The Sun. — London, England, 1853-08-29 00:00:00

DISCIPLIN.? AND MANAGEMENT OF CONVICT PRISONS. The following report on the discipline and man agement of the convict prisons, an d disposal of convicts, with notes o n th e c onvict question, con struction of prisons, hard labour, &c., &c., by Lieutenant-Colonel Jebb, C. 8., Surveyor-General of Prisons, Chairman of Directors, &c., has just been issued : To the Right Hon. Viscount Palmerston, G.C.8., &c. Secretary of State for the Home Department. 45, P ar li a ment-street, June 14, 1853. My Lord,—l have the honour to submit a report for the year 1852, on those general subjects connected with the discipline and disposal of convicts which fall under my sup er i n t en dence as chairman of the directors o f conv i c t prisons, together with such information on the construction of prisons as further experience enables me to afford. I have noticed the i different subjects whi c h a pp eare d de serving of attention n the following or d er : Ist. The Accomodation at the Di s p osa l o f G overnmen t, an d th e Distribution of the Convicts in the different Esta blishments. 2d. The General Statistics of the Year, showing the Number remaining in the Convi c t P r i sons on the 31st De cember, 1852—the Number received into the different p r isons, or embarked for the Colonies, or who have died during the Year. 3d. Convict Discipline—Observations on Separate Con finement, its Moral Effects, &c. 4th. Second Probationary Period on Public Works. CONVICT PRISONS. With regard to th e fi rs t point, the accommodation at the disposal of the Government, and the distribution of the convicts are detailed in the following return, which gives these particulars for the 31st March of the present year : ESTABLISHMENTS AT HOME FOR MALE CONVICTS. PRISONS FOR SEPARATE CONFINEMENT. Milbank 1,100 Pentonville 561 Wakefield Preston 5O Cells in Leeds 5O county or Leicester ll2 borough pii- Northampton 6O sons rented Bath 24 by the Reading 4O Government. Bedford 7O Perth 1 prisoners. 180 j For Scotch —2,659 PRISONS AND HULKS FOR PUBLIC WORKS. Portland 1,070 Portsmouth 1,020 Dartmoor—able-bodied. 650 Hulks at Norwich{ Warrior } Defence 1. 530 450 - 3,720 625 Parkhurst (for juveniles). INVALID DEPOTS. Dartmoor Stirling Castle Hulk, Portsmouth 625 400 -- 1,026 Total in England and 5c0t1and............ 8,030 Ireland, including males and females... 5,246 ABROAD. Gibraltar, say Bermuda, say Western Australia .....1,700 - 550 -- 2,850 General total 16,126 CONVICT DISCIPLINE. The question of penal discipline applicable to convicts tinder sentence of transportation is very complicated, in volving, as it does, the home and colonial interests, and being, also, a great mora l an d financial question. If, in practically attempting its solution, any one of the great, interests concerned be allowed to preponderate, to the ex clusion of measures likely to have a favourable influence on the others, the general result, considered in a national point of view, cannot fail to be prejudiced. In looking practically into details, the question is fur ther complicated by the very different views which are en tertained, not only to the object itself, but on the mea sures to be adopted for obtaining it. Some will advocate simple penal punishment ; others, reformation, as the chief end and prominent feature of any system ; some would advocate chains and slavery ; others, affectionate and assiduous instruction. Between these extremes, the safest course would appear to be, to avoid any one idea, and to hold fast by experience. In this view, it may be desirable to inquire how far the two main elements of the system, namely, separate con finement and associated labour, can claim any preference over those schemes which may be suggested for the resolu tion of this important subject. I have so fully entered into all the details in former re ports, that it would only be necessary very briefly to bring them under your lordship's notice, were it not that the question of enforcing strict separation for indefinite and lengthened periods has again been mooted, and an attempt been recently made to show that certain modifications, which have been introduced into the discipline of Penton ville prison, have had a prejudicial effect on the health of the prisoners. SEPARATE SYSTEM. When the separate system was first urged upon the at tention of Parliament, in the very able reports of the late lamented inspectors of prisons, Messrs. Crawford and Russell (1836 and 1837), little or no experience of its effects had been gained in any country. Mr. Crawford had seen it in operation in the Eastern Penitentiary in Philadelphia, and thus expresses his opinion in a report on the prisons in America, dated 1834 : " In regard to the moral effects which have hitherto re sulted from the Eastern Penitentiary, it is impossible to adduce any strong evidence. The institution has only been four years in practical operation. "In 1830 there were confined in the prison 31 1831 1832 1833 He goes on, however, to add the favourable opinion he had formed, in the following terms : " Upon a careful review of every part of the Eastern Penitentiary, after seeing the whole, and examining a con siderable number of the individuals confined in it, I have no hesitation in declaring my conviction that its discipline is a safe and efficacious mode of prison management, that it has no unfavourable effects on the mind or health, and that with the addition of moral and religious instruction, in which this peneitentiary is eminently deficient, solitary imprisonment thus enforced may be rendered powerfully instrumental, not only in deterring, but also in reclaiming the offender." It will be admitted by those who have given attention to the subject, that these conclusions rested upon very slender data ; and that so far as regards the assertion, that discipline, as enforced at that prison, would have no un favourable effect on the mind or health, or the inference that it could be safely enforced in the case of all prisoners for lengthened periods, experience has , since shown that the anticipations he entertained have not been altogether realised. Solitary confinement had previously been made the sub ject of experiment in New York. In pursuance of a law passed in 1821, 80 convicts were selected, and, as a matter of experiment, were placed in solitary cells, which had been prepared for the purpose, under the direction of the inspectors of the State prison at Auburn. In 1823, about 18 months after the commencement of the experiment, it was found that the most disastrous re sults had followed, especially as regarded insanity. With the exception of a few whose sentences were about to ex pire, and others who were sent to labour, all the remain der were then pardoned. The total failure of that experiment led to the establish ment in that prison of labour in association, under a rule of silence, as distinguished from the separate system, which was afterwards established, in 1834, at Philadelphia. It is probable that the results of this experiment of soli nary confinement on the mind and health of prisoners, led to the existing limitations, by which it is not lawful to award or enforce a sentence of solitary confinement for more than 28 days at a time, or for more than three such periods during 12 months. DISTINCTION BETWEEN SEPARATE AND SOLITARY CONFINEMENT. The distinction between solitary and separate confine ment, and some of the precautions to be adopted in the construction of prisons, and in the administration of the discipline, are laid down in the 2 and 3 Vic., cap. 56 ; and Pentonville prison was erected as a model of construction, said with a view to try an experiment on separate confine ment in this country under the provisions of that act. Some Observations on this subject appear in my second the year 1843 to 1848, with a slight exception on m i tt ' e Tt li cTep e ing of the establishment, the prisoners ad the whole nt o nnville were most carefully selected from pline are h i j i t .,. 1 .7.,_! convicts ; and the results of the disci ,,„ tu !Atman o ed in the reports of commissioners. A results i n T o r t ? h f convicts, as a cause of some adverse port for that year , owever, incidentally noticed in a re- Devon, Chichest er % ate ri a May, 1849, and signed by Earls Sir B. Brodie, and Dr. F owby, Sir W. Molesworth, The following are ext ergeson. " Since the date of our ra t e r;., • have no new circumstan cea art, dated May, 1848, we s t a t eme nts will show th a t t h e to iriatt.„°tice• The following operation, and that its effectsupotCtil'atleues in effici en t menetalPriscoonnerBditiaoren h o i f gh t I h y e satisfactory." re gard to the health and With prisoners, however, they observe— " We are sorry that, as to the health and maw"l con di. of the convicts , we have to ma ke a touch r. tory report than in any of the f o r mer years,. leas es.tiafae.di wa s established. since the priso n " The daily avera ge number of sick h as i ndeed smaller than in the year 1847 ; there has not been a J ae le n n case of Asiatic cholera- g " But there were six deaths from disease withi n the walls of the prison, and five convicts received pardon s en account of their labouring under such disease as rendered a prolonged term of imprisonment dangerous. Of these last, four l a boured under some form of scrofula, an d one under an organic disease of the brain. "There was one case of . death from suicide; and it is of worthy of notice that this . is the first examplesuicide that has occurred in the p " The proportion of mortality,ris° including three-fifths of those who were pardoned on account of the state of their health, among the deaths is as 18 . 