The Sun. — London, England, 1822-12-16 00:00:00

i'o.ll.tr6Z!'t iNThIILtGENCE. "is tibinet : C6iii-e't - from 1114i144., -arrive4l yester4yevenm . g at the Jest. ..Zeoce:af-, the •Spanish...•ErnJ)Ms.say . ,-. Be left that on thy` :- 4th ins:tab t;- - .ltis • .departure `iiiiil vas'` iiet:ret tlyefra • the he his. Catrrier his route met -many•others:on their . way to Mad titl, :amongst whom- *ay tC,Rtissiart •Coariei:;: iyieh-eittiatkanary .• speed. ; • • • . During - the.,..lwst three.days the arrival of -Coo riers -from London, .Verona,-* and Madrid; antf .06r departUrefor those 'lplaCes.,.bave been Very , ireipent. ..There.is no doubt that impotiant-re,' .• -. 7 solutions have just . .been communicated- to several Crabinets. (Gazette deTranee.). ' • • • - • rumoured 'that .. it treaty of alliance. • liasl'been conclnded . :.between Spain and Portkal. The Arective'bf thePortuguesearmy is 11,00,7 • tnen. • -It appears, thatin.Case of "Theed:POrttigal will setttl - 4,000. Men into Span,. - • •' • • • • • 'The43ishopof Orleans died•on the-9th fastant, • *---after an illness of fice-montlis...-'r‘ • The'/Iforriteur . contains the. following article, • Cafierl - from -the Etoile of the ..preceding eVening': j-^' the Etcglish Courier, -a journal behtin.-jdat has, like 1111. - the journals of :Europe, used -cations arinments , respeCting the political - chance's: of -:pTesettt period ; .but we. are have Considered- a war bet Weed Franceland'Spain as: inevitablethat it • should .have. announced the measure as absolutely resolved:o'4olkt ,it should have appeared to expect, and -.eiten.to invite, the commencement .. '•NV:e have often been led to believe • that'the.::.Courier_derived the materials of which it. -made:- use: . (TOM . very high sources ; but ire • cannot . help-suspecting • that on this occasion its information". has 'been less , felicitously obtained. Iry effect, the men-who in England take,part in great affairs, and . tO 4hom . there are -no : political . -sticiets,-knOw that. nothing is more uncertain than the question - of war. between France and Spain, ..and , that; WithOnt - coMprOmising the honour and dignitir,Ol-the country, the friends of - monarchy • • in . .Fr - aline-May • hope that-peace will not be inter • • • The IfOniteitr . afterivards-rnalces the following observation 1- 7 " TheEnglish.Courier of the 9th . of-December Whicli'arrived this day at Paris by an • - ex - traordinary conveyance, contains the following article ::(he 0 ,4 0 .‘Oll.-te m atk the extreme -dif -,ference that 'exiits.- between this article and -those.whiclatir some-time past have appeared in the .saine:jOurnal, and, which we have taken.'pains to miert _cOrreCtly. , ' '• [Fferelollows - the translation from the Courier of. the Orli, of ,the article alluded to by L'Etozle.] • A letter from Perpignan, dated the 3d instant, -gives the foll o wing- detai N ls :—" In consequence of the , affair., which took place on the 29th ult., • 1,400 of the army of Baron d'Eroles arrived on - the - Ist inefi . at - Prades. They -appeared to he . under the coinmand,of Romanillo. To-night they • rest at. IVs, and-to-morrow at Thuir, two leagues - frorir From 1;400 to -1,500 men,. who-have ,the: ; sarrse destinatioa, are expected to 7 day at •--Trattes ; it appears that they will enter Spain by way of . St. Laurent de . - Cerda. The artillery -daily practice firing. Four hundred horses are - hourly expected- for the train service.". PAitts;.DEC.l3.—The Duke of Wellington on Thursday..lia:d an interview of half an hour (simile ,papers 'say . three-qUarters) with the King His -Grace afterwards dined with the Master 'of the .Itoy.aLHousetiold . . ,His Grace dines on Saturday ••with - . the . Baton - Rothschild; 'and immediately _ afterwards will set out for London. . • The. Emperor:Alexander. has conferred the order of -St: Wladimiron -the brothers Solomon and *fairies ,ll,OthsChild, 'in 'consideration of their important services- -to the RusSian nation.-on se veral occasions. We, (Journal des Debats) have received a let -ter from Verona, dated the 4th of December ; it contains thefollowing facts, the authenticittof whiCh We 'think may be relied on . , . " The. result.of , the strict inquiries which have taken place•retpectin the present state. of Pied- Mont 'mid', the kingdom of Naples has been ' , favourable: It appears that these two-countries . , thanks tol he,wisdomand the firmness 0f . . -their •IVion4roclis, enjOy a state ,of tranquillity Which 'ihencifortli nothing can disturb. •It.may tbere .