The Sun. — London, England, 1822-01-24 00:00:00

Nut 1 , ,i i N 3: 0 Vr. # ~ ''nfr.. • e gillel '7 * "., . 1 p , r".7 - i - ~• q -, * -,-------,- ---- -- ;-.:, ,5 , =1 / ..,/ . j „--9 i „ 7 . ~ . / ',, k/-y .' ( 1.7.::. ~...,,, ~, ... //.2 7 1 . : ./e,,,,,, 1 i i'ltli • • • = 4 ~. .4.1.7_1111JA1 : 1 PUBLICATIONS. RIVINGTON'S ANNUAL REGISTER , ' Commencing with his Present Majesty's Reign. Phis Day was published, In One large Volume, Octavo. price las. in boards. pr. n 'IIE ANNUAL REGISTER. ; or, a View y,.. of the History, Politics. and Literatu r e. for the li l r 1920. Including a Sketch of the Character of his late testy. p rinted f or F. C. and J. Rivinglon, 62, St. Paul's Church -1,", and 3, Waterloo place, Pall Mall. v t a The Arrangement of t llneos Part of this •r e ' l unte, differs in some Degree he from Misce that a of for u mer Volumes. b e Extracts frotn Hooks have been abridged, and a n e w f l l ';irtniel n it. introduced, entitled "Literary and Philosophical h ''eell 4ri y ; " consisting principally of Facts connected with e , History, of Science and I,etters for the Year. A List of .1 : :lis and Pamphlets, published in 1820, classed under the "In-nt Heads, is also added. ......_ This Day was publi3ba, fu.ln One Volume, 12mo. (price 73. 6d. sewed), RAMMAIRE de la LANGUE. ITA LIENNE, suirie COURS de THEMES. Par G. POLIDORI. tilo ()1d by R . H un t er , St. Paul's Chutch-yard ; and at the Ai ' 6 l No. 3y, Great Pulteney-street, Guldeu-square. Where may he had, D o t (?., RENZO, an Italian Novel (pricesewed) . ; a 'slcal Translation of Milton's Cowls, Lycidas, Allegro and 4 11 seroso, and of the Lament of Tasso, by Lord Byron, with " answer by Leonora. h i This Day were published, • One neat Pocket Volume, with Seven Portraits and Vig nette Title, (is. board., LETTERS of JUNIUS. With Preliminary Dissertations and Copious Notes, By Arricus SECUNDUS. b . in this New Edition of the Letters of .lunins, bean üb sshers - have had in view, not only to free these iful tteeimens of English Composition from every obscurity winch e Passing - nature of the events discussed in them may have °.,CFAsioned, but to render the work, as it now appears, ,an oleresting. illustration of an important portion of British " I story. It i ith tis view, the Leters hare een introuced the W1 ?will g Preliminary Dissetrtations: b —A general d by View of he t _abtical Historyf Britain, from the Acc4sion of 6e.orge . 3 s; the Publication of the. Letters of Junius—General Review , the Letters—On the Style of Junins—On the Temper in neh. the Letters are written—On the Political Principles oei irt the Letters—and on the .;ontioversy respecting r Author. elißeside these Dissertations, which seemed necessary for of a bling the reader to enter with advantage on the pernsal, t _ x . the • Letters, cOplou4 Notes have been .appended to the et ; so that., it is presumed, there ' is no allusion in the. co u r se( . 4 the work, either to persons or to historical trans -,,,,,' ! an e"Plairttion of which will not h e found in the P r .,% ) P v er pace.• hy G. awl IV , 13. Whittaker, Lendou ; - and 011- vtl and Boyd, Edinburgh. FOR TUE SUN. Mk: S:ALT HUS SCHOOL of POLITICAL ECONOM Y. (LE'rrrat. " The more closely we look"into the Essay on Population, " the greater reason shall we find to be convinced, that It ex.- hibits a theory of the-most airy and unsubstantial nature that " was ever obtruded on the pablic.'"—iGodwin, on Popula- tion , p. 474.) MR.. EDITOR-Although I have taken as the motto to this Essay, a passage from Mr. God- win's attswer to Mr. Malthus, I hasten to ap prize you, that it is not my purpose to found my opposition fo some of the doctrines of this last mentioned author upon the statements adduced by his opponent, in refutation of the alleged power of the human species to" double its num bers in a short period of time. I shall leave un tc.iiehed the argument as to the rate at which po pulation hai actually increased, in various places, and at sundry times, being very willing to con cede to Mr. Malthus, that a community may, by procreation alone, be doubled even in a shorter :period of time tha❑ twenty-five years. The doc trine as to the ratio at which the means of sub- sistence can be increased, is more debateable.