The Sun. — London, England, 1832-09-24 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. We have been desirous, for soul; days past, to submit to the consideration of our readers a complete analysis, which we have prepared, of the evidence taken before the Committee on the Bank of England Charter, arranged in a way to enable those who run to read, to see, and to judge fairly of its value ; but before we do this, we deem it proper still further to urge upon the attention of the public the extent and nature of the exchange of commodities, by which the uses of currency and banking will be more clearly seen and better understood. One of the pre vailing mistakes in regard to banking is, as we have previously stated, an undue importance which is attached to it—the assuming it to be a primary principle in the great combination of social affairs, while, in fact, it is only an action of dispensable convenience. The total annual money value of the aggregate produce of the soil of Great Britain, at the average prices of the last three or four years, may be stated at 160,000,000/. ; of which the producer may be considered as consuming, for his own subsist ence, about 25,000,0001. per annum, leaving 135,000,0001. annually for exchange, in the first instance for money, and for appropriations in about the following proportions—viz. For rent In wages, for domestic service 4,500,000 For day labour 26,500,000 Parochial assessments Tithes To artificers, such as wheelwrights, smiths, carpenters, masons, and others 12,000,600 Total indispensable charge • 91,500,00)0 leaving 43,500,0001. exchangeable against ar ticles of clothing, domestic utensils, fuel, and all such articles as minister to the conveniences and comforts of domestic life. The above amounts have been deduced from data now before us, which enables us to assure our readers that they are near approximations to precision ; but were they not so, they would not the less suffice for the purpose of illustrating a principle like the one we are about to lay down. It will be seen, that whatever money price the produce of the soil may obtain, to that extent, be it little, or be it much, will be tile power of purchase and con sumption of all such articles of manufacture as minister to the convenience, the comforts, and enjoyments of the agricultural class of producers. The various modes of appropriation of.the above detailed amounts, were they to be accurately stated, would develope some of the nicest features of political economy, into the minute details of which, however, it is not our intention, on this occasion, to enter ; but we will state .generally that the 40,000,0001. of rental is re-expended largely in articles of luxury, and which contri bute greatly to the existing order of taxes ; that the 4,500,0001. wages for domestic service is expended mainly—indeed, speaking generally, we may say wholly—for clothing ; the 26,500,000/. for day labour, mainly in food for bare subsistence ; so with the 5,500,000/. of parochial assessments, the two remaining items, in about equal proportions, for food, clothing, and articles of convenience and comfort; and-the whole again, in the aggregate involution of action and ex change which they occasion, give rise, to a de mand for manufactures, and all such articles as minister to the convenience, comfort, and enjoy ment of the community at large: - that is, if the aggregate produce of the soil be, as it has been, on an average of the last four 'years, about 160,000,0001. per annum, it creates a legitimate demand for a corresponding amount of all other productions ; but, in addition to these, on all average of the last five years, there has. been an nually imported products to the value of 45,000,0001., which create a demand for a cor responding amount of English productions, making, in the first instance, a total exchangeable value of 205,000,000/. against 205,000,000/.; but as the whole mass of productions on both sides pass between the producer and importer, and the consumer, on. an, average, through the hands of two intermediate parties, the involved operation, in the- aggregate,. gives rise to an account six or eight times the value of the articles consumed, and now it is that the uses of currency and banking will be apparent. In the earliest stages of social life, articles were exchanged for articles, or, in other words, exchange is effected by barter. The first step in advance is by confidence, and next by home token ; but as man, beyond any other ani mal—more especially so in his emergence from brute barbarity towards a social state and-moral rectitude—appears inherently fraudulent, value for value appears to have been an indispensable stipulation ; but it is readily seen that great in convenience would soon prevail under a state of barter, from the circumstance of a person hav ing an article to dispose of and not being able to e xchange it on the spot for such articles as his f a ncy, taste, or caprice might lead him to think he wanted. To meet this sort of inconvenience, periodical resorts (fairs) prevail ; but as these, while they afford great facility, do not meet all the difficulties which attend the most conveni ent mode of exchange, by the course of events, silver and gold, from their intrinsic qualities of malleability and indestructibility, combined with their comparative :,carcity, and consequent high appreciation, have for centuries, and by the con sent of all mankind, been deemed - the most con venient standards of value. The application of gold and silver, for the purpose of balancing the exchange of commodities, or as tokens of exchange, under the circumstances of society emerging from a state of rudeness to habits of social intercourse, may be regarded as" judicious and proper; but to cling to them uncfer the circumstances of society having_ _attained the highest degrees of refinement and of sci entitle attainment, may be regarded as a libel on the character of the age.. Natute has given to gold and silver properties which will always ensure them a deserved and high appreciation ; but that useful class of English society, the agriculturists, do not toil to raise 160 millions value of produce e'nnnally for the sake of either silver or gold ; they raise it to exchange for other commodities, and any ar ticle, or species of currency, that virost conve niently facilitates that exchange is the article