The Sun. — London, England, 1847-01-18 00:00:00

f w e been tga i r st >zatibps ast; i ,eo o❑ the a.r con s draw be Pe' eact dP' id port to-daY , ier-ills Bani‘ ; to 207 a t 221; for toe to 351; iency to fix th e nexcd' 207„ 934 924 94A 254 12 92% 9P 9P 9F cosle rittcr , f i 22 394 112 ;-5 581‘ na g() CW - 1,0 Ole 7 T -A•47, - ,, • ill i . 1... - i'' ~, 8_ ,• ,.. : 9:o•''. ~,i.v 1 i I ~ • , ,4 , • 8 * 6 6 # , 191 i ; 44 . .. lip 1) 34 1 4 4$ 3 •f; 1 . A l 1)0 ,_.............,,,,....._•-•■=r--- i ~; 1 4 , ,, 3% . • EXteasion I‘ itto Thirds ~ . r ".! . 4 • • G 2l, _ _ orthem an-1 I . : , tstr-rn... 50 o. quarter Shares l'z % — v Do. New S "1,, , ' 1' North Staffordshire... 5 • ... oorth Vales 3% - lin.), _ -- , , ern and Southern ,vormeeting 3 lorth Western Daford, Wqrce • t . e . , 12% Wolverhamp3ton,- and 171. 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Grand Junction 425. 1 Vale of N eath 2 WWakefiee Id, Pontef rac t. & 32% *** ~,Gool •••-• Lvaterford and Kilkenny 11 • •••• ** Wate rford and Limerick 27% aterfd,Wxfrd,W icklw, and Dublin Wexford, W a t er f or d , and 114.... • 1 ...Valentia X _ East Riding Uni0n...... 425.% . ..... I p I% a p , _ lYes tConiwall 2 ..• •• windsor, Staines, and _ Bo uth ' Western ..... ... 425. 10 " i lts, Somerset, & Way' 15 , tooth 4° lil and Newcastle. . _ 37 341::::: . ~.. —71% Ditto New 2 .....• 6 % 7 % 93 v °O. Preference 92% 93 46% 'ork and North Miclltuad 50 46% 91 Ditto % Shares ..... ... 25 91 ..... ••• ...... 50 Po. Selby 20 123( Up. Extension 2 Ditto, Preference 17% Do. East and NVest Rid ing Extension 17 %.... .... _ A m, gio.zeigian2OßElG,lsil RAILIA TS. 1 •-- issrbadoes 14% Il isuu „_ t iu l g o ian giat %s i t u ern Am J i un ens e . t . n: 1 2 8 % ...... 1 - 4 N 38 % _ zordeaux, Toulouse, and - .. ... Catte (Mackenzie's)... z 2 •••• • 14 . (Espelete's) Calcutta and Diamond 7s. •••••• Barbour •••• 12% Central of Frcnce (Or lean s and Vierzon) _ C entral of Spain ••• • ••• 2 V4D3lOtl .......... ...• .• ''' SS. tnerara 2% ..•.•• udre Valley 4 — Area Bombay and , Madras % ula, tch Rhenish .. 7 _ talit Indian ss ••••" ___ ll ••• ••••• •••• • • " _ ..,'t4rapoux & Hazebrouk 4 _ 'neat Indian Peninsular ss. ........ ... eat Western Bengal... 53 . _ ?eat W esternCana - da.• • 3% ****** _ pilau and Austrian. ••• 4 ... l% ettsitica S.Mid.Junction 1 taxttirenatinboaurlga.San.ure :.- 62 6 ... _ _ _ ),,Pna and Avignon _ •• ' - 'adra s ... 1 It . .... rcpt • adzes. Nellore, an d •• - .. ..... • ................... I ,; • - Zadttinrlel and Valentia•-• 2 • " _ _ z!titis .. Do:kir and Li ege ..... — 3, 12 xd... 12 1 ,,ixd 8 •• ••• 12 Vs ' 8 _ Noah of Prance. 44orth J . . 1 7 :1,- - xd or, arnaleit 6 •,.....„' xd..... ...... / L. I.),;_eans an - I Bor lea ix "••• • - 7% P aris an al ..... ' .......41 • 3s 43 7 1 ,4 _ Pan g Lyons •.-.. •••• 8 _ taris and Orleans 2O • • _ _ Para and Rouen _ b..aria and Strasbourg 5 4 5 ,4 rueb and Havre - _ itnbre and Meuse •••••• 10 ••• • _ 3 3 % To`rasbourg and Bale ... 14 3:% ...... ........ To lirs and Nantes ••• -• 5 ,11111a1', Jurbise, Lan '', 'en, and ilasselt •8 wrillidad .. • ''''• .I,i . 2 2% est Flanders ................ ~ ..... . •• ° 18% 4 434 1 _ JOINT ock: p rov ,a sia ............. 40 11., .ncial of Ireland ... 25 BANKS.— _ _ etish North American 50 .. .. ..... • tat.lonal of Ireland 221/.; — ••••• — _ I.lOll°T, of London lO _ e.„ C don & Westminster. 20 r,nnnerial of London 20 . ••••• • ••• . •• ..... 11,4; ° i ti o iii aa1.... . . .. .. ...... - 9 5 .. • _ , riclon Joint Stock lO — ••• ...... Prov. England. 35 .. `4ll°llol Australia MINES. 3 !./I I kal del lonte Unregd. At [I-U, ON PRIVATE BILLS. /„ (Co --- usE OF CO M MONS.—(SAT URDAY.) 133u 'iLlee Room No. 22, before Mr. Examiner SMITH and Mr. Assistant-Examiner FItERE.) UNOPPOSLD LIST. , v 14 ::-. 11 1 j 1 :11 1 1 : 11 0 1 ing petitions for Bills were unopposed, and tittn'ustemn ormal proofs having been put in, the rs were declared to have been complied trI i ! R ISTOL AND EXE rER RAILWAY BILL ; —IVES I'OFF RAILWAY AND HARBOUR BILL; DRAINAGE OF CROWN LAND BILL. ADJOURNED PETITIONS. The qladjourned petitkns were then resumed. 4-',..ASGOW, DUMFRIES, AND CARLISLE RAIL „„n'AY. AND GLASGOW, PAISLEY, HILMAR 'OCK, AND AYR RAILWAY. The petitions against this Bill were proceeded with, 14:4 some of the allvg tiaons as to triflieg inaccuracies, either i n th e plans and sections or books of reference, were sustained. GLASGOW, DUMFRIES, AND CARLI4LE, AND • GLASGOW, PAISLEY, KILMARNOCK AND R RAILWAY ( N o . 3 ) . , This was the petition of the above company for leave to bring in a 13ill to make a bran c h f rom th e C raw i c k branch of the Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Railway to the main line and other small branches. The length of the whole was Potty-six miles, anti the estimated cost 00,0001. DeThe custoroart formal proofs were completed, but D. e re was petition containing SO allegations against ,e n Plans, &c., the hearing of whi c h was a dj ourne t ill Monday (this day). (eorninittee Room No. 23, before Mr. Examiner T. B. MAY and Mr. Assistant-Examiuer GUNNELL.) UNOPPOSED LIST. The following petitions for Bill s b e i ng unoppose d, the enstornary formal proof s were p u t i n, an d t h e stan di ng orders declared to have been complied with : EAST ANGLIAN RAILWAY BILL ;_ V - REIENIIEAD AND M DOCES; 'AISCLIESTER, SHEFFIE LD, AND LINCOLN- SHIRE RA IL WAY ; BIRKENHEAD IMPROVEMENT BILL. OPPOSED LIST. GLASGOW, DUMFRIES, AND CARLILSE RAILWAY, and GLASGOW, PAISLEY, KILMARNOCK, AND This w AYR RAILWAY (No. 2). the petition of above companies for leave to br;ng i as n a Bill to make certain the extensions and branches. extending to upwards of 36 miles of railway. The esti mated comet was 660,0001., and the engineer Mr. John killer. The customary formal proofs having been put in, „„.111r, GRAHAM opposed the petition on behalf of a Mr. thet he plans, sections, and books of references. Some of , allarations were sustained in a qualified form, and he cas e closed. READING, GUILDFORD, AND REIGATE RAILWAY. IThis was the petition of the above company, for leave o bring in a Bill to make certain deviations in their 4 1 ,! 1 '', and to repeal the restricting clauses coutaineu in l u ti Reading, Guildford, and Reigate Act of 1846, so far Za, they related to the construction of a particular portion li t their line. The deviations were only two of a trifling c, i ! t ure, one extending to a mile, and the other three luurters of a mile in length. I _T he petition w as o pp ose d by M r . Ch ar l es P ARKES , on an rhalf of several owners, lessees, and occupiers of land, pa nthe Di rect London and Portsmouth Railway Com 1, On the ground that the company were seeking for h o l v ,,ers which would seriously injure both the land p',,er3 and the railway company. One portion of the th, 4 . i ng, Guildford, aid Reigate Railway will pass over latter ground as the Direct Portsmouth ; but the Ch's nom __ y Pan by their Act have the option of making th ' s Part of the railway, provided they do so and pur pe;se the land for the purpose within a given 11111°4 of time. The present petition was for a ,; to repeal that restriction, to enable the e s e „,',ng, Guildford, and Reigate Company at once to obTPlete their line in tact. The landowners, however, eirlQet to this, on the ground that their land would be th at .P twice where Parliament had already decided it should only be disturbed once.. ths t r * 7 climiner MAY said, it did not appear to him the standing orders had been violated in any re- Zt• The question raised did not come within the co Race ()fa standing-orders tribunak—Standing orders %plied with. This AND EXETER RAILWAY. , 1 ,, s was the petition of the Bristol and Exeter bri: tic _ °l4 Paay, for leave to introduce a Bill t o . make a Tk_ estimated from Taunton to Castle Cary, 22 miles in length. _stimated cost was 352,0001, and the engineer, Mr. Pearl') p et ition was against the plans, but no one ap „mi g ...to _,support it, the customary formal proofs w . e . re , within' man the standing orders declared to be complie d 41411S GOW, PAISLEY, KILMARNOCK, AND This was AYR RAILWAY (N o . 5). the petition of the a b ove com p an y for w*Ta to Introduce a Bill to make a new entrance And - . • .7.-,•• • ) ' station in Glasgow. The lemr,th was one mile and a half, and the estimated cost 350,000/. The formal proofs were found to he defective, inas much as one of the notices had not been served within the time specified by the standing orders. Mr. GRAHAME opposed the petition, on behalf of the Caledonian Railway Company, and succeeded in sus taining one or two allegations as to inaccuracies in the plans and sections. GLASGOW, PAISLEY, KILMARNOCK, AND SPORTING INThLLIGEN(;E. BATH STEEPLE CHASES. —FRIDAY. Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, and 50 added. Four miles. Mr J. Barrow's Carlow NIT.. 11.Iorgan's Compton ... Mr. Bennett's Mr. Simmonds 3 11r. Price nd Tavistock Several others ran. Won easy by three lengths. The second race was won by Mr. Oakey's Emperor. The Burton Constable Steeple Chase, on Friday, for was won by Mr. G. Wray's g re y horse, aged (Mr. John Lamplugh), beating three others easily. MANCHESTER. —FRIDAY. LITERAT UH THE EDINBURGH REVIEIV. CLXXI. One of those admirable biographical articles for which the blue-and-buff Review has been remarkable since its commencement, is prefixed to the seven other articles in the present quarter. The subject has been suggested by the recent publication, edited by Mr. John Hill Burton, viz., a copious biography of David Hume. As a composition the paper is singularly difficient: it has none of the graces of style, and none of the orato rical enthusiasm, which would have characterised a contribution upon the same theme from the pen of Lord Jeffrey : it is altogether devoid of that epigra matic tartness and brilliant illustration, which would have been found in one written by the late witty Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, Sydney Smith : it has neither the graceful style of Walter Scott, nor the splendid enamel of Macaulay. Never theless, the article is valuable, readable, and judicious. Since the d ecease o f the great his torian of England, but little, comparatively, has been known by the multitude respecting his domestic career, and his familiar character. Whatever circumstances or peculiarities in his per sonal history had reached the ear of the public, had only come to us incidentally. As his contemporaries —the more illustrious of them—followed him to that ferry-boat of old Charon, which he himself in a de plorable fit of levity, joked about on his death-bed, stray anecdotes and casual incidents relating to David crept out piecemeal in their memoirs and autobio graphies. Otherwise nothing was printed which could elucidate his disposition and his habits, until the letters and manuscripts left by Hume to the care of his nephew, Baron Hume, with a tes • tamentary injunction as to their publication, (an injunction rejected . by Adam Smith,) were consigned to the Royal Society of Edinburgh on the decease of the Baron, were ultimately resigned into the editorial hands of Mr. Burton, and were finally in 1846 given to the world in two goodly and interesting volumes. Before then, the generality of the English public had only picked up a few intermitently recog nised traits in regard to the historian of the country. Everyone knew that Hume was (ethically) rather more than slightly deistical. Everyone knew that he had dabbled in metaphysics, and had tried to establish a system of philosophy, and had failed. Everyone knew that Hume had a natural ' affection for frugality, and an occasional passion for vo luptuousness. Everyone knew that Hume was a fat man—a decidedly fat man ; more than corpulent in his middle age, and towards the close of his life rapidly approximating to obesity. Everyone knew that he absolutely abhorred Eng land, that he contemned " the barbarians living on the banks of the Thames," that he had contracted an incongruous friendship, and afterwards picked an anomalous quarrel, with Jean Jacques Rousseau ; that he rejoiced in the luxurious society of Paris; that he could at last thoroughly enjoy the fabrications of the cuisine; that his physiognomy was lumpish and unmeaning; and (be it said with tenderness and reverence) that he had wept passionately on hearing of the death of his mother. We had grouped together the hieroglyphs, but we wanted the key to them. We were aware of the principal actions and events of his bodily life, but we wanted the narrative of his mental alternations ; we wanted admittance into the secret chambers of his heart ; we a anted to plomb the depths of his infidelity, and to form some ade quate conception of his extraordinary intellect. These desiderata could be best obtained through the medium of his private correspondence, and the multi tude of hitherto unrevealed facts treasured up among his private manuscripts. Through the intelligent agency of Mr. Burton, under the sanction of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, most of these mysteries are now explained, many of the most intricate por tions of the labyrinth are threaded. "The Life and Correspondence of David Hume " reposes in authentic " leather" on a thousand bookshelves in the kingdom, and that Life and that Correspondence are condensed into the compass of some seventy pages in the January quarter of the _Edinburgh Review. From the period of his birth, at Edinburgh, in 1711, to his demise in the same capital, on the 25th of August, 1776, the career of David Hume is tracked with sagacity and discrimination. After his matri eulating, in 1723, at the University of Edinburgh, we are introduced to him when the victim of the most morbid and hypocondriacal phantasies.. For the law he is destined—reads the rudimentary chapters of Voet and Vinnius—and imbibes a thorough and iner radicable detestation of the p rofession. In his twenty first year, namely, in 1731, we find him selling gloves and bombazeen from be hind the counter of an extensive tradesman in Bristol. A fierce disgust seizes him at his occupation, and before the expiration of the twelvemonth, he is off ti France, and domesti cated at La Fleche. By 1737 he has returned to London with his " Treatise on Human Nature" com pleted, and in 1739 the same treatise is issued through the press—an abortion. Thereupon David Hume is dejected, and seeks consolation in the family circle at Ninewells. Before 1741 has expired there appears in Edinburgh a little volume from him, entitled "Moral and Political Essays," a volume which ultimately accumulates in bulk and worth into the shape of his renowned " Essays, Moral, Literary, and Political." ~,Subsequently he produced his " Dialogues on Natural - Religion," and in the courie of 1745, he is degenerated into "tbe company-keeper of a literary lunatic," Lord Annandale, living near St. Albans. Then comes the ridiculous expedition in Britanny, carrying off the Scotch scribe in the retinue of General Sinclair, in the capacity of secretary and Judge Advocate. Saving that this adventure en abled him to obtain some more extended experience of the world than he could have g leaned by dozing in his elbow-chair, it was the wa ste of the invaluable time of Hume. After an absence of two or three years he returns homewards, one thousand pounds in pocket, and settles down, in something like domes ticity He is there and comfort, at Edinburgh. soon afterwards elected Librarian of the Faculty of Advocates, which places an envi able assort ment of books at his command. In 1752 he commences his History of England, beginning with the Stuarts, and so going back towards the Conquest, till its c ompletion in 1762. During the intervals of its composition he comes to London, namely in 1 7 1758, and resides there somewhere about a ysle street, Leicester-fields. By the publication of his im mortal work, David Hume had now won for himself laurels upon which he could repose (and not inglo riously) during the remainder of his days. He visits Paris in the full blaze of his celebrity ;_ returns to England, and lives in London two years, dating from the middle of 1766 to the middle of 1768, and settles finally in the autumn of the latter year at Edioundnburgh with a respectable income of t w elve hundred p s p h e e r annum. An amusing description is g iven by t of reviewer of the literary despotism exercised in ,s Lon don by Doctor Johnson, at the period lme arrival in the metropolis. " Considering,.l - Johnson's occasional brutality," says he, „ it wouldnot have been safe for him and Hume to have met in the great And as a superb illustration of the sway, of b privat. taking lexicographer. he observes, "it was I advantage of Johnson's being awaY, thSamith into the friends contrived to smuggle Adam Hume ontTlalfy-a-dozen to Eng club." The laughable antipathy of 11 land and the English people, is 111 ue stionably the • el his character. weakest of the many weak p oints in it It tainted his whole nature like gangre . ne ; ' a . During his flawed his intellect like mono sojourn in the French capital, inhabitants he was mshaenihistorian was not merely " a passion," with its downte writer is not ado a God, before who m they bowed ra tion ; and we conceive the far from the truth, where he suspects that the incense erous acts of extrava offered to him fo r a time intoxicated his masculine and robust nature. Am on g the nu wa s that of the presen gant homage paid to Hume, princes (sons of the Dauphin), tation of the three little . eight, and six. These poor aged rispectivelysetnir, p to deliver prepared harangues children were on' hi s Philosophy and History." to D avid Hume, and spectators of that buries those infantine panegyrists Little did the enactors que scene anticipate were the germs of three of the English historian,were to be rendered memorable by that sovereigns, who misfortunes—Louis XVI L • XV Louis 111 and their imagine to Charles X. W e can ima ourselves the of grotesque figure alt n M i o ns ieur Hume, enaged n a pant • a om• imic tablea g ux at S in the role of a the Scotch author making Paris : we can itnagi. ne fictitious love to his imaginary captives, seated upon a sofa, between two of the prettiest women in France, thumping his legs. a n , cl s, to b ti . iac;, and spluttering out over and over again b b l . en. , ?nes demoiselles. Eh Lien! vous voila done; e zen. vous voila, , ioilS. ?Vila iCi 1 " until he is tumbled out of the reom "disgrace fully" as incorrigible. We can readily i mag i ne t h at preposterous exhibition, now that it has been so vividly r e vived to our recollection by the reviewer. There is a very noble image introduced into this article by way of illustration to the meanness of Hume's haughty infidelity in matters ethical. It is comprised in three brief sentences, and is this :—" He would have been happier, we think, if the severity of his code of morn's had been a li tt l e raised—and o a her if he had lifted himself u p b y l ooking t n ature ! There wa s of old legendary figure Christ, which was said to have a power gure growth in it, so as to be always taller than the tallest man. The companion to this figure, and also converse to it, would