The Sun. — London, England, 1832-01-11 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. Our correspondent, " 0. P. Q." has, in the Chronicle of this day, a second letter on the diitv of liberal Governments towards each other, and the utility of an alliance between Great Britain and France. We are quite sensible of the crest benefit Europe would derive from the universal establishment of Governments founded on popular principles. Were Europe one great fraternity of constitutional Governments, the supposed interests of the people would be the principle of action of those who conducted their affairs. It is for the interest of nations that they should be at peace with each other—they are interested in the prosperity of each other, — for the improvement of one extends to the other; and what injures one is felt in the others. Were Europe under Governments ac countable to the people, there could be no motive for conquests, no desire for extension of territory, because the confidence and security arising out of the conviction that nations are in terested in the prosperity of each other, would put an end to the desire for the extension of territory, which, except as an additional se curity, is unintelligible. A certain extent of territory is requisite for good government, be cause justice can hardly be well adminis tered without tribunals of the last resort, free from the partialities unavoidable in narrow societies, and certain expences which must be borne by all Governments, are more felt in a very small country than in one of mo derate extent. But it may be questioned whe ther an extent of territory beyond that of the British Islands, be not a disadvantage instead of an advantage. The people, therefore, have an interest in preventing an unnecessary extension of territory, which can only have the effect of depriving them of the share of Government to which they are entitled. But it is otherwise with absolute and aristocratical Governments. The greater the extent of territory, and the more numerous the human cattle on it, the greater the resources of the Monarch, the greater the pillage for the Aristocrats. Hence, absolute and aristocratical Governments have an interest in conquests, which, though injurious to the people individually, place additional resources at their disposal. The moment you make Govern ment a property, the greater the property, the more attractive it is to those who wield it. It is the interest of all constitutional Govet nments to have an end put to absolute and aristocratical Governments, between which and themselves there must be natural opposition and jealousy. But our correspondent, " 0. P. Q.," observes, " What a cruel, cutting libel on the Govern ments of France and of Great Britain, or rather on the conduct of all constitutional Govern ments, is the harmony which subsists between despotic Governments, and how they labour, and conspire, and concede, in order to adapt their policy to each other's views and systems, the leading principles of these systems being, the happiness of the units, and the misery and igno rance and slavery of the millions." The ' cause of the superior harmony we take to be one of not difficult discovery. Each of the absolute Governments feels a much stronger interest in the maintenance of its large property, than e a ch i n di v id ua l o f a na ti on f ee l s i n th e af fairs of that nation. Absolute and aristocratical Governments, too, are in the greatest danger. 'I he people never die, and intelligence and a de sire of good Government once diffused, cannot be extinguished. But six or seven Sovereigns may, at a (lay's warning, be dismissed from their thrones, to hold their Carnival at Venice ; and their property may thus melt away in a moment. Having all a deep interest in opposing the ex tension of popular Governments, their number enables them to plot and combine in secresy. All the proceedings of popular Governments are necessarily open and patent, and they can enter tain no design which is not known ; but, in ab solute Governments, the designs can only be inierred from the nature of the preparations, or from conjectures as to the prevailing interest. If ail the nations of Europe were equally disposed to throw oft' absolute Governments, and equally prepared to adopt constitutional Governments, it might be the wisest policy in nations like France and England to make one great effort, in the spirit of the French Convention, to assist those languishing_ under oppressi on , an d s i g hi ng to escape from it. But this is a part of great difficulty and nicety. We must be sure that the people really wish to change the Government ; and how can we know this, but through a de monstration of the people themselves ? To in vade a country to liberate its inhabitants, may be doing violence to their inclinations. The Spaniards, for instance, would not thank you for such an interference, neither would the Portu guese, neither would the greater portion of the natives of Europe. Hence the difficulty of any union of free Governments for the diffusion of liberty. We disapprove as much as " 0. P. Q." can do of the paltry attempts to settle Belgium and Holland, and only tolerate them because a general war would be a (Treater evil than a bad settle ment of Belgium. As to any union offensive and defensive with France, or any other Power, we protest, and shall always protest, against it. We wish well to the French, but it would only be deceiving them to allow it to be believed that England can engage in hostilities in Europe for any thing short of her own independence. The French and English are quite differently circum stanced. To the French, the state of the neigh bouring countries and the dispositions of the Go vernments are of immense importance. To the English, the state of the Continent is of very little consequence. The insular situation of Britain, and the number of her brave and robust inhabitants, secure her from attack. She cannot be touched. All her difficulties at present result from the folly of former Governments, in having' departed from her true policy. Our policy is much like that of the United States of Ame rica—good wishes for the improvement of the human race, friendly efforts to preserve or renew a good understanding among nations ; but a po sitive abstinence from all interference in their quarrels. We have always protested against the doctrine, that time people of England were bound to fight the battles of nations struggling for liberty. The French best know their own re sources, and having the whole responsibility of the contest, they will act with more prudence than if allied with a nation like this, very differ ently circumstanced with regard to responsibility. We might add to our burthens till we sunk under them, without being able to save France. Let, therefore, the French at once free them selves from all delusion on this head. England, if necessary, will fight,for herself,—but for her self alone. Time nations of the Continent must do the best they can for themselves. Our fight ing (lays are over. Would that we had never troubled ourselves with the Continent.