-foreAfe rAied,opon.that the Austrian, roops :will evactiate * Tiamont by .thirds„ The .first . . third will be put in motion to return to the Austrian ' '-the first 'of Tatiiiart,ni;Xt ; the second, third will depart on the ist.olAptil,i and • the:last ;third on the Ist of thus;PiedmOnt' • will be free from foreign trooiis'in'skiiirill-ths--- , In the kingdom of Naples,-where the insurrec tion continued; longer without, however, taking deep ront,'.the . nurnber of Aistrian troops 'will he considerably reauced.,,and what more ad, Van-tageous lo•-theprosperity of that 'fine country,. rhe,pectiii!aq : imposts and the subsidies Otevery kind- necessarily attendant. upon armed occupa._ :Corks, will be immediately, and in a great degree, This Is a. fresh and glOrions proof • of the disinterestedness-and magnanimity .of the SOrereigtis who compose the Holy Alliance, • tr judgeAlt.necessary for the.general interests 'of civilization , to •arni their subjects against anar chy, .0p - 0. us urpation,, they withdraw their armies . upon, there-appearance-of order and legitimacy ••• (From the - Journal: 4 ler D:lol#l4 . ' The .preservation,of - peace between France aria Spain now • ippeArs:tobe certain. We congatolite ourselves on having no longer - to . cialuide*O right of, interventlad,:-not . ;the ,lehanCes' which might have aecorapaniod its exercise. -The severe truths which we bit , 4 aPeken on these questions do longer need be re peated, for all enlightened Royalists have adopted them ; and the petty tactitinaf -which shall TejCCt theta Will doubt- Mess consider .4.proi)er tO cease cries which arc made in vain. We have n'ow - a different duty to perform: WW have to make. f. • • • • . * * the SPilnia*N" nti#ro4ntrtli!ii;:ppsitiesitv:itli respect tc France , i - pacific but not disarmed—with- respect to Europe, which is no. longer immediately. alarmed the Spanish revolution, but', .certain means of armed interveiiiion, „will not fail to make un animous efforts•fOr the terminatiott of a state of things contrary to the principles of (Wier, peace; . and of thilization- 7 the' constant aim-of theexisting policy, and the object, truly holy, of the grand alliance Of theqhfsti.tuiK.O.Weri. In the first place, Spaitiz4itay be convinced - that thereebie military means at the disposal of her revolutionists have made ua, ;eject the idea ef : rifai o rME L . ' V.ventidn % That cletermina. 401: On:the part - of Powers in comparahly suPeriOr to could hive ho other - motive . than `the' Conicientienkconvietibneofithe imptatticability,or Olitaining•in that /Way the general. welfare of Europe, orthe'partietilarWdfare-of Spain. The itprightand firm pOlicy 'of the arbiters,er peace . and war' does Ytot'44ede from obstacles, :but• from the fear .of :causing evhi as 7Sgridos as those which it 'is wished to termimate. • It is net Weak ness• that bends, but. wisdom ind.powel‘thait panse,.. But after this motive' fob military inaction, whit ulterior. .views can the Powers have as to thefuture in Spain ? We 'per c,eive only .two possible. views., Qne ....is a -cruel indifferenee, which should:-regard it ,as useful for the repression of-the ex.: travagsmt Ideal o!: the-democrats of Europe to allow the Spanish • revointion to devour itself, , apd to perish lay the . tuins of its own-excesses, under the: ruins of a destroyed Monarchy and a desolated country ; the other wild bea magnanimous , hope of prevailing on Spain toiisten to The counsels of .friendShili and the advice of experience-4irflealiirig by . a pacific - intercession 5 those numerous classes of victims, pitiscribed ar!d incarcerated, *hale only Crime is Atria-partaking .In. the -opinion which is for the inanent triiiiii . Pha4:..; in fine, of recalling' to the rank, ofa civilised state that . I.enerous Withih the walls of Cadiz, so gloriously-resisted the Usurper of hethrone Of the Bourbons v and:first Cast :a • d art at the flank of the ...• Colossus which oppressed Europe;. - The wishes of France Cannot be cloubtfutl The•heretiltary. magnanimity of our Kings, the national generesitY, all our sentiments unite with all : our interests, to make us desire that Spithn should again become a powerful and rich Monarchy, possessing a good naiy,'ltiad be flourishing and tranquil. We know as well as the Spaniards, that to secure to their, country these advantages, it islienceforth necessary that they should have a vigorous and a wise system of liberty —a Constitution 'capable of guaranteeing the -rights of every individual, and of assuring to the enlightened part of the nation the superintend ence of public affairs. • We are far from counselling Spain to purchase repose at the expence of her liberties ; and we do not hesitate to declare, that the re-establishment of absolute Mo. narchy at Madrid mould prove only a new source of alarm for Europe, and of misfortune for Spain. • Can the Span iards.deny - • that anarchy is now' committing in their country more terrible excesses than were ever exercised by . their Peter the -Cruel, .or :Torquernala ? Can they deny that the absolute power:at present legally assigned to the authori ties, annihilatei liberty Safety, and : tranquillity ? What indi vidual is safe from imprisonment, and what prisoner out of the reach of the fatal hammer (rnartillo)g Are not the tribunals controlled yy the tumultuous.ciies of a mob, who dictate sen tences of death .to a Magistrate ? Are not the dubs the daily theatre of shameless declaimers, _ who make a sport of exciting the passions of a blind and erring populace ? Do not the sol diers every day revolt against chiefs; who, having themselves so lately conducted - them to