The Sun. — London, England, 1853-09-27 00:00:00

CITY INTERMENTS. The following is the introductory report by the Officer of Health : TO THE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE OF THE HON. TIM COMMISSIONERS OF SEWERS OF THE CITY OF LONDON. Gentlemen,—Under the several clauses of the Metro politan Burials Act, and under certain clauses of the City Sewers Act, 1848, the Commissioners of Sewers, acting as a burial board for the City of London, will be subject to the following responsibilities : First,—That a sufficient extramural burial place be provided for those classes of persons who have heretofore had right of interment within the City. Secondly,—That the facilities of transit and convey. ance to such burial place be commensurate with the pur poses for which it is established. Thirdly,—That evil no longer accrue to the health of the City from unnecessary delays of interment, or from the keeping of dead bodies in the dwelling-rooms of the poor. To increase the sufficiency of a burial place, one must know for what numbers of population it is intended to suffice. Burial boards, under the new act, are obliged to provide accommodation for all parishioners or inhabitants of the several parishes within their • • jUrlS diction. tinder the term " parishionersi" as relating to the City, there may be included, I am told, an indefinite number of non-resident ratepayers ; and although, at first, interment ¶night not be claimed under the latter head to any considerable extent, yet, with the comple tion and success of your cemetery, the applications might year by year become more numerous. From the nature of the case, such claimants would, in most instances, be of the wealthier classes ; and might, consequently, be expected to apply for special allotments of ground. It seems, therefore, desirable that you should have some knowledge of the number for whom you may thus be required to provide. I would, accordingly, suggest as expedient, that a legal opinion should be obtained on your exact liabilities under the law referred to, and especially as to whether the right of burial possessed by non-resident ratepayers does likewise extend to the non-resident householders of such ratepayers. In the meantime I will leave this set of claimants out of my argument, assuming that, whenever you have reckoned their number, you will be able on their account to add to your general estimate, according to a fixed proportion, the assessment of whatever additional accom modation they may legally require. The number of deaths belonging to the inhabitants of the city of London may be more precisely given. It would probably lie as an average within 3,200 per annum. In attempting to fix the extent of ground required for your purpose, in respect o f this mortality, I must bring before you some preliminary considerations. I. As regards the minimum accommodation tobegiven in your cemetery, I assume that every person buried there, however humble his previous station of life, may in death claim a grave to himself. It has been the op . probrium of our previous system that in the poorer classes of interments many bodies have been huddled to gether into a single pit. Probably you will think, as regards your future burial place, that no consideration of cheapness can justify this indecency ; probably you will be unwilling that, in a presence which confounds all social comparisons, there should be drawn, with your sanction, between rich and poor, any so disrespectful distinction. But, at all events, on similar grounds I feel bound to assure you th a t th ese mu l t i ple b urials are quite inadmissible. With such concentration of organic remains in very narrow compass the soil grows utterly foetid, and it becomes impossible to guard against clan ger to those who are occupied in digging and tending the ground. These evils, indeed, as so glaring, and the indecorum of crowd e d i n t erment h as l ong b een so noto rious, that nothing could have given them continuance, except the necessities of our narrow accommodation under the system of intramural burial ; and it would of course be without excuse to perpetuate them under the changed circumstances of extramural cemeteries, where space can so readily be obtained for all legitimate re quirements of the public. So far as the experience of other countries may help to determine your judgment in this matter, I may inform you that in every foreign interment system which can deserve to be considered an establishment of public authority, the right of single burial is universally recognised. Next, as regards the succession of interments. Ac cording to the burial usage of modern times, no public cemetery with fixed limits can be permanently useful except on a full recognition of the fact that it is a de caying-place for the dead, not a place for their em balment or mummification. For hence it follows that ground once used for burial becomes equally fitted for a second use whenever, by gradual decomposition, the bodies first interred there have thoroughly vanished from the soil. This principle has given the common rule of burial, and for obvious reasons. Under any other plan the entire area allotted for interment would presently be in holding. No portion, however remote the date or its first occupation, could be resumed for a second series of interments, and the provision of a new cemetery would be indispensable. Pushed to extreme consequences, such a system must eventually convert the entire country into its burial ground. Under the practice of intramural interments—that practice which the new law supersedes—the principle of temporary tenure has been made to cover all manner of brutal abuses. Graves have been disturbed within metropolitan churchyards and other burying ground., in which the transformations of decay had not half ac complished themselves ; and public decency has been outraged here in the centre of civilisation by the spec tacle of human remains being tossed about like offal. It is one chief advantage of extramural sepulture, that while the inevitable decay of the dead will be removed from the vicinity of the living, and the latter will no longer have their atmosphere tainted by this hideous contamination, so likewise for the dead, however hum ble, that in this new resting place room will be allotted them with no indecent stint ; that the dwell ing and market places of the living will no longer harm them in grudging their narrow requi remen t s ; that their return t o dust will be respected as beseems the last phase of mortal existence ; and that against any desecration of their repose there will be given every security which piety and affection can demand. There may be difference of opinion as to the pre cise time when a grave can, with truth and decency, be thought to have become distenanted. The rapidity of decay varies in so extraordinary a degree, accord ing to soil, that some inhumations are almost equiva lent to embalming, while in other cases the process is comparatively rapid. Only experience of a particular soil will enable you to know with precision what length of tenure is needed there for the purposes of interment to accomplish themselves ; but on general principles one can approximate pretty nearly to the truth. Assuming the site of your cemetry to have been selected with due regard to those qualities of soil which determine the differences adverted to, I think it unlikely that any adult grave can properly be re-opened within 20 years of the time when interment shall last have occurred in it. Very long within this time, however, all soft textures of the body would have completed their decay. Remains of the coffin and of the skeleton—materials unsusceptible of putrefaction—would alone occupy the grave, and, with gradual crumbling, blend themselves in the soil. Not till this final disintegration of the skeleton is complete—not till the identity of its different elements is destroyed—can the first occupant of a grave be fairly deemed to have abdicated his tenure. From this time only can his interest in it be held as having reverted to the public, for whoever next may claim a similar usufruct of the ground. Taken for granted that, as regards the general public, your cemet r y w ill b e es t a bli s h e d on theprinciple ofa temporary tenure of graves, it remains for you to deter mine to what ex t en t you wi ll permit wealthier cants to purchase exemption from this rule, and obtain a freehold interest in particular portions of your ground. I have little to say on this point, because it is of no sanitary importance, provided that privileges so pur eehcoaaneodmydoonf yorotoinanly degree interf ere w ith th e general Ba p r l r y i n a g s a a ci n u y e sti o il question offi n o a f o t o h e i . however, s kind, it comes before p you . si mply ira A precaution, which I would s ugges t, i s th a t , first of all, you should provide a cemeterial space suffi cient for the interment purposes of you r p o p u l a ti on, on the principle of ternor tenure ; that no p or ti on o f this space should, oupderay any circumstances, b e a li ena t e d from its public destinationnY that the whol e o f it s h ou ld r emain in perpetuity th e common burying ground of the City of London. This prim e necessity of your plan being secured, it will be competent for you to in c l u d e i n your purchase a certain re dundant number of acres ; and out of these you can allot, at your discretion, o i oun would your o e u r ri g le e a n ne quan titiesd- of ground as may be desired in fre ehold s , a u f e e i h ther for interment, genera; the purposes of family ration, or for the fiction of perpetual tenur e by some single occupant. In thus selling portions of for private and privileged employment, tisfying what has become a habit, and may be cons idere d a legitimate claim of the wealthier classes. Bey on d t \ l 7_ it is also evident that you would virtually be competing s with the