The Sun. — London, England, 1832-09-19 00:00:00

Alg i DkjDOttel, l - • A 9;13 awe Vet eor: ettnoontere) tinatiUdnexiltov .CPC 4 l4iPia POn4i,tgril,lckdrostfie W 5.00,441:). 4 ,10 . I I conceive it to be the duty of. every man,, who ventures to write about laws affe.cting .society: in his own or any other country, tq• lc conscien-, tiously scrupulous not to commit to the pub-. lic any sentiments for which he cannot produce} unquestionable authority. This is more parti-, cularly the duty of an anomymous writer, for whose opinions the people are not botind.to en= tertain much respect, unless they carry .with , theni internal and manifest evidence of their 'truth and correctness. Under these impressions, have to request that you will publish herewith the references hereunto appended, that your readers may be enabled, from their own judg ment, to form opinions of the present causes of distraction in this unfortunate country. _ - You are already aware that the 'influence of parties and factions is so prevalent in Ireland, that a Government, even well-disposed to pro mote the good of the community, must feel considerably embarrassed as to the best mode of doing so. And yet there never was a period in our history, when the foundations of national happiness and tranquillity might be so perina 7 nently and securely laid, as the present, if our Ministry could but disentangle themselves from the petty considerations of exrdiency, which seem to occupy them. But in proportion to this facility, is the danger of a relapse into our old habits of feud, anarchy, and misery. The Irish newspapers will have already in formed you of the sanguinary results of Mr. Stanley's plan for enforcing the payment of tithes. These and the approaching election are subjects which almost exclusively occupy our attention ; and I regret to say, that the national feeling is not likely to he properly developed on the latter, as the registry is not proceeding with half the expected energy. This is chiefly ascrib able to the factions, who, while struggling them selves violently to increase the number of their par tisans, deter the more sober and moderate of all per suasions from availing themselves of the registry and their newly-acquired right of franchise. Mr. O'Connell, I am afraid, has done some injury to the liberal cause, by sounding the tocsin of Re peal, as many persons who would otherwi-e have registered, and voted against the Orange faction, now hold back and will not declare for either party. This is so, not only in the metropolis, but throughout the greater part of the country. With respect to this question of Repeal, you may rest assured it has made little or no progress among the people, beyond this city, and a few individuals who are beginning to adopt the ciy, connected with the abolition of tithes, for electioneering purposes. Those most capable of judging are doubtful whether such a measure ought ever to be regarded as one conducive to the welfare of Ireland or the United Kingdom. To the former it could not possibly bring any ad vantages, under our present distracted state, whatever it might do hereafter, when the peo ple of Ireland become more national and united, and the people and public press of England less disposed and less capable of serving us than they appear to be at this moment. O'Connell is, therefore, wrong in agitating a topic for which we are not prepared beyond the city of Dublin. Here, no doubt, there will always be a great number of shopkeepers and tradesmen—the per sons most likely to benefit by such a measure — in favour of a Repeal, for they'alone, of the whole kingdom, have not advanced 'in prosperity within the last thirty years. The more intelli gent of the community, however, in every other part of this country, are, if not indifferent on this subject, at least fully satisfied with a united Parliament, provided it affords them as much protection as it may and ought to 'do in its re formed state. While many, whose leisure or profession has led them to contemplate the con dition both of England and Ireland during the last six centuries, as regards themselves and foreign nations, seem to adopt the maxim of Burke,that— "lt is with nations as with individuals. 1 1 / 4 1othing is so strong a tie of amity between nation and na. tion, as correspondence in laws,.customs, man ners, and habits of life. They haie more than the force of treaties in themselves ; they are obligations written in the heart ; they approxi mate man to man, without their knowledge, and sometimes aaainst their intentions'. The secret, unseen, but irrefragable bond of habitual in tercourse holds them together, even when their perverse and litigious nature sets them to equi vocate, scuffle, and fight about the terms of their written obligations. (1) Would a dissolu tion of the union promote such relations between these two countries? As to the other part of the pledges intended to be put to liberal candidates, " the abolition o tithes," the case is quite different. - There ,Nil be very few members sent to the next Parlia ment dissentient on this subject, unless the conservative rent shall accumulate so much, as to Simulate persons of the ascendancy and high phurch party to come forward, who ,would other wise have no claims on the popular suffrage. In fact, this anomalous system is long since doomed to destruction by Doctor Doyle's expo sure of' its inutility—not to say its illegality and injustice. His opinions on this subject had nearly effected a moral revolution, even before the publication of his last letter to the Mar t of Anglesea. That letter, reiterating his former sentiments, has completed the triumph of tho worthy prelate's doctrines, in two ways,_first, by the vigorous reasoning con tained in itself; and, secondly, by the silly and impotent efforts made by some lawyerlings scribes to deny the soundness of his argu menta as compatible with the laws. of these countries. Both the letter and the comments thereon have gone forth to the nation, and the con trast, I repeat it, has completed the triumph, because it has shown demonstratively that the upholding of an establishment. by compulsory means is contrary to the law of nature and rea son, inconsistent with the spirit of laws in ge neral, which ought to be conformable " to the re ligion of the inhabitants and to their inclinations" (2), and, consequently, against -the principles of the laws of England, wriich,• the learned com mentator says, are