— I confess that Mr. Malthus has by no means suc ceeded in convincing me, that until the whole surface of the earth shall have been brought into cultivation, the means of subsistence may not be rendered fully commensurate with the increase in the numbers of mankind ; because I conceive that such an idea stands directly opposed to the known power of man, in the rudest state of -so ciety, to procure a sufficiency of food for his sus tenance. But I shall not stop at present to as- certain at what stage of the increase of popula tion, and under what precise circumstances, the difficulty of procuring a sufficient quantity of wholesome nutriment would begin to press upon us. The great practical question is simply —Whether the tendency of population to in crease, is capable of being checked by a cause less painful than actual want, and its attendant evil ; or whether the power of increase is neces sarily paramount to all opposition, and must for ever thrust the circumferent parts of society against the grindstone of misery. The doctrine contained in the last member of the foregoing sentence, is generally understood to _be inculcated in the celebrated Essay on Population, a work which has probably had a more powerful influence upon the opinions of the higher orders of society, and even of the Legis lature, than any work that has been published during the present century. The doctrine in question has been so frequently charged upon Mr. Malthus by his adversaries in general, and by Mr. Godwin in partictilar, that even many persons who profess to philosophize - on the prin ciples of this new master in the school of politi cal science, reason as though it were a fixed and irreversible law of nature that children's heads should for ever be presented to the awful grind stone, which, eternally revolving on its horrid axle, defines the limits of population. Until I read and studied Mr. Malthus for my self, I was carried away with this same notion, and really felt a great aversion to his very name. I now, however, hold myself to he upon excel lent terms with this gentleman, whose philan thropy I rate very high ; and from whose Essay I could, if it were consistent with the object have in view, select a great number of passages which breathe a spirit of patriotism and benevo lence that could not be exceeded, even by Mr. Godwin. Sir, although Mr. Malthus certainly does a firm that population is capaNe of being doubled by procreation within a very short space of time, he by no means asserts that this power of in crease is not to he restrained otherwise than by the operation of vice and misery.. But he does appear to think, that the tendency towards an increase is so strong, as to render it imperative upon statesmen to press the grindstone of misery somewhat closer than our present institutions would allow, in order that by contracting the sphere of its action, the -number of human vic tims may be eventually diminished. Mr. Godwin says that Mr. Malthus would starve the present generation that he may kill the next. Ido not think this correctly represents Mr. Malthus's system. I apprehend Mr. Malthus as saying, in effect :—" I have shewn you the natural ten dency of population to increase beyond the means of subsistence. This awful law of nature' is a far more prolific source of human misery than all the tyrannies and oppressions, or even than the wars which mar the comfort and peace of so ciety; and yet you are endeavouring, by your charities, and plane for improving the condition of the labouring classes, and above all, by a te nacious fondness for the antiquated system of your poor laws, to push the grindstone beyond its proper distance ; depend upon it, that grind it will till doom's-day, and that by thus artificially removing it from the certre you, in effect, force it to act upon a wider circle_; if you are wise, therefore, you will let it come :fp flush to its na tural place, and thus contract the sphere of its operation ; • in order that having it fairly and constantly in view, society may be terrified from approaching it." Dr. Johnson once observed, that " when a man voluntarily engages in an important contro versy, he is to n do all he can to lessen his antag onist, because authority, from personal respect, has much weight with most people, and often mare than reasoning." Much as 1 love the cha racter, admire the talents, and generally approve of the sentiments of that great and good man, 1 have no inclination to follow the - course prescrib ed in the above cited precept. I will not inten- acer etb? 7 NrmnEr. 