The Sun. — London, England, 1853-04-18 00:00:00

X P I? E S EDITION. S SUN OFFICE, Eight o'Clock. TATTERSALL'S (THIS EVENING. TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS STAKES. 7 to 4 agst W. Australian. 7to 2 agst Oronoco. Bto 1 agst Barbatus. 10 to 1 agst Sittingbourne. CHESTER CUP. 25 to 1 agst Richmond. 25 to 1 agst Peggy. 20 to 1 agst St. Michael. 50 to 1 agst Sutler. DERBY. 7to I agst W. Australian. Bto 1 agst Honeywood. la to 1 agst Orestes. 20 to 1 agst Sittingbourne. 20 to 1 agst Umbriel. 20 to 1 agst Orinoco (taken). 20 to 1 agst Cineas. 20 to 1 agst Ninnyhammer. 30 to 1 agst Reiver. 30 to 1 agst Brocket. COVENTRY RACES. (THIS DAY.) (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) HANDICAP. FLAT RACE. Sleeping Partner JackLeeming. FREE HANDICAP STEEPLECHASE Gulnare Thurgart3n .... SELLING STAKES. .. : 1 2 Fawn Eccentricity Broome won the fight for championship in 2 hours and 15 minutes. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT, HOUSE OF LORDS—(THIS EVENING.) The LORD CIIANCELLOR took his seat on the woolsack shortly after five o'clock. Several petitions were presented by noble lords against the Maynooth grant. Lord J. RUSSELL said it was not his intention to pro- eed with the bill until after Whitsuntide, when he Loped the report of the committee on the Manchester and Salford Education Bilt would be laid on the table. In answer to Mr. DIVETT, Mr. WILSON said that the officers of the Mint were using every andtavour to meet the demand for small silver, lint the demand for gold coin being so great, it was impos sible for them to issue more coin. The amount of money turned out weekly was 600,000 t., a much greater amount than had ever been issued before. NEW ZEALAND COMPANY. In answer to Mr. H. BAILLIE, Sir W. MOLESWORTH said that as the papers which had been laid before the house relative to the charges which had been made against the New Zealand Company fully bore out those charges, he saw no reason for asking for a further inquiry this session. - THE BUDGET. On the motion for going into Committee of Ways and Means, Petitions were presented by Lord Hotham, Mr. Bright, Mr. Pete, Lord Dudley Stuart, for different medical socie ties ; by Lord Stanley and other honourable gentlemen, praying for an alteration of the income tax so far as it bears upon precarious incomes ; by Mr. Kershaw, from Stockport, against the taxes on knowledge ; by Mr. E wart, praying for the repeal of the duties on butter and cheese ; by Colowl Harcourt, from the Isle of Wight, against the duty on malt and bops; by Mr. Gaskell, Mr. Hume, Mr. Cobbet, and Mr. Manes, for a re peal of the certificate tax. Two house then went into committee, Mr. BOUVERIE in the chair. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER then rose and said that, although on ordinary occasions the annual exposition of the financial prospects of the country afforded abundant material of interest to this house and the country, and anxiety to the person charged with preparing that statement, on the present occasion perhaps that interest on the one hand, and certainly the anxiety on the other, was greatly increased by many circumstances, including the great number of motions which had recently been made, indicating the increased eagerness of the people respecting financial questions. The political events and shocks which had enfeebled and overthrown Administrations had made it necessary to adjourn from year to year financial ques tions of taxation. The first portion of his duty would be to lay before the committee the account of the country, and he thought he should best discharge that duty by taking up that account at the point where it had been left last year by the right honourable gentleman opposite who then presided over the finvcial department. On the 30th of April, 1852, the right lion. gentleman es timated the revenue at 51,625,0001., and in the month of December following he stated it at 52,325,0001., exhibiting an increase upon his estimate to the amount of 700,0001. The time which had since elapsed afforded evidence of a similar gratifying character, for the revenue which the right hon. gentleman had then judiciously stated at 52,325,0001., amounted, now that we had reached the termination of the year, to no less than 53,890,0001. (cheers) -• showing an increase of no less than 1,464,0001. The expenditure of the past year was estimated by the right hon. gentleman on the 30th of April at 51,163,0001., but the actual expenditure had been 50,782,0001., and consequently there remained a sur plus of revenue over expenditure of no less than 2,460,0001. But having reached that smoop and steady progress, it now became his duty to make some deductions from that sseguine estimate, which he must confess, coming from the quarter it did, excited his surprise. The increased in come was anticpated to be 2,460,0001., it was supposed that they would have that sum available for the remission of taxation. Before they arrived at that there was one cir cumstance rather material to examine. What was the es- timated amount of the expenditure for the year just commenced. When he looked at the sketch that had been drawn of it at the period to which he referred, he found it was as follows :—The expenditure for the year 1852-3 was estimated at 50,782,000/. ; but the expenditure for 1853-4, the great bulk of which had already been voted, and in the remainder of which he could anticipate no reduction, was 52,183,0001. Therefore, without going into further particulars, which he was sorry to say would occasion still further deductions from the surplus, it appeared that no less than 1,400,0001., or nearly three-fifths of the surplus was already disposed of by the charges to which the country was liable under acts of Parliament, and for the discharge of miscellaneous services which he appre hended the house would not be disposed to diminish. His right hon. predecessor had in December last estimated the total surplus of the present year at 1,600,0001., and that the only decrease in that would be a sum of 100,0001., which he proposen to apply to the light dues and to the shipping interest, and a sum of 600,0001., which he thought would suffice for the increase which he anticipated in the great resources of the country. His successors in office had not been so fortunate, nor had the house thought it right to confine the votes within that limit. He should now state how that surplus of 1,600,0001. had been swallowed up. The increase in the navy estimates amounted to no less a sum than 617,0001., and the increase in the army and commissariat to 90,0001., and they trusted that hostilities at the Cape had now reached that stage that they might consider the extraordinary war at an end, and when further provision was to be made, it should be classed under the head of ordinary expenditure. Although he rhould be obliged to submit au extraordinary vote of 200,0001., that vote would be retrospective, and there would be also a vote of 70,0001. for the commissariat, but that also might be taken as analogous to their ordinary expenditure. the increase upon the vote for ordnance as compared with last year was no less than 616,0001. The militia estimates had not yet been brought into a shape in which they could be laid upon the table, but he was sorry to say there was a large increase upon the amount at which they were taken last year. The estimates for the present year, on account of militia, could not be expected to be much lass than 530,0001. This time last year it was expected the estimates would be something like 300,0001. In all other respects the scheme for raising the militia had realised all the anticipations that had formed of it, but the increase of its expense as compared with the reckoning of the late Government would be about 230,0001. The last item in this augmentation of expense would be a sum of 100,0001., which would be added to the votes for the present year for the purposes of public education, and of the committee would be at the pain to add together the first items he had last mentioned, they would find that although the right hon. gentleman who preceeded him in office anticipated a surplus of 1,600,0001. on the financial year 1853-54, the augmentation of changes which had already been voted first, or were yet come would amount to no less a sum than 1,654,0001. As he had, however, already stated to the committee, there had been some further improvement in the revenue of the country, and he could now state that there were some few items of expenditure which the Government had been and were likely to be able to reduce. With respect to the amount of charge for packet contract service, as the item at present stood, it was most unsatis factory, but it was greatly disproportioned to the amount of benefit which the public obtained from it; but it was hoped that in the present year there would be a saving effected of something like 75,0001 (Hear, hear.) There would also be a saving upon the charge for Exchequer-bills, owing to the diminution in the rate of interest, amounting to about 65 0001. while there would be an occasional item of saving amounting to 135,0001. arising] out of the Crown land revenues which would fall due under the provisions of an existing act , and which would into the category of Ways and Means. There would also be another saving under the same head, derivable from the Metropolitan Improvements amounting to 27,0001. (Hear.) These sums would give funds to about 301,0001. He would now state to the house the items of the consolidated revenue and expenditure of the country for the ensuing year. They were as follows Charge on the funded debt 227,500,000 ~ unfunded debt ...... 