ordinary cemetery companies of the metropolis in the most lucrative department of their trade. It would probably be easy for you, by varying your fees according to circumstances , either, on the one hand, to diminish, and almost prohib it, the frequency of ap. plications for exceptional interment, or, on the other hand, to attract such applications. Even if you thought it desirable, you might admit purchasers from other classes than those having the right of burial in your mu nicipal cemetery ; in short, you might manage it com mercially, with a view to profit, looking to its proceeds for covering many expenses of the general establish ment. With respect to the ordinary arrangement of your ground for public purposes, and the distribution of burials therein, you may estimate that, taking one grave with another, and allowing for the marginal spaces of each, the average size of a grave will be 28 square feet. For illustration s sake, I will suppose the ground to be laid out in plots--say the third of an acre in extent. Each such plot would contain 400 single graves, mixed adult and young, with what footpaths might be requi site for approaching them. The City mortality of 20 years (assumi ng thi s p er i o d t o b e th e or di nary l ease h o ld of a grave) might be reckoned at 64,000 deaths, for the accommodation of w hi c h number there would be wanted 160 plots of the above-mentioned size—say 54 acres of I ground. I would propose that,. throughout each line of every such place, adult and ' infant graves should, as ; far as possible, lie alternatelytoget her, and that, instead of filling all the gravesat stated periods (say every twenty years), i half o f them, taken alter nately, should be filled at each semi period, say ev er y ten years. By this arrangement half the complem en t of burials would take p lace in each plot at a time wh en the decomposition of the p r eceding complement finished itself so far a s p utref action isconcerned whatever contamination of air might be liable to oc cur and under the best considered sanitary would arrangement, I certainly be reduced to the lowest conceivable amount. ' Or, as an alternative equal to this arrangement for the 1 purposes of health, you might adopt the plan of filling, lin immediate succession, all the burial spaces of a plot, provided the surface could then at once be devoted to the growth of appropriate vegetation. Fifty-four acres being, then, the quantity of ground which would suffice on sound principles for the ordinary interment of your entire annual mortality during a period of 20 years, at the expiration of which time (as suming your soil to be appropriated), you may reason ably expect that the ground will admit of a second simi lar occupation, and so forth in perpetuity. It will be requisite to add a cnnsiderable allowance of space for other accessory purposes. Thus room would be required for the various build ings that belong to the institution of a cemetery ; partly for the dwellings of such officers as you may require to be there resident ; partly for the temporary accommo dation of persons resorting thither for the burial of their friends ; partly for the religious services of different con gregations. Something likewise must be added for such main ways as will be wanted, along various lines of the burial ground, for the carriage traffic which belongs to funeral ceremonies among the richer classes of society and for other like purposes. Further, I dare say you would think it inexpedient that your cemetery should be entirely without decora tion and elegance. 54 acres of head and foot stones or the same extent of bare mound, might vulgarise eve t the aspect of death. By the judicious introduction ofi trees, turf, and shrubs, of bends and undulations, you would probably seek to interrupt the long perspective of so many tombs, and, by these artificial resources of .plan ning panotd. pla A n m tin id g, stuochenhoarnncaemetnhtealnaptiovretiosnosle mofnlyt);uorf ground might be scattered irregu larl y the various sites of exceptiovl interment —family graves , personal graves in perpetuit y, long leasehold graves, and the like ; and the interposition of those large portions of comparatively unoccupied soil with as much appropriate vegetation as could conveniently be introduced—might not only allow much tasteful decoration of the ground, but would also conduce to the healthful accomplishment of those pur poses for which the cemetery is established. In respect of these, and many other details of your plan, you will doubtless be guided by the direct and re sponsible advice of men specially skilled in the subject. I have, therefore, confined myself to the mention of those points which may determine your judgment merely as to quantity of land required for your purpose. Without offering any opinion as to the public claims of non-resident parishioners, on which liability I would again suggest your obtaining a legal opinion ; and with out pretending to advise what allowance should be made for purely decorative purposes, I may yet conclude, from such information as I have collected, that with 100 acres of suitable soil at your disposal, you would be amply able to meet all legitimate burial requirements of your population in perpetuity, and would likewise (for many years at least) have a considerable excess, which might be applied to the uses of ornamental arrangement. From what I have said on the influence of soil in de termining the period after which burying grounds may be resumed for a second series of interments, it will be obvious to you that this condition is an important ele ment in deciding the sufficiency of any area for given burial purposes. And the site of your cemetry might be such as somewhat to lessen, or greatly to increase, the suggested extent of your estimate. It would be fruitless, however, to detain you with any endeavour to trace the several influences which different soils exert over animal decay. Such remarks, at the present time, could only be addressed to hypothetical cases, or stated in the most general form. Therefore, instead of at tempting this anticipative argument on the subject, I hold myself ready to report to you specifically on the suitableness of whatever soil may be proposed to you for the purposes of your cemetry. There is yet one other consideration which may affect the extent of your purchase. The law restricts you from approaching within 200 yards of any dwelling house without the previous written consent of its owner, lessee, and occupier. But there is no law restricting the near ness within which any builder may approach your wall with his design for new habitations ; and it might easily occur to you, within a short time of establishing your cemetry, to find a new town growing in close proxi mity around it. If there be any meaning and value in the clause which forbids your undue approach to inhabited houses, if it truly represent that this ap proach to inhabited houses, if it truly represent that proach would be a sanitary evil, then obviously the law is deficient in the respect adverted to. It would be in your power to guarantee the continuance of a belt of unoccupied ground as an immediate circuit to your cemetery, in either of two ways—either, namely, you might purchase a considerable extent of ground beyond the actual requirements of your cemetery, might devote its central 100 acres to interment, and might let its remaining circumference for agricultural purposes ; or, if you were fortunate enough to be treating for the central portion of some considerable estate, you might stipulate as a condition of purchase that no building should be reared within such distance of the wall of your cemetery as you, on due consideration may deem fit. 11. In the provision of a cemetery it is required by the act of Parliament that " the burial board shall have reference to the convenience or access thereto from the ' parish or parishes for which the same is provided ;" and it is legalised that " any burial board may make such arrangements as they may from time to time think fit, far facilitating the conveyance of the bodies of the dead from the parish or the place of death to the burial ground which shall be provided." It cannot but be obvious to you that the choice of a site for your cemetery might be such as to interpose very serious obstacles in the way of interment even for the richest classes ; and, under the most favourable circumstances, the removal of the dead to a distance of so me milesfrom their previouiresidence cannotbut threaten serious difficulties to the poor. Assuming, what various conditions of the act of Parliament render almost in evitable, that your cemetery must be distant at least six miles from the centre of the city, the present funeral charges can hardly be maintained without increase, if the traffic is to be conducted on the same principles as heretofore. The price for which an artisan could pro cure the decent funeral of his wife, or child, within a stone's throw of his door, will invariably be augmented by every mile you add to the distance, if the conveyance is still to depend on the old means and arrangements. When I consider the class of persons likely, as inha bitants of the City, to claim interment in your cemetery —classes among which the predominance of narrow, if not necessitious circum s t ances , w ill b e frequent ; when, for instance, in a year's official returns, I see the arti sans and paupers make more than two-thirds of your entire classified mortality, I cannot but think this aspect of the matter a very important one. From some years' experience of your death register, I should say that, of City funerals, there would not be two in ten where the friends could afford to disregard an addi tional expenditure of half a sovereign ; and in the ma• jority of instances I am persuaded that a much smaller addition would be enough to cause inconvenience and distress. It therefore