The Sun. — London, England, 1822-01-17 00:00:00

THE LiTh 1)04)i JOURNAL',. DAILY EXTRACTS FROM TIIK MORNING PAPERS, January 17, 1822. [BUITISLI PRESS.] The order adopted by the House of Commons last Session, requiring the Estimates for the ser vice of the year to be laid upon the table within fourteen days after the meeting of Parliament, will be found particularly advantageous in the ensuing Session. - It is very desirable that the members should be apprised as early as possible of the extent to which the Ministers propose to carry their intended reductions. Upon this point will, as we think, depend in a great measure the future conduct of the independent members dur ing the remainder of the Session. They will have an early opportunity not only of proving the sincerity of the promises held out to" the country by the Ministers of the Crown, but they ivill also be enabled to see, nearly at one view, the total amount of the supplies required by the Government, and to compare it with the ways and means which, to their own knowledge, the country may be fairly able to afford. This com parative view of the capability of the nation with the demands of the Ministers -ought never to be absent from the mind of the Members of the House of Commons. The wants of Ministers are iu,cessant, and their ingenuity can never fail to allege plausible pretences to justify their de mands, if they will find men weak enough to be lieve them. But why should the homespun wis dom of private life be neglected in the manage ment of public affairs ? We all can fancy a• thou sand wants which our resources cannot easily or prudently- cover ; and there are few who may not find tradesmen credulous or good natured enough to indulge the desires of vanity or luxury upon promises of future payment.--- But the man who yields in private life •to such temptations is regarded as morally unfit to manage his own affairs, and he is set down by the prudent as a foolish fellow and a dan gerous companion. 'Such ought likewise to be the maxims of prudence in the management of public concerns. The necessities of the people ought to be considered as of more importance than the wants of the Ministers, and the amount of the expenditure ought never to be finally de termined without a direct and immediate refe rence to the means of defraying it. The order of the House of Commons, to which we have here referred, was framed and proposed by Sir John Newport, who has thereby added another claim to the gratitude of the country. [MORNING POST.I By the arrival of the Triton at Liverpool from Boston, we have received files of American Pa pers to the 23d ult. They have brought the annual Report from the Treasury exhibiting a view of the finances of the United States. This document is drawn up ih a manner which throws more obscurity than light upon the subject of which it treats. The first part would make it appear, that so considerable an increase had taken place in the revenue, as to raise it far above the yearly expenditure ; but the subsequent statements, however involved, suffer the real fact to transpire, and show that the utmost of which the Americans can boast is, as the National Intelligencer observes, that there is little " appa rent probability of a deficiency in the Revenue for the ordinary purposes of Government." The fever which had raged so long at St. Au gustine had at last disappeared ; and the Board of Health had announced that the place was free from infection. Accounts from the Caraccas state, that a Spanish squadron had appeared off Laguira on the 11th of November. A schooner belonging to it having fallen into the hands of the.: Independents, they were informed by her crew that the squadron had sailed from Porto Cavello on the 10th, and was composed of a frigate, a brig of war, a privateer, a cutter, the captured schooner, and four transports, with eight or nine hundred troops on board, who were to be lauded to the windward or leeward of Lag uira, under the command of Brigadier Morales. O n the 19th that force effected its landing on the coast of Cata and proceeded to Occumare, a town in the vicinity; but it was too insignificant to excite any apprehension, or to attain any object in a country which is now wholly in the power of the Patriots. The latter had collected several Battalions of Grenadiers and squadrons of ca - valry, besides 1500 militia, and stationed them in the positions best calculated to arrest the march of the enemy and to cutoff' his retreat if he should hesitate in abandoning his enterprise and returning to his ships. • [TISE TIMES.] The Secretary of the American Treasury has addressed to the Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives, the annual report on the state of the public finances. As