The Sun. — London, England, 1822-01-22 00:00:00

FOREIGN LNTELIAGENCE. PARIS, JAN. 19.—A Royal Ordinance of the 'Pei instant suppresses the Director-Generalship Of the Departmental Administration and Police, delegates the duties of the General Adminis tration of the Communes to the Counsellor of State, Baron Capelle, and authorizes the Mi nister of the Interior to nominate a Director of Police to be employed by him in. commu iiicating decisions and instructions. Another It oyal Ordinance, dated the 26th of Uacember, re-embodies the ten local companies Mitch were disbanded in 1817. • it is affirmed that letters, written from Madrid al the post was leaving that capital on the night of the 7th, announce that the King has at length dvided on accepting the resignations of the Mi nisters, who have long wished to retire. Their successors are not named, but it, is said that the oldest Chiefs of the Ministerial departments will transact business with the King, until, persons an be found to undertake the unpleasant zloty; of Ministers in the present state of Spain.— (Gazette de France.) Letters from Saragossa, of the 9th of this month, state that tranquillity is restored in the province, hut that the Political Chief Queralto, and all the Members of the Municipality, have signed an Address to the King, demanding the dismissal of. Ministers.—This Address was sent . to Madrid by an express.—(Thid.) The losses sustained by the merchants in the port of Genoa, in consequence of the late storms, ate estimated at more than eight millions. Prince Galitzin, Aide-de-Camp of the Empe ror of Russia, is expected in Paris. The Berlin Official Journal announces that the Editor of the Warsaw Gazette was put into confinement for twenty-four hours, for having inserted in his journal, without the Emperor Alexander's previous permission, an Ode, ad dressed to his Majesty, entreating him to declare li4r against the Turks. FRENCH FUNDS. Jan. 18, Five per Cents. Bank Stock 1535 f. c. JAN. '2.—We have letters from Corfu down to December 18, which contain au thentic accounts from the Morea. This month has been very fruitful in important events. Al ready on the c2d the Greeks entered PaLras after a most obstinate attack. The Turks had pre viously pillaged and set it on fire. The Greeks having received considerable reinforcements on the 18th November, attempted an assault, but in vain. Jussuf Pacha retired into the forts of the Dardanelles, after the action lie bad before Pa tras. An equally favourable result has crowned their efforts in the environs of Corinth. The Commandant of the Castle of Acrocorinth has made a proposal to join them if they will restore him his son, who was made prisoner at Tripo lizza, leave him the command of his corps of 9.,000 Albanians, and restore to him his treasures which they have taken. This proposal was sent to tho Senate at Calamata, who replied that they left it to he decided upon by the Military Chiefs. it is not known what they have determined, but at all events the war may be considered as ter minated in this district. The fortress of Modon has surrendered by capitulation. In the enviroNs ':of Napoli di Romani. the Turks have suffered jc . onsiderably ; the castle , which is in their power, but a heap of ruins. The Commandant had 9ffered to capitulate on the 13th November, hut the Greeks rejected every offer of capitulation. The new Govermnent gains in strength and cre dit, since several foreign adventurers have been excluded from the direction of affairs. Demetrius Ypsilanti has at length assumed the dignity of General in Chief of the Army of Coron. The Deputies of the several provinces continue to ar rive at Calamata, and it is certain that the great National Assembly will be united there about the new year. A report is spread that Odysseus has gained a new victory near Thermopyla: : the Greeks are stated to have suffered some loss, but the Turks are wholly destroyed, though 4,000 strong, and little inferior in number to the Greeks. Some pieces of artillery are said to have fallen into the hands of the victors. Fr..mtrowr, JAN. 13.—The last accounts from Zante, dated the 24th ult., state that Na varin has just fallen into the hands of the Greeks, acd that Napoli di Romani, Coron, and Modon, .will soon share their fate. Patras no longer exists ; it has been reduced to ashes, and its ruins are only to be seen. The Turks occupy the Castle ; but if even they were not besieged by the Greeks, it would be impossible for them to procure supplies of provisioA . Zante is trao- cpii., and it would seem that the execution of tfie live Chiefs of the Insurrection had reduce d the others to order. Their dead bodies are still ex posed' on a mountain near the .Castle, to deter others from imitating theirexample. VIENNA, JAN. 7.—The news • .from the fron tiers of Turkey informs us that several Turkish corps, especially Asiatics, have lately arrived in the Principalities of -MoldaVia and Wallachia, v, mere the whole Turkish force may be estimated at 80,000 men. The petition of the Jewish.com rnunity to obtain a reduction of the war contri bUtion has been very. ill, received at Jassy. The Deputies sent on this mission have received the bastinado, and an extraordinary contribution of t4,000' ducats has been the fruit of their en deavours. (Extract of a Private Letter.) —We are as . sured that all the Russian army, called the Army of the South, has been in motion towards the Pruth, since the 23d December, and that three divisions passed the Dniester on the 26th, during a part of the flight. • The troops are fur nished with bread Tor I's days. 