The Sun. — London, England, 1822-10-31 00:00:00

~' , • ..fr, 4' 1.; • • •- • • •. • • • , .. pri ri. 111 , ... t • ~'' . 4 t: - ..' •.; .. 0 , 1; . ' 50 . . V • - - ... .- . "- - 77 2_ .1 ".°1-::7:* 1 --' :- ....;;,..;:::SF/e/' 11,7:,7",: ~..., ... ,... All . . ..- AP * : O ' s ., , t•t • ‘ \ , . . , - i / / e - 4) ;-tz-c- -, /i f og ,!-`1 4712 p s, '7 .i 404 4 t t . . affec' Ondac t ' 'righte r ' broker° „dart. , about ••• a 75 PRICE SEVENPENCE. UMBER 9418 THURSDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1822. iy Da n• Tope,r u t l pow ces 1 ' 1 ! cie n. i ga tiot atautter - .7. F• 0 05' 116 ' 0 0 ' ffec tl .% Hec l ! v i tfectil Pe - r OA _ . '.- ) I ° l ' t, Pq'' you ° j o f 654" f l r o 'f a ny - Che rri : tir ; te 0° - o A il° aller°ll. Ala i 'll ie th , r ace "' eitY; oI year in t he an. ag e, ..--< ATII''. La dy of f a sol• o s bOrl , t C ji a rt titer of T. TT, f . ri s° f r tcicbtiol, 3n , 41" nresiaja ins'' dis trict : L )lag iS n i the ie.' of 6111. ' ' 4 DJIIR4tTy-oFFIOE, Oct. 30, 1822. °TI CE is hereby given, that a Session of Oyer and T ' and Gaol Delivery, for the Trial of oeen, • ermtner t eseontntated on the High Seas, within the JuriFtlic -441: t4e delmiralty of England, will be held at Just i ce b ete the Old Bailey, Loudon, on Monday, the 2d day of vJer neal, at Eight o'Clock in the Morning. J. W. CROKEn. "'ILL/NG : . OFF/CE, Oct. 48, 182 41 E COMMISSIONERS for PICTUAL t . o L IA Y G Hi s MAJEST Y' s NAVY, 4c. too hereby e AO. . tl 4e , ' t ee) that on Tuesday, the 19th of November next, ohct "I be read y to rece i ve T en d ers i n writing (sealed n p) 4- ere at for the supply (on separate Contracts) cf all such 411 - • PROVISIONS, including RUM, as may at ' , 4 "led fur th e use o f Hi s Majesty's Ships and Vessels th atai nat Plac es under-mentioned, from the dates expressed t tlfas. czell till the 31st December, 1893, viz.:-- itr,d'ZC,ewrarickfergus Larne Harbour, La 44" ' a nd rw Dub!in. Ist ..fanuary, 1823. tr t "der!. Le. et hick Y and Loughswilly i l d b i' tth L tir e lill Roads, a n d the Frith of} 17thFebruary,1883. 9th January, 1843. Th e g u . ur Lv "ndttio„ of the Contracts may be seen at this Office, to the. Secretary, to the Postmaster-General and to the Collectors of His Majesty's Customs 4p eetiv 4 . 4 tt Galway, Londonderry, Greenock, and Leith, re p ( Y. 6 e 441, / ender must specify the price in words at length, and rytapt b ered before One o'Clock on the day appointed, and Per e gcc° nipaniecl by a Letter, signed by two responsible iji ;::''g a gilig to become bound with the Party tender °,le4 ‘; th e Penal Sum of 5001. for the due performance of 7,4 - 1 the Contracts. 6 eh oi ; er.Bo ll Who tnahes the Tender, or some Person 04 his % it attend to answer when called for. WALLER CLIFTON 1‘ 1 7 ,, 1C:17 - 7 41 LIVG-OFF ICE, October 30, 1 8 22. 1 ...L.L.. C OIIikriSSIONE RS for VICTUAL — No t; 4l 'vo His IiIdiJESTrS NA 1 7 Y, Fre. do hereby git . , .e . 6 e r e : r ; 11 ' 01 on w Friday, the 22d of November next, they w i ll li, the to receiv e T enders in writing (sealed up), and treat i 7 B EEF u PPIY (on separate Contracts) o . f ili wka . t FRESH 7"? . d for the use of Hz: tln et 1. , Jbe require d est y's Ships geui, ea4e ls at the places under-mentioned fro nt the d ates self,':e each expressed, till the 31st December, 182 3 , - t i lt i thl ' l\; ,) eewa!rrickfergus, Larne Harbour, _ _ _ _ ght 4ix 0 ,,, er Ist January, pm. kin, mad ' . 4 s twn 0 . 1 , I), nil Dublin 27th January, 1823. ral No • (ai ll , Illh f ree al l• lit l , l tlt Ist January, 1823. Lib a rn . % t7 aria j i L tit er iek Ni Jersey J h i' , Leith b th e River Shannon . 14 i - 4 14 , 1 , 01 --" 'oth, and Firth of Ethn-} Ist January, 1823. 1. 4 4 4 Hav en . zeox (:sndeti y and L illY 17th February,lB23. 'I I ' w e lt i, t n i ; n Ol i a r inZu gi tniaven 1 Kst;::' , ) aint, e Y } Ist January, 1823. er and Loch Ryan jy:ht,„ ~No,th t 131 h February, 1823 41te r and ' Ynn, and Wells Ist lanuf ry, 1823: . r , r 6 ~,i ti" s of the Contracts may be seen at this Offic . e : '',4l.,:'''"Ying at the Post O ffi ces at Brighton, Dub y lt . n l ' e olli 11 ' on d Jersey, to Mr. Miller ; Agent for the ; ij° l';,„ l Pl 'lntouth ; 'Mr. Edwin, Victualling Wharf a i tkr t r . - `lll% c ounsel, Nacal Yard, Deal; Mr. Christopher C4 '4 ' : , ,, e3 atlli l-ehan t ; and to the Collector: of Hi:Majesty's o th 7 , e ach of t h e other places. NI 6, ee r must specify the Price in Words at length, inter; delivered before One o'Clock on , the day . ap -431(4, ' and must be accompanied- by a Letter s ig ned Pe rt: retP G on sible P ersons, engaging to b ecome bound wit h ththe i ' ' ' 7 or tejkle ' l "g, inSuns due the penal of 2,0001. for the V le "ce 0 the Plymouth Contract, and of 500 1 . for e ach P :17, Qtler ntracts. Pp 44 4 e e it: r " l t° ll o mak es th e T e nder, or some Person on - "'Lust attend to answer when called for. CS I ...,..