The Sun. — London, England, 1853-02-07 00:00:00

COUNTY COUBTS. A pamphlet has just been published by Ridgway of Piccadilly on the subject of the bills recently introduced by Lord Brougham, and now before Parliament, for the further extension of the juris tlietion of the County Courts, which will be read with avidity by all who take an interest in the improvement and perfection of these tribunals. The pamphlet is in the form of a letter to the Lord Chancellor, by " A Law Reformer," and. the bills to which the writer directs his lordship's attention are : "1. A bill intituled an act for extending the juris action of the County Courts to certain matters cogniz able in the Court of Chancery. "2. ' A bill intituled an act to extend the jurisdiction of the Judges of the County Courts, and to facilitate pro ceedings in the High Court of Chancery.' And, •" 3. A bill intituled an act to limit the jurisdiction of her Majesty's Court of Bankruptcy, to abolish the Courts of Bankruptcy for the country districts, and to give to the Judges of the County Courts jurisdiction in matters of bankruptcy in certain cases.' " The first or 'County Courts Equitable Jurisdiction Bill,' as it is called, is a bill to give to the County Courts original jurisdiction in respect of matters which hereto fore have only been cognizable in the Coarts of Chancery, and enacts that— "' It shall and may be lawful to and for any person seeking equitable relief to enter a claim against any per son from whom such relief is sought, either with the -clerk of the County Court for the district within which astoh last-menfioned person resides, or in Any other of such Courts, by leave of the Judge of such Court, in any of the following cases ; (that is to say,) in any case where the party so seeking relief is or claims to be, " I. 'A creditor upon the estate of any deceased per son, such creditor seeking payment of his debt out of the deceased's personal assets : "2. A legatee under the will of any deceased per son, such legatee seeking payment or delivery of his kepey out of such deceased person's personal assets : " 3. 'A residuary legatee, or one of the residuary legatees, of any deceased person, seeking an account of the residue, and payment or appropriation of his share therein : " 4. 'The person, or any of the persons, entitled to the personal estate of any person who may have died intestate, arid seeking an account of such personal estate, gad payment of his share thereof : "5. An executor or administrator of any deceased person, seeking to have the personal estate of such de ceased person administered, under the directions of the Judge of the Court for the district within which he resides : " 6. 'A person entitled to an account of the dealings and transactions of a partnership dissolved or expired, seeking such account : " 7. 'A person entitled to an equitable estate or in terest, and seeking to use the name of his trustee in pro ec uting a suit for his own sole benefit : "8. A person entitled to have a new trustee ap pointed, in a case where there is no power in the instru ment creating the trusts to appoint new trustees, or where the power cannot be exercised, and seeking to ap point a new trustee.' "The second, or County Courts further extension Bill,' gives power to the Lord Chancellor to appoint the Judges of the County Courts to be officers of and assistant to the Court of Chancery, and to make general orders and regulations for the following purposes, viz. : "1. For enabling the Court of Chancery in any cause or matter, when it shall appear that any accounts or inquiries that may require to be taken or made in any such cause or matter may be conveniently taken or made by a Judge of the County Court or a Master Ex traordinary in Ireland of the English Court of Chancery, to direct that such inquiries or accounts, or any portion thereof, shall be taken or made by one of the said Judges or Masters Extraordinary, and to give such directions as to the time and mode of taking the same, and otherwise relating thereto, as shall be deemed expe dient : "2. For making provision for taking down the evi dence and examinations to be taken under the authority of this Act, and for providing for the filing, depositing, and preservation of the examinations, depositions, affi davits, proceedings, and reports under any such refer ence, and the means of access to and obtaining copies of the same : "3. 'For authorising the Judges of the County Court and the Masters Extraordinary in Ireland aforesaid to exercise all powers of administering oaths, taking affidavits, and receiving affirmations, declarations, acknowledgments and attestations of honour, which are exercised by the Clerk of Reports ; and for au thorising the said judges and masters extraordinary to take pleas, answers, disclaimers, and examinations in -causes and matters pending in the said Court of Chan cery, and also the examination of any married woman with reference to her consent to the disposal of any funds or monies subject to the order of the said Court, with out any commission or other authority than this act : et 4. For enabling the said Judges and masters ex traordinary, without any commission or other authority, to examine witnesses brought before them in causes and matters depending in the said Court of Chancery, and for enabling any party in any such cause or matter to have his witnesses examined before any such Judge or master extraordinary, and for regulating the mode of such examination : " For providing for the authentication and trans mission by post or otherwise of any such pleas, answers, disclaimers, examinations, depositions, proceedings, and reports, and of other documents relating to the matters done I by or before any such Judge or m as t er extraordi- "And the third, or 'District Court of Bankruptcy Abolition Bill," restricts the jurisdiction of the London Court of Bankruptcy to a circle of twenty miles from the General Post-office—abolishes the District Courts of Bankruptcy—and gives jurisdiction in Bankruptcy to the Judges of the County Courts, in all cases where the trader resides beyond twenty miles of London." The author, after stating his object to be the placing these bills in a prominent point of view before the Lord Chancellor, and after giving a more full defail of the bill for transferring the bank ruptcy jurisdiction to the County Court Judges, goes on to say "g happily, these bills should become law, the whole community will have the opportunity afforded them of settling almost all their disputes and differences at their own homes. In the bill conferring original jurisdiction in equity, a 'right of appeal is given to the Court of Chancery ; and in the bill transferring the bankruptcy jurisdiction, an appeal lies to the Lords Jus tices—and had my Lord Brougham gone a little farther, and proposed a still greater extension of the jurisdiction of the County Courts—its extension to all matters of debt, without any restriction whatever as to the amount, I should not have been at all surprised, if (with those Safeguards of appeal), his lordship had found Parlia meat—and more particularly the House of Commons— perfectly ready to go along with him. r‘ Lord St. Leonards, however, appears to be hostile to these bills of my Lord Brougham's—hostile certainly to the first, and to the third of them—to giving original jurisdiction in equity to the judges of the County Courts to the transfer to them of the Bankruptcy Juris dretion ; and as regards the second bill—the bill giving power to the Lord Chancellor to appoint the judges of the County Courts to be officers of the Court of (Man oery—his lordship, while he admits that certain powers flight properly be given in aid of the Court of Chancery, proposes, in the speech to which I have adverted, to give those powers, not to the County Courts Judges, but to the Commissioners of the Court of Bankruptcy, because, as his lordship stated, the Commissioners, from the nature of their jurisdiction, would, in his opinion, be likely to perform those duties with more satisfaction to the Court of Chancery.' Lord St. Leonards objects to giving these powers, trifling and comparatively unim portant as they are, to the Judges of the County Courts ; and thence it is of course to be inferred that his lordship will still more strongly object to any proposal for giving them original jurisdiction in equity. Lord Brougham proposes to reduce the London Court of Bankruptcy to a Chief Commissioner, and two other Commissioners—to confine their jurisdiction entirely to matters of bank ruptcy—to abolish the seven District Courts of Bank auptey—and to give jurisdiction in bankruptcy and ori ginal and other jurisdiction in equity to the County Courts, while Lord St. Leonards proposes to retain the Bankruptcy Courts in London and in the country, to make the Commissioners officers of the Court of Chan cery, and to give them jurisdiction under certain clauses, which appeared in Lord Brougham's Bankrupt Law Consolidation Bill of 1849, and which at the time acquired the name of the Dead Men's Clauses.' "I have not the honour of knowing what your lord ship's sentiments are in relation to the bills to which I spa directing your attention ; but I would fain hope, tut when you come to look carefully into them, and *SJ weigh and consider the arguments in their favour, ou will feel satisfied that they ought no longer to be ; that no measure, such as that sketched out by aboid-St. Leopards —no measure which does not enable 0 suitor to commence a Chancery suit in the County Costs, will ever be received by the public as anything lull an instalment —that the merely