be the man, who , erect in himself cnoble yet, from looking upwards, becomes noblerant,,, We have commented so largely open nth.s . biographi cal paper, that we have left ourselves little space for the enumeration of the subsequent articles. A contribution larded with anecdotes, and brimming over with antiquarian gossip about Paris, follows. Talking about the the streets of Place Royale, the writer has availed himself of the opportunity to sketch the character of Cardinal Richelieu t ou ches—so brilliant and so truthful withal, that we transcribe the passage entire : " Cardinal Richelieu, take him for i all n all, was per haps the ablest, if not the greatest of Frenchmen (for AYR (No. 4.) This was a similar petition to the last. It was opposed by the Caledonian Company, and a few unimportant allegations were sustained. The inquiry was adjourned till Monday (this day). Not a bet made to-day. HUNTING APPOINTMENTS. Her Majesty's staghds meet the first day after the frost, at the Golden Ball, Bracknell—at 11. Sir C. Constable's hds. meet Wed., at West Newton-111;. Baron Rothschild's staghds., Thurs., Littlecote--11. Surey staghds, Tues., Trentham Bottom ; Sat., Warling ham. Bedale lids., Wed., Wood End; Fri., Kiplin-10 1 12. Cambridgeshire hds.; Fri., Barrington- 10 1. Cleveland hds., Thurs., Sunny Cross-101. Durham County hds., Wed., Stoney Gate; Fri., Esh-101. Mr. Drake's hds., Tues., Bourton Village; Thins., Men marsh Guide Post; Sat., Marston St. Lawrence-101. F. B. lids., Wed., Bonython-101. Haydon lids., Wed., Haydon Plantation ; Sat., Kennel Mr S. Lowndes's lids., Sat., Nash Common-11. Oakley hds., Thurs., Cranfield ; Sat., Hail Weston Wood to 11. Rabe hds., Wed., Tudhoe Villa; Fri, Walkerfie ld-10 % . Sinnington hds., Tues., Catter Bridge; Fri., Helmesley. Sir Henry Seale's lids., Wed., Kennel; Sat., Holne Cot: Tindale lids.. Thurs., Nafferton-10 1 /0. Mr. Watson's lids., Fri., Netherwitton-10%. York and Ainsty hds., Tues., Strensall ; Thurs., Ferensty ; eat., Brandsby Bar. Mr. Fane's hrrs., Thurs., Warpsgrove Lane; Sat., Eme line. Al brighton lids., Thurs., Chillington ; Sat., Warf Gate-10. Herefordshire hds., Thurs., Rackhall Wood ; Sat., Cornet's Bridge— 10 %. Craven hrrs., Tues , Eshton Farm ; Fri., Marton East-11. Mr. Hildvard's hrrs., Tues., Acklam Blue Bell ; Fri., Trenholnie Bar-10 1 /. z . Cottesmore lids., Tues., Loddington Hall ; Wed., Bull, Witham Common; Fri., Norington Village; Sat., Thistlet;.n —ll Lord Southampton's lids., Wed., Stoke Plain; Fri., Astwell Mill; Sat., Biddlesden Park—ll. York •Egham Derby *Hereford .... NOVE' THE SUN. LONDON, MON DAY MORkING, JANUARY lB, 1847. Napoleon, it must be recollected, was not a Frenchman by birth) ; and he was the most essentially French. Capable of the, greatest schemes of statesmaike ambi tion, the smallest personal interest or personal pique lay ever more closely at his heart. Even while planning his vast combinations of foreign and domestic policy, the bulk of his time and thoughts seem to have been cccu pied with cares of the most trifling description : with amorous and literary enterprises, having nothing but the gratification of vanity for their object : with elaborate devices of mystification and buffoonery, childish rivalries, womanish intrigues, and the tricks of a malicious monkey. He had none of the sympathies, few of the prejudices, of his age. Neither sacred things, nor consecrated im • postures, had any empire over him. King, Pope, and Parliament were to him mere names, representing pieces in the game of politics. Yet the same man was the slave of the paltriest impulses, when his conceitlor egotism was piqued. If we read of him one day as guiding the sword of Gustavus, of stemming the Romish re-action, founding the short-lived absolute monarchy of France ; the next day he figures on a level with poor Dr. Goldsmith, when he wanted to exhibit his agility in jumping over a stick against a showmen's puppet. This is no idle compari son. Brienne has recorded how Mary of Medicis, making sport of her clerical lover, then Bishop of Lucon, per suaded him, by adroit reflections on his skill, to execute :1 new saraband in her royal boudoir, with castanets in his: bands, and in the costume of an Andalusian majo— amidst the suppressed convulsion of laug, ter of certain spectators posted behind the arras—laughter which Richelieu, when he discovered the trick, never orgot cr forgave to his dying day. On the one hand, Father Jo seph, the masked politician, the secret councillor of all the deepest plans of Richelieu's ambition ; on the other, Bois Robert, the unfrocked athiest and buffoon—these are the contrasted figures with which that of Richelieu seems inseparably connected. On the whole, great as he was, there is something fundamentally odious in his character, which makes him one of the most uninterest ing great men of history. Like Voltaire, whom he so strikingly resembled in many points of character, he was spiteful. hard-hearted, and cruel. He hated the Queen, who had rejected his impudent suit. He hated all whom she favoured. His political victims were not many, but they were hunted out with peculiarly cold and careful cruelty. He could be generous towards those who had committed offences against him; there is a striking story told by Tenement des Riaux, who may be believed when he speaks well of any one, of his conduct to a thievish secretary; but he could not forgive an insult, a jeer, or the slightest mortification to his vanity, or oppositisn to hi. projects. His death was felt by France like the re lief from a nightmare—from the king to the lowest rhymester of the rude', 01 joined in the burden of the couplets which proclaimed it-- II est parti, it a plio bagage, Ce Cardinal 1' But it is remarkable that a man so hateful, so destitute of all faith and all loftiness of purpose, should have left such durable impressions on the world. Scarcely does Paris itself, which is full of his relics— the Palais Royal, the library, the street which bears his name—speak more plainly of Richelieu than that fabric of modern European policy, of which he has, scarely with exaggeration, been termed the founder." That (brio was erected in the ruins of aristocratic feudalism ; and, in return, upon the ruins of that fabric was erected the yet more modern system of European policy. A. clever argument in favour of the transference of the moneys collected by the local taxation of the kingdom (amounting annually to some where about 11,000,000/. sterling) into the hands of Government, is contained in the next contribution. The writer conceives that by this transference of the administrative power from a number of scattered and conflicting municipalities to the one united power by which the whole destinies of the empire are protected, a very considerable economy would be the consequence. In this there is something beyond mere plausibility, but the matter is one involving so many interests, and is one, more over, in which the body of the citizens of this empire are so deeply interested, that it requires the most elaborate scrutiny before a single step be taken one way or the other. There is much reason in the ad vocacy both of the Government distribution of those 11,000,0001.. and of the local distribution of them. As Lord Lincoln observed in his recent ad dress to the constituency of Manchester, there is ample scope for both Government exertion and individual exertion, though the Noble Lord qualified the observation by exclaiming, " Do not sup pose that I should wish to see everything conducted, as in other countries, by the effort of the Govern ment." The calculation of the amount of rates, tolls, dues, and fees collected annually in England is of so much importance to the consideration of the question at issue, that we transfer it to our columns : " Relief of poor (1845) ... ... £5,039,703 Miscellaneous purposes defrayed out of poor's rate ... ... ... County and borough rate (1845) ... Highway rate ... ... ... Church rate ... ... ... ... ... 537,737 ... 1,279,962 ... 1,312,812 ... 506,812 ... 82,097 ... unknown ... unknown Sewers' rate (metropolis) ... Rest of country Lighting and watching rate Total of rates in England, £8,759,123 ... £1,348,084 ... 378,011 ... 257,776 . 554.645 68,725 unknown Turnpike tolls Borough tolls ... Light dues ... ... Port dues ... Justiciary fees Other miscellaneous fees Total of tolls, &0., in England, X 2.607,941 Adding these two classes of local taxes together, we obtain the following result : Rates . Tolls, dues, and fees ... £8,759,123 ... 2,607,241 Total local taxes in England, £11,366,364 Upon " Bancroft's History of the United States," and "Bunsen on the Basilicas of Rome," there are two admirable articles to which we could willingly de vote more than a cursory allusion. "Thornton on Over population" is a sensible review upon a matter of the highest interest, both in regard to nationality and hu manity. The essay devoted to the consideration of the "Genius and Writings of Pascal," is a splendid panegyric upon a man with a sublime nobility of heart and a supreme loftiness of intellect. Blaise Pascal is one of those " bright particular stars " which appear not once in a generation, but one in a century of gene rations. The article is eloquent and learned. With a disquisition upon that very comprehensive system called " Centralization,"—a subject suggested by the rece nt works of M. de Carmenin (Timon), M. Vivien, Charles Dunoyer, and Samuel Laing—the Edin and completed excellently. ltrgh Review for the first quarter of 1847 is com pleted, FAMINE IN IRELAND — DEPARTURE OF A STEAMER LADEN WITH FOOD.