which an enlightened and common-sense com munity would adopt. In different stages of so ciety, and in different parts of the world, various articles have been adopted for currency, -iron, lead, copper, tin, leather, skins, shells, 'have all in their turn been constituted standards of value. In some of the interior countries of Africa, in the present day, honey, and in other parts of the world sugar, is the standard of value ; but all of these, as well as silver and gold, are open to every sort of objection ; and paper, in con junction with science and due regulation, not only presents itself as the most convenient, but the only proper material out of which to consti-. tute a currency for such a state of society as that which England has now arrived at. Those who declaim against it bespeak themselves either to tally ignorant of the distinction between the use and abuse of a thing, or viciously inclined to advocate a cause as repu g nant to common sense as it is injurious to the best interests of so ciety. That among a people supplying disciples For Johanna Soutlicote and Robert Owen, and other fanatics whom we might name, there should be some to advocate the most absurd notions in political science, need not surprise ; but that a Paper assuming to itself the cha racter of the leading Journal of Europe, should rave from day to day about filthy rags, which term it applies to a paper currency, in language that would expose the frequenter' of the most vulgar tap or political union to the extreme of ridicule and contempt, is equally a libel on the party promulgating and on those who patronise such effusions.—Morning Herald. Though we have received no further accounts of the death of King Ferdinand of Spain than those which reached London on Saturday, we see no reason to doubt of the fact. Nor are we disposed to undervalue its importance in the present crisis of European affairs. His Catholic Majesty has been regarded as a type of absolute despotism and fanatical intolerance ; but though such qualities might appear in his policy, they -did not exist in his personal character. On the other hand, his brother, Don Carlos, who must succeed him in real authority, either as possessor of the Crown or Regent of the kingdom, and whose influence will be the same in either capa city, is both a bigot and a tyrant. Thence the cautious prudence and specious moderation, pro ceeding probably from heartless indifference,with which the Spanish Government has been con ducted for some years past under Ferdinand, is likely to be changed into a more active malignity of oppression, and to excite a higher correspond ing degree of disaffection. It is not improbable, therefore, that a change of system, and the establishment of constitutional freedom, may spring from the excess of despotism with which Spain is now threatened. An important source of political schism and of Court intrigue, which may shake the monarchy on its basis, is not less certain. Ferdinand is dead, leaving no son to succeed him. In contemplation of such an event, and desirous that Spain should enjoy the benefit of being governed by a Princess, if not a Prince, of his own progeny, his Catholic Majesty altered, some two or three years ago, the law of succession to the Crown. The Bourbons had carried with them into Spain the Salic law, which excludes females from the possession of supreme power. This law has existed in Spain from the time of Philip V. to nearly the present date. It did not prevail previously either in Spain or Portugal, as may be recollected, from the reign of Isabella, and from that of the mother of the late King John. Ferdinand had cancelled it without any appeal to the Cortes of the kingdom, or any consultation wi , h those Princes whom the change might affect. Will Don Carlos submit to such a re cent instance of arbitrary legislation which dis inherits his own family, arid makes him the sub ject, instead of being the Sovereign, of his bro ther's infant daugther ? If he sets aside the new law, will he not be regarded as another Don Miguel, usurping the rights of his niece ? If he does not, will there not be a perpetual source of struggle and division in his Govern ment, from the antagonist pretensions of the voting Queen's guardians and the substantial power of the Regent ? Of the influence which the death of Ferdinand, in such circumstances, and at such a moment, may have on the for tunes and fate of the Peninsula—of the effect which it may produce on the contest now going on in Portugal—and of the personal character of the deceased despot—we refrain at present from speaking. An opportunity must occur for discussing these topics in a few days.—Times. We have received no further accounts of the state of the negotiations between Holland and Belgium, nor any news of importance from either of these States since Saturday. We, therefore, postpone some intended remarks till we can connect them with additional information. Our Dutch correspondent, who is evidently ac quainted with the contents of the note submitted to the Conference, does not in the least invali datp the force of our Saturday's observations. The propositions of Belgium could notformally have been transmitted to the Court of the Hague by the Conference, because they were not formally submitted to the Conference by his Belgic Majesty. But the two Powers which had ratified the Belgic treaty without reserva tion, were the proper channels through which to send any admitted modification. The proposi tions in question—though not sanctioned by the Conference—were made known to each of its member - s, and if the King of Holland did not intend to view them in that light, why did he address the Conference on the subject ? If his Dutch Majesty's note was a private communica tion to Lord Palmerston, as a British Minister, and not as President of the Conference, why was it'not limited to his private ear,—why was it ad dressed, not only to the Conference, but to all the great Courts of Europe ? There could . not be a greater aggravation of bad faith and trickery than such a mode of defence. But our corre spondent denies that the note of Holland was insulting. Let it be produced, and we shall see. Its insulting character, we may, however, re • mark, might consist as much in neglecting to take notice of the propositions to which it purported to be an answer, as in the use of positive terms of crimination . We have no doubt that it sinned in both , respects, and that it was intended, not for Downing-street or for peace, but to keep up the spirit of the monopolists of Rotterdam or Amsterdam, and to animate the fury of the ab solutist factions in Europe, who expect to derive advantage from the result of a war.