9178.1 CONTRACT FOlt. OA 3EO' ircr• or fur ,efir 1:t'( d ittt nee qrf 4 Ken , r t ad 7 ISC" 163; et of rort etio' Of i't _ ;P e ' 1. or: - too a 1Y r-.r7'-' .ii>" Comtnisiuriat Depart nie ,Ts ensuT y Chainliers, . • 2.24 .1 am uary, 0122. SUCH Persons as are desirous of Contracting with the !writ for CommiSsariat Sup Plies, to deli": 450 ,0001b5. of OATS at the Military Dep6t, in 'rooky-street, 43 / 4 1 tY receive particulars of the Contracts at this Office between The Hours of Ten and Four, and deliver their Tenders 16444 , 11 P and directed to the agent for Oommissoriat Sup- Marking thereon*" Tender for Oats ;" on or before 11i 'daY the sth Feb ruar y . ; but none will he received after 1, w eirc o'Clock on that Day; nor will any Proposal be no t::°4 unl ess made on or annexed to a pr i u t e d 'Particular, and ;le Pri ces inserted itt Words at tenth ; nor unles: a L e tter "bloined to such Proposal, signed by two Persons oi i 4 " w it Property, en g ag ing to become bound with the Party .;,, tltitlin g3 in the Sum; expressed in the Particulars, for the 141 ' f ormanee of the ("vont 41 ) OF ANCIENT FREE - A.ND •-: ACCEFTED MASONS. " • RE ANNIVERSARY 1? EST IV A in ho • nour of the BIRTH-DAY of the M. T. GRAND • • ": 1 : t of ENGLAND, his Royal Highness the DUK E -` S USSEX, w ill be celebrated at FREEMASONS' HALL , 1.4 114 . 01 ), on'MONDAY,; : .the 28th January inst. c.., 1 e 4, Fifteen Shillings each, to be. had of the Stewards, at Freemasons' Hall; until Fealty, the 2.sth' January after•which date none will on any account be issued. • By Order of the Board of iStewardS, H. LEWIS, Secretary. RRITISH iNSTTTUTTON. PALI, MALL. EIIS GALLERY, for the EXHIBITION ~iiand SALT of the WORKS of MODERN ARTISTS, h.' he OPKNED on MONDAY NEXT, the 29th Instant, r /th Ten in the Morning until Five in the Evening. Adtnis , ion is —Catalogue is. By Order, JOHN YOUNG, Keeper. . NEW YEAR'S LOTTERY. prBDING and Co. No. 1, CORNIIILL, are confident thetradnal Improvement of the Schemes mj'Y submitted to the Public does not. the tlnnhgrrved, and Mast the last was characterized by' the DiXcontinnance of S t :' l e*, the Exclusion of Stock Prizes, te Sui,stitution of Money, and Not Two , Bl . anks to a t }rizs, the present ic found to retain all these no portantnusiderata, .kites another Feature which I'. and Co have ion; heen ti 'xi'.lls-to s ee . introduced,-viz, increase in the Number of t, P.tt als, which are more than doubled; there-being tioiv 75, t!c-') ... -. .......... £20,003, 1 io a h, .................. 2,010 i 10 l) • ' ....rawt............ 1,000 ( 4 4 0 2OO le • ip ng begins qtith of Pebrnety, when the First Prize ' hare £20.000 added to it. Ali other Partieitiars fully ex l'ned in the Schemes ptiblished by LIDDING and Co. who I, 4 ''t been singularly fortunate the YIWiT Lottery of several to, ' !..!" ii iip. - Years, in distributinz Prices of 420,000, which "dds of 100 persons have new substantial Reasons fur re chile . bill `ling they obtained at the Lucky - Corner, Nu. 1, Corn- MILLARD'S PATENT TWINE CLOTH. , tcontenent pas de lit, nsais possOdent les - agrimens. NOB,TAT„FAmii.,,F,s, and Ma t CHANTS, are respectfully informed, the above Cloth, 4''ltaltle for its peculiar conduciveness to health to wear in E'tst•atirl %Vest - Indio; at welt as in this changeable-and . 11, more cold climates, for its great economy, and for being e t ricable to ail the purposes fur which the fino India Long as well as Linens, are n.ed, and at half the price, is a " l " in entire C ase s of 30 to 6 0 Pieces , for Exportation ; and Irthe piece of 2ti to 52 yards each, at 18d.-9.1.,-15. 3s. fid. per yard, stamped, MILLARD'S PATENT g I , l ``E; CLOTH, &c. at the Warehouse , No. 10, 'Et and no where else-whatever ; and which ir is necessary L ' ) ;!otic e , various Imitations having been produced, and sold 'f he Pieces for Sheeting contain flout two to four pair Families sending orders will have them executed as .Pees en t ; mi d w h e re the greatest variety of British and Fo :1" Goods ;ire constantly on sale. T it URSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1822 tionally either misrepresent the collective sense of Mr. MarthuS's Essay, or, lay an unfair stress upon any single passage which might be con strued to thedisadvantage of his humanity. Ile must not, however, be angry with' me if I now and then play with some' of his expressions. Upon the Whole, it appears to me that Mr. Malthus is no more morally censurable for the policy which he has recommended than are the rulers of mankind, and the superintendauts of education, when they inflict a certain portion of immediate pain in order to prevent the occur rence of a greater evil in future life. I - have no quarrel with his motive: but I hope to shew that we shtill best attain the very end he has in view by pursuing a course widely different from that which he has recomMended-=nay, the very re verse of it. I shall in this letter prove, from Mr,: Malthus's own. W:',y•::e,'-that whateVer may be the power of man%ind fa multiply their num.