'The villages on the, banks of the Pruth are so crowded with troops that it appears impossible for this state of things to continue. In Bessarabisa it isoxpressly forbidden that any intimation of the route of the troops should be given. We are told at the same time that the Ottoman troops have begun to evacuate the principalities. of Moldavia and 'Wal lachia. This gives rise to a thousaod conjectures. important news are expected. Our Stock.joh hers assure us that the Russian troops will occupy the principalities by virtue of a convention; others, on the contrary, assert that fresh rein- forcements had arrived for the Turks at Jassy on the 28th December.—On the Ist December, a Turk-made au attempt to assassinate : the Prince Milosch, ,Chief of the Servians, but the Prince saved himself by killing the assassin Au insur reetion`amoing..tlt4 Servians is thought.highlY-pro bable. NUREMBERG, JAN 13.—1 t is asserted that the Turkish Commandants in Moldavia and Wa lachia have declared that these two Principalities would be formed into a Pachalick, rand its Hos podars consequently abolished: The last letterslrom Constantinople announce, in the most positive manner, that a large. fleet of transports Was, , getting ready at the Dardanelles, to probeed with a numerous body of Asiatic troops either to the Morea or to Candle. In the South of the Morea a foreign corps, to consist of 3000 : Men, is organizing. A second corps of foreigners is. also forming in Etolia. BERMANsTADT, DEC. 28.—(xtract from a Priz4e have just learned that the heavy artillery of the Turks (fifteen pieces) has been transported from Jassy to Braila, near the Danube, without any opposition on the part of the Janissaries, who had at first opposed it. The Porte seems to have decided on the evacuation of 'Moldavia in case of war, and on the concen tration of all its farces on the banks of the Da nube, where the greatest part is "already , assem bled. The fortresses of Braila, Silistria, and Rust chak, are re-victualled, and_ strongly . garrisoned. The Seraskier Schapan Oglu has established his head-quarters at Silistria. Before their depar-, ture they will no doubt burn all the towns and villages of Moldavia. The'Principal force of the Russians is concentrated • near the mouth of the Pruth, on the Danube ; but for the last week immense bodies of 'Russian troops have been pouring into .Bessarabia, having passed the Dniester. As they could not all pass Chitym, two bridges of boats were constructed ' near MOcklew,• which were destroyed by the ice, but afterwards rebuilt. The troops who have already entered . Bessarabia have been obliged to send back their wives on this side the Diteister. The Pratt' is guarded by strong detachments of infantry. General Wittgenstein has moved his head-quarters. from 'l'ulezin to Kischekow.—: Large numbers of ammunition waggons and Con greve rockets passed by Chotym the day before yesterday. Bitusscl.s, IG.—Accounts from Batavia to the, 1-Ith September state, that the* cholera worbus had nearly ceased. SPAIN. CADIZ, JAN. I.—The, Ministers of War and the Interior have returned to the charge against General Jaureguy and the Political Chief. They have expressed to them, in the King's name, his Majesty's displeasure at their not surrendering the authority into the hands of their successors. The two letters have been printed in our journal, with the following observation by Jaureguy " I announce the - above to the public in order that they may be acquainted with the facts. I wish to state at ti-e'same time, that though Senor Romarete and myself are disposed to obey the orders of the Government, we have resolved, with one common accord, to suspend the execu tion of the measures ordered with the view of maintaining the tranquillity of the city, and of making the Government sensible of the necessity of their proceeding for the stability of our politi- cal Constitution." A courier extraordinary has been dispatched to Madrid with the above resolution ; and to day, which is the second anniversary of our re generation, we intend to repeat the oath en graved on our hearts no more to obey any orders proceeding from the present Ministry.—We ex pect the immediate arrival of the Infanta Don Francisco Paul, the King's brother. He is to embark here for Mexico, whither he proceeds with unlimited powers. 13.incELos.t, JAN. s.