The Sun. — London, England, 1853-12-15 00:00:00

LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.-DEC. 13. (Sittings at Nisi Prius at Guildhall, before Lord Campbell and Common Juries.) COX V. THE AUSTRALIAN ROYAL MAIL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY.-THE VOYAGE OF THE MELBOURNE. The Attorney-General , Sir F. Thesiger, and Mr. Hayes appeared for the plaintiff. Mr. Sergeant Byles, with Mr. Bovill, represented the defendants. This was an action brought by Captain Cox, the com mander of the steam-vessel the Melbourne, the history of which is now so well known, to recover 4001., the amount of salary to which he wont have been entitled if he had proceeded with the ship to Australia, and also for damages for his improper dismissal at Lisbon. The defendants pleaded, in substance, that the plaintiff had been dismissed because he was incompetent to discharge his duties. The Attorney-General opened the case, and related in considerable detail all the disaster which befel the Melbourne, from the time of her being purchased from the Admiralty by Mr. Scott Russell, up to the time when she was obliged to put into Lisbon, in order to show that Captain Cox had done everything he could to insure the safety of the ship and the comfort of the pas- sengers. Before the learned counsel had concluded his openini, statement, an arrangement was effected between the parties, that a verdict should be entered for the plaintiff for 4001. The Attorney-General observed that his client had come into court, not merely for the purpose of obtain ing the money, but also in order to vindicate his charac ter. The company had dismissed him at Lisbon without assigning any cause for so doing, and he had brought this action. Their answer had been that they were jus tified in dismissing him on account of his incompetence. He had stated to them the circumstances out of which the action arose, and they may judge whether there was any foundation for the charge. The company were now willing that the verdict should be entered for the plain tiff for 4001. • This was all in point of money that the plaintiff could claim, but his learned friend must be taken by this verdict to have admitted that he could not sustain the plea of incompetence and misconduct, and his client's object was therefore answered. Mr. Serjeant Byles was happy to be able to release the jury from such a long and painful inquiry as this must have been. He had felt that the company might have a difficulty in proving the plea they had put on the record, but the jury must remember they had now only heard one side, and they must not attach too much credit to an exparte statement. Lord Campbell—l abstain from making the slightest reflection on the conduct of the company, but I think it should be understood that Captain Cox is a skilful, attentive, and stout-hearted seaman. Verdict for the plaintiff for 4001. TUE MAYOR AND CORPORATION OF LONDON v. MORGAN.- _ ALLEGED MISCONDUCT OF A STOCKBROKER. The Attorney-General, with Mr. H. Hill and Mr. Pollock, appeared for the plaintiffs ; Mr. Serjeant Wilkins, with Mr. Bramwell and Mr. Hawkins, for the defendant. This was an action to recover 1,0001., brought upon a bond by which the defendant had undertaken to per form the duties of a broker of the City of London in .a proper manner, without fraud or deceit, to keep a broker's book, and not to make any profit out of the transactions in which he might be engaged as broker, except the usual broker's commission. It was alleged that the defendant had broken this bond, by his conduct in a transaction with Captain lngleheld, R.N. The de fendant pleaded several pleas, denying in substance that he had acted fraudulently or improperly. It appeared from the statement of Captain Inglefield, who was the first witness for the plaintiffs, that at the beginning of May, 1852, he went into the City in order to purchase some shares in the Sodlth Australian Copper Mining Company, and as he was looking for the offices of the company he was accosted by a person named Wilks, who, having ascertained his business, handed him a card of the defendant's, who is a stockbroker. Ile went to the office of the company, but not having been able to obtain the shares he wanted, as he was unknown to the directors, he came out, when he again met Mr. Wilks, who took him to the defen fendant's office, at 2, Copthall-court. The defendant being given to understand that Captain Inglefield was desirous of purchasing shares in the company, was asked by Captain Inglefield to find out their market price. He accordingly went out, and shortly afterwards returned with the information that they were at A premium and rising. After some further conversation, Capt. Ingle field gave the defendant a written order to procure 2,000 shares at the market price. He then left the office, and on the following •day went back and saw the defendant, who said he had obtained 1,900 shares, and that he would obtain the other 100 for the next account. He gave a written statement of the prices he had paid, from which it appeared that the shares cost altogether, in cluding commission, the sum of 3,0261. ss. The last 100 shares were to cost 1671. 10s. Captain Inglefield gave directions to the defendant to sell out some government stock, in order to make up this amount, for which he gave the defendant two cheques, and the scrip was de livered to him in the usual course. Soon afterwards Captain Inglefield went on a voyage to the Arctic regions, from which he returned on the 10th November, 1852, when be joined the direction of the company, at the suggestion of his solicitor, who was also the solicitor to the company. Upon seeing their papers and books, he had reason to believe that the shares had not been purchased in the market, but from the directors, and he therefore directed inquiries to be instituted. In May last he went again to the Arctic regions, in command of the expedition of three ships then despatched by the Government, and on his return these proceedings were commenced. From the statement of Mr. Armitage, one of the directors of the company, it appeared that the defendant had paid him for 1,700 shares by a cheque of 3,0261. 55., and he had returned 6881. 15s. that being the difference between the price actually paid by the defen dant and the price he had charged Captain Inglefield. The other 200 shares had been allotted to the defendant himsel„ and who had resold them to Captain Inglefield. The Court of Aldermen had been petitioned, and, having inquired into the case, directed the action to be brought. Captain Inglefield had also commenced an action against the defendant, which had been referred to arbitration, and had not yet been decided. The defendant's account of the transaction was, that when Captain Inglefield had come to his office, he had warned him against these shares ; but finding he was bent on buying them, he had gone, by Captain'lngle field's consent, t o a ir. Murray, who had said he world take 20s. premium on 2,000 shares. He had then wished to give up the business, as the shares could nei ther be obtained in the market nor from Mr. Murray ; but he suggested that perhaps one of the directors might turn against the " rig" of the market for their indivi dual benefit, and Captain Inglefield agreed to this course being taken. Shortly after Captain Inglefield's depar ture, Mr. Wilks (who had been present at the inter view) returned, and said he might get some shares of a Mr. Duppa, a director of the company, and asked what the defendant would give him if he did so. The de fendant said he should have the market price. He re turned on the same day and said he could get 1,000 shares if Mr. Duppa was satisfied he would be paid for them, and that they would not go into the market. They both then went to Mr. Duppa, who agreed to sell 1,000 shares. The defendant afterwards agreed to give Mr. Wilks Ss. 9d. premium for 500, and 10s. for 500 of them—that being, as he told Mr. Wilks, the market price. He afterwards went to a Mr. Buckingham, w h o let him have 700 at 12s. 6d. On the following d ay Mr. Armitage had asked whose name should be put in the body of the scrip ; and, having seen Wilks, he told him to insert the name of Captain Inglefield. Mr. Armitage subsequently handed over the shares to him, and he paid for them. He said that he had no personal interest in the contract. The remaining 300 shares he obtained from Mr. Wilks at a premium of 12s. 6d. Out of the money handed over to him by Mr. Armitage, 87/. 108. had gone to Mr. Buckingham, 3311. ss. to Mr. Wilks, and 1371. 108. to a Mr. Bensuson, who had given up some of the last 300 shares. He had received nothing beyond 1001. commission for the 2,000 shares. Mr. Buckingham is now dead, and Mr. Wilks was proved to be so unwell that he could not undergo an examination. Mr. Duppa and Mr. Bensuson were called in support of the defendant's case. The Attorney-General having replied. Lord Campbell summed up. His lordship said the commerce of this great city was much in the hands of brokers, and it was very material that they should be placed under proper control. Hitherto they had given bonds for good conduct, and the Lord Mayor and the Court of Aldermen had exercised their jurisdiction in taking care that those bonds were not broken. It was of the last importance that brokers, who were open to great temptations, should strictly and honourably per form their functions ; and above all, that in no transac tion in which a broker was employed as broker, lie sheuld derive any profit beyond his brokerage. He ttught there were reasonable grounds for bringing action, but they were to say whether the case made out by the plaintiffs had not been answered by the de fendants. - The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.