—Morn ing Chronicle. Every (lay supplies us with fresh instances of, insolent and unwarrantable attacks on Ministers by Tory Magistrates in the Commission of the Peace, and filling Recorderships, &c., in corpo rate towns. At the Hull Quarter Sessions, on Thursday last, the charges, though numerous, being of a trifling character, and unfit to occupy the enlarged mind of Cresswell Cresswell, the Recorder, the Learned Gentleman deemed the opportunity fitting for reading a lecture to his Majesty's Ministers, charging them with the encouragement of sedition and outrage through out the country, and with having caused the riots at Bristol. After describing the riots in question, the Learned Gentleman proceeds to state what he conceives to have been the origin of these disastrous scenes, and then modestly observes—. " In the political strife which I have briefly described, they who advocate popular measures have endeavoured to obtain the support of the populace : and, in order to se ' cure it, have described their opponents as the enemies and oppressors of those whose assistance they invoked.— A philosophical historian thus describes the proceed. ings of a similar party in a former age Obliged to court the favour of the p.pulace, they found it necessary to comply with their rage and folly ; and, on many occasions, by propagating calumnies, and by promoting violence, served to infatuate as well as corrupt that people, to whom they made a tender of liberty and justice.' I mean not to apply the harsher words of this passage to those who now exer cise the powers of Government in this country, and their political friends and partisans; but I feel a strong convic tion, that by impeaching the motives of their political op ponents, instead of exposing the fallacy of their arguments —by representing them as enemies to liberty, because they maintain that the regard to it ought to be subordinate to a reverence for established Government ; by encouraging the populace to demand as a right that change in the Con stitution, which they ought rather to have petitioned for as a boon—by instilling into them the idea that their num bers and strength would, with perseverance, enable them to procure the concession of all their demands _they ex cited dangerous delusions among the populace, and exposed them to the machinations of evil-disposed, designing men. But for these delusions, the agitators of Bristol could never have stirred up that spirit of insurrection against the law, and those who administered it, which led to the fatal riots in that city. But for these delusions, the people would never have been seduced into those illegal associations (formed doubtless for the purpose of displaying their phy sical strength), which have twice called forth the animad version of the King himself—once in a proclamation spe cially directed against them, and again in his address to the assembled Parliament of the United Kingdom. And will not similar seed produce a similar harvest in other places ?" But critical times are fast approaching, when the nation may again be exposed to all the dangers of agitation. Aware of the effect which great and venerable men have produced in former times— Magnus in populo cum sispe co orta est Seditio, srevitque animis ignobile vulgus ; Jamque faces et Saxa volant, furor arma ministrat Turn, pietate gravem ac mentissi forte limn quern Conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus astant ; Ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet." M r.O resswell Cresswell evidently considers that he is the man destined to play the part so elo quently described by the Roman poet. " Times of agitation," he says, " may return, and stormy discussions may be resumed. Would that I had influence enough to persuade you, on such oc casions, to discard all inflammatory topics !" Would that I had influence ! Does Mr. Cress we :1 Cresswell doubt his influence ? He knows, of course, that the partisans of both sides will be awed by his admonitions ; but he knows also how much greatness is set off by modesty. Mr. Cresswell Cresswell is the man to save us. But we detain our readers from his healing advice : " Are you animated by a sincere and ardent love of liberty ? Indulge it freely; but remember always, that while liberty is the perfection of civil society, obedience to the laws is essential to its very existence. Does your re verence for established government make you enemies to change ? Remember that the noblest end of all government is to secure in the greatest perfection the enjoyment of civil society ; and that, in order to attain that end, as much liberty should be granted as is compatible with the preser vation of peace and good order in the land. Thus, I trust, fierce contention and opposition may be succeeded by a spirit of mutual concession and assistance; so that, should times of wild excitement return, and the madness of the people rage against their superiors in station, all heads may be ready to unite in devising and all bands in exe cuting such measures as may be necessary for the preser vation of the persons and property of the peaceable inha bitants," &c. What a pity that Ministers and the people had not the benefit of Mr. Cresswell Cresswell's advice, before the late times of excitement ! Had Ministers, instead of impeaching the motives of the boroughmongers, told the people that the boroughmongers were the most disinterested men alive ; that they paid large sums forrotten bo roughs, merely to benefit the