only obligatory when founded on nature and justice. " This law of nature being coeval with mankind, and dictated by Goy him self, is of cour-e superior in obligation to any other—it is binding over all 'the globe, in all countries and at all times ; no human laws are of any validity if contrary to this, and such of them as are valid derive all their force, and all their authority, mediately or immediately, from this original" (3). It surely requires neither artificial logic, nor quotations from legal authorities, to prove. that laws exact ing tithes from seven millions of his Majesty's subjects, who have a clergy of their own to sus tain, in support of the clergy of half a trillion of people, is a violation of the laws of nature, and I'age ISO, vol. S. I quote from the edition of 1803, in 8 volumes. (2.) Montesquieu, Book I. chap... (3.) Blackstone's Introduction to the Commentaries, sec. 2. consequently of no moral validity. The people of Ireland know this as well as any ligns*----4nd rational legislator in the kingdom. TlVenow also, and are -further"instrttctedttliat-tfifyriiii under no moral obligation to obey such laws ; or, in the words of a distinguished Protestant Divine of the Established Church, that " it may be as much a duty at one time to resist Govern ment, as it is at another to obey it : to wit, whenever more advantage will, in our opinion, accrue to the community from resistance, than mischief." (4.) Such, or similar, is the exposi tion of the-law of tithes, as affecting the Ca tholics of this country, by one whose talents, conduct, and consistency have gained for him an influence over public opinion, paramount to all others. As a Roman Catholic Prelate, Doctor Doyle is removed from the temptation of having his principles or judgment warped or perverted to views of self or family interest. Relations dear, and all the charities, Of father, son, and brother, are to him unknown, as regards their worldly welfare. He has registered a vow in Heaven to serve only one master, in discharge of his duty to whom, neither interest, pleasure, nor principalities, nor power, can divert him from the paths of truth, and the advocacy of what he conceives to be conducive to the peace and hap piness of his country. Hence we find him the intrepid assentor and defender of every thing, which, under the sanction of natural and divine law, he believes to be beneficial to Ireland. And whether his old friend O'Connell assail his sys- tem of " poor laws," or his good King's repre sentative thwart his views for abolishing tithes, he is equally ready to break a lance with either, regardless of their interest, favour, or affection. Such is the man who has fostered and matured a national opinion, which has grown strong, and is now unfortunately at issue with the Go vernment of the land. I say unfortunately, be cause Government seems disposed to exercise the powers supposed to be vested in them by a statute enacted in a self.condemned Parliament, not recollecting that " civil authority is founded on opinion; that general opinion, therefore, ought always to be treated with deference, and managed with delicacy and circumspection." (5.) The ap proaching election and a new Parliament must decide this contest between public opinion and the people, on one side, and Mr. Stanley with his tithe bill, and the Government (or those Members of it that support him), on the other, of which more hereafter. In the meantime, what will those on both sides of the Channel, who charge the advocates of the legal and natu ral rights of the people with disloyalty, say to the authorities to which they are here referred ? (4.) Paley's Phil. Book 6, chap. 3. (5.) Ibid. STAFFORD COUNTY ELECTION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—As you may be glad to hear something of the electioneering in the country, I will endeavour to supply ~ ome information as far as respects Staffordshire. Thi s county returns two additional Members under the new Reform Act, and is divided into districts, North and South. For the latter it is considered certain the old county Members (Sir John Wrottesley and E. J. Littleton, E4q.) will he returned without opposition. For the former, three c indiddtes are in the field—Sir Oswal, Mosley, Edward Buller, Esq., and J. W. Russell, Esq. This county has not been subjected to the uproar and con • fusion of a contested election for many years. Sir 0 Mosley and E. Buller, E.q. are both reformers, and for a long time after their announcement there was no prospect of opposition ; at length, after much prayerful solicitation on the part of a knot of individuals representing them selves the organs of the Tory party, Mr. Russell suffered himself to be put in nomination. He announced himself disqualified by habit and inclination, and general character for public business, and, as his subsequent addresses have it, silent upon principle. It is fair to say he is fully I orne out in this description of himself by what has hitherto transpired in the course of his canvass. One or two ludi crous specimens of his oratorical exhibitions your readers have probably noticed in some of the London papers, with out knowing to whom they were indebted for their merri ment. Mr. Russell sat in Parliament for the deceased borough of Gatton, and from being accustomed to pay a fair price for his parliamentary dignity, cannot be expected to grudge a handsome contribution towards the dernorali- zation of the county. Already has he expended in a mere preliminary canvass a sum not far less than eleven thousand pounds. Eleven thousand pounds upon a constituency of less than ten thousand ! Mr Russell's party have de :hared over and over again that they must win, because they have the command of money. But, in spite of all, Reform triumphs. In the Staffordshire Potteries, c.,n taining sixty thousand inhabitants, the votes in favour of Reform are as twenty to one. In Leek, Cheadle, and Uttoxe ter, they are as ten to one. In the country, except where under the influence of landlords, the Reform candidates are most successful. Neither love of money, nor love of drink, nor respect of the hierarchy, nor fear of the squirearchy reign omnipotent any longer. The shopkeeper knit. his brow at the name of Tory ; the farmer walks away with his bands in his pockets, squeezing his money bag ; even the veriest bumpkin pricks up his ears, and dares to stick in a question instead of returning an obedient answer. Mr. Russell has