— Times. Ferdinand VII. of Spain has departed this life, leaving a daughter, Maria Louisa Isabel. The old law of Castille allowed daughters to succeed to the Crown ; but when Philip the Fifth ascended the thrown, the Salle law was in troduced into Spain. But Ferdinand, some time before the birth of his daughter, re-established tlia old law, by which daughters could succeed to the thront..., Under the law repealed by Fer dinand, he would have been succeeded by his brother Don Carlos ; and it will now be seen whether Don Carlos will allow the Infanta to succeed her father, or will dispute the succession. The Constitutionnel quotes a passage from a letter from Madrid, in a Bordeaux paper, pub lished several days before the arrival of the intel ligence of Ferdinand's death, according to which it would appear that opposition from Don Carlos was anticipated on the death of Ferdi nand. The passage is as follows The Queen of the French, Maria Amelia, keeps up an a ctive and very affectionate correspondence with our Queen. It appears that the latter has imparted to the Queen of the French the difficult position in which she would find herself if Fer dinand were to (lie ; for, says she, the Apostoli cals, in spite of the sanction given to the Anti- Salic law by the Deputation of this kingdom, appear determined to demand the revision, which would place her under the necessity of havin g recourse to Louis Philip." Ferdinand's widow, Maria Christina, of Naples, is niece of the Queen of the French ; but Louis Philip will not, we presume, make his relationship a ground for interference in the domestic affairs of Spain. Mr. Inglis, in his sensible work of Spain in 1830, enters at some length into the character of Don Carlos, and from his account, we should he disposed to anticipate any thing from him ra ther than an abandonment of his claim to the succe=sion " I was witness (he says) to a strange scene of rivalry between the King and Don Carlos. When the King's carriage drove up to the gate of the Court, Don Carlos and his wife and family were seated in the area, and his car:iage was in waiting : upon this occ asion the King ar rived in state; a party of Dragoons attended him, and his coachmen were in Court dresses. The carriage of Don Carlos was in strange contrast with that of the King ; it was drawn by six mules, harnessed with ropes ; in place of postillions in Court dresses, his servants were in the dress of Spanish peasant., in their holiday clothes —one on the coach-box, the other employed as a runner by the head of the mules. Don Carlos affects all this appearance of simplicity and Spanish usage to please the people; and for the same reason his wife generally appears in a man tilla. The moment the King's carriage appeared, Don Carlos left the Court with his wife, and continued to walk in the most crowded part of the garden, while the King and Queen remained, dividing the attention which their Majesties would otherwise have received, and indeed en grossing the larger share of it. I could not avoid re marking the greater popularity of Don Carlos among the lower orders: while they only took off their hats as the King passed, they bow,d almost to the ground at the presence of the Infante. The presence of the Queen, however, always produced a favourable impression; espe cially when contrasted with that of her aspiring rival. One cannot look at the spouse of Don Carlos with out perceiving that she covets a Crown ; while, in the countenance of the Queen, we read indifference to it. Upon frequent other occasion-, while in Madrid, I had proofs of the anxiety of Don Carlos to recommend himself to the people. The most marked of these was upon the evening when the Queen gave birth to a Prin cess ; not an hour after this was known the Infante drove through the streets and along the Prado in an open car riage, with his three sons, who, by the repeal of the Salle Law, were that day cut out of their inheritance. The event to which I have alluded—the accouchetnent of the Queen—was a matter of deep interest in Madrid, and be fore its accomplishment there was the utmost anxiety among all ranks. Each party had its own views. The moderate or Government party, and many belonging to the other parties, who desire peace and tranquillity, anxiously looked to the birth of a Prince as an event that would at once extinguish the claims of those who, but for the repeal of the Salic Law, would have had a right to the Throne in ca-e of the birth of a Princess. The Carlists secretly wished that the event might be precisely the op posite ; and the Liberal party, seeing some possible advan tage in whatever should tend to unsettle the existing Go vernment, united their wishes with those of the Carlists; but the great majority of the respectable inhabitants, per ceiving in the birth of a Prince a guarantee for the tran quillity of the kingdom and the security of property, de voutly wished that such might be the event." There would seem Co be every reason then for anticipating from Carlos an attempt to set aside the daughter of Ferdinand ; and the next ques tion for consideration is the probability of suc cess. The same gentleman, Mr. Inglis, gives the following account of the state of parties in Spain : " I left England (he says) in the belief that there existed in Spain two great parties—the Constitutionalists and the adherents of the Government; the latter party, indeed, soinewhat divided—and comprising many shades of opinions, ranging from absolutism to a point somewhere between that and moderation. But this estimate I disco• vered to be very erroneous. I found thus parties in Spain : the Absolutists, there denominated Carlists ; the Govern ment party, there called the Moderate party ; anti the Liberals. The most influential of these parties is beyond all question the first. Reckoning the total population of Spain, this party is by far the most numerous ; it com prises the great mass of the lower orders throughout Spain ; and, in many parts, almt•st the whole population—as in Toledo, the towns and villages of the Castiles, and the