seems to me certain that your plan of extramural sepulture, however perfect at all other points, might either entirely fail of its purpose, or become cruelly oppressive to the poor, by the simple ex pensiveness of approaching the burial place. And I sup- pose it was in anticipation of the difficulties here adverted to, that the framers of the Metropolitan Burials Act in troduced the permissive clause which I have just quoted, empowering burial boards to facilitate the conveyance of the dead, and thus virtually rendering them responsible, as far as the poorer classes are concerned, for the cheap ness and efficiency of such conveyance. I would, therefore, submit that, in your decision as to the site of your cemetery, so soon as the indispensable conditions of appropriate soil are given, the first point to examine is accessibility ; that the spot to be chosen should have, in addition to its carriage roads, the utmost facility of railway approach ; and that, for those with whom small differences of price are an important consi deration, you should be able to guarantee a rate of trans port for coffin and mourners not in excess of existing charges. .._. _ From observation of arrangements which have lately been made with railway companies by the directors of cemeteries, and from inquiry of persons engaged in such undertakings, I entertain little doubt that you might make a contract to the following effect, with the autho rities of any line convenient for your purpose, viz., that every day, at a fixed hour, there should be a train, or some portion of a train, exclusively adapted to the fune ral purposes of the poorer classes ; that for this train there should be issued funeral tickets, franking the con veyance of a coffin with some stated number of mourn ers, who should also be entitled to return ; that the in troduction of funeral traffic should be by a special en trance, and its exit at a special entrance. Such contract supposed, in connection with this fune ral train, you might further arrange to maintain public hearses, which, at the option of persons concerned, and on due requisition being made, should conv e y an y co ffi n from its forme r h ome t o the railway terminus • and which again, if necessary at the distal station, should complete its conveyance to the grave. This facility might even be extended, if the distances were consider able,j to th e s i m il ar conveyance of a certain number of mourners, with the undertaker in charge of their proces sion. Also, if desirable, it could no doubt be arranged, with for a economy,funeral should a view to ' that the undertaker's responsibility ruepcetpotwiohnichat d oli le•minate at the railway terminus, h© ewodistal station should be entrusted to have conducted it, and that its servants of your cemetery, wo u ld th en f u lfil a ll re maining rahg m duties e n t inrespect cj'ft A abov e e ff ect would be much Arrangements t o (oi)nuf ottlhufuedretdh deceased, e i nr a n e m s e l v e s simplified in working, and their general adoption much promoted, if all disbursements for funeral tickets and for so that the friends such other facilitations of conveyance as I have adverted to. were made by your burial board, their cost to be uniform afterpayne cemetery f ee , gntfiotlehdis'grave, should, with payment, .be _ if they desired it, to e for his coffin from home to the cerne (in stated numbers) by a fune ral claim conveyance the railway portion of their t - and inclusive price sor-l teryt,icaknedt,faotr -,it. Thus to have one single for the extramural grave, that belongs to the new system, nce thereto, which would. least t for grave, namely, and for conveyance poorer classes and probably level within the reach of the enable your burial board to maintainya its total cost at a, below that of existing prices. In addition to what I have h ere suggested,f unforeseen circumstances should render them be taken, many other steps which might i dirni necessary, to there are f etel the exact foretel nish the pressure of new burial charges on the po or. Time will develop better than one can operation of our reformed system ; and for such ine on co uld it be think, in finding appropriate cures. Nor veniences as it may bring, you will have no difficulty , I tend to the comparatively few funerals of the wealthier otherwise than easy, if you thought it desirable, to et tend THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER, 27, 1853, idiom classes, which occur from within the City of London, those same arrangements which I have here deemed it requisite to consider only in their relation to the poor. For the latter, it has seemed indispensable that your scheme should provide assistance equivalent, at least, to the difficulty which its adoption must occasion them. Beyond this, I believe you would wish to distu r b as little as possible the ordinary routine of interment ; and I have aimed, therefore, at suggesting assistance only in such kind and in such degree as may least interfere with any interests of trade, least derange any establi s h e d ha bits, least offend any prejudices of the people. 111. There is no part of the subject which I have con sidered with more anxiety than that which relates to delays of interment, and to the prolonged keeping up of dead bodies in the rooms of their living kindred. Evils arising from this source are unknown to the rich. Soldered in its leaden coffin, on tressels in some separate and spacious room, a corpse may await the convenience of survivors with little detriment to their atmosphere. Not so in the poor man's dwelling. The sides of a wooden coffin, often imperfectly joined are at best all that divide the decomposition of the dead from the re spiration of the living. A r oom t enan t e d n i g ht an d d ay by the family of mourners likewise contains the remains of the dead. For some days the coffin is unclosed. The bare corpse lies there amid the living—beside them in their sleep, before them at their meals. The death, perhaps, has occurred on a Wednesday or Thursday ; the next Sunday is thought too early for the funeral ; the body remains unburied till the Sunday week. Summer or winter makes little difference to this deten tion ; nor is there sufficient knowledge on the subject among the poorer population for alarm to be excited even by the concurrence of infectious disease in a room so hurtfully occupied. I have no means of telling you with statistical preci sion in how many of your annual deaths the corpse is detained in dangerous proximity to the living. But I have already quoted an official classification of deaths, by which it would appear that more than two-thirds of your deaths are of the artisan class or below it. Among them, at least, it would be exceptional for the corpse to have a room to itself. On an average, then, there would probably be lying within the City at any moment from 30 to 40 dead bodies in rooms tenanted by living persons. This very serious evil is well known to all persons who have taken an interest in the sanitary advancement of the poor ; and ineffectual endeavours have been made for its diminution. The law does, indeed, empower your officer of health, under certain circumstances, to order the removal of a corpse from any inhabited room ; and under the Nuisances Removal Act, the General Board of Health may be authorised, during times of epidemic disease, to issue directions and regulations for the speedy , interment of the dead. Both laws have remained inope rative, and are likely to remain so. If one were starting anew—legislating for a people with unformed habits—nothing might be easier than to devise regulations of a perfect kind with regard to the sanitary management of the dead. The evils against which we have to contend are amongthe deepliest-rooted habits of the country. In defence of what exists there are many stupid and ignorant prejudices ; but inter woven with these are feelings of tenderness and affection to which all consideration and reverence are due—feel ings which would be shocked and outraged by any abrupt endeavour to reduce the care of the dead to a system of fixed regulations. For myself, having the deepest sense of the evil in question, and having officially the power to order re moval of the dead, I may repeat that I have never yet exercised my authority. Practically speaking, I can hardly conceive an instance in which I should attempt to do so. It would require the strongest case that could be shown of actual mischief in progress—of disease and death multiplied day by day, through the presence of some particular dead body, to justify interference even in that single instance. Nothing like the operation of a general law would be tolerated—nothing like including the dead in a compulsory plan of hygienic police. After very careful consideration of the subject, I may confess myself even more impressed with its difficulties than when I first began to give in my attention ; and in the few suggestions which follow I cannot pretend to do more than intimate where, in my opinion, a beginning may usefully be made towards an improvement which will take many years to accomplish. Legislative remedies proposed for the evils which I am bringing under your notice have been of two kinds, viz., first, to restrict the time during which it should be lawful to keep a body unburied ; secondly, to promote the use of reception houses (as they have been called), whither bodies might be removed from within all dwell ing places, and be kept under certain regulations during the days preceding their interment. As regards the first point, there are many foreign countries, and even some parts of the United Kingdom, where either law or custom has made it imperative to bury within two, or three, or four days after death. Our habit, unfortunately, is to keep the corpse unburied for twice as long. A week may probably be considered our medium interval between death and interment, and with this