—Letters are said to bare been found from the Captain-General, Villa Campa, to the Ministers, professing his adherence, and promising, by his authority, to secure the adherence of the province. But he had greatly over-estimated his own character and influence. At present a sort of fugitive, he is expected to make his entry into the town, along with the Po litical Chief, and others of the constituted att thbrities who have been absent during the epi demic, on Monday next, when it is expected he will appear in public with the greatest meekness, _ _ and even humility of deportment. The events of the fever at Catalonia, and the laws of health generally , which take precedence . _ of all other parts of the constitutional code, will form a subject of interesting discussion at the open ing of the new Cortes. Opinions here, respecting the ca►>se of that malady, have recently undergone a very considerable change. To do the physicians of Barcelona justice, they never entered generally into the absurd views of Dr. Pariset and the French and Carthagena Medical Commissions, although they were overborne by the fancied weight of the authority attributed to the former body ; their pernicious doctrines were applied, and the people, in consequence, perished twenty-fold. The Members of the Medical Academy at Bar celona, containing all the principal Physicians of the place, assemble twice a week at Dr. Mac lean's lodgings,. to report the facts which fell under their personal observation, and to discuss the phenomena of the pestilence. On Saturday and Wednesday they assembled - to the number of fourteen. They appear to be generally con vinced of the non-existence of contagion as the cause of the recent malady ; and even to re nounce that delusion in epidemic diseases uni versally. It is supposed that they will sign a declaration to that purport, notwithstanding the terrifying assertion of Dr. Pariset, that" to deny contagion; is to deny God." BAYONN . E, JAN. B. Letters from Madrid state that the authors of a publication, charac terized by the Jury as seditious in the second degree, entitled " Numerical State of the Fo reign Troops on the Frontiers of France and Spain, and of the Aggressions of the French and English on Spain and Portugal," have been con demned by the Court of First Resort to four years' imprisonment, and payment of the ex , pences of the process. Mn.. PIIISENT'B SYSTIM TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLR - THE MOIL OF. _______ LIVERPOOL, • FIRST LORD OF THE TREASUII, &C. &C. &C. Mr I,ollD—l:had the honour of addressing your Lordship on or about the 9th of September last ;. among other topics, respectfully informed your Lordship, that I had, after many years' research, discovered that our distress arose not from tile amount, but from the mode of taxation, and from an ignorance of the mighty resources of the British Empire ; and I then of fered, on certain.reasonable conditions, to make your Lordship and Colleagues - actin:tinted with a system of Commerce and Finance combined, which would bring those mighty resources into action, unfold the latent energies of the nation, and effee -tually remove the embarrassment under which all tho industri ous classes are to a certain extent now labouring. ' I also informed your Lordship, that when ()VII. Revenue was only stationary ; our population, wealth and , power, far from being in a thriving cond►tion, were undergoing a depression of about •lA per cent. per annum ; and, Coat when our Revenue actually declined at the rate of 24 per cent., not fewer than a million of our people were morally, plipically, and politically rendered non-effective to the state, and that were we in a sound moral and - political state, our Revenue from the same taxation would increase at the rate of 2A per cent. per annum. • - These truths, as•well att-the whole contents of that Letter, I now beg.leave io'reiterate, and further to express my 'surprise, .that such it communication should 'in the present distressed state of the country have been treated by your Lordship with silent contempt; I- think the more of this treatment, as my measures, in spite of your own to the contrary, wouhl,. if adopted, have a tendency to keep yout Lordship and Colleagues in power. I also crave permission to. add to tile remarks which I made. in that Letter, a few observations on a-subject which has since come to my'knowledge. I have been informed, that when a de putation representing the lest India interest waited on Minis ters, inorder to request that a protecting duty might be laid on foreign cotton, your Lordship objected to the adoption of this measure on, these two grounds :—First, that it would.. be impo litic to do any thing which might disturb our friendly, relations with the United States - of .America; and Secondlye_that our manufactures would be injured by being deprived of Sea Island Cotton, and that the sale of Illenecwould in consequence be di - . minished in the foreign - rarket: • In reply to thefirst objection, I can only say, that I hope and trust that the prosperity of my country will not be sacrificed to foreign interests (where there is notreaty), through the ignor ance or cowardice of any man or set of men. At the same time, - I would beg your Lordship calmly to consider how far the manifestation of such a repugnance to break existing arrange ments with the United States, may be the means of consolidat ing a lasting peace with that country ; and also, whether such timidity of conduct does not give your political opponents co lourable reason to hint, that your Lordship and Colleagues are as ready to seize occasions of coping with your necessitous coun trymen, as you seem to be backward to encounter foreign hos tility, and to enforce'. the just rights, and to pursue the un doubted interests, of the country. 