The Sun. — London, England, 1853-06-04 00:00:00

Lie nominated by the Crown must have served either the Company or the Crown 10 years in India. Mr. D ISRAELI—Can they be nominated out of the 30 directors that now exist ? s ir C. WOOD—It w i ll b e no di squa lifi ca ti on o f any per hisBon being in the Court of Directors, if he have the other qualifications th at we require ; but merely being a director ° qualificati on, un l ess h e h as serve d th e 10 years , w hi c h we deein necessary. We believe that that constitution Willbe a great improvement in the Court of Directors. It be, of course to the interest of the Crown to name the best Indian servants that can be found ; and we shall Pthus introduce at least six most competent persons of large ..lian knowl e d ge and experience. We do not think it however, to tie u p the hands of Parliament so as to Prevent its making any change that may appear desirable ittzdsaf; s rm of government. The times change ; and in no one knows what necessity for alterations may al f ise . We do not propose, therefore, to fetter the power ? a Parliament for any period whatever, but we propose that this government shall last until Parliament shall other- I: w ise provide. While we believe that this will materially . Mprove the present, - government of India, still, if expe -"eace should prove that this form of government does not nswer our expectations, or if it should be thouht right by Parliament at any future period to adopt, on g the part bof the Cro wn, th e exclusive government of India, as it is e opinion of every man that the government coul d not c arried on 'without the assistance of a council, the nucleus for that council is to be found in those directors named by the Crown. We make some slight alteration in ee ee salaries of the directors. At present every director re tiblnBk3)oso/.ola. ear and and the chairman and deputy-chairman, year. Limiting the patronage - in the man lier that we propose to do we think it fair somewhat to iducrease those salaries. As their numbers also re 114°{1, and it will be necessary for them to residepretty g ener ally in tow n , we propose th a t th e di rec t ors s h ou ld re nsaa° 500 , a year, and the chairman and deputy-chairman, wriom a large amount of work will be thrown, should t r i' a e c i v o e nl lMOl. year. The power, privileges, and (Pall et all the directors will alike. I now come hinitations of the exercise of patronage by the di ill's. (Rear, hear.) At present the house is aware that all ' 44° aPPointments to the civil service in India, all the a ppointments to the College at Addiscombe for the en teers and artillery, all the appointments to the army, all toise to assi s t an t- surgeons hi ps, and, in fact, all the ap fatments to India are made by the Court of Directors. ll actic allY they are divided at present among the several the set° rs, and a certain portion by courtesy is allowed to ,aneeiPeresident of thVoard of Control ; the number of va (a 81 8 deterrek r ad by the demand from India. The he"ernor-General Teports how many persons are . likely to R aii wanted in the course of each year, and the additions to d C a .: 3 ' h nry anclAddiscombe are regulated by that deman . i„ e already stated the objections which have been taken .;,_sonie cases to the use of the directors' patronage, but ' L en Nye look at thepersons whom the Indian service has P (r ic e li d I think P a i r ' --ea r.) Many of the most distinguished men in the a „, "I P - °Y - Irient of the Crown have been takenfrom the Indian bltt c e. It would be invidious for me to mention names, e "%riles there are in abundance ; and it is a remarkable featurechat C n in the government . of India, as stated by Mr. Mill, l aa -at it is carried on chiefly by what t are called the middle v. 2"; as distinguished from the aristocracy. Mr. Mill ths," t asked by the committee if he thought it a fitting thing Z;:the son of a horsedealer should be sent out to India ; (1 he very properly answered, that if he were fitted to e situation. he did not see why he should not go as well s L a nY body else. The Earl of Ellenborough stated his t he a greater number of the aristocracy should be in rreduced into the Indian service, I see no objection to that °Position, not the least ; but they must be introduced „no it by merit, and not by patronage. (Hear.) With re - - cm, then to appointments to Haileybury, we propose al :lat tlie r s to do away with nomination—that no person A LTd be admitted by favour or nomination to the civil h e may of India. We propose that, under such regulations t ah may be framed by the Board of Control, subject o aPproval of Parliament, the admission to Haileybu be thrown open to unlimited competition. If the s aristo ° Taca• are able by those means to introduce them es to th e Indian service' I shall be exceedingly glad. .4,ay t he son of a h orsedealer can introduce hi mse lf i n th a t rI Shall be exceedingly glad. But there is to be no mlu s i aa a and no favour, Merit, and merit alone, is to the test of introduction to the civil service of India. „„ e ar hear, hear.) We propose to take a similar — "r B e with regard to the scientific branch of the Indian arm,. Z 1 1.7• That is to say, that the admission to the 'ege of Addiscombe shall in like manner be thrown open aa , ° °, mpetition. The same course we propose to take, also, reglird to the appointment of assistant-surgeons. : r uose are the three branches, civil and military, which are „ scientific character. Various modes have been sug,- a a '•ed ini which this rule for admission should be framed,. - '! l ‘i Sarno have proposed that a certain number of admiesf n°llB ahoUld be reserved for competition among the sons officers. - Ido not wish to bind myself as to the ( a l i e , ( ails of this plan, but what I mean is, that admission all be by open competition and not by favour or nom!. Elatl4 n• (Rear, hear.) This is, I admit, a great experi : r e nt, and by many able persons doubts have bteewnillete seed whether lit will succeed. This, at leaese, of this r ein ed,—the experiment will be tried in the f a ° llse and of the country, in whose power it face be to t e verse it if it should be found to fail. For myself, I fully There any ielieve that it will succeed. (Hear, hear.) nY matters of qualification, no doubt,whic which cannot be irli,:ted by any examination, however severe. Nevertheless, " 843 qualifications which we desire . more often than riterwise accompany intellectual acquirements. (Hear, xtear.) We shall have at least as good a chance as we have ri n e 'iv of those other qualifications, rt with intellectual supe ; and I believe we h shal e l h fi y d that by that intel these means secure, we 8 7 1 _,I s lal superiority 8 41. a rise still higher, and oi7tain for the benefit of India the a world has never yet seen. (Hear, afar.) service anyi aa rate a field may be opened to the public "'Lis country which never has been open to merit and mPet't' (Hear, hear.) With regard to what aro 1011. cal led the direct appointments to the army, I do not think that they are fit subjects for competition. Many qualities a ' 3 reuired. in a soldier beyond that of book learning. They will be subject to examinations of the same nature as those required of officers in the British army, which are S. high as those of any continental armies, and these ap p)intnaents will continue in the hands of the directors. The other point in which we interfere with the power of th e directors is that we subject to the approbation o f th e cao-ao their eppolutmeub or - ihc Council in India. I need not trouble you with any lengthened re marks upon the subject of the position of the Governor- General, because according to the concurrent testimony of all the witnesses there is not much change re quired in that. Lord Dalhousie is of opinion that 11 0 change is necessary. (Hear.) The questions that arose between him and the Council have been settled by the law officers and the direction at home, his d it . se . ems cite unn ecessar y to make any change in bi . s s posi s tion. ' c ue only chanue which we propose to ma e . i t - thi . It he from tlie whole of the evidence, that, in rusted as ' 4 , 0 is with the Government of India and the Government " 1 / 4 . lEteneal, he has more duties to attend to than he can n lai rlY - discharge. We propose, therefore, to re l lievr H him e administration of the province of Benga . ear, b L a r.) But we do not propose that any change should be ado in the general control which he exercises over the whole of the Indian Government. Complaints have been .ade by some in Bengal of the unnecessary expenditure ;','_aleh they say is imposed upon them by the Governor rn„ eral. But this does not appear to be borne out by the tt ae ' • It seems that the greatest expenditure was in the I;4'th-western provinces, the next in Madras, the next in ahl ai baY, and the least of all in Bengal. I do not think s lim this is a matter in any way of legislation, but a tike ter of di scret i on. Another point has been raised as to a bsence of the Governor-General from Calcutta with- VsChis council. That, again, I think, is a matter for reti on and not for leaislation. There are cases where d esirable that the ° Governor-General should leave tislacutta. Lord Harclinge, for example, went up with ' 4l` Tn ly clearly for the benefit of India • and when Lord et went,up to Bengal it was clearly for the interest t ec h is. that he should be there and not at Calcutta. He the wit h him the powers that were necessary for him g ee .0 e, and left with his council the superintendence of the .7aLe_eral affairs of India. No doubt it was desirable that the 47:1'ner-General should be as much at Calcutta as pos left hut this is a matter, as I before said, which must be t o .. n o the discretion of the Governor-General and council, f or fixed regulations could be laid awn which might ca ,„ sAject both the Governor-General and the empire to t 0 the i nconvenience. (Hear, hear.) With regard 41844;1 executive council, we propose no change except . tor s 4° members shall be named by the Court of Direc aaetai_s they are now with the approbation of the Crown ; , meat trie fourth ordinary member, or the " legislative ats, ,a °- as he is called, shall sit and vote upon all sub. inarrt T he evidence is uniformly in favour of the establish of th e 'n a Lieut enant-Governor in Bengal. The interests Tro t , Presidency are stated in many cases to have suffered (4: a nt of one, and as it will be desirable to relieve Ole my:a/nor-General of this office, and will clearly be to bet ge of the province, we propose that power pre ken to appoint a Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, and t Pose to continue the Lieutenant-Governor in Agra, ° a PPoint dies. I b a new presidency in the district on the _ln .uth,„„ „.,,eneve that this is all I need say about the Ex- Aa r •-• aaoye rn a... t as it been....tent of India, except . that the evidence, as pl at has 8. taken, is, that it would not be desirable ao natives in the council. Now, with resect to the P i- ract ic le al l , ll -! si Qli appointed in 1833, haa:e stated that no er e are result followed from their labours, and that_ ' thi n JP:eat defects in the law of India as it now stands. Part]ik fr very desirable that the mass of reports and , ree d a• -i ntais sa acts which remain of the labours of that u 1. 