through th em was h ope less, until the pressure t oneperiod t u re o c f au the se itself must be our exc was relieved by opening of that most agreeable safety valve, the retresh.nent rooms which were on the drawing-room floor of the adjoining house, and to which access was given to the balcony. There the President, Sir John Rennie, had done everything to perfect the hospitabl e reception of his friends to which he had entirely devoted himself and his household, and in which he was ably seconded by the Secretary, Mr. Manbv. His Royal Highness the Conde de Montemolin, attended by the Marquis de Montenegre, and others of his suite came up from the Royal Society's dinar at Greenwich, and examined with great attention all the objects of interest; Sir Robert Peel also paid a long visit to the collection. Among the visitors we noticed his Royal Highness the Conde de Montemolin, the Marquises of Northampton, Douro, and Londonderry; the Earls of Dundonald and Liverpool ; Connt D'Or say, Viscount De Cressy, Lords Newry, Somers, tWss, and Colchester ; Baron Goldsmid, Bishops of Gloucester and Norwich ; D , aris of Westminster and i;',lv, their Excellencies the Ministers of Saxony, Bel gium, and the United States ; Right Hon. Sir Rohert Peel, M.P., F. Baring, M P., E. Strutt, M.P., Sirs W. Jolly, J. Willson, \V. Burnett, Howard Douglas, J. Barrow, C. Ryas. W. Newton, J. Hamilton, J. Couthurne, H. Ellis, G. Clarke, R. J. Murchison, J. South, J. Brackenbury, C. Pasley, C. Forbes, W. Ma4nay ; Admiral Dundas, General M`Leod, Colo nels Griffith, Leake, Colquhoun , Douglas, Sabine, Williams, Yorke, Evans, Stanhope, and Sykes ; Cap tains Ford, Cocks, Barber, Swinny, Porter, Young husband, Barker, Wynn, York, Henderson, Herring ham, Probyn, A. Chapman, and Knox ; Majors Jef freys, Br M ndreth, R. E S. Clarke: Captain Schwabe, Helberer, M. Diego Echapparre, Chevalier Oetave D. , lepierre, Assam Hayat, Doctors Phipps, Mantell, Thomson, Grant, Mayo, Jelf, D.D., Bow ring, M.P., Reid, Paris, Roget ; Professor Wheat stone, Lieut. Leake, R.N., Messrs. W. Harding, Cockerell, Lang, de Bergue, Landseer, Donthorne, Smirke, Gautier, Engstrom, Samuda, F. Stone, C. Enderby, Rev. S. J. Rigaud, Sherrill' Kinnard, Bab bage, G. R. Ward, H. Twiss, Knight, Broughton, Ir. win, Sanderson, Warrener, Rev. J. Barlow, Baldwin, Man, R. Doyle, Klengunann, B. Webster, Dundas, Erriugton, Peacock, Wooley, Aspinale, Thomas Brochedon, Robert Stephenson, W. Cubitt, Wood croft. A. Smith, Fuller, S. Robinson, J. Walker, Varley, Cousins, Gooch, Bidder, Scanlan, Brett., Al derman Moon, Wood, Lance, Hamilton, Barber, R e nnie, A. 3mee, Snpwith, Cotton, Hyde, Clarke, Peto, Baily Boddy , L i ttle , Solly, Ditchbourne, Mar tin S. Cooper, Hart, R.A , Lonsdale, A. Morgan, Bone, Piaget, Castle, Loury, Cheverton, Botfield, M.P.. Crampton. Henorett, Fares, D Burton, Fronde, Pole, De Wint, Cooke, Youebs, Carey, Bain, GrisAell, Gustatrson, Etty, R.A., Oliver Amyot, G. Cruik - shank, I lawkshaw, Ellscombe, Del..ne, Forrester, Mulreals Gravatt, Herring, A. E. Chalon, Bougniet, and Scott Huss 11. ARTESIAN WELLS AT VENICE.—AS the first welt of the kind bored on Campo St. Paolo has yielded satisfactory ' results, ?notbcr has been made, of late, on the same locality. At a depth of 60 metres strata of grit were attained, which being perforated, yielded an abundant stream of water. The co l umn r i s es eight feet above the ground, and yields every minute 160 litres of water. It created a thorough a .nonishment with thti is4mbled multitude, that the stream of water. being brought in ecntsct with a flame, bu:nt in a most vivid manner, which is produced by the carbaretted hydrogen gas it . contains. This gas, which is often a comi taut of artesian spring., has barn used for ages past as a means of fi g hting coal-mines in China, where it astonished same of the French missionaries, even before the introduction of gas-lighting in Europe. It is, however, an important qtlestion, whether such hydrogenized water as that of Venice will turn out potable —The Builder. BROAD IIINToN.—A fire broke out in this village at two o'clock in the afternoon of Wednesday. by which two cottages and the school house were totally destroyed. The furnilure was nearly all saved. The villagers rendered every assistance in their p •Vier, but unfor!unstely the supply , ;f water was short.. The cottages were the property of Mr. Rundle Brown, and the fire is supposed to have originated iu som e children playing with lu:ifer snatches in an adjoining —Hants rwiepenrknt. out-house. 0;1 Tile,l3y ni4ti the .pinning mills of M. Lieu • vain, at Nlaroinnv. war R. , n•en, were destroyed by fire. The loss is estimated at 7j,ooof.