„............. M. WALLER CLIFTON. , 44 13 t ( c leT for SUPPLYING CONVICTS CONFINED l'kEs4.lth H ULKS with PROVISIONS, CLOTHING, 444 So I AItI ES ) BEDDING, COALS, CANDLES, OIL, C°ll3 missariat Department, Treasury Chambers, „ 24th October, 1622. t to ' e rsons as are desirous of Contracting 4 - "vic ts e _ u rl'Y the above-mentioned Articles, for the use of to t trn tss, . n fined on hoard Hulks at Portsmouth, Woolwich,• p at raeti a nd Chatham, may receive particular s of the d an d t his thi s Of fi ce, between the Hours of Ten an ~ I " ,,e i lyer their Tenders at th . e Commissariat Office, ct*th directed to the Superintendent of Convicts, , a 4.11 .04 ee°ll- --" Tend'er for Provisions, Src. for Con- O r before Thursda the 14th November ; but tii t ey pre received after Twe l ve o'Clock on that Day; nor ti ea tt t i l d , Da ‘ :l l ; ° : tl a i l be noticed unless m ade . on or annexed to a Ntnee nor ' 4 r, and the Prices inserted in Words at e by t wo a Letter be subjoined to such Prop o os . a e l ! 14 lb l 'uo t , d wo ?erson s of known property, engaging to . e Nrti wtth the Party tendering in the Sum express ed culars, for - the due performance of the Contrae . 4 1. 1\ 41.1t. DLENHEIIII TAVERN, __ bs, I. ' THE NEW CHURCH, CHELSEA. ____ 114 'll.l' I.' S li E R late of - DRURY-LANE -„- h -,z,ATtp ' . dully to announce, f4 ;`"` e -4 1 leave most re s p ectfully 1. '23 41 ; 0 t8 _h-,say°Psened th b above, under the hope.that his E . nter-_ 44 4 41 3 ) 4a,,,e ecure him a full House, while the liberality of 4, 4. t(i l ic liia Z 6 l lt a w,_ill not Only gratify his Good Company, but _ 2bl.'''*4l'4.44'll‘*ratieril.-11 fi, .en n.. Ke a stand in the Character, which, although short notice, his unceasing study to appear 'statto _ge tr usts , se him a fair Benefit. inn at e:s e drest —'r he best of all sorts, & c. PtO MESSRS. BROWELL AND CO. _ Itt Silt London. 19th Oct. tam k 414 Ma --'4P WILLIAM - PARKER., myself h 'l " - tu ster rey; i i Voyage to Janlac "' . had ~ ()tit p swo ',_ . _ons t . o her a F as a prepared by you, I 4tv tr n_ly kt,07,i'1.,,,17e5ail made of th t Pe tt :i d iet wi th 1 1 . 1 .: I found the Canvas to be the best I thvteh:l4l.iiztetttoa p t). era l lo N u a ri t dig .themwere certainly m in a situation sybere 1° 44 Rive evidecnecef aisin jtuol7t in ild e e i w ti e le d r ,. — ye l t s t i t l i a e i r l ei l s w r y ! its superiority in wFar l. ovcr, • "vas that has come under my observatun &c. I .4 11 3: &c. &c . wiN CROS.I3IE. CAMPAIGNS IN THE CANADAS. ( Continued from Yesterday's Sun.) The naval operations of 1812 on the Canadian Lakes, though few and uninteresting, 'were important in their influence upon the events of the following year. When the war commenced, the British possessed the superiority on both lakes, Ontario and. Erie. On the former, the flotilla was composed of the Royal George of 22 guns, and three smaller vessels, while the Ame ricans had only a brig of 16 guns : but our flotilla was unfor tunately manned only by Canadian, and the officers (who were not of the royal navy) with their Commodore, Earle, were notoriously incompetent. Earle, soon after the commence ment of hostilities, stood over to Sackett's Harbour with his I fleet to destroy the enemy's solitary brig ; there were then no works at that place, but a few shot from two of the brig's guns, planted without cover on a point of land. at the mouth of the harbour, were sufficient to send the gallant Commodore to his own haven of Kingston. The enemy were soon aware of the importance of possessing an adequate flotilla both on this lake and the others ; and, in, October, Commodore Chauncey, of the American navy, arrived at Sac kett's, to equip a force of the desired superiority. Such was his activity, that on the 6th of November ho appeared on the lake with the brig and six fine schooners, mounting in all 48 guns, many of the heaviest metal, and manned by 500 of the best seamen from the Atlantic ports. With this flotilla he chased the Royal George into Kingston, cannonaded that port, and swept the lake iu'triumph. Before the end of the autumn, a new frigate, the Madison, to carry nearly thirty guns, was launched at Sackett's Harbour ; while not the slightest exer tion was made at Kingston to increase the British force. On Lake Erie, after the surrender of Hull, the enemy posses sed not a single vessel until they were permitted to board and recapture their brig (which had been taken at Detroit,) as she lay at anchor off Fort Erie. On this lake they also equipped some small vessels before the close of the year ; and they com manded the waters of Lake Champlain with a flotilla, before the British commander-in-chief had directed the construction of a single gun-boat to oppose them. In reviewing the campaign in the Canadas of 1812, the most striking feature is the failure of the enemy in attempting the subjugation of the British provinces. So extravagant were the hopes of the American government regarding the issue of the contest, that their secretary at war declared from his seat in congress, that they could take the Canadas without soldiers ; they had only to send officers into the provinces, and the people, disaffected towards their own government, would rally round the American standard.' Mr. Clay of Virginia added, that it was absurd to suppose that the enterprize would fail of success ; he was not for stopping at Quebec, or any where else ; he would take the continent from the British; he never wished to see a peace until this was dope.' Yet this Mr. Clay was afterwards one of the American commissioners who signed the treaty of Ghent ! The numerical force which the enemy collected in the course of the summer was sufficient to give rise to lofty expectations. On the different points of the frontier, Generals Hull, Van Rensselaer and Dearborn had made their orders full Itl,ooo men, of whom by far the greater portion were regular troops. But their operations were feeble and disjointed ; and, if ang general plan of action was ever prescribed to them, it was neglected in execution. Hull advanced by orders from Wash ington before the American forces at other parts of the frontier were prepared for operations.