—Dec. 14. N E C -,,,,--. the Recorder.) Elizabeth (Before Elizabeth Bart, 29, spinster, was indicted for stealing a cloth, 100 p ieces of bread, Fiar n, her master, and • meat, the property of Ed war o m spice, and a piece of sister, two re- Melina Millar, and Angelina g the out on bail, spectable looking women, who had herl were indicted with her, for receivin same knowing it to have been stolen. The prosecutor is a gentleman livin g upon perty, at Lewisham , and the p risoner, Elizabheth, his cook. cook. Upon the 9th of this month he wa s watching was outside of his premise s, when he saw the tw o other prisoners come up. Millar threw a stone at the kitchen window, upon which his cook came and let them in. They remained about half an hour, and when they came out the prosecutor and a policeman stopped them and found they had two small wine bottles filled with milk and a quantity of small scraps of broken bread tied up in an old and not very clean cloth. They said ...._ 1) their sister, the cook, had given them to them. They i ti were :then given into custody, and their respective i gt:_ ko ,4::: , : ‘ l2ouses, and the cook's boxes searched, but nothing t eA„.,V . ~z...' Found belonging to the prosecutor. 0 _„ ~.. The policeman corroborated this evidence, and pro ,' i •:Y., t 4),7 : duccrl the. stolen property, which consisted of a quantity tit:l.,:i . - , , t , ,#/,',3:• - of brok - en bread, the greater part in very small piece; ; Y;, t:.. ~)i- r - -. lle bone of a mutton chop, with a small quantity ( f 4, 4 4Wrineat attached to it, and some spice, which the prosecutor 4-" , ! .. .r....1.1id not swear to. 'r. -- 2(;,',1,. 1 , ( TF.: ..: Cross-examined by Mr. Parry—,l do not know whether THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING- 1 ,DECEMBER 15, 1853. the milk was skim milk ; it was all spoilt the next morning. Mr. Parry—There was a piece of beet-root ; what became of that ? Witness—Why, that being biled, got smashed. (Much laughter.) Mr. Legh recalled—l keep cows, and make my own butter. The skim milk and such pieces as these ought to go into the tub for the pigs' keep. The prisoner, my cook, said they were some of those pieces, and some of the skim milk for the pig tub which she had given her sisters. She said so at the station. The Recorder—The pigs should have been the prose cutors. _ Mr. Parry, addressing the jury, said that however much he might deprecate any pilfering upon the part of servants, still he did not envy the feelings of any man who could press on so paltry a prosecution against a servant who had been in his service for some time, and who had borne a good character. She had acted im properly there was no doubt, and the prosecutor had been instigated to do this from representations made to him, but when he found how matters were he should not have followed it up. The Recorder said there was no case against Miller and Angelina Hart. They were all acquitted. Hospital was handed to the magistrate, stating that she was now out of danger. The prisoner said that he was very sorry for what had happened, but he was greatly exasperated at the time, and he understood that it was not the wish of the complainant to prefer any charge against him. Mr. D'Eyncourt ordered the prisoner to be commit. ted and kept to hard labour for six months. ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. At the last meeting of this society, the Earl of Elles mere, president in the chair, Viscount Ranelagh, Mr. Montague Gore, and Mr. William Stretfield were elected fellows. The paper read was the second portion of the "Passes of the Balkie, or Mount Hmmus ; with a descriptien of the defiles through the celebrated mountain range, and a comparison of the routes pursued by Darius Hystaspes, Alexander the Great, and Marshal Diebith," by Lieut.- General Jochmus ; communicated by Sir Roderick I. Murchison :4 The insurrection of the Bulgarians of the Balkan was one of the most important events of the Russian war. They may, however, become most useful allies in the formidable mountain barrier which seperates the plains of Bulgaria from those of Rumuli, and which is occupied in about equal numbers of Bulgarians and Turks, both brave and warlike, though the latter are more accus tomed to the use of arms. Amongst these the records of their history under their ancient independent Krals or Kings are not extinct. They are proud of their valorous resistance to the Turks, whose haughty Sultan, Murad 1., married the daughter of Sisman, King of Bul garia; they remember, also, their conquests and wars against the decaying Greco-Byzantines, whom they drove back to within the Anaatasian Wall, which extends from the Euxine to the Sea of Marmora. To military ob servers it will appear a curious fact that the peaceful Bulgarian peasantry is still encamped in a kind of mili tary order of battle from the Anastasian Wall to the Balkan. Parallel to this ancient line of fortifications runs an uncultivated neutral territory ; next comes another parallel of small hamlets, evidently chosen as outlying posts of observation and piquets. Midia, Serai, and Tzorlu, a line of stations of advanced guards, are already villages and little towns of some importance, whilst the main body occupies the largo towns and the plains to the foot of the Balkan, where a second line and reserves are stationed in the mountains. The Byzantine Greeks not being able during the long decay of the empire, to drive back the Bulgarians, these warlike tribes began to cultivate per manently the land round their military stations up to the time when they were conquered in their turn by the Turkish sultans, and disarmed by their orders, continu ing henceforward only their agricultural pursuits. The more intelligent persons amongst the Bulgarians and Illyrians sneer at the idea of a Greek empire at Constan tinople, of which some people have dreamt at Athens, and even in Europe. The sturdy Siavonian races call the Greco-Byzantines " Taushans," or hares, and hold them fit, not to fight, but to be grammaticos (clerks), bakals (grocers), tailors, and coasting traders. It cer tainly is a curious fact, corroborating these popular no tions, that the fighting men who accomplished the Greek independence, from 1821 to 1829, were not the Moreotes and the other Greco-Byzantines, but the hardier Alba nian and northern races. I have sometimes heard Grivas and other chieftains style the Moreotes " our Rayahs." That 6,000,000 of Sclavonic race, living in compact bo dies south of the Danube, should submit to 900,000 Greco-Byzantines, whom they esteem their inferiors, scattered in all directions over European Turkey, is a manifest absurdity, which originates in the error of super ficial observers, who style and consider the Slavonic races as " Greeks" because the great majority of them are of the "Greek" religion. The Christian Rayahs would remain subject to the Porte much rather than sub mit themselves to any privileged caste of their own. OCT. 12.—From Selimn6 to Stareka, 6,1- hours —Soon after leaving the town the Neikokoi road strikes off to the right, and a mule track, leading from Selimn6 to Be broya, is seen winding in the mountains on the left. There exists besides a cart-road from Selim ne to Bebrova by the pass or Bogas of Ketenlith (one hour west of Se lirrind) our road to Stareka is a mule track, occasionally used by carts fetching fire-wood and timber. The whole ascent is very steep. Right and left near the road steep naked rocks command the upper defile. On the left of the road an immense amphitheatre of ranges of the Balkan tower above each other in westerly directions. The Demirkapee, or Iron-gate-pass itself (hours from Selimn6), scarcely deserve its name, being a small stony projection, whence a rapid descent, through thick forests leads in half an hour to the small village of Stareka, where we rated for the night. OCT. 13.—From Stareka to the Monastery of St. Nicola, are eight hours. There are two good cartroads from Stareka to Bebrova, the northern one leading by Bulgakoi to Upper Bebrova, the southern by Ereseli to Lower Bebrova, also called Parikler, either distance being three and a half hours. Our southern line of march takes us in one hour .by Zurtkoi and Ereseli through well cultivated grounds to Lower Bebrova. The distant Balkans are covered with forest, showing at intervals open patches of turf. The farthest mountain range appears clad in snow since yesterday, and detaches itself in great magnificence on the deep blue sky, whilst the nearer valleys and glens retain their dark green, set off by the variegated autumnal hues of the groves and fruit trees that surround the prosperous farms. For two hours more the scenery and appearance of the country continue the same as far as Illenia, a large and industrious Bulgarian town of six hundred houses. Its staple manufacture is linen, and the coarse cloth called aba. Beyond this place the detached farms cease, whilst an hour and a half more brings us to the small village of Jakowzy, charmingly situated at the en trance of the deep Bogas of Monastir. This strong defile is full an hour long. OR its eastern and western en trance are two guardhouses, in each a couple of Turkish derwendshides, supposed to look out for the safety of the traveller and merchant. A causeway, originally Roman, but often repaired in different ages, runs all along the derwend. Through the whole narrow and richly-wooded pass, in its course towards the lantra, precipitous rocks command continual windings of the road. The height of the mountains forming this splen did gorge may be computed at between 700 and 800 feet from the bed of the river. At the outlet of the Monastir Bogas the convent of St, Nicola offers a comfortable halting-place for those en route to Tirnova. This town is too distant to be reached in one day from Stareka, either by Lower Bebrova and the Monastir Bogas, or by the nearly parallel northern road of Upper Bebrova by Karagatch and by the Minda Bogas, which pierces the mountains two hours north from Nicola. OCT. 14.