revolt, can no longer invoke the prin• ciple of obedience ? Do - not towns—nay, 'whole Cantons—re fuse any . longer to pay contributions ? - • - Such is the disorganization, I will not say of the Govern = ment alone, but of the whole community. Will it be said that it - . a . foreign Power which, in support ing the insurrectionary armaments, is the cause of this disor ganization ? But insurrections exist •in the whole interior of the Monarchy--:in pro's ihees the least accessible tt. foreign in: fluence; Merino, in Old Castile; Joannis, in Galicia; two or three Chiefs in the mountains of St: Ander; Zaldivar, in An dalusia ; Jaimer, near Murcia ; an entire corps of insurgents in the mountains of Teruel; are all these supported by-foreign aid ? No, it is the spirit of persecutio n an d p o li t i ca l i nto l erance which Multiplies at all points, and among all classes, resist ance, insurrections, and plots, of which not one bears any re semblance to the other, whether in the end or in the motive. A perfect fury for inquests, condemnations; and proscriptions, seems to have possessed the Cortes since ,their establishment in. 1820. Whoever does not think like them on all subjects is an enemy---a traitor. They search into the past, and every where see only guilty persons to - search for and punish. Of 10 or 12 little ministerial coteries, who have attempted to seize on power in the six years froM- 11114 to 1820, none appear - in their eyes less guilty- than- Others ; they pursue equally those who sent them to the' • galiies and those who - released them. Even the most wise 'and liberal opinions, let them diverge ever so little from the infallible system, become poli tical drakes. Positions enforced-by -necessity are imputed as crimes. The josephinoi are condemned, though the friends of constitutional monarchy ; the Perscs are condemned as the partisans of despotism, though they only seek to revive the any cient Cortes. No public man can preserve -his reputation for patriotism ; a Jovellanos, a Toreno, a Martinez de-la Rosa, is i in turn decried, 'and their - wise counsels repelled with horror ; the heroic Quiroga, and the divine Arguelles, fall into disgrace. What do I say ? The Ministers even of the 7th of June, those so pure descarnisados, are at present attacked by the party of the Zurliogo, in the celebrata4ournal which bears that name. - Dons. To bring about this conclusion or the American revo. hitimii, Castilian pride' will adinif.that the support of a naval power is necessary. . But if Spain refuse to adopt measures a hundred times more useful to het-thin to France—if 'she persist in disturbing us .with the confusion of civil wars, then will Europe be compelled to. exclude her from the community of civilized nations ; to sus pend all diplomatic and social relations, to shut: every port against the•Spinish flaqg,*. and on- the:contrary to recognize the . states formed in America ; finally„ to ',consider . Spain as a bar arous country, similar to . the empire of 3loroccO, or the Ite. gency. of Algiers. : ' .(From'LTroPe.). •A few. days ago we oppoSed an. a rticle inserted in the Journal des Dcbgts, which appeared, and which still does appear, to us extremely imprudent, 'since 'it was likely to- induce the ' supposition that the French Ministry feared war, and calculated only, on its fatal results, when, on the contrary, we know that Fiance will "never shrink from a war which she conceives - to be neeessaty to her honour. The Journal des Debats has' since published another article, wltich forcibly presents at least one truth, 'amidst' some errors, which we think it our duty to, point out. Those who accuse us ofiriconsistency must acknowledge that' we certainly do not show it in our treatment of the politics of the Jonrual des Debats. The article which we published, the day before yesterday, and whieh furnished pretences -to those who wished to attack us, was not a consequence of our disetissions with the Journal des Debats. Our intention was ',nerdy to reply to the English Courier, which, in various articles of a character quite opposite -to the policy avowed by the British Ministry, seemed to con - sitter war as already declared between France and Spain ; and, Contrary to the wishes of its own Government, called for the first hostilities, asserting that Fiance had but one alternatiie. We said, in reply to the Courier, what we had already said in reply to the Journal des Debuts—viz., that the friends of the monarchy might flatter themselves with the idea of seeing peace maintained between France and Spain, which, on our part, cer tainly implied the 'hope of 'seeing the Spanish revolution re --cede—..an expression perfectly simple and natural, and whicit: was but a necessary result of the intelligence which 'we had tiounced, that France; 'as the depositary of the interests of Europe, was -preparing to make known to Spain what .Europe expected her to do for the security of thoie interests. ' What Eurbpe demands-this legitimate wish - of till the, Powers—is too just notsobelistened to.. . France must believe this ; it