- Notwithstanding his proclama tion, the peaceable inhabitants of Canada soon discovered, in the plunder and destruction of their property, that protection and fraternity meant no more among the republicans of Ame.. rice, than the same terms had done 20 year before with other liberator's and on another theatre. Hull certainly evinced great incapacity after his passage of the Detroit, in not immediately marching upon Amherstburgh with his whole force, for he would, in all probability, have carried the place had he made the attempt before Colonel Procter's arrival By lingering, however, at Sandwich until that officer took the command, cut off his communications, and closed the Indians on his rear, he could not subsequently effect a retreat. Altogeter, from the im becile expedition of Hull, to the tardy advance and immediate retreat of Dearborn, the conduct of this campaign displayed a total absence of allmilitary skill, resolution and discipline in the American forces. There exertions on the water were of another character; they saw the full importance of- a command of the great lakes, and availed themselves to the utmost of the supine ness of our commander. IVe have noticed the errors which the enemy committed • thero remains the less grateful task of recounting those which marred the efforts of our gallant and devoted army, and pre pared the way for subsequent reverses. In the winter of 1011-12, the designs upon Canada were openly avowed in the American Congress, yet, except the em bodying of a portion of the militia of the lower province, Sir G. Prevost made not the slightest preparation for defence. Coteau du-lac and Isle-aux-noix are the keys of Lower Canada; the former completely commands the navigation of the St. Law./ rence between the upper and lower provinces; and the latter had been so decidedly regarded as the barrier of Lower Canada from the Champlain frontier, that it excited the particular at tention of the French engineers in the last defence of their colo nies, and was afterwards fortified at considerable expence by General Haldimand during the war of the American Revolu tion. Yet Coteau-du-lac, though Sir George had passed it in a tour through the province, was entirely overlooked until 1813 ; and Isle-aux-noix was left unoccupied for several months after the war, for the Americans to seize upon, had they then pos sessed sufficient military skill to be aware of its value. The first act of the Commander-in-Chief, on learning . the American declaration of war, was an earnest of his future irre solution. He dispatched orders to the commanding officer at fort St. Joseph's to remain upon the defensive; but Captain Roberts knew that, if attacked, his post was untenable • he was aware that the enemy at Michilimackinac must shortly be re inforced, and he boldly preferred to follow the directions of his immediate Cominander, General Brock, to assault that place if he found it advisable. The important result has already been told. To Gen. Brock himself, Sir George Provost sent no in structions whatever for some weeks after he received intimation of the war. Whether this neglect was intentional, to leave that officer to his own responsibility, or was merely the natural effect of the infirmity of purpose which the Commander-in-Chief after wards so repeatedly evinced, the consequences were equally mis chievous ; for General Brock had moved from York to Fort George with the intention of attacking the American fort of Niagara, then unprepared for defence ' and was only restrained from that measure by the perplexity of his situation in being left without orders. Hill's invasion, however, put it beyond doubt that he should do right in opposing him, and the capture of that force preceded his receipt of the first dispatches from the Com mander-in-Chief. These dispatches, indeed, were of such a nature that it was fortunate they arrived no sooner. They an nounted; as we have already stated, the conclusion of that im politic armistice between Sir George Provost and General Dear born at the moment which should have been devoted to active exertion against the American posts on the frontier. By the terms of this truce, General Hull was to determine, at his option, whether or not the suspension of arms should be bind ing upon his division. If he had not already capitulated before he could make his choice, what might not have been the fatal consequences of permitting him to claim the benefit of the armistice ? _ . ... . No Sooner was the suspension of arms to which Sir George had agreed at an end, than he issued positive orders along the whole extent of frontier, that no offensive operations whatever should be attempted