75 to 1,000. " There have been also five ca ses of insanity. • • "It may be difficult to offer a certain explanation of the great number of cases of death and of insanity, as com pared with that of former years. We have, however, Fea son to believe that, in the earlier years of this institution, the convicts sent here were selected from a large number, and that the selection was made with a more exclusive re gard to their physical capacity for undergoing this species of _pimishment." They remark, in conclusion : " The longer the period s of eparation the more watch ful must b e th e exercise of medical superintendence, to gua. against s the failure of mental or physical health, wwillitirptieeonuleare oalways. be anticipated as a possible result and in p ror , ortie i n Tam temperament and dispositions, Punishment?, o the keenness with which they feel their Subsequently to the dateoathis report, the functions of the board were transferr ed t I had the honour t o be appointed new comm i ss i on, o f w hi c h O'Brien and Mr. Voules being associated chairman, Captain lt thus bro ug ht t o a The experiment on prison discipline,iated with me. full operation from 1843 t o 18, was 'which had b een i n close, and the accommodation la p e ren dered available for the general purpos es of t P h n e s c o o n ny w i a e s t Service. From circumstances we are all sufficiently familiar with the working of the discipline at l'entouriut, and it, Al 11-S effects, to enable us to form our own conclusions upon the subject. For myself, I had previously expressed them in my se cond report, 1847, to the following effect :—, "My own independent conclusion, fou.. on a close observation of the system as carried out at Pentonville, Wakefield, and other prisons, is that separate confinement, with very few exceptional cases, and with ordinary pre caution may be safely and generally adopted for periods extending from six to twelve months, or rather more. " Beyond 12 months I think it requires greater care and watchfulness than would, perhaps, be ensured under ordi nary circumstances. And there are grounds for believing that it is neither necessary nor desirable to extend it. "It is not the use, but the abuse of separate confine ment that is to be guarded against ; that is, pressing it beyond the limits within which advadtage is to be derived from placing a prisoner under favourale circumstances for reflection and seceiving instruction, or of continuing to enforce it in the case of any individual whose health of mind or body appears to suffer under separate confinement in a greater degree than he would under a system of asso ciation." Under any circumstances, however, the experience of 1848, as already detailed, would naturally have led to the adoption of any precautionary measures which afforded hope of mitigating the evils. This responsibility was espe cially forced upon our attention from the circumstances that it had been determined by the Government to subject all prisoners to a period of separate confinement, instead of the very small proportion which, up to that period, includ ing 1848, had been selected for the purpose. The first report of the new board is for 1849, and is dated 25th February, 1850. Some extracts from a subse quent report, bearing on the question, are inserted in the appendix, page 102. The experience of the year 1849 was such as to call for increased watchfulness and precautions ; for we had com menced dealing with a description of prisoners far less able to bear separate confinement than those who were made the subjects of the orignal experiment; and this discipline was about to be enforced under the responsibility of the Secretary of State at Wakfield, and in other prisons where cells had been rented by th e G overnme nt for the purpose. U top the end of 1839, however, no alteration in the routine, of any consequence, had been made, although prisoners of good conduct, who had been six months in the prison, had been previously selected for employment in the kitchen, bakery, and in other work, chiefly with a view to economy. Mr. Bradley, the medical officer, in his report for 1851, o b ser ves on the general question f health under the less favourable circumstances in which the discipline was carried out : " The admission of ordinary convicts for the purpose of undergoing punishment would naturally tend to increase the proportion of both mental and bodily disease. This anticipated result, however, has not obtained, as the medi cal statistics show, with regard to mortality and disease in the prison ; while, if the condition of the prisoners at the expiration of their imprisonment be regarded, and a com parison in this respect be made between those formerly embarked on board the convict ships, and the men who have been sent during the last two years to the public works, the observation will be in favour of the latter as being more healthy in appearance, and possessing, for the most part, unimpaired strength and activity of both mind and body. " The circumstances which has been mainly instru mental in counteracting the tendency to disease and in maintaining health will be found to be that the term of imprisonment in Pentonville has been shortened ; the time to be passed in separate confinement having been reduced from 18 to 12 months." With regard to mental health, he observes that it may be considered to have been highly satisfactory, whether the diminished number alone be regarded, or the character of the cases themselves. INCREASED AMOUNT OF EXERCISE AND RESULTS. At the commencement of 1852, however, there had oc curred at Pentonville so unusual a number of cases of mental affection, as to cause the directors much anxiety ; and I stated in my last report that they had instituted an inquiry into all attendant circumstances, and had arrived at the conclusion that the greater amount of mental dis ease at that establishment, as compared with Wakefield and other prisons, was mainly due to a difference in the administration of the system. Whilst therefore, adhering, as far as possible, to the principle of separation, they deemed it their duty to in crease the amount of exercise in the open air ; and partly with this object, and partly to secure other advantages, they caused the prisoners totake exercise on the plan which had been found to answer so well at Wakefield. Their view is explained in the following resolution : " That the exercise in the separate airing yards does not appear so well calculated to promote the bodily or mental health of the prisoners as the plan pursued at Wakefield ; and that brisk walking exercise under such arrangements as will effectually prevent communication should be sub stituted for it." The gradual dimunition in the per tentage of sick, not withstanding the very different and less favourable classes of prisoners which are now sent to Pentonville, can, in my opinion, only be accounted for by a difference in their treatment, combined with a shorter period of confinement. With regard to the moral effects produced by this and other ameliorations of the discipline, the chaplain observes as follows : " The beneficial moral results of the discipline and in struction of the prison have in no degree been lessened, in my opinion, by the mode of exercise adopted, during the year past, in lieu of the separate yards. There has been actually less communication between the prisoners. The good effect of the change upon the mental condition of the prisoners has been, to my perception, most marked. From an early period in the history of this prison you are aware I was led to advocate a mitigation of the rigorous character of separate confinement, originally instituted in Pentonville ; and I have hailed with no small satisfaction, on the ground of humanity, every approximation to such a course of treat ment as should secure a better prospect of continuing what is useful in this discipline without perpetuating the serious evil, which a growing experience led me to apprehend from its indiscriminate application. lam now enabled, by very distinct recollection of my early impressions, to compare the convicts of the first years, in their general appearance and manner, with those of the last ; and I would have no hesitation in affirming that the present healthful mental aspect of the prisoners forms a complete contrast to the nervous, agitated condition of the first, allowance being made for the many cases of debility and ago now a,thuissi ble to the prison, which were so carefully excluded at the first." It has been well remarked by the physician of the peni tentiary in New Jersey- : "The more rigidly the plan is carried out, the more its effects are visible upon the health of the convicts. A little more inter course with each other, and a little more air in the yard, have the effect upon the mind and body that warmth has on the thermometer ? almost every degree of indulgence showing a corresponding rise in the health of the individual. That an opinion to the contrary should have been advocated at this time seems like a determina tion to disregard science in support of a mistaken but favourite policy." Besides the more obvious effects of separate confinement as exhibited in the development of pulmonary consumption and mental affections, there can be no question that the vigour of mind and body of the majority of convicts who are subjected to strict separation for periods extending be yond 12 or 15 months is impaired. My own conclusions upon this subject were thus ex pressed in my second report for 1847, in which, referring to the occurrence of convulsions on embarkation, and the general subdued, tractable manner which had been re ported by several surgeons-superintendent as the invaria ble characteristic of the prisoners from Pentonville, I ob served that : " Though there may be no evidence that any permanent injury has been sustained, such indications must not be disregarded. From whatever cause they proceed, it appears highly probable that an extension of the period of confine ment would be calculated to increase them, and it is to be apprehended that, if increased, the result might be some permanent injury to the majority of the prisoners. It has been remarked that such effects show that we have arrived ' at the beginning of the end of good health.' " Mr. Francis Gray, the authcr of a work on prison discip line, also observes upon this point : " Sir George Grey expressed his concurrence in the opinion of Sir Benjamin Brodie and Dr. Ferguson, who had both been on the commission for the management of Pen tonville Prison, that the utmost watchfulness and discretion on the part of the governor, chaplain, and medical attendants would be requisite, in order to administer the system esta blished there with safety, and Sir J. Graham repeated the same sentiment. If there is great danger that the bodily and mental health will, in many cases, be so