The Sun. — London, England, 1853-07-07 00:00:00

• ~i7►."~ . 2:1 0 : 'll ec • N' t "ro 4 k , s .„ 7 ,1T tq „ ' 4/1-1 4 •r• k ".x• • 1 % ,-////i IJ ✓~ 'oh 17, lat. 4, lat. 6, SUBMARINE TELE GRA DH COMPANY between Great Britain and the Co: arope. Izt. 21 N, 30, lat. 49 5 S., long. lat. 3 S., Incorporated by Royal Charter NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an EXTRAORDINARY MEETING of the SHAREHOLDERS of the above Company will be held on Wednesday, the 20th inst., at one o'clock, at the London Tavern, in the city of London, to take into consideration the follow ing business ; To confirm the agreement entered Into with the society do Manley and Co. for the joint working of the two undertakings ; and also the steps taken by the Directors in reference to the capital of the Com pany, and to authorise the application of any portion of the capital for additional works that may be necessary ;or thought advisable by the Directors. G. L. PARROTT, Secretary. 30, Conthill, July 4, 1853. G REAT MILITARY CAMP at CHOBHAM. SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. In order to give opportunities for witnessing this grand military display, TRAINS will run, on and after MONDAY, 4th July, from WATERLOO to CHERTSEY, STAINES, and WOKING, the nearest Stations to the Camp, at convenient intervals, from 7 a.m., returning in the Afternoon. Horses and carriages should be at Waterloo Station by 6.30 a.m., and will be forwarded by Trains at 7 and 7.20 a.m. Chertsey Station is within four miles of the Camp, and omnibuses will be continually running at moderate fares. Superior private conveyances can also be obtained at Chertsey, at fixed fares, on application to Mr. Rowland, Swan Hotel. Arrangements have been made at Chertsey Station for the accom modation and refreshment of passengers by these trains. The Camp is within five miles of Woking, and of Staines Station four, from whence conveyances can be obtained. The route from Staines is via Virginia Water. By Order, ARM). SCOTT, Traffic Manager. Waterloo Station, July, 1853. ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE rules the Court, the Camp, the Grove ; and whether in the club, the pie-nic, the Mess -room, or the tented common of Chobha m , i s equa lly acce pt a bl e , refreshing, and invigorating, if supplied from my cellars. HARRINGTON PARKER, 51, Pall-Mall. , • Quarts, Bs. per dozen ; pints, ss. ; half-pints, 3s. Kilderkitis (in draught, highly recommended for the camp), 18 gallons, 305.-54 , Pall-mall. ToswILL t CO.'s CIGAR WAREHOUSES, No. 4 MONUMENT -YARD, and at 6,7, awl 8, PUDDING LANE, LONDON. The largest stacks in the Kingdom. Cuba, 6s. 6d. and 7s. 6c1.; Havannah Cigars, 7s. 6d. and Bs. 6d.; Cabanas, Silva% Woodvilles, Regalias, Lopez, and every variety, Bs. rnd. to 9a. 6d. per pound ; Cheroots, Mexican, and Pickwlcks, 6s. to 7s. per pound; genuine Foreign ilavannah Cigars, fine quality, 205., 223., and 245. per pou n d . FoTreolsgwril, 125.11 and Co's U n i on , a l so th e i r U n i versa l Ci gars, equa l t o per pound. Choice Tobaccos, Latakia, 7s. 6d., Turkey, ss. 6d., & c., &c. NEW FEATURE IN LIFE ASSURANCE. THE DEPOSIT and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 18, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London. CAPITAL—ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS. S. The Right Po noura bl e the Lord TRUSTEE Viscount Drumlanrig, M.P., P.C. Comptroller of her Majesty's Honsehold. Sir Charles Price, Bart., 3, King William-street, London. Lieut.-General Sir W. It. Clayton. Bart, Gloucester-place, Portman. square, and :Barden-park, Surrey. MAL,' WI.. Chairman—The Right Hon. the Viscount Drumlanrig, M.P., P.C., Comptroller of her Majesty's Household. R. Yallowley Barnes, Esq., 11, City-road, Finsbury. G. Noel Clarke, Esq., late 17th LancerF, Junior United Service Club. Gorge Coode, Esq., Portland-terrace, Wandsworth, and Belvoir, St. Helier's, Jersey, Stephen Cracknall, Esq., I, St. John's-gardens, Notting-hill, and 11 New-square, Lincoln's-inn. W. Jones, M.D., Davies-street, Berkeley-square, and Lutterworth, Leicestershire. George Knox, Esq., 15, Connaught square, Hyde-park, and Tor Lodge, Staffordshire. Alexander Maclean, Esq„ Harrow-on-the -Hill. C. Morgan, Esq., Berkeley, Gloucestershire. David C. Poole, Esq., 32, Upper Seymour-street, Portman-square. William Prinsep, Esq., 147, Leadenhall-street, and 8, Hyde-park. place West. Robert Andrew Riddell, Esq., Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law. Dr. Scanlan, 21, Upper Seymour-street West, Connaught-square. Major Sperling, 14, St. James's-square. AUDITORS, F. J. Eigg, Esq„ 126, Strand, Actuary and Secretary to the Medical, Legal, and General Life Office. William Jones, Esq., Accountant, 3, Guildhall-chambers. A. P eck , Esq., 8.A., Actuary to the Engineers and Masonic Life Office, 345, Strand. H. B. Sheridan, Esq., Manager of Times Assurance Company, Lud gate-hill. BANKERS. Sir Charles Price, Marryat, and Co., 3, King William-street, London. Messrs. Hopkinson and Co., 3, Regent-street. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Lewis, Finsbury -place. Dr. Scanlan, 21, Upper Seymour-street West, Connaught-square. 61711GEONS. A• T• Chapman, Esq., 16, Lower Seymour-street, Portman-square. Michael Teevan, Esq., 44, Gloucester-place, Hyde-park-gardens. CONSULTING ACTUARY. Francis G. P. Neison, Esq., F.L.S. SOLICITORS. Messrs. Hill and Mathews St. Mary-axe. RESIDENT SECRETARY. Charles W. Bevan, Esq. Deposit Ti le Public Is respectfully invited to examine the principles of the 4'ePosit System of Assurance, which is based upon tables calculated DY. and is under the immediate supervision of, Francis G. P. Nelson, Esq., F.L.S., the Consulting Actuary to the Company. Co mparative Tables to assure 5001 on death, by a person aged tWenty next birthday, on the ORDINARY and on the DEPOSIT system ofAssurances. WORKS ON EDUCATION PUBLISHED EY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS. A SCHOOL ATLAS OF CLASS GEOGRAPHY, Comprising, in Twenty Plates, Maps, and Plans of all the Countries and Localities referred to by Classical . strutted from the best materials, and embodying the' _ most recent investigations. By ALEX. KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., Geographer to her Majesty for Scotland, Author of the "Physical Atlas," CAL 'portant s, con of the Printed in Colours, uniform with the Author's General and Physical School Atlases, and accompanied by A COMPLETE INDEX OF PLACES. In which the proper Quantities of the S;llable;;;;Marked. by T HARVEY, M.A., Oxon, Classical Master in the Edinburgh Academy, Price 12s. 6d. balf-bound. CONTENTS. 1. Plan of Rome, and Illustrations of Classical Sites. 2. Orbis Veteribus Notus (et orb. Homeri, Ilecatml, Demount Strabonis, Herodoti, Ptolenuci). 3. Hispania. 4. Gallia. 5. Britannia (et Brit. Strabon., Brit. PtOlein., &c.) 6. Germania, Vindellcia, &c. 7. Pannonia, Dacia, &c. 8. Italia Superior et Corsica. 9. Italia Inferior, Sicilia et Sardinia (et Campania, Syracuse, &c. 10. Imperium Romanum (et Imp. Rom. Oecid. et Orient.) 11. Grmcia (et Athene Marathon, Thermopylae). 12. Grlecia a Bello Peloponnesiaco, Us. Ad. Phillip. 11. (et Man• tinea, Leuctra, Platma). 13. Asia Minor (et Bosporus, Troas, lonia, &c.). 14. Syria et Palmstina (et Hierosslyma, &c.). 15. Armenia, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, &c. (et !ter Xenopliontis). 16. Reg. Alexandri Magni (et Grannicus, Issus, Arbela). 17. Persia et India (et India Pto 18. Agyptus, Arabia, et lEthiopa (et .zEgyptus Inferior). 19. Africa (et Carthago, Alexandria, Numidia, et Africa Propria. 20. Europe, showing the General Direction of the Barbarian hi. roads, on the fall of the Roman Empire. (Nearly Ready.) By the same Author, 1. A SCHOOL ATLAS of PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, in which the subject is treated in a more simple and elementary manner than in the previous works of the Author. Printed in colours. Imperial 4to, half-bound in Bvo, price 12s. 6d. 2. A SCHOOL ATLAS of GENERAL and DESCRIPTIVE GEO GRAPHY, founded en the most recent discoveries, and especially constructed with a view to the purposes of sound instruction. With Index. Printed in colours. Imperial 4to, half-bound in Bvo, price 12s. 6d. 3. An ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ATLAS of GENERAL GEO GRAPHY for Junior Classes, including Maps of Canaan and Pale stine, with Index. Printed in colours. Demy 4to, half-bound, 7s. 6d. 4. SERIES of GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS, to accompany Johnston's School Atlases. Comprising the World—Europe—Asia— Africa—North and South America—the British Isles. In portfolio, price 2s. 6d. EPITOME of ALISON'S HISTORY of EUROPE, for the Use Schools and Young Persons. Fourth Edition. Post Bvo. 7s. 6d. bound. An ATLAS to the EPITOME of ALISON'S HISTORY of EUROPE. 4to, bound in cloth. Pike 7s. A CATECHISM of AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY and GEOLOGY. By JAnces F. W. JOHNSTON, F.R.SS.L. and E., Author of " Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology, &c. 32d Edition, price Is. ELEMENTS of AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY and GEO LOGY. By the sane Author. Sixth Edition. Price 6s. 6d. INTRODUCTION to the WRITING of GREEK. By Sir D. K. SANDFORD. A New Edition. Price 3s. Gd. bound. RULES and EXERCISES in HOMERIC and ATTIC GREEK; to which is added, a Short System of Greek Prosody. By Sir D. K. SA NDFORD. A New Edition. Price 6s. 6d. bound. EXTRACTS from GREEK AUTHORS, with Notes and a Voca bulary. By Sir D. K. SANDFORD. A New Edition, thoroughly revised by the Rev. W. Ycitch. Price Gs. bound. In the Press, A SCHOOL ATLAS of SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY. By ALEX. KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E. Uniform with the " School• Atlases of Classical Geography," &c. THE GEOGRAPHY of the ANCIENT WORLD, in so far as It is Sulyervient to the Understanding anal Illustration of the Classics. By JAMES PILLANS, F.R.S.E., Professor of Humanity h the Univer sity of Edinburgh. THE CHEMISTRY of COMMON LIFE. By JAMES F. W. JOHNSTON, F.R.S., &c., Author of "Lectures on Agricultural Che mistry," &c. INiitODINTORY *EXT-3100K of GEOLOGY, for the Use of Schools. By DAVID PAGE. A CATEdFIISSI of PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE. By HENRY STEPHENS, F.R.S.E., Author of " The Book of the Farm." 45, George-street, Edinburgh ; 37, Paternoster-row, London. ON THE ORDINARY SYSTEM. The sum the ordinary The sum the Life Oflicetwould give ordinary Life him if he were unable Offices would to pay, or if he omitted At the Ills give him for to pay his current end of policy the surrender annual premium of Annual thirty at that or sale 81. 