304,000 Making a total of The charges on the consolidated fund would be £2,503,000 Army estimates Navy 6,235,000 Ordnance 3,053,000 Miscellaneous : Commissariat 557,000 Militia 530,000 Kaffir war 200,000 Packet service iIAYNOOTH GRANT. The Earl of WINCHESTER rose, in pursuance of notice, to move for a committee to inquire into the sys tem of education pursued at the College of Maynooth. The establishment by a Papal bull of ecclesiastical titles in this country was only a new instance of the grasping disposition of the Church of Rome, and it behoved the people and Government of this country to be on the alert that no' harm should accrue to our religious' institutions. The canon law was opposed to the civil law of nearly every country, and that was the law which the Church of Rome was endeavouring to introduce into this country. To permit the introduction of such a law would be a virtual surrender of the government of this country into the hands of the Pope, and the Go vernment would fail in their duty to the people and the so vereign of this realm by countenancing such a proceeding. It was the imperative duty of the Government to ascer tain that the system of education pursued in a college supported at the public expense should not be opposed to our Protestant institutions. [LEFT SPEAKING.] HOUSE OF COMMONS—(THIS EVENING.) The SPEAKER took the chair a few minutes before four o'clock, at which time there was a very large attendance of members. NE W MEMBER. Mr. GREENE took the oaths and his seat for Lan caster. PRIVATE BUSINESS. The following bills were read a third time and passed : Bognor Railway; Runcorn and Weston Canal Bill ; Teignmonth Harbour and Teign Navigation ; Midland Railway (Amendment of Acts, &c.) ; Scottish Central Railway. The following bills were read a second time :—Ban bridge, Dublin, Newry, and Belfast Junction Railway ; Portsmouth Railway; Ambergate, Nottingham, and Bos ton and Eastern Junction Railway (No. 1); Am bergate, Nottingham, and Boston and Eastern Junc tion Railway (Sale, &c.) (No. 2) - Ayrshire and Galloway (S m ith s t own and Dalmellington) Railway ; Crieff Junction Railway • Great Western R a il way (Hen ley) ; Great W es t ern Railway (power to run over Shrews bury and Birmingham, &c., Railways) ; Great Western, Shrewsbury and Birmingham, and Shrewsbury and Ches ter Railway Companies' Amalgamation ; Great Western, Shrewsbury and Birmingham, and Shrewsbury and Chester Railway Companies (traffic arrangement); Hereford, Ross, and Gloucester Railway ; Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal and London and North-Western Railway ; Limerick and Foynes Railway ; London and Finsbury Improve ments and Railways, &c. ; South Eastern Railway (Can terbury. and Whitstable, &c.) ; South Staffordshire Rail way ; West Cornwall Railway ; Worcester and Hereford Junction Railway ; York, Newcastle, and Berwick, York and North Midland and Leeds Northern Railway Com panies (Amalgamation, &c.) EASTERN UNION RAILWAY. -- • On the motion that this bill be read a second time, Lord A. PAGET move d th a t it b e read a second time that day six months, on the ground that the bill involved an arrangement in regard to running powers which would endanger the safety of the public. Mr. ADAIR thought that the bill should be sent to a sole committee. Mr. CAYLEY supported the bill, and complained of the arbitrary conduct of the Eastern Counties Company to wards this railway. Mr. CARDWELL said it was the ordinary practice of the house, when there was a difference of opinion upon a private bill of this kind, to send it to a committee, in order that the fullest inquiry should take place. Mr. WADDINGTON defended the conduct of the Eastern Counties Company. After a few observations from Mr. COABOLD and Mr. G. BALL; The amendment was withdrawn, and the bill was read a second time. TAUNTON ELECTION. Sir G. GREY reported that this committee had deter mined that Mr. Arthur Mills was not duly elected for Taunton ; also that bribery prevailed at the last election, but it was not proved with the knowledge or consent of Mr. Mills. NEW ROSS ELECTION. Mr. HEADLAM reported that this committee had come to the resolution that Mr. Charles (pavan Duffy was duly elected for New Rose. VOTE BY BALLOT. Mr. HENRY BERKELEY gave notice that, on the 11th of May, he would ask for leave to bring in his usual bill for taking the vote of electors by ballot. REFORM OF THE LONDON CORPORATION. Sir DE LACY EVANS asked the noble lord the mem ber for the city of London, whether, in the commission of inquiry regarding the state of the Corporation of London, there would be any objection to direct an investigation into the working of the city police acting under the corpo ration, with a view (without d eroga ti ng f rom the present excellent administration of that force) to a consideration of the advantages of consolidating the whole of the metro politan police under one management ; also, whether that commission is to be appointed by act of Parliament so as to enable it to pursue, with adequate power, its inquiries; and whether there be any objection to add to its duties a like inquiry into the corporation of the adjoining City of Westminster. Lord J. RUSSELL said there would be no objection to the 'commission of inquiry into the working of the city po lice. With regard to thesecond question, he had to state that the corporation of the city of London had expressed their willingness to give every assistance to an inquiry by com mission, and there would, therefore, be no necessity for a bill on the subject. As to the last question, he did not think it was desirable to extend the inquiry to Westmin ster. Lord D. STUART asked the noble lord the member for the City of London, whether a protest has been received by the Government of this country from the Prince of Schleswig Holstein, against the treaty of the Bth day of May, 1852, regulating the succession to the Crown of Den mark ; and, if so, whether there will be any objection to lay that document on the table of the house. Lord J. RUSSELL said that a protesthad been received but he could not say whether it could be laid on the table of the house. Making a totalestimated e x p en dit ure On the motion of Sir B. Hall, the evidence taken before of the country of the Tynemonth election committee was ordered to be The anticpated revenue was— printed . Customs £20,680,000 Mr. M. MILES asked the Secretary of the Admiralty E xc i se 14,640,000 whether in consequence of any instructions issued to Sir E z v v e ir ae zr c h l t lo al,oem ascertain in. of her Maje s ty' s s hi p C a lli ope , w ith S tam p s the fate of Mr. B en j am i n B oy d, th a t Taxes AdmrltB transmitted any report on the subject to the Income-tax the SoutA:nlconnexion with his recent cruise amongst Post-office 900,000 returned to Sa.y d slands, from which he is understood to have Crown lands 390,000 repOrt has been Sydney on the 19th Dec. last; also, whether any received from the officer in command of Miscellaneous sources of receipts . ..... 320,000 i;.rne subject ? the China station on the al( that no report had yet been re- 460,000 Old stores milted on the subject. Mr. A. WYSE asked Lord John Russell whether it was Majesty' s He ventured to anticipate a saving of 100,000/. on the Government to introduce, the intention of h r proposed exchange and redemption of stock. Adding up their estimates it would be seen that the total revenue either in this or the next s measure to abolish or reviseeten o• to alter the ;if Parliament, any amounted to a sum of 52,900,0001., against which an ex• the relief settlement and removal of the poaoNrvs relating to the penditure of 52,183,0001. had to be set off, this would present mode of raising the rate; o f th e poor, by distribming the cha r ', or show a surplus of 817,0001. Being anxious, however, not a wid er to raise undue expectations, he must inform the Committee and less variable basis, or other wis p : a e re Ye e t co r o ndly, if that of this smn2oo,ooo/. did not proceed from permanent or her Majesty's Government are not pre early legislation on these subjects, whether Lor i ti T n n e rec. - a - ring resources. On account o f some uncer t a i n t y Russell will assent to the appoint men t of a committee . with regard to the packet service and the harbour of tho to inquire into the practical operation of th e l aws for the I Channel Islands, it was possibla that thi s sur pl us m i g ht relief of the poor in England and fall s h ort of the Wales, a n d t o consider estimated a amount by n b s y id a e b r oi t it he loo ,0 0 O surplus l. as the policy and general effect of all the la ws re l at i ng to set- ' would be safe,therefore, 700 0001 This was th e s t ate of the revenue of the country, Cement, removal, and parochial assessment? 1 cale:ulato ' d as nearly as p oss ibl e up to the resent time. The com m itt ee would bei.r in i d that p Lord J. RUSSELL said the Government w ere o f opi ' in the re v enue a fund which haind pion that there would not be sufficient time t o di scuss a now n existed y since i t n h c e l u y ( e l e a d r m easure on this subject this session, but a measure w ou ld be introduced next session , Mr. PETO asked the member f or th e city of Lond on if 1842 derived from the taz levied upon income. But that it w as the intention of the Government to proceed with tax had now legally expirreocol,floasntcolniete:voouflidtaberof-eirmtpohesition mittee to consider the circumstances coul d the education bill, pending the in- Before entering upon that subject, * roceeding in a committee specially appointed the s( cond reading or detailing the views quil7 my P ' • t h e subject, on the uitroduc. 9 by th e house to inquire into . . 1 of the Government, there were two questions to which he taon of the 52,183,000 THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 18, 1853. would refer. The first was with regard to the claims of the shipping interest. It was the intention of the Government to propose a plan which they considered would be of considerable benefit to that interest without inflicting any charge upon the Government, With regard to the West India interest, he regretted to say that there appeared to be little chance, in the view of the Government, of there being anything to be done by the Government in their be half, consistent with their more extended duties to the pub lic at large. With regard to the reduction of the duties upon sugar, in proportion to the fall in the duties upon foreign sugar, so as to maintain the differential rates, it was entirely impossible for the Government to hold out the smallest hope of their being able to recommend any mea sure on that point. With regard to the question of refining sugar in bond, the Secretary of the Treasury would take a future occasion of entering more at length upon that question ; but the Government had not as yet discovered any method of granting that privilege which would be satisfactory to the West Indian interest, the refining trade not involving any heavy loss to the revenue. Neither could anything be done with respect to the duties upon spirits. The only way in which there seemed any likeli hood of doing anything to benefit these colonies was by en abling them to economise the expenses of their government. It must be remembered that, in the case of Jamaica, there was a public debt of 500,0001., paying a minimum rate of intorest of 6 per cent , and a maximum rate of 10 per cent. He had no wish to pledge too hastily the