people, by the choice for them of wise and virtuous men to represent them virtually in Parliament; and that they were sure nothing would gratify the boroughmongers more than to make such changes in the Consti tution as the people might petition for as a boon, to use the language of Mr. Creswell Creswell ; the people might, in that case, have remained quiet as lambs, and the Reform Bill passed into an Act of Parliament, would have dropped into their mouths. But when Ministers chose to im pute to the boroughmongers a wish to possess boroughs for the sake of pocketing, through them, the proceeds of the taxes, their honour was impeached, and what they would have sur rendered as a boon, they could not, of course, surrender on compulsion. It was the more un pardonable in Ministers to mislead the people, and to sow distrust in them as to the efficacy of petitions for boons from the boroughmongers, as they had seen so many pregnant instances in the case of East Retford, &c., of the readiness of the boroughmongers to yield to petitions of the people. Liberty, as Mr. Creswell Creswell says, is a fine thing ; but then it is a liberty only to suffer, not to act. When it pleases the boroughmongering Lords to vote in favour of the Reform Bill, of their own free will, and not influenced by any external dictation or intimi dation, then the liberty of the people should teach them to remain passive. Mr. Creswell Creswell would have told Ministers, too, that the liberties possessed by the English people all came of themselves without effort—that none of them were extorted—and that agitation and excite ment, in all times, have only served to restrain men in possession of power, from giving effect to their benevolent intentions to those under them. Obe dience to power at all times, and on all occa sions, makes superiors moderate and mild, and inferiors prosperous and happy. All Magistrates are not gifted with the wisdom and talents of Mr. Cresswell Cresswell ; but nine-tenths of them throughout the country are equally dis posed to favour them with their censure.— Morning Chronicle. The partial and oppressive conduct of the Prussian Government towards the Poles, during their heroic struggle for their national rights with the vast empire of Russia, we did not allow to pass unexposed at a time when some of our Liberal Papers were anxious to make the policy of Prussia appear not only fair, but kind and even amiable, in the eyes of the people of Eng land. The fact is that Prussia, whose Monarch and whose Ministers have, in all questions of foreign politics—disguis e it as they may—a secret understanding and a malignant sympathy with the councils of the Northern Barbarian, was a most efficient auxiliary to that ruthless despot in the subjugation of Poland. As we said be fore, Prussia did every thing but take the field in her hostility to the Poles, and her services- to. I he Russian armies ;—she furnished the latter !with arms, provisions, and munitions of war, when they must have been compelled to evacuate the Polish territories but for those .seasonable supplies ; she stopped anus and money passing through her territories for Warsaw ; travellers, with passports from France and England, were stopped, and their passports treated with con tempt ; and even medical men, who were re pairing, at the call of humanity, to endeavour to arrest the ravages of the cholera in the Polish metropolis, were vexatiously interrupted and delayed, and sometimes prevented from pro ceeding altogether, by the Prussian authorities. We published at the time the case of a British merchant, who had sent out some packages of iron tubes, which were seized at Berlin, on a suspi cion of being intended for gun-barrels ; and Lord Palmerston excused himself for declining to protect the property of a British merchant against such outrages, on the ground that he had a house of business in Warsaw—as if a British ' born -subject, who can never divest himself of his allegiance to the King of England, is not always, and wherever he happens to reside, or transact business for the time, entitled to the protection of the British Crown Since the termination of the Polish conflict, the same spirit of cruel, unrelenting hostility to the Poles, which animated her during its continuance, in spires her conduct still. One would have thought that if the courage of the Poles had failed to excite her admiration, at least the total ruin of their cause would have enabled her to afford the appearance of commisseration for her misfor- tunes—but not so. While the Russian Empe ror acts upon the inverted principle of that mock -amnesty which makes vengeance the gene ral rule, and mercy the exception—while the iron hand of his tyranny crushes the Polish patriots by military execution, or drags them in chains to the degrading, hopeless exile of the mines of Siberia—the Government of the Prussian despot shows itself no less zealous in persecuting the Polish warriors that had crossed her frontiers, and laid down their arms, with the vain hope of finding something of that pro tecting hospitality which savages do not deny to the victims of misfortune. A statement has been given in the Standard—a Paper which cannot be suspected of any undue sympathy for even Polish revolutionists, or of any wilful exaggera tion of the vices and crimes of " legitimate" Governments—which contains a truly distressing and heart-rending picture of the atrocious tyranny which the Prussian authorities have ex ercised towards the unarmed Polish soldiers, and the dreadful state of suffering and destitution to which brave men have been reduced. We give the statement as we find it. Such outrageous acts of despotism cannot be extensively known without producing a generous re-action in favour of its devoted victims : " When Rybinski entered Poland (Query—Prussia?), after the defeat of the Poles at Warsaw, he was at the head of 22,000 men. Many hundreds of these, having private means and resources, proceeded at once to France, Belgium, or different States in Germany. Others, with out means, entered into the service of the Prussians as domestics, labourers in the fields, and other menial offices. Others were sent on at the expense of the French Com mittee in Paris, and out of the subscriptions raised for the Poles in Germany, to France, or to