—From St. Nicola to Tirnova, 3 hours.— Tirnova has at present 1,500 Christian and 2,500 Turk ich houses, and about 20,000 inhabitants, 8 churches, 2 schools, together with 20 Turkish mosques, mektebs, and baths. Situated in a deep valley along the rapid and winding course of the lantra, its various quarters, as well as the old Roman and Bulgarian castle, are com manded on all sides by sheep mountains and crags. Aba cloth, raw silk and wool, besides all the necessaries of life are abundant ; the bazaar is supplied with great quantities of inferior German wares and manufactures coming down the Danube. The English are beginning to enter into competition by establishing large and well sorted depots at Varna, with a view to supply the inte rior markets. At present the governor of a province is paid, it is true, by the Imperial Treasury, whilst in former days he paid the Government, and then tried to repay himself by the collection of the revenue of his district. The new system, no doubt, is an immense improvement in theory, but in reality the governor now helps himself as well as formerly, by all sorts of un derhand monopolies. Hussein Paella, of Widdin, for in stance, is nearly as exclusive a tradesman in Bulgaria as was Mehemet Ali in Egypt. He has secured for this year the district of Tirnova, although it lies forty-eight hours from Widdin, and only eiglreen hours from Rust schuk, also the seat of a pacha of three tails. Selimn6, upon the same principle, has alternately belonged to the administration of Silistria, on the Danube, or of Adrian ople, on the Hebrus. Even the minor districts are not exempt from these distinctive transmutations. Achlyid has been exploited in succession by the Pachas of Varna and of Kirk-Kelesia. The fact is, that at Constantinople they do not know where many districts are situated ; influence and bribery decide the question. OCT. 15.—A road due north leads from Tirnova, by a rocky defile and Roman causeway, to Armout Koi, just above the town, or rather its suburb. Thence the various meandering footpaths and reads to Ravditza were crowded' with groups of Turks and Bulgarians, men, women, and children, all moving to the weekly fair (Fri days and Saturdays), at that extensive borough (400 tiled houses). As far as the eye could reach the roads were covered with oxen, buffaloes, horses, and carts. Sedate Bulgarian women and light-hearted gipsy girls were riding on donkeys and mules. I calculated that more than 10,000 people, and upwards of 2,500 carts were assembled at Ravditza. A great many gipsies, or Zinganis, being collected at Rarditza, I tried there, as I had already been doing ever since my travels in the Bal kan, to obtain some information about the soi disant metropolis of the gipsies in this part of Turkey, which Mr. Barrow mentions as having been taken by the Russians in 1829, after a desperate resistance, but all the answers were, uniformly, that such a place never existed. OCT. 16.—From Ajo Nicola to Hassan Faki 12 hours. As far as Slatar, which lies on the banks of an affluent of the lantra, the road lies over cultivated open ground. Beyond Slater there is a gradual ascent to Jenikoi, through a fine richly wooded and watered, carefully cultivated undulating plain, abounding in produce of every kind maize, corn, wine, fruits, and tobacco. Between Jenikoi and Djulun we cross a narrow projection of the Balkan, and follow then the northern coast of another affluent of the 'antra, through a wooded defile, along the western bank of the rivulet, which is said to abound in fish. Numerous herds of horses, cows, buffaloes, sheep, and goats enliven the scenery. Between Mindr and Slatar are straggling farms, like those described between Stareka and Beb:ova. The security of those districts, inhabited nearly exclusively by Bulgarians, is evidently much greater than that existing in the Cases of mixed popula tion, especially where Greeks are interspersed. We meet, en route, several groups of Zinganis, singing and happy. The younger women and girls appeared to be in particularly good humour. The Balkan is their favourite resort, though they are little molested any where else in Turkey, particularly when compared to their persecution in Spain and other Christian countries. The tolerance of religious sects in the Ottoman empire is generally remarkable, but it is founded on the assumed superiority of the Musulman creed over all other reli gions. The Djulun, an affluent of the lantra, is usually fordable during all seasons, yet a ferry boat is kept in readiness during the winter and early spring at the sta tion of Djulun. It can, however, only cross one horse at the time. OCT. 17.—The road from Hassan Faki to Osman Bazar runs through cultivated undulations of the Indge Bair. We pass Ituffat, the heap of a beautiful valley, the waters of which still flow into the la.ntra, river. Oeman Bazar, a considerable and thriving borough, with several mosques and baths, and a Turkish fountain of ancient materials, lies in a sheltered position, and is surrounded by fine vineyards and fruit gardens. It is a post station on the main road from Rut shuk to Kazgan, Selimne, and Adrianople. Parts of an old Roman causeway are still visible. From Osman. Bazer the ground ascends for two hours to the first Der• vend guard-house at Jeshilol. We met two Tschor bashis, or primates, from Kasan, on their way to Osman Bazar. They were accompanied by a common police soldier of Omer Pacha's. Between Czatak and Kasan there are again two Dervend guard-houses. Between these Dervend houses is a first-rate military position, on detached rather steep barren heights, extending in a crescent of one mile and a quarter, facing north. The main road winds from E.N.E. to W,S.W. along the foot of the position, then right through it, over open ground. A brisk descent for half an hour brings you to Kann. No wood right or left. The immediate neighbourhood of Kasan is also bare, with the exception of Kiz tepd (already described) and the western mountain range. The valley of Kasan is rich in pasture, but too cold for vines. OCT. 18.—After having heard the direct road from Kasan to Czali Kayak, by Karatler, described as very difficult, and not to be chosen on account of the unsettled state of the weather, we resumed our former road from Kasan by Papas Kol, through the valley of the Delhi Kamslick, as far as Sadowah. From Malanitch down wards towards Kamshik Mahalessi, the bed of the river runs through a very narrow, steep defile, mostly between abrupt rocks and crags, It is everywhere fordable. The road to Rubsha leads over the high mountain range, which here hems in the river. Turning off nearly due north, towards Czali Kayak, the village of Rubsha ap pears on the left, forming, with Muradddr6, part of a strong military position of 1,000 to 1,200 yards extent, facing east towards the Dobral main road, and eventually of strategical importance, as it forms the junction of vari ous roads. One hour and a half's march from the above mentioned point of intersection takes us through a great wooded defile, and half an hour more, over an undulating plains brings us, after dark, to Czali Kayak. This great mountain defile is generally from 40 to 100 yards broad, the military road being nowhere encased more narrowly than ten yards, and made practicable for heavy baggage trains. The mountain slopes, between 300 and 400 feet high, are not very steep, but of difficult ascent, on ac count of the large trees and the thick underwood. Czali Kayak is a poor hamlet of SO houses, but before the war which terminated in 1774 it contained 700 families, many of whom emigrated subsequently into Russia. From Czali Kayak, a direct mountain path to Kasan (nine hours) is very rough and precipitous. From Czali Kayak to Shunila by the main road, viz., Smiadova, is eight hours. OCT. 19.—Immediately north of Chenga is a fine mili tary position of about 900 yards extent, and facing north. It covers the road to Czali Kayak and to Sudshiler, but it can be turned by its left, through the gorge, by which passes a direct road from Jenikoi to Mrege. Cara Ah med also offers a fine military position, in a semicircle of 1,200 to 1,500 yards, facing N.N.E., and covering the Kamshik and the position of Chenga. Near this important strategical spot the forest is crossed by several roads from Chenga across the Buyuk Kamshik river. OCT. 20.—From Koprikoy to Cadikoy. At Koprikoy a narrow wooden bridge crosses the river, and near it is a ford two or three feet. The village itself is newly built. It was burnt in 1829, as the Aga here told me, by order of Ali Pasha, before the arrival of General Riidiger with the first Russian column that forced the passage of the Balkan. The various military lines crossing that cele brated mountain ridge, hitherto considered as an efficient protective barrier to Constantidople, having been duly reconnoitred by Russian staff-officers in 1829, it is probable that the Russian armies, should any war occur again, will operate on a plan very dif ferent from that of the campaign of 1828-29, when the Balkan was nearly unexplored. The positions of Shumla, and Varna alone, as hitherto occupied by the Turks in their defensive operations against a northern enemy, are very far from covering the Balkan passages, as now known and examined. The position taken up by Ali Pasha in 1829, near Koprikoy, was weak, and the first serious onset of General Rudiger obliged the Turks to abandon it. From Parawadi a good cart-road leads across our morning's line of march to Kumavova, and thence by Jenikoi directly to Mrege, by a ford of the Akylly Kamshik. From Markovsha, to Kulevdja we rode over high undulating land partly covered with brush and underwood. A moderate descent from the heights above Kulevdja leads into the plains of Shumla. At 20 minutes from Kulevdja the road to Shurnla leads over the Baskbunar by a Roman arch, and immediately af terwards we reach an ancient fountain. About three dozen Tepee, or tumuli, are scattered over the plains between Kulevdja and Shumla. OCT. 21, AT SnuatnA.