Pro vinces of Murcia and Catalonia. it comprises, with few exceptions the 130,000 friars, and a great majority of the clergy, and it comprises a considerable proportion of the military, both officers and privates ; but chiefly the former. With such components, it is evident that this party does not depend for its power solely upon its numerical supe riority. Every one knows that there is uncounted wealth in the convents and churches of Spain * Such appear to me to be the elements of the party called Carlists—the strongest in numbers and wealth, and the weakest in intelligence." Mr. Inglis says, that " The liberal party comprises the principal intelligence of the coun try ; and subtracting from the population the lowest orders, the employes, the friars, and the priests, it possesses a great numerical majority." The adherents of the existing Government were the fewest in number. If Carlos be determined to assert his claim, he certainly possesses power ful resources; but yet his superiority would not seem to be so decided as to make success a matter of certainty. Another point of some consequence is the influence which the death of Ferdinand may have on the state of things in Portugal. We should suppose that a con test in Spain would rather at first favour Don Pedro, though ultimately he might suffer from it. A short time will serve to remove doubts on the subject. In the mean time, however, we should suppose the probability is, that Carlos will endeavour to possses the Crown, and that he will be successful.—Morning Chronicle. The report of the King of Spain's death, announced in a Ministerial Paper of Saturday, was supposed to rest on the authority of a com munication made by the French Minister to Lord Granville, and this fact appears to be confirmed by the subjoined letter. Up to a late hour last night we, however, understand, that no confir mation of the event had been received direct from Madrid. Upon the probability and effect of such an event we have received the following communication : PA Itls, SEPT. 22._ The mail of last night had departed when I learnt that the French Ministry had received a telegraphic dispatch from Bayonne, announcing the death of the King of Spain, which news General Sebastiani immediately communicated to the Ambassadors of the principal European Powers. This piece of information, however, has taken many people by surprise, notwithstanding it was previously known that his Catholic Majesty had experienced a severe attack of the gout, and would scarcely have received implicit credit, if it had not been communicated in so formal a manner by the organ of the French Government, p irticularly as no mention appears to have been made of the precise nature of the malady, and gout is not a pressing one, or the date or place at which the event is said to have happened. I am given to believe that even the date of the telegraphic dispatch is not given, and I am further assured that not even the origin of the dispatch is known ; so that it is matter of doubt whether the message came from the Spanish Government or a French functionary in Madrid. Our last accounts from the Spanish capital are of the 11th, at which time the Court was at La Granja, or a, Euglismen generally call it, St. Ildefonzo, at which time there was no appearance of danger. The King has for years been afflicted with the gout, but within the last four or five years the attacks have not been so severe. According to the latest advices the seats of the disorder were the hand and knee. In 1825 he was dangerously ill, but since that period the disorder has been less virulent. Of course this - occurrence has set all the Liberals agog, and their hopes are wound up to the highest pitch. Those who are opposed to England, and desirous that French influence should prevail in the Peninsula, would r juice at any disturbance that might give rise to the non execution of the ancient law of succession in Spain, by Fifth, Philip the hich females ay be o n calledh his m accession, to tli r a o n n d e , pur suant March 18, 1 713. Thi s si v e, i iv r a t on t l i t, e etd o o f iaj t y v law was not re-established by King Ferdinand the Seventh, but by his father, Ch irks the Fourth, with the sanction of the Estates of the Realm, and with the concurrence of the said King and Cortes kept secret, the law having passed some time about the commencement of the French Revolution. King Ferdinand the Seventh found this law clothed with all the usual formalities, and in promul. gating it did no more than meet the wishes of his father and the Estates, the motives for which it had been kept secret having ceased. It would he impossible to foresee the consequences of such an event as the death of the King of Spain, if the accounts received should prove true; but well-informed persons, who know Spain and the Spanirds better than the ruling Liberals of the day, assure me that no serious disturbances or civil war are to be apprehended, as the ancient law of Spain, revived in the manner above-men tioned, is the only one that regulates the succession in all the majorazgos or entailed estates in Spain, and in this respect was always in force, even when abolished as re garded the Crown. This anomaly, so touch opposed to the true monatchical principle and the character of the people, induced the Estates to revive the law in the time of Charles IV. The only real thing that both Liberals and Moderates may have well-founded reasons for expecting is, that in case another Cabinet should be formed, in consequence of the event above alluded to, it will not be so obsequious to either the French or British Governments as King Fer dinand VII. has been, for in many respects his forbear ance was remarkable. Measures in reference to Portugal will therefore rather be invigorated than relaxed, particu larly as some of Don Pedro's disgraceful plans to disturb the tranquillity of Spain, and the patronage he is bestow ing on some of her most revolutionary natives, have excited great disgust. If, therefore, other people do not observe the neutrality which they profess to adopt, it cannot be expected that the Spaniards will be very punctilious when the fire is allowed to be kindled which is intended equally to burn them. I shall merely add that it is here currently reported, and in the first political circles, that a French army of 40,000 or 50,000 men is proceeding to Antwerp to take the citadel, whilst the brave Belgians are to be left to battle the watch with the Dutch army. It is also whit jarred that a combined maritime force will shortly appear on the coast of Holland. These movements, it is 'said, are snug,between France and England, the three Great Pokers not being in the secret.