against the different points of the enemy's line. The short-sightedness of such a system of defence needs perhaps little exposition, but a practical illustration of its tendency was afforded before the close of the year in the unop posed devastation of great part of the Indian country by General Harrison, while Colonel Procter was compelled by his orders to refrain from advancing to the aid of our allies. This want of co-operation had a most unfavourable effect upon the minds of the Indians, and was an impolitic and unmanly desertion of them. But the most fatal and palpable error of the Commander-in- Chief was his neglect to preserve that ascendancy on Lakes Erie and Ontario which was actually 'enjoyed by the British at the opening of the contest. The command of these lakes is so evi dently an object of primary consideration in the defence of the Canadas, that it is perfectly inconceivable how any man in Sir George Preirost's situation•could have been so infatuated as to disregard the importance of maintaining his superiority. The miserable incompetency of Earle and the other officers of the provincial marine on Ontario was , notorious, and especially after their scandalous repulse at Sackett's Harbour; yet, Sir George neither removed Earle nor noticed his misconduct. A large sloop of war arrived a Quebec from Halifax soon after the be ging of the war, and its Captain would have needed but a hint of the Commander-in.Chiet i s wishes to lay up his ship, march to Ontario with his crew, and supersede Earle and his feeble fol lowers ; but such a plan was beyond the capacity of Sir George; and so little feeling had he of the paramount value of the com mand of the waters, that a mere common-place attempt to hire sailors for the lakes at Quebec, at one half 'the wages which merchants were giving at the same moment, was the only exer tion used to strengthen the flotilla! But, with Earle as a com mander, it mattered little whether sailors were procured or not. During the whole summer and autumn, the enemy's activity in building vessels at Sackett's was incessant, and equally well known with the incanacity of the pet sonnel of our pmvincial naty ; but still no eAiirt was made to keep pace with them. If the crew of the Tartarus sloop of war had been sent to King ston, the enemy's flotilla must have been destroyed in embryo, for Socket's' Harbour was yet unfortitied ; if ship carpenters, of whom there W . ere abundance at Quebec, had been dispatched to Kingston, we might have built at least as rapidly as the enemy ; but neither of these things was done. In .July, 1812, therefore, we had a ship and three brigs while the enemy had but one vessel, and that of the latter description ; and in the November ensuing they had a frigate and seven other sail of two masted vessels, manned by 500 seamen, while our force re mained precisely as before, Our original superiority and the opportunity of perfecting it were thus lost, and the enemy be came masters of the Lake. We shall have full cause to observe the consequences in the events of the following year, and to these we now proceed. The preparations of the enemy for the campaign of i ill' 'Were made with more limited hopes than they had indulged when, but a few months before, the conquest of the Canadas was considered as a matter of sure calculation. They did not, however, relax in exertion, and reinforcements and abundant supplies were expedied,hy their governMent during the winter ; while great energy was exhibited in augmenting that naval strength at Sackett's Harbour, where a second frigate and seve ral smaller vessels were in rapicprogress. On our part, after slum bering away the preceding summer and autumn without one effort to increase our marine in amount of efficiency, Sir Geo. Prevost suddenly awoke , in the depth of winter to a sense of the condition to which is supineness had reduced the Bri-, tish cause ; and the building of two frigates commenced with convulsive activity. One of them (and only one) was laid down in the secure dock-yard of Kingston,—the other was laid down at York, an open place defended merely by two or three small block-houses and unconnected batteries ! The enemy as might have been foreseen, accepted the invitation which was thus held out to them to destroy the ship on the stocks.— soon as the season was sufficiently advanced for naval opera tions, Commodore Chauncey appeared on Lake - Ontario with his frigate and nine other vessels, and embarking the Com mander-in-Chief, General Dearborn, with about 2,000 of the land forces, sailed for York. near which the troops were landed . . on the 27th .of April. General Shea% occupied the capital .of Upper Canada, with 300 regulars and 350 militia and Indiana, These troops, oiler maintaining an unequal contest witti deter:: , mined spirit for some hours, were finally compelled to retreat"' towards Kingston. Before they fell back, however, they binn ed the new_ vessel on the stocks; but the town of York, a man, Of-war-brig in the harbour, and a quantity of naval stores fell into the hands of the enemy. General Sheaf& has been much blamed, first, for the injudicious position of the troops, by which the grenadier company of the. Bth Regiment, who be haved with great gallantry, were exposed