—lrrench paper. TH6 .I,llltitint. The story of the " Miser's Will" is concluded in this number, and concluded somewhat abruptly. Hastings, the Miller, disabused of his false suspicions of his wife, seeks a reconciliatiin with her--(our readers will remember that she was living in the house of Smith,- the rascally apothecary, as Mrs. Cart wright)—and Sinith, finding his intrigues have been discovered, murders Hastings, and straightway pro duces the will which Hastings had made in his favour. A later will, however, is produced in favour of Mau rice Herbert (the Frederick Wilson of the early part of the story), the lover of Mary, and the guilt of Smith is discovered. Smith hangs at the Ohl Bailey, And Maurice and Mary are married. From a pa l :er, entitled " Notes on Cambridge," by an Under-gra duate, we extract the following : " We wish, however, to recotninead one or two thint:s to the notice of our reader;. as the changes which would most likely tend to increase the usrfulttess of our coll , lzus and halls. Extravagance must be checked, before a large class of persons will be eilabl d to t njoy tapir ad vantages. We think too that the number of siz .rships might with great propriety be auzinented Although C4Tabridge abounds with scholarships opened, in nearly @very case, to every British subject, yet ‘ they require, lor the most part, a previoas residence in the University We think many men Katy be found, whose talents would reflect honour on their professi,dis, but who are unable even to enter their names 011 the Colh-ge books from lack of means, much less reside the major part of one whole year." This is very well as far as it goes, but a much more sweeping reformation is needed before our universi ties can become the useful educational establishments which they were intended to be by their founders. The other papers of this number (with the exception of the one entitled " Jenny Lind, or the Idolatry of .v°1 ",") are excellent. The paper to which we take Exception is a diatribe against music, written some jlat after the fashion of Plato's diatribe against poetry, almost as clever, and to the full as unjust. MO RN' lis CT, JUNE 7, 1847. THE NAVIGATION LAWS. The Committee appointed by the House cf Commons to inquire into the operation of the navigation laws met Friday in Committee-room No. 2. There were pre sent Mr. Milner Gibson, chairman ; Mr. Ricardo, Mr. Mitchell, Mr. Lyall, Sir George Clerk, Alderman Thomp son, Sir Robert Peel, Mr. Hume, Hon. Mr. Liddell, Admiral Dundas, Sir Howard Douglas, Hon. Mr. Vil liers and Mr. M'Carthy. Mr. Young was recalled. Mr. Mitchell called the attention of the witness to that part of his evidence given on a former day, where he stated .that British and foreign ships could be insured at an equal rate of 6 per cent. lie read to him a letter, written by Messrs. Carruthers and Budd, the under writers at Lloyd's, stating that they had themselves underwrittenoak-built Prussian shire:, standing, for seven years, A 1, at Lloyd's, at a rate of 12 guineas per cent. for a twelvemonth without limitations, and that they had ascertained that other foreign ships of the same class had been insured at the rate of ten guinea, while British ships standing for twelve years A 1, at Lloyd's, were in sured for 7 to 8 guineas per ce n t. f or a twelvemonth without limitations. Having read that letter, he wished to know whether Mr. Young still adhered to his former answer, that the rates of insurance were the same fur both English and foreign ships? Mr. Young did not think that letter shook his opinion at all ; for he did not perceive in it any allusion to the nature of the voyages in which these ships were to be engaged, and which would materially affect the rates of insurance; so that no inference could be drawn as to a correct comparison between these English and foreign vessels. Hr might state that the class of ships he spoke of in the evidence he formerly gave were ships all engaged in the East India trade. Mr. Mitchell—And would you still adhere to your former evidence regarding the price of Baltic timber being 1003. per load, when we are informed, on the authority of Parliamentary returns. that the average prices of Baltic timber were, for 1841 and 1842, 102,.; fur 1843, 104 s. ; for 1844, 745. ; for 1845, 795. ; and for 1846, 865.? Mr. Young—l know nothing about the average prices. i i I can only say that I am a consumer of timbei- - that I go to the cheapest market, at•.d that I buy the best; and that I have here a statement of what I paid for timber during the last seven years, which was the ground on which I spoke. Mr. Hume wished Mr. Young to read this statement, but Mr. Mitchell and Mr. Ricardo objected to its being put in competition with the Parliamentary returns. By Sir Robert Peel—ln 1842, after the reduction of the duty, there was an enormous increase in the demand for Baltic timber, which no doubt to some extent affected the price. lie did not know that the district which pro duced the best Baltic timber was of limited extent. He had heard so, indeed, but from some other sources he had heard the contrary. The Canada timber had also risen in price as w_ll as the Baltic, which was also caused by the increased demand. This was particularly the ease with the Canadian red pine ' which comp e ted with the Baltic, but there was very little of that timber in Canada. _ _ _ By Mr. Ricardo—lt Appeared