some warm supporters among the clergy ; they complain indignantly of those who would deprive them of their share in the contest. I do not say they have no stake at issue in a reformed Parliament ; hut if I wanted an argument to show that a minister who values his usefulness, should not enter into collision on wen Idly topics with those who desire to submit themselves to his teaching in spiritual things, I would take it from the fact of all really good, and pious, and useful, respected, influential ministers who have the cure of souls, having abstained on this occasion front active interference. Your clerico-political zealots, your party men, are mostly sports men, dancers, gay livers, non-residents, and the like. Hand-bills fly about by the score—money at least stirs them. Mr. Russell is represented in them as any thing and every thing. One hand-1111 says Mr. Russell is the only friend to Protestantism, and recommends every poor and honest man to vote against Sir 0. Mosley and Mr. Buller, because they want to introduce Popery ! Sir 0. Mosley has long been Chairman of the Quarter Sessions ; more kind-hearted, honest reformer does not exist : he is universally respected. Mr. Buller is a Magistrate of rising popularity, a good public speaker, and likely to do well in St. Stephen's. The feeling throughout the country is so strong in favour of Reform, that Mr. Russell would hirdly came to a poll but for the madness of his friends : he is the tool of a party, nervis alienis mobile lignum. His private character is unimpeachable ; but the public look to his public acts and intentions, nor will they place confidence in a man who, sitting for Gatton, paid a price for the degradation of offering himself as a tool of iniquity under a Wellington Administration. Your obedient servant, A STAFFORDSHIRE MOORLANDER. P.S. Mr. Russell being asked the other day, what form of Government he considered most tfficient, is re ported to have made answer " Petticoat !" A table of some importance is given in the Carlisle Journal ; it is a return of all claimants to vote for the eastern division of Cumberland, divided into its various townships, and exhibiting, where known, the way in which the new electors will vote at the coming elec tion. We select a few of the most remarkable contrasts in the division to show Otis feeling :—Dalston, 6 townships, claimants, 121 ; for the reform candidates, 111 ; for the conservative party, 5. Wigton, 4 townships, claimants, 218 ; for the reformers, 166 ; for the conservatives, 31. Arthuret, 4 townships, claimants, SS ; reformers, 86, anti-reformers, 1. Bewcastle, 4 townships, claimants, 60 ; reformers, the whole number; and of twelve other townships in tl,e same ward (Eskdale), having 224 clai mants, there is not a single anti-reformer nor doubtful amongst them. The summary of the three wards of the district gives Cumberland, claimants, 1373 ; reformers, 1006; conservatives, or Lowtl-,etites, 231. Eskdale, 1 1 claimants, 1114 ; reformers, 1055, conservatives, 47. Leith, claimants, 1528 ; reformers, 1053, conservatives, 303. The total of the division returning two members stands thus . Claimants, 4045 ; of which reformers, 3114, anti•reformers, 303—a proportion of nearly 7 to 2; doubtful, 350. And this in a county where, only a few pests since, the LOWTH Eft family could do as they pleased w,th the representation. HAMBURG PAPE GOTTENBURG, SEPT. 5 —Thaio-ki tended to be presented to hi eititeno, on his expeeted•e4isit to it is in. tranle.e , wi.ev. published. Expressing their great satisfaction at his Majesty's pre sence, they observe that they are convinced his Majesty desires, in his journeys in the kingdom, to make himself acquainted with the real state of the people ; and they, therefore, b g to draw his attention to their foreign trade, which is chiefly dependent on foreign capital, to the un favourable state of their inland trade, to the imperfection of the state of their manufactures, compared with the pro tection afforded them, to the distress of their artisans, the depreciation of landed property, the large amount of the: taxes of the poor, and the enormous expenditure compared with the income. " We have certainly enjoyed seventeen years' peace, hut in these seventeen years our prosperity has declined to the lowest ebb ; but a few representatives of it still remain, and truth obliges us to confess that even this number would, on close examination, be perhaps greatly reduced. Our situation must not be judged of by the splendid edi fices, the sad memorials of better times. Our mercantile navy, which before the year 1816 consisted of about 200 ships, the tonnage of which was 15,000 lasts, is now reduced to 73, in all only 6.825 lasts, most of which ships are now old, and perform their annual voyages to a loss. For several years past not a ship has been launched in our dock yards, the owners of which now look upon the day as a festival on which an old ►hip is given them to repair. We cannot more forcibly describe the decline of our trade in a few words than by stating that the reserved revenue, which in 1811 brought to your Majesty and the Crown 134,000 rix dollars banco, left last year on!) , 56,000, while the expenditure for the poor amounts to more than 36,000. The course of exchange, which at the fall of the King, who was deposed for his in capacity to govern, was at 55 schillings only on Hamburgh, is at this moment 148. How are we to account for such circumstances, which unhappily, with few exceptions may be said of the whole kingdom." They proceed to state that they by no means ascribe all this to his Majesty's Administration, knowing that much of it proceeds from the injudicious measures of the Estates of the kingdom, from the improper measures taken in some places against the prevailing disorder, and from the illibe ral commercial regulations of other countries. But still truth obliges them to say that a great part of their distress proceeds from the want of liberality and judgment of the Administration of the kingdom. They think that the persons who have the arrangement of these matters want either good will, or knowledge, or time ; and they declare that they make so many mistakes, so often vary and fluc tuate in their proceedings, and interfere without any rea son, that great injury is done to the merchants, and his Majesty's good intentions frequently counteracted. They also represent the very deplorable condition of the farmers and peasants, and implore his Majesty to introduce such changes and reforms in the representation, and in the or ganization of the public administration, as may promote the welfare of his Majesty's faithful subjects. BERLIN, SEPT. 11.