6 21 should be put into a shape to be practically tthh, ear, hear ) We have the advantage of having i 4 a r t in e° t lin ha t 4 rY three' or four gentlemen who too . k an active tb e et, fr ea , " th eollunission ; the first and we propose, in embers of vol b ° se gentlemen and two or three m ta• - "tea r ,' ar, with other !gentlemen who have kindly (- their services to appoint a temporary cora • Zlr lir ee3 , 4, 3 labours shall be limited to tyvo, or at most c nght s to digest and put into shape the reports and ,Our se ,;ivhich have emanated from that commission, Of and 4 Propose to invest them with any legislative % r th at legislati on o f I n di a mus t t a k e p l ace in India, the Le gislaqirl'Pose we pr o p ose t o i m p r ove and to enlarge wita eu e ouncil. (H ear , hear.) Upon that. point e gial ativ es are unanimous. We propose to constitute a et, e c an _ . ti e °I th e .ecli in this manner :—The Governor of a.viuteaant:wesidencies, or the Lieutenant-Governors of & I. setca . "evernorships will select one member of the ' ' 4 ef ee to for ' that a- llstic e 111 Part of the Legislative Council. Th e e ,. court , tlie Queen's Court, and one other judge ver nal ., Will also be members of the Council. The t o e L lnbe n , rsperal will have the power of selecting two th e 44 all I.l`usln eriminately from the civil service. There will hoo Dur Pos b ers, who we think will be sufficient for aa e , - o ngh enzigi. elation. It was stated by Lord Ellen lati in c ensa vidence that great inconvenience frequently n e je Ca na jfldence of there being no member of the Legis -1,1,1 ili a ': and at C alcutta, who knew anything of the man .,the.4°° will b e "" ) -8 of other parts of India. This inconve tb other r emoved by the selection of members from th e e ' ° nie4:;esidenctes, and although it is not proposed that i , ierZ bo n; have seats in the Executive Council, ek e : i llati on t r i l l further advantage, that they will supply ss ° I tl l , liv e °overnor-Geeea and his council in their th e con n a c a a %tv in all matters connected with those parts 91111 se '7 rein which they come. The . members of saraa, rvice Will bring with them that intimate ac ,if with th ' %ti e whi e h manners and customs of the people of There so requisite towards promoting sound legis • , sons of laZere woulci also be the advantageof three per t ns, Jur` e ducati on f• „ 'N e ( I - ges. I afrom England, and two of the Preh ab e th a t i hope that the result of this will be to in th l e all • mProved spirit of legislationwith which it is ore npili th ese gointhus . fo aeril , o y Inibned veto this country to India v, be 4 ,co rae r - Cla naral propose, however, to give the ane improve ta ano i l l' e e r o on . their legislation. (Hear, hear.) • ,ol3fr,inatic:yelaent whicabject of great importance.. I mean e . propose in the administration oc e se, in ia tt h e e courts or tne different presidencies. W I tl " . l aeb beducation at Haileayb it tour .of first place • considerable ' change in the eta °la.. students are sub'ul7' tkinarii4.b_resent there i and in the examinations 8 anjeecxtaed.befe.re they proceed to u n the admission of the m e t : u n d a e t i n o t n t h e y ind e Haileyburyp nd e n t; 'I . but, with regard to persons leaving, the examinations are conducted only by the professors of the college. A great deal of time, it is loOlie ved, is needlessly wasted at that in stitution in the study of the Oriental languages, which, it would appear, from all the evidence taken before the com mittee, could be much more easily and speedily acquired in India. It is obvious that the time devoted to the acqui sition of those languages is necessarily taken away from subjects which we believe to be of far greater importance for the education of persons intended for the civil service. (Hear.) We propose that the examinations at the entrance of students at Haileybury shall be such as to establish that, wherever they have been educated—whether at Lon don, Dublin, or Edinburgh—they have received a good education. We propose, also, that there should be a con siderable addition made to the legal education at present given at Haileybury. It was recommended by some of the witnesses that there should be a distinction made at the outset between the legal, and what I may call the revenue, branch of the civil service. One witness proposed that the judges of India should be chosen at once from the English bar ; but all the other witnesses were unani mous that that was impossible. It clearly appeared from the evidence of the most competent witnesses that there was great advantage gained on the subsequent career of a judge by his having commenced his services in the col. lector's department, because he was there enabled to ac quire that knowledge of the manners, and habits, and dis positions of the people of India without which he was unable adequately to discharge his duty as a judge ; and, indeed, the fact was, that no inconsiderable part of the duties of a collector were of a judicial character. Most of the suits connected with land, for instance, were decided by the collectors. We propose, then, that at Haileybury the students shall receive a sound legal education—l do not mean in the mere technicalities of the profession, but in the principles of jurisprudence—which will enable them to administer any law, whether English, Mahomedan, or Hindoo. (Hear, hear.) We propose that an improved education of this kind should be conferred upon every person going to 11.aileybury. lam in hopes at ;present that the term of two years will be found sufficient for this purpose—at least, such is the opinion of the heads of the college; but if upon experience that period should be found to be too short, it will be, extehded, so that no person going thence out to India shall go without a thorough legal education. We propose to insure the utmost fairness in all the examinations—and that the examinations on coming out of Haileybury, as well as on going in, should be con ducted by independent examiners. Ido not mean to say that any undue favour has hitherto been shown in the examinations on coming out of the college ; but, at the same time, I think it only fair that the examinations should be conducted by independent examiners rather than by members of the college. I may mention that there is at present a most severe examination of the civil ser vants in India before they are appointed to important situations. This examination has onlx been recently intro duced, and is of a very stringent character, as the follow ing document will phow :—" After this apprenticeship of several years, the assistant to a collector and magistrate is regarded as a candidate for promotion. He is then subjected to a further examination, with a view of testing his knowledge of the languages and the laws of the country, and his promotion is made dependent on the success with which he passes the test. Of twenty civilians who came up in 1852 seven only were passed. A successful candidate is then deemed qualified for the office of collector or magistrate," I hope that the result of these examinations will be, that all future members of tire civil and judicial services will be found duly qualified for the execution of their duties. We propose that, after a time, they shall be allowed to select which branch I hey will follow ; and that, if they select the judicial branch, they shall not afterwards be re moved into the collecting department. (Hear, hear.) We propose, also, an improvement of the Superior Court of India. At present there is the Queen's Court in each of the presidency towns for the administration of justice to the English inhabitants ; and there is also the highest court of the company's officers, called the " Sudder A dawlut," being substantially the same court for civil and criminal justice, under different names. We propose to consolidate'these two courts. (Hear, hear.) We believe that the constitution of both will be improved by the amalgamation; we believe that the addition of the Queen's judges will introduce the improved law and knowledge which they carry from this country into the company's service, and that the addition of the company's judges sitting with lawyers from this country will give those English lawyers what they want,—an acquaintance with the manners, and habits, and laws of India. (Hear.) We propose that this court shall be the ultimate court of appeal in each of the presidencies from all the others, and that minor courts shall be instituted in each of the towns of the presidencies, subject to an appeal to the Court of Amal gamated Judges. We propose also that in certain cases this court shall have original jurisdiction, and that the judges shall be occasionally employed as a special commis sion to try causes in any part of the country. We believe that these reforms will be the means of introducing an improved practice and tone into all the courts of the country ; and in every part of the coun try there will be. the advantage of trials before judges of the highest court of judicature. I was exceedingly anxious that this im provement should have been embodied in the bill which I mean to ask leave to introduce, but, after consulting with members of the late Law Commission of India, I found that in consequence of the necessary arrange meats connected with the forms of procedure it would be necessary to postpone it till we shall have received the report of the commission which we propose to ' institute, and whose first duty will be to prepare forms of procedure applicable to the new court. With respect to the native judges, I do not know that much more can be done but to continue the progress we have begun. They are at present subjected to severe examination at every step of their promotion. We propose, however, that the salaries of the lower class of judges shall be raised. It appears from the evidence which we have received that in every rank above the lowest the salaries of the judges are quite adequate ; but probably there can be no better mode of removing the temptation with regard to the old practice of administering justice by means of indirect influence than by first improving the moral tone of the judges, and then increasing their salaries. (Hear, hear.) There are other topics of VaSi importance which I might refer to, and perhaps there is none of more importance than that of na tive education ; but, as we have not entered upon any inquiry with respect to that subject yet, it would be pre mature to address many observations to you upon it. But I may say that there has been a great improvement in re spect to this - matter in the course of the last 20 years. We used to spend considerable sums and to take considerable trouble in educating a large body of the natives in Oriental literature, which was of little value to them ; but chiefly owing, I believe, to the exertions of the right hon. gentle man the member for Edinburgh (Mr. Macaulay), European literature has been substituted for antiquated Sanscrit ; and if hon. members will take the trouble to refer to the appendix of the Lords' report they will see abundant proofs of the proficiency to which the natives have attained in this respect. The natives have also made great progress in the science and practice of medicine. They have been induced to forego their old national prejudice against touching a dead body ; and the skill with which they use the scalpel is equal to that of many Europeans. (Hear.) I won't at present say anything of the Government schools for the education of the natives, which are hereafter to be the subject of inquiry. But I may mention that we have satisfactory accounts of the missionary schools in which the Bible is ordinarily used with the full knowledge of the Brahmins. I believe that no great number of the natives ultimately become