empowering the lord Chancellor to appoint the Commissioners of the Baukruptcy Courts to act "in aid" of the Court of Chascery, will not reach the evils complained of, or be looked upon as at all approaching to either the kind or degree of Chancery reform that is required ; and that, although such a measure might in some instances miti gate, it would never exterminate the intolerable griev ances of the present Chancery syst em. My Lord Itraugha,m's plan is certainly a bold one, but it also ap pears to me to be both simple and right ; it is a bold plan, because it rids us at one swoop of almost all the grievances so long and so loudly complained of ; it is simple, inasmuch as the meanest capacity may c ampre .. bend it ; and it is right, for this reason, that so long as It affords due means of appeal, it must save the suitor muck needless cost, and it cannot occasion any failure ofjustice. ' I could give your lordship numerous instances— instafices ad slauseam—of extreme hardship arising out of the present order of things—instances of delay, of uncertainty, and of ruinous expense—and instances, also, of the dread and horror of these combined, operating to prevent injured parties from seeking their just rights— of their being advised by eminent counsel to abandon those rights, and of their preferring to do so, and quietly submitting to injustice rather than incur the infliction and the misery of a suit in Chancery. I will, however, content myself with referring to only a very few cases, 11h aply because these appear to me sufficiently to eluci dail all this, and to point prominently to the kind of Me:ly tkat is required ; and I shall begin with one or two mentioned by Lord Brougham, in a speech made by Ids lordship on the 14th of July 1851,, on the first read- ing of the Court of Chancery and Judicial Committee bill of that year." Lord Brougham's speech on the Court of Chan cery Bill of 1851 is then given, containing several cases strongly illustrative of the necessity of what is proposed in his lordship's present bill, for giving original jurisdiction in equity to the County Courts; and then follows the opinions of two of the Judges of the County Courts, illustrated also by cases, and the examination of a solicitor, taken before the Chan cery Commission last year. The opinions of Lord Cottenham, Lord Brougham, Lord Lyndhurst, and Lord Campbell, on the act which established the District Courts of Bankruptcy, are also given ; and. the writer ends by saying " But what is now proposed by my Lord Brougham is, as I have already said, neither more nor less than a return to the old rule. His lordship proposes to take advantage of the County Courts for Bankruptcy pro ceedings ; to engraft on. them the system of official assignees which has been found to work so well, both in London and in the country; and, to return to the old practice of prosecuting every bankruptcy, as near to the place of residence or trading of the bankrupt as possible —preserving, also, the old exception to that rule, by giving to the Chief Commissioner power to order other wise under special circumstances. Formerly (I am only going back to 1842), there was the London Court, with six Commissioners„ and a jurisdiction of forty miles around London ; and there were one hundred and thirty two lists of Commissioners for all the rest of England and Wales. The rule, then, was to work or prosecute the bankruptcy in London in all cases in which the bankrupt resided in London, or within forty miles of it, and in all other cases, before the list of Commissioners for the place nearest to his residence. If the bankrupt did not reside in London, or within forty miles of it, the solicitor at the time he bespoke the fiat, was required to certify which of the places for which lists of Commission ers were formed was the one nearest to the bankrupt's residence, and to the list for that place, the fiat was, as a matter of course, directed. This was the old rule. And the exception to it was—that whenever it could be shown that a majority of the creditors lived elsewhere ; or that it would be more convenient to the general body of the creditors ; or for the benefit of the estate, to prosecute the fiat in London, or at any other place--then to the London Commissioners, or to the list of Commissioners for that other place, it was accordingly directed under a special order. " Such was the old rule, and such the exception, and if in 1842, if, prior to the 5 and 6 Viet., cap. 122, County Courts had been established as they are now, no one can reasonably doubt that jurisdiction in bankruptcy would have been given to them, and that these District Courts of Bankruptcy never would have been thought of. Since then, however, since the extension of the jurisdiction of the London Courts and the establishment of the District Courts of Bankruptcy, all bankruptcies have been prose cuted either in London or in one or other of the seven District Courts. No matter where the bankrupt lives or carries on his trade. If he lives in London, or at or near to any of the District Courts, it is all very well, and there is nothing to complain of; but if he and his credi tors live, as they frequently do, at a distance from the Court, then ensue the grievances of which I complain, and which are so well and so forcibly stated by my Lords Cottenham and Campbell, and also by Mr. JohneS ; thea ensues the " consumption of time and expenditure of money" in journeying to the place where the Bankruptcy Court is held, and which Commissioner Ayrton seems to imagine can only occur when London is the point to be arrived at. These grievances and this consumption of time and expenditure of money Lord Brougham's Bill wisely proposes to remedy by prosecuting the bank ruptcy in the London Court, in all cases where the trader resides in London, or within 20 miles of the Gene ral Post Office, and in the County Court for the District in which he resides in all other cases, reserving power to the Chief Commissioner to make order for its prosecution in London or elsewhere, without regard to the place of residence or trading, on proper cause shown. "This seems simple enough. The Court of Bank ruptcy will still have power on its being shown that a majority of the creditors live at any particular place, or that it is for the benefit of the estate, or for the interest of the general body of creditors that the bankruptcy be prosecuted there, to make order accordingly. The con venience of the greatest number is the thin ,, to be at tended to, and this app e a r s to be am ply provided for and secured. The County Courts already have jurisdiction in insolvency—all insolvencies beyond 20 miles from the General Post-office are prosecuted in the County Courts —no difficulty is found to arise respecting them—nor will any arise in respect to bankruptcy which cannot easily be provided for. "But if the prosecution of matters in bankruptcy, at a distance from the place of residence, or trading of a bankrupt be inconvenient, ho* much more so, my Lord, must be the prosecution of matters in equity at places distant from the residences of the parties and their wit nesses. Bankruptcies are of course most numerous in the large and important commercial towns, and always must be so—but a pl ace w hi c h produces little or no bankruptcy may, nevertheless, furnish a very considera ble amount of equity business. Take, for example the cities of Che s t er , Lancaster, and York, which, I will venture to say, neith er o f them produce a dozen bank ruptcies in the course of a year, but which, notwith standing, might yield a very considerable quota of busi ness under an original equity jurisdiction. Will there, I would ask, be no hardship in dragging the Lancaster people to Manchester, the Chester people to Liverpool, and the York folks to Leeds ! and would not this hard ship be aggravated by the fact of each of these places having all the while an equally competent tribunal— having their own County Courts eh:4;e at hand in which such matters might conveniently be decided ? "I do not think it can be necessary to give other ex amples, or longer to detain your lordship. I think the hardship and inconvenience must be apparent, as must also the inconsistency and absurdity ; and I most sin cerely hope that when your lordship comes to apply your mind to these bills of Lord Brougham's, you will arrive at the conclusion that the scheme propounded in them, is the one. that ought, under the circumstances, to be adopted = -that the people, having had the benefit of these County Courts extended to them in matters of debt, ought now to have the same privileges given them as regards matters in equity and bankruptcy ; and that, if your lordship be not prepared at once to give an un limited original equity jurisdiction to the County Courts, but think it safer to proceed cautiously and by degrees, you will at least see that jurisdiction to some considera ble amount ought to be intrusted to them ; and then, if the change should be found to work well, as there is no doubt it would do, the jurisdiction can easily be in creased. "That the County Courts, in their present shape, are perfect, or anything like perfect, no one pretends ; but that with time, with experience, and with care, they may be made as nearly so as any human institution is capable of becoming, I will continue to hope ; and in the mean while, the knowledge that the people have shown so de cided and manifest a preference for them, will be suffi cient to justify your lordship in acceding to the proposi tions now made for the further extension of their j risdiction. " - We may return to this pamphlet on