—His Majesty has conferred the Order of the Black Eagle on Count Pozzo di Borgo. The Military Commission of the German Confederation continues its labours here at Berlin. Several superior officers of different States have l ately arrived here. HAMBURG, Sara. 14.—Private letters from Finland say that the cholera has again appeared at Sveaborg.— Haniburgh Papers, Sept. 14. EXCHANGES ON LONDON. HAMBURG, ; two months, 13 12. CHRISTIANIA, SEPT. s.—Three months, 6 44. BERLIN, SEPT. 11.—Three months, 6 29%. STOCKHOLM, SEPT. 7.—Ninety days, 14. BREMEN, SEPT. IL—Two months, 616 615. HAMBURG, SEPT. 1 4.O•BORSEN.• HALLE, HALF - PAST Two o'CLocK.—Wheat—the prices of wheat have de clined ; good upland wheat, however, being scarce, might command the quotations. During the last eight days of September forty-eight car goes of coin passed the Sound, of which five were bound for British and twenty-five for Dutch Port , . Rix-dollars. Wheat, Auhalt, white -- red 100 to 108 - Magdeburgh --- Marks lOO to 110 - Mecklenburgh -- Lower Elbe 95 to 100 Stocks were higher to-day in consequence of better prices from Amsterdam, Paris, and London, and business to some extent was transacted.—Discount 2A per cent. End of September. Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent Y 68 Anglo-Russian Loan 98% Hamburg, Russian Russian Inscriptions, 5 per cent. asyi Ditto, ditto, 1831 112 Polish Bonds Prussian Bonds, 1832 103% Austrian Bank Shares 1146 Ditto Metalliques New Austrian 4 per Cents 76% hamburg Reporter. FALMOUTH, SEPT. 15.—The Marquis PAL xeLLA arrived here this morning, in the mail, from Lon don. It is expected he will embark to-morrow in his Majesty's ship Echo, now lying in our roads, for Oporto. Mr. WILSON, the Consul-General for Peru, will sail for that country the week after next. This will be a departure of some interest, as he is instructed on the subject of various British claims on the Government of that State. A letter just received from Abbotsford says, that " All here is darkening to a close." We fear that by next week our illustrious countryman, Sir WALTER Scorr, will be no more. Mortification has taken place.—Edin burgh Evening Post. We understand that the Commissioners of the Insolvent Com t intend to close that Court for a vaca tion of six weeks, commencing from to-day. Mrs. NisBETT, late Miss I‘IO3RDAuNT, who returns to the stage, making her appearance the opening night as the Widow Cheerly, is the widow of Capt. Nits !SETT, whose snelaecholy death some time since created so much sensation. It occurred shortly after their marriage. The family of the Marquis Of LONDON DERRY have been put into mourning by the death of his Lordship's brother-in-law, EDWARD MICHAEL WARD, Esq., Minister Plenipotentiary at Dresden, who died at Brighton on Wednesday last, in his 44th year. Mr. WARD W.. 8 introduced into public business under the auspices of the late Marquis of LONDONDERRY, and, after filling seve• ral diplomatic situations at different Courts, was appointed to the Embassy at Dresden, whence he had lately returned on leave. Mr. WARD was the eldest son of the late Right ROD. ROBERT WARD, brother to the late Viscount RAN cox, and was united, in 1915, to Lady MATELnA. CHAR LOTTE STEWART, sister to the present Marquis of LONDON DERRY, by which lady be has left a son and a daughter. On Friday next, being St. Matthew's day, ac cording to annual custom, the Lord Nlayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Governors of the several Royal Hospitals, will attend divine service at Christ Church, Newgate-street. After a sermon by the Rev. THOMAS BROWNE, M.A., of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, they will repair to the great hall in Christ's Hospital, where two orations will be delivered, that in Latin by NATHANIEL KEYMER, and that in English by EDWARD WILLIAM MILNER, the two senior scholars of the grammar-school. We understand that in consequence of repre sentations having been made to the Committee of the Stock Exchange, as to the inconvenience of marking the price of 1,0001. bargains in the Consols and other Stocks, that permission has been given to mark all hatpins amount ing to 5001. and which, in fact, was acted upon yester day. This arrangement wi I be found very useful, a!- though we thick that even this amount might have been reduced to transactions of 1001. without imposing any additional trouble. Accounts were received yesterday from Paris, stating that the British and French Governments were now making the freedom of the Scheldt navigation an English question, and that Lord PALMERSTON had taken up the matter very seriously, the British merchants re siding at Antwerp having petitioned their Government against suffering any duty being laid upon British ships, as the treaty of Vienna guaranteed the Scheldt remaining open, without reference to whom Belgium might belong, and the 67th Protocol of the London Conference recog nising this principle, which cannot be invalidated by the resolutions of Mentz. France is said to be cordially sup porting this view of the question, though her individual interests would be promoted rather by the shutting of the Scheldt, as in that case a great proportion of the Ameri can and Brazil trade of Antwerp would find its way to Havre. PI it is said, will not suffer Holland todis turf) the peace of Europe for the sake of toll. LORDS ELDON AND STOWELL -JOHN SCOTT, Lord ELDON, was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. and is the third son of WILLIA3I Scorr, of that town. Hi, father was by trade what in the langu ige of the place i , called a " Fitter," or agent far the sale and shipment o f coals. He had by indust y and habits of close saving accumulated rather con-iderable means from small b.