from the parliamentary . e , urns that from 1815 to 1824—that was during the 1:-, , J1t of protection—the mercantile marine hail. upon the whole, whereas, from 1824 to 1846, that was the period during which the reciprocity treaties had been in ucticn, it had greatly increased ; but that he considered was nor a fair test, especially as regarded the period betwen 1815 and 1824, because a tew years before 1824 it was discovered that a considerable , num ber or ships were borne on the registration books that had ceased to exist, and these were struck off the books, which in some measure accounted for the decrease. Sir George Clerk—N', that was in 1827. Mr. Young thought it was previous o 1824. With regard to the increase since then, be thought there was a great fallacy involved in it, as every voyage of a styarner backwards and forwards was counted into the amount of tonnage belonging to this country, than which nothing could be more fallacious, as a mode of ascer taining the effective strength of England. Mr. Ricardo—Perhaps it is, if taken to sliciw the elf ctivestreigth of the country ; but it is surely a fair mode of showing how much of the carrying trade is in our hands THE PRIVILEGES of the COURTS OF ALDEIVAEN AND COMMON COUNCIL. QUESTIONS ON THE CASE PREPARED BY ORDER OF THE COURT OF ALDERMEN, WITH THE OPINIONS OF COUNSEL THEREON. 1. « hether the alteration of the qualification of a Common Councilman, proposed by the Bill in ques tion, can he legally made? 2. If such alteration can be made, whether it must not be made under the charter of 15 Edward 111. ; and, if so, in what manner, and by whom should it be made, in order to render the same valid and effectual ? 3. Whether a meeting of the Lord Mayor, Al dermen, and Commons, in Common Council assem bled (legally and properly constituted), have the power to pass an Act of Common Council for making such alterations ? 4. Whether there must be a Court of Aldermen, composed of thirteen members (the whole having been summoned), present at a meeting of the Com mon Council, to make a good assembly of the body ? 5. Whether the assent of a majority of the Alder men so present is not legally necessary ? 6. If a Court of Aldermen need not be present, whether at all events the assent of a majority of the Aldermen who do attend is not necessary ; in other words, whether the Ald ermen as suc h h ave any ne gative voice in passing A c t s o f C ommon C ounc il. 7. With reference to th e C ommon C ounc il , w h e th er a majority of the Comm ons (th e whole being sum moned) is not necessary to be present to constitute a good Common Council meeting, and whether a ma jority of such members present must not assent. 8. Or if the majority of the Commons need not attend, whether the assent of a majority of those who do attend will be sufficient ? And generally to advise the Court of Aldermen whether it may not be desirable for that Court to come to certain resolutions as to their views and opinions relative to the passing of the Bill ; and as to what are the proper means of staying the progress of and defeating the said Bill, if Council should be of opini,in that the measure proposed is a legal mea=ure, or a measure that ought not to be passed with re ference to the privileges of the householders, citizens of the city of London. COPY OF OPINION. " We are of opinion that there exist grave doubts whether the alteration of the qualification of a Com mon Councilman, proposed by the Bill in qu , istion, can be legally made, even assuming the consent o!- the Mayor and Aldermen has been duly accorded— the meeting of the Lord Mayor. Aldermen, and Com mons, in Common Council assembled, and the Bill properly passed. " It is not necessar, for the present purpose, to answer the intermediate queries, the subjects of %Nina may be yet further considered ; but we are prepared to advise the Court of Aldermen, that it is not only dasirable, but essentially necessary, for that Court to record their opinion in relation to the proposed Bill. If this Bill be allowed to pass in the manner proposed, %Nithout the concurrence and against the consent of the Court of Aldermen, the Common Council will be equally competent to pass any other Act in the same manner, by which any of thy most important rights of the Courts of Alderman, or privileges of the citizens of London, dependent on the ancient custom of the City, may be annihilated. " We are further of opinion that the Bill in ques tion cannot be passed without the consent of the Mayor and Aldermen. Should the Mayor and Alder men come to the resolution to withhold their consent to the proposed Bill, we recommend them to express their dissent through the Recorder in the Common Council, which was the mode adopted by the Court of Alderman in February, A.D. 1723. " CHAS. E. LAW, Recorder. "J. MIREHOUSE, Common Sergeant. " P. PEACOCK. " JAMES WILDE." Within the last fortnight the following .answers were added to the above opinion. "2. We think the alteration must be made in con formity with the charter of Edward 111., granted