The Sun. — London, England, 1832-11-27 00:00:00

Candidates for their attendance, and were satisfied with their ansa ere. Thanks were voted to the Chairman, and the meeting broke up at a very late hour. S 0 UTEIWARK—kR. BR 0 U HA M. Ye‘terday evening, a very numerous meeting of Air. Brougbarn's friends was held in the Riding school, Black friar's-road. Mr. Gmatmat in the chair. The CHAIRMAN opened the business of the meeting by saying that they were assembled to promote the return of Mr. Brougham, who, from his devoted zeal in, and his services to, the interests and liberties of the people, was eminently entitled to a continuance of the support of the electors of Southwark.—(Bear, bear.) Mr. COTTRELL proposed the first resolution, to the eiT.ct, that Mr. Brougham having redeemed all the pkdets made by him in favour of Reform, and supported every measure connected with the liberties of the people, the meeting feel satisfied that he will, if returned, advocate every possible retrenchment in Church and State. This was semi& d. Before the resolution was put, Mr. BROUGHAM was called on to express his opinions. He first observed, that it was reported that he compared Mr. Allen ) as a R-- former, to Sir C. Wetherell. He denied having ever ut tried such a sentiment. As Mr. Allen was a candidate for the suffrages of the electors, he should consider it 9 most unfair and reprehensible interference with the choice of the electors to give any opinie n. When Mr. Allen first offered himself as a candidate, he did not know whe ther he was as good a Reformer as himself, or as bad a one as Sir C. Wetherell. He knew nothing of his political sentiments, but having since read his speeches and address, he now thought him a Reformer.— (No, no.) He at least hoped so. When he (Mr. Brougham) first pre sented himself before the electors, be had nothing to re commend him but his name, and that was considered much, for they thought it was one identified with the support of the rights and liberties of the people. He trustod he had not forfeited the confidence reposed in him. —(Cries of " No, no.") The Learned Gentleman then, with great earnestness of manner, and in a slow and mea sured tone, spoke to the following effect :—There is a sub ject to which at present so much importance appears, in some quarters at least, to attach, that I am anxious to explain t'listinctly my views regarding it, as indeed I have always done when I have lately had the pleasure of ad drrssing my constituents,—l allude to the subject of re quiring pledges from a candidate. Gentlemen, I hold, and always have held, that the system of pledging is utterly indefensible. It is degrading no less to the can didate than to the constituent: it is debasing to' the con- . stituent, because, on requiring and receiving the pledge, he undertakes to support a candidate whose honesty he sus pects : it is degrading to the candidate, because, by giving it he admits, if an untried man, that private worth is no guarantee of public virtue ;• if a tried man, that is past shall be no test of his future conduct. A candidate is se lected either from the knowledge his electors have of his private life, or from the experience they have had of his public conduct. The knowledge of the one and the experience of the other are the only pledges that ought to be required. If you ask tne to pledge myself upon particular questions, you doubt my integrity, —you distrust my judgment,—you im pair my usefulness. You doubt my integrity, because, knowing what I have been, you discredit me in future. You distrust my judgment, because you deprive me of my free egency, and send me into Parliament a mere puppet. You impair my usefulness, because you take from me the power t:f deliberation ; for who can pretend to discuss the merits of a question when he goes to the discussion pledged and bound to vote in one way only? " You dis cuss ! you argue !" it would be said, "why you have already decided ; you are a mere tool delegated by others to elyit m or deny, tight or wrong, convinced or uncon vinced, you have no choice, you must put your own judg snent in your pocket, and vote as you have been ordered !" Is it possible fir the slavery, the helplessness of the most perfect nominee of a borougbmonger to exceed this ? And who are they who require the pledges? Is every possible question so sifted, ao discussed, so thoroughly understood in all its hearings, by the demanders of pledges, as to ren der unnecessae y all further discussion ? If so, in God's Lame, put an end to the House of Commons; save us from the late hours, so hurtful to the health ; from