-gin flings. It is said that the singular variety in the talen' of these two remarkable youths was manifested at a very eat ly age. When asked to " give an account of the ser mon," which was a constant Sabbath custom of theii father, WILLIAM, the eldest (now Lord STowELL), gay, at once a condensed and luc:d digest of the general argu ment and points of the discourse. JOHN, on the other hand, would go intp.4ll the minutice of the hari.ngue, whe t)SEir or shorpf', , O., failed in producing the lucid ge tre:.aView ern.: ein:half,theisSt,mber of words by his Nil/6r, An . thtirjx,4racters through life; 'so ahnrism of WORDS.. WORTH " The boy's the father of the man." WILLIAM was from the beginning destined to the study of the law. JOHN, however, was at first intended for the church, a destination which his early marriage was the fortunate means of changing ; and he, together with his brother, set out to fight his way in the world as a young lawyer. The issue of the encounter was not long doubtful, for not only were big education and character, but every previous in- cident of his life, admirably calculated to fit him for the scenes in which be was destined to act a part.— Tait's Magazine. Miracles will never cease. Sir GEORGE MURRAY has avowed himself not only a Reformer (for, as the work is done already, the declaration costs little), but a Church Reformer, which means a good deal. In can vassing the county of Perth, he declared, it seems, at a Catechetical Meeting at the Bridge of Earn :—" My opinion of Church property is, that it is the property of the State, and that every State has to regulate all the establishments which belong to it, either of a religious or (idler nature, in the same way that our Government regu lates the pay of the Army and the Judges." He added, that he considered Church property " to beat the disposal of the State." This is pretty well for a Tory of yesterday. The Aga de la Charte, of Nantes, of the 11th instant says—" We are assured that the Duchess DR BERRI passed through 'Nantes yesterday. Some persons assert that police agents are in pursuit of her ; others say that she is proceeding to the place where a congress is to be held, which shall decide upon the definitive and non hostile retreat of CHARLES X. and his family, either into Savoy or Styria, or to Vienna." The maritime importance of Perth seems to be rapidly increasing. During the present week, no fewer than one brigantine, three schooners, and a sloop have been launched from the building yards. Within a few weeks past, some others have also been finished, seve ral of which were of considerable burden, and all of beau- tiful mould and workmanship.— Glasgow Courier. A most effectual method of cleansing public sewers was last wefk put in practice by the Board of Health in this town to a considerable extent. The instru- ment made use of was one of the fire•engines, by which a copious supply of water was driven through the gratings with such force as completely to wash away the filth which had accumulated. We trust the whole of our sewers will be cleansed in a similar manner.— Whitehaven Pacquet. It is gratifying to perceive, on reference to the returns from the country, that the cases of cholera are daily diminishing. We understand that the metropolitan returns made to Government, are also extremely favourable, and that within the last fortnight the malady has consider ably abated both in its malignance and fatal effects, and is likely, in a short time, to disappear altogether. More than 100,000 quarters of wheat, and 58,000,cwt. of flour, have recently, it appears, been en tered for home consumption. At the present high rate of duty, they will produce nearly 150,0001. to the revenue, and will prove a very unexpected aid to Ministers, who, in consequence of the abundant harvest, had not calculated on any accession through the duties on grain and flour. The holders of the corn, thus brought forward for home consumption, will, of course, suffer a heavy loss, but they have no doubt found, in the present low price of grain all over Europe, that this was the only mode left them to ob tain a market for ir. BRISTOL CHANNEL.--The lights on the Nash Point, which were exhibited on the Ist instant, will be invaluable to the trade in the higher ports in the Bris tol Channel ; for, previous to their exhibition, every ship mister and his crew, no matter how experienced they might have been, were required to he on deck nearly the whole of a dark winter's night, to navigate that narrow part of the Channel, having strong tides and dangerous sand banks to contend with ; whereas a single bearing of the present lights will enable masters to ascertain their exact position, and thus allay the anxiety of those on board, and often, no doubt, save from destruction valuable life and property. —Fabnouth Packet. The clergy of the diocese of Durham have not begun to bestir themselves too soon. The public, in every direction, are giving them warnings not to be mis understood, that if great care be not taken, the edifice of the establishment will fall to pieces. The Birmingham Journal of Saturday last, contains a report of a meeting on the 12th instant, at Aston, at which the chair was taken by the Rev. Mr. ll&aatsos. Every one of the speakers hail a fling at Mother Church. Mr. PIERCE, Who opened the business by moving a twopenny rate, ob served, " That at the last vestry a committee was appoint ed to cut down the parish expenses to the lowest amount which the law compelled them to pay." In moving the adoption of the report, Mr. P. contrasted the pure and unalloyed religion of the apostles with the modern plan of rating and ceasing the people. Mr. D. B. Sarin! pro. posed an amendment, to the effect, " that it was unscrip tural to support religion by compulsory payments—that Church-rates are anti-Christian in principle, and oppres sive in practice—that a voluntary subscription be com menced amongst the frequenters of the Church, and that the meeting adjourn to the 31st October, to receive the report respecting the said subscription." Mr. MASSEY moved an amendment, proposing the refusal of any rate, and adjournment for a twelvemonth. Ultimately, the twopenny rate was agreed to, the mover, Mr. PIERCE, " declaring that he agreed with Mr. SMITH that national religious establishments were national evils, and it was his decided opinion that that garpous establishment, the Church of England, was calculated to tarnish, not to adorn—to destroy, not to invigorate, religion." These are ugly symptoms.