there are some of the official tribeamongst ourselves, who,though not very prone to be enlightened by the fruits of their own expe rience or observationmay, nevertheless,be shamed by the living example of their neighbours, we transcribe for their use a few brief statements of fignres from the above-mentioned document, with remark or two in the way of comparison between the•tinanCial management and prospects of the thiited States and of a Government nearer home. -The whole estimated expenditure of the Ame rican Government, for the year 1822, now coin- MCncing; is less than 15,000,000 of dollars ; or consisierabiy less than 3,500,0001. sterling. This covers • the charges of the Civil List, the Army, the. Navy, and. the interest of the Debt, and .4 • con stitutes about one eighteenth part of the an nuat,outlay of the English Government, under tiiV:saMe'lleads. -1 . The Civil, Diplomatic, and Miscellaneous, 'head of charge, amounts to above 1;600,000 dollars—not near so much as 400,0001. .--not half .SO, much as the cost of his Majesty's own' HouSebold •kstablishment here—a dispro portion which, after making due allowances for the -excess. of pageantry, which always - has existed, and some of which doubtless ought to exist, ~between a Monarchy, however limit ed, and . a Republic, may still justly give rise to very serious reflections . among the thinking members of this impoverished and distressed community.—td. The interest on the debt of the United States, including also a sum for the reimbursing the holders of a certain portion and description of it, does not exceed 5,700,000 dollars, or about 1,270,000/. —3d. Besides the above sum, there is a clear and real sinking fund of about 4,300,000 dollars, — equal to more than one-fourth of the whole an nual expenditure ; and equivalent to one-twen tieth part of the whole unredeemed debt : where as the real sinking fund of this country does not, we apprehend, on the highest calculation, much exceed 1-300th.--4th. Again, the military force of the United States, including ordnance, fortifi cations, and pensions, is stated at little more than five millions of dollars—actually less, if we re member right, than our ordnance estimates alone. The charge for the American navy, which in cludei not merely the vessels building, so for midable for their size and force, but the squa drons which keep the sea in 'all parts of the world, and which maintain with so much vigour and efficiency the commercial rights of American citizens, and the honour of the national flag, is estimated at the modest sum 0f‘2,450,000 dol- lars, or less than 700-,0001. sterling.—Let the country Gentlemen of England look to this, and see how nations, whose wisdom is but of yester day, accommodate their actions to their means and their resources. [MORNING HERALD.] It would appear that the doctrine of the para mount authority, or right divine, of the King of France, professed by the Ultra party in the Chamber of Deputies, has excited_some surprise. Possibly it will excite still more to find this doc trine expressly asserted and reserved in the French Constitutional Charter. In the preamble to this important document, a few lines after the words " Louis, by the grace of God, King, &c. &c." we find the following sentence, supposed to come from the King—" We have considered that although all authority rested whole and en tire in the person of the King, in France, never theless our predecessors did not hesitate to mo dify the exercise of it, following the changes of times—that it is thus the communes owed their enfranchisement to Louis le gros—the extension and confirmation of their rights to Saint Louis and Philippe le be/—that the judicial order has been established and developed by the laws of Louis XI. Henry 11. and Charles,lX.—Lastly, that Louis XIV. has regulated almost all parts of the public Administration by divers Ordon nances, the wisdom of which had not yet been surpassed. Considering the aforesaid, we (Louis XVIII.) have thought it right, after the manner of the Kings, our predecessors, &c. &c." This appears to us quite decisive, as far as the Charter is 'concerned, in favour of the doctrine main tained by the' Ultras. The consequence too seems irresistible, that upon the same principle which was acted upon by the several above-cited Kings, from Louis le gros to Louis le desire— viz. the convenient and flexible one of" the dif ference of times," —the next King of France, suppose Charles X., may, by another Royal Or donnance, revoke those of his predecessors—as Louis XIV. did that of Henry IV. (the Edict of Nantz)—and 'establish a pure monarchy for the benefit of his subjects, and in conformity with " the change of the times." 