the lengthy harangues, so trying to the patience ; from the ex penditure of money, so inconvenient to the pocket ; wl ich are now entailed upon the aspirants to Parliamentary ho nours. Go back to the olden times. Let the united constituencies of England assemble on Salisbury-plain, there to decide with that calmness, that judgment, that admirable facility for deliberation which their numbers will afield, all questions of foreign and domestic policy ; tl is at least will save us from the absurdity of a House of Commons composed of mere puppets. I should say dim truq the man who hesitates not to pledge himself to every thing ; distrust the man who, in his anxiety to obtain a seat in Parliament, is ready to say that he has so fully made up his mind upon every question you propose to as to be able to pledge his vote. Can you believe such a man ? Can you believe any man who shall say, " I have so well considered all the great questions likely to be discussed, I am so prepared to vote upon them, that no arguments—no new facts—no change of circum stances can alter my opinions ?" No, no. Learn, if you please, the opinions of your candidates, but if you • think them trustworthy, fetter them not with pledges; leave them the free exercise of their judgment to act upon those opinions according to time and circumstances. (During the delivery of this part of his address the Learned Gentleman was frequently interrupted with mingled disapprobation and applause.) He then ob served, that he would vote for the repeal of the Septen nial Act. —(Cheers.) He considered the duration of Parliaments quite too long. He would also advocate Church reform, because he was a friend to the Protestant religion. He would have no pluralities; every clergyman should reside on his living, and he would not allow a cu rate to starve with a large family on 401. a year, while a Dean of Durham bad 9,000/.—(Cheers.) He would have no political Bishops. He would make them reside ea their sees, and confine themselves to their proper sphere. He begged it to be understood that these were his own private opinions. What might be the views of Government he really did not know. There was an apprehension abroad that undue influence might be used in the election of Members for the next Parliament.— (Hear, hear.) lf any unfair and unconstitutional control were exercised, either by the aristocracy or the democracy, to impede a voter from giving hi, suffrage according to his conscience, he (Mr. Brougham) would use his utmost exertion to protect the voter—(Hear, hear)—and, much as he disliked the ballot—highly objectionable as he thought the system of putting balls in a box--(lmmense uproar)—he (Mr. Brougham) would ask those gentlemen who interrupted him, how did they think he meant to conclude the sentence?—(Hear.) Well, then, he would adopt the ballot as the only safe-guard against oppression. —(Great cheers.) When the Marquis of Chandos carried his motion for extending the franchise to tenants-at-will, he declared that the ballot was then eventually carried. As to the corn laws, his opinion was, that the total aboli tion of protecting duties would be gross injustice and utt, r ruin to the farmer.—(Loud murmurs.) If one trade was free, why should not every other be so ? The farming interest was entitled to the same protection as every other manufacturing interest.—(Hear.) The abolition of slavery he was always averse to, and would vote for it when he found that it would not be attended with bloodshed and revolution.—(Bear, Lear.) He would prefer a moderate property-tax to the taxes on knowledge, and to the assessed taxes.—(Hear, hear, hear.) Military and naval flogging and itupressment he thought a great outrage, and they should be done away with.—(Cheers.) Although he considered the new police, as a body, a great iniprovetrent—(Great disapprobation)—surely it was most unfair and at:surd to interrupt Lim—he was no advocate for the police. He was not Colonel Rowan or Mr. Mayne.—(Cheers.) lie meant to say, that though it was an improvement it was purchased in many instances too dearly ; and he would gladly vote for a reduction of the police expenditure.