—The Governor of Shumla gives the number of Turkish houses to be 5,000, and those of the Christians are computed at 1,000 ; the number of in habitants ought therefore to be from 25,000 to 30,000. Formerly the Turks alone amounted to 35,000, besides 6,000 Christians. There are in Shumla 30 mosques and baths, Greek and 1 Armenian church, and 3 Bulgarian schools, with masters from the normal establishment of Kasan. There are also 2 barracks for the garrison, 1 for the infantry, and 1 for the cavalry, besides a new hospital, all built of stone. The forts in the plain and one on the heights are modern constructions. OCT. 22.—The main road from Shumla to Madara leads near the latter village over a Roman arch thrown across the Parawadi river, Close to Madara, a little to the south, appears the village of Kulevdja. An hour beyond Madara lies Kasb4hen, and we pass some minor villages of mixed population. From Kashb6hen to Weishera a long defile stretches for four hours between calcareous hills, about 200 feet high, from the bed of the Parawadi river, which runs in a narrow valley, on an average a couple of 'hundred yards wide. At Welshera, eight hours from Shumla, the main road divides, one branch striking off to Varna nearly due east, and the other to Parawadi, S.S.E., along the river of that name. Ma dam, Kulevdja. and Parawadi were destroyed during the war of 1828-29. OCT. 23.—From Parawadi, the highway to Varna lies by the northern shores of the lake of Dewni ; but the cart-road, by the southern shore of that sheet of water, being of considerable military importance, I recon noitered it by the route leading through the plain, and nearly parallel to the course of the Parawadi river to Testeshi, and thence, in one hour more, to Shukur Ko pri, or the Bridge of Thanks, across the same Jiver, so called because travellers, having passed the woods be tween Varna and Shukur Kopri, are supposed to return thanks to Allah for not having been plundered or mur dered. OCT. 24.—Close to Varna, the direct highway to Si listria strikes off through the mountains, which run pa rallel to the lakes of Devno ; and another road to Silis tria, through these same mou n t a i ns , b ranc h es off from the Upper Parawadi road, between and just above the village of Cadi KO . ]: and Jenidshe Koi. From Buyuk Aladin (north of the Devno lake), a road leads, in one hour, to Jeni Bekschi Koi, on the southern banks of the lake. There are, en route, two mills on the principal branch of the Parawadi river, which connects the western and eastern lakes of Devno, and inundates between them a marshy ground, more or less extended, according to the dry or wet season. The main run of the river and a late ral branch which falls into the eastern Devno lake just be low the village of Buyuk Aladin form an island, which is mentioned in the action between Alexander the Great and the Triballians, in his march towards the Danube. The Parawadi river has its head waters in the moun tains north of Shumla. It falls into the minor, or west ern, lake of Devno, near the village of Jeni Bekschi (on its southern shore), traverses the south-eastern angle of the lake, and runs into the larger or eastern of these lakes, whence the river discharges itself by a broad stream into the Black Sea, along the foot of the south ern walls of the fortress of Varna. The distance from the eastern shore of the lake to the Black Sea is about half an English mile, and the breadth of land between the two lakes, according to the heights of the floods, in the dry or wet season, from one mile to a mile and a half. The Parawadi river runs nearly parallel to the Haemus and to the Danube, and considering that from Varna as well as from Parawadi the distance to Silistria is computed at twenty-four hours, or three days' march, there can be no doubt but that the Parawadi river is the Lygines, described by Arrain as "distat id ab Istro, si quis Aemum versus proficiscatur, itinere tridui." From the sense and the words of the historian, it is evi dent that he speaks of a river running in the same di rection with the Danube, at a distance of three days, and not falling into the Ister, or Danube, as the Lygi nos is represented by some authorities, as well as on the great Austrian map, where this ancient river is made to fall into the Danube at Dshibra Palanka, between Niko. poli and Widdin, opposite to some small islands. 00T. 25.- -The modern fortifications of Varna, recon structed since 1828-29, have not, in my opinion, strength ened the place. On the contrary, the bastioned enceinte has been considerably extended, and although the lines may thus hold a larger garrison, the defences of the northern side have been brought by several hundred yards nearer to the heigkts, from whence they can be most efficiently battered. The weakest point of the new fortress is now its north-eastern angle ; the more exposed to a successful attack, as ships of war can approach and enfilade within about seven hundred yards. The main attacks of the Russians in 1828 against the old fortress -was from the north. They had also a strong corps, established south of Varna. Their cornmunication was kept *up by the fords of the Parawadi or Lyginos river between the two lakes -of Devno (three hours from Varna). On the point they had also a pontoon bridge ; and besides, an easy communication of two and a half to three miles by water, for messengers in boats, across the lake, in any part, beyond the immediate reach of the guns of the fortress. Formerly a stone bridge had been thrown over the Lyginos near the above fords, and close to the mills between Buyuk Aladin and Jeni Bekschi Kei, but the inhabitants of the latter place have de stroyed the bridge, in order that troops, Government messengers, and travellers might not be induced to go by their village to Parawadi, a road near by about a quarter of an hour than the present highway by the northern shore of the upper lake of Devno. It is super fluous to add that on the arrival of the Austrian steamer from Galatz we embarked in the afternoon of the 25th of October for Constantinople, and a pleasant run in a smooth sea brought us to the Bosphorus and Golden Horn in good time next day. At the conclusion of the paper, the CHAIRMAN ex pressed the thanks of the society to General Jochmus, and inquired whether any military gentleman present could account for the manner in which Darius and other great military leaders mabaged to carry large armies over the Balkan without the extensive commissariats which were considered indispensable in modern warfare ? Colonel EVEREST observed that the invading armies if Darius and Alexander the Great availed themselves of the stores of provisions hoarded by the inhabitants of the villages and towns which were scattered through the mountain, and that their progress was facilitated by the divisions among the tribes by which the districts were peopled. In fact, Darius and Alexander had never in vaded a country where there was combined action among the inhabitants. Dr. COLQIIIIOIIN said he had known General.Joehmus, and no military .r 044 was hatter . qualified to describe the Balkan. Lord RADSTOOK was anxious to be informed whether it would be impossible to make a connection between the elbow of the Danube and the Black Sea near Sills. tria, as it was generally supposed the Romans had con templated, and which would obviate the inconvenience arising from the closing of the mouth of the river by the Russians. . - - • Dr. COLQIIHOUN stated that, J in consequence of the height at which the land ranged, he believed such a pro ject wholly impracticable: Among the noblemen* and gentlemen pesent were Admiral Lord Radstock, the Earl of Sheffield, Lord de Manley, Sir David Dundas, Sir Robert Peel, Colonel Everest, Professor Herman Avich, of St. Petersburg, &c., &c. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH, Du. 14. The Medea, 6, paddle-wheel •steam-sloop, Comman der Phillimore, took in her powder and shell at Spit head to-day. A party of shipwrights commenced breaking up the Growler paddle-sloop to-day. A Dutch frigate arrived in Cowes Roads in the night, and this morning hoisted the British ensign at her fore, and saluted, with 21 guns, the Royal Standard at Osborne. The Russian corvette Navarin will be another week in dock (she arrived here on the 15th of October !) before she is seaworthy again. The shipwrights report her bottom to be in a very bad state. The crew of the Rifleman, 8, Lieutenant-Commander Christian, were paid wages at Spithead to-day. The Prospero, paddle-wheel steam-tender, put in here for coals this morning, on her passage to Deptford. The Gorgon, 6, paddle, went down on Tuesday morn ing to the Needles, to try the effect of shell practice. The chief object was to ascertain whether any deterio ration had taken place by length of time—either by three, six, nine, or even twelve months lying by. The experiments must have been of the most gratifying nature to the inventor (Moorsom) of these terrific mis siles, add which are at the present moment wholly. in the secret of the British Government. The Gorgon lay about 900 yards range from the Needles Rocks, and whether we regard the accuracy of the fire, or the fear ful grandeur of the effect, it was calculated to make a lasting impression upon all who witnessed the practice. We believe but one shell only missed, or went over the rock—and every 10-inch shell, as it struck, burst with fearful power, bringing down tons of hard - adamant. The trials were, to the .highest degree, satisfactory, and, in proportion to the sudden destruction of any given ob ject, must in any future engagement with a foreign power speedily put a stop to any lengthened period of warfare. It is calculated that no ship of the line could have kept afloat 10 minutes under so terrific an explosion.. WOOLWICH, DEC. 14. APPOINTMENTS. Paymasters.