—Morning Post. The refusal of the King of Holland to give any definitive and satisfactory answer to the pro posals of the London Conference, for the final settlement of all questions relative to the separa tion of Belgium and Holland, is a result for which we were long ago amply prepared, and which cannot be productive of the slightest asto nishment, except in those who have not at tended to the course of a series of negotiations the most procrastinated, and the most patient, and the most peace-loving, that are on record in the history of Europe. What the Conference may do next remains to be seen ; but if conjunc tively they hesitate for one moment in adopting coercive measures, they are, without exception, the silliest body of statesmen that ever put pen to paper, or if separately, France and England do not interfere for the same purpose, there is no species of indignity of which they are not worthy, and which it will not well be come them to accept, from whatever quarter it may proceed. We have all along deemed the foreign policy of the present Cabinet to be miserably weak and pusillanimous ; but we have bad patience with it, because it is a peace-seek ing and peace-loving policy, and because we have already suffered enough from former wars to render us cautious in advising an engagement in others ; but the moment is now come when the honour of the country must be vindicated, or the Grey Cabinet give way to another more capable of maintaining it. The conduct of the King of. Holland is an insult to all Europe ; but more especially is it an insult to England, whose Ministers have conducted themselves towards him more as friends than as mediators, and only received in return for their kindness and moderation evasion and insult. The country will no longer tolerate, nor ought to tolerate, such conduct on the part of his Dutch Ma. jesty. Its Ministers may have been unwise in interfering at all in the affairs of Belgium and Holland ; but their interference having received the sanction of Parliament and of the country, having been acknowledged both by the King of Holland and by the King of Belgium, as well as by all the leading Powers of Europe, what now remains but that it should be vindicated at the point of the sword ? His Dutch Majesty is like all spoiled children, he has been too much indulged, and has received too much encourage ment in his wayward humours ; it remains now to be seen whether a little correction .may not operate to a more wholesome end, and whether Russia and Prussia will prove traitors to all their declarations and agreements, by attempting to protect him from the just punishment which he has earned at the hands of France and England. —Morning Advertiser. CORONER'S INQUEST. On Saturday evening an inquisition was taken before Mr. STIRLING and a highly respectable jury, at the sign of the Three Jolly Gardeners, at Ham mersmith, on the body of Joseph Levens,Esq. aged 74, a gentleman of independent fortune, of No. 27, Leicester-square, who came by his death in the fol lowing dreadful manner : Mr. Charles Porter, a maltster at Hammersmith, stated, that on Tuesday evening, bet ween seven and eight o'clock, he was standing near the Red Cow at Hammersmith, when he saw the deceased walking on the footpath towards London. A Windsor stage coach was coming along the road in the same d.rec tion, and the deceased stepped from the footpath into the road, for the purpose of stopping the coach. He had scarcely got into the road when a gentle man and a lady in a gig drove past the stage-coach on the wrong side of the road, and knocked the de ceased down, and the wheel went over him. Wit ness called out to the gentleman to stop, but lie did not attend to it, and drove on. 'Witness went up : to the deceased, and, having got assistance, they conveyed him on a shutter to the workhouse, in order that lie might have every attention paid to him. By the Jury—The gentleman in the gig appeared to be sober. The deceased was perfectly sober. cannot say whether it was done by accident or not. I do not think that the gentleman in the gig had time to pull up It was rather dark at the time, and I cannot say whether the gentleman tried to pull up the horse or not. The gentleman was afterwards stopped by some persons. CORONER—At what rate did the gentleman ap pear to be driving ? Witness—l should think at the rate of between 8 and 9 miles an hour. CORONER—Do you think there was sufficient room for the gentleman to have passed without injuring the deceased ? Witness—There was plenty of room, the road is very wide where the accident happened. The stage-coach was in the centre of the. road, and there was room for him to have passed on either side. CORONER—Do you think the gentleman saw the deceased ? Witness—Yes, he did, and I heard him call out to him, but not in time for him to get out of the way. Richard Wood, a police constable, of the G divi sion, No. 122, stated that he was on duty on Tues day evening. About 10 minutes past 7 o'clock, he heard a shouting, and went to the place,' and found that several gentlemen had stopped a gig, and were persuading a gentleman to get out of h is g i g an d go and see wliat injury he had done, but he refused and said it was of no consequence. Witness insisted upon his going or giving him his address. He then gave his address, Mr. Mullins, No. 13, Hadlow street, Brunswick-square. He did not appear to be a t all sorry for what had occurred, and was quite unconcerned. CORONER—Did he make any remarks to you ? \Viness—He said that if it had been the King and Queen he would have gone over them in the same m anner. Juror—How fur could you see before you P Witness—About 60 yards. The sergeant of police desired me to go to town with Mr. Mullins, to see that the address was correct, and I found it right. Lergeant Lang of the T division, No. 17, stated that he went up after the gig bad stopped, and heard him say, " I should like to lay hold of the fellow that collared me, and I would twist his nose off." A gentleman who was present gave witness his address, and said that if