- bers, that power is coutroulable by other causes than vice and misery. In the edition of .Mr. Malthus's Essay, quoted by Mr. Godwin., he says, " I do not see how it is possible Jo escape - the rcoticlusion, that moral restraint iS 'the - strict line of duty.—At the same time I believe that few:of my readers Can be less sanguine than I an, i 4 their expectations of any sudlen and great ch nge in the general conduct Ville)? on this subject" and the chief reason why, in the last chapter, 1, flowed myself to suppOse the universal_prel:'i4, e of this virtue was, that I might endeavour 'tizi remove any imputation on the goodness of'. eity," by supposing (adds 1 Mr. Godwin) soinAhl g that would never. take place.— Now when w • note that Mr. Malthus was not speaking of a: gradual, but of . a sudden and great change, the comment of Mr. Godwin does not appear to be very appropriate. Mr. Godwin and Mr. Malthus 'both agree in perceiving much evil in the world, and in wishing to remove it. The one thinks that the remedy is to be found in revising those political institu tions which militate against a more equal distri bution of the ' goods of life : while the other fancies that he sees in a single fact, namely, in the tendency of population to outgrow the means of subsistence, the deep seated cause of all our miseries, in comparison with which the causes originating in political institutions were as feathers and straws that float upon the surface of the stream. I very much doubt whether Mr, Godwin him self was more sanguine in hoping that the causes of evil arising from the selfishness of mankind, and from those institutions which secure to cer- tain individuals the advantages which they now enjoy over others, would be suddenly and greatly changed by the principles of benevolence which it was the object of his system to establish in so ciety, than Mr. Malthus was p that a paolon, ad mitted on all hands to be strong, would be simul- taneously brought under the government of rea son. ‘r.llhe weight of a hair would turn the scales between their avoirdupois." Differing as I do, from both of these able men, as to the course which ought to be pursued, in order to the attainment of the great end which we have in view, I nevertheless regard them with perfect good will, and would fain indulge the hope that we may yet come to a clear understanding upon a point of such deep interest and paramount im portance. For any one of us however to affirm that we are in possession of the whole truth, would be as good as to. say that we are fanatics. I'd as lief a man called me horse and spit in my face, as say he had the truth : for what phi losopher ever professed to aim at falsehood ? Truth, eternal truth, was the avowed object of the realists, and idealist , . of the sublime and an gelical, and irrefragablu Doctors; of the Itosi crucians, and alchemists, and astrologers. You cannot put your nose into an academy, or a tem ple, into a college, or a tap-room, into a cathe dral, or a conventicle, without being suffocated or drawn out by truth ; and, after all, what is it, and where is it ? we all have it, aMd yet we can not persuade our neighbours that it is in our pos session. But, although it is a petiiio priueipii, to say that we have the truth, it. is reasonable enough to inquire whether we have any palpable worldly interest in maintaining a particular side of a ques tion. And 'yet again, this disposition assumes such a vast variety of shapes, that it is difficult to detect and expose it : for my own part, being as it were a nameless individual, I am at least exempt from the pride of consistency. I have no established reputation to maintain ; I might if I pleased, under the signature of Liber, expose, and reprobate, and execrate all the errors and follies of Index. But this old, threadbare article called truth — this cant of many colours, this *.tneleon, this phantasmagoria, has bewildered, and led me astray. Where was 1 as Claud Ilalero would say. Oh ! moral restraint—that was"-the word at which we left off.—Well, Sir, and what says Mr. Malthus about Moral Restraint ?—ls it a match for the Lion ?—( Your Lion is a terrible wild low l.)—Yes, an please yob, I hope it is ; but let us hear the maste'r, the lord of this age, whom Brongham, and Scarlett, and all the fight ing men of the House (Wilberforce excepted ; but he, as the deuce will have it, has a familiar which is much more spiteful, in the shape of the depravity of human nature) fall down unto and worship.—Mr. Malthus come forth, and speak for yourself!