credit of the country, but considering all that had happened in the West Indies, and the effects of British legislation, which had precipitated the present state of things, he believed if they were able to point out that, the effect would bet to relieve Jamaica by a reform in her local government. The house would look with a generous and considerate eye at the proposal of using the credit of that country for this purpose. That referred to Jamaica, which presented by far the most urgent case of distress, and he was not sure that any other among the colonies re quired similar interposition. (Cheers.) He passed on now from the West Indies to a collateral subject—the Exchequt r Loan Fund. After what had passed in the debate on Wednesday last it was evidently the duty of the Go vernment to make a full investigation into its transactions. They had done so, and had presented the result to Parlia ment—they were in print before the house, and any hon. gentleman by glancing at the report might see the results. It appeared by the figures that after debiting the Exche quer Loan Fund, not alone with every folly of Parliament, but with every questionable and ambiguous grant—after charging to the last farthing every expense, such had been the sound discretion of the officerse ntrusted with its manage ment, that, while it had afforded an immense amount of local accommodation, it had likewise realised, after paying every expense, a net balance of not less than 227,000/. ; and if a value was put upon certain investments, the sum might be raised to nearly one million sterling to the credit of the fund. (Loud cheers.) They coincided, therefore, in opinion with the right hon. gentlemen opposite, and, they were thus considered justi fied by the facts in not proposing its abolition, and that he thought was as highly honourable to those who had admi nistered it as well as highly beneficial to the country. He now approached a difficult portion of the task which he had to perform, viz., the discussion of the Income Tax. The first question for the committee to consider was whether or not it would make an effort to part with the Income Tax at once. (Hear.) He did not say that this alternative was impossible ; on the contrary, he believed by the conjunction of three measures—one of which might be a tax upon land and houses and other property, of perhaps sixpence in the pound ; another, a system of licences upon trade, made so universal as to average something like 71. ; snd a third, a change in our system of legacy duties. (Cheers.) But it would be im possible for them at once to part with the Income Tax, and the Government did'not recommend it to the committee. They did not recommend it, because they believed in the first place that, to adopt the system he had sug gested, would be more satisfactory than the income tax, while they likewise believed that it would arrest other beneficial reforms of taxation, and the Government, therefore, did not recommend the abandonment of the income tax. (Hear, hear.) Now, with regard to the in • come tax, he wished he could possess the committee with the impression which constant study had made upon his own mind of the deep and vital importance of this subject. They were too apt to measure the importance of the subject by the simple fact, that they drew from ax no less than five millions and a half of revenue. That seemed a large sum, but the mention of it conveyed no idea to the committee of the immense moment and magnitude of the question. If they wanted to appreciate the value of the income tax, they must go back to the time of its birth. They must consider what it had done for tho country in a time of unusual trouble and emergency. (Hear hear.) They must consider, too, if they did not destroy it, what it might do for the country again should it please God that these times of trouble should return. It was in the course of the revolutionary war when Mr. Pitt found the resources of taxation were failing under him that his mind fell upon the conception of the income tax. When he proposed it to Parliament that great man possessed with this great idea raised his eloquence to an unusual height. There was a description. of Mr. Pitt on that occasion, written by a foreign but well known writer of the day, Mallet Dupiu, which he would ven ture to read to the conamitee, as after the lapse of 55 years it would no doubt bo still heard with deep interest. (Hear, hear.) This writer said, that from the time deliberative assemblies existed, he doubted whether any one ever heard a display of this nature equally astonishing for its pre cision, its extent, and the talents of its author, adding that it was a complete tour o of politial economy, and the finest exposition of the practice and theory of finance that ever fell from the most distinguished philosophers who had written on the subject. He know 'not whether the house knew how much the country owed to an income, tax. (Hear, hear.) In order, however, that they might fully appreciate the power of this colossal engine of finance, he would show the results' which it had achieved. The right honourable gentleman then drew a comparison between the periods when an income existed and did not exist, and showed that, while in the former case the expenditure exceeded the receipts by an enormous amount, in the latter the defi ciency which previously existed was greatly diminished. The income tax was an engine,by which, in case of war, which he prayed God to avert, the army of this country might be raised to 300,000 men, and the fleet to 100,00 CI ships, and the other necessary establishments in propor tion. (Hear, hear.) Much as might be said of the importance of an army reserve, a fiscal one was not less essentially necessary. It was an engine' which if used judiciously would enable the country, if need should arise, to defy the world. (Cheers.) The income tax had, even at a time when the country was engaged in a vital struggle, raised considerably the national revenue. That was at a time however, when men did no t so muc h consider the adjustment of taxation. (Hear. hear.) It was desirable, however, to have the power, if ne cessiy should occur, of e mpl o yi ng that mighty organ. Sir Robert Peel imposed this tax in time of peace in 1812, anti, if it had been beneficial in time of war, he was bound to say that it had not been less so in time of peace, it had enabled the country to improve the fiscal system. It was not the intention of the Government at the present moment, having a due regard for the public interest, to dispense with the income tax. He was, how; ever, aware that in its present arrangement it was not adapted to remain as a permanent part of our fiscal system. There still remained, however, objections of the gravest nature. The reconstruction of the income tax would be found to open up social questions of most serious character, and the machinery of the tax involving the principle of self assessment could never be properlyor satisfactorilyorganized. In fact, the income tax was not a simple tax, but a code of taxation. It then took the total receipts of the tax at 5,600,0001. one-twenty-eighth of that sum would be 200,0001., and if they investigated the composition of schedule A, they would find that land and houses in that schedule, including incomes charged upon them in respect of mortgages, paid about 2,400,0001., or 12-28ths of the tax. If they looked at the payments which proceeded from trade, including the occupation of lands in schedule B, which, strictly speaking, must come under the head of trade, they would find that they in schedule B had paid 330,0001., and in schedule D, 1,200,C00/. ; schedul e C, i n which were in s uded the fund, paid 1 27th of the whole, salaries 1-17th ald salaries about 1-12th of the tax. (Hear, hear.) I Now it was thought that inequality, gross inequality, was the general characteristic of this tax, and it was stated that they ought not to levy the tax at so high a rate upon precarious as upon realised incomes. What incomes were precarious and what incomes were real ? Incomes from trade, he presumed, would be classed as precarious. He did not wish to anticipate the judgment of the committee, but probably that was their opinion. (Hear, hear.) Well, now observe the question between land and trade was, after, all, the main question to be de side Land and houses paid 2,400,0001., while trade paid 1,800,000/.—something like three-fourths of the tax be tween them. The difference between land and trade must therefore go, in a great part, to the solution of the difficult question of whether the tax was, in the main, a ju s t t ax . Now, look at the tax in its relations between land and trade. When it was stated that a difference ought to be made between the two, it was too often forgotten that land was placed in an exceptional position to all other property as regarded this tax. Land paid, for instunce, a umrorm rate of 7d. in the pound upon its income, not assessed by the possessor, but by an in dependent and fixed standard. There was, in joint of fact, not the smallest reduction in respect to the difference be tween gross incomes and net incomes. (Hear, hear.) About 80 millions altogether was received from the owners of land and houses, and in proceeding to break up the income tax and make a new arrangement, they were called on to consider the deductions which ought to be made under this head. He, therefore, proposed to give an allowasve of 15 per cent. for repairs ,insurance) law charges, management, ' arrears of rent, and, in Scot land, for public works. He must deduct from the 80,600,0901. the sum of 12,800,0001., which was expended before it reached the pockets of the owners. Another question was a fair estimate of the charge upon lands and houses in the way of mortgages or settlements. That charge he had estimated at one-fourth of the gross income. If that charge be a co rrec t one, one-fourth part of the tax must deducted which would reduce its not amount to 175,003. He wanted to know, under these circumstances, what was the prima facie case for complaining of the in come, in his opinion there was n o sufficient ground for making any great differench between traders and hol. ers of land. He would not now raise the question es to whether any difference ought to be made. According to a rational estimate flag) holders of land at the present time paid nine per eent , and the trader seven, and in his opinion that difference ought not to be made greater. He maintained that land now paid 51d„ while other pro perty paid 7d. If they were to break up this tax it must be for some object, anti he would put it to the committee what a war of classes he would be opening up by any at - tempt to reconstruct this tax on any other principle of difference between incomes than that which he had sl • vn already existed. A. common doctrine was that they must do justice between classes, and endeavour to strike an average among them. That was a docrine held by many persons, but it was not a doctrine advocated by the hon. gentleman the men. bar for Montrose, who, to do in justice, whenew r he saw a difficulty before him, he seldoth took the 6:ruble to get out of it. (A laugh.) Nair, in the name of noninnon sens 3; ho would tisk what wail meant by averaging, classes among themsel ve 2. 