—James W. P. Foord (1849), George Pickthorn (1845), Julian ‘A. Messum (1850), Edwin T. Forster (1851), Harry T. Nettleton (1853), Richard Curgenven (1852), and lenry N. Scaife (1852), to be Paymasters of the Royal Naval Volunteers. The whole of the above-named officers are at present on the unem ployed list of paymasters. Paymaster Charles Lyne (1849), to the Juno, 26, at Chatham. Second Master.—Horace St. H. Cook (1847), from the Waterloo, 120, flag-ship, at Sheerness, to the Ban shee steam-vessel at Woolwich. One corporal and seven privates of the Woolwich Division of Royal Marines embarked yesterday in the Banshee, Lieutenant-Commander Louis R. Reynolds, for servibe on the Mediterranean station. One corporal and 16 privates of the Woolwich Divi sion of Royal Marines, all mechanics and volunteers, embarked yesterday in the Tyne store-ship, Master- Commander J. B. Tucker, for a passage to the island of Ascension, where they are to be stationed. The Onyx, Dover mail steam•packet, arrived here on Sunday last to have some defects made good. THE ARMY. CHATHAM, DEC. 14 A detachment of the Royal Sappers and Miners left this morning en route for Southampton, to be employed in surveying the coast of this district. Orders were received this morning that the field bat tery under the command of Captain Campbell, R.A., is to be removed on the 10th January to Sheerness, and is to be replaced here by a field battery from Woolwich. Private Burn, 38th, was tried on Tuesday by a district court-martial (Colonel Jervois, provisional battalion, president), far desertion and making away with his re gimental necessaries. The prisoner was serving with a detachment of the 38th at the Tower of London, when he deserted on the 26th July last ; the prisoner after wards enlisted in the East India Company's service, and on the 9th of December he surrendered him - self as a de.. serter from the 38th. The prisoner's service is twelve months, and his character in the regiment stands good. John Cooper, a Royal Marine, was next tried, "for disgraceful conduct in having, at the Royal Marine Barracks at Chatham, stolen a pair of boots, on the 9th December, the property of his comrade." The prisoner's' character is bad, He has been nearly seven years in the service, 'and he. has been tried twice before by courts martial for similar offences. The above prisoners were found guilty. Major-General M'Donald, C. 8., continues to improve in health and strength ; the accounts from his residence, in the county Kilkenny, are highly favourable. The 62d Regiment, which has been quartered in Kil kenny since July last, has received the route for Fermoy, preparatory to embarkation for foreign service. The head-quarters will march on the 21st inst. The 62d are to be replaced by the 46th, from Dublin, and head-quarters will arrive in Kilkenny on the 27th inst. The 9th Regiment, at Clonmel, have also received orders to march for Fermoy, and are to be replaced by the depot of the 13th Regiment from the latter place. Lieut.-Colonel Hawkshaw, R.E., has arrived at Kil kenny, to take charge of the Royal Engineer duties of that district. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-ROUSE. —Jane Mudden was brought before the Lord Mayor, yor, charged with having robbed Mr. Thomas Nolan, with violence , in the public streets, of a port-monnaie, containing a sovereign and eight shillings, and of certain papers, &c. D. T. Evans (City Police)—Yesterday, in consequence of information I apprehended the prisoner upon a charge of highway robbery, and took her to the station-house, where, after some hesitation, she gave her name and address. I afterward s wen t to h er l o d g i ngs , an d f oun d the articles and property I produce. Here the witness produced the property alluded to, two silver watches, a purse containing two sovereigns, and 17s. 6d. in silver, three silk handkerchiefs, and three pocket-books, in one of which, marked G. G., Jamaica Coffee-house, was a bill of exchange for 411., and in another was some religious publications. The prosecutor, a mercantile clerk, said, on Sunday night, between 11 and 12 o'clock, I met the prisoner at the top of the Minories. She asked me to go home with her, and she prevailed upon me to treat her, as the night was cold. We went into a public•house, and I gave her brandy and rum to drink, and I also gave her some brandy in a bottle, which she took home with her. After drinking in the public-house for some time, she asked me to see her home, and took me into Northum berland-alley, Fenchurch-street, where I was knocked down, I think, by a man with a stick. I believe the liquor I had been drinking was drugged. I was then robbed of everything I had in my pockets except my handkerchief. My pockets were turned inside out. I got up when I could and went home at once, and I was obliged, on account of the blow and the fall, to lie in bed till late on Monday. On Tuesday evening I was coming down the Minories, and, having met the pri soner, I caused her to be taken into custody. I swear I never went into any house with her, except the public house in which we drank. On his cross-examination by the prisoner, witness said she offered him 81. to drop the proceedings. The prisoner, in answer to the Lord Mayor, who par ticularly cautioned her as to the answer she appeared to be ready to give to the charge, said, I assure you, my Lord Mayor, that the gentleman last night promised for two sovereigns to drop the ,tharge. We went ;bout together, and the fact is we both got drunk, and did not know what we were about ; but he came back to my house in A bchurch-lane, where I entertained him, and he accidentally pulled out the things, some of which were found at my apartments, and left them there. As to the knocking down in the street, the gentleman is quite in error. lle never fell. The prisoner was committed for trial. The Lord Mayor acknowledged the receipt of a cheque for 101. from the Fishmongers' Company, for the poor box. GUILDHALL.—J ames Barrett was charged with the following savage assault upon a young woman of the name of Tubbs : Margaret Tubbs, who appeared with a frightful black eye, and the whole of one side of her face contused and swollen, said I lodge in the same house as the prisoner, and on Saturday night I went to the prisoner's room to call out my husband who was drinking with him and several of his companions. The prisoner, with a filthy expression, said "He shall not come. I've known you walking the streets more than once, and I'll make your husband leave you altogether." My husband then tried to get me away and pushed me out ; but the prisoner immediately rushed towards me and dragged me by the hair of my head into the room. He then struck me on the eye, knocked me down and kicked me with his heavy boots repeatedly about the face and body, while I was lying on the ground. I screamed for assistance, and had it not been for Mrs. Finnigan, who rescued me from the prisoner's violence, I believe he would have murdered me. lam so dreadfully bruised all over my body, that I can neither stand nor sit without expe riencing great pain in all my limbs. Sir It, W. Carden—Who gave you that black eye ? Complainant—(pointing to the prisoner)—Thatgen tlema,n, sir. Sir R. w. Carden—That gentleman ! Don't call him even a man ; call him a brute ; a man who would be guilty of such conduct to a woman deserves no better title. Two witnesses corroborated the complainant's state ment. Prisoner—lt's all false, your worship. I never struck her at all ; I only pushed her out of my room. It was her husband gave her that black eye. Sir R. W. Carden (to complainant)—Did your husband strike you at all on that occasion Complainant—He did not, sir. He only pushed me once or twice'in trying to get me out of the room. The pris4ier then called his father and mother, but their evidence tended to confirm the complainant's story. A young man, of the name of John Carr, then got into the witness-box, and his testimony was so palpably false, that Sir R. Carden ordered him instantly to quit the court. rs. Springate (the gaoler) stated, that the prisoner was a journeyman tailor, and for the last twelve years he had contitftially been in and out of prison for assaults, and drunken and disorderly conduct. The last time he was in the Compter he had six weeks for assaulting his wife. Sir R. W. Carden regretted that the proposed enact ment to empower magistrates to punish such as the prisone;olay flogging had not reoetved the sanction of thp•legislature. Had he had the power, he would certainly have ordered him to be tied to a cart's tail and flogged through the town, and he would have placed the scourge in the hands of the pri soner's victim, so that' he might have known how she felt when suffering from his brutal rage. Im prisonment was not sufficient puWshreent ; and he (Sir •R. Carden) trusted it would not The long before the re jected mode of punishment was adopted. He then sen tenced the fellow to six months' imprisonment with hard labour. BOW-STREET.