'I he only question is, whether his own Ordonnance is binding upon the present Sovereigr. In looking into one of the pamphlets of M. de Chateaubriand, we find it stated, that if the Charter is binding upon the King (which he appears to doubt), it was binding upon him only, and " not upon the world." " Le monde," says he," n'tt pas donne sa parole comae monarque." But it may be said there is still the change °Nimes," which is one of the con ditions. This is not by any means an impossible or even very improbable condition. [MORNING CHRONICLE.] City, Wednesday Evening, Jan. 16.—None of the Foreign Mails due this morning have arrived, nor have any private expresses been received from the Continent. The Funds opened at 774 to 77i, and continued very steady at these prices• till near the close of the day, when they declined to 771 for the Account, and closed at this price. The market on the whole is extremely heavy. The New Orleans Paper of the 19. th Nov. last, states, that the Spanish Authorities have declared the whole coast of Columbia, except Porto Cabello, in a state of blockade. Their naval force' con- Isists of one frigate, two brigs, four schooners, and six or eight privateers. They have captured six American vessels going into the Republican harbours with provisions, one British cutter from St. Thomas's, and a British ship from Barbadoes, and carried them into Porto Cabello, where the whole have been condemned. In consequence of this blockade, the markets at Curacoa and St.Tho mas7s, for American produce, were very dull. If the opinion of the Russian merchants, resiecting the conduct of the Russian Government, may be infer red from their operations in tallow, it is bynOmeans in f l avour of peace. They have advanced this artirte' to 47s.per cwt. though the - supply is certainly more than equal to • the regular consumption: The speculation, however, began on the time bargains made last year for a delivery on the 31st of De cember last, and is now probably continued on the chance of a change in the politics of the Northern Powers, which, no doubt, would much enhance the value of the article.—The. supply of hemp and flax is not more than equal to the de mand, and prices are fully maintained.—West India produce is improving, and both sugars and .coffee are again rather dearer. The quantity of rum on hand prevents any advance in its price. [Niw TimEs.] A little before St. Thomas's day the Radicals of the City. usually make a stir about some mat ter which they think will have an effect on the elections of Common .Councilmen ; and a little before the opening of the Parliamentary the Whig Radicals in the country at large usually assemble Meetings and hold forth on topics which they think calculated to help them into power in the course of the cnsuing Session.—We have seen them try a vast variety of games, and select with great skill their heroes and heroines, from Col.Wardell and Mary A.nno Clarke, to the Queen and Bergami. The subject given out for declama tion on the present occasion is Agriculture—anal the heroes are Joseph Hume and Wm. Cobbett !! We sincerely deplore the distress in which Agri culture is involved, and most heartily shall we rejoice if any measure can be devised for alle viating it. We are the warm friends of the agri culturists, not more from their forming the most important of the bodies of which the nation is composed, than from the systematic uprightness of their couduct, and the unsullied character which they have uniformly sustained. It has hitherto been their proud boast that they have stood aloof from faction—that they have trod, often alone, the path of independence—that neither distress nor temptation has been able to shake their patriotism and loyalty—and that honest unsophisticated old English feel- ing, by whomsoever discarded, has been by them fondly cherished. Their public meet ings have always been distinguished by mo deration, good sense, honest discussion, and the absence of all party scurrility and fanaticism. We wish them still to follow, this conduct, and to preserve this reputation. We do not wish to see such rnonst'ers tolerated among us as country gentlemen demagogues, and farmer radi cals. Let one body in the nation, at least, re main honest, independent, patriotic, and English. PROVINCIAL JOURNALS. (FROM THE LEEDS INTELLIGENCER, JAN. 14.) We noticed in our last, that the printers and publishers of John Bull' had been convicted of a libel in some of their early Numbers on the character of the late Queen. Without enter ing into the question as to the propriety of the line of conduct adopted by the conductors of that Journal, we must express our decided conviction of the impolicy of the present pro ceedings of the ex-law officers of her late Majesty, in continuing the prosecutions for libels on her character, after herdecease ; when it is essential to the best interests of the country, that all angry discussion, and all recrimination, should be discontinued; and that the late investigation should be consigned to obli vion. In the present case, there also appears something still worse than impolicy . : there appears a gross and glaring in consistency in the friends of , the liberty of the press and of free discussion persecuting men who have been already ad judged to a punishment, unequalled in severity, for an of fence which was atoned for as soon as discovered, as far as it was possible that such atonement could he made.