1f thiii looked at the.tAble they would find that a female life of 15 was worth 25 year's purchase, but at 10 Lit was worth only five. Now by striking an average, was it meant that they should reduce the value of the twenty-five years' purchase, and increase the value of the five years' purchase until they met at some indefinite point. Did they suppose that a man with a trade worth 25 years' pm. chase, would find it any consolation for being made to pay five times more than he ought, that man with at. ado of only 5 years' purchase money paying half of his proper quota. But there were many trades which were worth more than 25 years' purchase, while others were not worth five, four, or even three years. Besides, there was another point which he touched upon with great pain, and that was, the dishonest returns which were sometimes made by tradesmen. He did not mean to say that such prac ticas were at all general or common, but he would cite a case to show to the house what had been done, and what might be done. In a certain large town a new street was built, and 28 persons were displaced by the improvement. &sled by a jury. The amount they &Aimed was 48,159/. as compensation for their profits ; the amount awarded was 26,9731., but the amount which they had returned as their profits to the income tax was only 9,000/. He would take leave of that part of the subject, with this proposition, that so far as regarded the state of the case be tween land and trade, reserving the other case for separate consideration, there was no sufficient ground to demand a reconstruction of the Incom e Tax. He had now three other clauses to deal with. He would take first the case Of course they claimed compensation, which had to be de of schedule E, which embraced the incomes received by public servants, with the exception of those employed in Cie Bank of England. It was difficult to make a distinction between this class of income and a lifeincome, because in the first place the public servant al ways received his salary or pension for life, while he enjoyed the additional advantage of being- in possession of a progressive income, which the possessor of a life interest did not. But it was not possible to draw a distinction between salaried incomes of this nature and life interests, and there fore to distribute the tax as it now existed on that account would be exceedingly unwise. (Hear, hoar.) He came now to what was supposed to be the sure place of the income tax. He meant schedule C. He hoped he should be able to appeal to the justice of the committee after they had heard -what he had to say on this head to support him in the opinion that the present position of schedule C. was a strong reason why they should „ (LEFT SPEAKING.) CONCENTRATED AND DILUTED POISONS FROM DEAD .BODIES. --- Death is rife, disease always prevalent, in the vicinity of intramural burial places. Men accustomed to the work of grave-digging have been suddenly struck down by concentrated emanations from the dead. By a ju s t retribution, the agents in the iniquity furnish, if not the greatest number of examples, yet, according to my ex perience, the most remarkable victims. We have nu merous instances of grave-diggers,. sextons, &c., be ing destroyed as it were by lightning. The poison which produces, when concentrated, such terrible consequences, must necessarily give rise to various degrees of disorder or actual disease , when admini stered in a more d i l u t e d f orm. Thi s I have abundantly demonstrated. The effects vary according to the degree of dilution on the one hand, and on the condition of health, or in other words,- the resistance offered by the individual to its reception. It is in this simple, yet all pervading truth, that we must seek the solution of a difficulty that has long puzzled the reflecting. We know as little what constitutes that mysterious power—the re sistance to proved sources of disease in individual or ganisations, as we do of the animating or vital principle. If, however, we are yet profoundly ignorant of what causes the heart to beat, the stomach to digest, the brain to think, the nerves to feel, and our active limbs to move, facts have taught .us that any cause which weakens the power of resistance, facilitates the action of miasmatic agencies, and fhat these agencies are most rife and most_ destructive in the neighbourhood of the receptacles of the dead. It is true the effects are often insidious, or mixed up with those arising from other, but infinitely less easily preventible cause of disease and hence a few interested parties were enabled to assert the wholesomeness of graveyards, until the body of evi dence which I accumulated became overwhelming, and reduced them to silence. Amongst the slighter effects which have been proved to arise from residence in the vicinity of over-crowded burial places, I would - enumerate eruptive diseases, headache, giddiness, disorders of the stomach, and bowel complaints of various kinds. The digestive or gans are very soon deranged under the influence of the impure air respired, and a long catalogue of secondary mischiefs is the result. These maladies are too often at tributed to other causes, but long experience and close observation force me emphatically to re-assert that the chief, the primary, the most easily removable cause of mischief is the proximity to human habi tations of public and private burial places. This is shown to be the case, by the fact that removal from the poiso nous l oca li t i es i s soon f o ll owe d b y restora tion to health, an d t h at no amount o f me di cal skill can breathes hofta pe pne buriedne happened, t , h e underproducts beneath his back fa benefit th.ki s deceasedparlour the windows,naneighbour, g s h o h long uo rr, is own kitchen fl oor . w a a s s ho he is has Can we doubt, then, that instances of sudden death, malignant fevers of various kinds, assuming forma not to be found elsewhere—typhus fever, that scourge of crowded cities, cholera, consumption, and many other fatal ditiorders, likewise prevail more frequently and with increased intensity wherever crowded graveyards aboundl —Ca the Past and Present State of Intramural Burial places, by G. A. Walker, Surgeon. RACING FIXTURES FOR 1853. The figures within parenthesis denote the number of days' racing. , APRIL. Malton (2) 21 1 Newmarket F. S. (5)....25 MAY. Cheater (4) Newmarket Sec Sp (3) 1(!) Liverpool Hunt (2) 11 Shrewsbury (2) 11. I Edinburgh (2) l2 Redditch (2) Bath (2) 17 Manchester (3) 18 Epsom (4) 24 SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. CUSTOM-HOUSE-APRIL 16: ENTERED INWARDS.—The City of Rotterdam, from Dunkirk • Panther, Ostend ; Don Calli no , G uernsey ; Baldur, dtathelle ; Friesland, Wor eum ; S e i ne , B ou l ogne; Commissary, Callao; Adonis, Bremen ; Soho, Havre ; Eleanor, Hamburgh. ENTERED OUTWARDS FOR LOADING.—The City of Rot terdam, for Dunkirk'; Panther , Ostend ; Neptune , Port Adelaide ; Rhine, Rotterdam • Arban, Stettin ; Victoria, Alton& ; British Merchant, dalcutta ; City of Boulogne, Boulogne Symmetry, Swin emun d e ; Hel ena, B remen ; Orestes, itrieste ; Wundringmanden, Christiania, &c. ; Water Lily, Valparaiso ; Elizabeth, Rouen ; Adonis, Bordeaux ; Jonge Pieter, Rostock. CLEARED OUTWARDS WIT!! CARGO.—The Active, for Leer ; Penelope, Schien ; Economy, Antwerp ; Eliza, De merara ; Sarah, Antwerp ; Chowringhee, Melbourne, &c.; Diana, Trinidad • Batavier, Rott er d am • E ar l o f A uc kl an d, ditto ; City of gotterdam, Dunkirk ; Albion, Boulogne ; Antwerpen, Antwerp; Diana, Amsterdam; Jane, Dantzic; Eugene, Rouen ; Elizabeth, ditto ; London, New York. VESSELS SPOKEN WITH. Th e Maginn, of Plymouth, from Boston, March 22, lat. 31, long. 66. - The Alice, Jamaica to London, March 18, off Cape Hatteras. The General Washington, Liverpool to Boston, Mach 22, lat. 49, long. 40. The Carib, Liverpool to Shanghai, Jan. 29, in Bombay Straits. _ ----.,. The .. Don Ricardo, Liverpool to Amoy, Feb. 5, off the Fellow Islands. EXPERIMENTAL SUICIDE. —A most extraordinary act of accidental suicide—if the verdict of a jury empan nelled by Mr. Bedford, the coroner for Westminster, on Saturday last, can be r elied on —was perpetr a t e d on Fri day, at Messrs. Coutts s banking-house, in the Strand. It appears that a father and son, named Jones, in the employ of Mr. Rigby, a builder, of Belvedere-road, were engaged in plastering and whitewashing one of the rooms at the bank on Friday last. Th e f ather left the room for a short period in the middle of the day, and, on his return, was horror-struck at discovering his son a corpse, suspended by the neck from a line attached to a pane of glass used for ventilating purposes in the window. The line merely passed under the chin and at the back of the ears, without encircling the neck, and as the feet were up on th e ground and the knees within two inches of it, it appears very remarkable that the deceased, if inclined only to try the effect of experiniental hanging, failed in saving himself. The fact, however, is certain that animation was suspended, and, althoUgh the body was warm when removed to Charmg-cross Hospital, all attempts at re suscitation preyed fruitless. The jury returned a ver dict of " Accidental death. " An improper attempt to stifle the inquiry, by the offer of bribes to the reporters present, was made by certain persons, with what view it is not very easy to divine. EXTRAORDINARY ARRIVALS ON GAME FROM NORWAY. —Owing to the long and severe winter, there has just been received at Leadenhall Market an immense con signment of ptarmigan (or white grouse), capercalzies (or cocks of the wood), and black game— about 25,000 head ; being a novel and unusual supply at this season of the year. [ADVERTISEMENT.)—The Royal Exhibition Small Glass for the waistcoat pocket, at S. and B. Solomons', opticians, 39, Albemaie-street, Piccadilly—observe, oppci.. site the York Hotel.