Saxony, Bavaria, &c. ; and, finally, there remained about 15,000 out of the 22,000 who were compelled to continue i❑ Prussia, or return to Poland, being without any resources, and the sums raised by subscriptions being wholly insufficient to maintain them. " The Prussian Government, instead of assisting them with money for their travelling expenses to France, or to other snore contiguous States, where th,y would have been received with hospitality, ordered them to return to Po land, and threatened to attack them with superior forces, and drive them back to that country, unless without de lay they voluntarily retreated from the Prussian dominions. The Poles said, Give us only the means of proceeding to the frontiers of France or Belgium, and we will immedi ately leave; but we cannot do so without either bread, or clothes, or money.' The Prussian Government refused to listen to these explanations ; and having detached a portion of the 15,000 from the rest, the Prussian soldiers drove back, at the point of the bayonet, upwards of 2,000 Poles to th e f ron ti ers , w h ere a Russian General had been appointed to receive them, arid where they were allowed to enter Poland, without any promises of mercy or for givenet,s. " There then remained 12,400 soldiers, and 740 offi cers, at Elbing and the environs, who refused to obey the ' instructions of the Prussian Government to return to Po land, and declared they would die from hunger in prefe rence to submitting to Russia. " The Prussian Government then ordered two regiments to compel their retreat by force—and the Poles were as sembled and ordered to retire. They again asked for means to convey them to the French or Belgian frontiers ; but these means were again refused. The Prussian General then ordered the soldiers older his command to charge the Poles, who of course are unarmed, at the point of the bayonet ; but the Poles refused to move, and the charge was fruitless. He then threatened to fire upon them ; but the Poles remained firm on the spot, and said Fire ! we will not fly from your balls or your muskets, and we will not return to slavery—we prefer death.' The Prussian General then proceeded to no further extremities, but sent off to Berlin for further orders. The brave General Bern undertook to proceed immediately to Paris, to endeavour to raise the necessary funds to enable these gallant Poles to leave Elbing for France or Belgium, or the smaller Ger man States. He thinks that 40,0001. will be sufficient fur this purpose ; but he most distinctly states, that unless the most prompt relief be immediately administered by the French Government, or by the Polish Committees in France, England, and Germany, the 12,400 soldiers, and 740 officers, will perish from want of food and raiment. "'The. Polish Committee at Dresden has sent off a sum of money to enable these unfortunate men to purchase bread for the moment; but this will not suffice for many days. The Polish Committee at Paris has had two extra ordinsry meetings, and it is hoped that General Bern will set out in two or three days with, if nut 40,0001. at least with a large portion of it, which may enable him to delay the vengeance of the Prussian Government to drive back, at the point of the bayonet, nearly 13,000 Polish soldiers and officers, to a country where they would at once be rn ide slaves, or sent to Siberia and the Russian colonies." We believe there is no Polish Committee at present existing in this country, but the British public ought not therefore to allow the generosity of Frenchmen and Germans to have all the honour of succouring in this their great extremity the brave and persecuted men, whose crime, which the despots can never forgive, was an ardent at tachment to country— an exaltation of public virtue which history shall record amon ,, the glorious exampl es w hi c h i nsp i re men with great reat sentiments, and raise the character of human na ture The patriots of Saxony are for warding their subscriptions. Shall the descendants of Saxons neglect the clanns of the perishing brave ? It would be easy to transmit to the Polish Committee in Parts any subscriptions collected here ; but if any thing is done in that way it should be done quickly, lest the work of persecution may be consummated before the suc cour arrives.—Morning Herald. The report of a Committee which sat last session to inquire into the policy o f authorizing or ordering molasses to be employ e d i n b rewer i es and distilleries, as a partial or universal substi tute for malt or corn, has been printed by order of the House of Commons. The labours which it describes, and the evidence which it embodies, are of less consequence as the Committee pro posed no a lteration in the existing laws, and con cluded by recommending a continuance of the old system. As no investigation into the means of promoting the general welfare takes place in this country without . a cry of c omp l a i nt from some partial int e rest, the inquiry in ( luetion originated with the West India planters, who, threatened with ruin, were anxious to obtain a greater de mand, and of course a higher price for the produce of their estates. It thus necessa rily embraced the antagonist views and clash ing pretensions of the sugar-grower and the corn. grower,—of the West Indian planter and the British agriculturist : involving, besides, in the consequences of the proposed change, the interests of the brewer and the dis- tiller,—of the public revenue and the national consumer. The toughest part of the battle lay between the growers of corn and its manufacturers into beer and spirits on the one hand, and the West Indians on the other. The consumer was neither represented on the Committee nor heard in evidence, though some of the brewers and dis tillers adroitly clothed themselves with his autho rity and fought under his vizor. The poor West Indians were again driven to the wall, notwith standing their attempt to excite pity by their ac cents of woe, as they had against them not only the agricultural landrvehr, but the brewer, the distiller, the consumer, and the exciseman,—all of whom declared, or had it declared in their name, that they would be injured if not ruined, by the admission of a flood of molasses. If we have room on a subsequent day to give the re port, we may prove that the agricultural people ought not to have mixed in the question.