to be cut to pieces in a wood, and again for not returning to the attack, , after, the explosion of a powder magazine had destroyed 250 of thc enemy, and thrown them into confusion. But, whatever were his faults, it is evident that the Commander-in-Chief was the primary cause of the disaster, in alluring the enemy to the enterprise by directing the construction of the frigate at a spot where he had provided neither men nor tenable works for its protection. The enemy, after embarking the captured stores, sailed for Niagara. Having there concentrated his whole force, to the number of 6,000 infantry, 250 cavalry, and a numerous train of artillery, Dearborn, in the morning of the 26th of May, tinder cover of a heavy and destructive fire from his fleet, mode good his landing on the Canadian shore below Fort George. Here every gallant effort was ineffectually made to resist the over whelming numbers of the enemy ; and our troops were com pelled to .give way, after suffering . a heavy loss. Retiring up the strait to collect the small garrisons of Fort Erie and other posts, General Vincent, our commander on the Niagara, who thus reinforced, mustered, after his loss, about 1,600 bayonets, abandoned the whole of that line to the enemy, and 'gained - a position at Burlington Bay, 50 miles from Fort George on the lake shore towards York, before the enemy could succeed in an attempt to intercept him. But the American general was not satisfied with the advantage which he had gained, and he accordingly, on the lstJune, sent forward from Fort George a force of 3,500, cavalry and infantry, and 9 pieces of artilery, to force from their position or capture Gen. Vincent's division. On the morning oftliesth June, the enemy arrived within seven miles of the position at Burling ton, and in the course of the day, Lieut.-Colonel.Harvey, De puty Adjutant-General, having reconnoitred their camp, made the daring proposal to General Vincent of attempting to sur prize it during the same night. The attempt was desperate, but the occasion demanded no other. The night proved ex cessively dark and propitious 'for the surprise, and Colonel Harvey, who himself led the troops, judiciously considered that the smallest numbers which, could effect the object of throwing the enemy into confusion, would be best able to co-operate. The division had been under arms all day in expectation of the enemies attack, and just before midnight, as if to change their position only, the halves of two British regiments, mus-• tering exactly 704, marched out of camp. At 'two o'clock, irf the stillness of the night, this little band fearlessly rushed with fixed bayonets into the American camp of just five times their number. The surprize was complete ; a part only of the ene my had time to fire one destructive volley before they tied ,in every direction, leaving Generals Windier and Chandler, their two senior officers, and a hundred prisoners, in the hands of the assailants. with four field-pieces. The British troops then re tired just before day-break to their own position, carrying with them the prisoners and two of the guns of which the horses had been secured. The object of the enterprise was most fully ef. fected, for, with the day, the Americans only returned to their camp to destroy stores, provisions, &c. and then their wholeforce made a precipitate retreat of eleven miles, until General I..iewis joined them with a considerable reinforcement. (To be continued.) CANALS IN . ENGLAND AND I' RANGE.--The num ber of navigable canals in the United Kingdom is 103, of which 97 are formed in England alone, not including those of which the length does not exceed five miles ; five in Scotland; and one only in Ireland. The total extent of these canals is 26821 miles ; i. c. 2471 miles of English canals, 1491 miles in Scotland, and 693 miles in the Dublin and Shannon canal. The sum expended in these constructions is' estimated at more than 30,000,0001. sterling ; and, in some cases, the original share's have risen, in a few years, to fifteen, and even twenty times their original value. In the lines of these canals, 48 subterraneous passages occur, the entire length of which is not accurately known ; but 40 of them, whose lengths are stat ed,-give a total developement of 57,051 yards, or more than 32 miles. It is deserving of remark, that of the total length of the English canals, more than fourteen hundred miles communicate with the grand navigable line between London and Liverpool, the length of this alone being 264 miles ; and it is connected in its course with forty-five others, of which •the united extent equals 1,150 miles. Such is the present state of the English navigable canals ' • not a yard of which existed before the year 1755. Till that time, the idea of canals was ridicul ed as superfluous and absurd, in a country like England enjoying, as it was said, favourable lines of coast, and provided with numerous navigable rivers. It is well - known that the Duke of Bridgwater by opposing him se lf to the prevailing opinions and prejudices of the country, first demonstrated the practicability and importance of 'such works; and, to effect his purpose, on coming of age, he limited himself to a personal expenditure of four hundred pounds per