some future occasion, and in the meantime recommend it to the attention of our readers. A BURGLAR KILLED NEAR BRIGHTON. For some time past considerable apprehension has been created among the inhabitants of detached houses in the neighbourhood of Shoreham by a series of daring burglaries which have been perpetrated almost weekly for some time past. About a fortnight ago the house of Mr. Bridger, a gentleman residing near Shoreham, was entered by bur glars during the night, and a quantity of eatables and a pair of gaiters were stolen. Three or four times within the last two months the house of the Rev. Mr. Wheeler has also been entered, and edibles and wearing apparel have been stolen upon each occasion • among other things a neckerchief b e l ong i ng t o that gentleman's butler Yesterday morning, between two and three o'clock, the house of Mr. Bridger was again entered. Three servants were at the time sitting up, well armed—a pre caution which has been taken nightly, ever since the first robbery was committed, a fortnight since—and a noise being heard to proceed from the pantry or milk house at the rear of the premises, the servants proceeded to the spot. They there found that the door had been locked by one of the other servants, and the key taken away, and they were unable to enter the room ; ' but there were two window-holes in the top of the door, one of the panes of which had been removed for purposes of ventilation, and the servants were thus enabled to see what was going on inside. They saw a man in the room in the act of taking something from a cupboard, and they immediately called upon him surrender, telling him that if he did not do so they would fire. Receiving no answer, one of the servants fired, but without effect. He was again told that unless he surrendered he would be fired upon. He replied in a tone of derision, " Oh !" and immediat e ly ma d e f or the window by which he had gained admittance to the room, and was making his way out, when he was fired upon a second time by two of the party. An alarm was then given in the house, and the thief, who had effected his escape through the window, was found lying on the ground, about six yards rom the win dow, dead, the shot having taken effect a little above the hip on the right side. Dr. Carter, of Shoreham, was speedily upon the spot, and he gave it as his opinion that the man might have lived ten minutes after he had received the shot, and that he had then died from internal hemorrhage. The Steyning constable, Mr. Poiney, having arrived, dispatched at once a message to Mr. Chase, chief officer of the Brighton police, who upon examining the premi ses , f oun d that the thief had attempted an entrance at the same spot at which the house was entered a fort night since, but, iron bars having been placed there, a second place was tried with like effect, and the entrance was at last effected through the window of the milk-house or pantry. It is supposed the man had the assistance of confederates in getting from the window. On examining the body he proved to be a fine, well built young man, about 25 years of age, and had in his pocket a huge life-preserver. On his feet were the gaiters stolen a fortnight ago, and round his neck the neckerchief of Mr. Wheeler's servant. The inquest has been held on the body, and a verdict of justifiable homi cide returned. SHOCKING DEATH AT WHITSTABLE.—An inquest was held here on Tuesday, by Mr. Delasaux, on the body of Ann Woodcock, the wife of a labouring man. It ap peared that she had been, at an early hour in the morn ing of the previous day, strolling on the sea shore in quest of copperas stones, and, ?wing to th e d enseness o f the fog, did not perceive the rising tide till she was com pletely surrounded, when she attempted to escape, but was drowned. Some folks heard her screams, but did not arrive until too late, when they found her a lifeless corpse. Verdict, " Accidental death." Deceased has left seven-children.—Kentia Gazette.- THE SUN, LONDON, 'MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 7,. 1853. THE RIVER PLATE. NEW FIELD FOR EMIGRANTS. (From the Live)Tool Albion.) Taking a wise advantage of the hopeless dissensions of their Argentine neighbours, and leaving Urquiza and Buenos Ayres to settle their embroilments as they best may, the authorities at Monte Video, rejoicing in the en joyment of peace now secured to Uruguay, are zealously continuing the exertions we lately recorded with a view to the attraction of emigrants from Europe. The suc cess promises to be commensurate with the exertion. A novel and somewhat singular trade seems to be springing up between the Plate and the golden regions of Austra lia ; but in some instances the allurements of the former prove more potent even than the latter among those who have had the opportunities of appreciating both. Mules are being imported in considerable numbers from Monte Video to the diggings, where, even after a voyage round the Horn, they prove of the utmost value from their ca pacity to endure the rough usage they are subjected to, and under which the hardiest horses are found rapidly to deteriorate. Not unfrequently a digger, fortunate or unfortunate, as the case may be, quits the auriferous shores of the new El Dorado in one of these ships, and settles on the banks of some one or other of the affluents of that stream whose fabled wealth (hence called the Plata—the River of Silver), first lured Cabot, three cen turies ago, in the hope of rivalling the metalliferous dis coveries made by Pizzaro in the north. Some of the reasons for preferring the Uruguay to Australia will be found in the annexed interesting letter, under date, Monte Video, 15th December, 1852 :-- "Since my arrival here on the 11th August I have been assiduously engaged in gleaning information with reference to the suitability of the Republic of the Uru guay for colonisation, and the attractions it holds forth to emigrants. In fertility of soil, undisturbed possession of property, wealth, both agricultural and mineral, to be explored, mildness of climate, and last, and not least, a liberal and protective government, all circumstances highly favourable to the settler, it is surpassed by none. The gold of Australia may prove seductive to adven turers, who, led away by an idea that they will be en riched in a few days, heed neither the means nor the mode of obtaining that wealth, the danger attending it, and the probability of success ; but for him who prefers an industrious and tranquil life, aspires to live quietly and happily, and even seeks a slow but sure mode of making his fortune, the Uruguay is the place. "Amongst the considerations by which the emigrant is influenced when he quits his country, that of the cli mate in which he is to live is not the least important. Now, the Uruguay, extending as it does between the 30 deg. and 35 deg. of south latitude, enjoys a climate fully equal to that of the south of Europe ; one to which all constitutions accommodate themselves. This is a climate which appears to be most adapted to man, placed be tween the sun of the tropics and the ices of the poles, partaking equally of cold and heat, both of a moderate degree, the inhabitants of the temperate zone acquire greater vigour than those of any other, and generally reach to an age rarely attained in other countries. The sky is clear and pure ; its sun does not produce fevers, nor its dew diseases. In the air there is no dampness, nor in the atmosphere putrid miasmata. Both pesti lences and epidemics are unknown. The soil is dry, but innumerable rivulets, limpid and clear as crystal, tra verse it, flowing into numerous and deep rivers. The hills are covered with verdure, and the mountains are picturesque ; the plains fertile, and the meadows ever green. In so many natural beauties beings to enjoy them alone are wanting. Men there are not to avail themselves of a soil which God has created so rich—a country so bountifully endowed. "But the climate is not the sole object of the intended emigrant's inquiries. The merchant, the mechanic, the agriculturist, and even the miner, will find in this rich territory a vast field for the exercise of their industry. To commerce Monte Video offers a superb emporium. The port is secure and commodious, and promises to be made much better still by the industry of man. Steam navigation, which is about to be commenced in the river Uruguay, will considerably facilitate the conveyance of merchandise and communication with the interior, which offers a vast market for foreign goods and manufactures ; 1 and, when the projected railways (the construction of which appears to be assured by the general peace now reigning, and the resources of the country), are carried into effect, the increase which will accrue to commerce through the activity and rapidity of its circulation will be incalculable. "The miner will likewise be enabled to exercise 'his art here. Rich mines of various metals exist ; of many there are indubitable symptoms, and of others some of the produce has already been extracted. Of silver prin cipally there appears to be an abundance, which will probably exceed all the calculations which can be formed; and, if the gold is in smaller quantity, it cannot be doubted that it will amply compensate the labour of extracting it. These mines, however, have not as yet been properly ex plored, Various causes have contributed to this ; but, above all, the scarcity of labour and the riches which the soil presents at its surface. Thus, then, the inhabitants of the - Uruguay have not hitherto felt the necessity of searching for hidden riches. The produce of