—Morning Chronicle. It is undeniable that the political institutions of a country have a remarkable influence in forming the character of its inhabitants—witness the upright bearing of an Englishman, and the booing Scotsman. Our lately acquired privileges will soon produce a change that will redeem our countrymen from a reproach they have hither to deserved, for now the time is come when they may stand erect, with advantage to themselves. Motives of pru dence, which have hitherto been the juatificstion of their conduct, and have even obtained praise with worldly men, will invite them now to eFhibit independence of spirit —to sift and discriminate between the pretensions of public men —and to mark their preference of right and virtuous prin ciples, by bestowing upon the possessors of these the ho nours in the people's gift. As the taste is formed by stu dying superior works of art, so is the moral character, by contemplating instances of uprightness and independence. We hear, therefore, with great pleasure, of the many in stances of noble conduct which have been brought to light during the canvass for the election of this city. As yet, subserviency, which has been so necessary to advance ment in Scotland, has, through habit, a strong hold upon the minds of all men who have been within its influence. Such men look no farther than to what may be the present value to themselves of the politician who addresses them. Although an adventurer only, and he boldly declare his doctrine to be " quid pro quo," and self his god, they vainly flatter themselves he will honouredy practice his own doctrine towards them. But it requires little knowledge of human nature to predict their disap pointment. We have seen that the imputing to candidates the use of such low and contemptible means in their can vass, as the threatening to withdraw custom from any in dependent tradesman, has elicited very bold denials of such practices. This is a good sign, and we hail it as a proof that we have been found to have " the right spirit" within us. 'Tis true, indeed, there are not wanting those who, to justify themselves in the eyes of their neighbours for a dereliction of principle, perhaps of character, to which they may have been drivers by some secret influence or by a wish to gratify some low passion of the mind, will stand forward to defend the very practices which their proteges have thought proper to disclaim. But the argu ments and sophistical excuses of such persons may safely be left a prey to the natural sagacity of the people ; and their example, we have no doubt, will produce an effect diametrically opposite to that which they may have flat tered themselves it would have. —Aberdeen Herald (a new Journal, started on Liberal principles). Last week, a most daring robbery was com through I one t ap pears of 'fl itted by some villains at the res id ence o f t h e Bi s h op o f Hereford, near ntheeartiCo,ievlneesyeffHecittecd an itch, in entrance Hertfordshire. the back kitchen windows, which had been carelessly left open ; they then packed tip every thing portable they could lay their hands on in two sacks, and, after having broken open the cellar and larder, and regaled them selves wide the best the house afforded, they departed. As soon as the servants came down stairs in the morning, they were astonished to find the tables laid out with several plates covered with clean picked bones and a number of empty bottles ; that the house had been robbed during the night was soon observed, and that the thieves had regaled themselves plentifully was evident. Fortunately, as some labouring men were going to work hs the morning, they discovered two sacks, filled with pro perty, concealed in a deep ditch near the Bishop's house, and which proved to contain the whole of the property which had been stolen, no doubt placed in the ditch by she thieves, to be carried off at a more convenient oppor tunity, The property was immediately restored. FINE ARTS. • DY We have j . of Lady Peel, engraved by C.l sins, o"'" : ` 'ng by the late Sir Thomas Lawrence. As a likeness, we neither know whether it be faithful or the reverse, but as a work of art, we may speak of it in high terms of praise. The hair is exquisitely soft and silky, and the lights and shades of the face are marked with much delicacy. ILLUSTRATIONS OF MODERN SCULPTURE. No. I. A m ong the numerous specimens of the Fine Arts that are daily issuing from the press, we know not a more graceful, useful, or cheap one than this. In size it is a full folio, is embellished with three fine engravings from the works of three of the finest of modern sculptors, Canova, Flaxman, and Westmacott, and illustrated with appropriate verses (polished with the most evident care) from the practised pen of Mr. I'. K. Hervey ; yet notwithstanding their high re quisites, which could only be procured by a great outlay of capital, the price of each number is only six shilliugs and sixpence ! Really, the proprietors deserve every encouragement for their spirit in projecting and carrying into execution so hazardous an experiment, which nothing short of an unusually large circulation can pos sibly repay. LITERATURE. FAMILY CLASSICAL LIBRARY. Containing Franklin's well-known translation of Sophocles, which, although it be more spirited and graceful than Potter's, yet serves but the purpose of convincing every classical scholar that the language and sentiments of the old Greek dramatists are intransferable. Franklin has done all, or nearly all, that could be done, for his subject, but that all amounts to nothing. We have had the curiosty to turn to the last moments of CEdipus, as described in the Colo neus, but are sorry to find that the translation is, as honest Dogberry would say, " most tole rable, and not to be endured." FAMILY LIBRARY. The present number, which is the thirty fourth, forms the second volume of the " Lives of the Scottish Worthies," and contains me moirs of King Robert Bruce, John Barbour, the quaint old poetic historian of Wallace's achieve ments, and James the First. Of these memoirs, the best and most lengthy is that of Bruce.— The others contain little or no novelty. LARDNER'S CABINET CY CLOPiEDIA No. XXXIV. This number is wholly of a practical character, being an elaborate treatise on chemistry. The author is Mr. Michael Donovan, a gentleman, we believe, of much scientific eminence. The chapter entitled " Earths and Metals," contains many curious novel facts, which, at some more leisure season, we may be tempted to avail our selves of, for the edification of our readers. STANDARD NOVELS, Vora. XVIII. XIX. LONDON, 1832. The present volumes comprise the whole of Miss Jane Porter's " Pastor's Fire Side," the most carefully-written, the most natural, and the most interesting, in point of incident, of all her tales. In her Scottish Chiefs, she was indebted more to the nature of her subject than to her mode of treating it ; her attempts at character, though elaborate and ambitious, were sad blun ders, being wholly devoid of nature, and truth of colouring. Who, for instance, could recognize the rough, stern, outlaw Wallace, stern even in an age little short of barbarism, in the gentle manlike, accomplished, tender, and moral Adonis, who walks a stately minuet to a sentimental tune through five volumes of the Scottish Chiefs.