1 do not pretend to be a competent judge of the merits or de merits of the conduct of Ministers on 'those occasions to which I have alluded, and therefore I will not hazard an opinion on the subject; but this 1 will boldly - say,-(and I say it without fear of contradiction), that had our systems of commerce and finance been corrected and made perfect in the year 1815 (being about the time the war ceased, and I gave notice of their imperfec tion for peace measures), our entire population would havS. been provided with profitable employment, and being cense qiiently occupied and happy ithome, would not have been in duced by the writings and speeches of seditious individuals to afford Ministers opportunities of displaying their humanity. I have further to observe, in answer to the first objection, that I am ready to prove, on the principle that the profitable employment of our people constitutes the wealth and prosperity of the nation, that the British-Empire sustains an annual loss of more than 20 millions sterling;, by manufacturing from fo reign instead of Colonial and British India cotton. In this sum I include, and have made allowance for, the profit which we should derive from the employment of half a million of our people, and 150.000 tons of our shipping, if we were to gra dually exclude, by protecting duties, the former description of cotton from our market. lam free, however, to acknowledge that your Lordship and your Colleagues are not sing filar in over-rating the value of our cotton manufactures to ,eaie state, for there is scarcely a person, however higheot-tow his rank may be, who does not believe that all things are going on well, so long as our cotton spindles are in motion. No one consi ders how inconsiderable are the numbers whom they maintain in activity when compared with the whole population of the Empire, nor how our other interests are sacrificed to its sup port, yet the prosperity of this manufacture is universally deemed an infallible criterion of national prosperity, whilst in effect it may be only encroeehing on our native woollen and linen manufactures, and providing payments for a branch of foreign industry, which is gradually exhausting' these natural sources of wealth, revenue, and power, and which I calculate has already deprived of employment, and been the means of demoralizing, a twentieth partof our native population. When it is also considered, my Lord, that all but East. India cotton is cultivated by slaves, that we profess to be averse to slavery, that a less duty is charged on cotton wool (according to its value) than on sheep's wool, hemp, or flax, although these sup ply our native manufactures ; at the same time, to any one ca pable of correct calculations, it must be plainly seen that our native wool, hemp, and flax, pay to the state no less in their production than 50 per cent. on their real value,promote freedom, depress slavery, and increase the wealth and eolitical power of the Empire, consequently their (the wool andA linen manu factures) excess of taxation, not only tends to injure themselves anti the Empire, but acts as a stimulus and bounty to the pro duction of foreign cotton, as well as to support African slavery, and foreign shipping ; now it is worthy the consideration of every good Englishman how far such impolitic and ruinous measures proceed from the ignorance of our Legislature, or from the influence of certain individuals having particular interest in this cotton manufacture, _ and who use an undue influence with Ministers, to obtain these protections at the expence of our woollen and linen manufactures and of the community. In answer to your Lordship's second objection, that we should be deprived of Sea Island Cotton for our Manufactures, I have to observe, that the superior quality of the varioue cotton ma nufactures of India proves the fallacy of what is said with re spect to the superiority .of the Sea Island Cotton ; and I have been informed that the mere uncertainty of receiving an ade quate supply of cotton from India and from our Colonies, an uncertainty occasioned solely by the want of due _protection, and not by the inferior quality of the cotton itself e is the only reason why oar Manufauturers do not adapt their machinery to the use of this cotton ; be this however as it may, a protecting duty for India and. Colonial Cotton, would no more prevent the importation of Sea island Cotton, than the protecting duty which was created to promote the consumption of West India Rum, prevents the importation of Foreign Brandy. A pro tecting duty of this sort would only act as a bounty on the pro duction of cotton in British India, and such of our Colonies as possess a soil and - climate better adapted to its growth"; and in whith the cotton Plant is indigenous, and not an exotic as in the United States, ant whose latter inhabitants are only able by the - employment of a slave popula' ion, and by an Utter exemption from those burdens to which British sub)ects are liable an all ports of the world to compete with the British India and Colo nial Planters If we were, therefore, to oblige the Foreign Planter to bear an equal burthen with the British Planter, by laying a duty on the cotton of the - former equal to the superior