—Well, Sir, here I am at your bid ding, and what would you with me ? Why, only to do us the favour to recite, in an audible tone, a passage from your own Book.—Well, Sir, as Wordsworth says, I love to read my own writ ings; and, if this is all, I obey you with pleasure and alacrity.—Say you so, Mr. Malthus.? I am glad of it ; please to turn to vol. 3, page 320 to 323 the fifth and last Edition. Let us have the benefit of your best and most matured thoughts " From a review of the state of society in former periods, compared with, the present, 1 should certainly say, that the evils resulting from the principle of population have rather di minished than increased, even under the disadvantage of an al most total ignorance of their real cause. And if we c , n indulge the hope, that this ignorance will be gradually dissipated , it does not se.em unreasonable to expect that they will be still farther diminished.—The increase of absolute population,which will, of course, take place, will evidently tend but little to weaken this expectation, as every thing depends upon the'relative pro portion between population and food, and not on the absolute number of the people. In the former part of this work it an peered that the countries which possessed the fewest peoprei often suffered most from the effects of population ; and it,. can scarcely be doubted, that, taking Europe throughout, fewer fa mines, and fewer diseases arising frOM wa n t , have p revailed in the last century than in those which preceded it." " On the whole, therefore, though our future prospects re. speeting the Mitigation of the evils arising from the prin ciple of 'population May not be so bright as we could Kish, yet they ate far from being entirely disheartening;, and by no means preclude that gradual and progresivc irnprOve merit in' bunion society which, beforelhe late wild.speculations on this subject (a slap at Godwin) was the object of rational expectation." A strict inquiry into the'principle of population obliges us to conclude that•we shall never be able 'to throw. away the ladder by which we have risen to this eminence;• but it by no means proves that we may not risehigher by the same, means. The structure of society, in its great fea tures, will •Probably al ways remain unchanged. We have every reason, to-• believe that it will consist of a class of proprietors and a class of la bourers ; but the condition of each, and the proportion Which they bear to each other ' • may be so altered, as greatly"to his pr&e the harmony and beauty of the whole. It would, indeed, be a melancholy reflection, .that while the views of physical; science are daily enlarging, so as scarcely to be bounded by the most distant horizon, the science of moral and political philo sophy should be confined within such narrow limits, or at best be so feeble in its influence, 'as to be unable to counteract ~.he oh -stades to human happiness arising from a single cause. But, however formidable these obstacles may have appeared,' in some parti of this work, it is hoped that the general result of the inquiry is such as not to make us give up the improvernent of human society in despair. The partial good, which seems to be' attainable, is worthy of all our exertions, is sufficient to direct our efforts, and animate our prospects. And although we cannot .expect that the virtue and happiness of mankind will keep pace with the brilliant career of physical discovery, yet, if we are not wanting to ourselves, we may confidently indulge a hope, that to. no unimportant extent, they will be influenced by its progress and will partake of its success." 1 t is well said, in faith, Sir.. andit is well said' indeed, too. . iv ow then, it appears clearly from the highest authority, that the procreative is a controulable power ;—that it is not a law of nature which, 'like the ebbing and flowing of • the tide, or the , setting in of the - Monsoons, would mock the puny efforts of man to liMit . its operation. But in what degree is it controulable ? Is it more. restive and sttenuous tha t n various other hu man- propensities ; than sovetousness, ambition, anger, envy, and such like sources of vice and Misery -?.. Mr. Malthus has an answer ready for us • 'That the natural check .to early marriages, arising from &view of the difficulty attending the support of a large family, o.perates very: Widely throughout all classeS of Society in every cState-,-'and `may Ise 'expetted to be still more ef f ective, as the lower classes of people continue to improve in knowledge and prridence; cannot admit of the slightest doubt."