—Henry Bennett, a carpenter, who has been repeatedly fined at this court for ill-treating his wife, was charged with assaulting her in a ferocious manner, in Drury-lane. The complainant, whose face was sadly disfigured, stated that she had not lived with the prisoner, since her last complaint against him, but had contrived to earn a living fur herself and her two little children with out his assistance. Yesterday morning (Wednesday) she met him accidentally in Drury-lane, and, having her face tied up at the time, he asked her what was the matter ? She said that she had the face-ache, and passed on to avoid him, not wishing to have anything further to say to him. He followed her up, however, saying, with a coarse expression, " I'll make your cheeks ache a little more, and struck her a blow in the face which knocked her down. He then raised her head from the ground, and struck her a succession of blows on both sides of the head with his clenched fist. She managed to crawl into a shop and was there protected from the prisoner's further violence. The wife's statement was fully corroborated by the shop-keeper, Mr. Billingto striking her,Wi lson-street,n,ofon the ground,Drury lane, whowwhile istahwa thedegree prisoner of b ruta li ty almost incredible. The prisoner said it was all her own fault. Mr. Henry said this was the seventh time within a short space of time that thepriwsoansenrohtasdatbeefernomchhairsgiend. with assaulting his w ife, and, e ven now that she had separated um an herself Since romhiinli she c was last a t th e court power h treatment. had been given to the magistrates 'to inflict a punish ment more adequate to the nature of the offence ; but, in addition to this even, some guarantee must be even for his future good behaviour. His worship th en com mitted the prisoner to six months hard labour, and, at the expiration of that term, directed that he should fi n d two sureties to keep the peace for a further period of six months, or he committed in default. leerT h t e o w p a r irsdosn his e , o w n i f e leaving s w t u h r e e dock,that di he w r e o c u t l e a savage d d se tt le the matter yet by murdering her outright as soon as ho got out prison. Mary Ann Read, a married woman, who stated that her husband was a builder, was charged with smashing the plate-glass windows of the Crooked Billet public house, in Serle-street. Mrs. Lewis, the landlady, described the violent con duct and threatening language of the defendant, who had first represented herself as the sister of Mr. Read, and afterwards produced a certificate of her marriage with him. Mr. Read was in the habit of using the house, and his wife was constantly creating a disturbance by coming after him, and accusing her (landlady) of " har bouring" him, whereas it would be a source of great pleasure to her if she could get rid of them both. The waiter of the establishment having proved the amount of damage. The defendant admitted that she broke the windows, in the belief that her husband was inside. She declared that Mrs. Lewis had made quite another man of him, and made several assertions about the encouragement given him by the landlady, which were indignantly re pasudaia,s t , ed ing b le by latter. m tl a ie n,aths i request.Shco Mr. Henry confessed, however, that she h a d herself represented Mr. Read, in the first place, fined her it. and 16s. the amount of the damage. WORSIIIP-STREET. .Robcrt Stanton, a horse breaker, was charged with a brutal 'and aggravated assault upon Margaret Robertson, a young woman with whom he cohabited. It will be recollected that the prisoner struck the un fortunate woman a terrible blow on the forehead with an iron tea-kettle. A certificate from the house surgeon of the London TEE WAGES' MOVEMENT. MEETING OF THE MIDDLE CLASSES. PRESTON, DEC. 13. With a view of obtaining increased support from the inhabitants of this town, the leaders of the wages' move ment in Preston deemed it expedient to convene a meet ing of the middle classes, in order that they might be made acquainted with the origin and present position of this dispute. That meeting, which was called by cir cular, took place in the theatre last night. The building was crowded to excess in every part, the audience in cluding many tradespeople and other respectable inha bitants of the town. Mr. Councillor Dixon consented to preside. The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, remarked that he had taken no part in this movement, either on one side or the other. He knew very little of the merits or demerits of the case beyond what he had read in the public papers. But he appeared before them as an Eng. lishman, anxious for an amicable settlement of this dis astrous dispute. (Hear, hear.) The object of the meet ing was to give the inhabitants of Preston a full and fair explanation of the question at issue between the em ployers of labour and the employed ; and he hoped that no personal or offensive remarks would be indulged in on that occasion. (Hear, hear.) He congratulated the operatives on the very peaceable and orderly manner in which they had hitherto conducted this most serious struggle. He hoped they would continue to pursue the same creditable course, and that under no circumstances would the peace of the town be disturbed. (Cheers.) The chairman then introduced Mr. G. COWELL, who sketched the history of this movement from its commencement to the present time, adding that the operatives were still willing to refer the matter to arbitration. After intimating that he should be happy to answer any question which might be put to him, the speaker concluded by moving the first reso lution :—" That this meeting is of opinion that the mas ter manufacturers of Preston have not acted in accord ance with justice by debarring so many thousands of their operatives from earning their daily bread, and thus bringing on our town that amount of poverty and privatien we are sorry to find ourselves placed in." Mr. GALLAHER seconded the resolution, and spoke of the higher wages paid in Oldham and Blackburn than in Preston. Mr. G-. ECCLES contended that the spinners were justified in seeking an equalisation of prices. There was a certain millowner in that town who paid 2s. 3d. for spinning 100 lb. of 32's twist ; there was another, with the same kind of machinery, who paid 3s. 31d. for the same work. (Shame !) While working for one gentle man, all he could earn, by his utmost exertions, was 10s. 6d. per week. On going to another mill, in the same town, with the same kind of work and similar machinery, he was able to earn 16s. He appealed to the middle class to aid the operatives with their subscrip tions, re:nembering that " The smallest help, if rightly given, Will make the impulse stronger ;" and he certainly did hope with the poet-- " It will be strong enough one day,— Wait a little longer." (Loud applause.) A person here asked whether the Operatives' Com mittee were prepared to show that the Blackburn prices for weaving were higher than those paid in Preston ? Mr. COWELL replied, that a list of the prices paid in Blackburn, Oldham, Stockport, and Preston was in preparation, and would shortly be issued. (Hear.) Mr. B. HUMPHRIES introduced the second reso lution :—" That we, the people of Preston, deeply sym pathise with the factory operatives in their present un happy dispute with their employers, and pledge our selves that, so long as they continue to be governed with the same good conduct that has hitherto charac terised their proceedings, they shall have our sympathy and support." Mr. J. WADDINGTON seconded the resolution, and it was supported by Mr. R. RICHARDSON, who said there was not an opera tive cotton spinner in Preston better paid than himself; and yet he could prove that he was just 101 per cent. under the standard list of prices paid by the associated masters of Bolton. Having got the 10 per cent. ad vance, and not been locked out, he felt that he had a duty to perform to his employer. That gentleman had to compete with others in the same market, and there fore he (the speaker) considered that he ought to do what he could to make others pay as good a rate of wages, in order that his employer might not be placed at a disadvantage. (Hear, hear.) Mr. GRIMM:LAM proposed the third resolution : " That the trades of this country having so nobly come forward to aid the factory operatives of this town in withstanding the encroachments of the masthr manufac turers on the wages of their workpeople, we pledge our selves that we will, in unison with the trades, exert our selves in supporting the factory operatives until we ul timately place them in that position we feel they are justly entitled to occupy as the producers of an augment ed national prosperity." The speaker suggested that shopkeepers and all classes of the community would be benefited by the factory operatives being better remune rated for their labour. Mr. K. SMITH, in seconding the resolution, remarked that if the manufacturers would agree to refer this dis pute to arbitration, neither party could gain a victory, because the result would be governed by reason, justice, and truth. The operatives of Preston asked for a fair day's wage for a fair day's work ; they asked no more, and he believed they would never take any less. (Cheers.) Mr. RHODES briefly supported the resolution, describ ing the origin of the wages movement in Stockport. The whole of the resolutions were carried unani mously. Thanks were then voted to the chairman, and the meeting, which commenced at 7, terminated at 10. ROBBERY IN A RAILWAY CARRIAGE.—A lady who arrived in this city on Saturday by the five o'clock train from Edinbugh hada bank cheque for 2,0001. abstracted from a leathern reticule, which she carried along with her. The reticule was slung over her arm, and was locked ; but the thief had most adroitly cut it open with a knife and extracted the document without her being aware of it till some time after. The cheque has been stopped at the bank on which it was drawn, so that for tunately the thief will be sadly disappointed. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—DARK DAYS AND LONG NIGHTS.—The necessity of having the most perfect eye sight and hearing.—Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians and oculists, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe— opposite the York Hotel. Newly-invented preserving Spectacle Lenses. Immediately they are placed before extremely imperfect vision, every object appears clear and distinct ; the most aged, defective sight becames bright and brilliant, is brought to its youthful, natural, and ori ginal state.—RoyalExhibitions, 1851. —A valuable, newly invented, very small powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known one mile and a half distant ; they answer every purpose on the race-course, at the opera houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14. miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Telescopes—A new and most important invention in telescopes, possessing such extraordinary powers that some, 3 inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars ; with the same telescope, weighing only 3 ounces,i can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every other kind for the waistcoat-pocket. and are of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and race-course glasses, with wonderful power ; an object can be clearly seen, from 14 to 16 miles distant. Deafness—New Discovery—The Organic Vi brator, an extraordinary powerful and newly-invented instrument, for Deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of the kind that has been, or probably ever can be, produced. Being of the same colour as the skin, it is not perceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public as semblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely removed ; and it affords all the assist. ante that possibly could be desired.-39, Albemarle-mtreet, Piccadilly. Observe, opposite the York Hotel. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—Fifty thousand Cures have been effected by Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food, without medicine, inconvenience, or expense (as it:saves fifty times its cost in other remedies). —"Twen ty-five years' nervousness, constipation, indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and which no medi cine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by Du Barry's Food in a very short time. W. R. Reeves, Pool Anthony, Tiverton." " Eight years' dys pepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any i nqu i ries. Rev. John W. Flavel, Rid lington Rectory, Norfolk." " Three years' excessive nervousness, with pains in my neck and left arm, and general debility, which rendered my life very miserable, has been radically removed by Du Barry's excellent food. Alexs. Stuart, Archdeacon of Ross, Skibbereen." Fifty years indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomittings, has been removed by Du Barry's excellent food. Maria Jolly, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." —Copies of testi monials of 50,000 cures (including those of Lord Stuart de Decies, Major-General Thomas King, Drs. Ur e , Shorland, and Harvey (gratis). In canisters, with full instructions, 11b., 2s. Pd. ; 21b., 4s. 6d. ; 51b., Hs. ; 121 b., 225. ; super-refined, 51b., 225. ; 101 b., 338. The 101 b. and 121 b. carriage free. Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London ; also, Fortnum, Mason, and Co.. purveyors to her M'ajesty, Piccadilly. [ADVERTISEMENT.] -The Earl of Aldborough and Hol loway's Pills.—An astounding cure by this miraculous t nLeci ct ici f n ro e m after his everylor lordship's letter, means had failed. Se la mes e sin e a x : Leghorn, Feb. 21, 1845. To Professor Holloway. Sir,—l beg to acquaint you that your pills have effected a cure of a disorder in my liver and stomach, which all the most eminent of the faculty at home and all over the Continent had not been able to effect—nay, not even the waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad. (Signed) ALDBO ROUGH." These wonderful pills will cure any disorders of the liver or stomach —Sold also Holloway's ointment, at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand, London and by all medicine venders throughout the kingdom SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. QUARANTINE NOTICE. 3IoGADOR, Nov. 6.—The quarantine of observation Un posed upon vessels with clean bills of health is discontinued, by order of the Board of Health, at Tangier, but vessels with foul bills of health, or with sickness on board, will not be admitted. CUSTOM HOUSE, DEC. 14. ENTERED INWARDS. —The George, from St. Malo 2 • Har riet, do. ; William, Leer ; Zeelust, Utrecht"; Snake, St. Michael's 2 • Wheatsheaf, Antwerp ; Ambrosea, Dram ; Marie, Hookseil ; Dasengano, Terceira ; Mercury, Bor deaux ; Burtons, Rotterdam 2 • Hellena, Dram ; London, Swartwich ; Darien , Trieste ; Sea Bird, Christiania ; Are thusa, Memel ; Sutcliffe, Antwerp ; Helena, Hursum ; Catharina, Groningen Bella, Siniegha, P orto Rico ; Fawn, Marseilles; British Queen, Smyrna. ENTERED OUTWARDS FOR LOADING.—The Maria Leh mann, for Rio Janeiro ; Jenne Adolph, Dieppe ; Maria Jacobs, Melbourne ; William Bayley, Algoa Bay ; Ante lope, New Orleans ; Eleventh April, Burgett ; Ebenezer, Havre ; Dart, Bruges and Ostend ; City of Norwich, Ham burgh ; Indian Chief, Geelong 2 • G. W. Bourne, Calcutta; John, Dunkirk ; Wm. Allen, Surinam ; Betsey, Dunkirk ; Oscar, —. CLEARED OUTWARDS WITH CARGO.—The Jenne Adolphe, for Dunkirk ; Catharina, Harburgh ; Aurora, Christian sand ; Kezia, Genoa ; Rover, Dunkirk ; Julia, Cherbourg ; Sullorla, Gothenburg ; William, Jamaica. VESSELS SPOKEN - WITH. The Akbar, for the Mituitius, Aug. 18, lat. 42 S., long. 123 E., with loss of some of her spars. The Julia, from London to Melbourne, June 2. The Weiterden (barque), June 2. The Andromeda, from Dundee to Melbourne, June 12. The Mahtaree, from London to New Zealand, Sept. 14, lat. 13 S., long. 26 W. , The Harbinger, from London to Table Bay, Oct. 2, lat. 36 S. The Quebec, from New Orleans to Liverpool. Nov. 24. The Sierra Nevada, from Havannah-to,Cowes, Nov. 25. CROOKHAVEN, Dec. 10.—The Fitton, which arrived here this morning from Miramichi, while hove too during a hurricane, on the 26th Nov., iu lat. 47 N. long. 42 W., was struck by a heavy sea, which carried away eight stanchions, split covering board, swept clerks, and stove two deck beams, &c. ; she was then put before the wind, having five feet water in her hold. GIBBALLTAR, Dec. s.—The Emma, from Cette to Dun kirk, struck on the rocks near Algeciras, in the night of he 30th November, and is reported bilged and lu►l of water. PARIS, Dec. 13.—The chasse Marie Honore, from Quim per to Bordeaux, was driven out shore off Bonne Anse, previous to the 10th of December. A lighter, laden with sugar from the Betsy, arrived at Launceston, V.D.L., from Mauritius, sunk yesterday— about 1,400 bags were damaged and sold. HARTLEPOOL, Dec. 11.—The Good Intent, from New castle, and the Forest Queen, from Sunderland, in attempt ing to enter this port, struck very heavy on the bar, and beat over, but made a great deal of water afterwards. CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 24.—The Christina, from Lon. don, has been taken into Gallipoli, to discharge and repair, having been on shore. The Harmonie, of Irvine, bound to Troon, has been totally lost near Bonaventure Bay, Chaleur. MURDEROUS ATTACK ON A TURNKEY.---A desperate attempt was made on Friday last on the life of the head Turnkey of the Derby County Gaol, Henry CaPrington, by a prisoner named George Woodcock, who is awaiting his trial at the next sessions on a charge of felony. The prisoner, a muscular man, possessed of great strength, had been placed in solitary confinement owing to his bad conduct while in prison, and had frequently threatened Carrington in the course of the visits paid by the latter to his cell. On Friday morning the officer on entering perceived something in the prisoner's hand, and wrested a bludgeon from him, but no sooner had he done this than he received two violent blows on the head from a second bludgeon, which Woodcock held concealed, and fell insensible on the floor. Fortunately the noise was heard by another turnkey, and the prisoner was soon overpowered. Carrington Was seriously injured, but is now going on favourably. The prisoner had got posses sion of his weapons by breaking up the seat in his cell. He is described as a most desperate character, and from information obtained, it appears he has been in South - well, Nottingham, and other prisons. THE FORTIFICATIONS AT DOVER.—The works at the castle and citadel, which have been in progress through out the summer and autumn, are still going forward ; and by July next will, it is said, be ready for the accom modation of 500 additional troops. The exterior of each fortress is also undergoing extensive repairs and renova tion, so as to give Dover the strength to which its fron tier position entitles it.—South Eastern Gazette. AMERICAN PUNCTUALITY.