delay, I need hardly tell you, the body becomes putrid, sometimes intensely so, before the time for its removal arrives. Among the wealthier classes, as I have said, this delay is practically unimportant, except so far as every repeti tion maintains the pernicious custom. Scarcely on ac count of any risk arising to themselves in emanations from the dead, but mainly for the sake of influence and example, would one wish the educated classes of the community to adopt the usage of earlier burial. Our present practice is upheld by no law of necessity ; nor , for the most part, does it represent any extravagance Of grief, or fond reluctance of separation. Chiefly, it sub sists by our indolent acquiescence in a habit which former prejudices and former exigencies established. Fears of premature interment, which had much to do with it, are now seldom spoken of but with a smile. The longer interval once rightly insisted on as neces sary for the gathering of distant friends, has now, in the progress of events, become absurdly excessive : in a vast majority of cases, all whose presence is need ed live within an extemely narrow circle, and the more distant mourner who, 50 years ago, would have spent several days in coming from Paris or Edinburgh, can finish his journey in 12 hours. It is much to be wished that, under these changed circumstances, an altered practise might ensue, in the upper classes of society fixing their time of burial within three or four days of death. Such example of wealthier neighbours, aided by greater enlightment and education among them selves, would greatly tend to detach the poor from many observances and delays in relation to the dead, which, in their narrow dwellings, cannot continue with im punity. _ _ But, as regards these poorer classes, cannot anything be done in connexion with your new arrangements to abridge the period of delay ? As for any positive regu lation limiting the time during which it should be allowed to retain dead bodies in certain dwelling-houses, such could only be enforced by an extensive organisa tion of sanitary police, which you would have to call into existence for the purpose, and which, in the present state of public opinion, would encounter insurmountable difficulties on every occasion of its authorative inter ference. It is by indirect means and inducements alone that I can hope at present to effect the desired altera tion ; and by them I think something can be ensued towards shortening the delays of interment. First, I believe that everything which cheapens the cost of burial will conduce to such a result, for among the poor one considerable cause of procastination must often be the immediate absence of money. The plan of conveyance and payment which I have suggested would at least ensure you against any increase of this diffi culty, and might readily be applied to diminish it. For under such a system of single payment for grave and conveyance it would be practicable, and I think most advantageous to fix two prices, with a difference of at least five shillings between them—to charge the lower fee whenever the funeral should occur within 80 hours after death ' • the higher wheneve r thi s p er i o d s h ou ld b e exceeded. If, by the general adoption of the former alternative, the cemetery receipts should be diminished, in respect of artisan funerals, even to the utmost extent —say five or six hundred pounds per annum—this money or much more would have been advantageously ex pended in purchasing so great a reform. If, on the contrary, the immediate option of the working classes should be in favour of continuing a system so injurious to themselves and to their neighbours, there would be no injustice in leaving them the incumbrance of a cost from which it would require only their own will to escape. The difference of price would soon be recog nised as a municipal tax on delays of interment—a tax rendered legitimate by the public evil which it is de signed to correct, and guarded against remonstrance, because any man may avoid it who will. And since the delays in question often arise in a passive habit of the people, founded on no deliberate intention or reason, I cannot but believe that a well-marked difference of fee would, as it were, startle the poor into considering the question, which would come to be of daily argument in their houses, "Is it worth while that our funeral cost should be increased by the amount of one or two days' wages in order that we may retain within our dwelling rooms four days longer that which every one tells us is hurtful to ourselves and to others?" It has been suggested to me that many delays occur owing to Sunday being considered specially as a funeral day among the labouring classes ; that an equal distri bution of burials over the week would not involve wait ing for a particular day ; and that the closure of your cemetery on Sundays might occasionally be beneficial for the purposes under consideration. Many arguments will doubtless occur to you both for and against the pro hibition of Sunday interments, but this probably may be regarded as a point of detail more fitly to be con sidered when your scheme is complete, and even when it has actually given you some experience of its opera tion. As regards the second point adverted to—the estab lishment of special reception houses for the dead—l do not hesitate to say that, if they could be brought into general use, their in s titution would confer great advan tages on the poo r . B u t ag a i ns t this event, at least as an immediate one, I grieve to see strong probabilities. A first proposal made to some mourning household that they should trust to strangers' hands the custody of their unburied dead would, in most instances, greatly and sudd en l y c l as h w i t h th e i r customs, an d pre j u di ces, and affection s . Whatever success you might have in conquering this difficulty would of necessity be slow ; and my practical familiarity w i t h the poorer classes makes me so little hop e f u l of their imme di a t e acqu i escence i n t h e p l an, that I s h ould hardly feel justified in urging you to incur any -very l arge expense, or to embarass yourselve4 at starting with any elaborate machinery, for the sake of so The scanty an expectation. reception houses of Germany, as you probably maeeie—t know, are found e d with a double intention : partly for the d po my purpose which ich I m d h e from r a chiefly injurious j consideringeree contiguityha t d re ve to the living ; partly, also, that the bodies may be vigi- lantly observed in case of suspended animation. With the latter view, many of them are specially furnished and specially officered. In that at Frankfort, for in stance, each body is placed in a separate warmed and ventilated cell ; cords are attached to the fingers in such manner that the slightest movement occasions the ring ing of an alarm. Night and day watch is kept in a central apartment, which looks into each cell, and has the several alarum bells hung round it. Adjacent is a room designed for acts of resuscitation, with bath, gal vanic apparatus, and the like, always in readiness for constant use ; and, so long as any corpse lies within the reception house, the medical superintendent of the es tablishment never goes beyond its walls. Dr. Suther land, whose report to the General Board of Health is full of interesting information on the burial institutions of the continent, praises the completeness and ingenuity of these contrivances, adding, however, that "after careful inquiry at all the cities where he found them to exist, he could not learn that any case of resuscitation had as yet occurred." I may add, too, as regards my own personal experience in this country, that with ex tensive opportunities it has never happened to me either to see any case of suspended animation, where doubts of death and question of interment could arise, nor to hear in professional circles of any such occurrence. I there fore think it quite unnecessary to recommend any ar rangement of reception houses with reference to the resuscitation of persons apparently dead. The object for which I would desire their institution, is exclusively that of receiving dead bodies out of the houses of the poor, in order to mitigate those evils which arise in pro longed retention of the corpse. That this object is in itself very desirable, and that, under the prevalence of epidemic disease, its accomplishment might be of urgent necessity, you will not doubt; and the responsibility for fulfilling it, or at least for giving all facilities to its ful filment, is so distinctly imposed on you by the letter and spirit of the law, that you will probably wish to take measures accordingly. The extent, then, to which my information on the subject would lead me to recommend provisions to be made, is this—l would advise that accommodation of an appropriate character (savouring in style rather of an ecclesiastical construc tion, than of the workhouse or dissecting room) be ar ranged for the reception of 50 coffins. For this purpose I would suggest, not the building of several separate reception houses within the city of London, in order to their being respectively adjacent to the portions of popu lation which might use them ; but rather the establish ment of one only, and that on the site of your cemetary. Thus the conveyance of bodies, which would take place under your auspices, might be made with greater economy, since it could work into the plan I have already suggested. The advantage of having only a single edi fice (especially since its use is likely to be limited), and of including its superintendence in the general organisa tion of your cemetary, cannot be questioned. And it seems to me, likewise, that a building designed for the reception of so many dead bodies cannot conveniently be established in the heart of the city. I would of course recommend that the use of this building should be