would be too unreasonable to ...suppose that any demand *batever is made with the certainty 'of its being rejected. Now, if there be any chance of success, there is good -ground to hope that, peace will not be inter. rupted. These are the opinions which we have always ex pressed. The Journal des Debats goes still farther ; it announces that " the preservation of peace is certain ;" from which it might be supposed that France has succeeded in the course she has taken with regard to Spain, and that Spain had given such an answer as Europe expects. • If the Journal des Debats were in formed of all these facts, it would furnish weapons against the Ministry, who may, with reason, be reproached for remaining silent in affairs of so much importance and solemnity, at. least if that journal be the avowed organ of the Congress and of France. Three things appear to us particularly reprehensible in the. Journal des Debats Ist: The.confidence with which, as we have just remarked, it speaks of the certainty of peace at a time when no. Minister can express himself without betraying a duty, a confidence, - Which leach it-to declare that "'Europe has renounced the un certain means of the right of intervention," while the same- Journal adds" that Europe will not the less make unanimous efforts to put a stop to a state of things so contrary to the prin ciple of order, peace, and civilization, the constant aim of the present policy, and the truly . holy object . of th e gra nd a lli ance of the Christian Powers." 2d, The absurdiiiof its attempts to persuade A party by abusing it. • 3d, The assurance with which it speaks of America, and of the measures which France and Spain will adopt with regard to her ; whiCh at least is an imprudence. Moreover, to these is to be added the evident contradiction between-the exordium and ; the conclusion of the article. After hiving preSented these reflections 'to the Journal des Debats, we will conclude by quoting from it that part of the article.which seems to =us worthy of every praise —viz. the description of the state of anarchy. to which unhappy Spain is now reduced. The reader will be able to judge for himself whether peace can be announced as certain before it is positively known what ameliorations may be effected in Spain, not only for the-interest of that unfortunate , countri, but also for the interests of all the Powers of Europe,' - • - The Quotidienne of Friday virtually decides in favour of peace : for it publishes a long article,. to show that there was a fine opportunity of a successful invasion of Spain, which now, alas-!, is lost. As a,specimen of the "statesman-like" views of this journal and its partisans, we extract a curious passage from this article: his analogies are what the mathematicians would call " incommensurable quantities :" "In the course of public affairs, as ifi the movements of armies in the day of battle, there is a moment, and only one, which should be seized with the promptitude of sudden inspira; tion. All is then easy : reflection has no time to slacken the ardour of partisans wiio are hurried along, and obstacles which at a later period Might arise in crowds to stop us have not time to spring up. Rapidas an arrow, Buonaparte darted from the isle of Elba to Paris ; where he finds a course that had been forgot.- Fifteen days of idle slumber at Moscow deprived this same individual of the world; Caesar was no longer himself when he hesitated at the sight of the Rubicon : to see Caesar himself again, one must go and seek him on the other bank of the river. " This moment; which fortune prepared for our success and which she is accustomed -to spew ,to her favoured French, was presented to the monarchy.in arms, at the foot of the Pyrennees. She saw it, she said she sa - w it: but her voice was lost in calling out, and the lights struck out by her foresight dazzled the eyes of the timid,* - • " Let us recall the situation of Spain at a very recent period. The Cortes were' not assembled. Madrid seemed paralyzed, &c".; then was the time to violate the slow forms, of diplo .macy,.as England has done so.often," and so on. FRONTIERS OF SPAIN, DEC. 3.—A Private letter contains the following details : " Mina breakfasted with a private re sident Bourg-Madame, on the Ist instant. The district of Andorre continues to be repeated. It was thought that some of the troops of Nina would yesterday have been sent to Olot, where the Royalists have obtained some ruccesses. We hope" that the Baron d'Eroles will be successful in the quarter of Ur gel, Tremp and Talaru, where he has posted himself. The Regency continues at Saillagouse." • NUREMBURG, DEC. is said that the Sovereigns have finally adopted, with regard to the . differences between Russia and the Porte, certain articles, the unconditional acceptance of which will be demanded of the Turkish Government. It is added that Lord Stningford has returned to his embassy on this express mission. The Austrian hiternuncio, the French Ambassador, and the Russian Charge d'Aff a i res , are to act in concert with Lord Strangford, and firmly to support the de mand. We have not. heard what course the Sovereigns will follow, in case the Porte should reject the proposed -articles. This eternal war of parties, and even of the fractions of par ties, would of itself sufficiently explain the agitations to which Spain is a prey. But much more serious causes have carried civil discord to its height. An imprudent law, relating to ious dogmas, has deprived the church of half its.property.