death occurred he would attend the inquest, as all such persons ought to be punished. CORoNER—Did you hear Mr. Mullins say any thing else ? Witness—Yes; I heard him say that if it had been WilliamlV. he would have gone over him. George Hadge, Esq., of No. 36, Devonshire street, Portland-place, stated, that he was on the ourside.of the Windsor coach on Tuesday evening. He called out to the gentleman in the gig that he had run over a person, but he took no notice, and drove on. Witness got off the coach and ran after him, and with some difficulty he was stopped. He requested him to get out of the gig and go back, for he hal run over a gentleman. He refused, and said he did not care, and that if he had been William IV. he would have run over him. Witness told a po liceman either to get his address or take care of him. Witness then went to assist the deceased, and after seeing him taken care of, he went back to the gig, and heard the gentleman making use of language re specting, the Kng and Queen. CORONER—Doyou not think you are mistaken as to the words used by the gentleman ? Witness—l am positive I am not. CORONER—I can hardly think that any man would make use of such language towards a fellow creature. Do you not think his words were, "If it had been William IV., I could not have helped running over him ?" Witness—Certainly not. Juror—Will you have the kindness to repeat the words again relating to the King ? Witness—lf King William IV. had been there, 'I would have run over him under the same circumstances. Juror—What was the impression on your mind when you heard such words made use of Witness— I must confess that those words caused me to tell the police to take care of him, as I thought it very strange language. Juror—Was there room for the gig to pass with out touching the deceased ? Witness—Yes, plenty of room. Mr. Thomas Robinson Bowling, surgeon, stated he was called in on Tuesday evening to attend the deceased. He had a bruise on the forehead and nose, and a severe wound on the inside of the left knee; the right foot was also fractured, and there was also concussion of the brain, and he had several injuries about his body. He bled him, and did every thing possible fer him, but he got worse, and died on Friday evening from the injuries he had received. The CORONER inquired if Mr. Mullins was pre sent ? The beadle said he was not; Mr. Mullins had not sent to Hammersmith to inquire after the deceased. A son of the deceased was present, and appeared greatly affected; he said that Mr. Mullins had not made any inquiries at his father's residence. . The CORONER now recapitulated the evidence, and observed, that if the Jury were of opinion that the unfortunate occurrence had been through neg lect, they would return a verdict of manslaughter ; on the contrary, if they were of opinion that it was done by accident, they would return a verdict sc. eordingly ; and it would be for them to consider what deodand they would affix upon the horse and gig._ _ . . - A long consultation now took place; some of the Jury were of opinion that a verdict of manslauhgter ought to be recorded, the majority, however, could not agree to it; after considerable discussion, the following verdict was recorded :—" Accidental death, and a deodand of 101. levied upon the horse and gig, for the neglect of the driver in trying to pass a four-horse stage coach, in so populous a neighbourhood, on the wrong side of the road in the dark." The deceased was a gentleman universally re spected, and a man of considerable literary attain ments. He was master of eight different languages, and had travelled a great deal abroad. He has left a widow and one son to lament his melancholy death. He was a man of unbounded charity, and his loss will be severely felt by the poor. POLAND. (From No. 190 of the Northern Bee (a Journal in the Russian language) of 18th August, 0. S. His Holiness, the Pope, has addressed the following brief to the Polish Bishops : " To the venerable brethren, greeting, with our aposto lical benedictions...--We have received information of the dreadul misery which the flourishing kingdom sustained in the course of the past year, and at the same time have earned that the only cause of it was the wickedness and perfidy of the evil-minded, who in that unhappy time, on. der the pretext of religion, rose against the lawful autho rity of the Sovereign, end by tearing asunder all the bonds of lawful submission, plunged their country into an abyss of misery. Prostrate before the altar of the Most High, we, his unworthy representatives upon earth, have shed abundant tears over the dreadful distress with which that part of the flock, committed by Divine Providence to our weak, but earnest care, was visited. In humility of heart we sought by prayers and sighs to appease the wrath of the most merciful Father, imploring him to send down to us consolation by the pacification of your country, which suffered by dreadful civil wars, as it had revolted against his beneficent lawful authority. At that time, venerable brethren, we sent you a brief to inform you that your distress bowed down our hearts ; also, we desired thereby to comfort and strengthen you with spiri tual care, in order that you might with new and indefa tigable zeal defend the true doctrine, and call on the clergy and the faithful intrusted to you to abide by it. We have learned, however, that in consequence of the obstacles that occurred, that letter never reached you. Now that, with the help of God, peace and tranquillity are happily re stored, we again, venerable brethren, open our heart to you, exhorting you with still greater earnestness to exert all your efforts to keep away from the flock intrusted to yon the causes of the lase misfortunes. Your duty obliges you to watch with the greatest vigilance that artful men, propagators of false doctrines, may not scatter among your flocks the seeds of lying and fatal doctrines. These men, under the cloak of zeal for the general good, use for bad ends the credulity of the simple, who, in their blind ness and ignorance, serve them as instruments to disturb the tranquillity of the kingdom, and to overturn the exist ing order of things. " It is fitting that, for the advantage and instruction of the faithful, or followers of Christ, the malevolence and per fidy of such lying prophets should be placed in a true light,—it is fitting on every occasion, and without fear, to refute their deceitful principles, by the immutable words of Holy 'Writ, and the authentic monuments of the traditions of tl e Church. From these pure sources, from which the Catholic clergy must derive the principles of their conduct, and the doctrines to be inculcated on the people committed to them, we clearly see that submission to powers ap pointed of God is an invariable principle, and that no one can refrain from fulfilling it, except in the case that by observing it he would violate the laws of God and the Church. 