value of the latter's cotton to. the State, that is all which the British and Colonial interests reqiiire; and'without some such equalizing measure: England's supremacy - can only be, and I will add should only be e of,short . duration. Your Lordship anktlie Community in general seem to have imbibed a tuition ilia „our Cotton ManufactureS should b e kept at as low a price as possible, lest foreigners s h ou ld un d erse ll us (as it is termed), in Ihreign markets. Now, my L or d, I am also ready to prove that . the price paid for goods in this country has no influence in the foreign market ; for all our exports are meihepayments for the consumption of. - the British Empire, and we cannot carry foreign commerce- beyond such payments. It follows therefore, that if our Merchants sell our exports for less than 'they cast them, they will charge a greater price for their imports, and vice versa ;. but if they se ll t h e i r exports at an unreasonable profit, they will self their imports so much the less ; the merchants' profits are regu e lated •by competition: . There is also an injustice in pro tecting our cotton more than our woollen and linen manufac tures, as well as in, protecting the labour of machinery more than manual labour. [n nearly all our , colonies the p r i ce o f British exports are at a fair p rofit, but the foreigners (even to their own ultimate loss) -having possession of our home markets for the supply of articles similar to the products of our Colonies, without paying a fair share of our burthens in the shape of protecting duties, prevent remittances from being made from our own (.blonies, and thus occasion a considera ble loss to our planters, merchants, and the Empire, where -great gain ;' thus the industry, not there would otherwise le a only of these valuable appendages to the Empire, but even to eliSaffection and rebellion eng endered throu g hout both, which I a certain extent of the E m pire itself is paralized, and a spirit of am convinced can only le eradicated. by the adoption of that perfect system of commirce and finance, the want of which has been the cause of all. the ailments of the body politic, and will only serve to render tleni every day .more inveterate and in curable. If we were to lay protecti n g duties on foreign cotton, tobacco, te e present trade which we carry on with foreigners , in g h n e e m r s p Ett andthose flax,articles would, with our capital and excess of population, almost immaliately be diverted to British . India and such of our Colonic: as arc suited to their growth, and in. which a British white and free population might be profitably employed in their 'production. Unless, however, the protec tions I demand have a beginning. the experiment ofproducing our own cotton-can never • have a fair trial.; of its success no rational doubt can be entertained, for it is, as I have before ob served, indigenous both to lndia'and New South Wales, where as it is an exotic the United States of America. In this lat. ter Colony Port Alaequirie possesses numerous advantages in point of soil, climate; and situationi'for the production of cot ton.similar.to the Sea Island cotton of die United States ; but unless the cultivation of it be encouraged by the protecting do. tierwhich - I harepointed - rnitc'their - capabilities must remain in embryo, or be transferred to foreign countries, and in twenty years hence we shall - be in the same situation as we are at pre sent; vith only this dfference, that we shall in the interim have lost four hundred millions, yet still remain dependent on foreigners, -and liable to have our spindles stopt, whenever it may be their will and pleasure that they should be stopt. Our Colonies are only valuable in. proportion as they supply us with those- coiumodities for which we should otherwise be compelled to resort to foreigners, as they afford profitable em ployment to our surplus population and capital, as they in crease our - national wealth, and, finally, as they add to the Means of offence - and defence. And regarding them , nthis point of view, the superior value to the parent state of British America, Southern Africa, and of New Holland over British India ; and again of the latter over our West India and Middle Africaii Colonies must be evident, as neither of the two latter serve to employ our excess of population, c4increase our nursery for seamen beyond whata foreign trade would do but the laws to which we have subjected them are in many respects snbver- - sive of the very order of "lattice, by giving to foreigners those markets, or in other wards that nurture and encouragement which every principle of natural feeling and affection, as well as sound policy, should have induced us to reserve exclusively for their own offspring. Nor' could it, I conceive, have en tered -into the calculation of any but ideots that an arrange ment thus fundamentally vicious and unnatural can be of any very long duration ; for (to leave all feeling out of the question) sound policy alone demands; cOnsidering the immense extent of our empire, and the great intervening chasms that exist: between its various.parts, chasms which prove that it is not an empire designed by nature, but established in spite of the Q. 1); stades created