—Times. BRISTOL SPECIAL COMMISSION. BRISTOL, TUESDAY, JA .v. 10. ,-- - - James Ives was indicted for stealing from the Rev. Charles Buck 'a gold watch. Mr. Buck's house was burnt and destroyed in Queen-square. This case possessed considerable interest from the hitherto good character the prisoner has held. He is a person of some property, and has filled a respon sible situation irreproachably for many years. Rev. Charles Buck, the Rector of St. Stephen's, swore to having seen the watch on the person of his wife a few days previous to the riot. Several witnesses were called for the prisoner's character, but did not answer.—Verdict, Guilty of larceny. The same prisoner was again put to the bar, charged with stealing from the Custom-house a silver salver, the property of the Mayor, on the 31st of October last. The prisoner made no defence, but called one witness to character, Mr. John Gardiner, who spoke as to his general character previous to this event. The CHIEF JUSTICE having summed up the evidence, the Jury after a short deliberation, found the prisoner Guilty of stealing, but not in a dwelling house. The CHIEF JUSTICE observed upon the guilt of the prisoner in both the cases in which he had been convicted, and sentenced him to a separate period of seven years' transportation for each offence. The prisoner retired from the bar with great alacrity, and appeared to congratulate himself on the mildness of his punishment. Thomas Lane, a lad about 16, was indicted for stealing, on the 30th of October, a brass chandelier suspender, valued at 1/. sterling—and the property, as stated in the first count of the indictment, of Charles Pinney,Esq., and in the second of the Mayor and corporation of Bristol. The ATTORNEY-GE NERAL, in stating the case, did not dwell upon it with any particular emphasis. He stated that it was not attended with any circumstances of aggra vation.—The Jury found him Guilty, but recom mended him to mercy on account of his youth and his good character. The CHIEF RsTICE sentenced the prisoner to one month's imprisonment and hard labour. Mr. Justice TAUNTON sat in a chamber adjoining the Guildhall, to assist his Learned Brothers in try ing the great number of cases that yet remain upon the calendar. Several indictments for larceny were disposed of in the course of the day, but the details presented no features whatever to arrest public attention, be yond the dreadful outrage in which they had originated. Mr. Justice BosANQuET took his seat in the New Court at nine o'clock, when several prisoners were put to the bar, and pleaded Not Guilty to the in dictments preferred against them. Catherine Hagan was charged with stealing two silk dresses and pelisses, the property of Mr. )'Ar thur, of Queen-square. The prisoner, in her defence, said she picked up the articles in Queen-square. When she heard the police were searching the house she put them up the chimney, as she was fearful of being charged with stealing them. The .Jury returned a verdict of Guilty, and Mr. Justice BOSANQUET sentenced her to twelve months' imprisonment, and hard labour. Thomas Gallid, was charged with stealing several articles of wearing apparel, the property of Mr. Buckley and others. Ml. Bichley, and a gentleman named Claxton, stated that they lived in Queen-square. On Sunday night, the 30th of October, their houses were de stroyed by lire, and plundered of a great quantity of property. The articles now produced were their property. A police constable proved finding the articles at the prisoner's lodging.--The Jury found him Guilty. Mr. Justice BosANcitiliT said there could be no doubt of the prisoner's guilt, and immediately sen tenced him to twelve months' imprisonment and hard labour. William Christopher was indicted for stealing a silk dress, and other articles of wearing apparel, the property of Mr. Broad and others. The evidence in this case was exactly similar to that in the preceding ones. The articles lost during the riots were found in the prisoner's possession, and identified by the prosecutors as their property. The prisoner, an ill-looking dirty fellow, said, " You see as how I ser'd the things lying on the ground ; so says Ito myself, what a pity you had better take them home, William, says I, than let them lie in the dirty street; so I took them home for safety."—Verdict, Guilty. There was another indictment against the prisoner for a similar offence, but no evidence was offered on the part of the Crown. The prisoner, on being asked to say why sentence should not be passed upon him according to law, replied, " Nothing, my Lord, only that I hardly understand how to speak English." Mr. Justice BOSANQUET—The Court consider that it would not be safe to let a dangerous character like you remain any longer in this country. The sen tence upon you, therefore, is, that you be transported beyond the seas for the term of seven years. Thomas Hussey, John Jarvis, and S. Cullen, were charged with stealing several bottles of wine, the property of Mr. Room and others. The Jury found the prisoners Guilty ; and Mr. justice BOSANQUET sentenced each of thetn to four months' imprisonment and hard labour. Felix IVyman and Samuel Browning were in dicted for stealing, on the 30th of October last, a pair of sheets, and several other articles of wearing a pparel, the property of Mr. Richardson.—Guilty. Mr. Justice BosAsattaET sentenced them to two years' imprisonment, and hard labour. Thomas Marlin and Aaron Martin were indicted for stealing various articles, the property of Mr. Alexander Campbell Johnson.--The Jury acquitted Thomas Martin and found Aaron Martin Guilty. 