in Parliament, and confirmed by the statute of Richard II.; for although the custom existed before the charter, the custom has been invariably pleaded in the terms of the charter. " 4 and 6. We do not think that there must be a Court of Alderman composed of thirteen members present at a meeting of the Common Council to make a good assembly of that body ; but the Mayor and Aldermen as such have, in our opinion, a negative voice in passing Acts of Common Council, that nega tive being exercised in a Court of Aldermen. " 7. We are of opinion that a majority of the Com moners (who are the delegates of the commonality for certain purposes), i s no t necessary to be present to constitute a good Common Council meeting,' provided the whole of the Common Council are duly sum moned. " 8. We think that the assent of the majority of those who do attend will be sufficient. "CHAS. E. LAW, Recorder. "JOHN MIRE HOUSE, Common Sergeant. " P. PEACOCK. "JAMES WILDE. " Temple, May 17." The opinions of Newman Knowles, Esq., Recorder ; Thomas Denman, Esq., Common Sergeant: and Ar thur Belland, Esq., Senior Common Pleader, upon a case submitted to them by order of the Court of Common Council, November, 1824 : QUESTION. Whether a Court of Common Council is dissolved or broken up, if all the Aldermen present thereat, or if all such Aldermen except one, withdraw themselves therefrom ? and What number of Aldermen is necessary to be a AFtin bled and present with the Commoners, to constitute such Court? Mr. Young—But foreigners have chiefly sailing vessels, while England employs steamers. Now, sup posing them to be of 200 ions, and the one to make two voyages in a month, while the other made two voyages in a week, it was plain that in the course of the year the sailing-ship would be ranked as 48,000 tons, while the steamer would be considered as 208,000 tons, than which nothing could be more fallacious. Examination continuei—He was disposed to uphold the navigation laws, not only because they formed a nursery for the royal nay., but also because, however unpopular the notion might now be, he thought it was right to support the cause of native industry by mode rate protection. He applied that principle to every branch .f British industry ; but it was more especially applicable, be thought, to the shipping interest. In the Cabe of the corn trade, for instance, though the duty on foreign corn had been altogether removed, the firmer still retained a protection—he would give no opinion whether or not it was an adequate protection—on the cost of importing such a bulky article as corn, which amounted on an average, he thought, to 8s per quarter. But in the case of competition with foreign ships, there would be no such protection, but rather a direct bounty to foreign ships tie come here, in the shape of the freights they would receive for their cargoes. That argument of course - only applied to ship-building. He thought it would not be an advantage to have the power of pur , chasing foreign ships, because that would be the destruc tion of ship building in this country, and an additional expense would he thrown upon the country in providing naval artisans who had more than once within his recol lection been drafted from private dockyards to supply the wants of the public. The Chairman—Are you aware, Mr. Young, that more than one foreign snip of war has been built in England? Mr. Young—l am aware of one built for Mexico, which has no facilities for ship-building. The Chairman —No, but we have built one for Austria. Mr. Young—l am not aware of that. The Chairman—But I have been all over her mys-lf. By Mr. Ricardo—The navy has been manned in time of war by impressment. He was no advocate for im nressim nt ; but 1w was au advocate for having the eavy manned, in time of war, at all expense and at all ,i,zards. He thougt.t that the practice of impressment alight be superseded. if hot , r usages were given in she navy, and if the men were more kindly treated. rhe ulinost total abolition of flogging in the navy had don- much to conciliate sailors to the service, and he could state from personal acquaintance with the sea men of the Tyne, who were the most intelligent of their that with proper treatment they would not object even to compulsory service for a limited period. His own opinion, however, was, that it was unnecessary to man the navy aitogether with able seamen ; because as a great part of those on board were only required for the purposes of warfare, he thought that a supply of naval marines might be secured tor that purpose, who would answer equally well when they had got what s-tilors called their sea legs. He should doubt Sir James Stirling's estimate of only 1,000 merchant seamen being now in the naval service, at least he knew that seamen were continually volunteering into the navy from his ships, and other owners made the same complaint. He thought the great advantage of foreign shipowners over English was the advantages they possessed in cheapness of material and the cheapness of labour. The Coternittee then adjourned till Tuesday next. a meeting of the committee of the Association for Promoting Ecclesiastical Reform, and from two let ters which we publish elsewhere, that the arrange• ment proposed by the Chapter does not, tneet with universal acceptance ; and we must plainly , State, that while we are willing to give to that body much credit for the coriciliatory spirit which they now manifest, we do not think that there can be a satis factory settl,tfient of the question at iisue without some modification of the terms prop"sed. We shall make a few observat.ons on the three propositions seriatim. 