—(Cheers.) If the electors sent him again to Parliament, he assured them lie would do his duty. He should be found ever at his post to promote the interests of the people generally, and the interest of Southwark in partidular. The Learned Gentleman con cluded amidst considerable applause, mingled with a few his.es. Mr. Wan, jun., having repeatedly interrupted Mr. Brougham during his address, then addressed the meeting with g reat vehemence, and in a peculiar tone and accent, which produced immense laughter and confusion for a considerable time, on a variety of subjects, en which he did not think Mr. Brougham went far enough. Several other persons (one in a smockfrock) spoke at great length, amidst unutterable confusion and uproar. An ELECTOR then proceeded to take Mr. Brougham to task for his votes .on the grants to the Queen and the Princess Victoria and the Russian-Dutch loan. Mr. Baor;GHAM said, that as to the grants to the Queen and Princess of Victoria, he would answer, that when that question was under discussion be was not in the House of Commons at all—(lmmense cheering and laughter)—and with respect to the other, be gave his vote to defeat the Tories, who wished to make that question a handle for turning out the Ministers, and thus robbing the people for ever of the Reform Bill.—(Cheers and disap probation.) The scene was altogether such an one as we time seldom witnessed, even in the most tumultuous as. sembly. Mr. rougham at the commencement of a sen once was often recesvtd with coleys of groans, and at the conclusion of it with peals of applause. The original resolution, after great vehemence on the p ►rt of a few individuals, was carried. A second resolu ion, to the effect, that he should be returned free of ex pense, was put. To this there was an amendment, that he should first give a long string of pledges. A long and 'orbulent discussion arose on this; in the deafening din , re understood the Chairman to say that the resolution w as carried. The supporters of the amendment, how ever, contended that the amendment was - carried. ST. MARGARET AND ST. JOHN. Yesterday evening, a meeting of the electors of the pa rishes of St. Margaret and St. John, was held in Miller's Ivery- stables, in the Horseferry-road, being the largest ;dace of meeting that could be procured. The meeting vas very numerous and respectable. Colonel EvANs, on entering with his friends, was loudly cheered. Mr. ARBER was unanimously called to the chair, and stated the object of the meeting to he to promote the elec. Tion of Colonel Evans as one of their representatives, in s'ead of Sir John Cam Hobhouse, who bad shown him- S e lf a different man in office from what he was out of , ffice.—(Hear, bear.) Westminster had laid the foun dation on which the superstructure of Reform was built, end they should not send representatives to Parliament who would not promise to give them the full benefit of that Reform they had mainly contributed to gain.— (Hear, hear, bear.) Wht n Colonel Evans proposed to reduce the standing army ten thousand men, Sir John Cam Hohhonse, who, out of office, had always exclaimed against standing armies, opposed the motion.—(Hear.) How often had their hearts leaped with exultation at Sir John Hobltouse's speeches against the degrading practice of flogging in the army, yet when he became Secretary of War, be voted against a motion for the abolition of flogging, and contented himself with changing the num ber of lashes from 500 to 300.—(Hear.) The repeal of the house and window tax was the bobby on which he rode through Westminster, and now be refused tnpro inise to support it.—(Hear, hear ) Had he done so when '‘e proposed himself for their representative, would they have e!ected hint ?—(No, no.) He Loped they werenow ,!onvinced that Sir John Hobhouse was not a fit repre sentative for Westminster. —(Hear, hear.) Col. Evans's principles were similar to their own ; they had already re ceived the approbation of a large meeting of e'ectors at the Crown and Anchor, and he was confident would receive theirs.—(Great applause.) Mr. McKie said he had'a resolution to propose, which he hoped would meet their approbation, as it was to sup port a candidwe worthy of Westminster.—(Hear, hear.) The electors of Westminster did not ask Sir F. Burdett for a pledge because he was always an honest man, though not a working man , but Sir John Hobbouse had placed himself in a different situation.—(Hear.) In 1819 he said to the electors of Westminster, above all things demand pledges ; he is not an honest man that will not pledge himself. He is now asked to pledge himself, and refuses.—(Hear, hear.) In 1822 he moved for a repeal of the house and window tax. He is now asked, not to move for the repeal, but whether, if it were moved by another he would support it, and he says, " I cannot pro mise." Was that a representative for Westminster ? (No, no.) Sir John Hobbouse was a changed man since he joined the Ministry. Colonel Evans was a man that w . ould not tell himself to any Ministry.