—Vol. p. 284. • " in the present state of things we appear to have under our, guidance a great power, capable of peopling a. desert ref s -ion in a small number of years ; and yet, under °tilt+ circumstances, capable of.being confined by human energy and virtue, to any limits however narrow, at the expence of a small comparative quantity of evil."—Vol. 3. p. 81. " It is evidently, therefore, regulation and direction which are required with regard to the principle of population, not diminution or alteration. And if moral restraint be the - only virtuous Mode of avoiding the incidental evils arising /cm this • principle, our obligation to practise it will evidently rest'E:c- ACTLY upon the same foundation as our obligation to practise any of other virtueS"—Vid. 3. p. 83. I could edify you with more passages in the same strain ; " . mais (fest assez pour line foil; lons nous a dinncr." 1 remain, dear . Sir, your's truly, January 10, 1822. INDEX. • P. S. Considering how promptly you have done me the honour to insert my former commu nications, I feel it proper to apologize for the interval which has elapsed between the dates of my last and of this Essay. I was called oil' to take part in another discussion, in a certain pe riodical work, which, however, bears upon the subject of the foregoing letter ; and with your permission, the substance, at le:•st, of what I have written, shall be eventually submitted to the Readers of THE SUN. SOUTH AMERICA. RECOGNITION of . the INDEPENDENCE of CII [From the Government G;tzette of SANTIAGO, SEPT. 29: - - LETTER FROM TILE DEPUTY OF HIS MOST FAITH- MAJEsTY WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF RUE- NOS,AYRES TO THE ENVOY MOM CHILI WITH THE SAME GOVERNMENT. IS Most Faithful Majesty, my Sovereign, at the time of ,his return to Europe, thought fit to recognize the fact of the indeptndence of the provinces of the Rio de la Plata, whiCh are in obedience to their respective Governments; and to entOr into those intimate relations of friend.; ship which he bad long wished to maintain with •the people of the territories adjoining to his king- dour of the Brazils; and it was only a fatal con currence of circumstances, equally experienced in the interior of both countries, or indeed rather the vacillating policy of the States of Europe, which could have prevented his Majesty from manifesting before . the present epoch the whole extent of his liberal views.--:-His Most Faithful Majesty, well persuaded of the legitimacy of a Government, the existence of 'which is proved by the fact of the obedience of the people, only waited for a conjuncture in which the union of all wills might he demonstrated, in order to treat with the• respective Governments on the tiro) basis of sound policy, on the immutable relation of reciprocal interests, the ties of commerce, al liance, -and friendship, calculated to secure the perpetual enjoyment of that peace which is al ways the most desirable object of the p eo p le of all natiens.---In purstrance.of these principh , s,his Majesty has been pleased .to appoint me his agent to the' GOVernment of your State, au thorizing me, as he has authorized, Vite by I credentials, to aid and . 'promote all the' interests PRICE •EVEN.iIIEtiC.E. of commerce aria of the CrOwii.--Lln the insane.: tions giien me by the Minister' Secretary of St4i4 for Foreign Affairs, I am authorized to treat with the Envoys and Agents of all ; the neighbouring Provinces and States, resident here in a • public character, to whom I am Ordered to, declare in a positive, mariner, that these liberal dispositions or' his Majesty extend totheir respective governments. And as in the said instructions official consid,er4- tion is expressed for the . Government of the State of Chili, I can no longer deny myself the satis faction of communicating to your Excellency, as the Minister of that Supreme Government 'ia these. provinces, the generous sentiments of the Sovereign, in order that, in reporting - them to your government, you may at the same time de clare that the subjects of the State of Chili shall. be treated in the States of his Majesty with all the consideration enjoyed by the subjects or other Governments ; and also that from hence• forth the agents, whether mercantile or diplo matic, of that Governiinent shall he received and treated at the Court of his Majesty With all the honours, considerations, and credit, which accord ing to the general laws of nations are granted to similar' Ministers or agents of other supreme Go vernments. I have, however, to inform your Ex cellency, that diplomatic agents only must be ac credited to the Court of Lisbon, but that consuls and vice-consuls will be admitted into the ports of the ,Brazil by permission of his Royal High ness the Prince ,Regent, while he continues to execute the Royal authority.