1. The 3d and 4th Victoria, cap 66, provides that such fixed annual sums shall be paid to the Ecclesias tical Commissioners by the Chapter of Manchester, as shall be computed to leave a stipend of 2,0001. a year for the dean, and of 1,0001. a year for each of the canons; and the sums which thus accrue to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners are to be expended in making additional provision for the cure of souls in parishes where assistance is most required, in such manner as shall be deemed most conducive to the interests of the Established Church. It is most unfortunate that, when this Act was before the Legislature, the cliurchmen of this town did not bestir themselves to secure the appropriation of the revenues of the collegiate church, which are strictly parochial, to parochial purposes. This, however, was neglected ; and they were consequently dealt with on the same principle as the revenues of other cathedral and collegiate churches which are not parochial. All that can now be done is to apply to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, or, if necessary, to the Legislature, to make an arrangement which shall secure the ex penditure of the Church property of Manchester in the parish. 2. It is proposed that each canon shall hold, to gether with his stall, one of the livings in the gift of the Chapter. Now, it has been contended by the churchwardens, and hy those who agreed with them in deprecating Mr. Parkinson's acceptance of St. Bee's, that the charter contained provisions obviously designed to compel the residence of the warden and fdlows in the parish, in order that their services aught be available when required for the perform ance of pious and charitable effice-; and we are not at all sure that the Act of 3d and 4th Victori.e cap. 113, by requiring that for the futuie all dea: s and canons shah reside at least a certain period, at all over-rulea the provisions of the charter w hich re qaire a longer resi lence, under a penalty now unfor tunately insufficteot to enforce onservi,nce of the in junction. The great object of the present movement has been to compel residence, under ttre belief that 'he dean and canons have already, I- tl- , memorable words of Mr. Canon Parkinson, a " r respon sibility for the cure of souls in this parish ;" and those who have promoted the movement canno., he satisfied with an arrangement which asserts the principle that -he canons have not, as such, any parochial duty. The Chapter ha;e d. stray ed all the grace of con ceding the point by the condition winch they have nnexed to it. The stii,end of a thousand a year, which the law assigns to each canon, will he deemed by the public an ample provision for them; and the proposal to attach a living to each stall will be con ,lemned as an attempt to increase the income assigned to them. One of the present canons was, at the time of his appointment, incumbent of a district church. This living he then very pr..perly rc-sigiied ; and we do not see how he can concur in an arrangement of which he so practically expressed his disapprobation. 3 It is proposed to devote a porti n of the income of the chapter, first to the pay-client ~f fix-ci stioc nds to the chapl sins, with the object of abolishi ig the dues now paid by the district churches ; and, secondly, of endowing the poorer livings in the gift of the Chapter. Now, we think that the proposed payments being made out of parochial funds, woul i be most unjustly and unwisely limited to livings in the gift of the chapter, and more especially as this provision will, we believe, exclude from the benefit of additional endow ments some of the churches wh. re the duties are most onerous and tie stipends smallest. Now, although compelled to take exceptions to por tions of the arrangement proposed, we are not insen sible to its importance as a step to a better system ; and we rejoice that the Chapter have thought it right to come forward to propose an accommodation of the points in dispute. We trust that having gone so far they will not now stop short, hut will endea vour to secure a satisfactory settlement of the ques tions at issue. Much may be done by a plain state ment of the sums which will probably be at the disposal of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for the Chapter must recollect that as the success of their -theme wiil greatly depend on the efficient manage ment of the Church property, the public will expect some security that it shall be better administered than n the mjority of cases such property proverbially is. 3Manchester Guardian. BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, JUNE 4—A steady tusilless is doing here in raw suears, an ! prices hte not ,ewer th.s week. The offices o ontinue to be freely sup plied with samples suAeble b oth for grocery and rt fining purposes. There is a very coati demand for refined goods at fully late rates.