6s. 3d. after he has premium years when age, of his policy, paid into their coffers .0 to assure , the party in case after thirty 249/.73.6d., and which 5 5001. is fifty of years'payments they have had the use years old, death I amounting to of at compound H hewill have will be ; 2491.75. 6d. interest, or in paid into worth which theyhave'the event of his death the office, had the benefit! one hour after such 'of at compouncd omission or inability interest. I to pay. I more 20 81. little 2 491.73.6 d. 5001. than 80/. I NOTHING. perhaps 90/. ON THE DEPOSIT SYSTEM. Ifunable to pay, or not desirous of paying or omitting topay,thero- Hey would still remain of its FULL value, 522/.2s.7d.tilldeath, if 20 years after, no fur ther payment beingre quired. Ifhowever the party, from any cause, wished to cancel the Policy, he could not 2251. 5 221.237 d 237 1. 28. 9d. onlydraw out all hehas 20'71.10s Od put in, viz., 2251., but a certain bonus of 621. 2s. 9d. in the bargain, which is more than one-fourth of the whole of his payments, or he could either draw out a part, 201. or 501., diminishing the Policy only by the assured value of the sum so drawn out at the age when withdrawn. See pagesS and 7 in detailed pamphlet, by F. G. P. Nelson, Esq. On comparison of these two tables it will be seen that a person under the novel system of DEPOSIT assurance can secure the follow ing advantages, viz., Ist. For a less sum, paid annually, he can assure a l arger sum in case of death than under the ordinary system. ?gip In the event of a desire to surrender his Policy he can receive -,„..,. a1 s Company, by the above example, which applies to all ages, - '''``ZE times as much as on the ordinary system. 3rdly. In the event Ofof t h h ia e l) ,!lltY or omission to pay, his policy remains still his property, nothing, i,ehvalue as it was, though he cease his current payments for any t uber of years ; whereas on the ordinary system, he gets 7 4t hly. Should he require to increase or decrease the Policy, he can do so at pleasure. lie can at any time, by giving' a fortnight's notice, withdraw any part from 11 up to the whole arn°n ut of his previous payments and with interest. After he has withdrawn part one year he can, by a single payment, three Ityears, or any time afterwards. raise his policy to a greater or even : f ormer amount ; and by this system he can at all times regulate 8 annu al- savings by his annual expenditure, with the facility in the ipargain of having a fund to fly to in case of necessity, the same as s a bank, with this palpable advantage, however, that he gets lnte _.e st far his money, and in case of death his family receive more than the amount of his savings. In ordinary Life Offices he can do no he tStih robot his policy at once lapses or is cancelled the moment cea ' Asnd t:8 pay his current premiums, and, instead of having any the __ . 11 3 7 to for aid, all his hail -earned savings become forfeited to .Z:f__"_°sietY, and his misfortunes serve to benefit the pockets of his —Zsi,ntasnyagte co-assurers. naundivbe'rsEnl'a7V re m is too equitable and too striking to be overlooked recosurance is the only system of assurance which can be tially canyaa sea. a.u n lsed and adopted when the principles are impar ecoininfetresregrsteiteteeravveardawittar Palpable benefits become widely diffused. It es than a bank because it allows a fair rate hands of the Col/Im,, tl t l4 rawal, and gives twice the amount in the cow:4lth° re presentatives of the Depositor in case Of death. thus ADVANTAGES lar nt ' til e 13Aagx AN Assint42. W ITH THE BENEFITS OF In case of endowment assnranE COMPANY system are still more atriklagompealzithrellradiivnanEtangTesnEofotßheDDlNErAonsty ADVANTAGES OF THIS C LIFE ASSURANCE known principle thereof. To those who prefer this branch PolicilteaAlC.,Cll' - —, eangaransutcaildasfrohmave2ob/e.etno 5,000/. on oven' e quivalent to the parti- Lives in all but the wrsetrsetagtakesenoeftdriaaez rejected by other Offices, enlar disease. Lnd of oans from 1,0/. and upwards granted on every ki real or personal, on the most equitable terms to tlae borrnwei: security, Per pas.nt Annuities of every description granted on very favour a b le t . Non -forfeiture of a Folicy.—ln case of Inability to po the currant rii. Premiums, the Directors will eitner purchase the Pettey at a fair market value, or give a new one in lieu thereof , less 5 ments rest corresponding in amount to the whole of the previou ' be‘ailed Which have been made. Posit system, and any further information may b e obtained on appn_ Prospectuses with tables in f urther illustratio n of the r a cation to the Agents lathe country, or to CHARLES W. BEVAN, Resident Secretary, B • - - -senti wanted in all parts of the World. ZdEDICAL ADVICE ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY. TT ARE LONDON, DR. SAMUEL LA'id:ERT, 37, BEDFORD-SQ— • . ers ity of boctor of Medicine, and Matriculated Member of the UniN iii Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital ,, Mocity, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., 41 ' 0 * _ AY be consulted, personally, or by letter, °u Medical i V 1.,,„ the various disorders of the nervous and generative system, e ed More sicung frorn juvenile irregularities and excesses, which have pro e7sein the t misery in youth, degradation in manhood, and prem.a sclecay at all stages of life, than perhaps any other class of Ms °wit to modern pathologists. Long and practical I nexprience . reatment of these diseases has proved that there are exis . , , ;ziat_necret causes of self-acquired miseries and disappointed hopes in Debility, traceable to certain pernicious habits, to which Nervous ege t ', 7 ; v arlous forms of Insanity, Unhappy and Unfruitful Marri ettatem7uPteneY, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and their i t is s. uncations owe their almost entire origin. pri n ., absolue' 1„ Dies•- , f Y necessary that all men should know that there are i- b elfrrt ae ~.Personal management which cannot be violated without ii;:„ ll ,eYcli" .. , ev ,,,O,us Penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed a,, - ,,0e i n ''' „" _lnconsiderate self-indulgence-, how these penalties th' s ' t o o ib ti"aaLcof, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed, cie tiu,r, is evil and its consequences may be avoided, and above all, I ' ) ileirn al ' A s t. earge lY anY degree of physical infirmity or functional in ZeTOR which the timely aid of scien aocannot apply a cure. La, , , , , phdr i i i, el tensb rs 'LEßT has for a long series of years been engaged and s Practice in the treatment of these delicate corn of the ta. the o the confide and nIY legally qualified Physician who, regardless * , r , ton t o i t " e reough the then-v 7 poctic and mock-modest, has had n„ , i medium of the public press, to direct f et.. In selectin ~,—,nUous evils from which no grade of society is rewarded by thel`,,", department of practice, he has been amply treatment of thesZ, - ",.. 4 ` fulecess that has attended his efforts in the care of un qualified ,7.,7,ca, Which are too generally confided to the publications, assuta ec ci` 16 'norant craphics, who, with their pirated of their patent nostrarnre,!gn names and titles, and pretended virtues have been induced to i ;f s : 'ave inflicted serious injury on those who At home for cona idist ne i faith in their pretensions. Six till Eight. All letters°4 n ,„.. d ,allY from Eleven till Two, and from medicines can be forward ed — s 7, contain the fee of 11., and advice and It i 3 desirable that pair,,""„,a/IY initials or address. should first obtain aco --' wishing to consult Dr. LA'MEItT Copy or his Work on SELF-PRE A Medical Treatise on the Ph' ii so SERVATION. Generative Debility, illustrat ed °- ; P ac h3' of Marriage and Nervous and cribing in detail the various fed tY-coloured engravings, and excesses. The The perusal of this rders resulting from secret habits and t description of their cases, and treatise will assist In the correct F eh, Spanir,h, Dutch, It h nlay be had, price 2s 6d, in English, ;rot and Co,, 23, Paternoster.,au or German, of Messrs. Piper Mann, 39, Co i row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; by post fur forrnt U ; Storie, Tit chborne-street, Haymarket ; or free dune, 37, _xoy-two staraps, to any address from the Author's rebi- As g0a14 " 1 4 1 7 earl LONDON. FRAMPTON'S PILL of HEALTH. The following testimonial is another proof of the great efficacy of this medicine : " Winclunore Hill, Middlesex, April 16, 1851. " Sir,—ln consideration of the great benefit I have derived from taking Frampton's Pill of Health, I feel it a duty that I owe to you and the public to send you the following statement. For upwards of nine years I have experienced the efficacy of this excellent medicine. I had long previously been afflicted with headache and indigestion, but a friend having induced me to make a trial of Frampton's Pills, I now inform you that a few doses gave me great relief; and during this long period of time I have taken them in preference to any other medicine ; and I have the happiness of saying that I never had a better state of health, which I attribute to Frampton's Pills. I beg further to add, that this medicine is in general use by my family, and we know of nothing to equal it. "I am, Sir, yours respectfully, THOMAS PROVINCE. " To Mr. T. Prout, 229, Strand, London. This excellent Family Pill is a medicine of long-tried efficacy for correcting all disorders of the stomach and bowels, and is a pleasant, safe, easy aperient ; they unite the recommendation of a mild operation with the most successffll effect, and require no re straint of diet or confinement during their use. Ask for FItAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH, and observe the name and address of " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London,"on the Government Stamp. ay 25, lat. 3 N., long, lat. 37 N., at. 17 N., 2G, lat. 49 0, tat. 31 me 8, lat. a London, June 18, 29, lat. 51 ork ; Con- me 3, lat. 11, lat: 48 London to o, May 13. 4, lat. 9 N. fore, May long.l9W. south Aus- lat 10 S, y 23, lat 6 o, May 26, land, June ong. 22 W. wick, June , June 25, W, June L W. 1110 15, lat. , lat. 32 S, ) N, long. a, May 26, • lat. 40 N, ebec, June Lad been on stance. L 5 N, long. , lat. 49 N► ,m 1 country teat met an ices of last per 701 bk t be quote 44 ,tmeal wereu Der 2401b5., 301bs. ; but Indian corn honey, but .eadily Bale d braila at sale at ibis trade veif. advance and spring iR QUARTBIt.', . 00S to 0016 . 38s to 400 . 32s to 330 . 00s to 00 4 . oos to 00 .853. 5d 3d Od Od Od heat during We cannot . to 4s. per of barley is )e imported Is is chiefly Ld none are red of Ger• C H. ck 36 to 38 6... 47 to 48 ... 