'The COURT sentenced him to be transported for the term of seven years. The prisoner said - , " Thank you, my Lord ; I did not know that I had so long to live." The Opera," we find, is likely to unravel the mysteries of a duel which creates! so great a sensation in the world of fashion three seasons ago; and will con tain a series of piquant sketches illustrative of that aristo cratic circle, in whose levity the fatal catastrophe is said to have originated. WARWICKSHIRE SESSIONS, JAN. 3. IMPORTANT Y OF HUSBANDS. S3IITII V. BLOXAM, This was an interesting and important appeal, instituted by the appellant against the conviction of the Rer. R. R. Bloxam, D.D., a Magistrate of Rugby, for sot supporting his wife and child. &Ir. HILL stated the case on the part of the re spondent. The appellant, James Smith, carrying on a considerable business as a cern-dealer and coal merchant, at Rugby, married his present wife in 1810, at that time a highly respectable young woman, and with whom he received a very handsome for tune. Very soon after his marriage, the appellant commenced a system of the most brutal conduct to wards his wife, and the consequence of this was a separation, and a regular maintenance allowed to the wife. About seven years ag o, Mrs. Smith, who had previously been living—in deed ever since the separation—at Harboreugh, only three miles from the residence of her husband, was delivered of a child. On this occasion she was removed to the House of Industry at Rugby, where her confinement took place. In the mean time he should prove that both before and after this occurrence, the hus band continued the allowance to his wife. It so happened, however, that a few months ago the ap pellant, who was a reader of newspapers, met with a case, in which it was recently decided, that under the circumstances he had described, he was no longer liable for the maintenance of his wife. This student of newspaper law, had, accordingly, deter mined that his wife should either starve, or the parish of Rugby be compelled to relieve her neces sities. He (Mr. IL) trusted, however, that the Court would show him that his knowledge of the law was about as respectable as his practice of mo rality. ' John Richardson, guardian of the poor of the parish at Rugby, deposed to the appellant keeping several horses and a gig. On the 3d of December the appellant's wife applied for relief to him; and on application being made to Mr. Smith, he said he had no objection to give her 4s. a week. This was refused, as too little; and the appellant was shortly afterwards taken before a Magistrate, and convicted, for refusing to maintain his wife and child. Mr. WYsE, solicitor to the respondent, stated that the appellant denied his liability before the Magis trates, on the ground that his wife had committed adultery. Sophia Norton, examined by Mr. HlLL—Witness was dairymaid with the appellant about 15 years ago; his wife was living with him at that time. Mr. Smith used to beat his wife violently, there was scarcely a night passed over without his beating her. Cross-examined by Mr. PENNINGTON--Mr. Smith had been at Lutterworth market on the night of the cool ducking; Mrs. Smith and witness had not been drinking —not even water, she had plenty of that a ft erwards.— ( Laughter.) Elizabeth Bannister (sister of the last witness) examined by Mr. WADDINGTos—Went to live with Mr. Smith many years ago; he used his wife very ill; she remembered his coming from Lutterworth market ; witness saw appellant knock Mrs. Smith out of her chair, and afterwards, when she ran out of the house, saw him throw her into the mill-pool; witness cried out " oh, my mistress will be drowned !" when her master went to his wife, and, taking her out of the water, said " take care you —," and put some soap into her mouth; he kicked her several times, and on one occasion so violently, that Mr. Bucknall, the surgeon, was called in. Cross-examined by Mr. Amos—Mrs. Smith was sometimes a little intosticated, but was never so drunk but she could go about; she was certainly intosticated when Mr. Smith cooled her in the dam; Mrs. Smith lived with her husband about a year and a half after this. This closed the case for the respondent. Mr. Amos addressed tke Court on behalf of the appellant. In the first place, taking all that passed on the two occasions Mr. Smith was before the Magistrates, he thought the Court would agree with him there was no wilful refusa to support his wife. By the evidence of the overseer, it was clearly proved that he had offered 45. a week for that pur pose. Second'y there was no proof that the child on whose behalf the support was claimed, was Mr. Smith's child. Thirdly, he should be able to prove that she had for years been living in adultery, and the husband was no longer bound to maintain her. As to the alleged charge of cruelty, it was in evi dence that Mrs. Smith lived with her husband two years after the ducking she received for her drunken ness. Making the most of the duckings and beatings she received, they proved nothing, if he established the guilt of the wife. lthry Bradshaw, examined by Mr. PENNINGTON— Witness lived at Harborough, three miles distant from Rugby; she had lived there ten years; knew Francis Treane, he was a tailor, and lived at Harbo rough ; Mrs. Smith lived with him; they first lived together about nine years; witness often visited them ; the cottage in which they lived consisted of two rooms, and there was only one bed ; they lived together as man and wife; remembered Mrs. Smith going to Rugby House of Industry to lie in; that was about seven or eight years ago; she afterwards returned to Harborough; the boy was sometimes called Frances Treane, and sometimes Francis Smith ; but although I lived adjoining Treane's cot tage, I never saw Mr. Smith there. Anne Treane, sister to the paramour, deposed that during Mrs. Smith's confinement at Rugby, Treane lodged with her, and was in the habit of sending her groceries; after her confinement she re turned to Treane's house ; Treane died last No vember. Mr. HILL said his object was to show, that if the wife committed adultery, the husband not only connived at it, but by numerous acts of condonation supported her in her shame. If he proved that during the whole time Smith supplied her with money, and paid her bills, knowing that she was living in open adultery, he submitted, that he should establish such an act of condonation as would at once put an end to the case. The COURT overruled the objection. It was then proved that Smif h sometimes gave his wife money during the time she cohabited with Treane. respondent's was trumped up, and had f a il e d. I t was we ll known . Ic P e. ENN H lN e c z o n N ten co d commented d th o echarg e ntieesp f ond ru e e n l ts ev t o that under the ancient la ws o f England, ducking stools were established for th e p urpose o f punishing; evidence. and in this instance the appellant