—Notwitli standing, however, every consideration, either of policy or hu manity, (if the latter word is to be found in their vocabulary,) the late Queen's law officers have thought fit to prosecute to conviction the libellers of their immaculate mistress. And witnessing this; the country is astonished that the King's law officers have as yet done nothing towards bringing to justice the libellers of their master, and of the parliament. It cer tainly does appear, by their supineness, that the Sovereign of this great and mighty Empire is the only person in his wide domains that is to be libelled with impunity : and that it is attended with less danger to attribute, falsely and mali ciously, the most atrocious crimes to him, than to repeat of the late unfortunate dupe and Victim of the radical faction, that which a large majonty of the House of Peers pronounced to be true. If with the death of the Queen the proceedings had been stayed against those who had deemed it their duty to express, in firm and decided language, their opinions of her conduct— then it might have been right to have overlooked the crimes committed by the retailers of faction against the King of England. But, as those liberal lawyers, Messrs. Brougham and Denman, have thought proper to proceed with vin dictiveness against those who strove--and strove success fully —to dissipate popular delusion on a recent occa sion, every loyal man looks with astonishment at the im punity which is extended to those atrocious offenders who la boured with such indefatigable activity in the work of se dition. This is not, at least, dealing out even handed jus tice to both parties. Ont, is pursued with unabated rancour, for what was certainly an effervescence (even if we admit it to be an unjustifiable one) of loyal zeal : whilst the other is un noticed, though labouring, with the most cold blooded ma lignity, to root out those just and natural sentiments of allegi ance in British hearts, on which the security of the Constitution depends. This ought not to be. - LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF CHANCERY, JAN. 16. EX-PARTE CAiU'OLL IN THE MATTER. OF HOWARD AND GIBBS, BANKRUPTS. Mr. HORN concluded his argument in opposition to the ap peal, and was followed by Air. TRESLOVE and Mr. BLAKE. The LORD CHANCELLOR then directed the Attorney-Gene ral to postpone his reply until to-morrow. EX-PAItTE KENT IN THE MATTER OF HOWARD AND GIBBS. The petitioner in this case, Mr. Kent, had been refused per mission by the Commissioners to prove his debt against the bankrupts, on the ground that his transactions withthem had been of an usurious character. Mr. Kent presented a petition of appeal from the decision of the Commissioners, which was heard before the Vice-Chancellor, who confirmed the judg ment of the Commissioners. :11r. Kent now appealed to his Lordship from the decree of the Vice-Chancellor. As the merits of this case were fully discussed when it was heard before the Vice-Chancellor, we need now only state, that Mr. CULLEN and ROSE were heard in su . pport of the ap peal, and they contended that the transactions in which the ap pellant had been engaged with the bankrupts were not ob noxious to the charge of being of an usurious nature. Mr. HORN and Mr. MONTAGUE were on the other side, and, of course, took quite a.different view of the subject from that adopted by their Learned Friends who had preceded them. The pleadings were not concluded when the Court rose. VICE-CHANCELLOR'S COURT, JAN. 16. DRAPER V. DRAPER. This war a petition praying to supersede the commission ,ot bankruptcy issued against the petitioner, on the ground that the pctitioning creditor had not proved any debt. The petitioner had got into his hands upwards of 13,0001., the property of u Mr. Wyatt, who died about 10 years ago. About 9,0001. of this money he paid to creditors of Mr. Wyatt; the remainder he retained as due to himself. In IM4 he made a disposition of all his property to trustees who were to satisfy all demands upon him. He Afterwards went abroad, and after his return was committed to gaol for debt. The