—On Saturday morning, at au early hour, the powerful Government steamer Dragon, en gaged by the " British Association for the Relief of the Digressed Poor in Ireland," sailed from Deptford for the Irish coast, having on board a cargo of several hun dred tons weight of articles of food, clothing, flannelt blankets, &c., for distribution in the most distressed dis tricts. This is the first vessel dispatched by the asso ciation, but others will follow in succession as speedily as practicable. GAME PRESERVING.—On some occasions of late there have been more than 50 night watchers employed to protect the game on the preserves of the Duke of Buching ham at and around Wotton. Ibrahim Pacha was so highly gratified at the re ception given to him by the late Lord Mayor, Alderman Johnson, that he transmitted a cheque for 5001. to his Lordship, with the request that the distribution of that sum might be made amongst the poor citizens when any emergency should take place. The time has arrived when effect can be given to the kindly disposition of the Pacha, greatly to the relief of the numerous ind'unt families in the city of London; which, with all its means of administering relief, participates severely in the gene ral distress ; and we trust and believe that Alderman Johnson will exercise his usual judgment iu superin• tending the distribution. At the meeting of the Royal Humane Society, on Tuesday, a silver medal was unanimously voted to Com mander J. W. Finch (then Lieutenant of the Victory), for saving the life of a seaman by jumping overboard through a port-hole after him, from the Naiad, in July last, during very rough weather. This is the second occasion of Com mander Finch receiving a testimonial from the same society —the former was for saving lives during a storm. from a wreck. THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY COMPANY.—There is no truth in therumour which has prevailed in the City during the last few days, to the effect that Mr. Hudson,had ceased to be the Chair man of the Eastern Counties M.P.,ailway Company. THE HYDROPATHIC SYSTEM.—Friday, at twelve o'clock, an inquiry, which was cr uc m h enc o e f d I , n an Wednesday before Mr. Higgs, coroner for the resumed at the Crown and Three Horse? ;hoes, Enfieli t i e ( l. :l w as as e, on view of the body of Martha Hobbs, aged 20, whose death was alleged to have been the effect of the hydropathic treat ment. Dr. Lovell, who had attended deceased as herme dical adviser, and who is a practitioner of the hydropathic system, was present, with a solicitor to watch the proceed ings, and the inquest-room was crowded. Eliza Ronsell, ser vant to Mr. Swanwick, boarding-house-keeper. Chase Side, Enfield, said that the.deceased was in the same service up to Monday week. She had not been in good health since September. She was able to go about her work till last Thursday fortnight; when she complained that she had a cold. On Monday she was in a state of delirium. On the following day she was worse. The next day she was re moved to her aunt's, Mrs. Betts, Chase Side. Erysipelas made its appearance in her face and the side of her head. Deceased had an aversion to medicine, and stated that she would not have medical treatment any more. This witness, and some others who were examined, then described the succession of baths which the deceased had been treated with, and stated that she had shown symptoms of erysipelas in her head. Mr. T. Ashberry, surgeon, Enfield, and medi cal officer of the union, stated that by direction of the coroner be made a post mortem examination of the body of the deceased, which be did in conjunction with Mr. Taylor and Mr. Tate. The immediate cause of death was the recent inflammation of the pericardium, the erachnoid membrane, and the pia mater, together with congestion of the brain, brought on by the transfer of a chronic constitutional disease of the skin to the internal membranes and organs, ending in acute disease and death. The transfer was facilitated by the continual application of cold. By a jiiror—l saw no appear ance of the existence of erysipelas. Dr. Lovell defended his 'mode of treatment, observing that it existed from the time of the creation, and had been carried into practice by many eminent men. The Coroner said it depended on the consti tution of the patient as to the propriety of the treatment. The jury, after above two hours' consultation, returned a verdict of " Manslaughter against Dr. Luvell, as principal, and Aune Betts, as accessory." The inquiry lasted seven hours. COTTON IN THE ARMY. DEATH OF GENERAL SIR WILLIAM ANSON, BART., K.C.B.—General Sir William Anson, Bart , K.C.8., a Peninsular officer, and Colonel of the 47th (the Lan cashire) Regiment of Foot, died near Weedon, on Wed nesday last, in the 75th year of his age. Sir William was 58 years: in the service, having entered the army as ensign, June 13, 1789. lie skipped over the rank of lieutenaat, Dad obtained that of captain, April 25, 1793. Ho never held the rank of Major, and was made a lieutenant-colonel, Sept. 28, 1797 ; colonel, Oct. 30 ; major-general. June 4, 1811 ; lieutenant-general, Aug. 12. 1819 ; and general, Jan. 10, 1837. Sir William Anson went to Holland with a brigade of Guards in 1793, and was present at the battle of Famars, and the commencement of the siege of Valenciennes ; served also during the whole of the severe winter campaign of 1794 and 1795, and retreat of the army ; and in all the previous operations on the French frontier. Served also in Sicily in 1806 and 1807 ; the campaign in Spain, in 1808.9, in command of Ist battalion Grenadier Guards, including the battle of Corunna ; subsequently on the expedition to the Scheldt. Placed on the staff in the Peninsula, in 1811, and appointed to the command of a brigade in the 4th division ; pet sant at the battles of Salamanca, Vittoria. Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthe.a and Toulouse. For the above mentioned battles Sir William received a crass and three clasps. He held the coloneley of the 47th from March 25, 1835. Sir William was grand-nephew of the celebrated Admiral Lord Anson, son of the late Viscount Anson, and uncle of the present Earl of Lichfield, and brother to General Sir George Anson, G.C,8., Colonel 4th Dragoon Guards, and Lieutenant-Governor of Chelsea Hospital ; only two senior on the list of generals. Sir William Anson was created a baronet in 1831, two months after the death of his wife. Three sons and three daughters survive him, the eldest, now Sir John William Hamilton, of the Royal Horse Guards, born in 1816. DEATH OF MAJOR GRENTILLE.—This distinguished officer, whose name has of late years been familiar in military circles, owing to his connexion as partner with the eminent firm of bir John Kirkland and Co., expired on Wednesday last at his residence in Pimlico, from the effects of a bodily complaint. He entered the army in 1809 as ensign in the 69th Foot ; was promoted to a lieutenancy in 1811 ; to a captaincy in 1819 ; and to a majority by brevet in 1837. During the latter years of his active service he was connected with the 2d Foot, from which, in 1840, he retired with the full pay of a captain. For sev: ral years the deceased served on the staff as aide-de-camp to the Commander-iu-Chief in the Bombay Presidency. Field-Marshal Sir George Nugent has caused new clothing appointments to be made to the non commis sioned officers of his regiment, the 6th Foot, in conse quenee of his receet promotion from the rank of general. The gallant officer is in the 90th year of his age. Lieut.- General Alderson and Major-General Fan shawe are appointed assistants to Sir John F. Burgoyne, Inspector-General of Fortificatitais. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 15.—Captain Sir William Sy monds, R.N., surveyor of the navy, visited this dock yard to-day, to see how the late steam frigate Retribu tion got on in her equipment as a meal and biscuit depot. The Crocodile receiving ship, Lieutenant Commander Prothero, left the basin this morning, and was warped into Blockhouse hole to complete fitting. The Kestrel briganiine, and Sparrow, cutter, were aftewards hauled into the basin, to be prepared for service. The Emerald and Mercury tenders, and the Lively navy lighter, have each shipped a cargo of provisions to-day, and sailed for Cork. The tenders will bring back supernumeraries. The lively is to be employed in carrying coals from Cork to the Shannon after she has discharged her provisions. The Scourge steam-sloop, Commander Caffin, hauled off from the jetty this mornine, and will be ready for service to morrow evening, when it is expected she will proceed to Ireland with biscuit and meal. The Adventure naval transport, which has on board a small quantity of stores for Ireland. will, as soon as she has discharged her freight here, fill up with provisions for Ireland. The Sinbad navy lighter arrived this afternoon from the river, and proceeded at once to the Clarence-yard to load with provisions for Ireland. In Harbour.—St. Vincent, Victory, Excellent, Hya cinth, Athol. Crocodile, Adventure, Sidon, Scourge, Geyser and Echo. In the basin.—The Edinburgh, Kestrel, Myrtle, and Sparrow. In dock —Leander, Ajax, Prince Regent. Dauntless, Serpent. Champion. and. Victoria and Albert. PLvmouTa, JAN. 14.