entirely optional with the poor, and that its advantages should be allowed gratuitously to persons burying in your ground, so that any one, who, in respect of his cemetery fee, would be entitled to have a corpse conveyed thither for funeral purposes, might claim this conveyance as soon as he chose after the oc currence of death, and might have the coffin kept, with all proper formalities, in the reception-house till the moment fixed for its interment. On further particulars connected with this part of your arrangements, I do not think it requisite at present to dwell, especially because, while I regard the establish ment of a reception house to be quite indispensable to the complete fulfilment of your new responsibilities, I still look upon it as an institution to be gradually deve loped in the course of years, and according to circum stances yet undetermined, rather as something which ought at once to assume its permanent character and proportions. Here, too, in concluding this introductory report, I may observe that I have endeavoured, as far as possible, to avoid encumbering it with detail. For myself, in its construction I have thought it indispensable to pursue the subject into minuter ramifications, to consider a vast number of circumstances here scarcely mentioned, to make myself acquainted with the burial customs of other countries, to review a great variety of opinions and arguments which have been advanced on the several matters alluded to, and to consult with persons practi cally versed in them. But to have brought all this mate rial before you would have prolonged my report to an inconvenient extent, and with no proportionate utility. Further, as regards the details of the subject, there are many parts on which I cannot address you with the con fidence that belongs to personal knowledge. The general principles which I have set before you do indeed lie within range of my official and professional observation. But the next stage of your inquiry relates to matters of special pursuit, with which I am only indirectly conver sant ; and whatever information I may have compiled for myself from other sources you will probably best obtain at first hand. Practical experience in the con struction and working of cemeteries has now for many years been the growing knowledge of persons connected with their administration by ties of business or by official appointment. In many instances it has been dearly pur chased, and notorious failures have arisen from its ab sence. Regard being had to the magnitude of your un dertaking, hitherto unprecedented in the country, and to the immense interests involved in your success, I cannot but earnestly hope that such experience may be made available for your information. At an early period you will have to determine what, appointments will be requisite with a view to the archi tectural and other designs of your cemetery, to its eco nomical planning and decorations, to the superintendence of its daily working, to its financial management, to the conveyance of bodies, and to all intramural organisation connected therewith. Minute details will be best con sidered when these appointments are made, and when you will naturally have the benefit of such practical ex perience as may best assist your deliberations ; for the task on which you are engaged extends, I need hardly say, far beyond the purchase of certain acres for your burial ground. It implies, for its completion, that you shall possess an adequate plan on which the interment of your population may be managed during many succeed ing generations—a plan constructed, first of all, with entire regard to the general good of the public, and next, with as little violence as may be to those habits, prejudices, and interests which are involved in the pre sent system of interment. The construction of such a plan constitutes a very large question of municipal policy —one which, because (If its solemn subject, and because of the degree in which human feelings and affections are involved in it—re quires to be handled with peculiar discretion and delicacy, but which not the less requires to be contemplated in a large and comprehensive manner. I have, therefore, thought I should best fulfil the ob ject of your reference by b r i ng i ng b e f ore y ou th ose general principles which lie at theroot of all minute con siderations ; in order that—having first determined on them, and having taken one collective view of the sub ject—you may better know at what time, and in what order, and to what extent you would wish the minor details to be developedfor your information.—l have the honour to remain, gentlemen, your obedient faithful servant, JOHN SIMON. REPORT OF THE OLMUTZ CONFERENCE. (From the Press.) (By our Special Telegraph.) (A. chamber at Olmutz. The Emperor of Austria is seated on a low couch, smoking a cigarette. The Czar of Russia is striding about the room. A large map of Europe hangs against the wall.) Czar (impatiently)—My dear brother, there is one word which I cannot get you Germans to utter or to un derstand. Emperor (languidly)—Ah ! What's that ? Czar—The word Now. This is what I have been trying to impress upon you all the morning. And when I think I have made the case clear you light a fresh cigar, and ask me in which opera Grisi made the great est impression in Petersburg. Nobody likes singers and dancers better than I do—in their place—but, young as you are, you must feel that there is such a thing as business. Emperor—Don't I feel it ? Ask Buol. Czar—See ! There never was such an opportunity—l may say there never was such a necessity—for us to un derstand one another. A bold united front now, and you, my dear brother, may sit down in peace, and en joy your music, and your tobacco, and your charming female society for the rest of your life. Emperor—Do you believe that ? Because, to speak the truth, I would really as soon be at peace as at war. Our people here like peace. Czar—Our people like—what I like. But I do not blame you for consulting, as far as you properly can, the prejudices of your subjects. What I propose to you seems to me the course they would desire. For what on earth but a disturbance must follow if Austria takes part with England and France against me ? Emperor—lt is not against you, my dear brother ; but, after all, there bangs the map, and we do not want to make a new edition necessary. Czar—Don't be offended if I remind you that Kossuth would have made a new edition necessary some time ago but for a friend of yours. Emperor--I have not forgotten it. Have we not ju s t —discovered—the re g a li a o f Hungary, providentially in perfect preservation, and not a jewel lost? Czar—Dear me ! I did hear that the Crown jewels of Hungary were in America. Emperor—The Court jewellers will give you any cer tificate you please to the contrary. They are most up right tradesmen. I hope you are satisfied with their assurance that these are the original articles. Czar—Heaven forbid that I should doubt a Court tradesman. But, if you should ever happen to lose them again, the same number of men, or more if necessary, shall always be ready to assist in the recovery. Re member that. Ido not know whether France or Eng land makes you the same offer. Emperor —You know my feeling towards both. As for France—but I suppose we have both the same reve rence for parvenus. As for England— Czar—Aberdeen, I assure you, is a good man, a wor thy man, and one who thoroughly understands and trusts me. Emperor—That we have never doubted. But ho is powerless. Czar—Not so powerless. He can do nothing, except one thing, which is better than if he did a great many things. He has the gift of preventing stronger people from doing anything. Aberdeen has, in his dull, sour, obstructive way (for I admit he is not brilliant), done me very good service all through this business Per haps I know the English better than you. The islanders place a great value on something which continentals care little about— I mean public character. Now, my good Aberdeen has not scrupled in his old age to sacrifice all that remained to him of that article, for the sake of conforming to my wishes. Do not, therefore, esteem him lightly. He is at this moment the most unpopular man in England for the part he has taken as regards me. Emperor—Bah ! What are mob shouts in England One day the people stone Wellington, and another they gather in millions to attend his funeral. Czar—But it is not the mob this time. It is the class which has all the strength, the class that puts down mobs with dragoons just as readily as you or I should. The rich, the educated, and the well-born classes—all except a few cotton jobbers —are full of bitter animosity against Aberdeen, and one of these days he will be swept from office by their indignation. All this he has incurred for me, and the day I hear of his fall I shall send him a whole batch of orders. Emperor—You see, if England keeps on terms with France— Czar—Which she will. That maudit meddler, Malmes bury, contrived to lay so solid a basis for the union of France and England, that even Aberdeen's crabbed in genuity could not shake it ; and Palmerston, if he comes in, knows his business too well to run risks in that quarter. Emperor—Very well. Then suppose you march upon Constantinople Czar—Suppose nothing. Remember the motto of the Golden Fleece—A ntc ferit quam "lamina micet. Emperor—lt appears to me that mystery is pretty well exploded by this time. So we will suppose what I say. You beat Omer Pacha out of Schumla and march on the capital. The English and French fleets burn Odessa and bombard Sevastopol— Czar—They will do nothing of the kind, my beloved brother, nothing. At least not if we put on, as I said, a bold and united front. If you will join me, and, Ido not say, repay any little service I have done you in the Hungary business (for you may command a million or so of my men at any time for such a trifle), but if