— The monks who had so nobly rushed forward in defence of the national independence beheld themselves ignominiously, driven from their peaceable asylums. Here was a numerous class in jured in two points—its interest and its honour. Then, again, the proposed act relative to seignorial rights, which the King twice refused to sign, but which, it is feared, will be brought forward again next session, when it will acquire the force of a law, excited alarm, not only in the Nobility, but in the pos sessors of funded property; .to whom it threatened a diminution 'of theii income, and also the imposition of an extretnely irksome _fiscal inquisition. This proposed law convinced a large mass 'of men.of all classes, cOrporations,' and even whole towns, that in every well-organised society . it is necessary there sh ou ld b e S PAIN. some protecting power, win& will guard acquired rights against We have received the .I‘ladrid Paper . . 3 .of the the spoliative innovations of legislative politer' misled by spirit ' • ,of system. Whether this guarantee ought to be sou g ht in - a 3d and 6th of the present month. They are . royal definitive veto or a chamber of peers or in a new mstitu- :chiefly occupied tith the Sittings of the Cortes, non appropriate to Spain, is not here in question : We may . in which, however, not i ver rt t has mJo a I merely point out a powerfnicause of civil di scor d. ver, Finally; the insults heaPea•UP'on the perions of the King and occurred. • the Princes, sometimes in the clubi ' at other times under th e v e r y O n t h e 3d , t h e C ortes took into consideration the, report of a windows of .the Palace, could not fail to alarm every Spaniard Committee appointa tfi examine the decision of the Fiscal in Who • is - attached to a' dynasty whi c h h as b e co me national.; the cause arising out' Of the affair of the 7th of July, with re and to the hereditary Monarchy upon 'which depends the Only spect to the question; whether the capitulations g ranted by the hope of preserving at least som e p ort i ons o f t h e S pan i s h C olo. Brigadiers Palma" and Placentia should be held valid. Ac nial possessions. . cording tosthe capitulations, the lives of the insurgent Guards So many and such weighty causes of discontent sufficiently were spared : but a royal order, dated the 21st of August, was prove that it is to her own rashness, to her own faults ; and not afterwards published, which excepted the leaders of the revolt, to the acts of foreign Powers, that Spain ought to attibute the on the ground that the capitulations had been made without evils to which it is a prey. • any authority whatever. The Committee reported in favour of visit not a natural right, and even a duty of good neighbour- the promises given by Palarea and Placentia. The Deputies hood, to induce Spain to put an end to these troubles, which Are who opposed the report referred to the laws which declare that 'to us,• indisputably, a source of inconvenience,'and even a cause no capitulation shall be made with armed rebels. The sup of ex pence ? Spain alone can do this. She can accomplish porters of the report argued that the laws which had been cited it under the auspices of her King, so worthy of herrespect, by their. adversaries 'did• not apply to the present case ; and and so anxious for the happiness of his people--she can accom- contended, that on the ground of justice, as well as of political plish it by adopting a syst e m o f corr ili ation an d o f mo d erat i on to- convenience and humanity, the capitulations should be held • wards all parties--by guaranteeing all rights and tranquilizing valid. After a deli* of considerable length, the opinion of the till existing things, and by placing her re-organized administra- Committee was adopted: tion on the basis of a better balanced constitution. '' . The Espectador mentions the receipt of a letter from a corres- What mutual advantages might riot Spain and France derive pondent in Italy, on, the breaking up of the Assembly of Sove from this.change.! The Spanish colonies who wish to remain reigns at Verona, in which the writer says, " the Congress has 'independent, height voluntarily - take upon theniselVes part of dissolved without pretending to notice the affairs sf Spain." that immense public debt with 'which the revolution has loaded - The refusal to recei ve th e Sp an i s h Ambassador, VillanueVa, Spain, and which so al a rm s , public opinion that even the c er - at Rome, has been attributed to the intri , ues of the Regency, minty of peace does net impro v e th e sta te of t h e S pan i s h funds. oftrgel ; ' but the' Espectodor seems to thi nk it) is