mentors of Mr. Wyatt i had repeatedly demanded payment-of the trustees, and had filed a bill in Chancery for a settlement of accounts. This bill was neglected, and no result was obtained by it. The executors at length sued out a commission of bankruptcy against the peti tioner, and the present petition prayed to have that commission superseded. His H crionil said be could not supersede the commission, for the petition itself admitted that the petitioner had received 13,0001. of the property conveyed • to the executors, and it did not appear that he had fully accounted for that money. There seemed to be quite enough of debt admitted to support the commission. He would dismiss the petition ; but in the mean time he would suspend the order till a settlement of ac counts might be made, and the balance might be distinctly shcwa. Some conversation here arose as to the further steps to be taken, and his Ho:moult said he would consider it till to-mor row morning. COURT OF KING'S BENCH, J. IP►. ni6litranioN v. SIR THOMAS, NEAVE, BART. This was an action against the Sheriflof Essex. Sonic per son unknown sued out a writ against Win. Richardson, and, under that Writ, the plaintiff, William John Richardson, was arrested. It turned out that the proceeding was fraudulent, the writ not being founded upon any debt or judgment • and Mr. Richardson accordingly brought his action. The l i 4onD CHIEF JUSTICE left it to the Jury to say, whether the plain tiff was or was not the person really pointed at in the fraudu lent process ; the Jury thought that he was the perion, and found a verdict for the defendant. Mr. SCARLET T some time since obtained a rule nisi for a new trial. Mr. GURNEY, in shewing cause against tlie rule, contended, that where a Man had moft.i , Christian names•sthan one, it was sufficient, in a writ, to describe him by the first. Mr. E. LAwES, in reply, insisted that there bad been negli gemie in the Sheriff and his officers. The Conn.T took time to consider of the case. TO THE EDITOR, OF TILE SUN. " Desch in - Artsl Arais claims Public Honour." Sin.—The natural progress of mechanical arts is from rude ness to convenience, and from conveniencto comfort and neat ness. The first labour is the work'of necessity ; and, it is pleas. ing to contemplate the progressive improvement of any manual art, by the successive exertions of innumerable minds, from less to greater degrees of perfection. The burst of intelligence which the last half century has diffused over the civilized world, has revealed to us farts before unknown, and taught us a more advantageous application of others. But while we have been improving the state of our agriculture, extending our manufac tures, and by canals uniting distant seas for the extension of our commerce, there hasibeen one science unaccountably over looked or neglected, on which the individual intercourse of mankind, and the internal prosperitylof kingdoms, very mate rially depend. The science to which , I allude is that of Road Making. When Columbus discovered a new world, he Saw nothing to which he could so much impute the superiority in arts and arms, which he found among the Peruvians over their Mexican countrymen, as to this branch of knowledge. The Romans have left vestiges of the importance they attached to the science, in the roads we find in many parts of Britain. Till the military road opened a communication to the Highlands in the last century, the Sovereign had neither the command of his subjects in that remote part of our island, nor they the protec tion of his laws. The late Ruler of France, when lapse of years permits us to view his actions unobscured by the mists of prejudice and party feeling, will be acknowledged as the bene factor of mankind, in having more closely united the two most beautiful countries in Europe, by opening the new route over the Simplon. _ _ The advantages of road-makingbeing admitted, the apothegm of the philosopher naturally occurs, "'Whatever is worth doing at all, is worth doing well ;" and I think fbw persons can be found who will question the point, that till within a very few years this. science 'has not been attended to according to its pri vate and public importance. While we have solicitously re garded the formation and mechanism of our carriages, and la boured to expedite their loco-motion, by endeavouring to im prove the breed of our horses, we have unaccountably neglected the roads by which they were to travel. The very improvements which have taken place I am almost tempted to ascribe to ne cessity, when the termination-of the war discharged upon the country a superfluity of hands for labour ; as 'these could neither be employed by the manufacturer, nor paid by the agriculturist, employment on the roads became a " Bernier resort." By these means much has been done, and much is now doing, to 'facili tate the internal communication of the country. 