Christians ; but we hay(' strong, testi mony in favour of the improved moral habits which have followed from their attendance at the schools, and from the Christian education they receive there. (Hear, hear.) There is strong testimony, moreover, to this fact, that the spread of Christianity among the more educated and en lightened class of natives is fast sapping the foundations of their debasing faith. It is notorious that the Government interfere in no respect with the religion of the natives, and no person is more convinced than I am that it is a wise and beneficial course, because I believe that if we attempted to do otherwise we should only impede the progress which it is so desirable to promote. I may not be uninteresting to the house to know that by the last mail we have accounts of the baptism of Dhuleep Singh, a descendant of Runjeet Singh, a prince of high rank, which ceremony, it appears, took place, not ostentatiously, but privately, and without the slightest parade. (Hear.) I say that we interfere not, and I think rightly, in the propagation of our religion among the natives ; but, on the other hand, I am bound to express my opinion that I think we have been per fectly right in taking care that the professors of Christianity shallincur no loss in consequence. (Hear.) Strong opin ions have lately been expressed against the passing of the act which prevents the forfeiture of the property of Hin doos on their becoming Christians ; but I think that that act was perfectly right, and that no religion professed in any part of the Queen's dominions should entail the for feiture of property. I quite agree therefore, in the pro priety of passing that act. So far, I think that we were perfectly justified. I think the Government are perfectly right in abstaining from proselytising among the Hindoos in favour of Christianity, though, at the same time, I think we ought to give them eery advantage when they do embrace that faith. I hope and trust that the educa tion they are receiving will gradually lead to the reception of that faith in India ; but that result we must leave in the hands of Him who will, in His good time, bring about that which He desires to come to pass. (Hear, hear.) But I am anxious to say that I differ from the opinion which was expressed in evidence by a noble lord, to the effect that the education of the natives is to be avoided, as tending to diminish our hold on them. I should be sorry to think that such was the case. No doubt our-empire of India is an anomalous empire .; but I do not believe that we shall endanger that empire by educating the natives of India. (Hear, hear.) I believe, on the contrary, that if the great body of the natives were educated and enlightened, and not only edu cated and enlightened, but bound to us by the ties of a common faith, we should increase rather than relax our hold upon the Indian , empire. (Hear, hear.) Bus, be that as it may, it seems to me that it is our plain duty to im prove the condition and to increase the enlightenment of the people. I believe, as I have said, that by so doing , we shall strengthen our empire there ; but, even if the reverse should be the case, it seems to me that our path of duty is equally clear—that, even if the result should be the loss of that empire, we should occupy a far higher and prouder position in the history of the world, if, by our agency, we should succeed in establishing a c i v ili se d an d Christian empire in India, than if we continued to rule over a people debased by ignorance and degraded by superstition. (The right hon. gentleman resumed his seat about half -past -pas 10, having spoken exactly five hours.) Mr. BRIGHT felt considerable difficUltY in rising to ad dress the house, after having sat five hours in listening. to the speech of the right hon. gentleman. But the question being one of very first-rate importance, and one. to which he had paid great attention, as well as formed strong opinions about, he therefore felt unwilling that the bill should be suffered to be brought in, or that this opportunity should pass, without briefly commenting on the legislative plan just offered to the consideration of the house. (Hear, hear.) In his opinion, there existed great inconsistency in what the right hon. gen tleman had said, and what he proposed to do—(hea.r, hear) — because if. one were to take his speech as a faithful represen tation of the condition of India and the past proceedings of the government, , (Mr. Bright) should say that he had greatly failed in his 'plan as regarded the change in the go vernment of that country. But if the speech was not a faith ful portrait of India, what the right liOn. gentleman proposed to do with regard to the home administration was altogether insufficient for the present occasion. (Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Bright) intended to apply his observations mainly to the or ganisation of the home administration. He was not sur prised that her Majesty's Government should have taken an unsatisfactory course with regard to this measure, because they did not seen to know what to do from the outset when this question was brought before them. He did not allude to all the right hon. gentlemen on the Treasury bench in this icatement, but particularly to the noble lord J. Russell), be cause it was when that noble lord was at the head of the Go vernment that the question was first proposed. It was well THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JUNE 4, 1853. known that Sir J. C. Hobhouse was not in favour of inquiry into the past government and 'present condition of India. The noble lord thought with him, but subsequently came to the conviction that it would bo desirable to have a committee appointed. The committee was appointed, and sat for evi dence at the commencement of the present session; and the noble lord (J. Russell) admitted, in reply to a question put by him (Mr. Bright), that it, was the intention of her Majesty's Ministers to legislate for India, leaving the home department of that Government altogether as it at present stood. From that time to the present Various rumours had been afloat. Some thought there would be no legislation at all ; the next week the rumour was that there would be legis lation, and of a sweeping nature, which he never believed—(a laugh)—and, again, it was conjectured that the legislation would be such as they that night had beard. Only so late as Saturday last it was said that the legislation would be of a very temporary nature, which he (Mr. Bright) confessed he believed at the time. A question was put to the noble lord on the subject some few days since ; the hon. gentleman who put the question was requested to postpone it to Tuesday evening ; but when Tuesday evening came, the answer to the question was that the statement of the right hon. baronet on Friday evening would fully embrace every proposition. Well, at length it did come out in the statement of the right hon. gentleman, which had some good things in it—but a man could scarcely speak five hours without saying somethiug good. (Hear, hear, and a laugh.) But, as regarded the main proposition, he was not at all convinced that her Ma jesty's Government had substituted anything better than the plan at present in existence. (Hear.) It appeared to him that the right hon. baronet had made a very long speech in defence of the Indian Government; but from the great ma jority of the observations he (Mr. Bright) wholly dissented. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. baronet had stated that he let no individual conversant with India whose opinion it was not that it would be dangerous to postpone legislating for India beyond the present year. The right hon. gentleman adduced as proof of that a private letter written by Lord Dalhousie, which he (Mr. Bright) did not deem conclusive proof at all upon the matter. (Hear.) That noble lord was mixed up in the present system, and was so completely surrounded by parties who were deeply concerned in the existing state of things, that he could not be regarded as a superior authority to any man in ten thousand who never had been Governor- General of India. (Hear, hear.) Now, in his (Mr. Bright's) opinion, so far from postponement being felt by the natives of India as a calamity, he thought no evil whatever would re sult from creating in the minds of any number of persons a feeling that the Government of India was viewed as a great and solemn question by that house. (Hear.) He thought, on the contrary, that the feeling created in their minds would be one of confidence and hope, and that whatever would be done in the way of agitation Would be more by way of acquir ing information, in a friendly and generous spirit, than by creating an excitement to make legislation difficult. (Hear.) But coming to the argument on which the measure was based, he should say the speech was that of an advocate of the East India Government as at present constituted. (Hear.) It seemed as if an order had been sent down from the Board of Control to the clerks of the Court of Directors, telling them to do everything so as to make it appear that the existing Government was oue worthy of the confidence of the country. (Hear, hear.) His (Mr. Bright's) views of it was this—that the Indian Government, composed of two branches, not to be amalgamated into one, was a govern ment of secresy, and irresponsible to a degree that should not be tolerated in a country like this, where we had a Constitu tional and Parliamentary Government. (Hear.) He had not the least idea of bringing forward any charge against the mem bers of the Court of Directors, as if they were anxious to mis govern India. He thought the twenty-four gentlemen of the board acted as well as any twenty-four gentlemen similarly elected would act, surrounded with difficulties, and at the dictation of the Board of Control. (Hear, hear.) Neither did he charge the Board of Control with not doing as well as it could have done ; for almost within every two or three years, sometimes oftener, the president of that board was changed according to the succession of new administrations. Then there was the combination of the Court of Directors, so that the government altogether was of a description which, in his mind, never could work wisely or beneficially, taken in com parison with the principles they had found to be wise in the Government of this country. The theory of the old Govern ment could not be defended; indeed, it had been admitted to be ludicrous and childish, and he (Mr. Bright) thought the present plan no better. (Hear, hear.) In 1748 the old sys tem was established, a period when the feuds of faction pre vailed. The house, in 1813, resolved to continue this system for twenty four years longer, a time when this country was at hostilities with France, and again, in 1833, it was re enacted, after the hurricane of reform had swept the country, and when all circumstacces rendered it difficult for the Go vernment to pass the best measure they might for India. (Hear, hear.) But all these difficulties appeared now to have vanished, and there never was a question brought before Par liament more free froni complication, or one in reference to which they were more at liberty to wisely and fully consider, than the present. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Campbell stated in his work on India, that " the division of authority between the Board of Control and the Court of Directors rendered all deli berations slow and difficult, inasmuch as twenty-four direc tors sitting in one place, and a Board of Control in another, were not likely to speedily agree on any point." (Hear, hear.) Mr. Kaye also condemned the system of double Go vernment in the province of Bengal at the period of 1772, which he termed " a sham and an imposture, certain to be demolished at the first blow." He characterised it in his work—which, by the way, had been circulated at the ex pense of the Court of Directors, at least the chairman had made him (Mr. Bright) a present of a copy—as a system " calculated to introduce corruption, and whilst it ruined our finances, it also soiled our character." But that was not all ; Mr. Kaye further described it as a system which " obscured responsibility and deluded public opinion." (Hear, hear.) " The past history of India," it continued, " was a history of revenue wasted, and domestic improvements ruined by war." This question of divided and concealed responsibility—or ra ther no responsibility —was the pith of the present question ; and the house should take care and not allow itself to be di verted from it. The hon. member for Guildford asked why he (Mr. Bright) did not produce a plan ? He remembered an hon. gentleman in that house saying, when a similar question was put to him, " ho would produce his plan when called on." (Laughter.) But the plan before the house to-night was evi dently one concocted between the right hon. President of the • .ard of Control and the hon. member for Guildford and his colleagues. Some persons were disposed to undervalue the importance of this point, and fancied it did not much matter what should be the form of government existing here, as the population of India would always, in the mass, be in a condi tion of poverty and suffering, and that whatever was to be done should be done,in India, this country resolving not to interfere, even though the question involved affected the go vernment of some 100,000,000 of human beings. Mr. Kaye, who appeared to hold a brief for the company, and had writ ten a book for them, had endeavoured to depreciate the cha racter of the Mogul princes ; but if they referred to the evi dence of Mr. Marchmont, who was examined before the com mittee, and who was the editor of the " Friend of India," a newspaper favourable to the Government, they would find that in his paper, under the date of April, 1852, he stated that the sengal peasantry were in the most wretched and de more than a single meal for themselves rag gra s d , ed an s d ta ra te— rel t y he ha y lived in wretched hovels, wedre clothed in and their families. If the real condition of those who raised the harvest, which produced between three and four millions, Now were t k known, n s a idt that would B e m a n t le wasthe earsioabetter of the condition e ither Madras or Bombay, but it appeared to be the same ever ywhere. He was satisfied that when the people of a c ountry like India were in such a condition of pauperism an d he i rs tion tingle. than wretchedness as that, there must be some serious defect in the Government. (Hear, hear.) In the report of the cotton com missioners it was stated that the population was in the most abject state of poverty and degradation, and tie could cite many other authorities in corroboration of that state ment. One authority stated that their. British rulers in India were like nothing but locusts, who devoured every thing. The right honourable gentlemen had referred to the salt duties, but he would tell them what the " Friend of India said upon that point. Although the right hon. gentleman had endeavoured to persuade them that the consumption was increasing, the authority he held in his hand, and which could not be contested, stated that it was rapidly decreasing. In 1849-50, the quantity consumed wa5205,000 tons; inlBso-51, it was 186,000 tons ; and in 1851-52, it was 146,000 tons— showing a decrease of 60,000 tons in three years, and at 71. per ton—a decrease in the revenue of 416,000/. Now, it must be borne in mind that with their vegetable diet the use of salt was most essential to health, and must be largely consumed ; and the large decrease in this prime necessary of life denoted a declining condition of the population, and that he thought must ultimately affect very disadvantageously the revenues of the Indian Government. With regard to the state of crime and the police system of the district of Bengal, ho found a statement in the " Friend of India," of April last, which de tailed the attack of a zemindar and his armed retainers upon the factory of a European, to which he supposed he had some claim, no great encouragement to English manufacturers to settle there. The police officer sat upon the roof of a hut quite unconcernedly, while the Europeans and the natives fought a pitched battle. The house might conceive from that what was the state of society in a presidency which England had had possession of for centuries, when such a matter was referred to as being of ordinary occurrence. He thought that formed rather a contrast to the picture of prosperityand beauty whit% the right hon. gentleman had furnished to the house. Much was said about the construction of great lines of road,and the rapidity with which the mail was conveyed, averaging, it was said, ten miles an hour ; but he found that the roads were everywhere in an almost impassable state, and that on many of the great lines the rate of travelling was five, four, and in some cases only three miles an hour. Then look at the perio dical famines with which the country was visited. In Madras the last famine had occasioned a loss of revenue of 1,000,0001., the property lost amounting, of course, to many millions more, while between 200,000 and 300,000 lives were sacrificed. He hoped the house and the country would not be diverted from the consideration of these gigantic and incredible evils by the statements of the right hon. gentleman. .In the North-west Provinces it would appear that the want of irrigation was severely felt, although no mean authority had stated that irrigation was a question not of profit, but of actual exist ence. He might refer, also, to the great embankment at Kistna, which would have saved many hundred thousand lives if it had been completed, but it was stopped because the money was wanted for other purposes—he supposed for the Burmese war. (Hear, hear.) Colonel Cotton had remon strated against this, and au attempt was actually made to suppress the order for the stoppage of the improvements and C th o e l o e n o e u l ut Cotton's i7 , India actually remonstrances. paid n A s g consequence rea dd te h t of the the of w e at of communication, a sum equal to the whole of the taxation. He would not now detain the house by entering upon the question of the administration of justice in India ; but it would appear that there was an absolute terror on the part of the native population of coming under the jurisdiction of the European courts. It was altogether hopeless to expect Englishmen to invest property in India which might be placed under the control of the company's courts of justice. That was one reason why there had, of late years been no 'increase in the number of persons settling in India. The law Commis sion was to have done great things for India, but their report had been bandied about for years between India and that country, and the court of directors actually sneered at the idea of their propositions being carried out, the object evi dently being to extinguish the commission altogether. It wtratairosayui,doOfrajindleidstgraieheo believed it was perfectly true , that there was di not on the face of the earth a more complicated, extraor cieufuLdsyiastaetmththeapnreteehuatt mteormmeeudt.theTandemriignhist hon. gentleman had referred to some statistics of Col. Sykes, have oubt b le en ss h e which should s w h o o u u l l d d d eav Goverment d u established o th e t table o shuisi t et l ah o s n ee g usince,purposes th and eoy of were only accessibl e to thpl placed the right hon. gentleman. Colonel Sykes stated that for o e o Provinces , stmnar w many years past th e average expenditure upon roads, &e., was 300,0( 0/. In 1851, the expenditurewas above that sum, of f w a h v i o c u h r i t t h e e , g N o o t r t 2 h 4 - o wste7 , 01 estimate for 1852. So that, ou t of 300,000/ , the three pre sidencies of Bengal, Bombay, a n d Madras reCeived only about . 60,0001. for internal improvements. (H ear, hear.) It cou ld proportions on to s bet: the be shown that the reason Why so little was done in India by Europeans, was the absence of security for capital. (Hear, hear.) Yet Englishmen were not over prudent or cautious in investments of their capital, and often lent to Governments who made it a rule not to repay. J(A laugh.) It was s a id, i n d eed, by the Company some time ago, that the settlement of Englishmen in India was !not to be encouraged. So far as they were concerned, India was terra incognita. In each of the three presidencies there were scarcely 1,600. Indeed, an Englishman was hardly ever seek except in the shape of a tax-collector. (Hear, hear.) It was impossible but that if the Ulaited States had been possessors of India, where we had ter.s they would have had hundreds settled in India. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. gentleman had spoken of the increase of trade. It could not, of course, but be considerable, for it had begun with nothing. (Hear, hear.) There was little alteration in our Indian policy or principles from what they were in the last century ; and any increase of trade was not owing to that. Our total exports to India were 8,000,000/., 'but abpve 5,000,0001. of that amount were of the cotton trade. Upon these figures it would appear that the cotton trade had en grossed almost all the increase of Indian commerce. But to bring all .the rest of our trade together, the total amount di vided among the 1 50,000,000 of the Indian population bras only 2,500,0001. Whereas Brazil had only a population of 7,500,000, of whom half were slaves, better off, perhaps, than the people of India, yet the exports to Brazil were 2,500,0001. If India bnly took in the proportion of one-half, she would take five times as much as she did of our trade. (Hear.) Such was the result of our rule in India as respected trade here. (Hear.) In India the population receive only manufactures to the amount of ls. ld. a-head per annum, while in Brazil they took to the amount of Bs. 6d. a-head. (Hear.) The manufacturers of thi s country had a deep interest in this question. (Hear.) The right hon, gentleman referred to the employment of the natives. This had been made a grnat point of in 1833, that natives should be employed without distinction of colour, caste, or creed, yet it did not appear that there had been the least change in that respect. (Hear-) On the contrary, the present measure would leave things just as they were, or worse than they were, before 1833. (Hear.) The right hon. gentl eman proposed to keep up the exclusive ness of the " covenanted " service. The court of directors had discouraged a native university, and had shown the ut most indisposition to qualify the natives for admission. to offices of trust and credit. (Hear.) It was impossible, then, to accept the highly-varnished statement of the right hon. gentleman as faithful and true. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. gentleman had spoken of education and religion. It appeared that we had succeeded in overthrowing to a great. degree the native system of education. The !village school master had disappeared. A n d now out of 100,000,000 of people the Government were only instructing 25,000 childrim, and out of 29,000,0001. of revenue, they were expending only 60,0001. on education. (Hear, hear.) In India, then, we had upset the native system of education, and replaced it with nothing. (Hear.) As to our ecclesiastical establishment, there were three bishops with 100,0001. a-year, intended only for 50,000 Europeans, half of whom were Ron:4n Catholies. And while the Protestant bishops had 4,0001., with 1,2001. a-year for ex p enses , the Catholic bishops had only 2501. a-year. (Hear, h ear .) The question of Indian finance the right hon. gentleman had got over in a very lam© style. (Hear, and laughter.) Among the defences of the Indian government, circulated at the expense of the Indian people—(laughter)—was a book of Mr. Prinsep, who showed that, for the last 16 years, the revenue raised Was 340,000,0001., and the expenditure 341,000,0001—a million in excess. The company had ,borrowed 16,000,000/., acrd out of this aggregate of 356,000,000/., only 5,000,000/, had been paid for public works, and 10,000,000/. in the way of dividends. (Hear, hear.) What was the Indian debt, which must come into the budget some year ? (Hear, hear.) It was stated by Sir Robert Peel, in 1842, in his great speech on the state of our finances, when he proposed that tem porary income tax which had happened to be permanent— (laughter)—that though there might appear no direct con nection between Indian and English finance, that was a very superficial view of the case ; for that if the credit of Indian finance were shaken, that of England must sustain it, or be shaken too. (Hear.) Aud the right hon. baronet stated that the deficit was 4,700,000/., which had been growing ever since. (Hear.) And though the last year there was an ap parent surplus, it was delusive ; and this year there was a de ficit again, which must increase, in consequence of the Burmese war. (Hear, hear.) He wanted to know where that system was to end. He found that under the present government of India the debt of that country had been con stantly increasing. When the Board of Control had first been constituted, the debt had amounted to 8,000,000/. ; in 1805 it had amounted to 10,000,000/.; in 1849 it had amounted to 44,000,000/. ; in 1853 it amounted to 47,000,000/. ; and including the bonded debt at home, it was at present 51,000,0001. The military expenditure had increased since the . period when the last charter act had been passed from 8,000,0001. to 12,000,0001. Under the present system of governing India, a feeling must necessarily have grown up among the population, that we hold their country for the purpose of extort ing taxes from them, and not for the promotion of their wel fare. He believed that the sum taken from the people was equal to the entire rent of the land. (Marks of dissent from Mr. Mangles.) • The hon. member shook his head; but he (Mr. Bright) believed he could show that in many parts of the country the sum paid to the Government was more than the rent of the land. Mr. Campbell hail set down the gross re venue at present raised in India at 27,000,000/. ; and Mr. Kaye, who was the latest authority upon the subject, and who, no doubt, wrote in a comfortable room at the India House, with the best sources of information at his command, estimated the gross revenue of India at 29,000,0001. The land revenue alone amounted to between 12,000,000/. and 13,000,000/. ; and yet it was not half enough to carry on the government of the country. And let it be remembered that 29,000,000/. in India was a very different sum fi om 29,000,000/. in this country, for in India any given amount of money would purchase four or five times the amount of labour which it would purchase in England. In India they raised from a people without steam-engines, and from a people whose lauds 'were cultivated in the rudest manner, an amount of taxation which imposed a heavier burden, he would venture to say, than had ever been borne by a people possessing the same means of bearing it. (Hear.) And yet that taxation was not sufficient to maintain the public establishments, and during the last 16 years 16,000,000/. had been borrowed for paying the dividends of the holders of East India stock in this coun try. The right hon. gentleman had alluded to the opium question. Now he (Mr. Bright) wondered that the right hon. gentleman had been able to speak of it with his usual com posure. It appeared to him that that opium question was ono of the most alarming which they had to consider. (Hear, hear.) There could not be the slightest doubt that opium would soon be very extensively cultivated in China, and then away went the 3,000,0001. of revenue which the East India Company at present derived from that article. They had already a deficit in the finances of India ; they had seen loans opened in that country during the last 45 years ; they had a Burmese war, involving a considerable new outlay ; after hav ing annexed a portion of the Burmese territory, they would have to meet au increased expenditure; and, in addition to all that, they had a prospect of a loss of 3,000,000/. of revenue, which might take place next year. (Hear.) He asked the house to consider how the people of this country would be prepared to listen to a proposal for raising a considerable loan, with a view to maintain our supremacy in India. He asked them to consider whether it would not be better for them to see in time whether they could not alter the policy which tended to those results—whether they could not reduce the expense of their civil service—whether they could not im improve their means of communication, and by that means diminish their military expenditure, and whether they might not with advantage receive it as an acknowledged principle that a Governor-General who returned home from India without having added one acre to their territory should be received•with more honour than a Governor-General who re turned home after having added to that territory a province or a kingdom. The plan of the right hon. gentleman appeared to him (Mr. Bright) to differ very little from the existing system ; and he confessed he had never seen so great a cry with so little wool. The proposal of the right hon. gentleman came to this, that the 30 gentlemen who had hitherto consti tuted the East Indian Board were, by process of self-immola tion, to be reduced to 13. He thought that would be one of the most affecting scenes in the history of India—(laughter)— and he hoped' that as the company kept their writers they would employ a painter to depict that great event. (Renewed laughter.) The public would then see the hon. member for Honiton (Sir J. W. Hogg), the hon. member for Guildford (Mr. Mangles), and their colleagues, like so many men in a sinking boat, 'casting lots to see who should go overboard, whether the young or the old, the fat or the lean. (Continued laughter.) Fifteen of them should go, and 15 of them would remain, while three othe rs wou ld b e a dd e d ; an d th en , instead of 33 councillors they would have but' 18. Of those 18 the Government would ultimately have the nomination of 6 ; and let me here observe how the right hon. gentleman would carry Out his Scheme. He wished that six of the direc tors should be chosen by the Crown, from the most eminent men connected with' the service of India, who had passed 10 years in, that country. But that very arrangement showed that the right hon. gentleman himself did not approve of the mode of selecting the other six. There were to be two ingre dients in the composition of the board, the one wholesome and the other poisonous, and the right hon. gentleman would give them two grains of poison for one . grain of wholesome nutriment. (Hear, hear.) That was the plan which the right hon. gentleman sought to palm upon the house as a great and a comprehensive measure. (Ironical cries of hear, hear.) He (Mr. Bright) would venture to say that there never had been so great a speech—he meant so great in length—(a laugh)—as that of the right hon. gentleman, which told so little of what the house and the country really wanted to know. (Laughter.) There were to be twelve members of the board whom the right hon. gentle man would degrade, by the very nature of his proposal, and there were six other 'members who were to be properly elected, because the twelve others were not elected in a satis factory manner— (laughter)—those twelve others consisting of bankers and brewers, and people of all sorts in the city of London—(continued laughter)—who found it their interest to get themselves nominated to the office, no matter through what kennel they might have to pass on their way to it. (Laughter.) But those gentlemen were to be twelve in num ber, while their better selected, and no doubt better qualified colleagues, were to be only six in number. (Hear„ hear.) He should certainly have been less disposed to disapprove of the measure of the right hon. gentleman if he had left out the to a k secretn o w whetheramcommittee e the as twelve altogether, and had confined himself to the six, who alone could be expected to possess the confidence of the r country. ighthol2 (H e r,he gentlemana heretofore (an indication in the affirmative from Sir C. Wood). The right hon. gentleman, it appeared, was to have that secret committee, which was to be composed of the chairman, confirmation of his opinion, said that quoted Mr. Tucker in u as tth an e o ri t ' h ; r lan n t e to wi lt e v d e he believed that the secret co present 30 gentlemen under went, was no better than a the deputy-chairman, and himself. Rut Mr.. Kaye, who very extraordinary Then In ditherelndia ;hb w . the small sum of 3001 a year Now, no private weat, s it secretary, or even than a sea. each, all the hardship of governing gentleman was going to raise the wages f ifis 18 directors by to the office, he (Mr. Bright) had pa tronage were to be attached no hesitation in expressing his belief that the salary would be v a ul m d a n p g p em ea e r n , t for At . a sum of 200/. a year. (A laugh.) too small, and would be inconlsdistea nt ea w r t a h s aifw:hs:economy. (Hear, hear.) Indeed, w e o r u rourufe p d by ' all sorts of rightdifficul ties,hon gentleman, finding himself s do tine* alittle of everybody's had determined upon a if adopting tried e had rre to please everybody, views except his own—as and bad in the end succeeded in pleasing nobody at all. He Bright) (Mr. honestly declared that if he co u ld ma k e suc h a I , at of the right honourable gentleman, and s peech as t . b e lieve in its statements, he would have left the Go vernment of India as it was — {hear, bear)—and if he had thought it necessary to alte r th at government at all, he would have altered it essentially and upon principle. He • t the whole plan of the right hon. gentle protested against -man. That was a question in which no class in this country could have any intere • st distinct from that of any other class ; it was not a question of Manchester against Essex, of demo cracy ag ainst aristocracy, of Church against non-conformity. (Hear, hear.) It was a question upon which they had all the ram© interest, and upon which their children might have a still deeper interest. (Cheers.) If they drove the people of India to an insurrection which would render it necessary for England to re-conquer them, or to retire from their land for ever, they would find themselves reduced to a most distress ing alternative, and one which he could certainly not wish to have recorded in the annals of his country. He objected to that bill mainly upon the ground that it would maintain a double government of India. Mr. Tucker's description