—" They tell you a story of a inan who wa4 so scrupulously exact all, his dealings,' that whenever he paid a visit he would insist upon tak ing a receipt for it. '—Bunrc's "Old England and Nap COUNTRY MARKETS. EDINBURGH HAY AND STRAW MARKE DECEMBER 13. There was a large supply of straw of all descriptions the market. The prices were as follow : Oat straw, from 7s Oci to 9s Od per kemple of 16 stone° tron ; wheat do., 7s Od to 8s (k 1 ; barley do.,_ 4s 6d to 5s 6d. Hay from lato 12d ; new ditto, Od to Od per stone. EDINEI7RGH MEAL MARKET—DEa. 13. There were in the market to-day, 28 sacks oatmeal, each weighing 2801bs imperial, which sold thus •-28 at 2/. Os , and oat 01. Os Od. • DALKEITH MEAL MARKET—DEC. 12. There were in the market to-day 105 bags oa tmeal, 9 of barleymeal, and 3 •of pot-barley. Sales were dull: The top price of oatmeal is down, second 9d down, and third 6s down, from last market. Barleymeal is the sole as last market on the top price. Pot-barley same as on last market day. Oatmeal, per sack of 2801bs First. Second. Third. imperial Barleymeal, per ditto 28s Od —s Od —s 1,, Peasemeal, per ditto v ‘ Flour, per ditto —s Od —s Od —g Ai Pot-barley, per ditto LEEDS—DEC. 13. The arrivals of wheat were very insignificant, sna n evi very scarce, at 3s to 4s pe r - qr . a b ove l a st week's rates Old did not sell so well, but was held for an advance. Barley was in more request, and rather dearer. Oats and shelling were fully as dear. Beans were steady. Other articles were unaltered. NEWCASTLE—DEe. 13. Buyers wishing to increase their stock, and high prices being asked, not much business was done, and an adV 5 was established of 2s on foreign, a nd i s t o 2s on Eng h ,,i wheat. The same remarks applied to b a rley. Data so'" slowly. N.—Dzo. 14. ,he close of the market :-- •Wallsend, lic• s . d• H e dl e y 26 ‘ 9 , Northumberland ~ 25 v Riddell 26 0 Bell's Primrose 2O 0 Bradd.vll 2B 0 Haswell 26 9 Cassop 27 0 9 South Hartlepool 2B r, Fitton Park 2l u 4 Dorwentwater 11i:it:ley 22 i v i Gwaen Cao Gu en 3 60 v Perkins' Anthracite 34 a Watney's Anthracite ... ,34 v COAL MAR: Prices of Coal per ton at t' 8. d. Abby Hartley 2O 6 Middle W. Hartley 22 C Davison's West Hartley 22 6 Do. rough small l7 0 Hasting's Hailey 22 6 Hol ywell .24 6 Longridge's Wst Hartley 22 0 Ravensworth Hartley ...22 C Redhough Main 20 C West Hartley 22 C Wylam 23 WallEend, &c. (osforth 26 4 Wyland (unscreened) 29 6 RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, DEC. 14. ket STOCK EXCHANGE.—The dealers in th e s h ar e 1:1 1. - T or have been occdpied to-day with p i eparati ons f or the seto ce ment of- the account to-morrow. The contangos 1 ?! fli ruled heavier than expected on some stocks —espocl'„ Caledonians and Dovers. The backwardations hav(' 3.10 pet off all the heavy stocks, and a contango of * to 3. 1 - 01 ';b cent. has been generally paid. The market closed furl a shade above the opening rates this morning. • Caledoni an ' 28k ; Eastern Counties, 138 ; Lancashire and YoL•k 6 , l ' on : 68 ; Lancaster and Carlisle new third shares, 12 p. 4 1 ,t - h don and North-Western, 1031 ; Midland, 644 ; British, 81 ; Sonth-Eastern and Dover, 191-16 MANCHESTER, DEC. 14. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market opened at the dolo! 55 : a, rates of yesterday evening, but there was a slight i mP 19 ; merit towards the close. Sheffields, 253 ; DovEss, it Midlands, 643 ; Leeds Stocks, 68i ; Manchester anclP tio . mingham C Qrs., 5-16 p ; E as t L ancas hi re , 16i ; Ca l e nians, 284 ; Sheffield New Pref., 4 p. BIRMINGHAM, DEC. 14. aci STOCK EXCHANGE.—This market was flat to-da1 , , 44 1 prices a shade lower. Loudon a nd N or th Western "" sellers at 103. LEEDS, DEC. 14. . STOCK EXCHANGE.—The share market was very • n g mate at the first meeting to-day. At the noon rather more animation prev a il e d, b u t shares gen er , T y were operated at a decline up on • y es t er d ay ' s ra t e s. ~ ra ci g cashire and Yorkshire fell and closed at 68 ; 3fiten-rth were done at 64 ; Bradford Short Line s a t 6) r p rem . ; British, Bi. The market closed at its wealEect point. SEABORNE MALLS. (N signifies that the malls are sent from th e G e n eral P°S - t - by the night—and M by the morning —dispatch.] Day motion Made ti; From Wm, ii r D en COUNTRIES. in General Lost- Po rt due Is Office, London.* Dispat ehed. Eng— . America(byßrit.pack)N Every Friday .... f•iverpc of ... Each )`"„ri America •(by 'tinned Sts. packet) ..........N Dec. 13 .......... Liven") 101 Dec. 2 1 America (by U States packet) .. N •••• . • •• Sou:ha mph:), Australia (via South ampton) ..........M Jan. • • .... Southampton Dec. 1i Ditto (via Marseilles) N Jan. 8.. Ditto (via Cape of Good Dover ...... Dec. 20 Hope) ............N Feb. 4 ....• .• • Africa ( West Coast) ..N •f3d of the month.. Plymo ath Dec. YS Alexandria.......... N 8,9, 24, & 30 of m. Dover . . Dec' 1 Fi Ale= idtia o 4th & 20th of mon. Southa .mpton Dec. Pee. , 6 Bahamas ...........M 17th of the month Aouth k i mpton Dec. Belgium ............N Daily Dover ...... 15501. 6 M 9th of the month.. Souths mpton r ec• BuenosAyres........ld 9th of the month.. Southit fripton Dee. ' 26 Cape of Good Hope ..N 14th of the month Plymot ith NOV. 16 Cape of Good Hope ..N 14th of the month. Souths inpton Dec- 2 6 Cape de Verds ......N 9th of the month.. Plymouth .. Nov Ceylon (see India) 2 6 Ceylon ..............N 14th of the month Plymouth .. No Channel Isles ...... ..N Mon.,Wed.,&Frid. iout'aampf on Tu.- 1 6 Chili... M 2d & 17th of month Seuthamptonpec• China (see India) 16 Sc Constantinople 7,8,17,2 ,&27 of m. D0ver ...... . Dee' Constantinople ........ 4th 20th of mon. Southampton Dec.. no 09 Cont. of Europe M & N Twice daily ...... Dover Twicu . Egypt (see India) France M& N Twice daily... ... Dover •• p c Gibraltar .; 4,7, 17, 20, 27 of m. SQuthampton ec• Egypt (see India) France ........ & N I Twi c°° • lll Gibraltar ........ 31, Dec. Greece (see India) 16 Greytown M 2nd & 17th of mon. RouthamptorilDec 6.0 Hamburgh & Friday London . Havannah ........ —3ll2nd of the month Southampton' Jan. Holland ..... M Wednesday & Sat. London ..... Mc n 'l•l Honduras M 17th of the month. Southampton Pec' India (vla.Southampt )Ml4 th & 20th of mon. S outhamptoripec' 20 India (via Marseilles)M Bth& 24th of month Dover .....• 19 , lonian Isles (see India)'7, 17, & 27 of mo n JD over .... •• Ireland ........M & N,Twiee daily ...... - Holyhead .• IT 16 Lisbon M 7,9, 17, & 28 of m. Southampton Dec' ,6 Madeira .... 9th of the month Southampton Dec' Madeira :r 23d of month Plymouth ..'Dec' Malta (see India) Malta Mauritius (see India) 9 6 Mauritius ..........Nll4th of the month Plymouth 1 Mexico Naples...—. 6thlsth2sthormon. Dover ...... De c ' id New Granada Ml2d & 17th of month Southampton cart De'et# New Zea1and.......... By private ship .. Various port c Papal States N lsthlsth2sthormon. Dover .... • • Dec' 16 Peninsula .... . Be7thl7tll2Bthofmon. Southampton P e ; ,... 16 Peru „Mild & 27th of mon. Southampton Port Natal Nl4th of the motif/ t; Plymouth .. 0 Sicily .. . . Tuscany Nl5 th 15 th 25 thou= o..lDover ec ' 119 Venezuela _ M l 2d & 17th of mouth Southampton i p c ' Van Diemen's Land (see Australia) ...... . 1 6 West Indies ~ „ 2d & 17th of monr.b Southampton pee , * When any of these dates /CI co a ‘Tin d ay, the mail s di,s ' , dispatched on'the following day with the exceptien of the lg„ e j to Southampton), and the Malta, both of which will be dispa te " day preceding. GLASGOW THE FOGS.—No fewer than f° 1:111 0 ;li steamers, all due on Saturday afternoon or eveni9k o , de reached the Broomielaw yesterday morning, b elrj 7.lver' tained by the density of the fog on the frith an df fob From the same cause, forty sail, exclusive 01; steamers, were prevented from clearing out on Sa t° o . - "" but they all got under weigh yesterday foren °- North British Mail. 10 4 1-411- HOW TO MARE CANARIES, GOLDFINCHES, .1;1H." 34 &C., PAIIILIA.R.— If you wish—Ns all who truly love 000 must wish—to make you " pots" familiar, " 0 07 , a small quantity of yolk of egg, boiled hard, an d .. go otir., quantity of German paste, mixed with a stale;,' 0,7 cake. Put this, lovingly, into a little " exclus""t ii" pan, fitted in a sly corner of the cage, and the tre3atares have a double charm. These innocent little ere. 019 love to flirt with any nice pickings thus nlYsu e f i n cr, a t conveyed to them ; and they wiR keep on cht te ; 0 31 ' e you in a language of their own for many inin tl iy ei) viewing the operations in which you are acti%ell a l of gaged for their particular benefit. —Kidd's Tow Nature. IEOO YAICIV LONDON : Printed end Published by of d e e, 4 ,0 .„ pi of No. 112, Strand, Printer, a t 7.7 e Sur.lo 00W Strand, in the Precinct of tho Thursday, DecotberA Ow' BIRTHS. OF A BON. E Or a On the 12th inst., at Oxford, the wif e of - Owen, Esq. hC (Sh' thd ire On the 13th inst., at Warburton Rectory, wife of the Rev. D. A. Beaufort. OF A DAUGHTER. ^OA. ' On the 10th inst., at the Vicarage , Tanwo rth NVs' shire, the wife of the Rev. George Munn. On the 11th inst., at Brighton, the w ife 01 •`" 4th (Queen's Own) Light Dragoons. MARRIED. e On the 13th inst., at St. Pancras Church,.Tehiol34 berton Munyard, Esq., youngest son of in th 4 1, 00% 0 Munyard, Esq., of Hampstead, and of IC . t to Charlotte, only daughter of the late Lieu tens,,-- 9013 „ Peake, R.N. On the 14th inst., at Wandsworth, William,. 0 00 or laug h _A vine, Esq., of Lincoln's-inn, younger Doraville, Bart., to Eliza King, o f the Colonel Aspinwall, late Consul-General 0 States at London. 90 DIED. Sea, th e 3:Wg'lk' On the 13th inst., at St. Leonarcrs -012- a gegl Lady Howden, aged 80. J hu %V iltl" ; ia- On the 23d of July, at SydneY, 3fr•.,;,,i/ooluo, 56, son of the late Mr. James Willis, V 7, -"' s " . i l :en" street, St. James's-square. n Coun t/ Wa r On the 11th nit , at Adairville, Log°',. h i s age , , an tait i tucky, United States, in the 29th yosr c". the late il ' mill Henry Drury, second survivitri son of 4 .. :a of •-)d'Regilven" o2cl Y e ( I, Charles John Cheshyre Drury, ..)... n th e ..., n ot On the 13th inst, at Blackheath-hill,01„_ ko f ~ tis e his age, Walter Augustus Nevill, of th . -:lsrig, v. second son of the late Rev. Christopher East Grinstead, Sussex.. • ...,no.lft: T