—Priettl Mercury. ARRIVAL OF HER MAJESTY'S SHIP FROLIC.— Her Majo sty's ship Frolic Capraon Hamilton, has arrived in the ::hannel, having on board two millions of clohars, collected on the south-west coast of' America; and also 18.000 dollars,salved frond the brig Canning, from Islay, for London, which caught fire at Port Famine, in the Magellan Streits, and ha-I,k. The Frolic ~ u ,il,- o l cr , uri San lilas, Feb. 15 ; Vali). raiso, Fein 11; Port Famine, March 22 ; Rio de Janeiro, April -18. The pas-ket Swift had left for, and the pocket Ci-eie had arrived from, Falmouth. No news from tn' Frazds b ) this arrival. Madame Balfe's Concert, always the most excellent as well as the most select of tine musical season in the metropolis, promises this year to exceed all former oc easions. It will take plops at the NI ize•c Hall, Store street, on Wednesday next. 'n,e instrumental portion will be principally executed by the Amateur Socie t y, which numbers am mg its In , robers some of the noblest names in this country. Tt e vecel department will be in the hands or Castellan, Gaideloi, Flaschini, Lab ache, Coletti, and Sisuiligl. with "last hut not lea‘t,"lll,:d..o me Balfe herself. The music to he perfermed will comprise selections from the works of tie great , st composers patAil::!,,rn,iztei,a,;(re.lintf fromeath(ni a. d te 7 :l3„(i.i t ia : ri n iA,lute d :id • li: • sd l r s .::wri , e , T h w:eih ti ,,,:B r , opera,r .: : n siffi o lte n ae g wsyz::: t iel.: h ; riet)e:uiz:ynialegu,s.dm,,,,eati)s:inr7eiviwil.l::,l%,,bd,nats;:ival be executed tli•veral per executed ; till , ompesed for her upon tots occasion by her talented husband. ATTEMPT To CLOSE THE PUBLIC WALKS IN HOL LAND PARK, KENSINGT,iti,—For some days past, consi d•o able excitement ha,, bet n c• ated thiteighout the parish of Kensington, in consequence of an application made by Lord Hoil.ind. t i the parochial officers, to divert the footpath which pass• s at the top of the lawn, in front of Holland !louse and down Nightingale-lane, into the high road, and Addisen•road, which has for many years been a favourite walk of the inhabitants, and sitice the creation tot the district chapel of St. Bar nahus, in the Addison•road. hes been used as a church path by the inhehitants of Netting-hill aild Kensington Gravel-pits. His Lordship purposes to subAitute f Ni or it a new foot path, forty feet 'de, I eighteen feet of which to be well gravelled ; commencing from the High Great Western Road, THE PARISH OF MANCHESTER. directly opposite Earl street, and on the east side of the vyr I)ln•hetislS, d en , rance gatei of Holland Park, find passing of are enabled to lay before our readers the result. .. u g n ra d n er the shade of the noble avenue_©f trees, skirtin g of the negotiations which have been pending between each side of the dri‘v, t o t , re e na ,,, an d , ivrm a continua! the Chapter and churchwardens, on the subject of the lien of the pre sett public footpath, and uncient rigor t of ( 13 if p, B l e icti lF , O ti r o d i; way, from Nutting hill e-hieh new divides his lordship's i ecclesiastical arrangements of the parish of Man chester. ;; rounds fren i host Of the Devon A large number of the iehao iteres view To the origin of the agitation, which at one time threatened seriously to i m p a i r the efficiency of the of his lordship as an attempt to deprive the public of the Church, it is not necessary to allude further, than to beautiful walks they have so o lne g e - • c -ed ' h •b -h state, that it involved the question, whether or not boourhoed, and a committee tot in 3 ha l . •at neigh state, - w.,0,:e report it anxiously hiianti has been It '.fed the digoitaties of the collegiate church Shaul Ibe re- appointed in vestry to confer with Lord Holland's sident in the parish of' Manchester. This point has advisers and surveyors, h : been so far conceded to the parishioners, th a t an :orward to by the par sbiori,rs. arrangement will be made, by which it s hall be im_ ABOLITION OF QUARANTINF . .--The L or d s o f the a perative on all canons hereafter to be el e cted, to hold, Council have caused communication to be insole to the mtmi•siuners o)f Cii.,:? ,, nis by fir. Bathurst., gating that together A ith their stalls, one of the livi ng s in the Co g into eiii.sideraciiin 'die bi-i.ltii3f , parish, within the gift of the Chapter, so that each their Lordships, taki , tate tot the L ',ant (wi' h lefcrence t . o plague) to.r s ! v . ral shall perform duty in a church, and reside in the -, ear. past, parish. for al , pr, sent all T .iir4i tine upon h a ve c ome-. to the detertiaiiotwn i ve.si Is arriviig from The Chapter has also rgreed that, as it is desirable the Levant (Turkey, E g ypo, and Sj He inchich.