—A valuable, newly-invented, very small powerful waistcoat pocket glass, the size of.a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known one mile and a half distant; they answer every purpose on the racecourse, at the opera-houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Telescopes possessing such extraordinary powers that some, 33 inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars ; with the sapae telescope can be seen a per son's countenance three miles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every other kind for the waistcoat pocket, and are of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and race course glasses with wonderful power; a minute object can be clearly seen, from 10 to 12 miles distant. Invaluable newly-invented spectacle. Deafness—New Discovery— The Organic Vibrator, an extraordinary, powerful, small, newly-invented instrument, for deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of kind that has been, or probably ever ma be produced. Being of the same colour as the skin, 'it is not perceptible it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public as semblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely removed; and it affords all the assist ance that possibly could be desired.—S. and B. Solomons, &mists and Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly: 01)09u°, oppokite the 'gal; Udell 0.11 Matt GOVERNMENT IN NEW ZEALAND. The Zyttelton Times (which arrives very irregulArly, and with great gaps in the dates) of March 20, last year, contains a very important and interesting meeting at Christ Church ) en the subject of Church government in New Zealand. The mbst important feature in the meet ing was a speech from Mr. J. R. Godley, who, in pro posing the first resolution, spoke as follows : " The resolution which I have to propose is one which may be said to express a truism. The Church in New Zealand, as elsewhere, is a society having a definite mission and certain practical ends to accomplish. Its essential principle, the very condition of its existence, its work. To my mind, the notion of an inactive or passive Church seems almost an absurdity, Indeed, what I say of a Church, applies more or less to every associated body. When men form or join a society, ecclesias tical or secular, this idea .is almost necessarily involved of their doing something in combination which as individuals they could not or would not do ; otherwise, why should they combine ? But a society in order to work must have an or ganisation and a government ; it must have forms, laws, qua lifications, executive instruments ; it must have a head and hands. Accordingly, every association of men, for any pur pose whatever, begins by constituting its government ; on however small or humble may be its scale and its object, whe ther it be a penny club, or a building society, or a political union, or a religious sect, as a matter of course it appoints its managing committee, or its president, or its synod, or what everelse it may please to call its legislative and executive organ. Through the medium of this organ it acts and speaks, and does its business; without this organ it would be an unmeaning and objectless list of names. Therefore I call it a truism to say that it is exceedingly desirable for the Church of England in New Zealand to have a form of government. The wonder is, indeed, that at this stage of our ecclesiastical existence we should have to enunciate so self-evident a proposition. Yet so it is ; this truism is not merely ignored ; it is actually disputed. While, so far as I can recollect, there is not in the world another in stance of a society without a government, to many English men it appears right and proper that such should be the normal state of their Church. If you go to the shareholder in a joint-stock bank, or of a railway company, or to a Wes leyan or Presbyterian, and ask him how the society he belongs to is governed, that is to say, who makes and who executes its laws, not one of them would be for a moment at a loss for an answer ; he could inform you with respect to its organisa tion as easily as he could with respect to its character and object. But if you go to a member of the Church of England and ask him the same simple question, what answer can he give ? Is there any one here present who can tell me how the laws of the English Church are made, who speaks our collective voice, who does what we have as a corporation to do—in a word, who manages our affairs ? One may refer me to certain laws made in the year 1603 for the government of the Church, and may reply to me by describing the judicial machinery provided for the execution of them ; another may tell me that Parliament governs the Church 1 another that the Queen ; auoth er that the Bishops govern it. And in each of these answers there would bo a certain amount of apparent truth. The canons are nominally the statute-book of the English Church; Parliament does occasionally legislate in matters ecclesiastical; the Queen is, in theory her executive head; the bishops exercise after a fashion certain govern mental functions in their respective dioceses. But still the question, ' Who governs us?' taken in its ordinary common-sense meaning remains unanswerable. The canons are necessarily and properly, for the most part obso lete and unexecuted, as indeed it is absurd to suppose that any human authority could devise complicated rules of action for a society which would answer its purposes and sup ply its needs for two hundred and fifty years without addi tion and alteration. Parliamentary legislation in Church mat ters is a usurpation founded simply upon might ; the Queen's authority is as purely nominal in ecclesiastical as in civil affairs, the bishops have no recognised collective authority at all ; and in their respective dioceses exercise the simply minis terial office of carrying out the existing laws. No real govern mental power resides in any of these functionaries, because a right to make laws is an essential attribute of a real govern ment; and no existing authority has a right to make laws for the English Church. In considering this state of things, I confess it seems to me to resist the conclusion that even the endurance of it implies, in a degree paralysis ; contentment under it would imply th e a b sence oilife. A society that can not make a law for the regulation of its own affairs, or express a corporate opinion, or do a corporate act, that is unable, in short, to perform any of the functions of life, can only by a great stretch of language be said to be a living body. What ever may be the numbers and energy of its individual mem bers, as a society, I say it is virtually dead. However, such being the state of the Church of England, she has sent out numerous bodies of offspring to all parts of the world ; I beg your pardon ; she cannot send, because, as I have explained to you, as a Church she cannot do anything: I should have said numerous bodies of her offspring have gone out from her, bearing with them the principles and traditions of their spiritual mother, and they have to adapt these as best they can, to a new set of political and social circum stances. Amongst other things they have to see how they can get on without government in a state of things which urgently requires corporate action. Tho Colonial Church is cast on her own resources altogether; she has, generally speaking, neither influence nor funds, nor consideration be queathed to her or provided for her ready made ; she must obtain them, as she can, by personal efforts, if I may use the term. But personal efforts require, of course, a personal agency; in order to collect funds, to build churches, to get and keep congregations, to exercise order and discipline among them, and to convert the heathen, a machinery is wanted ; the old machinery, such as it is, is inapplicable or inadequate, and there is no one with authority to create new. The consequence is, that the Anglican communion almost in variably falls, at the commencement of a colony, below the level of other denominations. Ido not recollect a single in stance when, under such circumstances, she can be said to have held her own. Other sects come out accustomed to self organisation and self-government ; each branch is complete in itself, prepared at all points ready for its work. Anglicans alone, when removed from the sphere of their old associa tions, stand bewildered and apathetic, and unable to move or act ; looking for help from Government or from the mother country; from every quarter, in fact, but from themselves. Though generally richer than other denominations, they can not or will not support their own ministers ; at least I know that in those colonies with which alone I am personally acquainted it is so. In British America, the English- people through the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Additional Bishoprics' Society, and in New Zealand, the people of England through the Church Missionary Society and Parliamentary grants, almost exclusively support the clerical establishments of communities !which are perfectly well able to do it for themselves, and would be perfectly willing, too, if they were not enervated by long disuse of the habit of acting for them selves in ecclesiastical affairs. At the same time it would be only fair to say that the Church of England in the colonies is far from being on a level with other sects as regards freedom of action. Deprived as she is of the advantages resulting (or supposed to result) from State connection, it is believed (for such is the absurdity of the system that no one seems to know exactly what its principles or practices are), but it is believed that she still remains fettered by the liabilities which were the incidents of her establishment in the mother country. I will illustrate what I mean by an example which occurred not long ago in this colony. A member of the Anglican Church wished to marry a Jewess; the clergyman refused to perform the marriage, and persisted in his refusal ; but the Bishop told me he had been informed by the judge, that if the parties applied for a mandamus to compel the clergyman to marry them, he (the judge) would have felt it his duty to grant it. I am not going to enlarge on the intolerable tyranny involved in the existence of such a state . .of things ; I allude to it at present as showing the necessity not only for a complete review of our ecclesiastical affairs, and for the estab lishment of new and radically different principles of Church , organisation, but also, perhaps, for