you will secure your own safety by joining with me against the constitutional Powers, neither French nor English powder will waken the echoes of the Black Sea. Russia and Austria, united, and Prussia— (whispers)—yes, that at least—the others will see very good reasons for leav ing the Turks to settle their affairs with me, and for in terceding just when I desire it. Emperor—l do not see the English papers. Czar—But I do ; and you will be glad to hear that, in anticipation of your seeing the force of my arguments here at Olmutz, the leading English journal is already advancing reasons why the Turks should be left to their fate —because they are wicked Mahometans, because they have in other times persecuted Christians, and be cause war costs blood and money. A sneaking Minister has always a sneaking organ ; and you are wrong, my dear brother, not to read the journals. Emperor —Well, if that is so, I confess that the in terests of Austria and of Europe would seem to demand that I should yield to my wishes and side with you. Then, if a Mazzini outbreak in Italy, or a Kossuth affair in Hungary, should occur— Czar—Send me word, and I will do the whole work for you, from the first shot to the last gallows. Emperor—Then Buol had better see Nesselrode. Now shall we go to the ladies ? I have invited— (Smiles.) Czar (laughs)-0, nothing I like better—in proper time and place. Come along, mon cher frere. One of these days you must come and spend a fortnight with me at Stamboul, and let me show you St. Sophia, and the Seraglio, eh, jeune coquin. Exeunt—[The Czar playfully poking the Emperor of Austria in his Imperial ribs. TRADE COMBINATI ONS. At the Guildhall police court yesterday Francis Friend, James Friend, and Robert Brind, were summoned to answer a charge of conspiring together, and, with other persons, on the 15th of the present month, to procure the dismissal of Frederick Spence from the service of Mr. Peter Jackson (late Fisher and Co.), publisher, of Angel-street, St. Martin's-le-Grand, arid to prevent him from being further employed in that establishment. Mr. Humphreys, in opening the case, said this was a combination among the printers in the employment of Mr. Jackson, arising from a strike that recently took place among the men in Mr. Tallis's establishment. Mr. Tallis employed a greater number of apprentices than the journeymen in the trade approved of, and his printers accordingly struck ; but ultimately the greater portion returned to work without achieving their object. The other journeymen in the trade passed a resolution, to the effect that none of those men who returned, or any who worked for Mr. Tallis thenceforward, should be employed in any other house in the trade. It so hap pened that the complainant Spence was not in Mr. Tallis's employ, either at or antecedent to the strike ; but was engaged after the men returned to work, and while everything was progressing smoothly. On the 10th of September, however, the complainant was, from slackness of work, discharged from Mr. Tallis's service, and on the 13th he applied at Mr. Jackson's establishment, and was taken on by Mr. Jones, the foreman. He remained there three days, and on the fourth day, which was the 16th of Sept., he was told by Jones there was no more work for him ; and on asking why he was discharged, Jones told him it was on account of the complaints of the men, and referred him to them for an explanation. Francis Friend, on being asked by complainant, said the men objected to work with him, because he had been in Tallis's house. Complainant then inquired why be was singled out as the victim ? and Francis Friend replied that the trade had resolved not to work with any journeyman that had worked for Mr. Tallis. On the day previous to this two consultations, termed in the trade " chapels," were held by the men in the room where complainant worked, but he was excluded—and on the following morning before he received his dismissal he inquired what the chapels were held for ? and Francis Friend said they were con cerning complainant and his having worked for Mr. Tallis since the strike. Mr. Humphreys concluded his statement by observing that men have a right to meet and arrange what hours they will work, and for what amount of wages, but the law does not allow them to combine with a view to control a workman, either to his own Injury or that of his master. Frederick Spence said—l am a journeyman printer, and was in the service of Mr. Tallis, the publisher, of St. John-street, Smithfield, for several months, and quitted his employment on the 10th September, because work was slack. I applied at Mr. Jackson's on the 13th of September, and was engaged by Mr. Jones, the fore man, for that week, and perhaps the next. On the third day I applied for more work, but Mr. Jones declined to employ me further, and referred me to Francis Friend, the oldest workman on the establishment. On the 15th of September a chapel was held before dinner, and another after, and the whole of the workmen in the room were called to attend them, but I was each time excluded, although I was in the room during the time they were held. On the f o ll ow i ng d ay I ased Francis Friend if they were held about me, and he said they were, and that it was about my having worked at Mr. Tallis's. I asked him in the presence of the other defendants why they would not work with me, and Francis Friend said they had not a job for me to go on with. But on my telling him there was work for me if they would work with me, Francis Friend said he had forgotten the reason of the men's objection, but he would tell me after dinner, if I would call in. I did so, and Francis Friend then told me there were two reasons against my being em ployed in Mr. Jackson's establishment ; the first was my having been at Mr. Tallis's, and the other was that I be longed to a third society, which was not approved of, as neither Mr. Tallis's house nor the society were recognised by the trade. I asked why I was made the victim, and Francis Friend said I was not the only one, as the objection extended to all in Mr. Tallis's employ, and to all who might afterwards work for him. I asked him if this persecution was to continue against me always on that account, and he said he could not answer that question. I have been thrown out of employment in consequence of this objection on the part of the journey men in the trade. Cross-examined by Mr. Lewis—l was engaged for that week certain, but I was only paid for what work I did during the three days I was allowed to work. The other defendants did not say anything. They did not corroborate Francis, Friend. He did not tell me I might work as long as I liked, but that he would not speak to me. I was not in the strike at Mr. Tallis's ; it occurred before I went there. I belong to a society, the object of which is to assist each other when out of employ ment. That society has not found the funds for this prosecution. - William Jones said—l am the foreman in Mr. Jack son's establishment. It is my duty to take on and dis charge workmen. Spence applied about the 13th of September, and I engaged him ; but I discharged him on the 16th, prior to which I had a communication with two of the men in the room. Mr. Humphreys—Who were those men ? Witness—Am I obliged to answer that question ? Mr. Humphreys—Certainly ; and we must have their names. Witness—Their names were Joseph Harper and John Robinson. They worked in the same room with com plainant and the defendants. Mr. Humphreys—What was the communication that passed between you and the men you have named? Mr. Lewis—l object to that question, as it does not affect the defendants, and neither of them being present at the time it cannot be received as evidence. Mr. Humphreys said the summons is taken out against the defendants and others, and as the objection is raised I now apply to your worship for summonses against Harper and Robinson, and request that the case be ad journed, that they may be jointly charged with the de fendants. Mr. Lewis said—l object to Mr. Humphreys' applica tion, as my defence is, that of the three defendants only one is implicated by the evidence, and the law requires two persons to form a conspiracy. Alderman Lawrence said perhaps it would be better to adjourn the proceedings, and have the other men sum moned. Mr. Humphreys said—l have done with the witness under examination, and I now renew m y app li cat i on. Mr. Lewis then addressed the bench for the defence, and having recapitulated all the leading points in the evidence, he urged upon the Alderman's consideration the absence of any evidence to show that the defendants James Friend and Robert Brind had taken an active part in the matter either one way or the other. Alderman Lawrence said, without deciding upon the charge of conspiracy, enough has been said to induce me to adjourn the case, and issue the summonses applied for ; and in so doing, I wish to observe, that although Brind and Friend took no active part, their quiet acqui escence in the course adopted by their fellow-workmen was in itself sufficient to lead any one to infer that they were as much implicated in the conspiracy as the most active. The summonses were then adjourned, and the' de fendants bound over in their own recognisances to ap pear at the further hearing. Summonses were also taken out against all the rest of the men, with but one exception, who worked in the same room with the com plainant, and will be heard on the day of adjournment. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S-YESTERDAY. A moderate attendance, and only a limited amount of business transacted. For the Two-year-old Triennial Stakes, Alembic opened at 5 to 4 (taken) ; but after 3 to 1 had been jot ted down about King Tom to upwards of 1001., the ascending tendency of the latter caused Alembic to re trograde to 7 to 4. 