by na.ture, I say, corisideringthese circumstances; sound policy of itself imperatively requires that every possible encouragement should be given to the interchange of products of the various members of this monstrous and ill combined corn- - • munity, so as to render them, or as far as is' 'Practicable, de pendent on one another, and to form them as it were into one vast family united together, if not by the ties of consanguinity, at least by tics which are perhaps scarcely less binding, the tics of common interest and expediency.; yet, on the contrary, our laws, the want of giving them our markets for their, produce, oblige them to become manufacturers themselves and to con sume their own produce. Our great and glorious forefathers, in their wisdom, made laws to protect tiritish industry from foreign competition, Which' laws Sufficed in spite of natural obstacles of no ordinary magnitude to raise our royal and mercantile Navy, our Manu factures and Commerce,-to the highest pitch of power and pros perity. Our Modern worthies on the other hand seem to deem it sound policy to frame laws for 'the purpose of guarding forei g n industry and commerce from British competition; I need not dilate on the consequences : they are visible in all hut themselves, though mole-like they either cannot see, or owl like (1 speak with reference to the fabulous attributes of Mi nerva's protigee), they think they can see more clearly than any one else. As far as common sense can direct us to a right conclusion, what can be a greater anomaly than to have sacrificed, as we have done, the lives of thousands (1 may indeed safely say), of hundreds of thousands, of our brave sons, and to have ex pended millions upon millions of our wealth in discovery, con quering and planting colonies ; and when at this enormous cost of blood and treasure we have aequir.ul them, that we should then, to a certain extent, exclude their produce from our market, by throwing it opan to the like productions of fo reigners. What must be the obvious and inevitable result of such a course of legislation, if it be not to drive our colonists to rebellion, and to deprive our redimdant, population of that employment which they, would otherwise most assuredly find in our colonies? I must confess that I for one am at a lost to; conjecture ; such conduct, as it appears to my humble apprehension, resembles the folly and cruelty of certain school-bovs, who at a great expence rear up cocks, and then tie them by the leg for the purpose of having the mischievous pleasure of throwing sticks and stones at them until they have either knocked their brains out, or broken their bones. " To remember, the consumer," ,is a trite adage, now in vogue among the authors and suppotters of the new tangled un protecting commercial system, which they are endeavouring to substitute for tile good old system established by our forefathers. All that I require myself is adherence to this maxim in reality, and not in semblance. For instance, if I allow the importation of seven quarters of foreign corn duty free, in order that I may gain about 20s. per quarter by it, or 71., but in doing this I de prive of profitable. employment a British cultivator either at home or in our Colonies, whose labour would otherwiso be' worth in wealth, power and revenue, taken together, at the rate of 401. per annum to the state ; it must be evident that instead of benefiting the consumer and my country, I occasion a loss to the State of the 401. aforesaid, as well as occasion a charge on the parochial or public funds of 201. per annum, inde pendently of the demoralization which the individual may sustain from the want of employment, and which demoraliza don may in etrect cost the community at the rate of 101. per annum more. . .; • _ —... ..... ...e.e. _ Thus then, while According to the opinion of cur modern 1 politicians, we are obtaining a gain of 71. we are in fact expe riencing a loss of from 401. to 601. by every able man so de prived of profitable employment : and the same arguments hold good with reference to the employment of foreign ships and the use of foreign timber, cotton, tobacco, hemp, flax, and indeed of all other foreign articles, the like of which might be produced by our surplus population within the limits of our own empire. , It appears plainly to me that our dominion is not only much more extensive than nature originally intended, but that it possesses infinite resources which our Legislators have not discovered, , much less called into action. It is this disregard of the important duties with which they - are in vested, that drives us to the humiliating necessity . of crouch ing to foreigners and submitting to their n olent pretensions for fear they should withhold from us supplies, forsooth, which we might ,raise in superior perfection within our own limits, and in the production and carriage of which, ten times our present unemployed countrymen and shipping might be ac tively and beneficially engaged in adding to the wealth, reve nue, and stability of the empire. It is worthy of observation that if we import foreign corn duty free, we shall not, under any circumstances, be able to increase our manufactures, but shall be compelled to decrease them very