(l). .1 a'Atshing what that any surplus which may hereafter accrue from the ,•ver way be [be natt;:,th c l, an b. -e of tt•eir ;_ii rgo, proN id e d. ruc k i of heal t h. h av i z g property 0f the collegiate chapter, under th e p rovi- vesse l s are furnished w . t visited be the quar.ntit. e or nth r proper efEe r sions of the 3d and 4th Vic., cap. 113, should be ex- been firs s , and tiiat the cress and ail /1- . ' e e elusively devoted to the spiritual exigencies of the ( Fi t al c 'e ns U t e .n. n free from any 'sot:telt:ion el ii:itcr,..srotin(eitiosinda,oitru t.s ase Parish of Manchester, they will use their influence, in the vovuee, ern) that he ot•• secure the ,luring• • . , , .... tour: conjunction with the churchwardens, to sec _ . iheret,ire, to ,i,,,.; , mat ih, c,,rn ~ , ) ..ii., tiers of tie Cus application of the surplus to such purpose- A" eee e would iiiv. An neves-0,.. r . , inst. mei es "-Jr carrying further, the Chapter has voluntarily offered co devote the reguletion irloo , ff• et In , ors . -.. ' • I•ua.c e ~!- tuts c, aini ' one of its estates, the best suited for building pur nicatien from Mr. 13,,th e r, t a bly be ex :ted poses, and whose proceeds may reason Pet Council in ‘valting), dlr. etior • i (on • ef ~e, clerk; Oki the IN Itii t: n issued by the to be, in a few years, of large amount (reserving. Ceteinssio tilers of Ceet only the small inalienable interest), for the pore ports and piaeps ..' digs to tbtir , 1. -, rs at the several throughout the united liiiigett.m to pose, first, of securing the ultimate ce-loptien - ; take c h , a.., t at this imporiaiit, order in Cou cal bo duly of other churches in the parish of Manchester frotr.l ''obey , 1 ecl from the pte,ent rime. the payment of dues to the mother church; eecondl e . A LEARNED r' s n s oN.—A le:T-71M parson, residing gilt of endowing the poorer livings in theof 1 the i pot far iron, IV ork,ligloti, Wit en,:, v e I in a conversa- Chapter. These are the main points of the RTFallgo. tional debate .Ith one of his Ilea, en. respecting the anent ; there will, necessarily, be much minor - • detail ,ty ot the Negro. Hi_ rev, relict , wtould have it— but to the safe conduct of the principles e n d o P3l : matter for the 1: vm,' of the Chap--'. r.--t' At- thc , negro race had p r i ; gist.—lust . u• ter consider themse've• , :. pledged. produced men eminent al QV , ry o( part went of art and The position of the d• science. There had, I e said, ben t mine.it ingro poets dean and can ons h•_.reafter to be elected may then be shortly st and painters, / Ail° oplu.rs, a arriers, statesmen, and First ,as to propert v_... Gated thul - • : an annual ins!'une, not ex- legislat rs ; and every man who I•nd ever dipped into history knew that. this ast,iunflivg escertion by a clergy received g 2,0001•, v, ill 1.;" e received by the dean ; and man was met by a quiet •reinand for the nana , -s of a dozen an annual income,. not exceeding 1,000/each ~ by the •altitude 0, from 11t . f noted niggers. Atier a moment's the four cano ns .• .. • . ~ • .• • ; the surplus, tit the disposal of the pause, his revues ce ~.tid thott h. ma :.111,13•14 mention two, Ecclesiastical Commissioners en"u '1 end he tt •ueet • L., I—the tone eas ancient, , to be employed in re lieving the spiritual necessities of the parish of Man- the oth,r modern . }nom , i lls e .„ ,-, • 3 - urn his opponent, chester • as if utterly to ctoitfotted and silence it m, and with a Second, as to residence, the dean will, in confer- • kind of disdain!iil COllde*Cetision, toe solemn ass ave— inblissful iniconsci ,, u , ness of his matchless l g .; Otganee— mity with the Act 3cl and 4th V . t • Victoria, orm, cap. 113, re- i g norance—the battles of Seipie Atricaud: ' and Jim side in the parish at least eight months in the year. crow !! Carlisk Juuriial. - The four canons will, in conformity with the Act Stl A D v IRTU4'.3I.-: , T. - A BEDRIDDF.N PF.RSON' —Wox and 4th Victoria, cap. 119, reside in the parish as DE8.F131.. EFFECTS OF HOLLOWAT'S OINTMENT AND PILLS,—TtOSeTt canons, and will, in conformity with the new statute, sagotepawehnisc,hot Itar t kingi , side, near the It, d s t i louse hurt his leg 19 years reside in the parish at least nine months in the year, quish his tradeas ca a shoe is k na c er s° , a ' n e d i T i o - - g y o ati t t o o t o h Ti t e on ti d i o m n tilt:l.l-411R ltsl M rectors having the cure of souls in assigned dis- io e r:sevcn weeks ; the surgeon 'wishing tn amputate ins lag. tracts. The two minor canons will reside in the wh i j e c t h t, c ~ ,i v i a se re e o l i e n v p t i ,n t ee i t ;vy b, s ,;l: l l : l r e ed .a t h g , r h e a a , t s e ,, s . t i tfe t, rin u gs, h tw i T o f Parish as vicars having cure of souls in the collegiate loway's ointment and I.iils f..r five weeks he is it ' ble to d 3 ;ess .l hi g mseli, and walk by the