4 and sto 1 was taken to some money about Calliope for the Hopeful, and 3 to 1 was booked to a small sum about Sittingbourne for the Three year-old Triennial. CESAREWITCH.=-6 to 1 currently offered on the field. Nancy was in considerable force at 15 and 14 to 1 ; and several bets were booked about Songstress, at 25 and 20 to 1. The prices against Nervous and Goorkah were merely nominal. The other investments at the odds quoted below were only in small sums. CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES.-20 to 1 to 501. about Hatchet, and 30 to 1 to 351. about Balrownie, were all the bets on this event that came u n d er our no ti ce . _ _ THE DERBY.-20 to 1 was taken freely about King Tom, who has recently, it is said, become the property of Baron Rothschild ; 2,500 to 100 about Hesse Cassel ; 625 to 25 about Marley Hill ; 2,000 to 60 about Neville ; 1.000 to 30, Acrobat. Further comment is unnecessary. Closing prices : NEWMA RKET—TUESDAY. HOPEFUL STAKES. 4to 1 agst Calliope (taken). TWO-YEAR-OLD TRIENNIAL STAKES. 7to 4 agst Alembic (taken). 2to 1 agst King Tom (5 to 2 taken). THREE-YEARS-OLD TRIENNIAL, 3to 1 agst Sittingbourne (taken). CESA.REWITCH. 6to 1 agst King Pepin (take 7to 1). 13 to 1 agst Nancy (15 to 1 taken freely). 20 to 1 agst Songstress (taken). 20 to 1 agst Torment (taken). 25 to 1 agst Nervous 25 to 1 agst Teddington (30 to 1 also laid). 30 to 1 agst Rosalba (taken). 30 to 1 agst Goorkah (offered). 30 to 1 agst King of Trumps (offered). CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES. 20 to 1 agst Hatchet (taken). 30 to 1 agst Balrownie (taken). DERBY. 20 to 1 agst King Tom (taken freely). 25 to 1 agst Hesse Cassel (taken.) 25 to 1 agst Marley Hill (taken). 1000 to 30 agst Acrobat taken.) 2000 to 60 agst Neville (taken.) NEWMARKET FIRST OCTOBER MEETING, COMMENCING THIS DAY. SCRATCHED.-Out of the Hopeful—Ranee and Brig liadoro. Out of the Two-yr-old Triennial—Marley Hill, Hesse Cassel, Reel colt, and Prince Arthur. Out of the Three-yr-old Triennial—West Australian, Pharos, and Barbatus. Out of the Four•yr•old Triennial—Daniel O'Rourke and Longbow. ORDER 05' RUNNING THIS DAY. I.2o—Handicap Sweepstakes. I.3o—Match : Ossa v. Virago. 2. 0 —Selling Stakes. 2.2o—Match : Heathfield v. Beatrix. 2.4o—Match : Student v. Margaretta. 3.lo—Hopeful Stakes. 3.4o—Grand Duke Michael. 4. s—Two-yr-old Triennial. 4.2s—Match : Adeline v. Domino. 4.4s—Buckenha,m Stakes. RAILWAY ARRANGEMENTS. 27th, 28th, and 29th of September, 1853. Trains run between London and Newmarket as under— FROM LONDON. 7. 0 a.m., Ist, 2d, and 3d class, due at Newmarket 10.45 8. 0 a.m., Ist and 2d class, PA 10.45 11.30 a.m., Ist and 2d class (mail) PP 2.15 5. 0 p.m., Ist and 2d class (express) „ 7.10 FROM NEWMARKET. 8.40 a.m., Ist and 2d class (express) due in London 11.0a.m. 12.45 p.m., Ist and 2d class PP ~ 3.40p.m. 4.15 p.m., Ist and 2d class PP ~ 7.10p.m RACING FIXTURES FOR 1853. The figures within parenthesis denote the number of day's racing. SEPTEMBER. Newmarket F. 0. (3)...27 Northallerton (2) 29 Walsall (2) 28 OCT( IBER. Chester Autumn (2) 4 Monmouth YorkshireljnionHunt(l) 6 Wrexham (2) Newmarket S. 0. (5) _lO Warwick Autumn (2) lB Caledonian Hunt and Kelso 18 Richmond (2) l9 Newmarket (H.) (6) 24 IBER. NOVE. Worcester (2) Epsom Au l iumn (2) 3 Cowbridge Hunt (2) 9 Liverpool Autumn (2) 9 Shrewsbury (2) 15 Newton Autumn (1) 24 Aberystwith (3) Last week IRISH RACES TO COME. SEPTEMBER. Roscommon (3) 26 I Johnstown (2) OCTOBER. Curragh October Meeting ..18 SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. C USTOM-HOUSE-SEPT. 26. ENTERED INWARDS. —The Alar, from Dunkirk ; Eliza beth, do. ; Sylph, St. Petersburgh ; Duchess of Portland, Carthagena ; Lindisfarne, Rouen ; Tartar, Callao ; Clio, Memel ; Eagleswing, Cephalonia ; Ann Johnson, New York ; Isabella, Port Wallace ; Arissa, Callao ; Nymph, Malaga ; Prometheus, Cadiz ; Margaret, Quebec ; Har lingen, do. ; Anemone, Oporto; Eclipse, Madeira; York shire Lass, Rouen ; Leander, do. ; Heroine, Charente ; Goat, Haak, Quebec ; Liverpool, Cronstadt ; George Evardo, do. ; Serieri, Petersburgh ; Perseverance, Caen ; St. Lawrence, Berdianski ; Sarah, Gibraltar; British Queen, Constantinople ; Ayrshire, Bombay; Hermes, Dantzic. ENTERED OUTWARDS FOR LOADING.—The Maria, for Antwerp ; Pzincess, Dantzic ; Lawrence, Cape of Good Hope ' • Sylph, St. Petersburgh ; Alar, Dunkirk ; Eagles wing, V alencia •' Vesta, Bremen; Ellida, Arendal ; Ann, St. Michael's ; Achilles, Elsinore ; Sereherdo Bomfen, Oporto ; Iron Gem, Elsinore and St. Petersburgh ; Sir Thomas Gresham, Port Philip ; Fruro, do. ; Hellerodo shores, do. CLEARED OUTWARDS WITH CARGO.—The William Bro dick, for Elsinore ; IJvaurn, Havre ; John and Sarah, do. ; Quenters, Cherbourg ; Emma, Rostock ; Thomason, Sand wich Islands. LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 26. The Tuscarora ' from Philadelphia, e ncoun t ere d, on th e 9th Sept., in lat. 41, long. 57, a violent hurricane from all points of the eompass, was thrown on her beam ends, and lay for about an hoar with her sails under water, lost fore and maintop gallant masts and all her sails. When the gale abated, the ship was found to have a list of about three streaks. The Royalist, of Maryport, was spoken and passed Sept. 13, lat. 48, long. 30, dismasted, by the Cobeguid, which also passed a vessel, bottom up, of about 150 to 200 tons, Sept. 11, lat. 47, long. 36. A derelict vessel, name unknown, was passed Sept. 19, lat. 47, long. 17, by the Urgent. Tho Wilton arrived from Jamaica under jury masts, having lost fore and mizen masts in a gale on the 10th inst. The Felicity, from Jamaica, in attempting to dock on Saturday, in charge of a pilot and in tow of a steamer, ran aground opposite the Coburg Dock, and it re qu i re d the aid of three steamers to get her off again. The Joseph Walker, for New York, and the Neva, for New Orleans, dragged their anchors, and went ashore at the Clarence Basin this morning. The Caroline, from Prince Edward's Island, drove alongside the Sandon Dock Basin, and subsequently drifted up the river, and went on shore on the Pluckington Bank ; crew saved. The In trinsic is ashore off the Bramley-Moore Dock, with loss of foremast, &c. The Shooting Star, from Quebec, lost top masts in Huskisson Dock. Arrived—The Europa (s), from Boston ; Wilton, Ja maica ; Urgent, Barbadoes ; Lena, Montreal ; Samuel, Richibucto ; Juliane, Santander ; Lady Bassett, Trinidad ; St. Vincent, St. Vincent ; Norman, Miramichi ; William Ward, Quebec ; Intrinsic, Prince Edward's Island ; Pet, Palernao ; Oxford, Wallace, U.S. ; Albatross, Melbourne ; Brazilian, Monte Video ; Diana, Bahia. NEW YORK, Sept. 10.—The Garland (barque), of Bel fast, while lying at anchor opposite Navy-yard, Phila delphia, on the night of Sept. 3d, was run into by the schooner Granite State. The Marsal a (British brig), whilst lying at anchor at Norfolk, Sept. 6th, was run into by a fore-and-aft schooner, when she received considerable damage. ELSINORE, Sept. 22.—The Pizarro, Grangemouth to Stettin, has come in leaky, and with loss of bowsprit, having been in contact with an English brig, and her bow much injured. The Axe, of Sunderland, from Leith to Riga, has come in with loss of both masts, having been in contact The William, from St. Petersburgh to London, put in with damage to bow, having been run foul of by the Meteor (American schooner), from Hull to Wyburg. The Meteor received slight damage. The Isabella, from New castle to St. Petersburgh, has been brought in with damage, having been in contact. HJERTING, Sept. 2L—The Albatross, from Jersey, for Cronstadt, was wrecked at Honstrop, Sept. 1; crew saved. MARGATE, Sept. 26.—The Barnard cut away main and mizen mast during the gale last night, and is still riding in the Roads. QUEBEC, Sept. B.—The Alicia, arrived here from Ply mouth, was in contact with a brig off the Pellars, name unknown. ARICHAT, Sept. 7.—The Margaret, of and from Prince Edward's Island to Liverpool, sprung a leak off Louis bourg, and put into this harbour Sept. 3, with ten feet water in her hold ; cargo discharging. The Pennie, from Prince Edward's Island to Dublin, cut away her masts during a squall, Sept. 4, and went on shore on little AH chat Head ; she has since been got off and towed into this harbour, and is discharging her cargo. VESSELS SPOKEN WITH. The Juno, Cardiff to Quebec, lat. 50 N., long. 15 W. The Condittican (brig). London to San Francisco, Aug. 24, lat. 12 N., long. 25 W. The Favourite, Buenos Ayres to Liverpool, Aug. 30, lat. 19 N., long. 34 W. The Sumatra, Ceylon to London, Sept. 12, lat. 37 N., long. 38 W. The Victoria, for Adelaide, Aug. 15, lat. 5 N., long. 18 W. Th e Daniel (barque), from Cork, Aug. 28, lat. 45 N., long. 54 W. The Superior (ship), from Londonderry, Aug. 30, kit, 45 N., long. 50 W. The Golden Era (barque), dismasted, Aug. 29, lat. 48 N., long. 34 The Annie, of Liverpool, with loss of sails, lat • 49 long. 25 W. A barque, showing No. 3,548, steering S. w ., Sept. 14 lat. 47 N., long. 10 W. The Naomi (barque), Liverpool to Valparaiso' "Sept' 211 lat. 49 N., long. 9 W. The John and Ann, St. John's, Newfoundland, to Bricla port, Sept. 21. The Earl of Hardwicke, London to Madras, Sep t. 18 ' lat. 47 N., long. 8 W. The Tallentire (brig), Fleetwood to Panama, 3-111 Y 15, lat. 22 S., long. 40 W. to The No. 8,417, 2d dist. pendant (ship), standing southward, Sept. 23, lat. 49 N., long. 9 W. 34 s,, The Sunda, Liverpool to Bombay, July 4, Ist long. 30 E. lat' S., Schiedam, Batavia to Liverpool, June 1 4 , S., long. 91 E. 3 8 .1 long. The Kortenaar, Liverpool to Melbourne, lat. . 57 W. 13r The Jan Pieterskoen, Liverpool to Melbourne, Mg' lat. 2 N., long. 19 W. The Woodlark, Feb. 19, 360 brls. The Fortune, off French Rock. tis . 