—Her Majesty's frigate Thetis, 36, Captain Henry J. Co irington, came in yesterday morning from Portsmouth. bound to Corunna. Iler ilajesty'b sloop Albatross, 16, Commander Ar. ,hur Arguhan, entered the Sound trom PorcimJuth on he 13th, bound to the coast of Africa. Her Majesty's flag-ship Queen, 110, Captain Sir Henry J. Leeke, left yesterday afternoon to join the squadron at Lisbon. Neither her time of departure nor ' place of destination was known until just before she sailed. H r Majesty's steam-sloop Sphinx, Commander John B. Cragg, last from Goree, came in this morning, after six weeks' absence. She left the Cape de Verd Islands on the 2d ins,ant, at which time they were in a healthy state. The Sphynx has hal no communication with the islands, further than that of lan iing a naval surgeon there It was intended for her to bring home the family of the late Mr. Pett , naall, British Arbitrator at Bona vista ; but they had previ- , usly let( for Gibraltar, whence they were brought here by tier Majesty's steam-sloop Bulldog. CHATHAM, JAN. 15.—The Samarang, 26 guns, Capt. Sir Edward Belcher (now on leave of absence), will be paid off on Monday next. It has, on her being sur veye.', been found necessary to dismantle her of her rigging and masts to replace some damaged mast gear, when she will be refitted as a guard-ship at Gibraltar. The Daphne, 18 guns, Captain J. J. Onilow, was towed into this harbour by the African steam-vessel on the 11th inst. She is nearly dismantled of her masts and rigging, and discharging her stores. She will be paid off on Thursday next, the 21st. The Spicier, 6 gun schooner, Lieutenant-Commander Richard E. Pyrn, from the south-east coast of America, is ordered to this port to be paid off. The Birkenhead steam-frigate, Commander A. H. Ingram, will arrive here in a few days to complete her coaling, after she has been to Greenhithe to adjust her compasses. The Warspite, 50 guns, is completed for the ordinary, and wiil be put out of dock next week. The Falmouth sailed on the 13th inst., with stores for Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Pembroke yards. The Goodwill has strived with stores from Portsmouth. Mr. Richard Carter, leading man of shipwrights, has been appoiutcAl Acting Inspector, vice Mr. D. Harding, jun., appointed to oversee the building of iron steam , vessels on the Thames. FRENCH PLA It S-ST. JAMES La Dame de St. Tropez, which on its first production at this theatre, during the last engagement of M. F. Le maitre, excited such thrilling interest, was performed for the first time this season ou Friday evening. F. Lemaitre being, of course, the George Maurice. His George Maurice is a superb piece of acting, and it really last evening seemed to be even more powerful and effective than it appeared two seasons ago. The drama is most artibtically constructed, and the last scene is the cli max. In that last scene how painfully true to nature is the acting of Frederic Lemaitte. His dying scene is the most affecing thing on the stage. Ile was admirably supported by Mademoiselle Clarisse as Hortense, by Du mery as Antoine Caussade, the villain of the piece, and by Cartigny as the Notary. The house was crowded. TilE CONDE DE MONTEMOLIN.—The Conde de Montemolin and suite visited, on Thursday, the library of the British ➢luseum, and felt so highly interested with the different valuable ancient works put into his hands that he spent the major part of the day there. One of the things that struck the illustrious Prince most was the vast and pre cious collection of Spaaish manuscripts he saw, among which was the original codicil to the will of Charles V., and often expessed his astonishment how persons could be found ca pable of selling such national treasure. EXTRAORDINARY RENCONTRE.—The quid nuncs of an ancient town in Derbyshire that has figured rather con spicuously in our columns of late, were on the 13th instant thrown into a high state of excitement by a rencontre in the public market-place of a somewhat extraordinary character. It appears that for some time past squibs, composed of very combustible materials, have been flying about the town, to the annoyance of some parties, and the amusement of others; and an explosion of a rather ludicrous nature has at length taken place, which our faithful chronicler thus g ra p hicall y narrates : —Between the hours of twelve and one o'clock on the day above-named, two highly respectable parties,—one a gallant lieutenant in her Majesty's navy, the other a son of an indefatigable and very useful Member of the House of Commons—happened to meet in the market-place, and mu tually suspecting each other of being the author of certain printed cards, letters, hand-bills, &c., words ensued, and they challenged each other with the fact. From words they speedily came to blows, which resulted in a gallant contest for the victory. Round one—the combatants closed in, "pitched" right and left with determined fierceness, each bent on doing great execution, and bringing the battle to a climax; chances about even, but the" young 'un " rather the best of it. Round second : fiercely contested, science at a discount, with both, passion getting the better of judgment; the " young 'un " pitched into his opponent's " bread. basket," who, in return, struck at the visage of his antagonist, neither doing any execution. Several rounds followed in succession, and a crowd having collected round the combatants, a friend of one of the parties interfered. The Gallant Lieutenant was dragged from the scene into a shop by a chivalrous lady, and the young esquire was forcibly held by the bystanders, and prevented pursuing his antagonist, and taking the full amount of his injuries—real or imagined —out in " kind." The former, says our chronicler, showed marks about the eyes, and blood was seen at intervals to trickle from the mouth of the esquire. Of course the conflict caused a great sensation in the' ancient and loyal" town, and it will serve the quid nuncs to talk about for many a day to come. We insert these particulars in the hope that their publication will tame these fiery spirits, and bring them back to a pro per state of mind. Those who play at bowls must expect rubbers ; and if either, or both parties, are guilty of the con duct which they impute to each other, we would advise them to fight the battle out with ink, and most religiously eschew a contest with clenched fists.—Froua the Second Edition of the D er by Reporter. RACES TO COME. The following list of the fixtures already Trade for the next season, will be useful to those stewards who have not determined on the time of holding their meetings:— MARCH. Coventry Warwick Spring Kilpin Coates Newmarket C. 5 Burton Constable 7 Bath Catterick Epsom . Epsom .. , Newmarket, , F. S. Durham 22 Chester [AT. - - Newmarket, S. S. 4 Shrewsbury Epsom Newton 26 Ascot Heath 1 Hampton Sutton Park Bibury Club Stockbridge Newcastle Carlisle Newmarket La,neaster Liverpool AUG Nottingham Goodwood 27 Ripon 2 Brighton ... 4 Horwich Wolverhampton *Chelmsford Lewes ll ~.. 18 ... 24 ~.. 24 ... 25 *Huntingdon 26 I *Canterbury ,MBER. *Lincoln Newmarket, F. O. , BER. Newmarket, H 25 IBER. Tarporley not fixed vhich we have placed an as y announced, but in all pro- R time mentioned.] SEPTE Warwick Duncaaer OCTI Newmarket, S. 0 ll Worcester .. not fixed [The meetings against vi terisk have not been official]) bability will take place at th TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—The recent conduct of the directors of the Greenwich Railway Company has given rise to many and serious complaints on the part of the public. On the 21st of October they published a handbill, which was posted in every carriage, and freely exhibited on all their stations, stating that on the 31st December the annual tickets should be renewed on the usual terms. When the 31st of December came, and the ferment ceased that was excited by the rumour that no more annual tickets would be issued, instead of the usual terms of 71. 7s. for second class tickets, and 101. 10s. for first class an addi tional 10s. was demanded and retained till the ticket should be given up. Why this sum was demanded, and who - gets the interest of the money thus obtained, no one condescended to give any information. The usual terms, as tar as money is concerned and the public interested, ars now 10s. dearer than they were. But besides this deception, from what the handbills stated as to terms, another stringent alteration was made of a most objec tioliable character. Every person taking a ticket for the year was required to sign a document, prepared under the impression that every holder of a ticket was a thief and a rogue, agreeing to forfeit the ticket if any other person used it, with or without your consent, saying you would buy another if you lost it, binding you to agree to any alterations they might make, and a number of other arbitrary and unjust requirements. On asking the in spoor for a copy of what you were required to sign, he dared not give one, nor allow any one to copy it himself. Great indignation has been felt and expressed, and a general notion seems now entertained that a public meet ing must be called at Greenwich or London, and a peti tion to Parliament prepared to the purport that, as these dir. ctors (thc South-Eastern) raised their fares the mo ment Parliament closed its sittings, after availing them selves of the plans b'e effeet on the public of their former fares so long as the North Kent line was before the Legislature; and ason the Greenwich line, the third class carriages were no better than the pens of Smithfield set upon wheels, being perfectly open, and without seats; and as the second class for the most part are unglaz.,d and unhealthy for delicate persons in bad weather, and as they have broken their faith with their holders of an nual tickets, that no further powers be granted to these same directors, that no new branch