owing to the The most advantageous' Course possible which circumstances influence of time Cabinecof Vienna. The age 6f the Pope ren perniit would . then be taken for Spain. Perhaps a His- ders it probable that •a new election will soon take place, and panto-American confederation might he formed nnder a pro- it is wished to iaiie the Archduke Rodolpit of Austria to the testing Emperor; as`lM..Golfin has proposed ; at least intimate Papal Chair. - But it is statedby the Espectador, that the Spa treaties of alliance might . befetined with. all those states ; and nish Ambassador has the Power of - setting aside one of the can since, most fortunately, Mexico;tind the greater part of Peru slidates : hence it is thought.desirable that there should' be no adhere,:' as much to= he foims - of Monarchical government as Spanish Minister at the Court of: Rome at a time when he to their independence, it would at least' apeseible to erect might be likely to. haieaa opportunity of exercising this irnpor there two new thrones for Princes of the blood of the Dour. tent privilege. * The whole of the last sentence belongS to that figure of speech called " nonsense.!' ,ROUSSEAU, • ROUSSEAU was . Unhappy. almost all his life. He ha'd reason to complain of.hiS lot,aria he complain ed of mankind. Thi s injustice is very common, especially in a 1146sitien_ which unites pride wit-4. tirnidity.-: -A person of this' desCription is discontented at the . happiness of-:his. neighbour, and does : not _perceive that 'the misfortunes of another cannot alter his own. He flatters those with whom he lives in daily intercourse, and indemnifies himself for this restraint by railing at mankind in general. I confess . that I have not a very good"' opinion of those who are -constantly .complaining of the world ; their pretension's are generally - unjust. I cannot boast of a very hippy lot; and I could easily . draw :out a long list iof ,misfortunes, some of which will probably influ ence the remainder of. my life ; but I must own that they are almost all the workafortune, and that.the wickedneis of mankind had nothing to do with them. I. adinit with a s.secret satisfac 'iion, that I have .experienced frdrn the world nothing but kindness, attentions and. favours, and that,- ift have been exposed to .the:rnalevolenco of some ill-disposed• persons, I - have-been sup ported by. a great irumber of- generous..men, who took pleasure in: my - happiness, and part of whose Satisfaction consisted:Au prOmoting-..the accom plishment of my :wishes.: I arm persuaded .that every just and modest person will be obliged, as far as relates:to himse,lf, t.osendetthis justice to the human race. Ido not know whether tbOsei who are raised to the - highest honours, and Tare exposed. to the, darii .of my jealousy, feel. the wickedness . cif mank ind more than others, but men are not wicked _for the sake of wickednesv; for what advantage Can it be to them to be so strongly inclined to the injury of an individual who does not interfere with them ? One of . Rousseau's greatest- misfortunes arose from his having attained the age of forty years, before he discovered his genius. In his youth he learnt for some time the art of an engraver. His father having had the misfortune to kill a Iman, was obliged to.fly from Geneva, where he worked as a clock-maker, and educated his chit. dren. Jean Jacques was received by a lady . of rank in Savoy, called the Baroness de Warens. She made him abjure the Protestant religion, and took charge of his .education. This woman had such a rage for alchemy, that it - ruined her .; believe she is now living in the greatest poverty. Rousseau having been brought to Paris by some means or other, he became intimately acquainted with M. de Motitaigu, .who, on being:appointed ambassador to Venice, took him there as his se:. cretary. The ambassador was not a man of ge nius, nor, did he discover any in his secretary, and is even now greatly astonished at the reputa tion which Rousseau has acquired by his writings. These two men- were of too dissimilar natures to remain long .together, and soon separated, very much displeased with each other. Rousseau re turned to. Paris, indigent, unknown, ignorant of his talents and resources, and in his destitution labouring to gain his livelihood. Ile employed himself then only with music and poetry, and published a dissertation upon a plan which he invented of writing music with cyphers. This Lplan did not succeed, and Ids dissertation: was read by no one. fie afterwards composed 'the .music and the words of an opera, entitled Les Muies Galantes, which could never be per formed. • Ile had many disputes svith Rarneau upon this subject, and lie was very much hurt at not being able to exhibit his play at the theatre. lie wrote however some bad verses, several of which were inserted in the Mercure, and cornposed also' a few' comedies, the greatest part of whic=h have never been made L'Amant de lui meme, which was printed and acted, shews that he • had not such a talent for writing plays as Moliere. At the same time, he was occupied with