of such a government was that it was a mockery, and evasion of re sponsibility, and a delusion practised tipon the people. The measure had been framed in a spirit of most uustatesmanlike policy by the right hon. gentleman, and in that policy he (Mr. Bright) presumed the right hon. gentleman was backed by the noble lord the member for London. He confessed he wished some of the younger blood of the Cabinet had had their way in that matter; for nothing could ever induce him to believe that that was a bill which had received the appro bation of a united Cabinet, composed of 13 sensible men. He felt deeply anxious that, in legislating for India, they should legislate in a wise and beneficent spirit, and that they should hereafter leave traces of better rule in that country favourable to the English name. In one of the most admirable speeches he had ever heard the noble lord the member for Tiverton had expressed his wish that the inhabitants of this country should be able to imitate the language of the greatest people of antiquity—civis Romanus sum. But they ought to endeavour to rival Rome in the wisdom of her rule, as well as the grandeur of her empire. The Romans had been great conquerors ; but they had always been sagacious and beneficent rulers ; and although 14 centuries had elapsed since the overthrow of their dominion, the traces of their civilisation might still be found in every country of Europe (Cheers.) Why should not England follow a similar career in India ? There never was a people more docile than the people of that country ; there never had been a race of rulers more powerful than the English race in India, and surely they might now well abandon the policy of aggression and invasion —(hear)—and confine themselves to the erritory which they already possessed, which was ten times the size of France, and Vaich contained a population nearly five times as great as that 'of the United Kingdom. (Hear, hear.) Surely that was enough for the most gluttonous lover of glory, of power, and supremacy. Let them henceforward govern that people as if they did not keep them as a preserve upon which they might prey. Let them gradually educate that people, and then they would find that distinctions of caste would gradually 'disappear, and that the natives of India would look upon them rather as benefactors than as conquerors and aggressors ; and then they would find that Christianity would come to be professed in that country infinitely sooner, because we had set them a high and a generous example, than it could come. to be professed under any other policy which we could possibly pursue. (The hon. gentleman resumed his seat amidst enthusiastic cheering). Mr. J. PHILLIMORE moved the adjournment of the debate. Lord J. RUSSELL said that the second reading of the In come Tax Bill stood first upon the Drders of the house for Monday next. He proposed to take the adjourned debate upon the Government plan for the administration of the affairs of India after the third reading of that bill had been disposed of. He hoped there would not be a long debate with respect to the introduction of the measure. Mr. DISRAELI hoped the noble lord would give ample time to consider the measure. Lord J. RUSSELL said that the sooner the introduction of the bill was allowed to take place the sooner would hon. members be able to express their opinions with respect to it. Mr. DISRAELI said be meant to allude to the considera tion of the Government measure after the debate upon its in troduction had been disposed of. He should repeat that he hoped ample time would be given to hon members to examine its details. Lord J. RUSSELL said that the house should have a full opportunity of considering the bill. REGISTRATION OE PARISH VESTRIES. . Sir G. PECHELL obtained leave to bring in a bill for the regulation of parish vestries. BOROUGH OF BARNSTAPLE. The issue of a new writ for the borough of Barnstaple was postponed, upon the motion of Mr. W. 0. STANLEY, until the 15th of July next. The house then adjourned at half-past twelve o'clock. THE NEW INDIA BILL. (From the Times.) The new India Bill was introduced last night by Sir Charles Wood, in a speech of extraordinary length, which so far corresponds with the unspeakable impor tance of the subject, and the long period of growing ex pectation since the last renewal of the Charter. Sir Charles takes the easy, inoffensive, and defensible line of maintaining that things are not so,bad as they have been represented. The common picture. of Indian ad ministration is harsh and disagreeable ; so the amiable baronet mellows and tones it down to the softest hues, besides finishing, rounding, and filling up, wherever a touch can be applied with advantage. As we follow his laboured apology for British rule, we are almost com pelled, in spite of ourselves, to believe that India has advanced immensely during the last twenty years ; that the administration of justice, the public works, the tenure of land, the collection of the revenue, and the progress of social improvement have been such as Eng land need not be ashamed Of, and only so far short of theoretical perfection as to leave some opening for mis representation. Certainly, Sir Charles is the man to " make things pleasant " for the great court of public opinion, though it unfortunately happens that his de fence of the Indian Government is generally at the ex pense of the natives themselves, who thus become the single, though important exception, in the picture of Indian improvement. Such is the flattering introduc tion with which Sir Charles paves the way for his mea sure. But its relation to that measure, whether it be meant to disguise its strength, or to palliate its weak ness, we really cannot discover. The measure in one sense is a great one, in another a poor one, and in an other no measure at all. It is proposed to retain the double government. Sir Charles appears to think it an act of no small courage that he has ventured to defy public opinion so far, and apologies are lavished on this part of the plan. But "discretion is the better part of valour," and Sir Charles, in proposing to retain both Boards, takes considerable pains to assimilate the one to the other. Applying the old Indian recipe to secure a wild elephant by means of a tame one, Sir Charles proposes to reduce the elected directors to twelve, and to associate with them six Government nominees. We are encouraged to hope that the mixed body thus formed will both contain a higher amount of Indian talent and experience, and also act more harmoniously with the Board of Control. After the preliminary remark, that no change was to be made in the Government, this sounds like a very great change ; though, on a little reflection, it is evident that the Board of Directors may, if it pleases, retain a large share of its obnoxious identity. What is to hinder the majority of the body from throwing overboard the neutrals and dependents, and retaining only the twelve who are committed to the existing policy of the India house ? In that case the twelve old elephants will soon overpower the six Government cattle, and the measure will so far prove wholly inoperative. But— and here comes the provision which renders the measure no measure at all—the bill is to state no term of years, but to leave the question of Indian Government always open. The sword is always to hang over the Court of Directors, and the Government nominees, though only six against twelve, are to speak with the fate of the twelve in their pockets. They have only to report that they are not listened to or outvoted, and the Minister forthwith comes down to the house with a pro ject for abolishing the court altogether, or reducing it to a mere nominee council. Thus the spirit of Leaden hall-street is to work in chains. A brief respite is given ; one step between power and anni 'illation. Now, is this a measure, or no measure ? In a measure we expect something decisive and durable. Sir Charles Wood only breaks the fall of the India-house, and com pels us involuntarily to look to the abyss towards which it gravitates. People in general will ask rather impa tiently whether it is worth while to spend a month in constructing and passing such an act for the government of a hundred and fifty millions—'n act avowedly expe rimental, temporary, and insufficient. The excuse for a measure of this sort is want of information, an over whelming sense of responsibility, and a confessed in ability for a stronger course. But, when such an excuse is implied, would it not be urged with greater propriety in favour of suspending legislation altogether for another year ? The other provisions of the measure are much more positive, and redeem it from the intermediate and con ditional character it otherwise wears. Sir Charles pro poses to abolish the nominations to Haileybury and to the scientific military appointments, and make them open to examination, leaving the common military ap pointments as they are. This is so important a change as to suggest the question whether it be not a singular practical comment on the previous picture of justice, prosperity, and progress drawn by Sir Charles. If India is so well governed, why change the entire nomi nation of rulers ? We may also ask, "If the Board of Directors is to be retained in any form, why is it not to have its old patronage ?" Others will ask, "What is it without its patronage ?" But when the foundations of the system are once moved it is impossible to stop. Take away the patronage of the directors and you destroy the interesting relations that exist between them and the elderly gentlemen and ladies by whose votes they are returned. Yet Sir Charles leaves the twelve elective Directors to their existing constituency —the holders of India Stock. Among changes on which there cannot be much disagreement Sir Charles proposes to separate the Governor-Generalship from the Government of Bengal, by creating a new Lieutenant-Governor for that presi dency ; he proposes to empower the Supreme Govern ment to create a new presidency for the countries on the Indus, and to remodel and simplify the courts of appeal. The great question, however, is the constitution of the government at home, On that point Sir Charles dis turbs without settling, and recommends a change which he condemns in the very announcement. He fears to lay a sacrilegious hand on the golden image in Leaden hall-street. It is asked—and the question is conclusive —whether this government by two boards, both work ing under the Imperial Legislature, is one that we should have imagined or dreamt of, bad India been now for the first time thrown on our hands. Whatever merits may be discovered or invented for the double government, we may be sure it would not have been thought of. It is only a tradition representing the his tory of the East India Company. Sir Charles proposes to retain it, for a while at least, and till a bolder man comes in his stead, just as the Indian Government has retained the native princes. For puppet kings and rajahs he would give us buckram directors, without pa tronage, without power, without certainty of tenure, simply waiting for the signal of their final destruction. This may do in India, where millions feed on rice, but we more than doubt its adaptation to the mind of this country, or to the actual exigencies of the case. The Cologne Choral Union, consisting of eighty mem bers, give their first concert in England, at the Hanover square Rooms, on Tuesday morning next, commencing at half-past three. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—IMPORTANT SALE OF RICH SILKS, SHAWLS, AND LACE GOODS.