1 nave been engaged for nearly 30 years as a Surveyor of private and pub lic roads; and as the columns of your valuable paper are al ways open to every thing connected with national improvement, I take the liberty ofstatiug the results of my experience through your journal to the public. The first scene of my operations in this line was the making and maintaining an Act of Parliament road, of which I was the Surveyor and Treasurer. -- Though 1 bestowed upon it my best attention, and employed the most experienced workmen the neighbourhood at that time - afforded, -at the end of about nine years my success was not at all 'adequate to my wishes or ex pectations. I was at that time, 1 may now be allowed to say, 'a novice in the science, and being dissatisfied with the method I.had hitherto practised myself, and every method I had seen, I determined to adopt a new system of ray own. On that -. system I have since invariably a.ted; and I beg leave to lay before you the process, because the state of my roads - and ex penditure prove that my efforts have been crowned with Coma plete success. In the first place, I view the whole length of the road I have to improve: I observe its form and breadth,. and what materials have been used ; whether they have been TOll o '4l or small broken; and what conduits may be required to free the road from water. When these observations hays been attended to, I commence my improvements by employing men who have been my work men for a considerable tune, and are become 'masters of their business. These persons I furnish with proper hammers, picks, rakes,, scrapers, shovels, and wheel-barrows ; for the making of which implements 1 have impraved models of my own, but 'which . I cannot now describe without engrossing too large as portion of your valuable paper. After having cleared the road of water as much as possible, I proceed to hack up the whole breadth of the road, where it appears necessary, endeavouring carefully to rake off every stone, the cubic side or surface of Which exceeds l inches. The road is levelled as Igo on, and at the same time I have men employed in breaking the large stones, which have been raked oft, to the above dimensions : as many of these - as the circumstances of the road may require are replaced upon It. This part of the business requires a proper shovel, and a skilful operator with an accurate eye, where such can be met with. I have generally found it most advantageous to repeat the cover sparingly for two or three times, till the road appears sufficient; the surplus stones being left _unbroken, in proper places and at proper distances, for further contingencies. In repairing old roads which have been - made with half-broken stones, according to this system, the whole expence consists in the laboUr : there is neither quarry-work nor carting, and it frequently happens that on roads which were so bad as to be almost impassable before they were lifted, a larger quantity Of stones are found than are requisite for • the present use of the roads : in some cases they are fully equal ao half the expellee of labour. ‘l'hen the road is thus made, I pay the greatest atten tion to scratching down the ruts, and keeping the road perfectly level, till the whole becomes like a smooth cement, and capable of bearing almost any weight. I have never acted -as Surveyor of any road which required a greater depth than from five to six inches of blue limestone, (as circumstances require) ; the Mate rial to which I have been most accustomed, and to which 1 give the preference. - Sometimes, however, from propinquity cf ma terials; or other causes, I have made roads of rough- gravel with equal success—always carefully breaking down the large stones to the dimensions I have before mentioned, or nearly so. • Along with other improvements, I have not neglected ao study the form of roads, and should generally give it as my opinion, that they ought to vary according to the quality of the materials. If the road is constructed of hard stones, I should prefer it nearly level; if softer and less durable Materials have been used, the centre of the road requires a greater elevation% but at all events it ought to be so formed as to pass the water, which if suffered to remain and stagnate upon the surface would infallibly do much damage. i . - I confess myself in direct opposition to the method which many - Surveyors recommend and practice;—that of forming the substratum of their road of large stones, reducing them gra dually, and crowning it with stones of proper size. Here lam a Radical Reformer, and recommend that the read throughout should be of the same material and the same size ; as 1 think the contrary system equally inexpedient, whether die tor/ is on a soft or hard bottom. 