41 to 46 rch- ... ___ to -- nd 38 to 42 Per Ton• Id to 0/ Os Oct 2s 6d 0/ OS is Od to 0/ Oe 108 to 0/ 00 s 6d to 000 . 36s to 380 . 27s to 350 9/ to 10100 )d to 97s 6cl 110110 s Od to 28s ; . ; rapeseed, Dd ; bakers, 6d to 32s Od 'ENT AND .CURE Or r, had been 3g of a very ttlemen at r remedies )f no avail, condition induced to e astonish iparatively given with ever since. )BHA.M.-- - posite the Lausanne, he wife of rnsey, the 3uernsey e wife of r Wiliam I Holmes, T of John GlaFgc Ilier-road, YOUNG , No. 11% county of N o . 18,965.] MR. COULTON'S NOVEL. Now ready at all tho Libraries, in 3 vols., F ORTUNE: A ROMANCE OF LIFE, By D. T. COULTON, Esq. " A brilliant novel. A more vivid picture of various phases of society has not been painted since Vivian Grey first dazzled and confounded the world."—Observer. Published for Henry Colburn, by his Successors, Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. MRS. TROLLOPE'S NEW NOVEL. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., THE YOUNG HEIRESS By MRS. TROLLOPE. " Much the best of Mrs. Trollope's novels. The characters are drawn with uncommon vigour."—Standard. " A deeply-Interesting story. The fortunes of the young heiress and tho history of her very remarkable family are developed with great skill."—Globe. _ . . " A tale full of romance and interest, which will not fail to win f'r Mrs. Trollope's distinguished talent an additional meed of popu• larity."—John Bull. Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, Successors to Henry Colbum 13, Great Marlborough-street. Price le. 130. and 2s. 9d. per box. DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS. To he had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row , Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street, Mann, 39, Cornhill. Price One Shilling each; by post, Is (hi. ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. "Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time." - - CONTENTS : —Early Rising-LSpring and Summer Mornings—Ex cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills Forests, Fields, High-roads, And other pleasant places —Country Trips and Rambles—The Sea —London at Night—Evenings at Home Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air, Kest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c. FRAGMENTS FROM THE FOUNTAINS. Two Vols. Vol. I. VISIT 10 THE LAKES; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &c. VoLII. TILE LAKES OF KILLARNEY ; REMINISCENCES OF DUBLIN, &c. WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID, "That three score years and ten our course may run." A - popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution that harasses the young, besets the man of pleasure, business or study, and em bitters old age ; with tablas and rules for the diet and physical:rega lation of every-day life. IV. THE PASSIONS. "What passions hurt the body—what improve, _ _. Truths as refined as Athens ever heard." SUBJECT :—Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad vent of the passions. Chastity and its infringement. The casualties oflieentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narra tive, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages. THE MARRIAGE STATE. To be or not to be, that is the question." FRommina:—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and choice, on both sides, as to age temperament, complexion, and flpire, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them. 1 hystcal defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion. Cases, &e. By R. C ITLVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A. 24), Twenty-nve years Medical and Forensic Referee in there matters. To be Price Is. each; by post, Is. 6d. Fleet -stre et ' bed of Rhcrwood, Paternoster-row herwood, 23, Pateoster-row ; Carvalbo, 147, Ten tAiUrglrill;Plae,4"d' 3 9, Cohill; or of M. R. Culver well, M.D.. s n ev e ln en t t l is i t x re i e t, .who may be consulted daily from IMPORTANT MEDIC., TRUE Lit FALSE olgrPlarrMeeiaTBo6dA Just published. b y li. _ —"" AND SURGICAL WORKS, nailliere. 219, Regent-street, London NO T vo., in cloth. p r i ewss. : ON with the View to the c rr HCEA, tn relation to the Treatment and Cur e 0 7.74 0 2. 1 of Debi Errors Generative System, or Sexual nype e b n = s e i r e s from lity of the Translated ttom the German of Dr. pi r . "Dr. Pic§ford ts known to English read er , by -',.. ORD cal contributions to German medical literature."' frequent practi addressed hi m This is vine, he informs as, that he has self , the first cal reader. We trust this may not be th e b`,.' 4o nnniedi_. t evil whi --"'' if he shall detect any other equally ilagran- uh it in v rower to correct."—London Medical Gazette. billy 30 be in his "We promised in a former number that we should r ecur . 18 51. wore, hi order to exhibit its aim more clearly. The author to this with great severity the impostors who ma ke a liveliho od by preB4"es on the credulity of the public. The tribe of ' Q uiet Symatia n g, and 'Medical Friends,' are mercilessly e x p osed ; and if th is boar could find its way into the hands of those who suffer from th c ern : plaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that man y hindreds w ould be saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of less importance, though It is that which the quacks most prize-- much money ...... This volume is well qualified to put an end to the empirical system of treating Spermatorrhma, and to place the treat mint upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore, likely to do much good."—Medical Circular, June 16, 1852. No. 11. svo.. In cloth, price 3s. 6d., by post free, 45., THE CURE OF STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA, on Princi ples at once Simple, Safe, and Efficient, in even its most Inveterate and apparently Intractable Forms. BY F. B. COD'RTENAY, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. "Tn proot of his views he (Mr. Courtenay) has given the history of a great many cases successfully treated, as bad as any which Mr. Syme adduced, and on which he had operated. Nich are cases ix., xi., ail., and xviii. No. ix. had resisted, for a period of twelve years, the treatment by dilitation, and was finally removed in as many weeks. But cages avtii. and xix. appear, both in duration, severity, and complication of symptoms, of a more ag gravated character than any detailed by Mr. Syme, and yet the treatment adopted by Mr. Courtenay proved eminently successful." Professor Lizars on the Treatment of Stricture. LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 7, 1853. " THE PRESS." —On Saturday, July 9, No. X., price Sixpence. of "THE PRESS,' the new weekly Conservative paper. Published every Saturday. Office, No. 110, Strand. To be had of all Newsmen and at the Railway Stations. Money orders for subscriptions sent direct to the office, to be made payable to Mr. Alfred lye. R OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. PATRON-H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT. NEW and INTERESTING ATTRACTION. On TUESDAYS and FRIDAYS, at Four o'clock, and Every Evening (except Satur day) at Nine, the FIRST PART of an HISTORICAL LECTURE on " THE THAMES," from its Source to its Estuary, by GEORGE BUCKLAND, Esq., assisted by Miss Blanche Younge, with appro priate Songs and Dissolving Scenery, in addition to the varied SCIEN TIFIC LECTURES and EXHIBITIONS. Open Mornings and Evenings. Admission, Is.; Schools, and Cttildren under Tett years of age Half-price. LAITRENT'S CASINO, ARGYLL ROOMS.- (Lessee, CHARLES E. LAURENT, Onslow-house, Fulham road.) Open Every Evening. The Orchestra will perform, during the week, "The Rose," "Thistle," "Shamrock," " &mins." and "Rigoletto " Waltzes, by H. Laurent ; the " Rosalinda" and "Nymph," by D'Albert ; the " England," "New Topsy," and " Lago Maggoire" Quadrilles ; the " Gold Hawk" and " Juno" Polkas.— Admission, Is. Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock; to com mence at Nine, and terminate at Half-past Eleven. BRIGHTON SELTZER WATER, 4s. a dozen. Mr. HOOPER has REDUCED his PRICE for Brighton Seltzer and Fachingen from 6s. to 4s. per dozen. Also other aerated waters In proportion, and which are unsurpassed, if not unequalled. Six-dozen hampers carriage free. Balls and fetes supplied in such quantities only as may be required. Delivery twice daily. A pro spectus with list of prices can be had on application.—HOOPEß, 7, Pall-mall East; and 55, Grosvenor-street, Bond-street. B RITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH, Hamilton-place, New-road, London. FOREIGN GENERAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF MORISON'S TILLS, the Vegetable Universal Medicine. Amsterdam ....... .. Mr. Jacob Meihuizen. Baltimore (U.S.) .... Barbadoes Barcelona (5pain).............., Messrs. Charles Sola, Miret, and Cuyas. Basle (Switzerland) Mr. Roderick Scholp. Brody (Germany) . ....... N. Kornfeld, Esq. Buffalo (U.S.) . ...... . Mr. Czeicke. Cadiz ............ Calcutta Cape Breton ..... ...... . Lieut. J. 3l`Kinnon. Carthagena Rafael Canto, Muralla del Mar. Constantinople ................ Mr. A. Stampa. Copenhagen Mr. C. S. Holm and Mr. Michael sen. Cracow Curagos (W. 1.) ...... • • • • Messrs. Senior. Douglas (Isle of Man) ••••• • • • • • Mr. Johnson. Elsinore •••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • Mr. 0. S. Steenburg. Frankfort • ........ ..... ....... Derek, Freres. George Town City (Demerara) •. Mr. John M'Douall. Gibraltar......... ....... Mr. T. H. Roberts. Guernsey .... • ....• .. Halifax (U.S.) .•..••••• • • • . • .. Messrs. A. and W. Mackinlay. Hamburg •••• • • • ...... ••• • • • Messrs. Krauskopf and Co. Kempton (Bavaria) ...... . • .... Mr. M. Gayrhos. Kingston (Jamaica) .......• .... Miss Kington. Malta ....... ••••• • • . . .... Mr. Muir, Library. Melbourne (Port Philip) ...... Mr. A. Charlwood. Madras ........ Madrid •••• • • . .•• • • • ...... Messrs. Saavedra and Co. Matanzas (Cuba) Dr. Ambrosio C. Santo, Cale del Medio, No. 13. Mexico Mr. Jean Togno. Montreal.. New York (U.S.) ..... Odessa (8a55ia)....., • Wm. Wagner. Paris grand. Passau ........... Pernambuco (Brazils) ........ A. S. Corbett, Esq. Valencia . . Mr. Antonio Andrews. Bishop's Auckland (New Zealand) Mr. R. Parris. ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND TURKEY. (From Ike Morning Post.) _ - For the last few days rumours have been current in London and in Paris, to the effect, that the views of England and France are not identical, with respect to the course to be pursued in the East— that neither Power is resolved as to the light in which the Russian occupation of the Danubian Principalities is to be re garded—that England, especially, displays symptoms of vacillation—that she hesitates to allow the passage of the Dardanelles by her fleet, and that she wishes Turkey may discover some pacific method of making the best compromise she can with Russia. We are enabled to give an unqualified contradiction to these rumours, which can owe their origin to no other source than the endeavour of Russian intrigue to sow distrust between the Cabinets of London and Paris, or to the equally fertile invention of stockjobbing. We affirm, with confidence, that both the policy and action of England and France are one. Both Powers regard the invasion of the Principalities as a violation of the integrity and independence of the Ottoman Empire, and as an act of war. Of course, the fleets at Besika Bay are not ordered to enter the Dardanelles. Such an order would amount to a violation of the independence of the Porte, as flagrant as that committed by the Czar. The duty of Admirals Dundas and Hamelin is, to obey implicitly the orders of the Ambassadors of their So vereigns. The instructions which have been forwarded t o Lord Stratford do Redcliffe.and M. de la Cour are, to place the combined fleets entirely at the disposal of the Sultan—in the event, of which there can be no doubt, of his considering and proclaiming the present lawless invasion of his territory an act of war. The ambassadors are directed to summon the naval forces of England and France, the instant the Porte requests it, not only to enter the Dardanelles, but to proceed, in the Black Sea, to whatever operations our Ally may deem requisite for his safety and advantage. (Prom the Morning Chronicle.) Mr. Layard has given notice that he will to-morrow call the attention of the House of Commons to the pre sent embarrassed state of the relations between the Governments of Russia and Turkey. He had made a similar announcement some time back, but he was in duced to forego his purpose—in compliance, we pre sume with the very natural wish of the Government to avoid a Parliamentary discussion of the Eastern ques tion in the then state of the negotiations. Yet the reasons for deprecating a debate on this subject are not less strong now than they were a month ago ; and it can scarcely be denied that, at the present juncture, Mr. Layard's motion is very inopportune, whilst it may prove extremely embarrassing. Any statement which he may make will neceesarily carry with it great weight, not only on account of his personal abilities and the knowledge and experience of the Eest which he pos sesses, but also from the fact of his having recently held an office in the Foreign Department, and from his having accompanied Lord Stratford de Redcliffe to Constanti nople. Though Mr. Layard is, strictly speaking, an independent member of the house, his views, whatever they may be, will be thought elsewhere to represent those of the Government. It ought, however, to be known that he held no official appointment when he went to Constantinople, but that he proceeded thither simply as the friend of Lord Stratford. He has never held office, of any kind, under the present Adminis tration ; and whatever, therefore, may be the opinions which be may express, or the views which he may take, they are to be regarded entirely as his own, and in no way as those of the Government. Apart, how ever, from any misconception which may exist with reference to the position of the mover, a debate upon the matter, under present circumstances, must, in any case, be most unsatisfactory. It is impossible to expect that Ministers, in the existing posture of affairs, will enter into an explanation of their policy with re gard to the Eastern question ; and consequently, any disclosures which may be made will necessarily be im perfect, and of little value either to the house or to the country. Nor, on the other hand, is it likely that a Parliamentary discussion will facilitate the endeavours of our negotiators to obtain a pacific solution of the pending difficulties. It cannot be said that, in this matter, the uncertainty and indecision of public opinion require to be corrected by a Parliamentary elucidation of the merits of the question. There have of late years been few instances of so remarkable a unanimity of national sentiment as that which prevails on this subject nor would it be dif ficult to show that the universal popular feeling is jus tified by the facts of the vase, Even if we consider the course pursued by Russia towards Turkey solely with reference to British interests, it will at once be obvious that it is the bounden duty of this country to prevent the designs of the Court of St. Petersburg from being carried out. To maintain the independence of the Otto man Empire has ever been recognised as one of the first objects of the foreign policy of Great Britain. It has always been felt that the possession of the European dominions of the Porte by the Czar would give the latter a dangerous political preponderance ; and the events of the last few years have not tended to abate the ap prehensions felt on this score. The power and resources of Russia have rapidly increased, and the helpless condition of Austria prevents that Power from serv ing as a counterpoise to her strength. Nor must it be forgotten that, while our communications with India would be seriouslT endangered by the extension of Russian influence in the East, we have vast commercial interests which are directly involved in this question. Of late years, there has been an almost unexampled development of trade between Great Britain and Turkey. The ottoman Empire, with its liberal tariffs, has become a most valuable customer to our manufacturing towns, whilst the removal of the restrictions on the importation of grain has stimulated the industry of the vast corn -producing countries watered by the Danube, and all the conditions exist for a profit able and increasing interchange of products. Our trade with the Sultan's subjects if far more important than that which we carry on with Russia, and we should sus tain a most serious loss if the countries which are now open markets were placed under tile exclusive system of the latter Power. Material and political interests alike render it an object of importance to prevent the terri tories of the Porte from being incorporated with the dominions of the Czar. Thus, even if wo were only to regard the maintenance of the Turkish Empire as it affecs the immediate inte rests of Great Britain, there could be little doubt as to the policy which prudence would require us to pursue. But it must also be remembered that England has, in common with the other Governments of Europe, en tered into treaties to pr eserve the i ntegrity of Turkey ; and the measures adopted by Russia are in direct con travention of the settlement agreed upon by the great Powers. We do not see how France and Great Britain can permit these engagements to be set aside at the plea sure of the Czar. If such acts of wanton aggression are to be perpetrated with impunity, there is an end to all ques tions of right in dealings between one nation and another. Russia has, without any colourable pretext, proceeded to employ force against the Porte, and she has done this in direct opposition to the exprese desires of the West ern Powers. Every attempt has been made to effect an arrangement of the dispute by friendly mediation ; but all such overtures have been contemptuously rejected, and Russia has persevered to the last in making de mands to which it was impossible for an independent State to accede. And now, unable to obtain compliance by menace and intimidation, she has invaded the Sul tan's territories. If ever there was a case of flagrant injustice, it is in the present Russian occupation of the Danubian Principalities. That proceeding is a gross outrage inflicted upon Turkey, and an insult to the rest of Europe, which it will be impossible for other Powers to permit. On all these points there is little difference of opinion. There may, indeed, be some persons who find satisfac tion in the belief that the whole difficulty might have been averted by the adoption of a different attitude on the part of the English Government. On the general question, however, politicians of all parties have only one feeling ; and they are anxious to follow up the po licy which has been pursued by several generations of English statesmen, in dealing with the affairs of the East. That policy has been to maintain the independence of the Porte against the attacks of any of the great Powers—to preserve a State the existence cf which is essential to the balance of power in Europe. Should it become the duty of France and Great Britain to support their ally by force of arms, the quarrel will certainly not have been sought by this country—it will be entirely due to the selfish and aggressive conduct of the Court of St. Petersburg. We trust, however, that the ad visers of the Czar will even yet reflect upon the risk of confronting an alliance so powerful as that which may be arrayed against him, and that they will perceive that they are already condemned by the opinion of the civilized world. In England, no one has been found to excuse or defend the conduct of Russia ; and even with the possibility before us of a con flict which all must deeply deplore, we hear nothing of those agitators who are accustomed to denounce all in terventions in the affairs of Foreign States as the worst kind of unprofitable and dangerous meddling. The Peace Society is silent ; and it is only in the manifesto of certain politicians of provincial obscurity that we are advised to let Russia seize Constantinople if she will—a step from which it is argued that the Czar would, strange to say, lose in power. But, with the single ex ception of the Liverpool Financial Reform Association, we have heard of no class or party that is prepared to view with indifference the consequences of the unchecked advance of the Russian arms in Turkey. We more than doubt whether a debate in the House of Commons will show any diversity of opinion on that point, or whether the Court of St. Petersburg will find any unwillingness on the part of Parliament to support, if necessary, the Ottoman Government. THE UNITED STATES. LIVERPOOL, JULY 6. The British mail steamer arrived at Panama on the 11th ult. The weather was intensely hot, and many per sons had died from the effects of coups de solicl. Mr. R. Augustus Ewing, of Connecticut, had been appointed Secretary of Legation to St. Peters burg. __ _ The New York Herald has an article on the financial and commercial prospects of the United States, in which he says : "That the present season of commercial activity and unbounded speculation cannot last for ever; that fluc tuations in the price of money are not altogether things of the past ; that