lines he given to men who have so grievously violated probity, and shown themselves incapable of meeting public feeling, or doing justice to English forbearance—and that additional powers he vested in thenew Railway Commissioners to en able them to compel directors that show them-elves unjust to the public, to carry passengers at proper fares and in proper carriages. Parliament has permitted them to take this man's house and that man's garden—to pass over this highway and that canal—to drive off the road, by the advantages they possess in steam-travelling', every other conveyance—and in return fot these advan tages granted by the public through Parliament, their agents, the railway directors of Greenwich, have given no corresponding returns. Their carriages are the worst in England, their conduct is as bad as their car riages, and the public and Parliament are bamboozled and deceived. A nurnher of gentlemen have met and agreed to take proceedings to petition Parliament to the above effect, and perhaps you will, in your well-known care for public interests, allow this to appear, that others may be apprised of the intentions of same who think the public have been deceived and itnp.ised upon. Tour obedient servant, Greenwich, Jean. 16, 1847. VIGILANS P.S. I had almost omitted another matter of import ance to the public. The distance from Greenwich to Deptford is less than three quarters of a mite, and the fares are, lst class, Bd. ; 2d class, 6d. ; and 3d class, 4d. The same fares are taken from Lonon- bridge to the Spa road station, which is less than a mile. Are these exorbitant charges legal? TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—The great danger from the increase of traffic from the end of Red Lion-street, crossing rhe.bald's road to Lamb's Conduit -street, calls loud for an Obelisk, or something to that effect. Trusting this hint will suffice and meet attention. I am, &c., AN INHABITANT, L. N. January 16th, 1847, A GOOSE PLUCKED BY A GOOSE.—The North British Advertiser tells a story of a family which lived on its wits upwards of a quarter of a century, (a feat which many families perform from generation to gene ration). At one time the gifted family had an empty corn bin, and the household geese and turkeys quacked and gobbled in vain for a feed. In this critical conjunc ture the head of the house espied the carter of a neigh bouring farmer driving along the road with a poke of corn in his cart, and accosting him, inquired if he knew an honest grieve in want of a good situation. 'rhe carter pricked up his ears, and asked "if he would not do himself." This led to a proposal that he should ex hibit his skill ; and, as he boasted more particularly of his capabilities in sowing, it was arranged that he should sow his horse's provender broadcast in the batik yard. The poor gull accordingly got to work, end was (as our agricultural friends would say) " highly commended by the judges?' He was then told he would be written for when wanted ; and when the poor goose was gone, the remaining geese, and also the turkeys, were summoned to the yard, and enjoyed an ample, meal. RAILWAY ROBBERIES.—The. convi , 3t Maynard, who was convicted as receiver of goods stolen by Garrett and others of the gang of plunderers on railways, has been at length removed from Millbank to Portsmouth, and sent to Australia. lie is assigned the duties of schoolmaster, an office he filled when " exiled" on a former occasion, He had been detained in London during the last fifteen months by order of the Secretary of State, at the instance of Mr. N a sh, whose exertions on behalf of all the railways, under g enerally acknowledged. Before leaving ves tigat ions, a great discouragreern e nts and loss in the prosecutions and in de redations; but whether such Linonedoonnnexai)o•nnaVithmatdheessome thecurious disclosures to Mr. Nash of justice may be s t a t em ents are now of avail for purposes questionable. referringbuliioittowitnheeh took that a great proportion of . the lB l 46 had consisted of gold coin place to this country during that this had not only entirely from Russia, we mentioned About two months back, t mi of the commencement *n i fl n u x of ceased, but that there were sy to St. Petersburgh, where. the and other continental cities the rate of money is now eight per cent., has been heavy and beginning to tell upon continuous; and this is clearly_._, lead to a of an opposite action. Since that lP ° time the drain from Ham return of the coin so recently imported. of Russian eagles were taken from , On Monday 80,000/. the Bank by Messrs. London, in addition to the direct causes which may the like amount in the course of a day or lated that, at present rates, the net profit _ two. Pi. is calcu lated the transmission would be about 4 to 41 / 2 Rothschild, to be followed by a further withdrawal of nearly of gold from Russia to this country per cent.—Times. ,lIST. CULTIVATION 107`, CLIMATE.—The temperature differs considerably in the elevated valleys. which are surrounded by the high peaks of the Andes, and in the low countries on both sides of the range. In the valley of Quito the seasons are scarcely perceptible. The mean temperature of the day all the year round is between sixty and sixty-seven de grees, and that of the night between forty-eight and fifty-two degrees of Fahrenheit. The winds blow con tinually, but never with great violence. They generally come from the north or south, but occasionally shift to other quarters, without apparently depending in any degree on the seasons. During the whole morning till one or two o'clock, the weather is generally delightful, and the sky serene and clear, but after this hour vapours begin to rise, and the whole sky is gradually covered with black clouds, which bring on dreadful tempests of thunder and lightning, followed by torrents of rain. At sunset the weather generally clears up, and the nights are as serene as the mornings. The rains sometimes continue all night, and occasionally three or four days in succession. At other times a few fine days without rain follow one another. The interval between Septem ber and May is called the winter, and the remainder of the year is summer. The winter is only distinguished by a greater quantity of rain, and the summer by a greater number of fine days. The valleys are also sub pet to frequent earthquakes, of which those of 1698 and 1797 were particularly destructive. In the last earth quake 40,000 inhabitants are stated to have perished in the valleys, and it is said that the climate of Quito has become much colder than it was formerly. PRODUCTlONS.—Agriculture varies with the elevation of the cultivated line above the level of the sea. Near the snow line, which in this point of the Andes occurs at the height of 15,750 feet, the vegetation of the Pal tt mos (that tract on the summit of the range, from 11,000 to 14,000 feet above the sea) is extremely scanty, con sisting only of two or three species of plants. Districts situated at an elevation of 10,000 feet are covered with grass, which afford good sheep walks. Such are the plains in the mountain knot of Pastos. The culture of European corealia and fruits prevails between 10,000 and 4,000 feet, especially in the great valley of the Andes. In those parts of the country which do not exceed in elevation 4,000 feet above the sea, the vegetables culti vated for food are chiefly sweet potatoes, mandiocca, yams, and bananas, with rice, Indian corn, and soma leguminous plants. The most common fruit trees are pine apples, papayas, and aronas. Amongst the forest trees is that which gives the Anchona bark. Sheep and cattle are reared in great numbers, especially in the valley of the Andes, and on the higher declivities of the mountains. Horses, asses, and mules, are sufficiently numerous to be articles of export. In some districts, especially in the valleys along the coast, a considerable quantity of wax is collected, and still higher up are some spots where the cochineal insect is reared. Ecua dor is less rich in the precious metals than the other countries of South America, which comprehend a portion of the Andes. There are several mines of gold and silver, and a few are still worked; but the annual pro duce is not considerable. Lead and quicksilver occur in some places, and in others sulphur is prepared in conside rable quantities. Salt is obtained from sea water along the coast. POPULATION.