1 would also beg leave to recommend to the Surveyors of both public and private roads, Where cir cumstances. require, or will admit it, to remove the gutters of the road, and give them their course on the field side of the hedge. This will in many situations be found a material im provement, and enable them to widen their roads to suit their purposes, where the lanes are narrow. Such is the system I have new followed for many years with complete success. But though the enlightened and the liberal approve my plan. and have-for some years surveyed the results or my labours with approbation, such is theitifluence of preju dice and ignorance, that I see many. Surveyors still stumbling on in the ways of error.. 'When I see their lanes full of excel lent materials thrown together like a remnant of chaos, without order, symmetry, or effect, they remind me of at rs. Bountiful, it neighbouring farmer's wife's Christmas suppers, when, amidat a profuSion of excellent viands, . and on a tablegroaning with plenty, all harmony arid comfort are, destroyed by the want of the " Mons divinior ' to direct the culinary operations. When any man has been so ingenious or fortunate as to -strike ant any new light in science, las the discovery of Harri son's Time-piece, or Jenner's Vaccination, 1 consider it as' much a matter of policy as of duty in the Government of his country to reward hint • but when the ouestion is the advance ment of any art with which many-are already' acquainted, it is not who can do it, Wit who can do it best and cheapest. Ido think it was bad policy on the part of the Executive to reward any man with £4OOO for a discovery, which was no discovery to many. Would it not have been 'moreadvantageous nationally, as well as fairer to the individuals concerned, to propose a premium for the best and roost explanatory Essay on the sub ject of making and improving roads ; to invite as many.com petitors as possible, and to reward diem according to their re spective deserts ? With the, successful geatteman I have no quarrel: I consider him a good road-rnaltee ; but froth his sys tem I have not been able to glean one hint which I had not practised before he probably ever thought upon the subject. I cannot ; therefore, but think he stole a march' upon the public : it is the principle and not the man I should wish to arraign, as "deter dignissimo" has ever been and-ever shall be my motto and maxim. I am, Sir, your most obedient Servant, JAMES KITCHING. Rokeby, near Greta Bridge, Jan. 1, 1822-. FOR nit SUS, MODERN POLITICAL ECONOMY [LETTER VII.] Ma. Enrroa—Mentioning the Times News paper in my last, puts me in mind of a very preg nant proof of the great spread of the principlet of this truly • modern science. Somebody bad chanced to say that the difference in the produc tion of harvests must make a great difference iiii the prosperity of agriculture. Whereupon, up . jumps one of the ablest scholars of this school, and declares tbat this'position is false ; because if a farmer get 100 quarters and sell for 31. a quarter, it is the same as-if he got 75 quarters, and sold it for 4/. Consequently there is no difference ; the farmer can pay the same rent and other burthens, and have the same profit, whether the harvests plentiful or scarce ; the difference falls only on the public in the price of the corn. This is so clear acid satisfactory, that I am afraid other minds have been convinced by it, besides political economists and their admiring readers ; I am afraid that sonic of our landed gentry (to whom such flattering statements are oo welcome te.be doubted) ha T ve lent ti willing aar to this doctrine ; which, however, would be true with an If; but the if is so important here, that it is a mark of the greatest ignorance, or the most wilful blindness, to overlook it. /fall farmers obtained equalcrops in a failing harvest, and the de ficiency fell equally on all, according to the quality and rental of their land, then—what then? Would they then make as much money of their total crop as' if the produce had been abundant 1---- - Woul4 they obtain price in proportion to ciency; so as to cover their rent and charges, and suffer nothing ?