a machine by which he fancied he could learn to fly ; he made several attempts which all failed ; still he continued so blinded to his project, that he never could bear to have it treated as chimerical. Such of his friends, therefore, who think it feasi ble, may expect to see him some day hovering in the air. In the midst of all these attempts he be came attached to the wife of a Receiver-General, once celebrated for 'her beauty. Rousseau was for several years her literary friend and secre. tary. The, restraint and humiliation which h - e suffered in this situation contributed not a little to sour his dispositiOn. The Philosopher Diderot, with whom he be. came acquainfed at that time, was the first to open his eyes to his true genius, and the academy at Dijon having proposed the famous question of the influence of learning on morals, Rousseau treated it in a discourse which was the foundation of his reputation, and of the singular character which he afterwards maintained. .Till then he had been a gallant and refined flatterer ; so far as to become disgusting in his compliments : all at once he assumed the character of a cynic, which being quite out of his nature, he fell into the opposite :extreme; but in throwing out..bis. sarcasms, he always knew how to make excep tions in favour of those with whom he lived, and he preserved, notwithstanding his rough and cynical tone, much of his refinement and the art of making far-fetched compliments, especially in his conversation with women. When he turned philosopher, he • immediately quitted Madame Unpin, and became a copier of music, pretend ing that he practised thifi trade as a common workman, and that he gained his subsistence by it ; for one of his follies was to speak against the profession of an author, and not to practice any other. I advised him at that time to become a seller of lemonade and to set up a coffee house in the square of the Palais Royal. This idea amused us a long time ; it was not less ex travagant than his own, and it had the advantage of being a lively piece of folly, and one which was likely to gain him a fortune. All Paris would have flo►►•n to see the coffee-house of Jean Jacques Rousseau, which would have become the rendezvous for all the most celebrated literati ; but this folly havingsomething useful in it,was too sensible to be adopted by the Citizen of Geneva. He made a tour through his native country, and returned very much out of humour at the end of six weeks. He abjured ) during his stay at Ge. ••- • - !neva, the Catholic Religion, ariii . again be c f 9file / Protestant. At his return, h e p asse d .tw o or i years in the society. of his friendsi.es hapP"? s er 0 1 , he possibly cou ld, composing books, and th l ing himself a copi er o f mu si c , b ut when once 0 sible of his happiness, it was not hi - his net i ure i r preserve it. Madame d'Espinayhaving - .in;Wf;ti rest of Montmorency:a small house was be-10414 .her di estate e persecuted her a long time te , ll ` o it to him, sayin g th a t it imposibWfor to live any longer at that-horrible Paris, and t , he, would in f u t ure see k an asylum:from o among woods and solitude. It was riot att -suited to:a person of . suc h a fi erce, - me l aU ch°i and impetuous temp er . H e t h en became :sll' , ", fect savage ; solitude made him still more 1 1 0 .1 0 i and hardened his disposition against himself . f o i his friends. H e l e f t hi s f orest at the _ en"A eighteen months, angry with - the wholehawi l race. He then settled at Montmorency, 4he ty he has lived ev er s i nce , an d h as ga i ne d a rePkg.ol tion worthy of his t a l ents an d s i ngu l ar i ty. I °lei he lived as happily th ere as a man w i t h w Inu i bile and vanity co u ld expect to b e. I n t h e societ'i of his friend's at Paris, he • found friendship 161 , esteem, but•the reputation, - and •still more tbefi le perior talents which h e was o bli ge d to aclin! i , ledge in som e o f th em , might render hisin ic course with them. painful; while .at Mon tmoren cl ' l without any rival, he received praises from _,„ t most distinguish e d c h aracters i n t h e ki n gdi besides atiowd of amiabl e wor ba n _who &W, around''him. Thos e w h o h ave courage . an ti r e , tierice to act the part of -singularity alwayO u be teed. Rousseau p asse d hi s lif e in abusing-t he great.; afterwards he said that with- - themaloe e liadfoUnd friendship and v i r t ue: - '.These two e ; Cremes were equally philosophical,. .and be L 7 t amused with his pr e judi ces , I o f ten . laughe k Ala l i e him. He had a di sagreea bl e li ttle -d og whit ' called Duke, because, said he, it was m0r05 0 140 little, like a Duke. When he was at the Cds k, of Montmorency, he changed the - n ame to - -" f h t 'This disguise was cowardly ; it was m ore u' r, ' i e of his charact er t o l eave hi s d og the same n3.ce, as a monument o f hi s own unjust Pre:P. l , 6l ' j • He even might have t urne d i t i nto pliment to the Duke of Luremburgh ing, " It is you who have taught me %A s '!' Duke is, and t o f orm a j ust op i n i on of Courtiers 4 