considerably, since we can only manufacture to the extent which the payment of imported articles of consumption may require 'and to this extent we manufacture already ; added to which when an agricultural population are deprived of profit able employment, the manufacturing and commercial interest would have to pay what they, the-landed interest, now pay, and for their maintenance when so deprived of employment, of 200 millions sterling per annum. But it is more than probable that the foreigner would take in payment for his grain rum at 2s. per gallon, sugar at 30s. per cwt., tea - at 2s. per pound,. and other goods, not the produce of this country, at a proportionate rate, in preference to British manufactures, while at the same time the English farmer would be paying 18s. per gallon for the rum he consumed, GOs. per hundred for the sugar, 4s. per pound for the tea, and for other goods of the like nature in proportion. 'lt is this, and the large sums which the farmer pays -for taxes, poor-rates, &c. that constitute the difference between the price of English and foreign corn, hemp, flax; cotton, tobacco, ships, &c. &c. &c. fbr if we impose on foreigners the 'burdens with which the Bri tish agriculturist and shipping interest are charged, they will not conic to our ports with their grain, Sec. &e. &c. I contend therefore, independent 'of other weighty considerations, that it is impossible for England to exist under a non-protecting sys tem of commerce and finance in - her present circumstances. . If my principles are wrong, dislodge me from my position; if right, adopt my system, and Our people will no longer languish in misery and demoralization. Now as your Lord= ship has deprived me of the pleasure which I solicited of exhi biting my plan before you, and which would have rendered my public meeting unnecessary,• still, if you do me the honour to attend that meeting, I will endeavour to convince your Lord ship that the cause of our distress is not the extravagance of Ministers, nor the consequences of last war, nor of a depreci ated currency, nor abundant crops, nor the amount of .taxa tion ; but a national ignorance of the mighty resources of the Briti!kh Empire, and of that system of commerce and finance necessary to bring them into action, so as to give all our peo ple profitable employment, and increase our revenue in the like ratio, with a knoWledge of which I hope to bring the meeting on that day acquainted. If you say ,my general mea sure will require the sacrifice of individual interest, my answer , is, no general measure should be adopted that will not benefit ' the nation after it has paid the sacrifice of individual interest. It is high time that all British interests knew they had but . m o tthi n e e ier o n b tt j rs e ile object to promote, as by their divisions hitherto they have . become the dupes of party intrigue, which always divides to con quer ; and as n o thi ng can so - effectually obtain a union of sen tilnieterest, as disarming the of ap pom tm e opposition, nto f aand Committeet the to discovery asc e o r . f , tang the value of every. British interest in the Empire to the State, and then to protect them respectively, and accordingly E from foreign competition, and to let commerce then Lave the : freedom of air, I hope, my Lord, you will use your influence i to bring about this desirable measure ; but the guide .for incl.- betiOn must have no TZteietiCe to what ati artictO ens . in ani country, but what it . pays to our State in production, &c. Sr-e- In the same ratio Ministers depend on men. anti their present measures will be the duration of our distresses. I remain, your, Lordship's very obedient hutiible Servant, JOSEPH PINSENT? A true Pittite. 23, Birchin-lane, 13th Jan. 1822. INIPROVEMENTS IN SAIL CLOTH. At the time of the conquest of Gaul by Juracg etESAR, the only people in that countryi accus tomed to maritime adventure, were the. inhabit ants.of the coast of Britanny. In large half decked boats, constructed of wicker-work, anti covered' With hides,, with sails and rigging, alSo composed of leather, those daring seamen not only traded along the shore of the Bay of Biscay, but fearlessiy stood across the Channel to the opposite coast of Britain. The native Britons in smaller boats, but composed of the same mate rials, appear to have restricted themselves almost entirely to river navigation. The Phoenicians, Carthagenians, Greeks, and !lowans, from tho time of Homua, and probably much earlier, ap pear universally to hay employed flaxen cloth as the material .of their sails ; and the Romans, on their settlement in Britain, no. doubt intro duced the use of it into this country. Hemp, according to PLINY, was one of the species ,of vegetable fibre employed in making cords. and ropes for land as well as for sea service ; but the art of weaving it into canvas is, comparatively speaking, of recent origin ; and, at this very day, it is only the chain or warp of the so-called hempen canvas, which consists of this substance, the shoot being of flaxen thread. Holland, Flan.lers, and Germany, having a climate better suited to the growth of flax and hemp than the British islands, and being earlier addicted to manufacture, for a long time sup' plied this country with