parliamentary assistance in breaking our bonds. I have, now, sir, attempted to show why in the words of the resolution which I am about to propose it appears desirable thata form of government for the Church of England in New Zealand should be established as soon as possible. I have attempted to explain thatovithout it, she can not properly fulfil her most ordinary and necessary functions, and that to the want of it is mainly to be attributed the apathy and helplessness which are such melancholy character istics of our Colonial Churches. J will next endeavour to corroborate the view I have taken by quoting the example set to us with respect to this matter by a sister church, found itself not very long ago in circumstances analogous our own. I mean the Protestant Episcopal Church of America.lt is which e h d e r Churchthat estab lishment and her endowments for existence , a n d i ncapable of standing like other ecclesiastical bodies , humanl y speaking, shoeftiesntheasidsrbsaytoenreemofietshoefstthaL, English by her own strength, and working wit h her own means ; and depend n en ef t o o r on her I should find it difficult to rebut the sneer. Churches alone, side so the picture. When the United But I can show another States declared their independence, it maybe said (humanly 1 confess, if I were to look at the present state of our Colonial speaking again) that the Church withll monarchy; epis copacy,theChurch of England, s not ou yunfashionable, but almost in was, for obvious reason _ ts of the church, vrhich had been large in famous ; the endowmen some of tho States, were taken away ; her edifices were de stroyed ; even her communion plate was sold ; numbers of ' nted together with the most earnest members her clergy emigrated it is of their flocks. In short, impossible to conceive a more especially in communion w com pl e te and overwhelming prostration than the A mer i can Episcopal Church then suffered ; one would ha ve sa id that within the lifetime of a generation, her existence in the United States, like that of the British constitution on which she is said to depend, would be a matter of history. Now let us look at the sequel. For some little time the depression consequent on the resolution continued, but the American Churchmen who were left were not dismayed ; they had sense to see that new measures were required to meet the emergency, and faith to believe that they would be sufficient to meet it. Now, it is instructive for us to remark that the first step they took, when forced to shift for themselves, was the formation of a governing body. The first general convention of the Ameri can Church met in 1785, only three years after the peace ; the first American Bishop was consecrated in 1787. The Church was organised with a rapidity and completeness emi nently characteristic of the administrative talents of the peo ple, the civil constitution of the Republic serving naturally to a great extent as a model. A general convention was con stituted, consisting of all the Bishops, and of clerical and lay representatives from each diocese, and possessing full legisla tive powers for the whole Church. Diocesan conventions exercised similar powers within their respective jurisdictions. Vestries administered parishes. By degrees the outline thus sketched was filled up ; canons of discipline were passed ; the liturgy was revised ; provision was made for education, for foreign missions, for domestic extension. Scattered and helpless individuals became an animated, active, working body, far inferior, indeed, to most of the other denominations in outward circumstances, but at least able for the first time to do justice to it se lf an d ma k e f ree use o f its own resources. Before I describe the result of these measures, I must remind you that the Episcopal Church had another disadvantage to America, a comparatively small - proportion are even nomi nally members of the English Church. The f . this and the fact is are too obvious to require enumerations, contend with. It is notorious that of the emigrantsto if it hoped to hold forced to rely largely upon proselytism, un doubted. The American Episcopal to fluence. But to return theits own in numbers and in number of his torical facts. I cannot find out what the Episco palianfter the revolution. I can only ascertain clergymen was a of New York, which, in Church, therefore, was such isolated facts as that the State in I 1844, had 304 clergymen, had only fivel7B7. .am com pelled,my general comparison at a 1814, I find that the Episcopal Church later date. In num bered 240 clergymen officiating in organised parishes ; in 1844, year for which I have been able to procure the sta tistics,the last it had 1,202. Assuming that its congregations multi plied and there seems no in equal proportions, reason for therefore, to begin doubting it, we have here the fact that in thirty years the that the proportion of number of AmseitihcsanwhCobluercphmovuelnatiinocnreoafsethdefitivenfioslud., ois'oabthouatt twice as fast a even if we allow for argument that immigration supplied them proportioned to an extent proportioned to their ori ginal numbers, they must havecmonogirevtgahatniodz:bsl.et:mtheetmhosdelivstess by convers i oss alone in thirty years. And that they have done oi likely to t t hi E t sdh.baevelennbe Presbyterians, been not la r say g larger ramong the i°n so at least seems to be shown by the fact, that in 1839 more than one-half of their clergy, and nearly one-half of their Bi shops,onv converts is congregations e among those who rose to office and dignit in the Church, Again, Again, the American Church gets plenty of money. Her clergy, which must now amount to at least 1,( 90, have an average income of 2001. a-year, and if I add the funds raised for church building, education, missions, and other Church purpoSea, I sin sure I shall be within the mark if I set the income of the American Church at half a million sterling an nually, that is, speaking roughly, 10s. a-head for the mem bers of her communion, or 21. 10s. for every family. In fact, we do not want money;' says her historian, ' we have funds enough ; we want men for the ministry.' This is the na tural result of the zeal and interest which is engendered among her members by an active participation in the management of her affairs. In every department of her proceedings the advan tages of her system are visible. When an extension of the epis copate is required, she is not obliged to go, like some other people I have heard of, to a heterogeneous Legislature com posed of men of every religion or of no religion, nor to a co lonial minister, who may be her bitter enemy, in order to ask leave to consecrate a bishop, and to discuss the boundaries of the diocese, and the amount of the endowment. The Ame rican Church settles that for herself, as every Church ought. But I need not expatiate longer on these advan tages of system and organisation which the American Church enjoys. I have been induced to say thus much on her constitution and progress, because, as presenting the only instance of an ecclesiastical body in communion of the Church of England, which possesses a regularly consti tuted representative government, she affords the only avail able precedent far her own case, and also because the signal success which has attended a career begun under such dis couraging circumstances, seems to show that, in order to fulfil tier mission, the Church of England does not require endowments or State connection ; she only wants to have her hands untied—a clear stage, and no favour. Of course Ido not suppose that self-government is the only cause of the success of the American Church, but it does appear not only to be remarkably coincident with that success, but to consti tute almost the only material difference between her position and that of the Colonial Churches which are so far behind her in available life and energy. I will next notice one or two of the objections commonly made to a representative government for the Church, for I need hardly say that the form of govern ment we wish to obtain involves the representative principle It is said that it would encourage factions, debatiugs, and party contests. I will not insist on the argument that a si milar objection would lie against all representative Govern ment, civil as well as ecclesiastical—l would rather point to the American Church, and ask whether such an effect has been produced there. Of course I don't mean to say that there has been no party feeling on church matters in America —I only say it has not been so strong, nor has it led to such evil results, as in England ; and that there, as elsewhere, in the Church as in the State, f ree an d regu l ar institutions have been, not the cause, but the cure of faction. Again, it may be said that self-go vernmen t w ill l ea d t o ras h an d heterodox altera tions in the formularies of worship, and in the discipline of the Church ; and here I must not be misunderstood : I would certainly claim, on the part of the New Zealand Church, the right of managing to the 'fullest extent its own affairs, includ ing of course the regulation of worship, and the control over formularies. While it is necessary •and right that the formu laries of the Church of England should be the basis of union among those who combine to form a constitution for a Colo nial Church, I must say that, after it is formed, I think it would be unworthy of our position as a National Church to bind ourselves to these formularies for ever. Why should wo not have the same right of revising from time to time our liturgies and articles to suit our circumstances which every National Church, and which the Church of England herself, has repeatedly claimed and exercised Are we afraid we shall exercise that natural and obvious right badly ? It is possible we may; but I am quite sure, if we are inclined to do so, no paper restriction will prevent us, nor is it advi sa bl e that it should ; if bish o p s, c l ergy, and Caity, should at any time wish for alterations, I really see no good in trying to make them use forms which they would on the hypothesis disapprove of. But having said thus much on the abstract right to effect changes, I point to the American Church as my ground for anticipating that they will not be effectual, at least not to any injurious extent. There was everything in the circumstances of the American Church and people to make wide deviations on their part from the English ritual a priori probable ; yet it is well known that the devia tions actually made are altogether unimportant, both