—Bankruptcy of Mr. E. Blakely, Shawl Manufacturer to the Queen.--Messrs. Atkinson and Co., Silk and Shawl Warehouses, G 9, 70, 71, 72, 73; 74, and 75, Westminster-bridge-road, Lam beth, beg to inform the ladies of the United Kingdom that they have purchased of the assignees of the estate of Mr. Edward Blakely, shawl manufacturer, silk mercer, and laceman, of Norwich, a bankrupt, the whole of his stock, 'amounting to 9,0711. 16s. 2d., at a large discount off the cost price. It consists of the richest selection of shawls, silks, robes, dresses, mantles, lace goods, &c., to be met with in England ; all in excellent condition, newly manufactured, and is now selling off at reduced prices. FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE of YESTERDAY. WHITEHALL, JUNE 1. The Queen has been pleased to appoint the Right Hon ourable Thomas Berry Cusack Smith, Master of the Rolls of the High Court of Chancery in Ireland ; Sir Cresswell Cresswell, Knight, one of the Justices of the Court of Common Pleas in England ; John Marshall, Esquire, one of the Senators of the College of Justice in Scotland ; George William Wilshere Bramwell, Esquire, one of her Majesty's Counsel ; James Anderson, Esquire, one of her Majesty's Counsel ; Kirkman Daniel Hodgson, Esquire ; Thomas Bazley, Esquire ; and Robert Slater, Esquire, to be her Majesty's Commissioners for inquiring into the expediency of assimilating the Mercantile Laws of the United King dom. THE FRENCH EMPIRE. in is Paris, marching i n upon which it the R w a u s s s i r a e n c armyeive d Turkish f ron ti er ,' an d th a t th e F renc h squ adron has anchored in th e B ay o f B es ik a. i t s el telegraphic i c that dispatchthe In consequence of sonic false news having been lately in cirulation at the Bourse of Marseilles, the Procureur- Imperial, M. Guyho, has sent instructions to the central commissary of police of that city to endeavour in all such cases to discover the source of such rumours, and not to hesitate to at once arrest the author and pub lishers of them. The same course is,to be adopted with respect to any one who should circulate alarming intel ligence, even when believing it to be true. Should the Commissary not be able to discover the parties in ques tion, he is to forward to the Procureur without any delay, such indi ca ti ons as might appear likely to be of use in a judicial investigation. The Tribunal of Correctional Police has condemned a man named Fontaine, alias Breton, to three months' imprisonment, for having, on the 16th May last, made use of seditious expressions in the public streets, in ex claiming, " I am faithful to the red flag ; I will never change my opinion." He at the time wore a long beard, and had on his head a red cap, similar to those worn some time since by the members of certain revo lutionary clubs. When searched at the time of his arrest, there were found in his pocket a file ground so as to form a dagger, and a card of admissicrn to the de mocratic electoral committee, and at his lodgings were found some demagogical pamphlets and songs, 4nd portraits of Robespierre, Barl?es, and other revolutionary personages. . A further decline in the public securities occurred yes terday, combined with considerable inactivity in business —in the Four-and-a-Half per Cents., for cash, to the extent of 40c., and of 10c. in the Three per Cents. For the account, the Three per Cents. fell 35c., and the Four-and-a-Half per Cents. 25f. An improvement' of 10f, took place in Bank of France shares. The final quotations were :—For cash : Three per Cents., 78f. 40c. ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 101 f. 50c. For the account : Three per Cents., 78f. 15c. ; Four-and-a-Half per Cents., 101 f. 50c. ; Bank Stock, 2,690 f. Shares of I the Mortgage Bank declined 20. f., closing at 800f._; and those of the Societ4 Mobiliere 7f., the final quotation being slBf. Railway Securities experienced a still fur ther depreciation, yesterday, a considerable decline having taken place in the shares of most of the principal lines at the termination of business. Paris and Rouen Shares fell 20f. ; and Western of France, Strasbourgs, Paris and Lyons, and Rouen and Havres, 10f. each ; Lyons to the Mediterranean, and Paris and Orleans remained unchanged. Final quotations :—Northern, 881 f. ; Paris and Orleans, 1,060 f. ; Paris and Strasbourg, 895 f. ; Paris and Lyons, 910 f. ; Paris and Rouen, 1,045 f. ; Lyons to the Mediterranean, 760 f. ; Western of France, 735 f. ; Rouen and Havre, 500 f. AMSTERDAM.—Dutch Four per Cents., 941 ; Ditto, Metalliques, 821 ; Ditto, Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 1851-52, 424 ; Ditto, Letter B, 93 11-16 ; Spanish One per Cents., 23R ; Ditto, Three per Cents., 43 1-16 ; Ditto, Certificate, 51 ; French Three per ents., 731 ; Russian, Hope, 921 ' • Ditto, Steiglitz, Four pe; Cents., 911 ; Mexican, 241 ; Granada, 214. Exchange on London, two months, 11 774 ; Ditto, short, 11 85. TURKEY. The dispute between Russia and Turkey is again the chief topic in the original columns of the Paris journals, but generally speaking the articles do not ,possess much interest. The Debats shows some soreness at having been described by the Constitutionnel as a Russian organ. The Assonblee Nationale also appears to be annoyed at the remarks of the Constitutionnel and the other minis terial journals, and attempts to inspire a conviction, as the Debats had done, that if Russia should declare war against Turkey, the French could not rely on the co operation of England. The Pattie Baia :—" Our letters from Constantinople of the 20th state that the attitude assumed by the Go vernment had produced an excellent effect both in the capital and in the provinces, and deputations were every moment arriving, bearing to the Sultan the homage of the respect and devotedness of his subjects. Among these deputations were more particularly those from the Greek population, who, under the difficult circumstances in which Turkey is at present placed, evince a praisewor thy attachment for its Government, the spirit of justice and good faith of which they duly appreciate." A German journal gives the following as the sub stance of the last note transmitted to Constantinople by the Russian Government. The imperial agents are to have the right of preventing Greek subjects from being oppressed ; the Patriarchs and Bishops are not to be re moved without substantial reasons ; all desire of inter fering in the internal arrangement of Turkey is dis claimed ; and a refusal to accede to these demands will be looked upon as a want of respect to the person of the Emperor. Accounts from Malta, of the 27th ult., state that the English squadron has been reinforced by two more sail of the line. SWITZERLAND. BERNE, MAY 31. M. de Buol has notified to the Swiss Chargé d'Affaires at Vienna, that the recal of M. de Karnicki has not the signification of an international rupture, and that if Switzerland desires such a rupture, she must bear its consequences. In consequence of this information the Swiss Envoy, who had been recalled by his Govern ment, has applied for fresh instructions, and the Federal Council, in reply to this application, has instructed him to remain at his post, and to continue his diplomatic re lations. WHITEHALL, JUNE 2. The Queen has been pleased to present the Reverend William Shaw, M.A. (now Second Minister), to be First Minister of the united churches and parishes of Ayr and Alloway, in the presbytery and shire of Ayr, vacant by the death of Doctor James Auld. FOREIGN-OFFICE, JUNE 2. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Don Antonio Estefani di Castro as Consul at Gibraltar, Don Antonio di Llano as Consul at Tzinidad, and Don Giovanni del Can tillo e Jovellano as Consul at Jamaica, for his Royal High ness the Duke of Parma. MOWN OFFICE, JUNE 1. MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THIS PRESENT PARLIA- MENT. Borough of Clitheroe—John Thomas Walshman Aspinall, of Standen-hall, in the county palatine of Lancaster, Esq., in the room , of Matthew Wilson, Esq., whose election for the said borough has been declared void. WAR-OFFICE, JUNE 3. Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Major -General the Honourable Henry F. Compton Cavendish to be Colonel, vice General Sir Thomas Gage Montresor, 8.C., deceased, June 2. WAR-OFFICE, Jun 3. Ist Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Captain George Briggs to be Major, by purchase, vice Peach Peach, who retires ; Lieutenant Georg e John Bridgo to be Captain, by purchase, vice Briggs ; Cornet Evelyn Harper Crewe to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Bridge, June 3. sth Dragoon Guards Assistant Surgeon O'Connor D'Arcey, M.D., from the 3d Light Dragoons, to be Assis tant Surgeon, vice Wyatt, appointed to the Coldstream Guards, June 3. 11th Light Dragoons—Surgeon John Burton St. Croix Crosse, from the 31st Foot, to be Surgeon, vice Mure, ap pointed to the 15th Light Dragoons, June 3. 15th Light Dragoons—Surgeon John Mure, M.D., from the 11th Light Dragoons, to be Surgeon, vice Mar s hall, appointed to the 31st Foot, June 3. Ist Regiment of Foot—Ensign Rupert George Brady to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice H. F. Jones, who retires, June 3. sth Foot—First Lieutenant John Swaine Hogge, to be Captain, without purchase, vice Bievet-Major Wm. New house, who retires upon full pay ; Second Lieutenant Legh Richmond Parry, to be First Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Hogg() ; Gentleman Cadet Frederick James Mylins, from tho Royal Military College, to be Second Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Parry, June 3. 15th Foot—Ensign Charles Jeffereys Watson Allen, to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Turner, promoted ; Lieu tenant John Walmsley, to be Adjutant, vice Turner, pro moted, June 3. _ _ 31st Foot—Surgeon John Marshall, from 15th Light Dragoons, to be Surgeon, vice Crosse, appointed to 11th Light Dragoons, Juno 3. 33d Foot—Ensign John Thornton Rogers, from 81st Foot, to be Ensign, vice Davies, who retires, June 3. 42nd Foot—Gentleman Cadet Herbert Henry Moseley, from Royal Military College, to be Ensign, without pur chase, vice Ward, promoted, June 3. 52d Foot—Lieutenant-Colonel Robert George Hughes, from 80th Foot, to be Lieutenant-Colonel, vice Cecil William Forester, who retires upon half-pay, 80th Foot ; Lieutenant Francis William Fellows, from 96th Foot, to be Paymaster, vice Francis Dickson, who retires upon half-pay, June 3. 53rd Foot—Captain William Bagenall, from Ceylon Rifle Regiment, to be Captain, vice Hunt, who exchanges, June 3. 56th Foot—Ensign John Martley to be Lieutenant, by Purchase, vice Go' dden, who retires, June 3. 63rd Foot—Major the Honourable Robert Alexander George Dalzell, from 81st Foot, to be Major, vice Allan, who exchanges, June 3. 67th - Foot—Ensign Charles William Pearson to be Lieu tenant, by purchase, vice Webber, who retires, June 3. 69th Foot—Lieutenant George Ernest Bulger, from half pay, Royal Canadian Rifle Regim en t, t o b e Li eutenant, 7iCt3 William Tracey, who exchanges, June 3. 73M Foot—Assistant-Surgeon Charles Walter Poulton, cease from d, tho Staft', to be Assistant-S urgeon, vice Young, &- Juno 3. 81st Foot—Major A. T. Allan, from 63rd Foot, to be Major, vice the Honourable R. A. G. Dalzell, who ex changes, June 3 ; Ensign John Trent to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Currie, who retires, June 3. 90th Foot—Ensign Henry Flower Every to be Lieu tenant, by purchase, vice Thursby, who retires June 3. 