sail cloth, it appearing by the preamble to an Act of Parliament in the first year of J..tmEs 1., that previmis to the 32d year of ELIZABETH, the art of weaving canvas for sails bad not been practised in England. M soon, however, as the introduction of this very important manufacture had taken place, its en couragement became the object of LegislatiVe enactment. In 1696 it was allowed to be e - ported from England, duty free, and in 1746 it. was made penal for any British built-ship to leave port, unless her first suit of sails w ere wholly •of home Manufacture. in 1767, addi - , tional dUties were laid on the importation sat foreign sail cloth, and at present little, if any, 14 imported, but, on the contrary, large quantities are exported, receiving a bounty of 11-d. per ell' If flaxen or hempen yarn in its natural state ; 4 woven into canvas, and this canvas without any far' titer preparation is brought into use, it is speedily infected by_mildew,which appearing at first in the form of greenish patches of a minute fungous ve getable, soon destroys the tenacity of the fibre, giv ing it at the same time a black, and, as it were, charred appearance. It is found also that this ten" dency is greatly increased by tho colouring mat ter of the plants; hence in improving the Jura' bility of canvas the usual course has been ta get rid, as far as practicable, of the colourist' particles by means of the usual bleaching Pr° - cesses. The only objections to canvases so Pre," pared, as compared with the ordinary unbleach ed kinds, are their higher prices, together with tl"' weakness and rottenness Search Lite frequeot i r observed after a short wear to take place in sud s of them as have been bleached by strong alkalioe preparations, and especially by oxymuriatic acid' It is obvious, however, that all these methods ar e only palliative, and, in point of fact, the mos t esteemed kinds of canvas will contract the mifr dew (often in a few days) when placed in a close warm damp atmosphere. A discovery for the prevent/an of mildew in a ll kinds of canvas, bleached and unbleached, % V I made some years ago by Messrs. BROWELL CO. and subsequently submitted to the exarni°: tion of Mr. NIKIN, Secretary to the Society 0l Arts. The chemical knowledge of this Gentle man (which need not be insisted on here) eal bled hitreto extend the application of the ill y cess, and to introduce various imprOvements its preparation. As soon as the proprietors 1 0 fully satisfied themselves of the efficacv'and vall te of their discovery, they offered it to the fiery Board, under whose direction experiments w ere made by officers commanding ships of Sr n in the Channel, the Mediterranean, No" foundland, and the western coast of Africa,: In every instance the anti-mildew qiiality of canvas so prepared received the unqualified ar probation of ' the officers to whom .the inents were entrusted. Similarly favourable re sults have attended the use of this process in P r t vate ships trading •to the East Indies and to °s , other parts of the world. The London Soc iet y of Ship-owners, after a full investigation,' iia s declared in their official letter to AleSS r ' . BROWELL and Co. their " perfect satisf ac ' tion that the invention possesses the val d ; able property ascribed to it."—The advantag e derived from this very important discovery ttr" 1. That the duration of canvas, under the usual eirc lo ; stances-of4ear, may beat least doubled at the small addit ion' ; expence-of lid. per yard, or 5 per cent. on the whole cost °II ship's sails, making, &c. included. re 2. That unbleached canvas, which is in price much o ea than lid. per yard cheaper than bleached, may be subst ito instead of the latter for all purposes, the mildewing effect of the colouring particles being entirely neutralized, i 5 3. That every kind of canvas, bleached and unbleach4 °r rendered extremely soft and pliant, thereby becoming ir o e f easy to furl, and is stowed in less compass than any / 01 sail cloth now in use. 4: That not only the British shipowner will be immetli t tel h e henefitted by a very serious reduction of expence both i n . 11 ' 4 4 first outfit and in the current wear and tear, but the P I- ill 'manufacturer will be amply indemnified for any reducti°l;ol the home demand by the- superiority which his canvas, 1, t he subjected to the new process, will speedily obtain in ai foreign markets. To-morrow being the first day of Hilary le '. 4 ", the Judges will breakfast with the LORD CELLOIt, at his house in Hamilton-place, Fic c - E , dilly, and thence go hi grand procession to W es minster Hall to open the Courts of*Law. The remains of the Duchess of St. .1.031 9 are to be removed, on Friday next, iron' t r , family mansion in St. James's-square, .for jilt e, • meat in the family - vault, Redburn, lancoinshir *E! haN Fau/ which 'lank S t -per C 4 3per Ce 3 } per ( 4 per CE }NW; koynin WI or Sat piece, qtestl co ntll berg, << - ala B nRICi 4 CCOT right meat fav o n Provt Pres' e dls c i l 111go u that his 1 lead resul I ) Qw, in th the( to ry th e fo rm that Stab Itep The Cap tile amoi Coll cipa the I) E k tqi Very SOn Clue! the day. MEL In idd Six p b utN to ou out E over] forte Cat a rerer o.ne 1 xtrel him Ekx !Olvi lOgt, frOn `We the POll