had done nothing that was not deservedly provoked by the drunken ness of the wife. With regard to condonation, what did it signify but as the derivation of the term de noted, a perfect forgiveness —a taking back to bed and board—a total obliteration of all past errors. That was the natural, moral, and legal definition of condonation. The casual relief of a starving profligate wife could not be taken in that light. All the pay ments proved by the witness came to this, and no more, that Mr. Smith seeing his wife in want, and believing himself able to pay, relieved her. Imme diately he saw the case reported in the newspapers, he determined to abandon it. The law was clear I upon the case. Mr. iltu, said, that whatever his suspicions might be, he would not admit the adultery was proved ; but he hoped the day was far distant when a husband, who had driven his wife from her home by acts of the most atrocious cruelty —who had ab solutely supported her in her crime —should, when called upon to support her in her destitution, have the power of making his moral fellow-parishioner s pay for his crime and cruelty. The husband it was who, to his wife, had rendered rugged the path of virtue, and smooth the path of rice. The Magistrates were equally divided—six voting for the confirmv of the conviction, and six against it. Sir E. E. Wit.morr, the Chairman, gave the cast ing vote against the conviction, which was accord. inglyquashed.--I~ir~niu~JtctiiiJournal, MARKET INTELLIGENCE. LONDON MARKETS. (From the London New Price Current of yesterday.) • Sucatt.-The demand for Muscovades continued gene ral and extensive all last week ; the purchases were need) . 3,000 hhils. and tees. at a small advance OR Tnesday't prices. The stock of West India Sugar is now 33,011 hhds. and tees., which is 3,260 less than last year. The stock of Mauritius, 69,746 bags, being 31,777 more thin last year. The delivery of West India Sugar last week 2,990 hhds. and tees., being 342 less than last year.--' The delivery of Mauritius 4,538 bags, being 2,480 more than the corresponding week of 1831. We have again $ brisk market for West India Muscovades at the prices of last week ; the estimated sales are 1,100 hhds. and tees. In the Refined Market there was much briskness last week; low Lumps were scarce, and no parcels offered under 60e good sold 625. and for all finer descriptions there were ge' neral inquiries and very considerable purchases were re' ported ; the sales of crashed would have been extensive, but the holders were asking 325., being an advance of 1$ p-r cwt. The only alteration in the Refined Market tido afternoon is a great improvement in the demand fur fine goods for home consumption. EAST INDIA SUGARS. -The advance generally of 1$ per cwt. has not only been maintained, but is again robe higher, say Is. to Is. 6d. from the late lowest point ; W have had sales of Mauritius and Bengal at this improve ment ; brown Mauritius 425. a 44e., good and fine yelloo 465. a 535. ; Bengal white 235. a 265. This (lay's sale 4,005 bags Mauritius Sugar sold a shade lower. FOREIGN SUGARS.-There have been no purchases 0 Foreign Sugar, except some parcels of washed which ford no criterion of the prices. COFFEE.-The Coffee Market last week was quiet, and few sales were made, but where the holders were deter' mined to sell, a reduction of Is. a 2s. was submitted to; St. Domingo sold at 555. ; Batavia 535. ; the Jamaio Berbice, and Demerara sold Is. a 2s. lower. This days sales 1,772 bags East India Coffee, chiefly Ceylon, whirl sold 525. 6(1. a 535, ; Sumatra fair 525. a 525. 61, in' ferior 465.; Semarang at 48W. ; Mysore 61s. ; all at are' duction of about 2s. from the late highest point; 671 bee fine ord. Brazil taken in at 565., and for which 555. WO offered ; at the highest Market rates the latter was worth 59* Rust, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.-At the conclusion of last week the actual purchase' reported were extensive' about '7OO puns. ; the general advance was id. to lb per gall. ; a considerable proportion was taken on speelr lation. In Brandy o r G eneva t h ere was little alteration. ' HEMP, FLAX, AND TALLow.--The Tallow Market 6d. a 9d. higher, and very firm at the improvement ; prices at St. Petersburgh are also higher. In Hemp and Flax there is no material alteration. SALTPETRE. -There is little alteration ; good qualill ;t c ' 388. a 395., refined 41s. CorroN.-The Cotton Market looks very firm, on se count of the ascertained large consumption of the last yee tt and the small stock at all the ports. The demand yester fa (lay and to-day has considerably improved. TORACCO.-The only sale of any consequence is a cal t o of 200 hhds. Kentucky, delivered at a near port, at 2' per 1001bs. manifest weight. TEA.-The demand fur Boheas continues at our quoted advance, Id. per lb. In other descriptions the of is not much doing. ASHES AND TURPENTINE.-Without an arrival or a salt tn Ons.-Generally very flat, and a shade lower than l$ no week. FRUIT.-The sales of Fruit are not extensive ; there Z u no alteration in prices. As SILK.-Good Silk is on the advance, and the Market tr , brisker ; i n f er i or art i cles are bringing better prices • wit° an( is stiffer. Mex.-Bengal Rice is lower ; fair quality, in conO: af nt derable parcels, 14s. a 15s. 6d. SPICES.-This day's s a l e 1,126 b ags b lack Pepperl 0° sifted aid. a 3 a ,1., shot 4td. say, ! sh MINING IN TEL LIGENCE..SaIe at Red ru th l ast we ee ' si, Quantity of C o pp er O re so ld 3,581 tons ; average p ro clo ( %- 9i-(1. Quantity of fine Copper 325 t ons 16 cwt. AnaoltiVoi of sale 22,387/. Is. 6d. Average standard 981. 17s. s tai COUNTIIY CORN t-ouNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING IHE wEES 4I " dCilot Wheat. Barley. to I__Bean i ' r - 0 Per Quarter. s. to s. 1. to s. s. to•s. ~ Bomton — 57 30 Gainsborough ...... 59 36 -- 20 / 4 Grantham ............ 56 57 33 39 19 25 43 Grimsby 5O 63 24 33 16 21 32 $ Horncastle.--............ 50 57 28 35 18 23 35 most Lincoln Silsb Stamford -4864333821 22 40 4. ovve York— 52 68 30 40 18 27 32 , 1,. 4 NORWICH, Jan. 7. Our supply of Grain to-day was equal to the demand, bill had not that abundance which has been the case of late, an , though the condition k not improved, there was more brisk in the trade generally, yet we cannot note prices higher. T is at present a steady demand for all kinds of Grain and Flo our last week's quotations. Wheat (per qr.) ... als. 625. 