3rd West India Regiment—Joh David Blythe, Esq., formerly Captain in 89th Foot, to be Paymaster, vice Hills, who was permitted to retire from the Army on 25th February last, as a Lieutenant of the Ist West India Regiment, June 3. Ceylon Rifle Re giment —Captain Robert Hunt, from 53d foot, to be Captain, vice Bagenall, who exehanges, June 3. ----.- BREVET.—Major Walter Douglas Phillipps Patton, of 74th Foot, to bo Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army, May 28. STAFF.—John Mackenzie Kennedy, Esq.; Paymaster of the 18th Foot, to be Paymaster of a Recruiting District, vice Hood, deceased, June 1. HOSPITAL STAFF.—John Matthew Biddle, Gent., to be Assistant-Surgeon to the Forces, vice Poulton, appointed to the 73d foot, June 3. MEMORANDUM.—The name of the Captain on retirel full-pay of the 58th Foot, is Adam von Beverhoudt. The following gentlemen, who were disimissed from the service by the sentence of a general court martial in August, 1851, have been reinstated in their former rank in the army, and placed upon half-pay, without the ad msssion of any claim to back pay, viz. :—John Henry Edward de Robeck, Esq., late Captain 4th Foot ; Henry Batson RaMsbottoni, Gent., late Lieutenant 4th Foot ; George Frederick Corytdn, Gent., late Lieutenant 4th Foot, June 3. ADMIRALTY, MAY 28. The following promotions have this day taken place, consequent on the death, on the 27th instant, of Vice-Ad miral of the Red Sir Francis Mason, K.C.B. ; Vice-Ad miral of the White John Ayscough to be Vice-Admiral of the Red ; Vice-Admiral of the Blue Sir Edward Tucker, K.C.8., to be Vice-Admiral of the White; Rear-Admiral of the Red Sir Charles Napier, K.C.B„ to be Vice-Admi ral of the Blue; Rear-Admiral of the White Sir Joshua Ricketts Rowley, Bart., to be Rear-Admiral of the Red; Rear- Admiral of the Blue Sir John Hill, Kt., to be Rear- Admiral of the White; Captain James Ryder Burton, K.H., to be Rear-Admiral on the Reserved Half Pay List ; Captain William Fanshawe Martin to be Rear-Admiral of the Blue ; Retired Captain, William Henry Smyth and Richard Samnarez to be retired Rear-Admirals, on, the terms proposed in the London Ga:ette of Ist September, 1840, without increase of pay. COMMISSION SIGNED BY HER MAJESTY. sth or Royal Elthorne Regiment of Middlesex Militia — Richard Port, Gent., to be Adjutant, May 17. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORD-LIEUTENANTS. 2d or Edmonton Royal Rifle Regiment of Middlesex Mi litia—Algernon Ed war d West, Gent to be First-Lieute nant, April 18 ; J ervo i se Smith, Gent., to be First-Lieu tenant, May 28. 3d Regiment of the Duke of Lancaster's Own Militia — Thomas Arthur Brandt, Gent., to be Surgeon, June 1. The Queen's Own Worcestershire Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—Lieutenant William Francis Taylor to be Cap tain, vice Taylor, deceased ; Ferdinand o Dudley Lea Smith, Gent., t o b e Lieutenant, vice Tayl or , p romo t e d , May 24. BANKRUPTS. Charles Parkinson James Laing, merchant, London, to surrender, Juno 9 a t k a lf- past eleven, and July 7 at One at the Court of B an k rup t cy. J ohnson, official assignee, ' Basinghall-street ; Laurance, Plows, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers. William Long, licensed victualler, Philip-street, Back Church-lane, St. George's-in -the-East, June 11, at one, and July 23, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Pennell, official assignee, Guildhall-chambers, Basinghall-street ; Braddon, Gray's-inn-place, Gray's-inn. John Johnson, East India merchant, Great Winchester street, June 13, and July 13, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfield, official assignee, Basinghall street ; Druce, Billiter-square. George Handson Julian, coal dealer, Exeter, June 14, at eleven, and July 7, at one, at the Exeter District Court. Hirtzel, official assignee, Exeter ; Hooper, Exeter. Edward Ridley, tailor, Liverpool, June 21 and July 11, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Morgan, offi cial assignee, Liverpool ; Evans and Son, Liverpool. Henry Warland, builder, Commercial-place, City-road, June 11, at twelve, and July 23, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Cox and Taylor, Pinner's-hall, Old Broad-street. Allan Stewart Hay, shipowner, Old Broad-street, June 14, at one, and July 21, at twelve, at the of Court of Bank ruptcy. Johnson, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Taylor and Collisson, Great James-street. John Todd, distiller, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, June 15, at eleven, and July 20, at one, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. Wakley, official assignee, Newcastle-upon - Tyne ; Hoyle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Hill and Matthews, London. DIVIDENDS. At the Court, Basinghall-street. W. Underwood, High-street, Southwark, grocer, June 25, at twelve—F. A. Butt, Henry-street, Pentonville, gro cer and cheesemonger, June 24, at hali-past one—E. Plum mer, Diss, Norfolk, butcher, June 21, at half-past one—T. B. Miller and W. Miller, Henstridge Villas, St. John's wood, builders, June 24, at one—J. F. Mason, Dover, draper, June 28, at one. In the Country. E. White, Birmingham, cut nail manufacturer, June 27, at half-past ten, at the Court, Birmingham—Jchn Johnson, Wakefield, cabinet maker, July 4, at half-past eleven, at the Court, Leeds—Jane Walker, Halifax, York shire, linendraper, June 24, at eleven, at the Court, Leeds —J. Mitchell, Horton, Bradford, Yorkshire, worsted spin ner, June 24, at eleven, at the Court, Leeds—P. Thornton, Preston, plumber, June 24, at twelve, at the Court, Man ch ester. PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS. F. Castelli, Bury-court, merchant, 91d., on Saturday next and the three subsequent Saturdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Groom, Abchurch-lace. J. Labron, Leeds, cloth-merchant, BAd., any day except Saturday, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds. W. Ness and Co., Leeds, tar and naptha distillers, 205., and on the separate estate of W. Ness, 175., on any Thurs day, between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. -Whit more, Birmingham. T. Fowkes, Redditch, Worcestershire, innkeeper and corn-dealer, 25., on any Thursday, between eleven and three at the office of Mr. Whitmore, Birmingham. R. H. Bell and E. Bell, South Shields, paper-manufac turers, is. 9d., on Saturday, June 4, or any following Sa turday, between ten and three, at the office of Mr.Waklev, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. I BANK OF ENGLAND. An Account pursuant to the Act 7th and Sth Victoria, cap 32, fo the Week ending on Saturday the 28th day of May, 1853. ISSUE DEPARTMENT. • £ £ Notes issued ...... 31,453,890 Government debt.... 11,015,100 Other securities...... 2,984,900 Gold coin and bullion 17,434,736 Silver bu11i0n........ 19,154 £31,453,890 £31,453,890 E. IifARSUALL, Chief Cashier. Dated the 2d day of Juno, 185; BANKING DI URTMENT. Proprietors' capital .. 14,553,000 Rest .......... 3,110,204 Public deposits Lin eluding Exchequer, Commissioners of National Debt, Sav ing's Banks, and _ _ Government securities (includg.Dead Weight Annuity) .. .... 13,124,653 Other securities...... 14,021,714 Notes 8,871,860 Gold and silver coin.. 490,657 Dividend Accounts) 5,606,412 Other deposits 11,935,583 Seven Day and other Bills . £36,508,884 X 36,508,884 :. MARSHALL, Chief Cashier. Dated the 2d day of June, 12537 PRICE OF SUGAR. The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, computed from the returns made in the week ending the 31st day of May, 18.53, is 255. 30. per hundred weight, exclusive of the duties of Customs paid or payable thereon on the im- portation thereof into Great Britain. COUNTRY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL—JUNE 3. At the market to-day the general demand was good, and wheat readily brought the full prices of Tuesday, and in partial instances Id per bushel advance ; whilst prime brands of American flour improved 6d to 9d per barrel. There was no alteration in the value of any other article. WAKEFIELD-JUNE 3. The supply of wheat this week is to a moderate extent, but of other grain short. Wheat is per qr. dearer, and a fair business done. Fresh parcels not plentiful, and soon cleared off. Barley nominal. In beans, oats, and shelling not much alteration. EXETER-JUNE 3. CORN EXCHANGE.—For prime samples of wheat 5s Od to Gs Od ; inferior, Os Od to Os Od ; barley, Os Od to Os Od ; grinding, Os; oats, 2s 8d to 2s 9d per bushel. Flour—fine, 35s to 36s ; seconds, 33s to 34s per sack. CATTLE MARKET.—Prime beef, lOs Od to 00s per score; 2d quality, Os to Os Od ; cows and calves, 91 9s to 12/ Os; steers, 0/ to 0l; butchers' calves, 5d to 53d per lb; sheep, prime wethers, Gd to Gad; ewes, Gd to 00d; store hogs, 30s to 35s each. BRISTOL SUGAR-JUNE 3. We have to report a much more active market. Large sales of Barbadoes and Trinidad at steady rates, and Nevis have also been dealt in to a considerable extent. In the refined market there is a good business doing, and recent values have been well supported. The rum trade dull, and prices are about the same. COAL MARKET—Jun 3. Prices of Coal per ton at the close of the market : s. d. , e. d. Bate's West Hart1ey......15 6 Gosforth 15 0 Burnhope l3 9 Heaton l5 0 Carr's Hartley l5 6 fiedley 15 0 Chester Main 14 9'Eden Main 16 0 Davison's 'West Hartley 15 61M' 15 a ..,_ _ _ Hasting's Hartley 15 6Hetton l7 0 Longridge's Wst Hartleyls 6,Larubton l6 9 North Percy Hartley ...15 6 Russell's Hetton 16 6 Tanfield Moor l5 0 Stewart's 17 0 Walker Primrose .........15 9'Cassop ,16 3 Wallsend, Sce. ISouth Kelloe 16 0 Acorn Close 15 6,South Durham l5 Ships at hiarket......223 I Sold ......... .. 84. COURSE OF EXCHANGE—YESTERDAY. Am5terdam............ 11 17% Gibraltar .............. ..._ Ditto, three months .. 11 19 Leghorn ........ ~.... 30 .• .. 11 1914 Genoa .......... • • .... ',..'. Rotterdam . 25 30 Milan . 40 ........... .... Brussels ............. 11amburgh ............ 13 8% Naples ...... .......... 41% Altena •• •••••••• •• • • • • Palermo .. .. ... •• • • ... 125 Paris .. .. .. .. .. •••• _ .. 25 7 % Ylessina .. .. .. .••• • • . • 125 Ditto, three months ••25 30 Lisbon .. .• .. .. .••• .. .. 53% Marseilles. ... .. •• •••• .. 25 32% Oporto ......• •• • ..... 53% \ Bourdeaux .......... • • Rto Janeiro ...... .... • • 27k BFrankfort -on-Maine ...• 120% Buenos A yres .......... —IA erlin ............... • New York, 60 days' sight Vienna ............... I 1 Philadelphia .. •••• •• Trieste ....•• •• •• .• .. •• 11 2 PRICES op BULLION, PLR OZ. Petersburgh........ • • . • Mad 37 % Foreign Gold in B ars £ 3 17 9 Cadiz rid .... •....... .... 50 % Portugal Gold C o i n .. 00 0 8arce10na.......'.. ... ...• • • 014 Mexh•an Dollars .. ••0 4 11 kt m • •••... .. .. iilvt:r in barso 5 1 LADVBETIBEMENT 1— The Earl of Aldborough and Holloway' s Pills.—.An astounding cure by this miracu lous medicine after beery other means had failed.—See extract from his lordship's letter, dated " Villa. Messina, Leghorn, Feb. 21, 1845. To Professor Holloway. Sir,—l beg to acquaint you that your pills have effected a cure of the disorder in my liver and stomach which all the most eminent of the faculty at home,'and all over the Continent, had not been able to effect—nay, not even the waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad. (Signed) Amsonomm."—These wonderful pills will cure any disorders of the liver or stomach. , Sold (also Holloway's ointment) at Profess or Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand, London, and by all medicine vendors through. out the world. _ ~~