deranged as to require medical interference, is there not a certainly that, in many more, there will be a degree of debility and depression not amounting to positive disease ? These effects, when perceived may, perhaps, be deemed hereafter, as they have been heretofore, to be evidences of reformation. But it is a capital error to suppose that they promote or indicate any real improvement of the morals or of the intellect." On this latter point Mr. Kingsmill remarks, in his last report : " Depression of spirits is not contrition ; remorse is not repentance ; resolutions and vows of amendment, made whilst suffering the penalty of transgression, imply no change of principle—no real reformation of character. The weakening of man's physical and mental energies does not generate piety. Religion cannot be in a healthy state which originates in any disturbance of the mental powers." The best evidence, however, of the results of the plans which have been pursued in giving effect to the precau tionary measures introduced into the routine of discipline in the course of the last 12 months is, that during the year between the let of April, 1852, and 31st March, 1853, there has been no case whatever of mental disease. The foregoing explanations will, I trust, have satisfied your lordship that the determination of the Government in regard to limiting the term of separate confinement was not hastily or unnecessarily adopted, and that the amelio ration which, under a change of circumstances, the di rectors have felt it to be their duty to recommend, are such as are calculated to diminish the objections which may be entertained by some to this system of discipline, whilst they do not entail any sacrifice whatever of its advantage,. .xsclti:T_EßAL SYSTEM OF CONVICT DISCIPLINE. tem ofddthc! question of establishing a comprehensive sys under BenscitZlne, applicable to the great body of convicts of an xi th ae z jarnui ce t t tr bl an i sp B46 ort - a_t , ion_, was under , . consideration n h an ole i s t u s b bea elw n as . most andri I s e ati e lo P l idul „ careut-Z at Y4 P eo eu n to sTid n e vi trhe ll de e wi had been so conclusive para confinement: AI: l l'ga it rd as edtt moral effects of se hwando been ined to secure for the confines tag e washic rm tei anticipations of those m o d, i ntere r , and thus realise the 1847 and 1848, h, up to convicts, by improved and comprehensiveexperience scheme e in establishing an under any circumstances.y aPPlicable . prison discipline, The result was the determti to all convicts and parate confinement should be ir l , th at the • per,...A of about 12 months, followed by strict to au avers ~,-.. se association and employment on publioPwenoalAr.tliacliite 1 , 9 , f proportioned to the original sentence. ---' fora peri o d In order to carry out those views, I was authori sed Sir George Grey to rent from the magistracy in by and boroughs, where new prisons had been - e ic c e t : un ties spare accommodation they were declined to place at 4 , an the di posal of the Government, at the rate of 6i. per annum for each cell. Nearly 800 additional cells were obtained in this manner. A portion of Mil lbank WaS appropriated for modi fied separation, and Pentonville was somewhat extended. Instead, therefore , of 500 prisoners only being subjected t o separate confinement, arrangements wer e de by which upwards of 2,00 0 are now undergoing tdi ma scipline. It was further determined to establish a large convict prison at Portland, with a view to bring to the test of actual experiment, not only the measures calculated to assist in the reformation and industrial f training o pri soners, but to ascertain the beat mode of applying convic labour at the disposal of the State, in the execution of works of national importance or acknowledged utility ; with a further view to the final abolition of the bulb and THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 29, 185 3. the substitution of an organised and improved system of discipline, on public works, at home and abroad. With regard to the general results of the combined sys tem, sufficient experience has now been gained of the great advantages of separate confinement, as a preparation for the subsequent stage in association. The details of the discipline, though described in the reports, can, however, only be understood by an inspection of the prisons at Pen tonville and Wakefield, and of other prisons where the separate system is enforced. A. careful study of the whole discipline and management at Portland, Portsmouth, or Dartmoor, would, in like manner, enable any one to form an opinion, as to whether the arrangements for combining the reformation of the prisoners with the punishment due to crime, are calculated to promote the objects which the Government have in view. Should any alterations appear desirable, there exists every facility for making them. So far, however, as my experience goes, I do not see that any change, either in principle or routine, could be made without creating some evil or difficulty which requires to be guarded against. As regards the present system of subjecting every pri soner to 12 months' separate confinement and subsequent association on public works, Mr. Gray, the author before quoted, remarks in a work published at the time when the present plan was first settled :-- " The British Government, enlightened by experience, has determined to make an important change in its whole system of secondary punishments, and, last June, a plan was submitted to Parliament for this purpose, which will undoubtedly be definitively acted on at the next session.* * " It appears that the new system now proposed to be established there provides for one year of Pentonville disci pline, followed by a term of social labour. During this latter period, we are told that the prisoners are to receive moral and religious instruction, and to be entirely sepa rated from each other by night. This is well. And if it is designed also to furnish them, during the intervals of labour, with the means and opportunity of such intellec tual culture as they are capable of receiving ; to guard carefully their intercourse by day ; and to prevent their having free and uncontrolled conversation by night, it is a design worthy of the greatness, the wisdom, and the be nevoence of England." Total estimated net cost to the country for the current year, deductirg the prospective value of labour £419,476 2. A MODIFICATION 03 1 THE PRESENT SYSTEM BY THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DISTRICT PRISONS, WITH A VIEW TO A REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF CONVICTS TO BE SENT ABROAD. The probable effect of acting on the recommendations of the committee of the House of Commons in regard to the establishment of district prisons is thus adverted to in my fifth report : " Few persons beyoni those whose duties bring them into immediate connect - on with prisons, are aware of the great inequality of sentences passed in the different courts for similar offences ; nor is it generally known that so few are sentenced to long terms of imprisonment, and so large a proportionate number to short terms of transportation, thus omittinc , altogether such an int erme di a t e an d length ened term of imprisonment as would give a more just and and proper gradation of punishment for different offences. " It will appear by rderence to the criminal tables, that taken on the last ten years, the average number of pri soners sentenced to 7 and 10 years' transportation has been 2,626, and that the average number sentenced to impri sonment has only been as follows : - three years, and above two years, 5 ; two years, and above one, 473 ; one year, and above six months, 2,380. There are now so many country prisons, &c., in which separate confinement for 12 months might be enforced, that I believe if district pri sons for carrying out tie remainder of long sentences were established, a sentence of two or three years' imprisonment would have a sufficiently deterring effect, and the difficul ties arising from the great number sentenced to transpor tation would be materially diminished. "As regards sentences passed in court, it would appear proper that imprisonment should be carried to its fullest extent before recourse were had to transportation ; but, practically, neitherthe deterring nor the reformatory effects of imprisonment have ever had a trial on a sufficient scale to test their efficiency, excepting in the case of convicts under sentence of transportation. The experience, how ever, of the last few years carries with it the most conclu sive evidence in favour of such a system ; and if it were only to avid the inconvenience and expense of transporta tion, it is well deserving of attention, especially in an econo mical point of view. " Lengthened periods of imprisonment have not hitherto been resorted to, partly from there being no existing prison where sentences exceeding 12 months could be properly carried into effect, and partly from a sentence of transpor tation up to a recent period affording so easy a solution of all difficulty both as regards expense to counties and final disposal. " With a view, however, of providing a remedy for this defect, and, at the same time, the means of reducing the number of convicts sentenced to transportation, it appears to have been the object of the select committee of the House of Commons in 1850 to press on the attention of the Go vernment the importance of erecting district prisons ex pressly for the reception of all prisoners sentenced to pe riods exceeding 12 months. The resolutions of the com mittee are as follows : " 14. That after prisoners under long sentences have un dergone a period of separate confinement, the remainder of their sentences ought to be passed under a system of com bined labour, with effectual precautions against inter course. " 15. That this object would be greatly facilitated by erection of district prisons, at the national cost, for the re ception of prisoners under long sentences after they had undergone such previous separate confinement. " 16. That such district prisons should be maintained at the national cost, and the government of such prisons and all appointments and salaries of officers ought to be under the control of her Majesty's