19 The Mary Wylie, Liverpool to Sydney, Feb. 2 p S., long. 9 W. The Sea Belle, Boston to Port Philip, April 10. The Jane, Melbourne to California, March 7, long. 12. COUNTRY MARKETS. CHELMSFORD--SETT. 23. CV Ca Prices to-d a y were as f o ll ow : —Wh ea t, white, 01d : s t o to 70s Od, new 678 to 748; red, old 54s to 66.5, nevi.' el io, 688 ; barley, 328 to 388; chevalier, 368 to 418 ; Bn n o ats, 258 to 318; malt, 58s to 628 ; chevalier, 60s to 6as , 4 8 6 ; 19s to 25s ; peas, partridge, 38s to 438 ; white, 468 ,P:k 35 0 boiling 50s to 54 8 ; d un , new , 38 s t o 41 8 ; beaes,,. l ,' ° 7; to 388; Harrow ticks, 33 s t o 39 s ; M aza gan, 33s COLURESTER —SEPT. 24. Prices to-day were as follow :—Wheat, white, 685 red, 64s to 70s ; barley, 40s to 46s ; oats, 20s to 2 55 ; bes € l :o: Mazagan, 38s to 40s; middle and small, 42s to 4 68 ; 1) white, Ns to 54. s ; grey, 42s to 455. EXETER—Sm. 23. and all' CATTLE.—Prime beef, lOs 6d per score ; cows 121. 10s to 15/. ; butchers' calves, 6d to 6id per lb. , ''Fd to ot calves OOs to OOs each. Sheep, WI to 7d. Lanlb s f rid per lb. Store hogs, Os to Os each. Official Statement of the Quantities of Corn, Ste.,_,r e ce f r o in the port of London, from the following poll' s ' the 19th to the 24th Sept., both inclusive. a& 1.9. "a 0 ca 0 P.• 4 I g ,1 P. Colchester Harwich .. Leigh .... Maldon.... 93 500 83 436 ► 15 102 1 138! 4401 KIRK ;ALDY-SE: :PT. 24. ,--?, I -2 Wheat. Barley. Oats. liola First Second 6Bs Od 36s Od 21s Od v, s 0,1 I " 5 Third ~ Oatmeal, per bag of 2801bs imperial, 32s Od to 33s Om COAL MARKET--SErr. 26. Prices of Coal per ton at the close of the market :-' s. d. Wallsend t tte• d. s. Carr's Hartley 2O 0 0 6 Charlotte 2O 0 Russell's Eaton ..... 7 .... 1 6 Mating's Hartley 20 0 Framwellgate ............. L 0 Howard's West Hartley Hartlepool ............... 5 0 Netherton 19 6 Heugh Hall . .......... . ......6 Longridge's Wst Hat leyl9 6 Kelloe .. .`,,, 0 . Portland Hartley l9 0 South Kelloe ............... so 0 Tanfield Moor Butes 19 6 Cowpen ... . .. ....... . 1 g 0 Willington Hartley l9 6Prey's West - Hartley ••• Braddyll 22 0 Ship at market 143 I Sold 72. Wallsend; Ste. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 26. r . STOCK EXCIIANGE.—The market opened rwt an • r oVe ment on Saturday's rates, but closed at A to 1 p er °fo under the opening quotat ions. The rise in the corn .1 3 _ 0 , ket appears to be the cause of flatness in shares. Aberclu • East 115' 10; Caledonian, 24a ; Eastern Counties, 11 4 ; ,ter cashire, 151 ; Lancaster and Yorkshire, 620 ; Lanc 3 .bi, and Carlisle (new Third shares), 10a p. • Liverpool, C r° 1 :001, and Southport, 16 ; London and No rth-Western , , 100 ; Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 19 ; Mind 56a, a ; North British, 6* ; South-Eastern and Dov er, 5-16 ; Lancashire and Yorkshire (161. F. shares), hd• BIRMINGHAM, SEPT. 26. , r 40 STOCK EXCHANGE.--This market was a shade fi rm— er e day, and prices improved in proportion. Midlands l c done at 57, 56i, and 56k. MANCHESTER, SEPT. 26. tel ia. STOCK EXCHANGE.—Prices have still a downward sic!, ency, and brokers are busy. The sales embrace & clot erable variety of stocks. Eastern Counties, 11 ;, Lancashire, 15i ; She ffi eld (New Pref.), 1-16 p ; Lee d s ' e¢ West Riding 4/ ; London and North-Western, 99t; field, North British, 5 ; Bristol and Exeter, 90 ; Cbes ' w;r, Junction, 11 dis.; Midland, 56 ; Caledonian, 24 • • 17 ; London and North-Western (Eighths), Manohouter and Birmingham C Quarters, p. LEEDS, SEPT. 26. roll' STOCK EXCHANGE.—Shares h ave s li g htly recovered fief the depression of Saturday, but there are exceeding a l it purchasers, except to close accounts. The trausactioa s t o morning are as under :—Eastern Union (B) 7 a Eas an d Counties, ; Midland Stock, 56,i, 56k; Lance: l3l r e Yorkshire, 63 ; South-Eastern and Dover, 17k. SEABORNE MALLS. (N signifies that the mails are sent from the General Xv by the night—and M by the morning—dispatch.] lies Day when made up From what i e 10 COUNTRIES. in General Post- Port e • Office, London . 4 Dispatched. , „ l OW America(byßrit.pack)NlEvery Friday .... Liverpool ... America (by United Sts.l sePt packet) ..........NlOct. 4 ........ L.iverpool America (by U. States! packet) ..........NlSept. 27 .• • • ...... Southampton Oc t. 6 Australia (via South-L Dept 4 ampton) ..........M Nov. 4 ...... • • ... . Southampton 3O Ditto (via Marseilles) Ni ov, 8 .. Dover .... •• Ditto (via Cape of Good' nee r° Hope) ............N Oct. 4 ...... • • • • Plymouth ..• 1 , 4 26 Africa ( West Coast) ..N Sept. 23 . .. Plymouth S e !. t • 29 Alexandria.......... N 8,9, 24, & 30 of m. Dover ~.... S„, e r, Alexandria......., „M ,4th & 20th of mon. Southampton Oc t 16 Bahamas ...........M 17th of the month Southampton Oe_,',„ Belgium • • • • • • Dai1y......., .... Dover ...... Brazil .. ..... ..M 9th of the month.. Southampton o' 7 16 Buenos Ayres ........M,9th of the month.. Southampton el 26 Cape of Good Hope ..Nll4th of the month Ply mou th .• 11 ' 41 Cape of Good Hope .. N I Plymouth .• .06 Cape de Verde 14th of the month. Plymouth .• „t Ceylon (see India) Ceylon 14th of the month Plymouth ..5 ePp p , Channel Isles ........N Mon ~Wed.,&Fild. Southampton 1 n; Chi1i................M 2d & 17th of month Southampton Cie.' China (see India) 30 Constantinople ......N 7,8,17,21,&27 of m . Do ve r .... • • gpt• 4 Constantinople 4th 20th of mon. Southampton 10e," te (1 1 Cont. of Europe M &N Twice daily ...... Dover .....• 1^- Egypt (see India) ...I G O/ France ........ M& N Twice daily .. Dover .....• - t .2 6 Gibraltar .. M 4, 7, 17, 20, 27 ofm. Southampton Sep Greece (see India) 1 Greytown Hamburgh Havannah .......... M I2nd of the month Southampton et o • 'l lVr Holland - • • • • • ...... MI Wednesday & Sat. L on d on . n • • ! , 1 - t . 'l6 Honduras ..........M 17th of the m on th . S out h amp ton u. t. 20 India (vlaSouthampt.)ll,4th & 20th of mon. Southampton SeP t. 30 India (via Marseilles)MSth& 24th of month Dov e r 4eP lonian Isles (see India)! 140 sole Ireland ...... —3l & N.Twice daily Holyhead • • t, 6 Lisbon M 7,9, 17, & 28 of m. Southampton c",.. 16 Madeira 9th of the month Southampton fit, 98 Madeira N Aug. 28 .....• • ... Plymouth . • S e P Malta (see India) • pt. 18 Malta 7,17,19,28, 30 o f m. D over .... • • ' e - Mauritius (see India) Mauritius 14th of the month Plymouth • • -- ; t . 1 Mexico .. M ltd of the month.. Southampton ‘ .,„" t . I Naples ........N,sthl 6 th 26 thormon. Dover .....• .td New Granada A 1124 & 17th of m on th S ou th am pton New 7,e2land„ „ „ ..lEy private ship .. Various ports Papal States „ ....N,Fthlffih2sthofmon. Dover .... • • # Peninsula ..........Ml7thl7th2Bthofm on. S ou th am pton 1 Peru ... „ „ „mftd & 27th of mon. Southamptonlo Port Natal of the month tlymouth SeP t. Tuscany Sicily• : . ...• .NNsthlsth2stholinon. uover.sthiSth2sthohn on , Do v er .....• t, 0 1 Venezuela .. „ & 17th of mo n th Southampton ~ Van Diemen's Land (set' Australia) .. .. • • • • ct> West Indies ........A112,13.; 17th o: month Southampton 1 • .. A pc aile • When any of these dates ia:t on a Sunday, the r e dl B e dispatched on the following day. with the exception of the In ,„hed Southampton), and tie Malta, both of which will be difiPal— day preceding. BIRTHS. OF A SON. ,vo° l On the 24th of June, at Wuzeerahad, Punjab th e J. W. Medhwat, Esq., Lieutenant H.M. 10th fir t ailbei" On the 22d !nat., at Sydenham, the wife of G. R" Esq., stillborn. OF A DAUGHTER. .. th e On the 3Cth of July, at Berhampore, East filri3 vm tOr wife of Lieutenant George Swiney, 7th Reg,ilneum N.I. . coc ks, On the 21st inst., the wife of Archibald Le Esq., of 1, Lilly-terrace, Shepherd's-bush. _..../.. MARRIED. co rlefi On tie 23d inst., at Lindridge, Woreestershirpthe Its G. Shaw, Esq., to Elizabeth, second daughter (3 1,;,.. e . Sir C. S. Smith, Bart., of Eardiston, W o rcestert; c olit,P Mr. Martin Palmer, of Spring-gardens, On the 24th inst., at St. James's Church, !Sep' to fl i g . o tres" only child of Mr. F. Henry Fenton of St. Jaraes:>---"‘ DIED. th e r i9i bri li At her residence, Royal-crescent, Bath, e ll sir v ° oo i n ff so theh. , etLhßnae Royal-crescent diP.Ricanorl inst., e r t an ttß l u a a nnt Steele,ddh eR. widow of the late r ot, su l Palmer Acland, Bart., formerly of Fairfield, S° slB Ingham, in the county of NosriefeocYtlkoßr.eoeft97.3lun' 13edesrtrIleablo5a:Indecia::1141.11: On the 23d inst at 1, Rochester-road , s' A. villas, Jane, the widow of the late James Btld'-',-loorn'" Majesty's Ordnance Storekeeper, Fort Gefhrpgr'", P 3 ' 4 9 44 On the 24th inst ,at the house of his fa' path , Peckham, Gilbert, son of John Pei 24. I f i. C T ) o II LONDON : Printed and Published by Mic e, t 4 y of No. 112, St ran d, P r i n t er , at 2714 Sur t h e NO Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy' in Middlesex, Tuesday, September 27,18' THEIN] QU ARTE be held at 1 28t4 Septet r l l IN' That a p. the Quarter held at thel Instant, he " That co Which has t of a date su Court of Pt I he tilf SECO c, .a p 1114 te . / .1 SOL a&S VISINtee L ti ld every Ei LZOTURES.• e' LAS Md explainer r .„_ 6 l , en Mon witidren and NATIO gotten is I PDlfeatlons _ifealthy pers remai nii . °Eit next, Uer appliCat Proceed to c teantiro e , w n a nd among st 'aroPany. September NATIC ~NOtice Is v. Annual G Its held at t] we rate of th e patd-up c wa 2d instant, b RePtember RATIO The advani or one-half tl ° ` security gi ample pai 4 he prinelp the braved lE a l arge and n Qaima pror CHOLI .... AND( Noare, will 1 ev ening, the 441 's -street, rrnE v .. h L ZATERwit GU tY of water o fi eheed per d Water, are iZgers OGAr whist] elty s . tr 13 Is, D IRECT CC .61 &rich t s to h e to ner, Cili a ' s, and tend or via he( con nnunicati, No Porter a excepted. Messages f Within a dm Messages o Shillings; BC Messages fc are now recci circus, Picea( Messages 'arwarded 101 Each adelit !Co charge Messa ,, es Each addit ess age s Three Messages No charge lAtilea' static Each mile Offices :—I s„,, Clarence- A ew-street. WaY station. aIP,DICa Medical 'I Clenerative ~lbine ind( c esses. raeripti on hTcUch, Sr xiothers an arms S or t Dost "Ti ce 37 ONT AT " TUE E IdEss