-1 am happy to have the honour of being the medium through which the generons sentiments of my Court are declared, and in . , having an opportunity which affords ine the pleasure of assuring your Excel lency of my: high esteem and consideration. God preserve your Excellency many years. JUAN sIANUEL DE FIGUETEEDO. Buenos Ay:es, AUg.ll; 182 . 1. To his Excellency !)on Miguel Zaiiartu. • MINISTRY OF WAR IN I,IMA. SEPT. 12, 1321..' SEigott,—The Spanish army which evacuated. this capital on the 6th of July, after experiencing a considerable diminution of physical and moral force, having proceeded to .the province of Jauja, and formed a junction with tke division of Bri gadier Canterac, put itself again in motion un der the command of that officer on the. 29. d of last month, and directed its march toward's this capital. General Laserna, was left in Jauja with a squadron of cavalry, and the hospitals and stores of the army. On the 3d instant, Briga dier Canterac adVatiCed by the gap of Sicicaya, with his army, consisting, according to report, of five battalions, rind 700 horse. The Vrotector of Peru having adopted, in anticipation, means for securing the best result to the. warlike ope 'rations, as soon as the enemy approached, or dered the Generaliti Chief, :Camp Marshal Dora Juan de'Gregorio de las Thmas, to march out with his troops and observe the movements of the Spanish force. On the following day his Excellency proceeded to the army, and placed himself at its head. As soon as the enemy had issued from the gap of Sicidaya, he took a posi tion in the Hacienda de la Molina, at' the dis tance of two leagues from the city, and one from our army in Mendoza. Since then, until the day before yesterday, both armies manoeuvred itt different positions, and the enemy manifeSted no indication to tight, but, on the contrary, avoided any encounter. This was a consequence as w e n of the inferiority of his force, as of its being his plan to put him Self in communication with Callao,, which he accomplished yesterday at four in the evening - , _by a forced march from San' Beria.--- His Excellency directed that a sqn - adron of ca valry, and eight companies of Cazedoro, under the command of Don Rudecindo A lbardo, should ptirsue the rear-guard, which was done, but with out effect, in consequence of the celerity of the enemy's march. The enemy is 'now in Baqui jano,and the Liberating Army is encamped near the Legua, watching his movements. The quantity of provisions necessary for subsisting the enemy's army, as well as the garrison 'of' CallOa, is very considerable, and we knew by correct reports that the supply in the fortress is not sufficient for the remainder of this month. The enemy must, therefore, soon encounter our brave troops'; for, besides this difficulty, it will be impossible to find forage for cavalryin the contracted posi tion he now' occupies. Thus it appears; that whatever may have been the enemy's plan in ad vancing on Callao, he cannot remain there many days, unless he can conquer'the barrier which the Superiority of our troops, in enthusiasm, num bers, and courage; presents.—Out naval fo'rc'e blockades the works of the fortress, and prevents . , any assistance re aching.it, or any externaf 'corn , munication with it. The' progress made by the division,• under the command of Colonel Miller, is also of great importance: It' must now be in 'possession of H u atnangi:--GenerarLaserna re mains in' Jauja. The efforts W . hich he make with the* small force under his cotrunaVd can produce no effect, as a considerable number of guerrilas watch his movements.—ThiS Is the present state of the catnpaign, and it is 'iiifltviejit to give your Excellency a just idea of. What may be hoped, it at the same time - you take into cop.. sideration the heroic Nithlisipsal which, wittiot exception of sex. or of age, has been displavtd in this capital; in favoui of the cause of the (ion tinent.----Ihave the honour to communicate this to your Exc,ellency, in order that the Supreme Director of your State, to WhoM the success of our arms is in a great measure' due, maL,parci cipate in the satiSfaction created by the greA hopes now about to be fulfilled,' . trustlUg thin, in the destiny of the 'friendly .States of America. Accept the 3211iirucnts of initligtingu'Oed consitieratior.. ItER:NARDO MONTI:M.IPM To Colonel Don Jose Ignuio Zenteau, NlinistF of War.