Government." The measures necessary to give effect to these important recommendations were under the consideratian of Sir George Grey, and by his direction I prepared a memoran dum on the necessary details. The following is an ex tract : " With regard to the additional accommodation which may be required, it may be assumed that if facilities ex isted for carrying into effect sentences of imprisonment extending from 18 months to three years, without expense to the counties and boroughs, a large proportion of th e pre sent sentences to seven years' transportation would be changed to imprisonment. " The following statistics may serve as data for calcula tion : In the year 1850 there were sentenced to seven years' transportation 1,369 To imprisonment of 3 years, and above 2 4 To imprisonment of 2 years, and above 1 551 " If of these we take 1,000 of the sentences for 7 y ears , and allow 640 to cover the sentences of imprisonment, the number to be provided for in district prisons will amount to 1,600. " The average sentences on this number might probably be assumed at two and a half to three years. " It is recommended by the committee, and it is an im portant condition to enforce, that all prisoners, previously to being sent to a district prison, shall have undergone a probationary period of separate confinement in the county prison. This period would probably vary from six to 12 months, and might be taken at an average of nine months, leaving from 21 to 27 months of the entire sentence to be passed in a district prison. From this period there would be deducted a small proportion to be remitted as an encou ragement to good conduct, leaving from 18 to 24 months as the actual period of confinement. " On these data the entire accommodation required in the district prisons would amount to one and a half or twice the number annually sentenced, that is, from 2,400 to 3,200," EXPENSE OF A MODIFIED SYSTEM. The estimates for a modification of the present system, in substituting imprisonment for a proportion of the sen tences of transportation, may be taken as follows : Gross estimates for convict prisons in Great Bri tain 8,524 Ditto in Ireland, 5,246 ditto 53,912 Ditto for the removal of prisoners 13,006 Ditto for transport services Ditto for the Australian Colonies 152,600 Ditto for convict service at Gibraltar and Ber muda, 2,300 prisoners Ditto for voya ge t o Bermuda and Gibralt ar Gross estimated cost of 16,073 prisoners £507,284 Deduct earnings— Great Britain, 8,524 prisoners, at an average of 121. per head £102,288 Ireland, 5,246, at 51. per head 26,230 Gibraltar and Bermuda, 2,300, at 181 per head 41,400 169,018 Total estimated net cost of 16,070 prisoners, under the present system, modified as pro posed 3. DISCONTINUANCE OF TRANSPORTATION, AND SUB STITUTION OF IMPRISONMENT AT HOME AND IN CER TAIN OF THE COLONIES. The diminution in the number of the convicts to be re moved from Great Britain and Ireland, if imprisonment to the extent contemplated by establishing district prisons were adopted, would still leave perhaps 1,500 men to be annually transported. These would be men under the longest sentences, and assumed to be the worst class of criminals. _ In the consideration of the details a difficulty presents itself. The opponents of transportation make use of two arguments ; one, that the mother country has no right to pollute a colony with her worst and most dangerous cha racters ; another, that she is rewar di ng crime, instead of . punishing it. There much force in both these argu ments ; and any modification of the present system which i s calculated rather to increase than remove these objec tions, will not, I fear, enlist the cordial co-operation of any colony, and will thus fail in being a permanent settle ment of this vexed and important question. For these reasons I am led to the conclusion that some more extended changes than a reduction in the number sentenced to transportation will be found to bo absolutely necessary. With this view, it appears deserving of consideration whether it would not be expedient to alter the terms of the sentence, abolishing transportation, and substituting long terms of imprisonment, to be carried out chiefly in this country, but with power to enforce them at Gibraltar, Bermuda, Western Australia, or other colony where suit able arrangements for the purpose may have been pre viously made. This, at first sight, may appear to be a very sweeping change, and to be open to the most serious objection. Trans portation has for a long period been looked upon as the most severe of the secondary punishments of the country, that great importance is attached to it. This, however, I am persuaded, is more from the force of habit and old as sociations, and from forgetfulness of the progressive changes that have been going on, than from any more substantial considerations. As regards the majority of convicts, there is little doubt that the change of circumstances in the colonies, together with the public mind becoming familiarised with emigra tion, has deprived this main element of the sentence of much of the deterring effect it may formerly have pos sessed, and hence its value in that light can no longer be relied upon. If a clear practical view of the present mode of carrying into effect such a sentence be also taken, it will be seen that it entails, or is commuted into, a longterm of imprison ment, extending from two to three years, in the caso of a seven years' man, to six to twelve years, in the case of a life sentence (the time being prolonged in case of necessity to the full period of the original sentence), to which is added such a mode of subsequently disposing of a prisoner as will place him in a favourable position for earning his livelihood. To obtain the last object, it will be seen, on reference to the estimates, that the mother-country incurs a large addi tional expense, from which she only derives the advantage arising from the ultimate removal of a proportion of the men. From these consider a ti ons it appears th a t i n substitut ing sentences of imprisonment for sentences of transporta tion, the only c h ange th a t w ill b e requ i re d i s a modifica tionin the means of subsequently disposing of the convicts on the expiration of their sentences, which, as already ob served, is the only point of difficulty in the convict ques tion. To provide for this, I would venture to submit that, with a view to relieve the Secretary of State from responsi bility in the exercise of his power, the practice of his de termining, according to his discretion, the place of his im prisonment, and granting conditional pardons to prison ers, should be fully recognised by Parliament. Beyond this, I conceive there would be no necessity to make the least chan g e in th e p res e n t mo d e of dealing with convicts, under the first and second probationary periods of dis cipline, excepting, perhaps, an alteration in the scales for regulating the sentences and periods of detention. At a certain minimum pertod of the sentence, a con vict, wheth er imprisoned in this country or in a colony, would become eligible to be recommended to the Secretary of State for a pardon, to which might be affixed such con ditions appeared expedient. It may be urged that it would appear necessary that a convict should be a party to the conditions on which he receives a pardon. This may be provided for by the periods of imprisonment being such, that the minimum, which it may be expedient to enforce, shall be sufficient, when taken in connection with the conditions of the pardon, as a punishment for the offence. The remission of the remaining period of the imprison ment will ensure, as a general rule, the consent of a con vict to any reasonable conditions, or powers may be taken in any alteration of the law, which will give the Secretary of State greater facilities for exercising his discretiot.. appear desirable that it should be introduced as part of the system. It would relieve the Secretary of State from much re sponsibility if a classification of criminals were made by the judge iu passing sentence, who would exercise his dis cretion according to the character of the individual and the attendant circumstances, in the same manner as is now done in the case of the different classes of debtors and misdemeanants. Under such an arrangement, it might be necessary to send certain classes direct to the severest kind of penal discipline, and from thence remove them, to com mence the ordinary routine in separate confinement and public works, so as to preserve in their cases, as in all others, a due gradation of punishment. In connection with this subject, I would again press the importance of the Secretary of State's receiving more ac curate information, than at present, concerning the cha racters of convicts, and the crimes of which they might have been convicted. SENTENCES OF IMPRISONMENT, COMPARED WITH SEN- SECOND PROBATIONARY PERIOD ON PUBLIC WORKS. We now come to the consideration of the second proba tionary period of discipline on public works ; and as the moral result of the discipline to which convicts are now subjected during the period of their imprisonment mainly depends upon the arrangements made for the men working in association after a period of separate confinement, I have felt more than ordinary interest and anxiety that it should be placed on the most effective footing ; and with this view I have spared no pains to render Portland a model on which to form similar establishments. PORTLAND BREAKWATER. Before entering into the different questions which are of interest with reference to the results of the discipline and management of Portland Prison, it may be convenient briefly to advert to the further object of constructing a breakwater, for the formation of a harbour of refuge in Portland Roads, and to the mode of carrying on the work. The attention of the Government was called to the sub ject of " Harbours of Refuge" in 1843 ; and, in conse quence of the recommendation of a select committee of the House of Commons, a commission was appointed to in quire into the most eligible situation for forming a har bour or harbours of refuge in the Channel. The great natural advantages of Portland Bay—its im portant relative position—and the facilities for accom