we have not reached that degree of stability and permanent security when the lessons of experience may be safely discarded ; that sudden checks may occur, banks may curtail, and private credits be unexpectedly withdrawn, are propositions the truth of which no sensible man of business will be disposed to deny. Nay, more, it must be obvious to all that there exist at the present moment peculiar causes for appre hensions." The steam-ships Northern Light and Crescent City had arrived at New York with the Californian mails of the Ist of June, and 520,300 do's. 20 c. in specie on freight. Among their passengers were a number of miners from Australia, who had chosen the Panama route to England. The passengers crossed the Isthmus, which was in a good condi tion, in 40 hours. The steamer which left San Francisco on the Ist of June had on freight 2,283450 dols. in specie. Both miners and agri culturists were doing well. Difficulties had oc curred between the authorities and a body of squatters upon the banks of Feather River. The San Francisco Herald gives the following account of an attempt by the marshal to serve warrants on some of the squatters : " We subjoin a history of what transpired on the marshal's attempt to serve his summons, and it will be seen that these men have manifested a very desperate temper. A portion of the account is taken from a Sa cramento paper, but we add some details which will exhibit more clearly the nature of their resolve : " Deputy Marshal Douglass passed up the river on Saturday, for the purpose of summoning the parties to show cause why a perpetual injunction should not be is sued against them. Upon his arrival at Colusi, he learned that a meeting had been held and resolutions ' passed to prevent by force his serving the summons. After several repeated messages, in which he e x pl a i ned his mission, and th a t h e simply desired to discharge his duty as a ministerial officer, without effect, he deter mined on Monday to appear among them, and reason face to face with them upon the folly of their course. He accordingly, against the advice of friends, did so, and entered among them in their deliberations. He found some 40 or 50 of the settlers carousing together and making merry with liquor and upon a fatted calf, which they had appropriated from the herd of a d—d speculator.' " When Mr. Douglass appeared among them, he was at once told that he should not serve the summons, and that if he attempted to do so they would kill him on the spot. As to their threats, Douglass said he was pre pared to d e f en d himself, but as his object was not to quarrel with them, he would explain to them a seeming misapprehension of the nature of the paper which he carried. It was simply a notice of the commencement of a suit, by which their rights, as well as those of the plaintiff, were to be determined. Douglass attempted further to reason with them, but without avail, and finally he had to desist. " The men, however, made hi m partake of their meat and drink, and, having done so, told him he could not serve his paper, and he had as well leave. This Doug. lass concluded to do, and he returned to Colusi, where he deposit e d th e pi s t o l h e h a d borrowed. Taking the steamer then for Sacramento, a woodyard was touched at, of which the proprietor, Holiday, was one of the parties against whom he had a summons. He therefore delivered the writ to him enveloped, and at the same time commenced reading the summons. Holiday, when he discovered the design, jumped upon the wood, and re marking very coolly, at the same moment, ' Well, I may as well kill you now as at any other time,' caught at a billet of wood, and, with both hands, made a blow at the head of Douglass. It would have crushed his skull, but Douglass, by a timely lifting of his arm, warded off the stroke in a measure, though, such was the force with which it was given, that, falling upon his shoulder, he was precipitated down the bank and upon the bow of the boat. Recovering himself; the deputy marshal applied to the captain for a weapon. The reply was that he had none, but possibly pistols could be obtained from the pilot. The latter, bow ever, having probably heard the request, had got out of the way, and so Mr. Douglass had to continue as before, entirely unarmed. Holiday, meantime, had procured a revolver, and proclaimed his intention to kill the mar shal. This he announced with abundance of vehement gesticulations and threats, but at length desisted, upon the captain's telling him he would have no more dealings d w e i p tl u i t hm if he did not do y i marshaion s T board, o proceeded ceedbeodat on her it r w wa h th y th e Sacramento." On the retreat of the marshal the squatters, who were well armed, proceeded to burn down the house of a medical man, and committed other violence. Strikes for higher wages by the labouring popula tion were becoming common. Trade was very dull. The prices of some articles of consumption had fallen below prime cost. According to telegraphic accounts from Boston, the Newfoundland papers contained bitter com plaints of the manner in which the French cruisers drove the British fishermen from St. George's Bay. They state that the British vessels were compelled to put to sea, leaving behind all their nets and fish, and that, when some of them put back from stress of weather, they were fired upon by the French vessel. The French commander, when remon strated with, is reported to have said that they might thank their own Government, which had driven the French from Salvador. The subject was to be brought before the Legislature of the colony. Letters from St. John's, New Brunswick, an nounce the departure for the fishing grounds of Admiral Seymour in the steamer Argus. Previous to his departure he was presented with an address, to which he replied " It has been gratifying to me to find that the manner in which the officers and seamen employed in the pro tection of the fisheries performed their duties last year has been appreciated here. Their steadiness and mode ration were acknowledged, and it will be my endeavour to give such instructions as will combine the mainte nance of the privileges reserved by treaty for her Ma jesty's subjects with the regard due to the rights of foreign nations." We have Havannah dates to the 22d ult. There is no political intelligence. The markets were dull and inactive ; sugar was easier. Vessels were very much wanted, as there was an immense quantity of sugar in store. The quotations were to London, 755. ; Cowes, 655. Sterling exchange was quoted at 10i per cent. premium. Advices from the Bahamas state that instructions had been received from the Government to obtain information as to the precise time of arrival and departure of the Royal West India Company's steamers at the various ports. Advices from Panama mention the arrival at that port of Miss Catherine Hayes, en route to South America. The following letter from Otaheite, Society Is lands, gives some information respecting its present condition : "At this port we found an American whaler and a French frigate moored in a snug little harbour, large enough to accommodate about 10 vessels. Anchorage is charged by the F renc h G overnor at t h e ra t e of sloa vessel. Water can be had, but it is attended with muck difficulty, and it would take a long time to water a steamer. Nothing can be got in the way of ships' sup plies. Pork is from 10 to 20 cents. per lb., on the foot ; and the hogs, like the natives, are so wild that you can not use them in any way. The natives will not even bring their bundles of fruit to your boat after it is pur chased. "The destitute condition of the island is owing to the French monopoli s i n g everything. The King was ab ou t to be baptised and converted to the Catholic faith. w e could not get a chicken even for a sick man, and, h a d we not managed to get a few pigs from a schooner that had just arrived from another island, we should have been compelled to sail as we entered. "We are here all well. The Monumental City sailed a week ago. There are about 1,000 tons of English coal here. It has been exposed to the sun for 10 years, and is good for nothing ; but we, like Monumental City, will have to take it, and pay about $3O a ton, put on board. " Labour here is $1 per day. There are no fresh pro visions in the market, and we shall have to go round the island for a week to get en oug h to eat for a day. The inhabitants say itis a fine island, if they had enough to eat. " The railway, which it was said could take up a ship of 900 tons, cannot take up a brig of 200. We shall disburse at least $20,000 here, and after all we shall have nothing. The natives say they will not raise as the p resent Government exists. anything so long Before the French came here I am told that 50 whale ships could refit and recruit at the same time with ease. The laws of the port are not calculated to encourage commerce. " I should recommend all sailing craft to go straight to Sydney, west of the Fejees ; touch at Honolulu, where everything can be had cheap and in one day, and, if necessary, at the Fejees or Navigators, where two [PRICE SD. days are sufficient to get all that is wanted. Here nothing can be had but water." A letter dated Tahiti, from the same source as the above, says : "Tahiti is a lovely place, and, without dispute, the gem of the Pacific. You can stroll for hours through the beautiful orange groves, and the delicious perfumes that are wafted on every breeze remind one strongly of the Paradise described in Scripture. The natives of the islands, both male and female, are ,much given to dissi pation. The stringent laws of the French bear heavily on the poor natives, who at present entertain a feeling of bitter animosity against their foreign rulers. This may at no distant day result in an outbreak. The French have erected a good fort commanding the en trance to the harbour, and have a frigate of 48 guns, and one war steamer, now anchored here with a military force of about 300 on the island. The French officers are very gentlemanly in their demeanour towards Ame ricans generally. Since my arrival here I have dined with all the civil and military functionaries of the island, and to-morrow have art invitation to dine with Queen Pomare and his Royal Highness, her husband. He is a fine-looking old fellow, but appears somewhat careworn, and evidently feels his degradation. There are about 15 vessels in this port at present, most of them French." COMMERCIAL. Business at New York was reported to be gene rally dull at the Arctic's departure, and money was obtainable on even easier terms than men tioned in the last advices. In the Stock Market also considerable dulness continued to exist. The report of