in num ber and character ; nay it is remarkable, and forms a remark able testimony in favour of our formularies, that in several instances where alterations have been actually made, the Church has subsequently returned, after experience of the change, to the more ancient usage. The last, and by far the strongest objection to representative Government which I shall consider, is founded on the difficulty of settling how the lay element in the proposed governing body shall be constituted; in other words, who shall possess the Church franchise. This difficulty is undoubtedly a formidable one ; indeed it is hardly susceptible of a perfectly satisfactory solu tion ; for in whichever way it be settled by any particular class of persons, it is always open to another class to ask them who gave you authority to settle it. But this is not properly an objection, it is only a difficulty, and difficulties are made I to be overcome. Although we may never arrive at the solu tion of the question which shall be logically satisfactory, we may get in a rough and approximate way at a settlement of it which will be sufficient for all practical purposes, For exam ple, a plan might be proposed by the highest authority in our church, the bishop, or bishops, involving a settlement of the franchise question, and if that plan were accepted by the clergy, and the great body of those who call themselves churchmen, it will probably be thought that as near an approximation to the desideratum of a general assent as is necessary for practical purposes would be arrived at. For my own part, I am very anxious to have this question raised ; and though it is not strictly relevant to the matter in hand, and the discus sion of it may appear premature, I will ask your indulgence while I say a few words about it. After much and anxious reflection, I can see no proper qualification for a Church fran chise but that of full communion ; and I ray this quite irre spectively of any doctrinal opinion about the nature and ef fects of that Holy Sacrament ; I say it because this qualifica tion, or something strictly equivalent to it, is in consonant 3 with invariable usage in the ancient Church, and also indeed in every Christian denomination, except our own, of which I have otherwise heard ; I say so, moreover, because we can otherwise absolutely no guarantee that those who as sume to legislate for the Church are even nominally Churchmen, still less that they observe those laws an ob servance of which all her members admit to be of the very essence of Churchmanship, ard while I entertain what many would consider very democratic views about the participation of the laity in Church government, it is a slim qua 71071 with me that they should be Church laity. Now, it seems a con tradiction in terms to say that a man is in communion with the Church who never communicates. The very word com munion, as applied indiscriminate's , to Christian fellowship, and to a participation in the Lord's Supper, proves that the two ideas are, in the minds of Christians, indentical. In deed, I may be wrong, but I cannot help thinking that those who hold a different view in this matter either have hardly thought out the question, or are mainly actuated by what I con ceive to be a mistaken view of expediency. Some of them fear that non-communicants would be offended; but I must say I think a man who deliberately and habitually abstains from com nion with the Church, is not one to whose opinions and feeEngs Church rules should be made subordinate. Others fear that a communicant's franchise might lead to a prUhration of the Sacrament. Have they inquired whether in other religious li denominations, where conformity to religious ordinances is invariably required, as a qualification for Church govern ment, any such profanatory effect is experienced or even ?sus pected. The fact is, it would really no t w orth aoas man's while, for the sake o f be so small an inducement, to be .u" is Y guilty of so great a crime. But even if it were found,e guilt as ' , just possible, that suc h a ru l e m i g ht aggravateta place their th o: a few abandoned individuals, 0u . ,- ;K we supposed spiritual interests in competstion with the wel fare of the whole Church? Others, perhajp, have heard the maxim, that taxation involves repre o s n enta.mo, and think ac corclingly that every man who pays mosey for Church pu r p oses has a right to participate in Church Government. Have they considered how far this abs tract proposition would lead them? Certain it is that no political or religious co mmun i ty in the w orld even admitted or acted on such a principle. No mat ter how far a nation may go in the direction of universal suf frage, it always stop 3 short of makin g emits:lntim to its re venue the so l e qualification for political power. Wm - nen, child ee n, idiots, cons:cts, may and g enera ll y d o con tribute to revenue, but they never evioy its supposed correla tive—power. Go and subscribe to a iVesleyan meeting-house or a Presbar tenian chusch, are. see weether your doig will get you a vote for m em b ers of the next confarence or n the so next assembly. You may reasonably make pecunia r y con t r ib u ti on one sass'ification, but I cannot even conceive a pro posal deliberately made that it should be the only one. On the other hand, I hardly think any one will propose as a permanent esralification for Church government a simple statement of Church membership. This asaiu would be ou3te unheard of ; no religious or political privilege was ever yet granted on the mere condition that a person claimed it, for it comes to that ; there is always required some test of his sin cetity—something that involves a question of fact upon which the claimant may be objected to, if he be not telling the truth. There remains therefore only the alternative of a double franchise, i. e., a statement of Church membership combined with a payment ; and this is the franchise which has been apparently proposed for adoption in Wellington, and it may be said in South Australia also, for seat-renting involves in some degree a profession of Churchmanship as well as a money payment. To this rule I object, in the first place, that it does not secure the real churchreanship of the governing body, and, in the second, that pecuniary payment ought rot to be mixed up with Church franchises at all. Wherever it is adopted, the best Churchmen may be excluded because poor, while persons who are notori ously not Churchmen will have votes in Church matters, and assist in making Church laws. On the whole, therefore, it does appear to me that no good reason can be assigned why the Church of England should adopt a more lax rule with re spect to its franchises than any oilier ecclesiastical body. I trust you will pardon me for this digression, if it be one, and for having intruded my own view of this subject on you at so much length. My object in doing so is not to pro cure any e xpression of opinion on it, s till l ess the adoption of any practical step by the meeting, but merely to bring it before the mind of the public, in the su re hope that by full consideration and free discussion th e o bj ec t s which we have all at heart will be best promoted. It w ill perhaps be expected that I should say a few words as to the relation which the proposed body would bear to the Canter bury Association. My own view is this. It is perfectly c ompetent for the association to make any provision it pleases for the management of its own funds, but I have not the slightest doubt that if a body be constituted which shall really repre sent the Church in this settlement, the association will, as a matter of course, hand over to it the management of its eccle siastical fund. I will conclude by saying that the practical s tep we propose to the meeting is merely to elect a corresponding committee, and to ascertain from the bishop, and the church men of other settlements, what it is that they are going to do. Whether it will be our busin ess a f terwards to go into . the details of a plan or whether the bishop will be pleased to draw out a plan, and invit e our co-operation in it—whether we shall begin by petitioning Parliament or, as I should much prefer, the Colonial Legi s l a t ure, to make,us ' a corporation, or whether, like the people of South Australia, shall endeavour to organise ours e l ves, and go on temporarily w e without being le gally incorporated, will depend on the nature of the answer we receive. I only trust that now, having begun, we shall not let the matter drop; I trust we shall see that if our Churchmanship be not a sham, if we really take any in terest in our Church, if we care as much about it as we should do about a joint-stock company in which we had invested fifty pounds, we shall do with respect to it what as men of business we should do as a matter of course in a worldly case —we shall claim for the ecclesiastical society to which we be long a constitution and a government RETURN OF PARDONED CONVICTS.—The Falcon, brig, with 28 pardoned convicts on Board, arrived at Dept ford, on the 12th inst., from Bermuda, which place she left on the 17th ult. They were landed at the yard on the following day, received the gratuities due to them from the storekeeper of that establishment, and once more allowed to enjoy the sweets of liberty, which it is to be hoped they will now better appreciate. Several of the number appeared to have reached the evening of life. Two of them also, singular to relate, were brothers. Too much cannot be said in praise of the excellent sys tem adopted by the Government of reserving a portion of their wages until the expiration of their term of cap tivity, as it enables them to avoid the temptation to which they would otherwise be exposed, to return to their evil ways if turned adrift on the wide world pen. COUNTRY MARKE2'S. HADDINGTO/ The following are the pric to-day : —APRIL 15. of grain at our marke WHEAT. EARLEY. First s4s Od 35s Od Second 4Ss 4d 33s 4d Third 4os Od. 28s Od Total quantity of wheat in market, PP PP barley „ PP PP oats Pt ff f f beans .. OATS. BUNS. 23s Od 36s 01 208 lld 338 111 19s Od 33s 0.1 269 qrs., 266 sold 243 qrs., 164 sold 264 qrs., 164 soli 105 qrs., 85 sold ABERDEEN —APRIL 15. The prices of grain are—Old oats, OOs Od to 00a 04 401bs per bu s h e l ; new oa t s, 17 s Od to OOs Oa, 401bs per bushel ; bere, 28s Od to 29s Od, 531bs per bushel • barley, 28s Od to 283 6d, 531bs per bushel wheat, red, 40s Od, 621bs per bushel ; wheat, white, 46s Od. to 48s (hl ' 621bs per bushel • oatmeal, 14s od. to 15s Od p e r boll; lb, flour, 39s Od