plishing the proposed object, could not fail to claim the attention of the commissioners, who stated in their report —" Our next and last visit was to Portland, which, from from its situation with reference to the Channel islands, and as the boundary of the narrow part of the Channel in this direction, came naturally within the range ofinvesti gation." The result was, the recommendation of the commis sioners " that a breakwater be constructed in Portland Bay, sheltering an area of 1,200 acres." The quarries which produce the well-known Portland stone are situated on the summit of the island, from 300 to 400 feet above the level of the sea ; and the best kind of stone, such as has been used in the construction of St. Paul's, Whitehall, and other buildings, lies under several strata of hard but inferior quality. The quarries were in consequence encumbered with vast piles of refuse stone, which had been removed for getting out the " best bed, ' as it is termed. This debris is made use of in the con struction of the breakwater, and some of the coarse beds are quarried for the same purpose. The stone is removed from the quarries by means of several lines of railways, which are arranged in a series of inclined planes, from the summit to the point where the breakwater joins the shore. The waggons are raised and lowered by wire ropes, working on " drums" placed at the head of each " incline," the loaded train in its descent drawing up the empty one from the breakwater. The waggons, previously to being lowered down the in cline, pass over self-registering weigh-bridges, by which the precise quantity of stone sent down is ascertained. The convicts, besides constructing all the branch lines into the quarries, repair the " plant," and are otherwise usefully employed, and will be enabled when the arrange ments are complete to send down 1,500 to 2,000 tons of stone a day or two. The expense of constructing this great national work, securing a naval station in time of war, or affording shelter and safety to the commercial marine in the long line of coast extending from Plymouth and Torbay to Portsmouth and the Downs, might in consequence be greatly reduced, as almost the whole of the works might be executed by con vict labour. RESULTS OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM. As regards the results of the discipline and industrial training at Portland, which, as before stated, has been more or less dependent upon the means of instruction afforded to the men during their probationary discipline in separate confinement, they may, I trust, be considered to be highly satisfactory. As a body, the men show a spirit of willing and cheerful obedience. The strictest discipline is maintained, with a very small proportion of punishment. The industry of the working parties is remarkable ; and the fact that they ex ert themselves at their laborious occupation is manifested by the circumstance that those who are employed, consti tuting only about four-fifths of the whole body, execute work of a value nearly equal to the entire cost of the esta blishment. Of their moral condition, the chaplain, and those who have the best opportunities of forming an opinion, speak in very favourable terms. On the whole, though I felt very hopeful of success when Portland Prison was first occupied, the results have far ex ceeded my expectations ; and as I have frequently stated before, I would now repeat that, under Providence, it is due to the principle of encouragement held out in the ules and regulations sanctioned by the Secretary of State, and to th judicious and admirable manner in which they have been carried out by Captain Whitby and the governors and chaplains who have had the immediate responsibility of administering the discipline. The foregoing observation will, I trust, have given your lordship a comprehensive view of the present system ; and I trust it will also appear that, taken as a whole, it may claim to be founded upon bread and intelligible principles, and on past experience of much that has to be avoided, and much that affords encouragement to follow. The records of Parliament may be appealed to in proof of the fact, that there have been periods in the history of the convict system of this country when, speaking humanly, the demorialisation of every individual sentenced to trans portation was certain. No matter what might have been his previous character, what the amount of his contrition, or what the sincerity of his efforts and resolutions to retrace his steps, he was placed within the influence of a moral pestilence, from which, like death itself, there was no escape. Any candid and dispassionate inquiry into the condition and prospects of the convicts who have passed through periods of penal and reformatory discipline at Pentonville and Portland, will prove beyond doubt that, to say the least of it, the majority of those now serving are likely, on their release, to be respectable in their station of life, and useful to those who engage their services, and thus realising the anticipations of the Pentonville commissioners, that " a large proportion of our convicts would be qualified on their discharge to occupy an honest position in their own or any other country." THE CONVICT QUESTION. The importance at the present moment of the different questions connected with " transportation," and the diffi culties which will have to be provided for in consequence of its more limited application, imposes upon me the duty of laying before your lordship such statistics and details as will be required in the consideration of the subject. I propose to notice the various points in the following order . 1. Present system of convict discipline, and its expense. 2. A modification of the present system by the estab lishment of district prisons and the estimated expense. 3. Discontinuance of transportation, and substitution of imprisonment at home, and in certain of the colonies, with the estimated expense. 4. Additional prisons, and their probable cost. 5. Probable effect on the annual estimates of carrying out a general system of imprisonment. 6. Females. 7. Disposal of convicts. 8. Measures for assisting discharged prisoners. 1. PRESENT SYSTEM OF DISCIPLINE AND EXPENSE. As regards the general routine of the management, on extract from the notice which is placed in the cell of each prisoner received into the Government prison is an nexed in appendix, page 112, and will give a brief but com prehensive view of the system, which, at least up to the end of 1852, was in operation. It may be observed that it consists of three probationary periods of discipline, viz. :- Ist. Twelve months' separate confinement. 2d. Labour in association on public works for a period proportionate to the sentence. 3d. A ticket of leave in one of the colonies, followed by a pardon, conditional or otherwise. Pentonville and Portland prisons may be taken as ex amples of the first and second periods of probation. The third is a revocable pardon, and it will be observed that the holder of it is subject to certain very salutary restrictions, calculated to deter him from crime, and thus protect the interests of others. The system, though not yet fully developed, may fairly be assumed to have fulfilled, both at home and abroad, the different objects which require to be provided for. It has been a punishment severe in its aspect, but mild in its practical operation ; and there can be no doubt that, whilst the men have been disposed of greatly to their own advan tage, the imperial interests have gained some benefits, without materially prejudicing those of the colonies. EXPENSE OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM. Abstract of the Estimates for the Convict Service for 1852-3. The total number of convicts provided for in the annual estimates is 21,932, and the expense of all the services, as detailed under the separate heads, may be thus stated ? Gross estimates for the convict prisons in Great Britain, for 7,824 prisoners Gross estimates for the convict prisons in Ire land, for 5,246 prisoners 53,912 colonies fo r tr an s Estimate for the removal of prisoners 1 2 ,424 Gross estimates for convict service at Gibraltar, and Bermuda, for 2,650 prisoners 48,842 Estimates for t ra n s p or t services to the Austra lian9s,ooo Estimat e pAottarttsraer;riacnescotolonßieesrm, &c c da and Gi braltar Estimate s f or the 188,744 To l a s l sumi g ro s n s g C:)s h t o t w O e b v e er l , ai t d ha b t h ef t ore e Parliamentlabou c onvicts is j u di c i ously and profitably applied, the real co s t t o the country will be reduced by the value of th e i r Work at home, which may be thus £587,294 stated : r of the Deduct earnings of 15,729 prisoners as follows :- 7,824 in Great Britain at 12i. per head... 293,888 5,246 in Irel an d at 51. per head 2,650 in Bermud a and Gibraltar, at 18/. 26,930 perhead ..................................... 47,700 .67,818 CLASSIFICATION OF CONVICTS. In connection with the subject of a modification of the present system, or other changes, I would submit the ex pediency of establishing a more severe system of discipline, and of enforcing a more protracted term of imprisonment, in the case of men convicted of heinous offences, especially such as were accompanied by violence. This plan has already been partially acted upon by the removal of des perate characters, such as those in the Frimley gang, direct from separate confinement to Norfolk Island, and to the penal gaup in Van Pitmen's Land. But it would TENCES of TRANSPORTATION The average annual number, and respective terms, of sentences of transportation in England and Wales, from 1844 to 1851 inclusive, have been as follows : Life Above 15 years 16 years and above 10 years 10 years and above seven years Seven years Total . 2,328 As regards the sentences of imprisonment proportionate to the present sentences of transportation, it may be con venient to show the scales by which detention in this coun try is now regulated. Exclusive of the restriction of a ticket-of-leave, it is as follows : Sentence of Ordinary term 'Minimum term Transportation. of imprisonment. of Impriso ment 7 years. ... 3 years. ... 2 years. 10 „ ... 4i 31 ... 2 „ 15 -,-, ... 7 7, 20 „ ... 0 ~ Life ... 