the surface, very far from being exhausted, are still in a great mea sure lost through there being no one to profit by it, and consequently search is not made in the centre of the earth for that, the want of which is not felt. The exist ence of these mines is more than ascertained ; and, from what is already known of their richness, it may be with certainty inferred that the metallic veins are not very deep, and that the extraction of the ore does not presen obstacles to overcome which will not give ample remu neration. Their exploration will, at all events, be lucra• tive, and may well tempt industrious spirits. "Above all, however, the farmer who establishes him self on this most f er til e soil will reap more abundant fruits with less labour. He will require to do little more than scatter the seeds on the ground, and see them spring up and bear fruit. The products of the Uruguay are the same as those of the south of Europe. Here the same most luscious fruits are found. There the same rich golden crops are seen to wave in the breeze. All that is produced in the temperate climate of Europe grows here to perfection : maize, rye, wheat, every description of grain the cu lti va ti on o f which is familiar to Europeans, and even•tobacco, can be cultivated there with advan tage. The settlers have applied themselves especially to the cultivation of wheat, and most abundant harvests have rewarded their labours. The climate and soil ap pear expressly adapted to this description of cultivation, and the yield is prodigious. The success obtained in this cultivation has already attracted, as could not but happen, a great number of strangers, and in the depart ment of Canelones alone 4,400 alqueires (about 2,200 quarters) of wheat were sown in this year. Such flatter ing results have crowned the experiments lately made, that the Uruguay will soon supply foreign markets with grain, instead of importing it from Chili and the United States, as it has hitherto done, for want of labourers to till the fields. " It is not sufficient, however, for the foreign settler to know that the soil is fertile ; he must also be assured that the soil will be granted to him, that he shall have lands to cultivate ; on this point he will also be satisfied according to his wishes. There are in the country most extensive plains which only require to have seeds thrown on them in order to yield crops ; and others which, if would be then,convertedhasnot itnhteo beautiful ground were a b sl l i e gh la t n ly ds t . urn m ed e up, settler, only the certainty of finding land as much as he can cul tivate, but he can even choose that which appears most fertile and most adapted to the species of cultivation to which he intends to devote himself. All this land will be granted to him on the sole condition that he cultivates it, and compels it to yi e ld crop s. not an exorbitant one. "Besides the cultiva tion of grain, This the price is surely Uruguay is likewise excellently adapted for a grazing country. Ever green pastures of almost unlimited extent provide con - Uruq stant and nutritive food for cattle, and in r ivers and feel. brooks they can at every moment slake the thirst they " The abundance of the pasturage is such that it dis penses with the greater part of the care which this article requires in other countries. The cattle are bred wild in the plains ; are almost entirely under their own control, and multiply to an extraordinary extent with scarcely any human supervision. This is the easiest branch of industry, and therefore that which pleases the Oriental citizen best, so that prodigious herds are met with which form the principal wealth of the landed proprietor. Thus hides and dry flesh are the articles exported in the largest quantities, and with which all the markets in the world are supplied from hence. Cattle and horses are the most numerous, and their breeding the most general ; but there are likewise flocks of sheep, and the merinoes , principally begin to deserve special care. " The settler, then, by thus uniting the cultivation of his land with the breeding of his cattle, can assure his welfare in a manner of which in his own country he would not hay, dared to dream. " In saying that any one can obtain for himself gra:- tuitously a title to the land which he chooses to culti vate, it appears that I have said all. In truth an offer of this nature involves the grea t es t p ro t e ction which can be given. The Government knows very well the ccir cumstances or the country--it knows that the prod uctive powers of the soil are great, but that it requires labour to bring them out ; it knows that agriculture is the primary fount of all wealth, but that it requires men to dedicate themselves to it ; it knows that its territory com prises a considerable extent, b u t th a t entire regions are unpeopled ; finally, the Government knows, then, that it is its duty to att rac t em i gra ti on t o the state, and that the sole way of doing so is to encourage settlers, and bestow on. them all possible advantages." Axon:rem DExsz FOG.—Yesterday morning the me tropolis and suburbs were enveloped in a dense yellow fog, the wind at the time blowing south-east. The fog was so thick during the morning on the river that the steamers were prevented from running, and near the bridges the drivers , of vehicles were compelled to lead their horses. It wa 3 also so dark in the City, and for some miles round, thr bt the places of public worship were obliged to be lighted up. At three o'clock in the after noon the fog cleared ( [AnvEnnsEmzNT.]- —The Earl of Aldborough and Holloway's Pills. —A: a astounding cur e by this miracu lous medicine, after e• very other means had f a iled. —See extract from his lordsl l ip's letter, dated " Messina, • Leghorn, Feb. 21, 18 45. -To Professo r Holloway.—Sir —I beg cure of a disorder in . my liver and stomach, which allthe to acquaint you that your pills have effected a most eminent of thi faculty at home and all over the Continent had not' aeen able to effect—nay, not even the waters of Carlsb: 1d or Marienbad. (Si ALD BOROUGH." Thes e wonderful pills will cure any dis orders of the liver or stomach. Sold (also Uolloway's ointment) at Prof( ,sor Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand, London, r k-nd by all medicine vendor! out r! thr out the world. GENERAL BROTHERTON AND MR. COBDEN. General Brotherton has thus handsomely terminated the very petty quarrel between himself and Mr. Cob den : "Travellers' Club, Feb. 3, 1853. " sir,—l have this day received your reply to my lel ter of the 29th ult. "As my whole object in taking up your challenge was to test your sincerity, which I have now done, I therefore decline to accept your bond. But, of course, I, nevertheless, still hold myself bound strictly to per form my part of the agreement--viz., the payment of the weekly subscription to the Manchester Infirmary, and I have accordingly directed my solicitor to wait upon yours, and give him all the satisfactory security he may require for the due payment of this subscription, from this day henceforth, which, believe me, 1 shall always feel gratified in p a yi ng i n support o f such a benevolent institution, and to which I shall add a do nation of 51., transmitted to the treasurer.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, " To Richard Cobden, Esq." " T. W. BROTHERTON. EXTRAORDINARY WAGERS. Apropos of Cobden's warrer, the Observer says :—" We have in our mind s a greatb many such " bubble bets," that have come to nothing, and all without the aid of dramatic incident or effect. Instances are numerous enough of such extravagant and hasteless wagers, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. There is one at hand, so apt and appropriate, that we shall quote it here entire—the more so, as it is not entirely foreign from the question at issue, and that it reproduces, in the language of the learned Chief Justice Lord Ellenbo rough, who was moved for a new- trial, the some what apposite statement that in these days French in vasions were annually threatened, and were depre cated weekly in every church. In spite of all the terrors that are daily endured by timid or sanguine people, we are not come to that yet. We are not yet past praying for. Indeed, we have heard of no church—nor even a Quaker meeting-house—where the invasion is deprecated every week. The chances of war and peace are now discussed in the United Service Clubs—not in the churches or the conventicler. And yet, in the remark able case which we select out of many—and which is here subjoined—the parties to the suit are a well-known sporting baronet (of Yorkshire, too), Sir Mark M. Sykes, Sire of Sir Tatton Sykes we believe—and a clergy man, the Rev. Mr. Gilbert, who, in spite of the weekly praying in churches, had no hesitation in standing to win upon the continued existence of the daring Emperor of the French, Napoleon the First and Fastest. The following is an accurate abstract of the case, which will not be read without interest in the present day. The time is 1812, and the scene the York As sizes, and the Court of King's Bench, at Westminster. Before proceeding any further, however, it is but fair to inform the reader that General Brotherton has declined to "take the odds," as will be seen by his last letter, also subjoined ; and that, therefore, the affair, as regards the parties, is virtually at an end. The moral of the case, however, remains the same, and is held to bear out these observations : "ABB ON A BET.—GILBERT v. SYKES.