—Truly they might, provided that one of two things, or both, did not interfere; these re—first, a considerable surplus on land from previous abundant harvests; secondly, foreign corn imported free of duty. The first, only, might falsify the conclusion, which carries the imposing air of mathematical precision ; but the second may, and often has, destroyed it totally and most fatally for British agriculture. But it needs not that %;:e should thus refute statement so absurd, for it happens in the veil nature of things that deficient crops are very irre gular, and that all possible degeees of misfortune and advantage visit the occupiers of different soils, and farms, though often in the same neigh bourhood. We sec in seasons when -the mildew' is very destructive to wheat—all one farmer' wheat good, and another farmer's wheat all . destroyed, or nearly so; • Two fields shall be parted by only a hedge or a. ditch, and one of them shall yield, a bright crop, and eta other be black and . good for nothing. ' , • It might with more truth be said - (with the foregoing Irs) that every parish, or rather every county, will realize the same, total sums ; but if it were so, it falls into partal hands, and is not available. Those who lose their crops must paY their roils, and every other contribution, just 55 much as those who gain them, as far as it is Vs: sible ; and if it be ,not,' - they may be sold up and distressed in consequestee of the misfortune in flicted by Providence. But this is an unanswer able reason why room should be made in rents and charges for the . arerage .produce seasoig , to afford safety and moderate profits to cultiva tors ; for other severe losses are partial ton, 59 the rot in sheep, or distempers in horses or cat tie; and besides, the advantage orlossin crops mil: another failing harvest, change . . places, both parties might escape, ruin if they hate something before-hand ; but no mitigation visit them ; wages are equally expended ; seed apt' cultivation are equally used ; harvest expenr° COMP to much the same ; rent is e quallY exigible ; taxes are not remitted ; poor-rate s fall the sauce on those who lose their ,tort'' and on those who get it :—nor - can all be otherwise, but by the mercy of the Landlord , in giving time, or postponing the payment—lo t it shews that when charges press too much ' 4 ' l the total prodw:e, cultivators are placed 11 ' jeopardy, and mischief is likely to happen on °' large scale. I speak what I, know, Mr. Editor/ and what I have sqXered. ~, remain &c. , A PEI-LTV'S' , * The larger the circle the greater the likelihood to be oil' but it is not true even of the NATION. OLD BAILEY. F.MBEZ Z LEN! ENT. 11 , Yesterday James Drinkwater was indicted for embezzling the property of William-Kemp. - be The prosecutor is a baker, residing in Someri-town, fald t o prisoner was in his employment. It was ttie prisoner's dint the collect the money from the customers, and' pay it over to.t apprentice. It was proved by a witness attic name of C o llet , that she r 7 ,0 a one-pound note to the prisoner on the day inmtioned in indictment. • te ) the Apprentice, who was bound over to - give evidence, called; but did not appear. The prisoner, in his defence, said, that K.emp,• the PrOse c* tor, offered to make up the matter for 101. The Court gave its opinion that tier was not sufficient 14 - dente to convict the prisoner, and he was therjoie acquitto l • e ; Henry Heritage wr s indicted for e'nbe72ling 101.. in sa. ; • reigns, the pioperty of William Wilkinson No:Ire; and Thor' Simmons, for devising, abetting, and counselling him to cev' I . the act. I On the 22d of November, the . proSecutor's son gave the 1) ; ( 1 sone'. Heritage.lo sovereigns, desiring him to get them chl i e for farthings at toe ?flint. The prisoner went off with t h e money, and never returned either with the farthings er, e sovereigns. - Last month the prosecutr met him by aedu and immediately took him into custody. otc' A costermonger swore, that Simmons said to him in the r. 40 01 sauce of Heritage, " Don't you 'think .112qtage is a d--- (1 ,!,o, to keep the sovereigns his; master ; , rave him?"' "Witness reP'''' that Heritage must be the-best judge of-that. /1 The Jury fotind Heritage Guilty, and acquitted the ot prisoner. BIRTHS. 0P On Monday, the 14th inst. at Eltham, the Lady of Car Ord, Royal Engineers, of a daughter. . On the 26th ult. at Grove :louse, near Carniarthen, ti .e l'''''' of 11. Thicknesse VlToodington. Esq. of P. eon. ______,-- MAURIED. On Tuesday, 15th inst. at Foots Cray, by the Rev. v o , riner, J. • R. Coryton, Esq. son of the Rey. 0. Coryton, of '44,, zance, to Elizabeth,' the only daughter of William Rose se' worth, Principal Clerk in the Office of the Auditovof the ceipt of his Majesty's Exchequer. DIED. _,•, t • On Tuesday, the 15th instant, at her house, Upper T , "- - ...,t ir ! ef in her 33d year, Mrs. Wilson, relict of the lite Chris ti/1 " Wilson, Esq. tv ' •1 ;' At Worthing, on Friday, the 11th instant, Mr. - 800 Hawes. —6e) Printed and Published, for the - PnoPnlETons, at the OFFICE, 112, Strand, by J. B. 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