annum, applying the remainder of his revenue to the construction of the first Canal, bearing his name, and which forms an imperishable monument of his genius and pa triotism. This work, completed in 1759, proved the prac ticability and advantage of the system, and laid the forinda don of all that has since been effected in it, so highly to the interest, the convenience, and the reputation of the country. Of navigable canals in France, the number is very inconsiderable, there being only six of the first order, and. about 20 of inferior d imensions. These six are the canal of Briare, completed in 1642; that of Ltinguedoc, in 1680 ; that of Orleans, 1692 ' • that of Lorgn, finished , in 1723 ; the Canal du Cent r e, in 1791 ; and that of St. Quentin, in 1810: the total length of which amounts only to 591,000 metres, or 378 English miles. The secondary canals have a' total length of 250 miles, making thus together only 028 mil es of navigable canals, in a territory containing 26,700 square French leagues ; being quadruple the surface of England, and with a population nearly three tunes as great. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PARIS, OCT. 28.—We hope, for the honour of those generations, which will succeed us on this globe, that they will not believe what is now passing relative to Greece. They will not be lieve that civilized and' christian Europe has coldly abandoned a pious and valiant population to the savage ferocity of a nation, who, in _the middle of the 19th century, perpetrates the hot.-- rors of the most barbarous ages. They will not believe that the punishments - , the agonies, the refined tortures inflicted on so many millions of Christians, have not for a moment been put into the balance against the calculations of some mer - chants, or the interests of some oligarchies; and that at a time when whoever-manifested a doubt on the dogmas, or made an insinuation against the prieSts of Christianity, was pursued with pious invectives and declamations, priests were, empaled, virgins violated, infants and old people Massacred, and the most beautiful portion of the globe transformed into a desert, moistened with blood and covered with ashes, without exciting one moment's pity. Recent news have inspired us with 'hope, that so many horrors, sacrileges, and massacres would at length draw on their' authors. the vengeance of a great empire ; but if this should not be the case—if the Greeks fail in their heroic and legitimate struggle, their bones may be .collected, and of them may be formed a colossal monument ; the inscription engraved on - it should inform posterity how much humanity has suffered to preserve the titles and the power of -the , European aristocracy.— (Le Courier Fruilgaris.) Colonels Fabvier and Dentrel were not de tained-uU secret. The Ki:~g heard mass iu his apartments. Mon sieur, the Duke d'Angouleme, Madame, and the Duchess of Berry, were present in the Chapel of , '.the Palace. M. the Duke de BlacaL / arrived in Paris yes terday. - He is bearer of the final arrangements concluded between the Holy See and France, which consist of a new limitation of the Dioceses, and BullS of Institution of the three Bishoprics of Amiens, Nantes, and Limoges. The Police yesterday .seized at the library of M. Niogret, a publication entitled S:ysteme Sociale, by Baron d'Holbach, which is a verbatiM reprint of an old Edition. t is affirmed that at the instance of a great Power, Prince Alexander Ypsilanti, who is still confined in the fortress of Montgatz, will soon be liberated.—(Comtilutionnel.) M. Benjamin Constant, and the responsible- Editors of the Pilote, the Journal. du .Commerce,. the Courier I'7.th:fats, and the CQnstitutionne/, have received a citation to -appear before the Tribunal of Correctional Police on Wednesday, the 30th inst.—(ldeal.) , . kis annountedthat:Count Capo d'lstria, who is at the country seat of. the Baron de Stein, in. Westphalia, has recently received a courier, with dispatchei from the Emperor Alexander, which appeared to be of a nature most gratifying to him. Hence it was concluded that a sudden change would take place in the policy of the Ca binet of St. Petersburgh, relative to: the Affairs of the East. To strengthen this conjecture, it is added that the Baron de Strogonoif has receive,d, orders to join his Sovereign at Verona without AUGSBURG, Oc'r. 21.—We have received let ters from Constantinople of the 2-Ith and '2sth of September, and although they are not posterior to those which we have before published. some , days ago, they contain some interesting particu lars of the state of that city, of which the follow ing extract is a part : " Fifty-six Turks have set out for Wallachia and Moldavia. These provinces are organised entirely a la Tark, and the above persons are to till the simation of Counsellors to the Hospodars, who are also to give up their families as hostages. " A letter is spoken of which the Reis Effendi has addressed to the Ministers of Austria, France, and Prussia, on the subject of the Whirs of the Porte with Russia. " Towards the 18th of this month a great number of discon tented people repaired to the Greek suburb, where they set tire to several houses, and in three hours the greater part of the su burb was