-At the York Assizes in March, a trial came on, in which the Rev. B. Gilbert was plaintiff; and Sir Mark M. Sykes, Bart., defendant. It appeared that the baronet, at his own table, in a dinner-party, during a conversation re specting the hazard to which the life of Bonaparte was exposed, had offered, upon the receipt of 100 guineas to !AY a guinea a day as long as he should remain alive. Mr. Gilbert suddenly took up the offer; but finding that the sense of the company was against making a serious matter of a bet proposed at a moment of conviviality, he said, If you will submit, Sir Mark, to ask it as a fa vour, you may be off.' This the baronet refused to do ; the 100 guineas were sent by Mr. G., of' which Sir M. acknowledged the receipt, and he had continued paying the guinea a-day for nearly three y'ears. At length he declined further payment, and this action was for the recovery of the sum still due upon the contract. "Mr. Topping, for the defendant, contended, first, that there was no serious intention of betting on the part of Sir M. Sykes, but that he was surprised by the hasty acceptance of the offer by the clergyman. He then, on the supposition that it was regarded as a real bet, advanced an argument, that Mr. Gilbert, having this a beneficial interest in the life of Bonaparte, might be induced, in case of his invading this island, to use means for protecting from personal danger an inveterate enemy of his country. "The judge, after stating the evidence to the jury, with his observations, left them to decide the fact, whether there was an intention of betting on the part of Sir M. Sykes, and reserving the point of law. The jury returned a verdict for the defendant. " On 16th April the case was brought before the King's Bench, where Mr. Park moved for a rule to show cause why the verdict for the defendant should not be set aside, and anew trial granted, the verdict having been found against all the evidence produced. He recapitulated the circumstances of the transaction, and said that Baron Thompson, in his charge to the jury, had treated the contract rather as annuity than a wager, and, however hastily it had been adopted by the plaintiff, put it to them whether it had not been per sisted in by the defendant. It was no wager that Bona parte would come to his end by -violent means. " Lord Ellenborough, in granting the rule, said that he was very sorry this question should come to be argued in a court of law ; but unless there was in the nature of the bet anything of an immoral or impolitic tendency, it was a legal contract, and must be supported. He would not declare what relief might be obtained elsewhere under all the circumstances, but as the defendant went on paying for three years, the fact of the contract seemed to be clearly established, and the jury had certainly gone beyond their province in finding for the defendant. " The case was again brought under consideration before the Court of King's Bench on .Tune 11 and 15. After the counsel had held their arguments respect ing the nature of the contract, and the interest of the parties in the event which was its subject. Lord Ellenborough said, that although the Court might differ as to the grounds of their opinion, they all con curred that no new trial ought to be granted in this case. The objection to this wager was its tendency to produce public mischief. At a time when the enemy's threats of invasion were annual, and deprecated weekly in every church, could it be said, that in the event of Bonaparte's landing, the interest of 365 guineas per annum to preserve his life was too remote ? Besides, one great object of the nation ought to be to obviate the suspicion of attempting the assassination of Bona parte, with which it had (he hoped unjustly) been charged ; and to prevent a war of assassination, with which any attempt of that kind would not fail to be re venged. He could not say that the verdict for the de fendant was proper on the ground that the bet was not deliberately entered into ; but looking into all the cir cumstances of the conversation upon which this contract was founded, and the contract itself, he thought the rule for a new trial ought to be discharged. " The other three judges delivered a similar opinion, and the rule was accordingly discharged." POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE.—The case of Doyle, who was reported to have been killed by Thomas Golden Vaile, the chief mate of the Pekin, again came on for hearing, on Saturday last. Captain Whitby who was a consider able time under examination, made additions to the depositions which he had made previously to the issue of the warrant for the apprehension of the accused. He said—On the day before Doyle's death all hands were ordered aloft, and he alone refused to go up. I remember him asking for water in his own language of cation nly (her ly.) wTs d w i hh d eei ca n hr d o t eog eenu t h aca t e l lhhpye p his countrymen, b u t I did not see any g i ven to him. I f ri ‘ s v o i t n n e e r s s s e t s ri k s e p o h k i e m m at o s a t l . em a m l d hi a o n d c a e r re smalla s w ed h e n h w o t got t o h t s tf pimplera o n m d in In g n y n t h m h e i e s d a i p e n p i y n l e i p i ha g° ti i c e I e chest. It gradually got worse, till he lost, or pretended that he lost, the sight of it altogether. I had seen him at work during the forenoon of the day before he died. The Lord Mayor—Did he appear lame ? Witness—l saw no difference in him. He was lame ; he was clubfooted in both feet. He came down the rig ging of his own accord, and made no' complaint to me whatever. He stood by the gangway for some time, and then lay down and rolled himself across the main hatch grating to leeward of the vessel. The Lord Mayor —Are you aware of any injury done to Doyle ? Witness—None whatever. It was I that called the prisoner's attention to Doyle, as he was going up the rigging. Vaile then took a piece of small line, and went and passed the line round the shroud and Doyle's body, and fastened it behind. He then eanuruoputnehdde ewu rigging to the poop, leaving Doyle tied to the rigging. Doyle began to unloose himself, when the prisoner went up and untied him, or cut him adrift altogether. The prisoner had not a piece of wood in the rigging, and I was in a position to see everything that took place be tween Doyle and him in the rigging. It is not true that Doyle fell on the deck from the rigging. If he had fallen I from the riggin g he must have fallen overboard. He sat himself down when he came down from the rigging, an d then rolled himself over the mainhatch grating, and he remained under the foresail from after twelve o'clock till seven or eight in the evening. Mr. Mullins--What is the character of the prisoner for humanity ? Witness—He is a man of the greatest humanity. Joe (one of the crew), whose evidence was given upon the first examination, repeated the statement he had on that occasion. He said, upon his c ross-examination by Mr. Mullins —I saw the prisoner strike the deceased three times in the rigging with a rope. Doyle fell from the rigging on the deck. I saw the prisoner beat Doyle on the deck once with a piece of wood. The Lord 'Mayor—Was it by accident he fell clown? Witness—No. He fell from the striking by the pri soner. The rope with which he beat Doyle was a large rope. He struck Doyle in the rigging with the wood alone, but with the rope when he fell upon the deck. Mr. F. S. Conryn, second mate of the Pekin, was next sworn. He believed Doyle's death to have been a natural death. Mr. Mullins submitted that it was quite impossible that any jury on oath could say his client was the cause of the death of Henry Doyle. The Lord Mayor said the case was of too serious a nature for him to decide upon without examination of the evidence. It was most important to the public and to the prisoner that an adjournment should take place, and his lordship accordingly appointed Wednesday for giving his decision. SOUTHWARK.—Mr William, Tritton, treasurer of "the Codgers" Friendly Society, held at his houie, the Dog and Still public-house. Earl-street, London-Road, was summoned before Mr. Combe, to show cause why he refused to pay John Farringdon, a sick member of the society, 9s per week, and why he was unlawfully scratched off the books. Mr. Solomons appeared for the complainant, and Mr. Binns for the defendant and the other members of the society. It appeared from the statement of complainant that he became a member of the society eight years ago, and married a year afterwards. He became sick after that, and had frequently been on the sick fund since. On the 12th of November he went into St. Bartholomew's Hos pital, when he sent a declaration on the funds to the steward, and remained in the hospital until the 30th of the same month. When he came out he received his sick money until Christmas last, and since then they had not only refused to continue the pay, but had scratched him from the society. The complainant now sought to be paid the arrears, and to be reinstated. In his cross-examination by Mr. Binns, the complain ant acknowledged that he had told falsehoods to one of the stewards who visited him after he quitted the hos pital. He said he was visited by a Dr. Diamond, of Burton-crescent, whereas no such person attended him. By that false assertion he obtained the sick-pay for three weeks, up to Christmas. Mr. Combe asked what Mr. Binns called a Codger Mr. Binns—Why, a Codger, your worship, is a man, en my friend Binns is a Codger, for whosavesmi‘ir. Solomons—Then his o m ns o — ne T y h . he saves his money. (Laughter.) Mr. Combe said that the complainant bad certainly deceived the Codgers by his falsehood, and not giving a proper certificate for three weeks. He should, there fore, dismiss the summons, which renders the complain. ant not entitled to any claims on the society. It was stated that he had received more than 501. for sickness, and had not paid in 41. HUNTING APPOINTMENTS. STAG HOUNDS. Her Majesty's —Tuesday, Stoke-common ; Friday, New Lodge—at half-past eleven. Cheltenham Tuesday, Garrick's-house ; Friday, Beckford Inn—at twelve. Baron Rothschild's—Thursday, Mentmore—at eleven, FOX HOUNDS. Albrighton—Tuesday, Hem-gate ; Thursday, Ran ton ; Saturday, Chillington—at eleven. Bedale—Thursday, York-gate ; Saturday, Cowgate station—at half-past ten. Old BerkshireL-Tuesday, Kingston Bagpaze ; Friday, Goosey Green—at half-past ten. - Cambridgeshire—Friday, Ickwell Green—at half past ten. Carmarthenshire--Tuesday, Cwndriad, near Cornail ; Friday, Llandissillis—at ten. Cheshire—Tuesday, Peeover ; Thursday, Arley ; Sa turday, Peckforton—at half-past ten.l Cleveland—Thursday, Court-green, at half-past ten. Mr. Colyers's —Tuesday, Timbard en ; Thursday, Bates wood ; Saturday, Royal Oak, Wrotham—at half-past ten. North Devon—Thursday, Yard-down—at half-pasl ten. South Devon—Thursday, Force's-cross—at eleven. Mr. Drake's—Tuesday, Weston Pea-pitts ; Thursday, Edgcott-village ; Saturday, Souldern-gate—at a quarter to eleven. Lord Elcho's—Tuesday, Roddam ; Friday, Swinton• mill-toll ; Saturday, Riffington—at half-past ten. F. B.