'Let every s one,' says the Apostle, be subject unto the higher pois ers, for there is no power but of God; the powers that be are ordained of God ; whosoever, there fore, resisteth the power resisteth the ordinance of God. Wherefore ye must need be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake.'—(St. Paul's epistle to the Romans.) In the same manner St. Peter teaches, " Submit your. selves to every ordinance of roan, for the Lord's sake, whether it be to the (Emperor (King), as supreme, or to by ye him, for to so si ts the th e Prince,"w l Ga u d n , hence the ignorance of foolish men."( s , t . Ep . i:tle of S. Peter, chap. 2.) The Christians of the I rimitive Church were faithful to these principles , to such an extent that, even in the midst of persecution, they served the Roman to th G at o w ve i r th nor w s) el a l- e d s o e i n n t g Emperors, and so p romoted the glory of the em p ire. Lik e Jesus, they acknow led g ed no ruler but Him in He a v en ; they knew how t o distin g uish between the eternal an d tem poral Ruler ; and out of love for the Lord of Heaven, they were subject to the sovereign on earth. The Holy Fathers. as you, v notable brethren, well know, always preached this doctrine ; thus the Catholic Church always wrote and still writes. By such principles the early Chris tians were guided in their conduct, and their legions never sullied themselves with treachery, which was so common among the Heathen troops. Let us hear what Tertullian says :---‘ We are calumniated to the Emperor ; yet the Christians never were par 'jeans of Albinian, or Nigrian, or Cassian. Traitors were seen only among those who the day before had sworn • " The Emperor," " the rrince," as in the German transla• iona.the fidelity before the heathen idols, and made Sacrifices to them, instead of prayers for the prosperity of the Emperor. Those very persons who often blamed the Christians, were convicted of hostile projects against the Emperor. The Christian can newt be an enemy. We are not only not enemies to the Emperor, but we are bound to love him, to honour him, to wish for his prosperity,' " In mentioning these principles recorded in the tradi tion, we do not suppose, venerable brethren, that they are unknown to you, nor do we feel that you will be wanting in vsl to advocate and to propagate the doctrine of the submission which subjects owe to the lawful Sovereign ; but we wish that this our brief may serve you as a proof of the sentiments with which we are filled towards you, and of our ardent wish that all the ecclesiastics of the kingdom may he distinguished by the purity of their doctrine, by prudent c.mduct, and by pious lives,—that they may he blameless in the sight of all men. In this manner we hope that affairs will be re stored to order for the general good. Your mighty Emperor will show you his clemency, and listen to our representa tions and request., to the manifest advantage of the Ca• tholic religion in the kingdom, which he promised it all times to protect. Sensible people will surely praise you and yours. Enemies hold their peace, as they have n o ground to blame you. In this expectation, lifting oar hands to heaven, we beseech Almighty God to enrich each of you more and more with heavenly favours; and we, who always have you in our heart, exhort you to perfect our joy by being filled with one senti ment, one .pirit and brotherly concord ; may one true doctrine proceed from your mouths—may y o ur words be blameless ! Preserve the deposit entrusted to you, and labour with united strength in the works of Evangelic faith. In conclusion, pray to God for us, with• out ceasing. From the bottom of our heart, and as I pledge of our paternal affection, we bestow on you and oft the flock cammited to your charge our apostolic be nediction. " Given at Rome, in the Church of St. Peter, en the 30th of Ju:y, in the year of our Lord, 1832, a nd of our Pontificate the Second." VIENNA, SEPT. 10.—Six per Cent. Meta'liquor 87 15-16; Four per Cent. 761; Bank Stock, 1145.--• Allgeneime Zeitung, Sept. 15. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING LAST WEEK. Wheat. 1 Barley. Oats. Beans. ............. ........... Per Quarter. s. to s. s. to s. s. to s. g 0. Car1i51e.................... 55 - 28 - 21 - 41 •••• Hexham...........-... 56 68 29 33 22 27 - -- Morpeth .....-......... 48 60 32 34 20 25 34 37 Sheffield --.........- 67 - 42 - 23 - 42 Winchester 51 61 30 36 22 24 42 46 I Per Bushel. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. P. i Carmarthen......... 16 0 70 136 40 14 19 00 0„' Coventry !7 0 9014 8 5 4 3 6 4 0 5 6 6 " Newcastle (Staff.) ;8 6 90! 6 4 6 6 3 6 3 9 5 4 5 ; Northallerton ..... I 7 0 93 36 46 33 40 56 60 5t0ne.......--....,-... '9 0 94' 5 6 6 0 3 9 4 0 6 4 7 " 5wan5ea,...........' 7 3 79 36 39 20 24 00 00, Warwick ,9 0 10 0: 4 6 50 22 26 73 '7 " Per 8011. 1 0 Barnardeastle ...... ,14 0 22 0 9 0 10 0 6 8 7 4 0 0 11 Durham 130 20 0: 9 3 106 53 7610 0 12 0 Richmond .-....... 17 3 21 01 9 4 10 0 58 90 86 9 0 Stockton ................. il4 6 18 0 96 10 0 54 70 00 02 WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET.-Sept. 21. Wheat, Red, Norfolk and Sufiblk...-s. 575. to 61s. fine 638. Lin. and Cam. ... ..... .-s. 568. to 60s. fine 625. Yorkshire -s. 565. to 60s. fine 625. White -s. 583. to 635. fine 651. - Foreign, Red s s. to 48s. fine 601. White -s. --s. to -s. fine 625. Barley, Norfolk and Suffolk - Lincolnshire 3ss. to 365. fine 401. - Yorkshire Wold 365. to 395. fine 405. - Foreign -s. to -s. fine -s. Beans, Small ---- Tick 33s. to 355. fine 36s Oats, Potato 2ls. to 235. fine 245. 1 - Poland -a. 201. to 22a. fine 248. - Friezland and Small --. Healing lod. to 111 d. per Stone. Shelling 24s. to 275. Od. per Load. Malt 34s. 435. fine 465. per Load. Rapeseed 221. Os. 241. Os. 261. Os. per Last. lei SCOTCH MARKETS. -_, Wheat. Barley Oats. Beans. Oat .