665. Beans (per qr.) ---- Barley ----- 245. 325. 365. Pease, Grey......--._ 365. Oats ...........-... 225. 265. 28s. Flour , fine (per sack) 475. —........ w . , rill gi lob e . Sot tt CAN'T'ERBURY, Jan. 7. en d We had but a s h or t supply of Grain, upon our Exchangetotr Kt day, and Wh eat and Barley obtained rather higher prices ou this day week. Other Grain without alteration in value.u.• Wheat, white 60s. to 675. Old —s. to ' ink, 50s. to 603..,,..., to Barley; `Malting 345. to 40s. Grinding.. to ° n g( -- 255. to 28s. A , Old —s. to ...Tn. 345. to 38s. 40s. to .4-3' by 435. to 458..,,,,,., Grey-- 355, to 3_t_ Bean: Pease VVy MANCHESTER, Jan. 7. We had a fair a tt en d ance of millers and dealers at market IMil day, a greater part of whom were purchasers of some article the trade; indeed the stocks are much reduced, therefore 3 business mu s t b e d one for a few weeks to come. Fine lIT 1 Wheat is full 2d. p er 701 b. above this day week. In Grin., Barley there is no a lt erat i on. Oats are held at rather D' t i prices. Having v ery f ew Boiling Pease at market, fine sail 'thg, are in request a t th e hi ghest quotations. Old Beans support Ir. , rates • New are Is. t o I s. Fd . per quarter cheaper. The deTgedi c i i for Malte is limited, and f or cas h sales lower prices are stya,' to. Fine English and Irish Flour sells at prices equal to •nY con week. In Oatmeal there is no alteration. . tire. Wheat, per 701 b. P s. Od . to Os. Bd. Red 9s. 3.1. to 911 Part* 3 6 5 Barley, per Poll, 5 0 5 3 Oats 44 0 45 art i es 1 Beans, per Imperi a l quar t er Pease, White, per Imperial bushel Malt, per 6 I mper i a l b ushels : .e, ( 0 ) 4 13 , sees Wi 52 URE ( Flour, per Sack o f 2801 b 47 0 14 ---It ;iclo ° , 4 3? f = , . W tro ts fr a BIRTHS. rtedl u f ladymO ty n es t y h t e ,i 7 it tll d i ,k n m st ie a , t s ß ta a ff tl b i, rd t s h i e ,ire, 0 ne(,).,!Jt.h.ar .7hhraiiksset.. o a f t a t d h a e ug lt h e t c e t r o . ry, Amersham, the lady I I sa i ar if I t i tl i On the 9th inst. Mrs. H. 'Tennant, of a daughter. ..4„,„ at p, At Havre, on the 4th inst. Mrs. Sebastian Boom, of a , i , r— Prop er. t of a H da . u iN g l i4 C er h . adwick, t , g r it: h f ae l l 'i; .l On the sth inst. at Clapham.cominon, the lady of H. , an Esq., of a son. lgn, - Th . MARRIED. 1 .. n e ' Vet On the 10th inst. at the church of the Savoy, Charles I P ...eli e e , son, Esq. Attorney-General of the Island of St. Kitt's, all,‘,(erey f ' son of the late Charles Thomson, Esq. Master in Chal , '6. Bt „ . a i Maria, only daughter of N icholas Byrne, Esq., of Lao '• t'a e l,o ~ ta place. ol al .. 1, ' On the 10th inst. at Fulham, Matthew Giuseppi, Esq.. ,1 a t . , a ton-street, Dorset -square, surgeon, to Olivia, second ( 1 4 :1p , - " 4( 1n.. 9 , of I. W. C. Perfect, Esq., of Hammersmith -terrace, an r • tser,„e tt Carswell House, Berks. °Ur, 4 . ,. DIED. ,•,,,. .11. ote,l[l, ty On the 16th ult. at Nantes as he was travelling in the re , ni i henefltting his health, the Rev. Wm. Mathews, aged 30, IPI'M, of Itomford, Essex, and late of New College, Oxford. .1 ; A li regretted by Isis family and friends. On the sth inst. at Thorpe, near Norwich, John 13 ,... (4 1 .g. 14 , ec 3 l l ', Plowman, Esq., late of Lowestoft, in the county of ' aPp le, .'ged 67 years. j idge. str On the sth inst. at Macclesfield, Edward Strathern, see° th e • " t of Captain Vine, of the Royal Marines, aged 14. q On the 7th i nst. at Stamford-hill, Francis, infant son aid ~' s Ai r. 0 4 lieathorn, F.sq. On the 6th in s t . i n her 16th year, Philippa Dorothea,, in, th e / ." , t the Who] daughter of P. P owe ll , E sq., of Taunton-place, Dorset- 41 J" ' who] -..-.. PRINTED AND PUBLISIIRD BY MORD() YOUNG, A l SUN OFFICE, IN, STRAND, LOWON, EXETER 51 A RKETS.—Jan. 6. s i... Beef (score) .......9s. Od. 9s. 641. Wheat (bushel) .Bs. Od. ,s • ta,.., Mutton (1b.)—.....0 Of 0 6 Barley .................4 6 ..! redicine rument. , Veal and Lanib-0 5 0 6 O a t s 5 6 6 ifferinz Pork —0 4 0 6 Beans .1_? G E sc s .ki e ss (L:2 l. ) r;. _ \ _3_1 ..3 2 3 6 1 5 p lq ta t g t s e toe ( l2 ( s l ) b r,..... . l ) , .. eck —... )7oo l v i ki rt t l ,r,,a ; r : oi - a rd: ost disti __ -----,, IRISH M ire in, , ARKETS. ....,, v i rig, a Wain. an( Wheat, Barley. Oats. I Flour, p er 1, fistrious per barrel per barrel per barrel r.----1.---:.o,ater spit 21) stone. 16 stone. 14 stone. 1 lst. ....iiy Aiste ----odtimnig s. cl. as. d. s. d. as. d. s. d. a s.d. s. d. as. cl. s. (I. ' i tgic..... a C0rk.,,....,, 26 0 30 012 8 16 0110 0 11 4 17 0 19 6 5 0 Me tool Limerick 126 8 30 013 0 14 0112 , 0 13 6 18 0 20 0 0 0 its rail Waterford.26 0 30 0 13 0 15 0110 0 11 018 0 20 010 0 lf e , and Minitel —26 8 30 0 12 0 16 0113 6 13 920 0 20 0 1:3 0 3 ready 1 Carlow... 29 0 30 015 0 16 0110 0 11 620 6 21 00 0 do _________ _______g 4. Beef, Mutton, Fork, _Butt er . / all - ° per lb. per lb. per cwt. Ist. 2(CTa:7 -- 1111 ------ ---- ---- _____ d. ad.d.ad.s. d. a s. (1. s. d. s , d , s , ds d ' 'g " Cork —... 4f 6Of 5 2(3 0 31 0900860 78 il 72 . Limerick— 3 4Of 431 0 35 0,90 085080 0 75 a () .Beth 4 tL Waterford 4 6 3 6 350 36 0 9:3 090080 0 7 9 Clonmel . 4 5 5 6 3:3 0 34 087 084 0— 0— 0 Carlow—. 4 51 0 0 0 0 0086084 (1 74 0 6:_4_,,, s i n , ___ , 1 _ ---- - OM belle} AILKENNY.—Butter 903 to 92 9 . per cwt. ; Wheat 265. ~ ~ . I tel ; Barley 13a. to 15s. ; Beef 441. to 541. per lb. ; p v e , r5 barrel Potatoes flour 2 '2o d s . . p t e o r : :So.. stone per r bag; 1 0 E : 2 t sa.9s. per t c o w l i‘t l .t s . ./ t4, 2 ,,e4 L r li i e av u l B trit Pigs 335. to 339. per cwt. ..._.,......,...„,... THE HUNGARI AN your w or ....... .ilth s,-gentret ' BROTHERS. popular romance, by Miss ANNA MARIA PORTER, 0,1 % . t he bl the eleventh num b er of the f 4 Standard Novels" Jii,t,'..in:tif.l fished. Th e authoress has revised the work, and ad" ' g , . new intr o d uct i on, illustrative notes, &c., expresw, ' '‘ . °nl this edition. The volum e is more beautifully illuslß}: of with engr a vi ngs, b y C HARLES ROLLS, and is compITEAD,c ; one volu me . Wi th these recommendations it can h. 0., fail t o fi n d i ts way into the library of every lover of el se T o ': it .1;.:.-- of fiction.