the condition of the market for breadstuffs was more satisfactory, greater activity existing, and prices consequently showing a dis position to improve. _ : The - unfavourable condition of the Cotton Ma r ket, stated to exist at the departure of the last steamer, was reported as still continuing at New York when the Arctic left. In the Provision Market no improvement in business was reported to have taken place, but few transactions having been effected since our last advices. In freight there was no change to report. Foreign exchanges were in moderate demand, but firm. Bills on London, 1091. REDUCTION OF ADVERTISEMENT DUTY. WE are always glad to hear of a reduction of duty, and think everybody must entertain the same sen timent. The duty on advertising has not bean so much a tax on newspapers as on businessmen and servants communicating with the public by means of advertisements. It will be obvious to every observer that E. Moses and Sox have adopted this means of in tercourse with their friends and the public to a larger extent than any other Business Establishment; yet they have never been able fully to express the facilities they have in the Tailoring, Cloth ing, Hatting, Hosiery, Boot and Shoe Making, and General Out fitting Business for Ladles, Gentlemen, and Children. To have done so would have required space not less than half that of an ordinary newspaper, or would have occupied the pages of any supplement published. If it is remembered that the most gigantic and commodious Establishment ever maintained is that of E. Moses and Sox, Aldgate and 3finories, and that another called a Branch of this commercial pile is occupying the most conspicuous position at the West End (New Oxford•street, Corner of Hart street); and in Yorkshire, at Sheffield and Bradford, are two others of equal celebrity. Thousands on thousands are contributing to these stores of magnificence and comfort ; and while the greatest benefits are derived by the pubic from cheap and elegant articles of Dress, an advantage is possessed by thousands from the em ployment thus distributed amongst the people. If, therefore, E. Moses and Sox had been inclined to indulge in amplification, it would have been difficult for them to express one-half the char acteristics of their unrivalled Business Establishments, where the most accomplished artists in the world are daily devising novel ties in Attire—where for each season the most appropriate mate rials and styles are associated—where every section in society is furnished with unparalleled articles of Dress to measure or ready made—where separate departments, each communicating, display the most extensive, novel, elegant, and superior stock of Caps, Hats, Hosiery, &c., and where a Wholesale Clothing Business is conducted which has for many years proved the most profitable means of in vestment to tradesmen, merchants, captains, and all classes of emi grants. At this time E. MOSES and SON invite particular attention to their extraordinary preparations for the Summer Season, which comprise novelties in every way excelling, and specially so in Juve nile Attire, to which the attention of the best al Lists and workmen in the world has been distinctly directed. Whatever may be the benefits derived from reduced taxation, E. MOSES and Sox are confi dent that the reductions they are making in the price of every de scription of Clothing will be the greatest of all advantages to the public. CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the public against imposition, having learned that the untradesman-like talsehood of " Being connected with their Establishment," or " It's the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have No CONNEXION WITH ANY OTHER HOUSE IN OR OUT OF LONDON, except their own Establishments, as follows : London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83, 84,85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating. London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2, 3, Hart-street, all communicating. Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street. Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate. Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Boot and Shoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen. IMPORTANT —Should any article not give satisfaction, it will be exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned without hesitation. All goods are marked in plain figures, the lowest price, from which no abatement can be made. - The Establishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset on Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock. A new Book, " The Herald of the Seasons," containing MU lists of prices, our system of self-measurement, facts relative to Australia, advice to emigrants, &c., may be had on application, or post-free to any part of the kingdom. A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1853 can be had gratis, on application. Id Pon parle Francais. Hier spricht man Dents:eh. Qui si parla Italian°. Aqua se babla Espanol TAKE NOTICE ! MESSRS. R. & L. PERRY & CO. CONTINUE TO BE CONSULTED AS USUAL, AT 19, 13 ERNERS-STREET, OXFORD -STREET, LONDON, ON THE SECRET CAUSES OF SELF-ACQUIRED MISERIES AND DISAPPOINTED HOPES. THE SILENT FRIEND. In Six Languages—Fiftieth Edition. CONTAINING THE REMEDY FOR PREVENTION OF DISEASE. Illustrated by One Hundred Anatomical Coloured Engravings and Cases. New Edition, enlarged to 200 pages, price 2s. 6d., by post, from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in stamps, THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by excessive indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of mercury, with directions for the use of the preventive lotion, fol lowed by observations on Marriage, and the disqualifications which prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By It. and L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford street, London. Published by Sherwood and Co., 23, Paternoster row, and sold by Hannay, 63, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Gor don, 146, Leadenhall-street ; 95, Farringdon-street ; W. Sutton, 10, Bow Church-yard ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; R. Johnson, 68, Cornhill. PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive organs, and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings. PART 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings. PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in the primary or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engrav ings. PART IV. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated. PART V. is devoted to the comdderation of marriage and its duties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into. THE CORDIAL BALM OF STRIACTIM is exclusively employed in treat ing nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &e., its. and 335. per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary sytnptons, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, its. and 335. per bottle. Perry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I Is. per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and chronic inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, 1/. A minute detail et the case is required : age, habits, and posi tion In society. 5/. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Establish ment only, by which the fee, If., is saved. Messrs. Perry, Surgeons, are in attendance, daily, at 19, Bemers-street, Oxford-street, Lon don, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Eight; on Sunday from Eleven t^ One. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.—E. Newman, Esq., presi dent, took the chair on the 4th inst. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed, and a list of donations read. R. F. Logan, Esq., was elected a mem ber of the society. Mr. Smith exhibited a box of insects, taken by Foxcroft, in Scotland, containing, amongst other rarities, a specimen of N. Carmelita ; Mr. Janson, Pachetra leucophma, taken on Mickleham Downs ; Mr. Tebbe, N. Trepida from Highgate ; Mr. Weir, 2 Aplota palpella, bred from genista tinctoria ; Mr. Stevens, Plinthus caliginosus, larva of L. Sybilla, and a speci men of Ch. Delphinii, bred ; Mr. Bond, Hydrilla cali ginosus, taken in the New Forest ; Mr. Waring, two living mole crickets, the survivors of six he had placed in the box two days before, the others having been de voured by their companions ; Mr. Westwood, Lampronia corticella, bred from the shoots of raspberries, to which they had, in some parts of the north, done great damage, and Celeophora lascinipennella, which had been very in jurious to the finer kinds of roses ; Mr. Shepherd, Spilo nota simplana, Chrosis Andoniniana, Retinia Turionana, Eupithecia, maculatarii , and Madope salicalis, taken at West Wickham. Mr. Stevens mentioned that he had taken many moths on a thistle infested with aphides, seemingly attracted by hone y-dew. M r . Wi ng said he had seen th e same thi ng a t th e en d s o f goose berry sh oo t s . G REER BANDITS.—A deputation was sent f rom S amos , a sho r t t i me ago, with 100,000 piastres (25,000 f.), to be Minor, paid at Constantinople. On disem barking in Asia they were assailed by bandits, who took the money from t h em, and then sent back' four of them to say that, if another 100,000 piastres were not paid, the remainder, six in number, would be put to death. The a dministration and the Senate of Samos were without resources, and neither they nor the families of the pri soners had the means of going to their relief. The bri gands are supposed to be the band of Vani-Caterdji, who some time ago committed great excesses in the environs of Smyrna. DIPLOMATIC PASTRY.—There is every probability that , the dish heretofore known as Nesselrode Pudding, will, in future, be denominated Humble Pie.