It is difficult to be quite indifferent with reed to the great, when . we are cOntinnalliemPol o , about them : Th e t rue p hil osop h er, while bedde spects their rank, forgets th e m.. Esteem i5,.51 to personal qualiti es , an d w h atever R ous seau,;nce say upon the subject, - a person m a y b e a Pr h " t e and still possess great virtues. I used oft e° o o fight him with his own - weapons. H e to ld us 0, day, with an ai r o f t r i ump h , t h at as he wag .c°o, ing out of the,Op era , th e d ay o f the f i rst reP of sentation of the D ev i ls du Village, the Duk e a t Deux Ponts accost e d •him, . and said, tit! ) 5r „;" politeness, " All ow me , Si r, to congratulate ° ° od to which he replied, " Certainly, providep i lhis will not be lon g ." E very body was silentni.p recital. At last I . re pli e d, " Illustrious' Cits;,e, and Sovereign o f G eneva , s i nce part o f t he ' e reignty of th e R e p u bli c i s in yourhands/ Il he me to represent t o y ou th at, notwithstanding t severity of yo ur p r i nc i p l es , you oug h t no t to . 1 fuse a P r i nce th e respect d ue to a Atrater-c9r/10,00 and that if you had answered a.kind word % o ld latter in a rough and brutish manner, you wp:' have - been guilty o f th e greatest impertine%ch He afterwards a b use d -th e p hil osop h ers es do as he had formerly abused the great ; bat 'b e rS not know if the latter defended the philoPP as much as they had been defended by the n ' . (Grimm's Correspondence.) EXTENSIVE ROB BERY OF THE C AMBRID GE a 4 4%, ' f —For several d a y s i n the last week of Oet°p a man, calling himself James Lloyd, and a w° l " - ii calling herself J ane H ewson , were most acti ve d and too successfully engaged in the circulatio n e forged notes of the Cambridge and C a mbridg. t i , shire bank, in th e t own it se lf w h ere t he P lll l l O (Messrs.Forresters) upon whom the forgeri committed carried on their business. On It ti ,ol day, the .sth instant, the man and womnii ' ls t to Sa ff ron Walde n , w h ere th ey passe d foot sifuleil notes of one pound eac h, w hi c h b e i ng detec t re , on the morning of Friday, the woman was PP E P- , 5 4, handed and taken before Thomas Hail) one of the resident Magistrates, who was ' ° ilf gusted with her e vid en t p er j ury , t h a t h e event°'oo refused to take any minutes of her de cisi on tion, and committed her to the town gao l ' i lso Sunday se'nnight th e ma l e accomp li ce was n , taken into custody, an d on searc hi ng him to° ' to tt pound Bank of E ng l an d notes, two one-P ar ill . provincial notes, and t wen t y -f our poun ds' 'for of silver were found : he was comm itted it 4 further examin a ti on , an d on M on d a y ull n o ti• both parties were aga i n b roug h t up a nd i" e oe fled as the persons who had played so profit.° oo l a game; they w ere th ereupon f u lly colvir r i de r for trial at the Essex winter assizes. 0° ' ce ll, day morning Lloyd was found dead in his, t he having hung himself th e preceding - n ight. ° fo re course of the day an Inq u i s itio n was t a ken b e t . t ee Thomarllitll, Esq. on view of the body , ° 1 of unfortunate man, w h en , u p on t h e depositi°-id the gaoler as to th e behaviour of the dec e- fe r the preceding even i ng , th e j ur y re t ur ned $ dict of—lnsanthj. It is supposed that 0 0° 00 sons were the ag e nts of the manu f ac turers ° notes, who it is suspected will reside in t h e to tropolis, and carry on their f e l on i ou s tralo c ge t/ considerable extent. A la rge b u ndle Of °r o ll) notes upon the Cambrid ge b an k (150 of li' e n enr was found on Monday i n A u dl e y- e nd park) p oe t Saffron Walden, which have been handea gt eth to the prosecut or s; th e n ot es are well e%e c but the sig nature is engraved. Lloyd was sh° 23 years of age, the prisoner Hewson states that her father is a labourer, in the el ' of Mr. Nicholls, a f armer , res idi n g at Kab ul ' o ber f When she was i n f orme d o f th e death o e 0( paramour, she asserted with much prese ° 0 14 mind that she was his wife ) and that she c not be hurt, as sh e h a d on ly a cted under the fiuence of her husband. • The Baron d'E aoLEs , in addition to h i s 0001 sufferings durin g hi s flight across the Pyrv''' has lost an ear from the extreme cold. ~"'" ~~~,, ~+~ara a: • I l kak Stoct P r e i r r qCeelirt 4 pr i:ileer t_7ceenritt; r nit-L g - T TIP. 3 per A RK E -fire s cli Russian leapolit Austzian SP &nigh Prusiihn Danish Chili Cglornbi Perlaviat Americo ( - 1 134 r 11 / 4 stogy °v• Deb. v "' 7,tock 3 %toy. Deb ( 4 4 . Deb. !'easury ‘-itY D e ! tent. ... sliog in l iornin .316 CITY _Pcific.i Papers, but a rrived t o 811, We un ta qee in tfiat tt I °Dger 411 of t In tt, opened Presses 4 tid at Aith 11 °t be 4 turit I it is pr ' 5 4 in tt y ts47 oUr • i ntinde( i ~~aulge Av or.st. Se rtiOn solved 7 Nprove to belie d es De', (~t he BPain Nrtani will be to) the q bVerr t4.the ~ ll tQnti( ' 614 1d n o PPear : oidn tin b lood. address I°l ld a d anger; c ertai n would Nvi i kt i evil di! " 11 of th e effo labo urs alleged 11 , me I_"lovern seL