to 41s' Od per sack. Provisions—Beef, Per 4d to 7d ; mutton, ditto, 5d to 7d ; veal, ditto, Gd to 8(1 ; pork, per lb, Os 5d to Os Gd ; salmon, per lb, is 6d to Os rabbits, each, Td to 8d; tallow, per stone, 4s Oct to 4s C"! potatoes, per peck, is to is - 2d butter, per lb, 9d to Os lit ; eggs, per doz, Os 6d. to Os 8d hens, per pair, 3s Oa `", 3s 6cl ; chickens, ditto, 2s 6d to 3s Oci • ducks, ditto, 2s 6" , to 3s Od • ducklings, ditto, Os Oct to Os Od ; turker , each, 4s Oct to 4s 6d ; geese, ditto, 3s 6d to 4s Od ; butter for exportation (present cure), per cv-t, 76s to 00s o '. l ; ditto (summer cured), 00s to OOs Od ; eggs, wholesale price , i9B Od to per dozen, 4id to 4id ; 41b loaf, 6d ; 21b loaf, 3d ; fine small, Os Od to Os Od ; pork, large, Os Od to Os uu, lamb, per quarter, 7s 6d. to 103; cheese, per impel . ° stone, 5s Gd to 7a. CORK-APRIL Brie. Curnc White wheat 00 s 04 to 00s Od Os od— re y. 20 ston e ' 1 Red wheat 23s 6d to 00s Od Ditto 00s Od t 6 OOs 04 00s Od-20 (10. Ditto 00s Od to OOs Od 70 Barley .. l3s Od to 13s 64 Ditto OGs Od to 00s Od 00s Od—lg do. Ditto OOs Od to 00s Od Bere 00s 0(1 to 008 Od Os Od 195 Oats 9s 8d to lls 44 Ditto 00s Od to 00s Od} 108 Od do. DAL() 00s Od to 00s Od 2 Pigs 3ss Od to 00s 04 00s Od per cwt. Quantity sold at the h!ghest prices : 00 barrels white wheat ; 00 re d ; 41 barley ; 0 hero ; 13li oats ; 0 pig. Quantity of grain and number of pigs sold last week :-- Wheat, 92. Barley, 511. &re, 00. Oats, 2,3 0 Pigs, 139. Return of cattle sold for week ending April 8 : Pigs, 626. ' Sheep, 520. Cows, 128. PRICES OF BUTTER. CANT. CURRENCY, First quality lO OB Fi rs t qua l ity 91$ Second quality Third quality 9os .Third quality 9ls Fourth quality Fifth qualify 7es Fifth quality 6ls Sixth quali;;y 6os Sixth quality COAL—Flour- First, 15s Od to I6s Od ; extra, 176 ° I seconds, 13s 3d to 3. , 3s 6d ; households, 30 s t o 13p Od ; 7s Od to lOs per eat. Heal—lndian meal,' 7s 9d to Ss 34 _ 4 ; oatmeal, lOs 6d to 13 s Od ; weal, lOs to Ils Od per e'r o Indian corn, 71 Js 8. 01 Od pe: ton. limy, 41 55 " to 4/ I2s 3d per ton. Hay—Fa•exers, Od to 44s Od; average' 38s; dealers, 36s Od io . 13( ; average, Os per ton. Stralf,,,' Farmers, no 9 Od to 27s C 1; rve:age, `' ; dealers, 35s Od ' 00s Od; average, 0 1 . p er t o ~. Bread—Wheaten loaf, 7c l n Od; household d•:,' 6d to Cu per 4'b.—F res h butter ,n 7 lid per 10. Eggs, 4 s to ?A 6:1 pe> hundred. Meat 4id to Cd ; mr..;;• - r, s:d o ; yea', 5d to 8d ; pork, Du t i. 6d; baco - i, 7C_ to Ed ; sarsa:,es, 6d r •r lb.—Fish, Nelvfolui land, 111. Os to 12,1 pe: ton ; Seo eh herrings, 31s to 0 0 2 ; Red, do., SCI per ly - 1.-3. 3 o;:atoes, who , - .0(1 to 12d; F2ll 12d to lsd. Coa's. N empor , , 2' s ; Lyeney, 21s ; Cuhn, l Od per ton.-11"..'5 -- ey, `5 0.p., 6s Or.: ner impe lal galloar t ; Hides, mar';_e;.;, COs to :'tei; Sa'kl'. Ns to 323 per civi;. skins, i%d per S osla; ,s 3Vs. 6d to 31. per toll' Fleece woo , COs to 00s Del. s':ope.___T-re-op, 381. to 42/.1 ,4 ' 3,. _Os; re d 31. 10s; yellow a c T gl. 3s. per ton ; t'ea's, :stk.. to 181. pe • ...•ane-e( l ..—lia::k, 0 7 8/. to 101. 30s. per to2.—Ta"ow, •:1 V.'s per cws.-01;', 71. I.os to 01. per ew L- ii:_chaugel, 195. per brl.—ua G' - ' Peruvian, 10t. lOs to 331. per ton. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, APRIL 16. --- STOCK EXCHANGE. Transactions to-day have b e4l limited, and prices have generally declined. The 0 1091 rates were thus reported :—Caledoni an , 32 ; Lancashire $ l l • Yorkshire, 76i ; London and North Western, 21 j ditto (fifth shares), 2/p. ; Midland, 75 4$ 4 • NewrY, A „,' Warrenpoint, ; South-Eastern and D over , 22it ; zir; cashire and Yorkshire (161. F. s h ares ), 1-16 p. • Manc,l ter, Sheffield, and Linc o ln (101. s h ares ), 11- St. Helen 's add C. (6 per cent.) 33.1; North Union A, ' 255. MANCHESTER, Arm 16. STOCK EicHANGE.—There is still a tendency t o lo b a r prices, with but a moderate business. Buckinghamshir e ' 18 Eastern Counties, 134 ; London and North-Wester'. 1191 • Manchester, She ffi eld, and Lincolnshire, 30k • ; land Railway Consols, ; North Staffordshire, 4fi' South-Eastern and Dover, 22g. BIRMINGHAM, APRIL 16. STOCK EXCHANGE.—This mar k et was rather firme-ro' day, and prices generally improved. Lond on an d NO.',th. Westerns closed at 120. LEEDS, APRIL 16. STOCK EXCHANGE.—DuIIness i 9 d fea t ture the prevailing iot ture of the shar e mar k et. The b usiness doing is 311 ,, Il `• nil, and operator s seem anx i ous, before entering into 'thoirt chases, to be in p ossession of the budget of the Ch.ancLi of the Exchequer, W hi ch is fixed for m o nagv - next . Lancashires have been done to-day at 18k. M SEABORNE MA ILS. Ar (N signifies that the mails are esnt torn the General post-o o w by the right—and M by the morning —d'spateh.] Day men made up From what When" COUNTRIES. in General Post- Port due i ° Office, London.* Dispatched. Eng_.••••"l4l' .—...........---.. ----- Ametica(byßi it.pack)N Every Friday .. .. Liverpool ... A st r;vocl America (by United Sts. Amer p keac ic .) (V ...... ....N April 19 ........ Liverpool... April 91 a U &sites Wiwi) •••• •• • — • N AP: 11 18 .. So tham ton Apra 21 Australia (yla South amptorr) • • • • • • ....II tth of May .• .... Southampton Apr,, 114 : Ditto (via NI arseilleS) N &th of Ma . ... Dover .. Alm" 4 Ditto ( via C..pe of Mood Y . . Ho p e) ••••••••• • • .N 2d of June ..... Plymouth March 30 7, Africa ( Wes 2 Coast)..N 23rd o f th e mo nth. Pl ymouth *sal 1= Alexandria.... „ „ ..'s 5,9, 24, &30of m D over • O.; ;- , Alema isdi 1a.... .... _3l 4th & 20th of mon. S ou thamptor . pin • Baha mas • .......... M f:rui (•,:' the month Southamptor let of 0 0 Bogfum . ..... ......N 'lolly.. ........ Dover Daffy _ A Brazil .. „ littenosArres........3l f!:h of the month.. Southampton rriT7 6 Cape of Good Hope .. N 11th cf the month Plymouth Apra o Cape of Good Hope ..N 2n41 of Jade ...• Plymouth Mat 76 Cape de Yerds ......N 14th of the month. Ply mou th April ' Certlon (see India) 26 Cey10a..............N I tth of the month Plymouth Ap ril 4, Channel Isles.. .. .. ..N llon.,Wed.,&Frid. Southampton To To:, Chili— ..... .• —AI ..d & 17th of month Southampton April l u China (see Indic) ril o° ' Constantinople ......N 7,8,1 . , - ,21,&21 of m Dover Ap ad Constantinople .... ~. A. 11 & 20t'i of num Soufinmpton AprilA t ilf wont. of Earope II & N Twice da;ly .... .. Dover ....., rssiM.' Egypt (see India) o° 9 France ........ AI & N Twice daily.. Dover Twie , 6 Gibraltar .......... M 4,7 , 17,20,27 of ns . S ou th am pt on . oil • Greece (see Inds) Gt evtowa ..........M ?nd & 17th of mor . s ou th amp t on Aplll l6 P Harnhurgh ..........N Iresday & Friday London russ._,Z i , Flavannah .......... M 2,sd of the month Southamoton Istolt4,l Holland ... ... ... —III Wednesday & Sat London ..„. mentg4 HondJi as .......M 17 ih of the month Southampton Apra: MI Ind'a (viaSotithanspi.)M 4th & 20.11 of mon. Southampton Mal ; Infia (via Marseil es)M 8/118424til of mouth Dover Mel lonian Isles (see India) edo lif Ireland ........ 31 & .1,1, Twice daily ...... Holyhead ... Talc , Lisbon ..............Ml7, 9, 17, & 28 o f m. S outhampton .trr i. Madeira ............Mi9th o f th e month S outhampton Arr ive: Madei; a ............ 1:123rd of the month Plymouth .. MCI l ' Malta (see India) _ n 1 6 Malta .. .. .... .. ....N 17 ,17 09 ,28 ,30Of m. Dover ...... Apr. Mauritius (see India) , Mauritius .... ....N I 4th of the mo n th P lymouth .. i‘P-rii26 Mexico - 00 1 ... ......... 5i .....• .• • • .21 2 n d o f th e month. Sorthampton Ist oi , as N e Plies . . •• . ..... . . . N si,hlsth2s thofmon Dover ...... A-1 011 „ i 6 New Granada ......M l 2d & 17th o f month Southampton APT" ;Al New Zealand.. —IR) , private ship • . Various ports Uneer..,7 Papal States ........Ni s thLith2 s thormon. Dover ...„. April -a' s. ..n sv Peninsula ..........111 / "thlith23thofmon Southampton APn - 1 6 Peru .....• ••• • • • ..M I id & 27th of mon Southampton APT, ;6 Port Natal ... • • ...N 14th of the month Plymouth .. April 4/- S icily ...... ••• • • ...N s thl s th2 s thofmon, Dover ...... April Tocanv ............Nl s thlsth2sthofinon. Dover ...... APT T 6 vVaneneDzveelmae.,;,s..74l-41a.6e1"lei2d& 17th of month Southampton Ago • Australia) ... ...... .1 l6 West Indies ........31 ;2d & 17th of month Southampton April ~ * When any o; these dates fall on a Sunday, the malls ~10 dispotchol on the following day, with the exception of the Ind*, ` t ii , Southampton), and the M a lt a , b o th o f wh i ch w i ll be dlapatc hgl day preceding. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIo way's Ointment and Pills .° the cure of Scrofula, Cancerous Wounds, and Old Sorel —Asa Avory, a youth, the son of Mr. James Avail J 0 Ramsey, was severely afflicted with scrofulous Nvog l) y for three or four years, and during that period 07".. t . remedies were tried, but without the lea s t b ene fit ,l'n , ' te ever being derived from them. In this deplorable Ot A j Mr. Joseph Sargeant, Chemist, of R amsey, recommenci`e him to use Holloway's Ointments and Pills, and till, invaluable medicines have been the means of effecto*! e l curing the boy of his shocking compl a i n t i n a very 13 „ 11- 3 space of time. They are an effi cac i ous reme d y for nj legs, old sores, gout, and rheumatism.—Sold 199..114 druggists, and at Professor Holloway's Establisholv -244, Strand, London. BIRTHS OF A SON. On the 12th inst., at 23, Calverley-park, Tunbridge' the wife of the Rev. Robert Aldridge. la/ es On the 14th inst., at No. 20, Victoria-road, Kens Newton, the wife of Mr. Challacombe. A DAUGHTER. il e‘ On the 13th inst. OF , at Harrow, the wife of the Steuart Pears. On the 15th inst., a t Highbury-terrace, the wife of ` i°bo Steavenson, Esq. MARRIED. the On the 13th inst., a t St. J o h n ' s Ch urch, Han ley Rev. Samuel Plant, v i car o f Burton-on-Trent, Sinsto shire, to Antoinett e S ara h , youngest daughter o f Or Mr. Charles Fourclrinier. of Chell House, Staffordshl re yo On the 14th inst., at the Cathedral, Manchester, Af r o ' r ef , Taylor Fisher, to S ara h, younger daughter of Josia h ir Esq., solicitor, all of that city. D 7 BD D. of S i " On the 15th inst., th e R ev. A. P. Harrison curate George's, Leicester. , v i ivil lv 4 , On the 10th i ns t., a t Hi lsea, near Portsea, .-- pair Harte, Esq., late superintendent of the ord...e de meat, Hilsea, aged 65. —4 LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO V&A of No. 112, St ran d, P r i n t er , a t Th e S un Office, 'l„ti ° Strand, in the Precinct of th e S avoy , j A th e cow - Middlemea, Monday, April 18,1853.