11i „ In considering the subject, I would venture to submit the following scale of sentences of imprisonment corresponding to the above sentences of transportation, and of the remis sions which it might be found desirable to grant on the principle now in operation : Sentences of Average Sentences Average Perio 1 Transportation. of Imprisonment. to be enfsrced. 7 years. ... 4 years. ... 2 to 3 years. 10 „ ... 6 „ ... 3to 4 „ 15 „ ... 8 $l, ... 4to 5 „ 20 „ ... 10 „ ... sto 6 ~ Life ... 12 „ ... 6 SI Taking into calculation the numbers sentenced to trans portation, as above, for the various terms, and assuming that the same number will be sentenced to imprisonment, the average period, which I have adopted in this scale, will produce an average of between three or lour years of actual imprisonment, previously to the commencement of any arrangements for the disposal of prisoners If the periods of actual imprisonment appear short, I would observe that they include all casualties arising from deaths, and pardons on medical grounds, or otherwise, so that the terms of imprisonment would in reality be pro tracted to a long period in the case of the remainder, and would mainly be determined by the conditions which it might be expedient to annex to a pardon. The solution of the convict question will always present many difficulties, arising from the important and compli cated nature of the objects, both social and financial, that have to We provided for. It involves a choice of evils, but if the Government be forced to make a change, the more simple the alteration in the law, the more effectually will the difficulties be met and provided for, and the nearer will be the approximation to the advantages, which up to this period have been secured under the present system. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. C USTOM-HOUSE—AuG. 28. ENTERED INWARDS.—The Yeldefonsa, from Enos ; IVlandcops, Buenos Ayres ; Hortensia, Archangel ; Ellen, Leghorn ; Reina, Almeria and Seville ; Sarah, Marianople ; Royal Sovereign, Moulmein ; Betsey, Caen ; No, Porto Rico ; Vriendschap, Worcum ; Cheerful, Dantzic ; Omni, Bjorneborg ; Tete, Gualequaychee ; Mary, Telker River ; Uruguay, Prince Edward's Island ; Gazelle, Callao ; Oden, Hernosaud ; Josich, Odessa ; Islander, Barbadoes ; Me dora, Havannah ; Jersey, Berbice ; Brahmin, Singapore ; Sophia Charlotte, Seville ; Billow Queen, Punta Arenas. ENTERED OUTWARDS FOR LOADING.—The Yeldefonsa, for Bilboa ; William Thornborrow, Havre ; Hilja, Kaske ; Catherine Jameisen,Sydney ; Zangare, Melbourne and Sydney ; Hendrika, Konigsberg ; Lucie, Zaan. CLEARED OUTWARDS WITH CARGO.— The Thure, for Stock holm ; William Thornborrow, Havre ; John Gardiner, Elsinore and Cronstadt ; Two Brothers, Dunkirk ; Enge lina, Altona ; Prince of Wales, Calcutta ; Himalaya, Mor ton Bay ; Ancares, Matanzas ; Saladin, Port Philip ; Do mino, Sydney ; Hamilton, Antwerp ; Hermina, G- zeine, Amsterdam ; Adalina, Havre ; New Orleans, Odessa ; Maria Christina, Dram ; Domo, Cape Coast Castle ; In trepid, St. Helena ; Irene, Adelaide ; Christiania, New York ; Arnie Fisher, Ceylon. LIVERPOOL, AUG. 27. The Shooting Star, new clipper ship, has arrived from Quebec, with loss of spars. The Eleanor, Keane, for Maranham, attempted to get to sea this morning, but was obliged to return from the heavy weather. The smack William of Oban, from Wick, went on shore on Great Barb() this morning, and it is feared she will be come a wreck. The Courier, Calcutta to Liverpool, was spoken April 25, lat 4 N., long. 88 E. The Durdonald, Bombay to Liverpool, was spoken May 27, lat. 25 S., long. 54 E. The Queen of the Wave, Calcutta to London, was spoken June 10, lat. 31 N. long. 32 E. The Recorder, Akyab to Liverpool, was spoken June 16, lat. 36 S., long. 24 E. The Orestes, Madras to London, was spoken June 18, lat. 35 S., long. 22 E. The Serenu - s, Madras to London, was spoken June 20, lat. 35 S. long. 19 E. The 'Waller Dunn, Rio Janeiro to Alnwick, was spoken July 25, lat. 14 N., long. 27 E. The Uruguay, Ceylon to London, was spoken Aug. 8, lat. 33 N., long. 38 E. The Emigrant, Port Philip to London. was spoken Aug. 13, lat. 38 N., long. 36 E. The Guatemala, Valparaiso to Liverpool, was spoken June 6, lat. 39 S., long. 79 W. The Shark, for Maranham, was spoken July 29, lat. 12 N., long. 35 W. VESSELS SPOKEN WITH. The Athol (barque), of Liverpool. May 13, lat. 57 S. long, 68 W. The Salcombe Castle, from Liverpool to Melbourne, June 10, lat. 24 S. long, 34 W. The United from Greenock to San Francisco, 15th, out 51 days, lat. 15 S. long. 31 W. The Emily, from Leith to San Francisco, same day. The Calender (probably Callender), of Boston, for New Orleans, from Cardiff, Aug. 14. lat. 46 N. long. 29 W. The Nautilus (brig), for Quebec, Aug. 10, lat. 48 N. The Barclay (schooner), standing west, 11th, lat. 50 N. long. 30 W. The Brutus (barque), 20th, lat. 50 N. long. 8 W. The Annette Gilbert, from Liverpool to Sydney, N.S.W. June 15, lat. 5 N. long. 23 W. The Breadalbane, from Clyde to Melbourne, 18th, lat. 8 N. long. 22 W. The Elizabeth, from Troon to Aden, July 111, lat. 12 N. long. 25 W. The Uxbridge (barque), steering southward, 17th lat. 13 N. long. 27 W. The America (barque), for Quebec, July 29, lat. 45 N. long. 51 W. The City of Hamilton, from London to Montreal, Aug. 11, lat. 50 N. long. 21 W. The Argus (brigantine), from Quebec, Aug. 7, lat. 45 N. long. 50 W. The Montcalm (ship), 14th, lat. 47 N. long. 31 W. The Thetis, from Rio Grande toLiverpool, lat 22 N. long. 32 W. The City of Calcutta, from Calcutta, July 25, lat. 47 S. long. 9 E. The Pegu, from Bombay to Hamburg, July 29, l a t. 19 S. long. 3 W. The Niord (Dutch barque), July 7, lat. 3 N. long. 19 W. The John Dalton and Northumberland (ship) both out ward bound, July 7. _ _ _ The Nelson (brig), from Liverpool to Providencia, Aug. 3, lat. 47 N. long. 42 W. The Spermaceti, from Plymouth for Quebec, lat. 47 N, long. 39 W. The Petchelee, from Liverpool to Calcutta, June 26, lat 16 S. long. 30 W. The Br w ilHaute, from London to Port Philip, July 10, lat 9 N. long. 27 W, The Sir Robert Seppings, from Madras to London, July 2, lat. 35 S. long. 14 E. The Tyne, for Melbourne, May 25, lat, 35 N. long. 15 W. The Sky Rocket, for Melbourne, May 25. The Rowallan, from London to Melbourne May 29, lat. 6 N. long. 23 W. The Albion, for Calcutta, June 2, lat. 3 N. long. 17 W. The Cuba, from London to Algoa Bay, June 25, lat. 28 S. long. 20 W. The Nelson, from Hartlepool to Melbourne, Aug. 20, lat. 47 N, long. 8 W. The Sunda, from Liverpool to Bombay, June 30, lat 36 S. long. 35 E. _ _ The - Scindian, from Calcutta to London, July 3, lat. 36 S. long. 22 E. The Queen of the Isles, from Ceylon to London, July 11, lat. 31 S. long. 12 E. The Termagant (s.), Aug. 14, lat. 42 N. long. 22 W. The Mary Ann Bailey, from Gibraltar to Quebeo, Aug. 12, lat. 41 N, long. 26 W. The Ellen, from Singapore to Malaga, lat. 32 S. long. 32 E. The Jane, from Callao to Mauritius, lat. 26 S. long. 6 E. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—SPORTSMEN'S, DEER-STALK ERS', AND TOURISTS' E XTRAORDINARY T ELESCOPES .— 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe, opposite the York Hotel. - The Royal Exhibition. A valuable, newly-invented, very small powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known one mile and a half distant ; they answer every purpose on the race-course, at the opera-houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 12 to 14 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Telescopes—A new and most important invention in telescopes, possessing such extraordinary powers that some, 3A inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, an d th e double stars ; with the same telescope, weighing only 3 ounces, can be seen a person's countenance three m il es and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They supersede every other ki nd for the w a i s t coat-pocket, and are of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers accordingly. Opera and race-course glasses, with wonderful power; an object can be clearly seen, from 14 to 16 miles distant. Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, opticians, have in vented invaluable preserving spectacle lenses. Immediately they are placed before imperfect vision, every object a ppears clear and distinct; the most aged, defective sight becomes bright and brilliant, is brought to its youthful, natural, and original state. D e afness—New Discovery— The Organic Vibrator, an extraordinary powerful and newly-invented instrument, for Deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass anything of the kind that has been, eh probably ever can be, produced. Being of the same .:,olour as the skin, it is not perceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public as semblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely removed ; and it affords all the s,csist :ince that possibly could be desired. —S. and B. Solomons, Aurists and Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Observe, opposite the York Hotel SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. CONCLUSION OF HEREFORD RACES. FRlDAY.