— Miss Porter, in this eloquent romance, gives us an admirable idea of what human nature should be ; but affords us not the slightest glimpse whereby we may see what it is. This defect she has in part rectified in the tale before us. Her former high tone of romance and exaggeration is lowered ; and in the character of her hero, Wil- Liam de Ripperda,—above all, in her ably-drawn portrait of the scheming Countess Altheim, favourite of the Empress of Germany, she has developed the real (not the factitious) passions and motives that influence human nature. The Pastor's Fire Side is a tale that has the mate rials of durability in its pages. A KEY TO PLEASANT EXERCISES N READING, PARSING, MENTAL ARITHMETIC, AND MNEMONICS ; BY JOHN SMITH. FOURTH EDITION. SIMPEIN AND 31ARSHALL. We congratulate Mr. Smith on his very ser viceable little work having already reached its fourth edition. His successful progress in lec turing on " Smith and Dolier's Educational System and Inventions," has not been unobserved by us, whether in the Metropolis, or in the North of England ; and, we confess, we take an interest in all his labours for the improvement of the rising generation. The book before us enables any teacher, or parent, or nurse, of ordinary abilities, to attract children to the love of learning, in very early life, by the beauties and amusements which Mr. Smith proves belongs to it. I❑ his own words— " This is precisely the position in which all education ought to be placed : instead of being shunned as something irksome or disagreeable, it ought to be sought after with avidity ; and until this shall be the case, education, which is so blessed in its effects, will be but in a state of bar barism as to its mode." •••.•••••.. MO' ••-• •••• The following observation develop es one por tion of Mr. Smith's object most justly : " The reading of important books is generally looktd upon as a dull and tedious affair by young persons, who are, nevertheless, fond of reading and repeating silly stories. I believe the secret of this difference to be, that a great portion of the words in which the former are written are not understood —they present no image, they call up no association in the mind ; while the language in which stories arc written is more familiar, and therefore more engaging, although , in bet, the really important compo sitioner equally well comprehended." might possess a s tron g er interest, even for a child, if the u l a n n g d u o a g u e b oteftiltlyw, t e lere is as much of romantic, and yet rational, excitement to be found in works of the most valuable kind—in history, in bio graphy, in standard poetry, and in science—as can be desired by any children, whose minds we would keep akiove the level of idiotism; and to cultivate in an easy manner the means and the taste . fdlll . tiballoartaliAmsaniAliffiSMst CIO and tiin'oblini tasV Alhiouria(ufflorl IM fa' 4gq91% ) eltr, . • er BANK OF ENGLAND. The half-yearly meeting of the Proprietors of Bank Stock will be held on Thursday next, and, it is believed, the balance-sheet will he as follows The Bank of England. Dr. By Assets. Cr. To circulation, viz. : Pension Annuities £10,850,000 Bank-notes .........£17,100,000 Exchequer Rills Governmen t Depo- bought 3,750,000 sits Private ditt0......... 8,000,000 Three per Cents ------ bought 750,000 28,100,000 Surplus of assets ... 2,900,000 Government Se curities 17,900,000 £31,000,000 Bills discounted 2,650,000 Mortgages City Bonds and Loans Gold and Silver 7,700,000 £31,000,000 On consideration of this account, and of the principles of management stated by the Governor and Directors in their evidence before the Committee of the House of Commons, the securities in the hands of the Bank ought to be 20 millions, and the bullion 10 or 11 millions, or one-third of bullion and two-third securities ; the litter being at the present time more than 23 millions, while the bullion is less than eight, the Bank must be considered as not altogether in a safe position. The Directors seem to think, however, that as the har vest in the United Kingdom is abundant, and the ware houses already full of foreign corn, the present rates of ex change with foreign countries and the influx of bullion will be maintained. It would, however, be unwise in the Bank to abate its caution on that account. We want no foreign corn, it is true, and the import of goods may pro bably not exceed the ordinary supplies ; but, considering the armaments of the great Powers, the high state of their public credit, and the excess of their expenditure over their income, it seems most probable that every one of them will be compelled to raise money by loan. In that case the rate of interest will rise abroad, and our capi talists will be tempted, by the artificially low rate of in terest in this country, to embark their money on foreign securities, the purchase of which will as effectually drain this country of specie as any over imports of corn or goods. Nor is this view of the case merely hypothetical. France and Belgium have contracted loans already ; Holland de mands money, and, by the low prices of her public secu rities, obtains it here. In proportion to the export of bullion from foreign countries to England, and to the loans made in foreign countries, the rate of interest rises, the exchanges tall, and bullion is demanded at the Bank. The nation, as the history of the madness of 1824 and the panic of 1825 plainly shows, smart for the incaution and the errors of the Bank in the management of their circulation, and it is to be expected that the Bank will, on the present occasion, act with more than ordinary cautions and that they will abstain from all attempts artificially to depress the rate of interest. The chief error committed by the Directors in the Inv nagement of the Bank during the current quarter has been the determination to make use of the private balances de• posited at the Bank; in other words, to keep up the issue° of their notes to the full amount, in defiance of the note , rious fact that individuals have carried Bank notes to the, Bank and deposited them on account, because they coul d make no fair use of money in the market, either in die counting bills, or in lending upon goods or securities. The Bank has attempted to use the balances in two ways: —the first was by advancing an increased amount of their notes to Government, in order to make up the deficiency of the revenue for the quarter ending sth Jr' nuary, 1832. The deficiencies of revenue for the four first quartet.