reduced to ashes ; thousands of unfortunate Greek artizans are wandering about the streets destitute of a place of refuge, and a great number are leaving the capital for the islands, or even for Asia. " The last Greek Interpreter of the Porte, who was banished to Coli, has met the same fate as the unfortunate Collimachi. He was massacred in his exile by his gaolers, who had probably received secret orders on this subject. " To this news we add spme more, which have.arrived from different places. A vessel, which left Napoli di Romani, on Septeinber 25, has brought news that on the 10th of that month, the Turkish fleet continued its voyage to the Dardanelles, and that it lost one frigate. The-Algerine and Egyptian squadrons had before sailed for Algiers and Egypt. The Greeks still en. Certain the hope of burning the Turkish fleet, which is infested with the plague. " From Calamata, it it: said that the seat of the central Go. vernment of the Greeks has been again transferred from Tripo litza to Corinth. From Souli, of August the 9th, we have heard what follows Chourschid had left to blockade us Tahir )?acha, and the Lelichlar of the late Ali-Zebelen ; we defeated them, and 1,200 infidels were killed on the borders of the Acheron, but on a sudden Omar Brione appeared at the foot of the mountains with 15,000 men. We attacked - them, but in vain ; it was necessary to fight retreating, with despair in our hearts, and foreseeing our approaching ruin, we resolved to kill-our wives and children, and seek a glorious death in the midst of our enemies; but the Deity did not permit the execution of such a project. When our wives heard what was passing, they as sembled together, and after addressing their prayers to the Supreme Being, said, What ! you will assassinate us ! When have we refused - to help you—to load your muskets when youifought on the ramparts ? How often have we fallen on the enemy sword in hand ? In place of killing p us, give us: arms, and we shall know how to die gloriously.' "This Thia address changed our resolution ; we chose 800 of the strongest women, and we gave them arms, - she men amounted only to 3,000. The next day we attacked the infidels, called on the name of Gro33 Gon was with us, he redoubled our courage, and we succeeded at length in beating the Turks, and in chaiing them from Souli. In this battle the women fought armed with muskets and pikes. They took 255 prisoners ; on our part, we took 1,100 men, and four pieces of cannon ; and we lest 107 men and 17 women." , STUTGARDT, OCT. T lie Swabian Mercury contains the following article : " A German Office!, returned from the Mores, has commu nicated to us, ,on the state of the Philhellenic corps of Greece, the following particulars : " lip to July 24, the day of his departure, there had ar r:ved n the Morea 47 Prussians, 19 Wurtemburghers, 15 Ham burghers, 11 Saxons, 10 Swiss, 9 Bavarians, 9 Hessians, 8 natives of Baden, 6 Austrians, 4 Brunswickers, 1 Hanoverian, and 1 Spaniard, in all 144 men, whose names he gives. Be - - sides the two of whom the newspapers have already given an ac count, there perished in fighting against the infidels Lieuts. de. Ruzen and. de Heinemann near Zeituni ; Lieut. h ichara, near Modon ; and Lieut. Stra ldendorf, near Athens. &mien,. of Hamburgh, died at Argos. Iwanowikish perished by ship wreck near Negropont. . Sixty had quitted Greece before July 24. The other Philhellanians are in the corps of Normann, of whom the author of this letter has heard nothing, not having been in this corps. It must be remarked that in this enumera tion the French and Italians arc not included, who are very nu merous in Greece. This Officer also did not know how many Swiss and Germans are in the corps of General Normann, who did not land in the Morea. According to the report of another Officer, also come from Greece, the corps of Gen. Normann suf fered very much in the months ofJunc and July, but the names of those who perished have not been published.' " FRONTIERS OF MOLDAVIA, OCT. 3.—The last fire destroyed 3,400 houses belonging to Greek and Armenian Christians. In this manner the Mahomedans revenge on the innocent the loss which the late ordinance relative to the value of money causes them. _ _ FRANKFORT, OCT. 21.-MLICh is said of the interview which the Spanish Charge d'Affaires has had with the Duke of Wellington. Some, say that he made official . Complaints concerning•the army of observation, but this is very impro bable : others say that he merely had a friendly conversation with the Duke, to whom he has long been known. It is, however, certain that the Charge d'Affaires has affirmed that he was assured that England would not suffer any attack on Spain, except that the life of the King should be endangered. Other persons say that the Noble Duke has spoken also with energy of the case of •the Spanish Revolutionists endeavouring to trouble the tranquillity of other countries. Agreeably to what was agreed on at Laybach, the Congress will be occupied most .probably with some definite regulation of the different in terests of Italy. Perhaps, how.ever t this affair will rather be coMalered as the object of an ar rangement between Austria and the Sovereigns of Italy, under the mediation of Russia. M. de Montnigo, Russian Minister to Turin, in .1820, and -at that time . - very intimate with the Duke de Dalberg, and` with Prince Carignan°, is at the Congress..