—The population of the Ecuador is com posed of the descendants of Spaniards and the Aborigines. The proportion of both races is not stated, but it would appear that the aborigines constitute at least three fourths of the population. Those Indians who inhabit the elevated valleys belong to the race of Peruvians, and speak the Quichna language; they are mostly agricul turists, and cultivate their lans with much care. They apply themselves also to manufactures, and make coarse stuffs of wool and cotton. The Indians who inhabit the eastern plain are much lower in civilisation; they culti vate only small pieces of ground, and apply themselves almost exclusively to fishing nod hunting. The Jesuits had made considerable progress in bringing them to Christianity and civilisation. The political events which have taken place since 1812 have driven the monks out of the country, all the missions 'are in ruins , and the Indians have returned to the forests, and lost all marks of civilisation. The whole population wasn thought to amount in 1827 to 492,000, with the fsl:adice'd of the Indian bravos of the plain. into three departments, that of hEscuEaeduoard in Guayaquil and of Assuay. eleva ted oorr v Q. a . l u l t 3 o, s , there h the ere several parts of Ecuador or In tt ino' aren i many n y t h e districts ruinso ancient palaces of the Incasan w hich , in the time of the are traces of the 'great roa dhe southern extremity of the Incas, led from Quito tot valley of Titicana. In t he department of Assuay there is a university. T he manufactures in cotton and wool are considerable in Quito. The fabric is coarse, but strong and durable, and was formerly in great request in New Grenada and in several seaports. All the ma ritime commerce of Ecuador is concentrated in Guaya quil, from which town there is a road to Quito ; the great road which connects New Grenada and Peru runs through the valley of Ecuador. Ecuador was discovered by Francis Pizarro, in 1526, and came into the hands of the Spaniards at the downfal of the empire of the Incas. The Spaniards remained in possession of the country up to the year 1812, when. the country declered against them. By the c+ nvention of Cucuta in 1821, New Gre nada and Venezuela united and formed one republic under the name of Colombia. In November, 1831 (Bolivar having resigned the presidency of the republic of Colombia the previou- year), a new separation took place, when it wa s d ec id e d should that constitute the province of Qu ito Ecuador. a separate republic, under the name of I t 1 A. The Hail Advertiser says, th e Ch ate b er of Commerce of this port have a gree d to present a memorial to the East India Company, setting corth the advantages of an uniform culture of cotton in the East Ladies. and pea) Mg that they wiil relieve this important article of commerce and manufacture from the tremendous local imposts by which it is fettered. The following is a copy of the memorial w hick was dispatched last, night, and a copy of which was also forwaidcd to the Board of Control:— " To the Honourable the Chairman. Deputy-Chairman, and Court of Directors of the East India Company, London. "The following memorial of the President, Vice-Presi dent, and Directors of the I lull Chamber of Commerce, "Humbly sheweth,—That the importation of cotton wool, io much larger quantities than have hitherto been brought from India, is becoming daily of increased im pertance to Great Britain at large, and to the town of Hull in particular. " That the importation from all parts of India to the United Kirgilorn has been gradua:ly decreasing fl.r the la t five eea7s, !he quantity enterer) in 1841 havin g b e . is 273 000 s (averaging in wegi,t cz&c!,), while in 1845 it r n!)- an:canto] to 155,000 bales ; 411w.sing a ~ ff of 118,000 bales. " That the itnp“rtation from America for the same time has increte•ed from 890,000 bales, in 1841, to 1,490,000, in 1845, showing an increase of 600,000 bales. " That in the opit;ion of your mt , :i;orialists, the great redretion in the import of co!ton froa. India arise s prin cipally, if not entirely, from the h,avy land- tax and transit-dues to which it is subj,ct before it reaches tha sea coast ; the,e charges aniounting to 75 per cent. eta the average value of cotton Bombay, viz. 2d. pee lb. " That your memorialists find the cotton brought from Bombay of very infi rior quality, usually much stained from exposure, and mixed with seed and other waste, which incurs serious lam. in weight, and expense in cleaning. " That your memorialists would therefore pray your Honourable Court to take these matters into your early and serious consideration, and adopt such measures as may induce European capitalists to invest money in, and wake cotton growing in India, their business, your me morialists being of opinion that such measures would, by superior culture, improve the quality of the staple, lead to careful picking and clean packing, and ultimately bring the cotton trade of India to a state of perfection and extent that would, ere long, rival, if not exceed, that of America. i‘ Your memorialists woul4 'further remark, that the production of cotton i the world is at this moment, in sufficient g i to .'eep in full vv-ik the mills now actually eaistir,n Great Britain. Further, that Hull, in which Your memorialists are more particularly interested, has become a manufacturing place, and extensive mills are now being erected, which will double the present con sumption. " Your memorialists being of opinion that the true interests of the co: ton-grow ing districts of India are the only means likely to induce extensive and profitable cultivation of that staple in those countries, by Euro peans. as well as natives, depend upon your honourable court reducing, so far as may be deemed advisable, the land-tax and other heavy charges to which the article is now subject, respectfully submit the nece:.sity for so doing. . _ " And your memorialists, as in duty bound, will ever pray, &c. " Signed on behalf of himself, the vice-president, and directors of the Hull Chamber of Commerce, by " THOS. THOMSON, President. " Hull, January, 1847." TRADE WITH THE CAPTURED MEXICAN PORTS. Circular to Collectors and other officers of the Customs. Treasury Department, Dec. 16,1846. I have to call your especial attention t o th e annexe d circular instructions, heretofore issued, regulating the trade with Matamoros, Tampico, and any other port or place upon the Mexican side of the Rio Grande which may during the war pass into the actual possession of the forces of the United States, they being still in full force, and to which it is found expedient to add the fol lowing explanations and regulations with the view of affording every facility consistent with law to persona participating in said trade. It is to he observed that the trade is confined exclu sively to American vessels coming from foreign ports, or departing from our ports, with cargoes composed either of foreign goods on which the duties shall have been paid, or of articles of the growth, production, or manufacture of the United States. American vessels and their cargoes, departing from any friendly foreign port, and destined for either Mexi can ports before referred to, must first enter at some port, of entry in the United States, and pay duty on their cargoes, and may thence take a clearance and pro ceed to either of the ports before stated, and land their cargoes thereat without payment of further duty or charges. Before granting a clearance in these cases, a manifest must be prepared in duplicate and sworn to by the master of the vessel, containing an exact description k of the kind, quantity, quality, and value of the respec tive articles composing the cargo, and be submitted to the collector of the port. The collector will certify on one of the duplicate manifests the fact of the duties having been duly paid on all the dutiable foreign im ports described therein, and will deliver the same to the master of the vessel, retaining the other manifest amongst the archives of his office. All acts rendered necessary in pursuance of law, to determine the quantity, character, and value of imports, with a view to the assessment of the correct duty, must be complied with at the port of original entry in the United States. The landing being effected, and the duties secured, the goods may be either re-laden on board the bUille vessel or placed on board of another American vessel for transportation to either of the before-men tioned places in the manner herein indicated. It is desired, and enjoined upon their respective officers of the customs, that every proper facility for the speedy dispatch of vessels and cargoes entering at their ports, and destined, as before stated, may be afforded. It is to be distinctly understood that no vessel w ill be allowed to proceed with a cargo, taken in at a foreign port, to either of the places before alluded to, without first entering and paying duty at some port of entry in the United States. Foreign goods warehoused in the United States cannot be withdrawn therefrom for exportation to the places mentioned, without payment of the import duty, nor can the duty paid on any foreign imports, be returned as drawback, on their exportation to either of the places referred to. It is deemed proper to add, that these instructions are not intended to interfere with any orders issued by the proper military authority, ti exclude at the places indi cated, such articles, including spirituous liquors or contraband of war, the introduction of which may be considered injurious to our military operations in Mexico. These instructions being issued with the sanction of the President of the United States, it is expected that they will be conformed to by all officers of the United States, in every branch of the Government. R. J. WALKER, Secretary of the Treasury. NEW IRISH MAGISTRATE.—CharIes Daniel O'Con nell, Esq., of Bahoss, Kerry, son-in-law of Daniel O'Connell, E. q.. M.Y., has received the appointment of stipendiary ma gistrate.—Limerick Chronicle. THE MYSTERIOUS DISAPPEARANCE OF A LADY AT TWICKENHAM.--01 1 Saturday morning the body of Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, who it will be remembered dis appeared in a most mysterious manner from the house of her husband, Pope's Villa, Twickenham, on the night of Sunday, the 27th ult., was picked up in the river Thames, off Lambeth, and taken to the dead house of that parish, where it awaits a coroner's inquest. It is in a most de composed state. It gives us much pleasure to state that a Queen's letter will shortly be issued for the relief of the distressed population of Ireland.—Observer. DREADFUL POWDER MILL EXPLOSION....—EXETER, SATURDAY NIGHT.