—Puck. THE RIVER PLATE AND ITS T.RIBUTABIES. The following memorandum on the advantages which Great Britain may expect to derive from the recent opening of the rivers Parana, Paraguay, and Uruguay to vessels of all nations, and from the conclusion of the recent commercial treaty with the Republic of Para guay, will be, read with much interest by our commer cial readers : "The advantage which trade can expect to derive from the permission recently accorded to vessels of all nations to proceed by the above-named great rivers to the centre of South America is very obvious, but, at the same time very likely to b e muc h exaggerated or misrepresented. It ap pears to me necessary, firstly, to show how trade was car ried on with these interior countries before, and then to consider what change will take place from those recent acts of the Argentine and Paraguayan Governments. " All goods from Great Britain destined for the Argen tine Confederation, the Republic of Paraguay, and even the southern part of Brazil, were formerly sent to Montevideo or Buenos Ayres, and appear in the English returns of the Board of Trade under the head of ' Shipments to the River Plate ;' thence they were reshipped into smaller vessels, earrying the Argentine colours, but manned in general by French or Italian seamen, and thence ascended the rivers to where they were destined, bringing back country pro duce in return, which was again reshipped into larger ves sels destined to Europe, at the ports of either Montevideo or Buenos Ayres. I speak of when these countries en joyed internal peace. A civil war, of course, interrupted these communications. "I have m a d e p ar ti cu l ar i nqu i r i es of the merchants if there w ere any complaints or illegitimate interruptions of trade under this system, and the answer has been inva riably 'No.' These river craft and crows were quite good enough for the purpose ; British merchants could own them, and therefore appoint their own men. " Freights were very moderate, and the towns in the interior fully supplied with all the manufactures they re quired. " Ascin`sion, a city 800 miles in the interior, is at the present moment glutted with British goods. The value of the importations for 1852 (a year of over-supply) was sup posed to be about 80,0001. ; the average annual wants of the people estimated at 60,0001. All the other cities in the interior consumed a full proportion of British goods ; and we know from official sources that, while in 1851 100,000 tons of shipping was sufficient to convey the whole of the productions of Europe to Buenos Ayres, no less than 2,000 vessels, o f an average o f 36 tons each, or an aggregate of 72,000 tons, were employed from Buenos Ayres on the river coasting trade—an amount which can be seen at a glance to be amply sufficient to carry the pro portion of foreign manufactures which the interior pro vinces required, as well as to meet the requirements of their own internal trade. " In the month of August, 1852, General Urquiza, the Provisional Director, opened the navigation of the rivers Parana and Uruguay to vessels of all nations, and, although the country has undergone revolutions since, the decree remains unchanged. " A general impression seems to have taken place in England, arising from an ignorance of the actual existing state of the trade, that an immediate and rapid expan sion of trade would take place, and that Central South America, long excluded from British manufactures, would become a new and large purchaser. But this paper shows such expectations are entirely fallacious, for the country prior to that was glutted with British manufactures. "The necessity which, however, politically existed (poli tically, because foreign flags could not ascend the rivers) of changing cargoes from British vessels into Argentine, en tailed, of course, loss of time, additional charges of freight, additional port dues and insurance, tending, therefore, to make the goods dearer, and therefore in some degree to restrict their sale. This political necessity is by General Urquiza's decree removed ; but it remains for us to ascer tain whether practically, from the shallowness of the water and from the general difficulty of making large ships ascend the rivers, it will not answer better for the mer chant to reship his cargoes into river craft, just in the same manner as before, rather than send his sea-built ves sels up a long and tedious river navigation. To enter upon this question it is necessary to take a map of the Parana, and trace the river upwards ; and I will give the particu lars required, as to the depth of water, current, prevailing winds, and so forth, taken fro m ac t ua l o b serva ti on , ascend ing and descending the river, corrected by charts, conver sations with naval officers and pilots, and the general opinion of merchants and others who understand the subject. " At the entrance of the rivers Parana and Uruguay is the island of Martin Garcia, and here we enter what is called the Martin Garcia Channel. "A long and wide expanse of shoal water, not unlike the Nore, is here. The channel you have to find has from 14 feet to 16 feet of water, and is difficult t o li g ht upon from want of buoying, but if buoyed would be easy enough • but vessels drawing m ore th an 14 f eet water are in general ' excluded from entering the Parana or the Uruguay. " This difficult passage passed, there is no impediment whatever to the navigation of the Parana for 150 miles. The Channel is very deep, and easy to find. Ships can sail up in clear nights, and if they get ashore it is their own fault : 150 miles brings them to the city of Rosario, the most important spot on the Parana. " It is the most important, because it is the most western, and therefore nearest the markets of Western South America; the anchorage is excellent, ships can lie close to the shore, and discharge and load with ease, and, as I mentioned before that ships drawing 14 feet water can get there at all seasons of the year, there can bo no doubt that a direct trade with Europe can bo established for a large class of brigs or corvettes, and with advantage, from Rosario. "Ascending the river higher, we find the Parana, like all rivers flowing from the tropics, has a high and low season. Six months in the year (from December to June) the river may be considered high, and six months low ; where the river is wide, 3 feet may be the rise ; where narrow, 8 ; taking the whole, perhaps an average of 4 will. be near the mark. Of course, larger s h ips can ascend in the high season than in the low ; but one po i nt is clear to me, that, taking into consideration the un cer t a i n t y of sea voyages from countries so distant as Europe , andwhen the vessel has arrived up these rivers the uncertainty of getting immediate return freight, no direct trade can be established between these countries and Europe unless carried on in vessels which can ascend and descend the rivers at all times in the year, because, if any accident occurs to a ship which cannot descend in the low season, it involves a detention of six months up the countiy, which is a risk which no mer chant will run when he can avoid it by getting his goods up in small vessels certain of being able to ascend and de scend at all seasons. " Therefore, my narrative will consider the river at the low season - only. " Leaving Rosario, 00 miles brings us to the towns of Santa Fe and Bajada, but there aro three or four shallows in the way, which "prevent vessels draw ng more than 10 feet of water arriving here at all seasons of the year. "Leaving Bajada, 160 miles fir...her up, we arrive at a very bad shallow, called ' The Pass of San J11,13' Here vessels of more thin feet water vre stopped in the dry season. " 180 miles further up we come to Corrientes, the most rising place after Rosario, on the Parana. " The trade of three great rivers, the Parana, Paraguay, and Vermejo, meets here. 200 miles further up, or 150 as the crow flies (for here the river winds very much), brings us to the city of Ascension in Paraguay. " Further than that I have not been, and the rivers at present are not opened beyond to other than Paraguayan vessels ; but the river is said to be naNlo•able 800 miles above Ascension, but to w h a t c l ass of vessel's, and, if at all seasons of the year, I have no personal knowledge, and it is very difficult to arrive at the truth through other per sons reports. "The distance of Ascension from the Martin Garcia Channel is 800 miles as the river winds, or 700 following the general course of the stream, but not the particular bends. " The Pass of San Juan is the pass which stops the whole of the upper rivers. Vessels drawing more than 7i feet water cannot pass that in the dry season ; but over that barrier they can get to Ascension, and certainly a great distance beyond at all seasons of the year. " The depth of water which I have given must, I think, satisfy you that Rosario is the only town which can hope for a direct trade to England, and that all the remainder of the interior of South America must still be content to remain purchasers at Buenos Ayres or Montevideo ; and although vessels drawing 11i feet of water in particular seasons of the year c a n even get as high as Ascension, y e t I will mention ono fact which I saw, which practical3y shows that even then these large vessels cannot compete in these rivers against the existing river craft. "Our steamer drew 10 feet water. We had sent up be- (X ,,,.....___„ . „...,, a , , ~(4 0„ .„,„, fore us three sma / craitZ wit c coal . supply ne. Prot far from the Pass of San Juan one evening near sun-down we overtook one sailing. The sun ee ,t ;we anchored, be cause, drawing 10 feet water, we we re afraid of getting ashore. Our collier ran by us, and s •an on all night, be cause, drawing six feet water, she was quite secure. Next morning we weighed, and, steaming o n, overtook her in a few hours ; but we found that, dravei) eg 10 feet water, we were compelled to keep in the deepest channel, exposed to . the fall force of the current, and fo II owing all its bends - from bank to bank, while our collie r, drawing six feet, kept out of the current and kept a Ear eight course along the shore. Now, if we had both be ca sailing-vessels, in 24 hours she would have run full datable the distance. Again, supposing two merchant vessels, one of 400 tons, the other of 40 t ons , go t aground, whit , :h is very common on the rivers—what occurs ? Why the , 100-ton vessel takes a fortnight to unload and lighten. The ) 40-ton vessel takes 24 hours, and is off again. "Therefore, in my opinion, even if! large ships could always ascend, they would not find it r .nswer, because they would always be beaten in competitio n by the river craft. The average of these vessels is from 36 tons to 50 tons. " I come, therefore, generally, to tb te conclusion that, as far as sailing vessels aro concerned, the opening of the Parana will benefit us very little, but that the trade, with the ex cep ti on, perhaps, of Rosario, still continue to be transhipped at Buenos Ayres or Monte Video, and sent up in river craft as before ; and, in proof -of the correctness of this opinion, I may mention that 'eight months have elapsed since the Parana was opened, and that I have not heard of one of our vessels ascending it, nor seen our flag on the river. " I have never ascended the river Uruguay, and cannot, therefore, speak from personal observation ; but from what I have heard I think I can give a gen oral good idea of the capabilities of this river. " The entrance is through the Martin Garcia Channel, therefore the river, as a