° have been as follow, viz.:— On the 10th October, 1831, the deficiency was £5,385,1 sth January, 1832 bth April, 1832 5,770,w:A sth July last 7,475,v7, As the average or,the first three quarters, therfore, was abl, £5,475,80u, the increased advance made by the Bank on de ciency bills on the sth of July was £2,000,000. When this first mode of obtaining an increased pr" 6t failed (by the repayment of deficiency bills effected by tbe , receipt of revenue in the quarter), the Bank began abou the end of August to purchase Exchequer Bills in the rner f ket. It is supposed they have increased their stock °, this species of security since the Ist of June from a bott' 3,000 0001. to 3,750,0001. The effect of the advance upon deficiency bills was td render tempor'ry balances in the hands of bankers s° others during the whole period from the sth of July to l b ' 29th of August perfectly valueless, anil the Bank has bee! endeavouring to keep the Money Market in so dangeron'; state, by resorting at the latter period to their second an of keeping up their own profits—viz., by purchases ° Exchequer Bills. In this way it is that the Bank interferes in the Wee, Market, on principles destructive to private property 2° of the public welfare. Property is interfered with , he ., cause the Bank prevents bankers and moneyed men f tl r e making a fair and moderate use of their resources; an d the public welfare is endangered, becau.e the artificial su r p l % of money thus creited by the Bank is too often invested f the most ruinous speculations. In short, the fortune' bankers and private individuals, upon whose stead iue : the industry of the country inu.t rest for support, are n e r , dermined, merely that the Bank Directors and the holde of Bank Stock may make up their annual dividend of per cent. vae lf It seems quite obvious to every one, except to the Directors, that the following course ought to have been ro sued by the Bank in the current quarter—namely, to advanced to Governmenton the sth July, five millions °° e instead of 7,475,0001. on the d e ficiency bills, and to ~ left the Government to supply the remainder, by borrovii in the market. There is no doubt that the banker' 3 ,?(t: private individuals would have eagerly tendered the eIP,I balance—viz., 2,475 + 0001. at three per cent. interest , the the more readily it overnment, calculating beforeba°d r necessity of revenue during the quarter, had specified P ° ticular dates for repayment of these temporary advance'', o f If this course had been followed, money, ins teto„ being rendered artificially abundant, would have e.os'oo mantled an interest perhaps of three per cent. ; and 1,0 the other hand, no want of fair accommodation O, have existed, as the Bank is always at hand, either V' or count bills of exchange, or to make any advances to vernment which individuals thought proper to decline' °t The purchase of Exchequer Bills by the Bank. a' t be. the end of August, was an odious interference with fair use of private capital. When merchants cease p , offer to the Bank good bills for discount, and when o i t chequer Bills command a respectable premium i° P dl Money Market, the Bank of England has no right t ° for fit ' forth forced issues of notes iv order to obtain pr° -- , o olt their proprietors. Exchequer Bills pay an interest 0 21. ss. per cent. per annum; they already contras° ,l` el' premium of 13s. or 14s. per cent., and the Bank, in mencing and prosecuting their purchases in that I ° ,o /1 any other security, when the rate of interest is 3rfer(4 much lower here than in any other country, i" te , with the property of individuals in a manner r • "" private interests and destructive to the prblic good. The Bank of England is of the tribe of Ishmael' pt sword is against every capitalist ; i t goes beyond s -II f pr limits of control over any pre s umed combination s ° o f' vat' capitalists ; and, as its operations create s° 14( 1, derangement and so vicious an employment of cal" 7 , o oel to force it out of home employment into the most ru pit 3 ' foreign enterprises, it is th e enemy, not more of c i "; e se:' lists and moneyed men, th an o f t h e i ndustr i o us 4 ,0 e The Directors of the Bank and the holders of 1 3 t uk i ,'l" f' l may complain of opp os i t i on, hut they must not be ~ prised at the general hostility with which they countered when the discussions upon the renewal c o r,' Charter are r esume d i n the eatly part o f next Yes Mornin g Paper. „ , IMPORTANT TO THE RUM TRADE' n o fr ii i° ; important information contained in the following c - t ifyi, nication front Lord SANDON, wi 1 prove highly g rj to the va r i ous i nterests connecte d w i t h t h e trade °f ,r The Treasury order referred to has been received "SO Custom-hou , e, bearing dare the Sth inst. ; thus a' n f a permanent, if not p er p e tual, immunity, insteado;FtF, precarious and annually terminable privilege of o° o oo from payment of duty on the whole of the natura l and evaporation on rum whilst in bo N nd. , 1 1E 5 %8 orton, Sept• " MY DEAR have the pleasure of CO t , you on the announcement I have this morning recei*ocie,lit o the Treasury, that their Lordships consent to pu t the ntheivr, security warehouses of Liverpool, in regard to nun, „ ing of retaining, "until farther orders," the privilef I they have hitherto enjoyed only in virtue of an anntla'ntnesl I have again to thank you for the information corn. vie by you, which so largely contributed towards enabling obtain this improvement from their Lordships. _ ailvvemrp : op , ol x g i e .Ao l n ie ri v ti e uo m nn.. e , , E m sq y dear Sir, yours, v,e,rsyAtrsuplYforLo (0 1 1,0 ° CIVILITY.—A young gentleman was i 47, asleep in George-street, at an unseasonable hou r ' s be!!/ brought before the Magistrate, he c onfessed 0 s~itY'o` i -- been tipsy. " Young man, you sho uld be ver y "1 am sorry. ' " You must be fined." —"an the money, " I am fined."—American Paper. f