—Friday, Laydock-wood—at ten. Mr. Farse's—Friday, Ashreigny-village—at half-past ten. Mr. Garth's—Thursday, Holdshot-mill ; Friday, Hart. ford-bridge-flat—at half-past ten. Gwrtheyra—Tuesday, Horeb ; Saturday, Trociwaw (Llangder)—at ten. Hambledon Thursday, Wickham-gate ; Friday, Upham-pond--at a quarter to eleven. H.H.— Tuesday, Brandean-common ; Thursday, Illis field Church ; Saturday, Upton-gray—at a quarter to eleven. Heythrop —Wednesday, Sturdy's Castle ; Friday, Little Rissington ; Saturday, Dean Cross-roads—at half-past ten. Hursley—Friday, Cranbury-park—at a quarter to eleven. Mr. Lowndes's—Tuesday, Furzen-field ; Saturday, Winslow—at eleven. Mr. Luxton's —Tuesday, Kingsymptom ; Friday, Tawbridge— at half-past ten. Mr. Marshall's—Thursday, Bradworthy Village—at eleven. Mr. Morgan's—Thursday, Long-cross—at half-past ten. New Forest—Tuesday, Moyles-court ; Fri da y , Ken nel—at eleven. Mr. Newton's—Thursday, Gribble Ford-bridge—at ten. South Oxfordshire—Friday, Stow-wood. Pembroke—Tuesday, Melleston Cross-roads ; Friday, Amroth Castle. Pembrokeshire--Thursday, Stepaside-bridge—at ten. Puckeridge—Thursday, Chrishal-grange ; Saturday, Ardeleyißury—at half-past ten. Sir H. Seale's—Tuesday, Burlestone-wood ; Friday, Hardham. Shropshire—Thurdsay, Lutwyehe—at hall-past ten. Simington—Tuesday, Helmsley ; Friday, Simington —at ten. Somerset and Wilts—Tuesday, Viaduct-Inn ; Friday, Lower-wood—at half-past ten. Lord Southampton's—Tuesday, Cowper's Oak ; Fri day Astwell-mill ; Saturday, Bucknells-wood—at eleven. North Staffordshire—Tuesday, Chipnal-wood ; Fri day, Stallington—at half-past ten. Mr. Lee Steere's—Thursday, Shillingbee-park--at eleven. Surrey Union—Wednesday, Hazle-hall ; Saturday, Woodbridge—at half-past ten. Tivyside—Thursday, Llingwawr—athalf-past ten. Tredegar—Wednesday, laurunny-lodge; Friday, Ebbw-bridge—at half-past eleven. Mr. Trelawny's— Tuesday, Chaddlewood West-lodge ; Saturday, Flete—at half-past ten. Mr. Trevor's—Tuesday, Redbourne-common ; Friday, Datchworth—at half-past ten. Mr. Vaughan's—Thursday, Dihewi4d—at eleven. Vine—Wednesday, The Furze-bush ; Saturday, Old Basing—at a quarter to eleven. Wheatland—Tuesday, Spoonbill ; Friday, Oldbury— at half-past ten. Mr. Wbeble's—Tuesday, Compton ; Thursday, Beech hill ; Saturday, the Plough, Shiplake—at eleven. South Wilts—Wednesday, Deptford-inn—at eleven. Wyeside—Wednesday, Velinvach. Colonel Wyndham's—Wednesday, Fitzhall ; Friday, Stanstead-avenue--at half-past eleven. Sir W. W. Wynn's—Wednesday, Brynypks ; Friday, Wynnstay ; Saturday, Green Dragon. York and Ainsty—Tuesday, Streethouses ; Thursday Copgrove ; Saturday, Linton—at half-past ten. SCOTCH. Duke of Buccleuch's—Tuesday, Drinkston ; Thursday, the Hirsel ; Saturday, Edden-hall--at half-past ten. Lanarkshire and Renfrewshire— Tuesday, Blair; Sa turday, Broadfield—at a quarter to eleven. Linlithgow and Stirlingshire—Tuesday, Barr-hill ; Thursday, Ingliston-gate ; Saturday, Armadale Toll-bar —at a quarter to eleven. HARRIERS. Aikshaw—Thursday, Wrath ; Saturday, Dundraw. Aikton—Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Orton School- house—at nine. Lord Bolton's—Tuesday, West Bolton ; Saturday, Leyburn—at eleven. Bronwydd—Wednesday, Penyrherbert ; Saturday, Glanyravon—at eleven. Cardigan—Tuesday, New Mill ; Friday, Lantood—at eleven. Carlise—Tuesday, Wreay ; Friday, Dalston—at ten. Craven—Thursday, Gill Church ; Friday, Craven Heifer—at eleven. Mr. Deacon's—Wednesday, Goodameavery-house ; Saturday, White , hurch Down—at ten. Dulverton—Friday, Mountsey-hill—at half-past ten. Edmont—Wednesday, Winderwath ; Saturday, Pack Horse, Plumpton—at half-past ten. Harrogate—Wednesday, Burnt Gates; Saturday, Sal tergate-hill—at half-past ten. High Peake—Tuesday, Wingstone Turnpike Gate; Thursday, Moneyhash ; Saturday, Newhaven—at eleven. Mr. Hildyard's—Friday, Acklam Blue Bell—at half past ten. Captain H. Lewis's—Tuesday, Sigston ; Thursday, Morton Bridge ; Saturday, Northallerton— at eleven. Lord Lonsdale's—Friday, Wendover—at eleven. West Norfolk—Wednesday, West Dereham (a deer) —at eleven. Mr. Okeover's—Tuesday, Ballidon ; Friday, Water houses—at eleven. Tunbridge Wells--Thursday, Cooke's Corner—at half-past ten. Mr. E. Williams's—Tuesday, Beer Aletone Down, Devon ; Friday, Ashland Village, near St. Dominick — at half-past ten. OVERFLOW OF THE GARONNE.—Recent heavy rains, combined with the melting of the snow in the mountains, have caused the Garonne to overflow its banks at Preig nac, Barsac, Podensac, and some other communes ; but instead of doing damage, the inundations of the Garonne are advantageous, as, like those of the Nile, they leave behind them a quantity of slime which possesses eminent fertilising qualities. The hay of Preignac, Barsac, and Podensac in particular, is noted as specially excellent on that account. At Bordeaux there have of late been such high tides that the quays have been under water, and the employes of the octroi and customs have been obliged to leave their offices. - - - - —•-- - UNCLE Ton's CABIN.—The celebrated Uncle Tom is continuing his course through the world. It is known in Russia by a French translation, most negligently done, the writer, who is however a man of talent, appearing only anxious to be first in the field. The work has great success in Russia, and the police do not interfere with it. It so happens that in Russia at present enfranchisement is quite the order of the day, and no one can better pay court in high quarters than by appearing a good uncle, for, strange enough, the term uncle, brought into fashion by the Ainricans, is also perfectly Russian, and em ployed in the same sense of familiarity and affection. Although' no formal authorisation has been given to ad mit the work, yet it is not interdicted. At first, when only a few copies had arrived, they were passed about with the utmost regularity from one part of the city to the other, the station for each reader being fixed at two hours, and not a moment longer. Hence the aristocra c y of Moscow actually read the work bit b y bi t, as they could best manage to obtain it. At p resent, thousands of copies are in circulation both here and at St. Peters burg. A - translation into Russian by an eminent writer is about to appear by the authorisation of the G r vern- MeAt." STATE OF TRADE. (From the Manchester Guardian of Saturday. ) MANCHESTER, FRIDAY.—That we have a demand filly equal to the supply, both in yarns at large and in most descriptions of cloth except domestics, is evident f rom the fact of the productio n h av i ng b een f or a considerable time back more or less pre-engaged. It is natural, therefore, that prices should have been recovering of late from the reaction which followed the last merely spe culative rise, and followed it (as usually happens in such cases) with a force that carried the reduction somewhat further than was required by the existing proportion between supply and demand. During the last three weeks our market exhibited a gradual upward tendency. The American circulars, with their reduced estimates, produced little effect ; yet, by the end of last week, sel lers had succeeded in quietly realising an average ad vance of /d. per lb. During this time, the Liverpool cotton market was keeping a head of yarns in the same course. At the beginning of this week, however, the appli ances referred to seemed likely to prove more effective. We were advised of a falling off of 18,000 bales in the week's receipts, and of an active state of business at New Orleans and Mobile, with a rise of ic. to c. per lb. in the quotations at New York. The Liverpool market became rather excited on Monday, when the sales were 10,000 bales, and an additional Ad. per lb. was asked, and in some instances paid. A similar impulse was im parted to our own market. Spinners demanded at least another id. per lb.; and the makers of shirtings and printing cloths made a corresponding requirement. This was too much for the buyers, who could neither see any reason for the reduced estimates of the crop on the other side of the Atlantic, nor forget the issue of that fic titious rise on this side which terminated at the close of October; and, therefore, although willing to pay the ad vance which they had hesitated about giving a few days before, they were not disposed to fall in with this further enhancement of terms; so that the business of Tuesday was effected at rates little if at all exceeding the highest named by sellers o n S atur d ay l ast, which was the dearest day in the week. GLASGOW, FRIDAY.