- The evacuation of Piedmont seems probable; that of Naples will depend, perhaps, on the opinion entertained of the. state of Spain, where General Pepe, and the intendant, LUcente, are forming projects little .dangerous of themselves,, but which may, however, cause momentary troubles.—(La Quo thlienne.) SPAIN. INIADRID, OCT. 18.—News has just been re ceived from Catalonia by an extraordinary courier. The Chief of the Staff of the Army of the Faith, Military Governor of Urgel, presented himself at our posts, and demanded pardon and an asylum. Ile is the bearer of a voluminous correspondence, which discovers the participation of several per- Sons residing in the country occupied by our troops. In cobsequence of his defection some of the principal persons who were about the soi disant Regency have re-entered France ; and General Mina has given orders to arrest some Monks and Priests of Barcelona, Gitionne, Reus, and. "Tarragona. CORTES, SATURDAY, OCT. 12. :TATS OF THE NATION. While the Cortes were proceeding with the discussion of the mititary code, the Secretaries of State arrived. The debate being immediately suspended, the Minister for the Interior.addressed the Cortes in the following terms : The Government is now about to explain to you the causes which have produced the present state of the nation, together with the remedies which are, in its opinion, calculated to di minish the evils which are felt. The individual who now has the honour to address the Congress, will, with their permission, read a brief exposition of what he has here indicated. He then ascended the tribune, and read a succinct memoir, n which he took a review, first, of the causes which have pro duced the present state of nation, and next, of the remedies which, in the opinion of the Government, would be sufficient to lessen the evil. With respect to the first object, he began by saying, that though in all political changes some shocks are in evitable, they are only momemtary ; and as the wise provisions of the Cortes had removed many of thcobstacles which were op posed to the public felicity, that consequently other causes more remote must have influenced the state of the nation. Among these may be reckoned the ignorance and wretchedness of a great part of the Spanish population—the excessive influence of the Clergy in many parts—the indifference with which some of the magistrates and authorities, civil and municipal, have regarded the public cause—the bad example of some of the Chiefs of the Royal Guard—and the machinations of some foreign agents. Ignorance is one of the greatest evils which afflict the Spanish nation ; the education of the labouring classes-being intrusted to persons and corporations whose interests were in direct oppo sition to the progress of knowledge—they either neglected to instruct them, or attended to them only to imbue the minds of their pupils with absurd and erroneous principles. In this par.. ticular the Cortes have furnished a remedy by the dispositions adopted in the general plan : but as the progress of instruction is so slow, the good effects of their provisions cannot be felt so soon as might be wished. The greater part of the inhabitants of various provinces have no other patrimony than their implements of agriculture and the vigour of their arms. This, in conjunction with the disas ters occasioned by the late war of independence, the devouring rapacity of the Go4ernments of six years, the insurrection of the provinces beyond the seas, to the great ruin of trade - and industry, and the scarcity experienced in several provinces, has occasioned the misery of many citizens, which those wretches who sought to recover the importance which the old abuses heve them, and which they lost by the dominion of the law, ave taken advantage of, by misleading many unhappy crea. tures who have been forced by necessity to enlist themselves in the ranks of treason, in order to obtain at their own hazard nourishment for their families. If the measures destined for the internal protection of the nation, and for the useful worki, such as canals, roads, &c., had been rendered effective, those deluded wretches would have found a subsistence without any risk, and would not have swelled the bands of the infamous Eroles, and other defenders of abuses and prejudices. The Cortes are not ignorant of the existence of a class of per sons who, rendered invulnerable by particular laws, formed an independent state in the midst of the state itself. The im mense riches, to the enjoyment of which they had arrived, the eminent posts they obtained, and the favour and protection which the Government afforded them, joined to the enormous privileges which they enjoyed,. for the space of many centuries, place d thein for a long time in the situation of acting as the regulators of the nation and the arbiters of families. The Cortes, by their decrees of reform, and others which have forlheir object the legal equality of citizens, santloned by ,the general wish of enlightened persons, and approved by the irresistible torrent of public opinion, have excited the indigna.. 4