—The — Grand Stand Plate of 50 soya. Mandl- cap). Once round. Mr. T. Stevens's Sleeping Partner by Venison, 5 yrs, Bst 7lb (including 7lb extra) (Yate-) 1 Mr. J. Davies's Butterfly, 4 yrs, 7st (Cliff) 2 Mr. Waller's Octavia, 5 yrs, Bst 51b (including slb extra) The following also ran : Mr. Land's Theodine, 4 yrs, 7st 41b (Land, jun.) ; Capt. Little's Battery, 3 yrs, 7st (Olivier, jun.) ; Mr. C. Price's Gipsy Girl, 3 yrs, 6st 111 b (carried 7st) (Lewis) ; Mr. Davy's Gaffer Green, 3 yrs, Ent 81b (Thomas.) Betting- -2 to 1 agst Sleeping Partner, 3 to 1 each agst Theodine and Batt er y, 7 to 2 apt Butterfly. A. good race ; won by half a neck • about two lengths be tween second and third ; G a ffe r Green a bad fourth. The weights were raised 61b each above those originally fixed. The Selling Stakes of 3 sovs each, with 25 added, for three-yr-olds and upwards, optional selling weights, &c., were won at two heats by Mr. J. Day's Massa Mungo, 5 yrs (501. , lOst 71b, beating Barmaid, 5 yrs (50/.), last 91b, including 51b extra, and three others. The winner was afterwards sold by auction fur 110 guineas. The CITY PLATE of 5 says. each, with 50 added Win ners extra. One mile and a half 17 subs. Mr. J. Davies's Minerva, 3 yrs, sst 71b (Cliff) 1 Lord Caledon's Countess of Theba, syrs, 7st 21b (Stanway) 2 A capital race, won by half a neck. There were two races. At first Battery, Octavia, Waterfall, Countess of Theba, and Minerva, were weighed for, but the last two not being on the ground when the others went to the post, the clerk of the course thought they did not intend to run, and so the race proceeded without them. Battery came in first, beating Octavia by a neck. On going to scale, however Mr. Day objected that Battery had carried 51b over, without declaring it, under a false impression which the jockey entertained that the weights had been raised. Mr. Davies, the owner of Minerva, protested against the race in toto, and n being appealed to, the stewards decided it was void and there should be a fresh race. Battery, meanwhile, was sent home, and Mr. Day de clined to run Octavia and Waterfall. The result of the second race was as above stated. Mr. Day intends, however, to submit the case to the Jockey Club, not withstanding the rule that the decision of the stewards shall be final. _ _ The Aristocratic Welter Stakes, of 5 sovs. each with 20 added, one mile, were wo n in two heats by Mr. Land's Theodine, 4 yrs (601.), I.ost 71b, beating Mr. Bidgood's Kate, aged (601.), list 21b, and three others, The weather was again wet; and the attendance of company only very moderate. RACING FIXTURES FOR 1853 The figures within parenthesis denote the number o day's racing. AUGUST. .29 ...29 SEPTE I Chelmsford (2) 30 Plymouth 3O :MBER. Folkestone, Hythe, and Sandgate l3 Doncaster (4) 13 Dover 15 Pontefract (2) l9 Bedford (2) Leicester (2) 21 Lanark (2) 22 Manchester Autumn (2) 22 Canterbury (2) 22 Newmarket F. 0. (3) 27 Walsall (2) 28 Northallerton. (2) 29 )BER. Warwick Autumn (2) lB Caledonian Hunt and Kelso 18 Richmond (2) 19 Newmarket (H.) (6) 24 ,MBER. Shrewsbury (2) 15 Newton Autumn (1) 24 I Aberystwith (3) Last week Eccles (3) Lichfield (2) Lincoln (2) 1 Bridgnorth Marlborough Cheadle (Staff.) (2) Warwick (2) 6 Totnes & Bridgetown (2) 7 Weymouth Morpeth (2) Western Meeting 8 Rochester &Chatham (2) 8 Western Zoyland and Bridgwater (1) l2 OCT( Chester Autumn (2) 4 Monmouth YorkshireUnionHunt(l) 6 Wrexham (2) Newmarket S. 0. (5) lO NOVE . Worcester (2) Epsom Autumn (2) 3 Cowhridge Hunt (2) 9 Liverpool Autumn (2)..` 9 THE GALE ON FRIDAY. The advices received . on Saturday at Lloyd's, from the different outports, furnished a sad catalogue of the havoc which was occasioned among the shipping during the tremendous gale of Friday last. Between Dover and the North Foreland many casu alties are reported. A number of vessels sought refuge inside the Goodwin, some with loss of spars, or anchors and cables, or other damage, by coming in collision. The French mail boat from Calais was unable to make the harbour of the former port ; she ran for Deal, and, after much difficulty, landed her mail and passengers. Just below Beachy Head two large vessels were lost in mid-day. One was the Brenda, Mr. Buckle master, laden with a choice cargo of timber from Quebec. She had leaked considerably during the voyage, and on beat ing up Channel became almost waterlogged. Encoun tering the gale, and the crew fearing her speedy founder ing, they, for the purpose of preserving their lives, ran her ashore in the vicinity of Newhaven. The coast guard were immediately on the alert, and perceiving from the prodigious surf that was running that no ordinary boat could exist in it, they immediately re sorted to the rocket apparatus, and by that means suc ceeded in throwing a line over the wreck. This com munication being secured, the whole of the crew managed to reach the shore, although in a most pitiable condition. At the time of this being forwarded, there was every appearance of the ship proving a loss. The other vessel was a fine barque, called the Australia, bound to Rio, from Grimsby. It appears that, in anticipation of bad weather, she had brought up on the previous (Thursday) evening, off Shoreham. There she lay exposed to the violence of the gale. She laboured severely, and shortly after daybreak was driven from her anchors and cast ashore nearly abreast of the coast guard station.- The critical situation of the crew immediately excited the attention of those on the look out. No time was lost in launching the life boat, and several brave fellows volunteering to man her, she went off to the rescue of the poor creatures on the wreck. After making her way through a tremend ous sea, she gained the barque, and taking off her un fortunate crew, returned and safely landed them. According to the last accounts, the vessel was fast going to pieces. From Teignmouth, Plymouth, and Falmouth, similar intelligence as the violence of the gale has been re ceived. At Kimmeridge, on the Dorsetshire coast, a new life boat, made by White, of Cowes, was driven ashore during the height of the storm on Friday morn ing. Nothing is known of the crew, if she went out with one to any ship in distress, or to where she be longs. The coast guard have taken possession 6f her. The eastern coast felt the gale severely, and it is feared that the real extent of disasters is yet to be learned. On the Newcowe Sand, just abreast of Lowestoft, the Marmion, Mr. Attwool master, belonging to Weymouth, was lost while on a voyage from l)antzic to Gloucester. She was laden with a valuable cargo. The crew had most dreadful work to save themselves. In the same vicinity the William and Ann, trader, belonging 'to Goole, was overcome by th e s t orm , and foundered on Sizewell Bank. Many other casualties are announced to have happened on the same range of coast. Similar boisterous weather raged on the Durham and Northumbrian coast, where the coasters had a most severe trial. THE ARMY. Captain D. W. Pack's company and field battery of the Royal Artillery, which has been for some time under orders of readiness for removal, on Friday morning re ceived the route for a speedy departure from Kilkenny. The first division marched at one o'clock to Thomas town, where they halted, en route for Waterford, from which they are to embark on the 30th inst., for Bristol. The second division is also to embark at Waterford on the 6th of September, proceeding thither, on being re lieved at Kilkenny by a demi-battery from Athlone on the 2d. Captain Pack is the son of the late Major-Ge neral Sir Denis Pack, and his departure from Kilkenny in which he has been quartered for some months, is a source of general regret to the citizens, whose sincere respect and esteem was largely accorded to him, not so much from the prestige of his family connections as from the many amiable and truly excellent qualities which adorn his personal character. A detachment of the 9th Regiment, consisting of 50 rank and file, with a proportion of officers, under the command of Major Lister, of that corps, proceeded f r om Clonmel to Dungarvan ast Tuesday morning, to rein force the detachment at that post during the election for the borough. CRICSET.—The return match between the officers of the 68th Light Infantry, at present stationed in Newry, and the officers of the 12th Regiment, stationed in Bel fast, will come off on the Newry cricket-ground during the first week in September. 68TH LIGHT INFANTRY DEPOT, NEWRY.—A series of dramatic performance s , by permission of Major Harry Smith, com man di ng this depot, has for some time back been sustained, at monthly intervals, by a corps of non commissioned officers and privates of the companies stationed at Newry. On Thursday evening last there was a full attendance of officers and men, together with a fair proportion of civilians, to witness the en tertain ments, consisting of The Charcoal Burner ; or, the Dropping Well of Knaresborough ; a comic song for in terlude, and the farce of The Man with the Carpet Bag. The stage, scenery, and dresses have been got up with admirable skill and good taste. It is generally believed that Major-Gen. Sir De Lacy Evans is to have one of the vacant regimen t s, r e the ,ir 2d Queen's Roy a l s , or th e 21st Fusiliers. Ma jo -Go .S . Richard D o h er ty i s to succeed Major• Gen. Bunbury in the command f the troops at Jamaica. This appoint ment will cause a vacancy in the Clothing Board, of which Sir Richard was one of the acting committee.— United Service Gazette. [ADVERTISEMENT.] --The Earl of Aldboroughand Hol loway's Pills.—An astounding cure by this miraculous medicine after every other means had failed. See ex tract from his lordship's letter, dated " Villa Messina, Leghorn, Feb. 21, 1845. To Professor Holloway. Sir, —I beg to acquaint you that your pills have effected a cure of a disorder in my liver and stomach, which all the most eminent of the faculty at home and all over the Continent had not been able to effect—nay, not even the waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad. (Signed) ALDBO ROUGH." These wonderful pills will cure any disorders of the liver or stomach —Sold (also Holloway's ointment) at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand, London and by all medicine Tenders throughout the kingdom. JI A RKETS. HADDINGTON—Ata. 26. The following are the prices of grain at our ro t° ;o-clay I OATS. I 8bA 06 1 5. 24s Od 46s .1. 22s 6d 44s Al I 21s Ocl I 40s ld s 7736 soold 186 s':'! '• q .£2 16 10 7-12tts 2 4 2 2 9 8 3301 qrs., . 23 s 0 1 15 4 10-12ths 1 2 6 5-120 is 2 4 2 1-12tts WHEAT. I BARLIY. First... .. 62s Od 39s Od Second .... 56s 101 35s 4d Third Total quantity of whbat in market, PP PP barley „ oats PP , If ff ueans Average of witoat Ditto of Barley .. Ditto of Oats .. Ditto of Beans .. DALKEITH GRA_ ARKET—AUG. 25. Qrs. Best. Current Inferior. 359 Wheat 59s Od 387 Oats 25s 0 t 134 Barley 39'' 6:1 6 Peas & beans 4 & 0.1 Avera.zo of wheat, 2/. 16s 90. ABE AD E EN—Au G. 26. The prices of grain are—Old oats, OOs Od to 40 pet 00 0 (11 ' 401bs per Lusbel; iew oats, 1,4 s Od to jl's 6d, barley bushel •, bore, 3Us Od to OOs Od, 531bs per bushel ; 30s Od to 00;;)d, 531bs per bushel ; wheat, re d, 00s Od, 621 o; per bushel; wheat, white , 56s Od•to II; 621bs pei ou.shtl ; oatmeal, 15 8 9 d tc 16s 6d per Ibs lb flour, 423 Od 4.is 6d per sack. Provisions—Beef, . 5d to 8d ; mutton, Aittl, M to a ; veal, ditto, 5d to ,`, 4 77 , pork, per lb, Os Mto Os 6,1 ; saLaien, per lb, od to Os r;", rabbits, each, Od to Od ; tallow, r er stone, 4s Od to 46 . 