—EarIy in the week our cotton market was firm, and a good business done at an advance of id. per lb. on the prices of Friday last. Latterly, there has been less doing, and the market closes without animation at last week's rates. HUDDERSFIELD, TUESDAY — Business to-day has been brisk in the cloth hall. Goods of any kind of low make meet with ready purchasers, at about medium prices, perhaps scarcely as remunerative as the manufacturers would wish, considering that raw materials are on an ad vance of price. Stocks are kept extremely low, and some good order have been given, mostly in low quali ties. On the whole, a very good trade is being done throughout the district. Most of the shipping houses have been very busy during the week. BRADFORD, THURSD Y.—WOOLS —The past week has been one of careful inquiry and watching among the spinners, but their purchases have been exceedingly limited. The prices sought are a complete barrier to business, and the whole trade seems to watch the opening of the wool sales, fixed for the tenth, in London, with more than ordinary interest. The increased rate of dis count and uncertainty of large buying for foreign account, with a large quantity offering, gives, and properly so, a strong feeling of caution to those r equ i r i ng colonial wools.' In mohair, alpaca, and English wool, the supply is far short of the quantity held twelve months ago, an with out a very close curtailing of the spindles, there is but little if any hope of any ease in price this side of clip day. Yarns—The great difference in the cost of yarns is now acting as a drawback with the manufacturers for Lanca shire; and as they are usually dull in Jan. and Feb. they are disinclined to buy at the present prices, until they are compelled, by having used up old contracts, or getting orders to justify them. The same applies also with our manufacturers for this market, and it is too early for the shippers to buy for Germany or Russia; yet, notwith standing this, there is no accumulation of stocks, bnt a general complaining of the bad return of bobbins, and ir regularity in the working of the machinery. Prices for all continue without change. It is just 28 years this day since the last demonstration was made in honour ofßishopßlaize: that was certainly a very imposing scene, but since then the progression has been great to substitute the doings of the good old patron saint ; and despite the great in crease of the worsted trade, we now doubt whether there are twice the number of hand-combers than at the period of the last great show. Pieces—There is a good deal of inquiry for something new, and all are anxious for fresh novelties for the season drawing on. Circassians and mixtures are still the favourites ; the cost at which they are now made deters the merchants from ordering freely, but so great has the advance been on twofold warps, bright-haired wool, alpaca and mo hair, that great difficulties are before the manufacturers to cover cost, and this class are not freely made. In other goods thereis no change.—Bmdford Observer. NOTTINGHAM, THURSDAY. —There is not much alters-, tion for the better in the lace trade ; at least, not so much as we anticipated by this time. However, the period is rapidly approaching when a further improve ment may reasonably be expected. The hosiery trade is s till good, and of it no just complaint need be made. There is not any alteration in the price of yarn.— Nottingham Journal. FRENCH 19 .ND We have endeavoured, with all possible impar tiality, to obtain trustwo r th y i n f ormation on -the subject : and having received the French naval estimates for the year 1854, submitted by the Government to the Council of State but not yet published, or even adopted, we think it will be a relief to our countrymen to be able to corn ' pare them with the naval expenditure of the ' current year, and of the last year of the reign of Louis Philippe. The estimates appear to us wholly to negative the idea of great preparations on the part of France—for though they show an increase upon 1853, the increase is not great—not a quarter so great as the increase of our own naval estimates —and we are solemnly assured by men of high station in France that, such as it is, the increase is the consequence (instead of being the cause) of the naval preparations of England. The French naval budget for 1854 slightly exceeds that for 1853; viz., by 3,814,054 francs (152,5621. sterling) ; but that it is still 16,046,865 francs (641,8741. sterling) below the naval expenditure of 1848. The French naval expenditure has been as follows : Francs. £ sterling Naval expenditure of 1848 ... r 115,679,720 or 4,627,188 Do. do. 1853 95,818,801 or 3,832,752 Estimates for 1854 —. 99,632,855 or 3,985,314 Now what is the naval expenditure of England ? In the year ended Jan. 5, 1852, it was 5,849,9161. Last April Mr. Disraeli stated the naval estima cs for the coming year at 6,493,0001. And in his finan cial statement of Dec. 3 he announced an increase of 600,0001. in those estimates. We believe these amounts include the cost of the Post-office packet service, which (if we recolle c t r i g ht) i s something like 600,0001. or 700,0001.; but it must be borne in mind that a considerable number of the ocean steam-packets are capable of being used as ships of war, and are subsidised by the Government with the avowed intention that they should be so used. Moreover part of the Ordnance expenditure belongs to the naval department ; so that we believe the navy estimates may safely be taken at the full amount given under that head for the year, and even beyond it. There was a gradual and im portant reduction in the Navy expenditure from 1847 to 1851, but since that time there has been a very rapid increase : Navy expenditure for 1847 1848 1849 PP 1850 1851 Then came the turn, when an alarm sprung up of possible invasion ; and the following are the results : Navy expenditure for 1851 ...... £5,849,916 SP 1852 6,493,000 SP 1853 Now it will be seen that the expenditure on the English navy very far exceeds that on the French ; and that the recent augmentation in the former very far exceeds the recent augmentation in the latter. ENGLISH AND FRENCH NAVAL EXPENDITURE. ENGLISH. i PRENCH. Years. £ Years. £ 1848 7,922,286 1848 1851 1852 6,493,000 I 1 854 1853 The proportions of the expenditure (looking at the latest estimates for each country) are as 56 for France to 100 for England. And whilst France has made an addition of 152,562/. to her naval expenditure, England made an addition of 643,084/. for 1852, and of an additional 600,0001. for 1853. Then, as to the number of seamen in the respective navies, it is 42,000 in the English and 22,000 in the French. In the month of December, 5,000 were added to the number of our seamen, and 1,500 to our marines. The augmentation of the navy then, we believe, has been immensely greater on the side of England than on the side of France. On the whole, we see not the shadow of a proba bility of an invasion ; and we are persuaded that Mr. Cobden's 10,0001., to be paid to General Brotherton on an invasion, is as safe as any money in any part of the United Kingdom.—Leeds Mercury. LEEDS, BRADFORD, AND HALIFAX JUNCTION RAIL WAY.—The report submitted at the general meeting of this company, held in Bradford on Saturday, is very brief, and to the following effect : " Your directors have to report satisfactory progress in the construction of the line. The long continuance of wet weather will, however, it is calculated, cause a little more delay than was pre viously anticipated. Your directors are now prosecut ing the application to Parliament for powers to enable them to construct the proposed coal branches, the plan s and sections for which have been duly deposited, and the standing orders of Parliament complied with." The statement of accounts to the 31st December shows the total receipts to be 31,1361. 14s. 2d., and the payments 14,310/. Os. 6d., leaving a balance in hand of 17,826/. 13s. Bd. The principal items among the payments are Parliamentary expenses, 9,7611. 11s. ; Mr. Hawk shaw for engineering, 450 t. ; and contractor on account of making the line, 8,877 10s. - COUNTRY MARKETS. f DALKEITH, FEB. 3.—The ,,,, relative weight P" lb, b bushels of the three prices of wheat were 18st 1 1 b , 17st 1,, . and l6st 101 b. Oats, 13st 31b, 12st 31b, and Ost 131° Barley, 16st 61b, 15st 61b, and 14st 91b. Peas and eaus, 19st (Jib, 19st 21b, and 17st 71b. , r ior• Qrs. Best. C urren t. InA f .:" Q 0 456 Wheat........... £2 8 6 £2 4 0 £ 1 - -"" 4 68 Barley. 1,441 Oats ......... ..... 1 13 9 2 4 019 7 3 0 0 13 i 5 6 91 Peas and beans 116 0 1 1 15 0 1 1 10 0 Average of wheat, 21. 3s llid. HADDINGTON, FEB. 4.—T of grain at orr market to-day 'he following aro the PO WHEAT. BARLEY. First s2s Od :348 Od Second 4ss 7d 31s ld Third 4lB Od 24s Od Total quantity of wheat in market, barley „ oats OATS. I BEANS o c i 24s Od I 35s „ A 203 5d 31s fi Aft 7 B olt , 575 18 s qr O s d , I v :(1 ' 3 4 7 6 5 3 cqrs., , 5 34 sold 183 qrs., Ivy '"" beans - " Odt ABERDEEN, FEB. 4.