general rule, i is closed to all vessels drawing more than 14 feet water. "In the navigation the same difflci cities of shoal water are encountered. The navigation extends to 31 deg. 23 min. south latitude, where a ridge of mocks across the river impedes it. "The whole navigable distance is about 250 miles. I cannot say where vessels of 12 feet, 10 feet, and 8 feet draught are successively stopped, but the river in general has the same characteristics as the Parana, and gives ves sels of small draught a very considerable advantage over vessels built for sea voyages "I now turn to the remaining consideration, whether river steamers under our our flag or the flag of any other nation can compete successfully, and ion any degree super sede the river craft at present employed. And here again we have to consider the character of tl Jesse rivers. " The former part of this memorandum referred chiefly to the depth of water, but I now enter upon the principal— impediments to sailingevessels—namell-namely the strength of the ahem and prevailing winds. " The current down these rivers varies, according to the IMAM of the year, from about 2 to 4 miles an hour. Hence sailing-vessels cannot ascend, unless they have not only favourable winds, but winds of such strength as to impel them above 2 or 4 miles an hour. " The Parana appears to form a natural channel for the winds—for they almost always blow either directly up or directly down. Meteorological observation at Buenos Ayres in the year 1822 gives about two days northerly wind to one day south the whole year round, or, to ships ascending the river, two days' foul wind to one fair. " The passage from Buenos Ayres to Ascension, a dis tance of upwards of 800 miles, is therefore very tedious The average time is 70 days, or about 12 miles a-day. It takes longer to get to Ascension from Buenos Ayres than to England. " Now, see what has been clone by steam. An American merchant steamer, a slow boat, drawing 8 feet water, reached Ascension in eight days, and returned to Buenos Ayres in eight days. But vessels built on the plan of the Mississippi boats, drawing 5 feet water, could, in my opinion, reach Ascension in eight days, and return in five. " Wood for fuel in the upper part of the river is abun dant, and of excellent quality. It could be floated down in rafts to form depots where required, and saw-mills erected, worked by the force of the current, to cut it to convenient lengths. " Reports say that two more American steamers are coming out for this trade. " To conclude, the -markets in the interior are over stocked already with British goods. No further increase of any importance can be expected. The rivers of such a character that, as a general rule, it will not answer for sea going ships to ascend them, but they are eminently adapted to steam. But this business will, in all probability, get into the hands of the Americans, partly because they have much more experience in steam river navigation than we have, and party because they have always as supply of boats unequal to the competition on their own rivers, which they will be glad to employ out here It is immaterial to us what nation gets the transit trade as long as they will carry our merchandise cheaply and safely into the interior. A saving of time to us is a saving of money. " But sea-going ships from Europe will still have to un load and transfer their cargoes to steamers or river craft, and the port where this important change should take place is Montevideo. " I annex a statement of the vast interior navigation of these countries: "RIO LA PLATA. " From Monte Vid eo to DE Martin Gar c i a Ch anne l , 10 0 ilex. miles; open to vessels drawing 16 to 18 feet ... 100 " Rio PARANA. " From Martin Garcia Channel to Corrientes, 540 miles ; open to vess e l s d r a w i ng f rom 14 to 74fect ; becoming generally shallower as you ascend ... 540 " From.Corrientes to Candelaria, 150 miles ; open to vessels drawing from 7i feet to feet, uncertain ; rapids at Candelaria ... . ... 15 " RIO PARAQUAI ) . I. 111• • " From, Corrientes to Ascension, 200 miles open to vessels drawing 7 feet water ••• 201 rom Ascencion to Cuyaba and Matto Grosso, in Brazil, 800 miles; no personal knowledge ;^believcd to bo opened to vessels drawing from' 73 feet to 2 feet water, according to the season of the year, &c. BCO " RIO VERMEJO. From junction with Paraguay to latitude 23 S. 500 miles ; no personal knowledg e ; f rom 7i feet of water to 21 feet, according to the season of the year, & . .e. ..• •• • ... 500 " Rio URUGUAY. " From Martin Garcia Channel to 31Q 23 S. lat., 250 miles; from vessels drawing 14 feet to probably vessels drawing 5 or 6 feet 250 ... 2,540 " A. T. HOTIIAM, " Captain 75th Itegt." " Fl " General total " Buenos Ayres, April 26. .ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. At the meeting of this society on Saturday, the 2d nstant—Lord Ashburton, president, in the chair— The SECRETARY read a paper, by E. C. Ravenshaw, Esq., on the winged bulls, lions, and other symbolical figures from Nineveh. The mysterious figures from Nineveh, which have been lately arranged in the new hall of the British Museum, have excited much curiosity as to their meaning. A cursory examination is sufficient to satisfy the observer that they are not mere architectu ral ornaments, but symbols of certain mysteries and cere monies of the primeval religion of Assyria. The era of these sculptures is so remote r and the traditions respecting them so obscure, that the inquiry into their signification must be difficult, and the conclusions arrived at unsatisfactory; still it is desirable that some attempt should be made to penetrate the mystery which surrounds them, and to in vite the attention of the learned to the investigation. The chief mythological figures are the winged bull with a man's face, the winged lion with a man's face, the winged man with a fir cone in one hand and a square basket or vessel in the other, and a man with the head and wings of an eagle or hawk. The hypothesis which the writer maintains with respect to them is, that they are, as already surmised by Mr. Layard, the originals of the cherubim of Ezekiel ; that they were likewise the origi nals of the apocalyptic beasts of St. John ; and that, slightly modified, they were afterwards adopted, and are now used, as the symbols of the Four Evangelists. Further, that they were originally i nvente d b y the Magi and Chaldeans as astronomical symbols of the equinoc tial and solstitial points ; that they represent in fact the four seasons—spring, summer, autumn, and winter ; and perhaps also the four winds and the four elements. In support and illustration of these views, the writer enters into an examination of the passages in the Old Testament and in other writings, regarding the cherubim, showing that there is no authority in Scripture for sup posing them to be bodiless infants, and comes to the con clusion that the face of a cherub was in reality the face of a bull. At an early period of the Christian Church these winged animals were adopted as the symbols of the Four Evangelists. The winged lion was assigned to St. Mark, as the symbol of strength ; the winged ox to St. Luke, as the symbol of sacrifice ; the eagle and chalice to St. John, as the symbol of contemplation; and the winged man with a cup and hatchet to St. Matthew, as the symbol of power. The employment of these figures as astronomical symbols formed the next branch of in quiry, and the conclusions were that the colossal bulls are symbols of the sun in Taurus, or the vernal equinox; that the winged man is Mitra or Serosh, the guardian of the autumnal equinox ; and the winged man-lion and the eagle-headed man the symbols of the solstices, being the four cherubim who watched the gates of Heaven, and upheld the zodiac. As regardsthe other mythological figures it is probable that the man with a goat in his arms repre sents the constellation Capricorn, and the newly-discovered fish-god, that of Pisces. All the names of the gods found in the Nineveh inscriptions will probably, on further in quiry, prove to be the names of constellations, stars, or planets, chosen as the guardian angels of nations, kings, or individuals. The mystic tree, which forms so con spicuous an object in the sculptures, has evidently some astronomical signification. The number of its rosettes or leaves vary considerably, but never exceed 30; and the winged circle, or the new moon and some stars, are gene rally seen above it. Hence it seems probable that these trees were orreries showing the month, day, or season, which is being celebrated by the winged figures or priests who are represented in connection with them. The winged circles or eyes, which are frequently placed above the sacred tree, and seem to form the principal object of adoration, so closely resemble the Winged globes on the portals of the Egyptian temples, that it is difficult to disbelieve the identity of their origin. At first they were probably typical of time, but came afterwards to be looked upon as the symbols of Ormazd, the active creator and source of all good. These speculations may appear more curious than profitable ; still it cannot be uninteresting to inquire what were the ideas of men 3,000 years, when the earth was comparatively young ; to learn what mere the traditions or Asia as to the origin and destiny of the human race, and what notions were then entertained as to the Creator and Governor of the universe. This was the last meeting of the session, AUSTRALIAN NABol3B.—Among the passengers who came home in the Indus, which landed the Indian mail at Southampton on T . uesday,, were 19 A u S tral i an €Mgraiits, most of whom were from Melbourne. They wore white calico hats, and their hale, hearty, and John Bull appearance formed a striking contrast to that of the Indian passengers. The salubrity of the climate from which they had come was manifested throughout the voyage in the range and power of their organs of di gestion. They had all made rapid and large fortunes. 5v0.,'402 Pages. THE LANDLORD'S 'a,nd TENANT'S GUIDE, By MR. ALFRED COX, is a handsome octavo volume, on procuring and disposing of Houses, Estates, Church Property, Goodwills, Cadetships, Scc., and contains gazetteer, map, diagrams and tables. To be had only direct from the Author ; remitted post free, on re ceipt of the price (Ten Shillings) by post-office order or in postage stamps. WORKS ON EDUCATION • PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS. A SCHOOL ATLAS OF CLASS CAL GEOGRAPHY, Comprising, in Twenty Plates, Maps, and Plans of all the portant Coustries and Localities referred to by Classical , con structed from the best materials, and embodying the of the • . I t • N% -.140"?`,