1 .,7 : potatoes, per peck, 8d to 00d ; ,tt3r, per lb, 101 to a eggs, per doz, Os 7d to Os 8(1; hens ' ditto, pe r pair,. 0 6,1 3a Od ; chi c k ens , ditt o , is 31 L 2s Od; ducks, ~ to 2s C 1 • ducklings, b ditto, of 6d to OS Oki b u tte each, 33 0 2 ,1 to 4s Od ; geese, (ditto, 3s Od to 4s Od• Os for ex-ort a t io n (p reben t ure), per cwt, 88s to priceo ditto (ninni..r cured), OOs to 00s Od ; eggs , wholesale P°rl; lamb, dozen, b,per .34dd to Od ; 41b loaf, 7d 21b loaf, 3. (1 ,1A! fine small, Os Od to Os Od • pork, large, Os Od to Os ' 5s 6d to lb., vs bd to 8d ; cheese, per imperial 4°l° DUBLIN—Auc. 26. White wheat, 26s to as Oa ; -ed. ditto, barley, 13s Od to l es 6d ; oa t s , Ds 6d to 13s 6d; ratsi3O 00s Od to 00s per brl ; ()Ames', its Od to 13s Od; ,L 0 flour, 14s Od to 203 Od per cwt; hula./ cor n, 28s Od to 0" per 480 lbs. 25s Od to 29,0046/1 CORK-AuG. 26. Curreaq' White w'teat 00s 0 , 1 to OOs Od Os Od-20 sto itedalioa 60s Od to OOs Od Ditto 90s 6d to OOs Od 00® o c l-40 do. Ditto OPs Od to 00s Od Barley tlOs 9d to 00s Od) Ditto OCA Oct to Otis Od OOs Od-- ,1644° ' Ditto COs Od to O( Od 4 Bere lie 2d to lie 9d Os Oil 217 Oats Ditto Ols Od to Os Od} 00s Brie. Ditto old • OUs Od to 00s Od, a t " Pigs Quantity sold at the highest prices : 510r6 00 balms white wheat ; 0 red ; 0 barley.. 13 oats; t: pigs. Qukntity of grain and numoer of pigs sold last Wheat, 19. Barley, 0. Bere, 31. Oats, 102 Return of cattle sold for week ending Aug. ill ) Pigs, 416 Sheep, 555. Cows, 74. 0, lB' CORK.— Eotzr—First, 155 6d to 17s Od ; extrs , ori seconds, 13s Gd Ls, 15s Od ; households, lOs to 12s 4 ) 41 75 9 , 1 7s to 9s Od pet cwt. Meal--Indian meal, 7s 6,1t0 1. of oatmeal, lls 6d to 12s 6(1; wheattmeal, lOs to lls tad X 59 Indian corn, 71 lOs 0(1 to 71 15'; Id per ton. Br at ' , av ereg to 4/ 15s0d per ton. Hay -Farmers, 2550 d to 42s so w 375; dealers, 50s Od to 60s Od ; ay - et - Age, 05 per top • 01 01 Farmers, 22s Od to 34s Od ; aver:Te 28s ; dealers , 00s Od ; average, Os. per ton. fire...id. - Wheaten I O P ' lld Od; kousehold ditto, 6d to Od per 41b.—Fresh bu tter ; 12d per lb. Eggs, 5s Od to Os ud per hundred. 111 65 , 5,1 1 40 to 8.1 ; mutton, 50 to 60; veal, 5d to 8 a ' 10°1.0,00 6d ; bacon, 7d to 8d ; sausages, 6d per lb.— Fish, to 00 land, 001. Os to 001 Os per ton ; Scotch herrings, ous piny Red, do., 30s per brl.--Potatoes, white, 6d to rd; ow, 8d to 9d.— Coals, Newport, 20s ; Lydney, 20s ; 9 ,110 Od per ton.—Wwskey, 25 0.p., Os 10d per imperi. fct. R Hides, market, .IJs to 365; Salted, :-lOs to 38s pe r r ton' skins, 3d per lo Bangor slates 21. 17s. 6d to 3/. 1 401. P Fleece wool, 19s to 2)s per stone.--Hemp, 3 51 . ° pa/ d ° ton—Timber, Memel, 41. 5s ; reei pine, 31. 15s ; J rk , se' 3/. ss. per ton ; deals, 191. to 20/. per hundred.—""..fler 8/. to 10/.los. per ton. --Tallow, 63s td to 54s per cw ova 71. lOs t• 01. per cwt.- Tar, Arch •.ngel, 195. per bat' Peravian, 121. Us to 001. per to-i. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, AUG. 27. be en be STOCK EXIIIIANGE.—The share market has tremely dull again to-day, and our quotations ratATOA. low yesterday's brices :—Caledonian, 3311 • Ea s te „ 11 ,00 ° ; ties,l3i ; Lano ishire and Yorkeinape, 751 ; - 1 -" 1- $0w - North-Western, lA. L 101; 714 f ; South and Dover, 21 a 1 a 1. BIRMINGHAM, Au =. 27. 0 • ti; i STOCK EXCHANGE.—Shares were rather firm I. _A , sc' , market to-day, but the transactions were contilv",,/ k sively to dealings in local stocks. Shrewsbury i '" minghams were done as high as 63. LEEDS, AUG. 27. ", he STOOK EXOHANGE.—Shares are ver y flat , c la9 t 0 scarcely anything doing. Prices have in conseqee ire 0 .4: receded. The oily tran sac ti ons are —L anc oll , Yorkshire, 751 754 ; L ee d s N or th ern 15i ; Litt 0, Western, 8 ; and 'York and North Midland, 29 SEABORNE MALLS. (N signifies that the mails are sent from the Genera ! ru by the night—and M by the morning —dispatch.] oe% ,ttie c I J. frigl3 COUNTRIES. Day when made up From what ,j'Of, A i° j. in General Lost- Port re ,._,. ,.' - Office, London.* Dispatched. ---.- • - —....-...----, . 0 .0 41 Americathyßrit.pack)N Every Friday .. Liverpool .••• ' - America (by United Sts. tit $O packet) ..........N Sept. 6 .......... Liverpool •• ' A America (by U States '4,3P ' t I ° packet) ..........N Aug. 30 .. • • ...... Southatnpto n,•• Australia (via South- , Sept : ampton) ..........M Sept. 4 .......... SonthamPto . S e pt. Ditto (via Marseilles) N Sept. 8 ..4410 Ditto (via Cape of cioed Up cB '9B Hope) ............N Sept. 14.......... Plymouth • • AO 9 Africa ( West Coast)..N August •%8........ Plymouth •• A ug. 2 4 Alexandria.......... NB, 9, 24, &30of m Dover •• • •,,,.; Sep t ' 1 Alexandria ..........M 4th & 20th o f mon . SouthamPw" Sept Bahamas ...........M 2nd of the month SoutnamP tm : Da' l l l 6 Belgium ............N I iafiy............ Brazil ..............M 9th of th e mou th.. southampto! se pt ; 4 Buenos Ayres ........M 9th of the month.. Sour hamP t° ' Aril 1 Cape of Good Hone ..N 14th o f th e mon th Plymouth •• A Cape of GI2 ood Hope .. Dover ...• • , sa t. 14 Plymouth " I t irrio Cape de Verde ......N 14th of the month. Plymouth •• I A Ceylon (see India) • Arr i n'' Ceylon ..............N 14th of the m on th Plymouth •• , r , ipi Channel Isles ........N Mon ~Wed ,&Frid. couthamin c , n sePt• Chili .... .. .......... M 4cl & 17th of month SouthamPt°' Jv China (see India) . Jog,' 4 , Constantinople ......N 7,8,17,21,&27 of m. Dover • • •;„• , SeP" e rjs l •‘ Constantinople ........ 4th & 20th of mon. SoutheinP w' vie Cont. of Europe 11 & N Twice daily ......Dover.• •• " I AO' Egypt (see India) 1 •et , .• Tw• 4 . 4 France .. .. M & N Twice daily ...... Dover •• " ~, SeP"' Gibraltar ........M 4,7, 17, 20, 27 ofm. South ar opto , ' t• I Greece (see India).... 31 S e P . Greytown ...... , 2nd & 17th of mon. •qiuthliniP ton . Tue, itOS Hamhurgh ...... .. ..N i Tuesday & Friday London • • •,... s e pt•Ajt , Ilavannah .......... M 2nd of the month SouthaulP tu . !MOOT Holland ............M Wednesday & Sat. London • •: o • a 'SeP t : 4 Honduras . . India (viaSouthampt.)M 4th & 20th of mon. SouthalnP O . se pt. India (via Marseilles)M;Bth& 24th of month Dover .• • " AO lonian Isles (see India)! A ton se. Twievi an Ireld M & NlTwlce daily ...... Holyhea d " 't 16 • - Lisbon ..............M 7,9, 17, & 28 of m. SouthaulP s epi. 01 Madeira ............M 9th of the month SouthattiP w .. 'Avg. Madeira ............ N Aug. 28...• • • ..• • Plym outh 9 9 - Malta (see India) Aug • Malta ............ .1i 7,17,19,28, 30 ofm. Do ver •. •• i f eci Mauritius (see India) V P I oth • • o t, Mauritius ..........N 14th of the month PlYi n , - ",, u mo to Sc t ,, 2 Mexico • ..M 2nd of the month. Eihti t "'" -- • . Ser t. I .i . Naples . -.- • ......Nlsthlsth2sthofmon. I DOW' Sew Granada ......M I2d & 17th of month!Sout ham - P7 t ..i r : 6 V e r Pce .. rt r New Ze11and..........18y private ship ~ I Various P ww . Seln,. 4 Papal States ..Nlsthl6th2,thofinon. Dover in.._•.:o, seP;,. I Peninsula .. ........ yi I'th I 7 th2Bthotmon Souths_l' to • seP'S Peru ..............M 41 & 27th ot mon -:outhlw,7,' .. Al l : . 1 F•irt Natal ..........N 14th of the month' r i y mou L. , Lepl 2 Dover •.• :::: sep,''' . 1 Sicily ... Tuscany .. .........N sthlsth2stholitton. Lover •_,.. to d,eP b Venezuela . ... ....M 2cl & !7th of nonth Souttlann" Van I iiemen . 's Lana eee I „t. l Australia) - . . - w ill i i , West Indies the Mai racil 6 ( tbe * When any of these dates .a.l ••1 A ' UndaY tiOn ° I the tCD ej dispatche ion the following dly , IT -a t ( exceP in Da dispa Southampton), and the Malta, boCt , whic h W day preceding. Bt IT bS• OF A sON• Ar eir On the 24th inst., at the seat of her fath er ' , °le P c i' , l3 bishop of Dublin, tv.e wife of Charles Brent V1:1"?', to ,t e On the 11th April, at the station of the •alle e r a stra i° ' Aboriginal r, saves, at Port Lincoln, s o uth A de ojcle• Mrs. Matthew Hale, wife of the Archdeacon of ''''' OF A DAUGHTER. vainbt lil l On the 23th inst., at Na. 26, Albany-street, -v tou rer e the wife of John Stuart, Esq., secretary and tre I'l t il° the Bank cf Bombay. kerfie - ` ' On the the 24th inst. at her father's house, Che e— j3re° wife of Bernard Edward Bodlitust, ESC! , I°lver street. On the 27th inst., at the Briti 130 ,01 MA Alii iv . by the Willi George 1 " , • , Drury-, Al. ~ n , son of te,btet Broke, Esq , post Captain, R...i., sec . o u na de' ee Sir Philip . 13roke, Bart ,to Albimi a Marta, s ee° , A A ffo of Thomas Evans, Es q., of L • ster, So se— ' Re" - i ruin _ ~,,,. .qt.try, to. shAErabassY, at ~ thu e On the 24t'a inst , at the eh arch of I. '" ' c r owle , ~,,,g , , Bristol, Henry W. J. Ellis, Esq., surgeon' -1' ''''' colnshire, eldest son of the late Phineas l T o tric e ' .. 35th Royal Sussex Reiment, to M try col-9031°' e H lde M st daughter of Rc Bert Ell is, Esq.' surge°l3' parade. biti h DIED. On the 24th inst , at Templesowerby, Lilian Constance, . daughter of Sir Yolyneux oYde o f bro s n e o pe o, coe'' Bart., aged five week s. 31 . 0 , gill, 1 , 0 0, On the 26th inst , aged 33 yeast 1 ow Walton -11P daughter of 'Thomas . Hill, Eig oerbyshire, at her residence, Penr,ilt, B , in gor•__ . , t Goorg e 4 On tae Oth of June, at .r,' 'ango9n, L ieu o t oo o t4 ; ol 8.9° v R D o em be p r s t t ß er ro ß wn roza E e s , q. Ist Bengal .P'usilier e P ode t cern e tre jes O ty n ,e th sh e i 2 p d of June, accidentally drowne d, 6 r her '''.- Po, M_ r. George Herrick Burnaby, . , RN. Ta ste " _....e Polyphemus, aged 23. vo riar LONDON : PriaLo: Pub.tibhed by .11V-09 ./40 of No. 112, Strand , Printer, at Ole Sun °doe , 00 0 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in thi ° Atonday, Asztut S~3 , AP , t ..., . .a~ `'r t' .4 i7 11) 1 11] p r tieor kveerraeli, PIAi l , Beet '°ll3l Oa t yep 11. 1 1‘;18tor G nat —l ‘ge b ra! 4 pt Ak aiti 0 1, ; 4 1'T s "'ph 4 01 , 47, Gep rße 4 ''• 113 4 4. , rk Eiyorle Cou AStt, Itle' l n teB Sr Q 0 1 , 71 • Ates,r,. AI N ss . 14 t r i , Th, 3 ' ti the stk, t o ;;;;4,t e i,. i s , I t , , :ea s 0 ; 4 4 ' C'4 aih 4 a, t ,t , t 1: t %9 1 1 .;, 4 , 4 4 /a t , 1.4;.'t1 „ • 141,1 41, 1 4 ' 24 .1 11l iNttLY, P r 1 Ot 1 / 1 11 sl' ON Child .......... 3, A ~_.....