—A tremendous explosion involving melancholy consequences, took place on Thursday morn ing last, at the Kennel Vale Powder-mills, the property of Messrs. Samson and Lanyon, at Kennal, in the parish of Stithian's. The explosion took place in the stamping mill, which was almost a new building, and was blown to atoms. Two men were working in the mill, named i Martin and Dunstan, and these unfortunate individuals ware shockingly mutilated by the force of the explosion. A number of persons on hearing the report congregated around the spot from the neighbouring village of Pons worth, end great wee the lamentation among them, it not being known what family bad been bereaved of its mem bers. The bodies of the two men were soon known. Part of Dunstan's body was blown into the river; his arms and one of his legs were rent from the body; his face frightfully disfigured, and the whole remains in such a mangled condition that they were obliged to be taken up in a sheet. Martin's body also presented a shocking appearance, the skull being blown entirely of£ Both men were married, but have left no children. THE MACxAREL FISHERY.—The catch of mackarelt off the town during the week has been very gre a t nc ; less than 40,000 having been brought in. _O O ~bi mio naot. alone—the Sarah, Nat. Gunn—took 11,091firci . 11 " They nesday night, being the first night's' .111 .. Wof Other were very fine fish, fetche d t 4 17: 60 an b d ur o r o e: a night ; boats have taken from . 2 0 r? reducing the prices from 365. and fish are hundred.very pl entiful , No news has been received from to 185. per h re there are still eight or ten Brighton Plymouth, w her e off the town. B • h boats,' w hilst 22 are employed rig ton Herald. Sir John Forbes, Bart., late of Fintray House, and Craigiewar Castle, Aberdeen, N. 8., had made his will in November, 1844; having well provided for Lady Forbes, his two sons, and five daughters : his wife with a jointure of 7501. a year, his daughters also with a provision under the same contract, as well as a legacy under the will, the eldest son succeeding to the estates of Fintray and Craigievar, and the youngest to: the Corse estate; and has left all other his property to hi& eldest son. Tire acting executor is John. Angus, Esq., advocate, Aberdeen. REPRESBNTATION OF THE TOWN OF GALWAY:' The LimerierChroniele says :—" The reports of theretirement of Sir Valentine Blake, M.P., for Galway, are very current in that town, and that Mr. Solicitor-General Monahan is to succeed him in the represehtation." The total of railway deposits for the coming ses sion, placed to the credit of the Accountant-General of the Court of Chancery in compliance with the standing orders, is about 4,200,000/. More than half of this sum consists of Stock and Exchequer-bills in nearly equal amounts. BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, JAN. 15. —There has been a very good business doing this , week in all kinds of sugar, and the offices are now closed, at prices from 2s. to 3s. above those ruling before Christmas.—Bristol Mercury. AN UNTIMELY BUTTERFLY.--011 Thursday even ing a butterfly was found in the engine-room of Mr. Ful lerton's workshop, Leith-street. It was a common yule* 1 one, and quite lively. It frisked about in our own office foe some time after being brought to us for inspection.— *AV Register. FUNERAL. The , remains of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Mac gregor, of the sth Royal Scotch Fusileers, were in terred with military honours, on Tuesday, the 13th of Janutury, at St. Andrew's church, Plymouth. The fu neral. party, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Johrteon, sth Fusileers, and consisting of 2 captains, 4 sub: uterus, 6 sergeants, and 300 rank and file, of the sth F usileers, paraded in the citadel a little before two e'clodk. The colours on the ramparts were hali'-msst high, and in order to consult the feelings of the widow of the deceased, the utmost silence preiailed within the garrison, the gates of which were closed. Previous to the removal of the body, and at the especial request of the family, a portion of the service fur the dead vvag, in their presence ' read by the Rev. J. W. L angraea d , the resident chaplain. Shortly after two o'clock, the procession slowly moved from the citadel. The funeral party, carrying their arms reversed, and marching four abreast, was followed by the band of the regiment, which, with muffled drums, commenced the solemn notes of " The Dead March in Saul," as soon as they had cleared the foot of the glacis. The ministers, the I:ev. J. W. .Langenead and the Rev. 11. Ilookey, with the undertakers and other civilians, in hatbands and mourn • ing habiliments, preceded the body, which was borne on a lung six-pounder gun carriage, drawn by four plumed horses, led by grooms. On the carriages were two am munition chests, and on the coffin were the Colonel's sword, cap, and belt. The pall- bearers were Colonel Barlow, of the 14'h Regiment, a colonel of the Royal Marines, a Colonel of Artillery, a Staff-Officer, and four others of the same rank as the deceased, whose saddled charger followed his master's body, bearing his boots and spurs. The chief-mourners were Dr. Henderson, sth Regiment, Dr. William Wallace, 14th, and Colonel Old field, Royal Engineers. Next came, with side arms only, about 250 rank and file, belonging to the 14th de pot; and about 600 of the sth, being the remainder of those off duty belonging to that regiment, followed by the sergeants, sergeants-major, and other non-commis sioned officers of both regiments. The mournful train was closed by an imposing cortege of officers of various ranks, military and naval, all on toot, In full uniform and in reversed order, beginning with cadets, ensigns, mid shipmeu, and other junior officers, and ending with the seniors, the last of whom was Major-General Suther land, formerly Colonel of the sth regiment, who was sup ported by two aides-de. camp. As the imposing proces sion, with measured step, debouched from this formidahle fortress, and extended its length along the Citadel-road, its warlike appearance was finely contrasted by the more quiet attire of the large concourse of civilians who hed assembled outside the lines, and partly covered the green slopes of the fortifications. All business was suspended es the funeral moved through the town by Saltram-place, Lockyer-street, george-street, and 134'prd-street, tp St. Andrew's church. Here the firing party, under Colonel Johpson, halted, and allowed their comrades to pass between them, and proceed by the eastern' entrance into the venerable fabric, where they were received by Messrs. Bone and Hingston, the chareliwardens, and the other church fonetionaries. After the first portion of the solemn service had been read, the body was removed on the shoulders of eight mea of the sth Regiment, by the northern entrance into the adjoining burying place, in the north-west portion of which the remains were to be finally deposited. The sons of the deceased, two little boys, were led by Colonel Oldfield from the church to the side of their father's grave. On the completion of the funeral service, Colonel Johnson's party fired over his grave three rounds of three hundred small arms, the report of which reverberated from the centre to the extremities of the town. The military then returned to the citadel. To secure good order Major-General Murray, Commander of the Forces for the Western District, had previously communicated with Mr. Bulteel, the Mayor of Plymouth, under whose di rections the police of the borough were in attendance. The imposing spectacle bad• attracted to the spot not only the inhabitants of the three towns of Plymouth, Devonport, and Stonehouse, but great numbers of well dressed persons from the surrounding country. Colonel Macgregor served in Calabria in 1806, and was present at the battle of Maida and taking of Catrone. In 1807 he served in Egypt, and was present at the attack on the forts and heights of Alexandria, siege of Rosetta, and actions at El Hemet, where he was taken prisoner, and kept in close confinement for five months in Cairo. Served also in the campaign of 1814-15 in Holland and the Netherlands, including both the actions at Merxen and the bombardment of Antwerp. THE REU ÜBLIC OF ECUADOR. The notoriety which has been given to this republic by the late breaking up of the Flores expedition, and the disclosures which have since been made at the Thames Police Court, may render the following account of the republic of Ecuador, to the Presidency of which General Flores now aspires to be restored, of some in terest to our readers:— Ecuador is one of the three republics which, before 1831, constituted the republic of Colombia, but since that time has become a separ ate government. It com prehends the ancient kingdom of Quito with the plains extending east of it, between the Amazon River on the south, and the Uaupes, the principal branch of the Rio Negro on the north. The Rio Negro separates Ecuador from the republic of Venezuela, and the Uaupes forms, in the whole length of its course, the boundary between it and New Grenada. The Pacific forms its western boundary. On the south, Ecuador is separated from Peru by a line beginning near Tambez, on the Bay of Guayaquil, and running in the south-west direction to the Rio Amazon. Ecuador extends from 5 deg. 50 min. S. lat. to 1 deg. 12 min. N. lat., and from 69 deg. 40 min. to 80 deg. 40 min. W. long. Its surface is vaguely cal culated at more than 537,000 square miles, or more than four times and a half the area of the British islands. , , 14 3 / 4 5N p 2 i 1~ 3~ P~. 3; 4 ••• I%a 12 4 3716 ;4',1 12 9 ...- , 1 ,ia