- ► --/ ine, ---- - Aberdeen ..... 50 58 25 28 18 21 - - 27 ... 1 2 9 8erwick......... 36 50 20 23 14 20 22 24 34 3 ° Coldstream .... 46 50 23 25 16 18 22 23 - •••' Cupar ............. 68 71 30 34 22 25 29 31 -. .... Dundee ..,......... 54 64 30 33 20 25 30 31 - .." Elgin ........--. 60 62 28 30 18 21 23 30 I nvern e 55„...... 57 60 30 32 20 • 24 23 30 46 ••° Kelso ...,...... 36 50 20 22 16 17 23 25 - I ki Kirkaldy....- 40 45 27 39 25 32 45 48 43 Perth ...-....... 56 61 28 33 21 25 26 30 .- [l:7. The size of the measure varies throughout the country . .., EDINBURGH CORN MARKET.-Sept. 19. We had a large supply of all kinds of Grain to-day, 21 " the sales in general were rather heavy. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. Beait. First 72s Od 1 36s 6d I 26$ 8d 31s 01 311 qc!, Second 6os Od 32s Od 23s Od 3.3 s 0.1 331 Va .. , Third 34s Od 24s Od 21s Bcl 32s 05 32a Od PRICES OF PROVISIONS, &C. Beef, per lb. ... Os, 3d. to Os. 6d. Freshßutter, lb. 3.10(1. to Is 06 ; Mutt0n................ 0 3 0 6 Salt Ditto.. . 0 9 010 Veal .....- - .... ........ 0 6 0 8 Ditto, per cwt. i, 74 0 80 0 - Pork 0 4 0 6 Eggs, per dos. 0 9 0 Lamb, per qr. 0 6 3 0 OatStrawcltiq 7 0 8 ; fallow, cwt.... 35 9 37 6 Wheat Ditto... 7 0 8 0 Quartern Loaf 0 9 0 0 Barley Ditto -. 5 0 6g a Potatoes, 171 lb. 0 4 0 0 Hay, per 5t......... 0 8 1 ... 2 EDINBURGH MEAL MARKET.--Sept. IS ~,i The supply of Oatmeal at this day's market was moderate, a" sold heavily, at last week's prices. EDINBURGH MME A. The supply of Oatmeal at this sold heavily, at last week's !irk. Per Sack of 2801 b. Imp. First Oatmeal Second ditto 1 14 0 Barleymeal 1 10 0 Peasenteal . 1 5 0 Pot Barley—No. 1, per cwt. If Per Stone of 141 b. Imp o 0 First Oatmeal £0 1 1 0 Second ditto 8ar1eymea1......... ..... Peasemeal ,-2d. 15i.-3d. 204.—Peai19.! GLASGOW CORN MARKET.—Sept. 19. New Wheats continue to fall in value, and other descriptio n' of Grain are rather lower. (1 , Wheat, per 2401 b. s. d. s. d. Oats, per 2641 b. S. d. s,k,l British, old 24 0t029 0 Irish l36t o l"il -- new 24 0 26 0 British 0 Canada, free 27 0 29 0 Beans, per 2601 b. Irish Barley, per 3201 b. Scotti s h English 0 0 Pease, Scottish ... 16 0 1 : 3 0 Scottish.-- - 0 Irish CORNWALL MARKETS. ! Talmo—Wheat (average) 21s.3d.—Barley, 12s.—Oats,Ss. o",,1 ST. AUSTELL—Wheat, —s. to 24s.—Barley,—s. to 134.-- 0$ , Os. to 93. Od. PENZANCE—Wheat, 21s. to 23s.—Barley, —s. to 135..-- 001 ; 1, Os. to 9s. Od.—Beef and Mutton, sd. to W.—Pork, Od. to 44 Butter, 10d. per lb. i tft LAUNCESTON.—W h eat (average) 21s. Od.—Barley,llB.3(l.-- 4 7s. Od.—Beef, sd.—Mutton, 6d. ON LiskEaan—Wheat, —s. to 225. Od.—Barley, 13s. 6d.....03 0 . to Bs. at eb BoDMlN—Wheat (average) 225. Od.—Barley, 13s. Od.—Oath HELsToN—Wheat, 225. od.—Barley, lls 6d. 06 „... ST. CoLumn—Wheat, 245. to 25s.—Barley, 12s. to 135.-.. '4 and Mutton, sd. to 50.—Veal, W.—Lamb, sd. I MINING INTELLIGENCE. Tons. I) Quantity of Copper Ore sold at Redruth last Thurday 2,883 19 Quantity of fine Average Produce 9 Amount of 5a1e,20,3241. 19s. 6(l—Average Standard. 1081. '. „, MORTALITY FR OM C HOLERA IN ri,`"l•o —From the 26th of Ma rc h (when chol era b ro ke ou l b l i Paris) to Au g ust 31 s t i nc l us i ve , the number of destoo reported were 17,978. April and July were the . o fatal months: th e f ormer g i ves 12,723, an d the 1 $ ot 2,577 death, the mortality of the other three 1 taken together being but 2,67 B.—Medical Gazette. ri v CHOLERA MEDALS.—The French Goo 0/ ment has distributed a number of medals to those sO itt the inhabitants of Paris who were mos* canspietio ns / their philanthropic exertions during the late epidemic' Medical Gazette. o f On the Bth instant a child about three ears Y ore° age fell from a window at the Townhead of Glasgow , iO stories high. The wind having inflated its frock, the was buoyed up like a balloon, a n d d escen d e d gradto'lwr the earth with a rotatory m o ti on , exper i enc i ng n° °Os damage by the fall than a slight scratch on the bead•d is mo ther of the child ran t o t h e street, expect i ng o ,f or killed outright, but the t rem bli ng l i ttle urch i n 100k`,.; 0 4i in her face, with an e y e b eseeching forgiveness f o r lad fault, and exclaimed, " M ammy, I ' ll never do it ag il°' Scotsman. On the the 20th 21st inst. i,st. a a t t Her,t Uddens aey House, iane,i‘ BIRTHS. 0 1. On the 21st inst. at Hartham Park, Wilts, the lady ° . t: Joy, Esq. of a son and heir. f P iet' Colonel Sir James Fraser, Bart. , of a son. so i On the 18th inst. in Bernard:street, Russell-square t ba yi Edward Scant, Esq surgeon of a daughter. , rdie On the 23d test. Lambeth.road, the wife of Mr. 13 of the Gun Tavern, of a daughter. S r i MARRIED. eg. or ° ' 17s. r J se o t t:i t l h ß e a l r a c d l a y :, e i:(1): 11°' On the 12th inst. at Luffliess, East Lothian, the —. O P 0,, Henry Kerr, brother of the Marquis of Lothian, to Lo tli c,,C , thea, only daughter of the Hon. Sir Alexander Hop e, ~ , .I and i%I.P. It , i i , Po GO On the 20th at Bolney, Sussex, 11. V. Huntley, ~,t, e o third son of the late Rev. R. Huntley, of Boxwell Cer_oel , cestershire, to Anne, eldest daughter of the late Lieu' „,e 4 Skinner, of Chesterfield-street, Mayfair. JP. te Mr. e ls On the 22d inst. at St. Mary's, Newington, Surrey, _,. tii ,. ' ,lv Sim, of Coleman-street, to Mrs. Jane Harris, widow (~,,,,, s ' Captain Charles Harris, of the Hon. East India Conn.' ' eg i e° vat Service. 3lr• O lt.le On the th , ..(1 inst. at St. George's Bloomsbury, , L i t ice, e lip Carew, of Great Coram-street, Brunswick-square, ap , ,.., joiv inn -fields, to Elizabeth Cottle, eldest of the late J." Esq., of Bernard-street, Russell-square. e tit DIED. rt.1,..3.:00, On the 21st inst. at Sansaw, near Shrewsbury, . 5 , 13' 00 wife of the Rev. Or. Gardner, ' Rector of St. Philip ',, 0 1 ham, and Canon Residentiary of Lichfield. • f o °' c i , P 6 i W O il i b i r t a h h e arn lBth s in q s ., t. la a t t e C o i f re th n e ce s s a t m er e , l‘ p l la a c r e y . Mills, relict o o f On the 19th inst. at West Gate House, Margate, ,10 . 31 ' 1, 6 ter of Lieutenant John Benson, aged ten. ths, On the 21st inst. aged eight, years and seven too9,citor• , Ann, daughter of Mr. Hopwood, of Chancery-lane, s"" ~,, PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURDO YOU , —, '6 SUN OFFICE, 112, Snuvv, LONDON.