—Grain—Old oats, OOs Od le y, 401hs per bushel ; new oats, 163 6(1 to 17s Od, 401b9bushel ; 28s Od 21is 0(1, 531bs per bushel ; barito 27s Od to 283 Od, 531bs per bushel • wheat, red, 4ec,a, 00s Od, 621bs per bushel; wheat, White, 52s 6(1 to 53 11; 621bs pc-7 bushel ; oatmeal, 14s 0(1 to 15s Od per ,4, flour, 39s Od. to 40s Od per sack. Provisions—Beef , Per lb 4(1 to 7d ; rauKon, ditto, 4d. to 7(1; veal, ditto, 6d t ° ,,,i; pork, per stone, 4s 0(1 to 4s 3(1 ; lamb, per lb, Od to 6 4 ; rabbits, each, 0(1 to Od; tallow, per stone, 4s Od to 45 ,, l id; potatoes, per peck; lsto is 3d ; butter, per l'o, 10(1 te u s o d to eggs, per doz, Os 9cl to Os 11(1 ; hens, per pair, 20 6(1 2s 6(1 ; chickens, ditto, is 6(1. to 2s Od ; ducks, ditto, ir'se).o, to 3s Od • ducklings, dit',A3, Os Od to Os Od tttter each, 4s dd. to 5s Od ; geess, ditto, 3s 6(1. to ls ;,,ro c i; for exportation (present cure), per cwt, 80s to ' s r ice, ditto (summer cured), 00s to OOs Od ; eggs, w h o l e sale P r g per dozen, Od to 6(1 • 41b loaf, 7(1. ; 21b loaf, Pe fine small, Os Od to ss ' 6(l; pork, large, 3s 6d to 4s ow CORK—FEB. 4. Brig. Curreue.Y.totic, White wheat 00s Od to OOs Od Os Od- 0 89 Redwheat ISs Od to 25s Od Ditto -- Ditto OOs Od to OOs Od 22s 6.1—'2,061°' OOs Od to OOs Od 96 Barley l4s 4d to 14s 8d Ditto OG. Od to OOs Od}l4s 6d.- 16 a°. Ditto OOs Od to 00s Od. 1 Bero l3s 6cl to OOs Od Os Oa 453 Oats 9s 6d to :is 10:1 de. 266 Ditto 9s 10d. to 10s Od 9s 10d 388 Ditto lOs Od to lOs 8d lirte 393 Pigs • 3os Od to 42s Od 41$ Od Pet Quantity sold at the highest prices : • 4 6 0 barrels white wheat ; 19 red ; 50 barley ; obe ' oats ; 90 pigs. Quantity of grain and number of pigs sold last wee lc 6 : so3 , Wheat, 684. Barley, 1,383. Bere, 0. Oats, Pigs, 242. _ _ PRICES OF BUTTER. CANT. CURRENCY. 6 54 First quality Second quality Third quality BBs Third quality ............... 09 . 0 Fourth quality Fifth quality 74s Fifth quality .......... ••• ifo .. -.• Sixth quality sBs Sixth quality....... Return of cattle sold for week ending Jan. 2 9 Pigs, 806. Sheep, 250. Cows, 180. 6; CORR.—Flour—First, 15s 6d to 16s 6d ; extra,. Il t i l i i (l6 seconds, 14s Od to 15s Od ; households, 10s to 13s Od ; „9(1; 7s Od to 10s per cwt. Meal—lndian meal, 8s 6d to 7 0 4 oatmeal, lls Oct to 11s6d ; wheat meal, lls to lls 6 d ,P, e roa a ` l i India corn, 8/ Os OctOd to 81 7s 6d per ton. Bran , er figei to 4117 s 6 d per ton . Hay—Farmers, 20s 0(.1 to 31s Od ; ttc'toia 30s ; dealers, 32s Oct to 44s Od ; average, Os per ton. o c i Farmers, 18s Od to 28s Od ; average, 24s ; dealers, 3° , 5 0 0 34s Od ; average, Os. per ton. B rea d—Wheaten lo af, 9,1 0 Od ; household ditto, 6d to Od per 41b.—Fresh batter,...beert lld per lb. Eggs, 6s Bd. to 6s 10d per hundred. g e3t 4(1t 4 4d to 6d ; mutton, 5d to 64(1 ; veal, 4d to 6d ; P° r :A. 0 11 10. 5(1 ; bacon, 6d to 7d; sausages, 5d per Ne",, 00; land, 111. Os to 121 Os per ton ; Scotch herrings, Red, do., 30s per brl .— Potatoes , white, 8d to 9d; p iny to 12d.—Coals, Newport, 23s ; Lydney, 00s ; C T) . 4. / Oct per ton.—Whiskey, 25 0.p., 6 Oct erial g ° OF s ( pc. imp Hides, market, 25s to 32s ; Salted, 26s to 32s per e ", t° skins, 3,id per lb.—Bangor slates 21. 17s. 6d to 3/ • r en 4 ol. r d Fleece wool, 15s to 16s per stone.—H e mp, 371. to,, clo!' ton—Timber, Memel, 31. 10s ; red pine, 3/. 10s; 31. Os. per ton ; deals, 101. to 181. per hundred. -3331 One 71. to 81. 10s. per ton.—Tallow, 47s to 48s per cwt. (w ool 71. lOs to 0/. per cwt.—Tar, Archangel, 19s. per brl. Peruvian, 101. lOs to 11/. per ton. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, FEB. 5. been 10,1 STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market to-day has --I' d . and languid ; quotations have been again redno ; s pire' rule as follows :—Aberdeen, 134 ; Birkenhead, ~.,litc i ociaj : „' and Cheshire (Chester and Birkenhead), 21# ; uWestel:i 30 ; Dublin and Belfast Junction, 1 dis. ; Great hire sD 86i ; Lancashire and Yorkshire, 76i ; 'Lane°, -- Dosu', l . Preston, Fourth Shares, issued at 41.145. dis., ; e nd and North-Western, 118 ; Manchester, Sheffield , t' r 231; coin, 29 ; Midland, 76 ; South-Eastern and 9°l ! York and North Midland, 26i. bet te rMANCHESTER, FEE. 5. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The prices were soev 3v7 sh ij i i' r e - , 1 : 11 . 0 // than on F r id ay :—Blackburn, ; East Leal -forks (0 Lancashire an d Yorkshire, 76t„. Lancashire i D gb (161. shares F), a prem. ; Manchester and Birm 23#• Quarters), 13 prem. ; South Eastern and 1:00°`-' BIRMINGHAM, F E , j r t p STOCK EXCHANGE.—Th e railway aharc: T nqX. e " g y ; very inactive thr oug h ou t th e week, ant ‘,, e s ° r ed rally declined. There have been few sellers at 1 ) , iicb prices, and there i s no p ro b a bilit y o f there 1005,0104 business done until the dividends are declared. ~;40t, the closing quotations this a ft ernoon were Anw - 18 r °'; Nottingham, and Boston, buyers 6l ; 1 0 iy verhampton, and Stour Vall e y, b u y ers 10, selleii e rbt' Midland, buyers 751 ; ditto (Birmingham and al, bsl buyers 44i, sellers 48 ; Shrewsbury and BirmiDgP 4 ers 76 . 4, sellers, 68 ; North Staffordshire, sellers ~T egt v Shrewsbury and Birmingham (London and North:.. As hir e ' Guaranteed), buyers 73, sellers 77 ; South St aflaw buyers sellers dis. BRISTOL, FEB. 5. r • STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market is much ix.- - ;i fi vio A it has been for the last few days. Bristol Stearn tion Shares were done at 50. SEABORNE MALLS. (N signifies that th e mails are sen t from th e Genera' p oi the night—and M by the morning—dispatch.] the night—and M by the D in a COUNTREES.Port Generalwhen ro .l Office, London. Dispatched . _ America (bynrit.pack.N Fob. 4 Liverpool •• • . America (by United Sts. packet) Feb. 11 Lively:tot •• • made up From what 11,1110: Feb America (by U State: , 1 4 packet) ..........N ................ SourhamPW° Australia (via South ampton) .......... M 4th of Mar c h .... Southampton Fps: 19 Ditto (via Marseilles N Bth of March Dover .• • • •• Ditto (via Cape of Good 10' 0 hope) • • •• • • • ....N 22d of February .. Plymouth • • 1 , 0. 1 6 Africa (West Coas t )..N 23 rd of the month. 013. r °X' , • Alexandria N 19th&COth of mon. Dover .• •• • psi fl 6 Belgium )ally., Dever • • •:.' F eb I 6 Brazil ............ Ai 9th co' the month ,. St .thampicl„ Feb 1 6 Buenos Ayres.. .... —Ai 9th of he month.. Soatham lt° ° yet , California .. - d & 17th of month Southall'' , °' Ire' 0 Cape of Good H o p e ..N ' d and 14th of Feb. outhaml ,4 l, 0 Cape de Verds ......N 14thof the month SeuthamPW•• rep i Constantinople* ......N 7 thl7th27thof mo. Dover .• •; •"F ~ eD•„,.. 5r u Central America. 'rtd & 17th of mon..' , Channel Isles ........ N Mon.Wed.3c.Friday southamui ° reb.,A6lw & 17th ormonth •oathrt.nn o fi.T o France .. ••• .. & Twice daily Dove. , •• •• Feb. P i Greece* .... N 7thl7th27th ofmon. Dover .. • • • • .00;. 1 0* Hambargh ..... • .....N Tuesday & Friday Condon ..• • • son- 4 1 6 , Holland• Wednesday & Sat London •• • •• .411 1 ' Honduras ........ 17th of the month. SouthemP °° pci e S v i Ireland St'N Twice daily Holyhead ••• pet. 19 .. India O rl aSoutliampt.)M 20th of the month.. Southallll , . °9 fop' India (via Marseilles) N Bth& 24th of month Dover • • • • '• India e).. (via Cape of Good r e 5 6 Mauritius .. • ..N 14th of the month.. Southamptor 54 Mediterranean (via 14th of the month., Southaml , -° fel9. „ 19 Southampton .. 20th of the month , Southamps° [rep' Ditto (via Marseilles).N •th & 24th ofmonth Dover .• •":, rep. 0 Mexico ••• • • • —3l Ind of the month. Southanild ° ,." rep. Madeira . ....... • • 3 ,1 9th&23dof the mon. SouthanMW t o • • • • Malta*. 70, 1 7th,10th,27th, Fo' l 9 • •••' • • &30th of the month Dover •• • • fell' 1 9 Napless ,N sth ibth2sthof mon. Dover •• • • • •Feb, e i Papal States*...: N 1115th25thormon. Dom • • F eb 0 Peninsula ! thlith27thofmon Southampt on r 1 1 Peru ...• ..... . Ai 2d & 17th of month • outhampt o. Feb . 1 6 Tuscany., ••N sthlsth2sthof mon, Dover .. •. Feb West Indies 2d & 17th of month .BouthstraP 4°.° Tan Diemen's Land (see Australia) . . of * The mail s to th ose countries thus mar k e d (*) a rc OSlde French packet to Marseilles. till 1'1" DIED. lip rf. On the 30th , Mary Dodd, of 8, York- 101 T 4 4, of, road, the' idow Of Major Thomas Dodd, For` recto °f •:4 On the 25th ult., at Nice, the Rev. F. ClerkNrothe Eydon, Northamptonshire, aged SG, and second dor Sir W. Clerke Bart. 0 20111513 On the 3d inst. , . at Greenwich Hospital, On the 28th ult., J .M. Stother, Esq., c°mTn— Wider' Charles R o bi nson, R.N. Jo ° aged 68. t Qn the I s t inst. at Southampton, Lieuten all of the I s t West India Regiment, aged 50. d • e , P cI );PAP On the I s t inst., at Salisbu, Charles Bro W. On the I s t inst., at Croydoncommon, Surrey' ,ch J. T sch„ . plaotoeleoyf, a q ) theH .. ome-offi C aged 81. tfou -- o war r° On the 4th inst , in the Albion-road, aged 56. yOu 1 14 LONDON : Pri n t e d and Pu bli s h e d by lar lb-1- 14°. of No. 112, Strand Printer, at The Sun G..nce cog g Strand, in th e Precinct of the Savoy in t h° - Middlesex, Monday; Fobruary-7, 1800. BIRTHS. • • I° OF A SON. Lady Cl'"f rt On the 3d i ns t., a t 16 , Mansfield-street, '-, b Russell. Airs' l On the 3d inst., at Marston-house, the Hon- Boyle. o f at OF A . te° - • On tho 4th inst , 103, DAUGHTER Eaton-square, the CO Enniskillen. . rrY, the On the 30th ult. at the Crescent, London& of Majo r Stuart, staff -officer. ilOl MARRIED. A re ' _ e On the 3d inst., at St, George's, Hanover iiloo. g ot Hon. T. M. C. Wilde, younovr son of the Righ t Ca ll Truro, to Emily, second d b aughter of Charles A.l Esq., of Balham-hill, Surrey owl a, f 9S'it On the 3d inst , at Trampington, Alfred P i o n ° i gil of St. Thomas'slstreet, London, and seconu„e, saveo 0; William Poland of Blackheath to Susanna 13 daughter of Stollen Adcock, Esq., of Cambridge' -.....'''. Trumpington.