aid of crieriies. i, th ',very pro,abiltty of a speedy church district. re. These in, dieine, art- 5.1. l 1, , , „,1 d rug e sts, and at Pro f essor It will be seen, from a notice in another column of I care. 244, Sira..d, Loudon. HAIL STORM. While accounts of the slate of the crops and ol vegetation gen:rally have recently been so favourable, we regret we have this week to record the effects ol lightning and letilstorms of unprecedented severity, ex perienced by the inhabitants of Outwell. Upwell, Em neth. Watton, and Warple. On the afternoon of Friday the 28th ult , between hve and six o'clock, the state of the weather threatened a thunder-storm, which, about natl . -past five o'clock, broke over the district of the country embracing the above-named places: the storm was indeed of . unusual violence, accompanied with tail, or rather 'falling ice, which has proved most destructive to the crops in this district, and also to , other property. At Outwell the electric fluid did con- sideratle damage to the house of Mr. Booth, the female servant receivingtmuch injury. Glass in all directions has been demoln,ned, including a conservatory at Beaupt4 Hall, the residence of the Rev. W. G. Townley. The storm proceeding on to Emneth, raged over th,t village with terrific violence, evidences of its destructive power extending for atn•ut a mile, much of the wheat is cut down, and the fruit trees are actually cut to pieces; in the st.uth of the church the windows are entirely de str,yed, the residences of Mr. Stimson and Mr. T. Bird having not a single pane of glass left entire: the cot tages of the humbler resident,. in the village have also suffered. Large pieces of ice were picked up, of un usual weight and size. The storm passing onward to Watton and Wurple, left Wisbech, subject only to heavy rains, accompanied with much thunder and light ning. A ship, which has s•tbsequently come into port, encountered the storm as it passed from the land, and its severity may be imagined from the circumstance of its being impossible for the men to Ic-ep the oeck with out shelter from the cutting ice and hail which fell. Throughout the district sue jetted to this awful visita tion we fear much injury has been sustained. Goslings and live stock of that d..-scripticin have been killed iu numbers, and the trees present an appearance as if they head wantonly been destroy ed with musketry. We re gret t.. udd th:tt a man was lt,iled by the electric fluid at Guy birn.— Cant/midge Chronicle. DEATH OF THE 110 N. CAPTAIN AUGUSTUS VII.- Kirl a .d Loni.tess of Jersey received . 10- ,ellie,ence yesterday from Rome, announcing the demise of their second s!,ti, the Hon. Captain Augustus Villiers, at Rome, at the close of last month, aner a long 'the deceased was in his thirty. eighth )ear, sad served for s me sears in the Horse Guards BI te, ;mei marrie , 1831, the lion. Miss Nlercer E•phinstone, youngest daughter of the late celebrated Admiral Lord Keith. The mackerel fishing has set in, in real earnest, at all quarters 0., the west coast. Last week the take was se, and myriads we re sent to the various markets. i rh aln e e fish were hrge and fa', and, upon the whole, the finest that have been seen in the market for several years. Our fishmongers seem to have made extensive arrange ments for supply ing our markets with this fine fish, it we i n ik t e by The quantity exposed for sale last week, esi.,e ciaity on Saturday, when they were sold at 3d. per lb. The mackerel fishing has rather taken off durtng the last few days, but the fish continue good, and as large as last week. As this fish is the precursor of the herring, it is anticipated that that fishery i* just at hand. We learn that Mwssrs. Gallocher and Kelly, the tacksmen of th fish mai ket, have alr. ady made arrangements N. twin; jog to this market the first fruits of the herring trade.— Greenock Advertiser. COPY OF OPINION. " We are of opinion that a Court of Common Council K ill be dissolved if all the Aldermen present, or all except one, withdraw themselves therefrom after the Court is formed. _ _ " Independent of the practice which has prevailed , in the City of London for nearly two centuries of holding Courts of Common Council without a majo rity of the Aldermen, we might have felt ourselves hound by the modern decisions, reported in 1 Barn and Cross, 492-4 T. It., 810-6 T. It., 268, and 4 East, 294, to say that the presence of a majority of the Aldermen is requisite to form a Common Council AN however, such a practice has so long prevailed, we cannot say that Courts may not continue to be hell, provided Aldermen be present ; and finding no ex ' press declaration of any precise number as requisite to give authority to a Court, we are of opinion that the smallest number beyond one may be sufficient. "NEWMAN KNOWLYS. "THOMAS DENMAN. " ARTHUR BOLLAND. "Lincoln's Inn, 3d Nov., 1824 " " We have perused the additional pap►rs laid before us, and we have reconsidered our opinion, but we see no reason to alter it.-20th Feb., 1825." (Signed as above.)