—(Hear, hear.) He moved a resolution pledging the meeting to support Colonel Evans's election for 'Westminster. Colonel EvANs rose, and was received with long-con tinued cheers. He said he did not appear before them for the mere purpose of obtaining a seat in Parliament, for that he could have received in other places ; but he was anxious to represent the great city of Westminster, be cause it would give greater effect to his efforts in favour of the liberty of the people.—(Hear, hear.) Sir J. Hob house bad only been asked by his constituents whether he - - - had V changed his views on points on which he had re peatedly Pledged himself, and this question he refused to answer.—(Hear, hear.) He (Colonel Evans) did not ap pear before them to make an oration, but to answer any questions that might be put to him. —(Hear, hear ) He had, at a meeting at the Crown and Anchor, stated his principles very fully, and the consequence wa., that Sir John Hobbouse's supporters now say that he would pro. mise every thing; but he had not promised en much as Sir John Hobbouse, though certainly he should not shrink from the performance.—(Hear, hear.) Colonel Evans proceeded to give a statement of the principal measures he should support in Parliament. He should support a Bill for shortening the duration of Parliaments, which was now more necessary than ever, because the Parliament would now be so powerful that it would both make the laws and appoint the executive Government, instead of the great aristocratic families, which formerly did both.— (Hear, hear.) On the subject of the ballot Sir John Hobbouse used to he elyquent, but now he refuses to make any promise. —(Hear, hear.) Lord Althorp, indeed, and Lord John Russell, had said, that if the present prac tices of terrifying electors were continued they would sup port the vote by ballot—that meant, if they lost their electicn.—( A laugh.) He should support the vote by ballot as necessary to the freedom of election, and the security of the electors.—(Hear, hear.) Sir John Hob house refused to pledge himself to the repeal of the house and window 'tax. . An ELECTOR—He says that Government can't do with. out them. . . . Colonel EvaNs—Then I suppose yon can do without him.—(Great applause.) The taxes on knowledge must be repealed either by Ministers or without them.—(Long continued cheering.) He might be permitted to say something of Church Reform.—(Great applause and laughter.) They could do without Bishops in Parliament, and tithes must be abolished ; the wonder was that they were allowed to continue so long.—(lmmense applause.) He should vote against all monopolies, by which tea and sugar were doubled in price.—(Hear, bear.) When be heard Sir John Hohbouse oppose the reduction of the army, and say that he and Mr. Hutne were as wide as the poles asunder, he thought that he was drawing near his doom in Westminster.—(Hear, hear.) Sir Francis Bur dett appeared to say that he would not represent West minster unless he were allowed to appoint his colleague. This reminded him of the 111 , of Algiers, who, when he played at cards with his courtiers, always insisted on naming the trump card.—(Great applause and laughter.) If he should be returned by the electors of Westminster, I every exertion of which he was capable, mental and phy sical, should be devoted to the service of the people.— (Long.continued applause.) Mr. BUTT seconded the resolution, which was carried by acclamation ; not a single hand was held up against it. A Committee was then appointed for promoting Colonel Evans's election. Thanks were voted to the Chairman; and after giving three hearty cheers for Colonel Evans, the meeting separated. SIR F. B URDETT and COL. E VANS. SIR FRANCIS BURDETT'S SECOND LETTER. At a meeting of the Central Committee for conducting the re-election of Sir Francis Bolden and Sir John Hob house, the following copy of Sir F. Burdett's second letter to Colonel Evans was read : " Dear Evans,—l take the earliest opportunity, on arriving at Brighton, to acknowledge the receipt of your last letter, which appears to me to be founded on a com plete misapprehension, and owing thereto to a comple'e misstatement of all the circumstances and all the feelings connected with this case. You complain of want of courtesy towards you ; in what respect, however, you do not point out, and I can only say, that on my part it was never intended. You do, however, specify the last pas sage of my letter as ' not marked by much courtesy, but that, in consideration of your regard to me, you only per mit yourself to complain.' Believe me, this would be felt much by me if I thought there was any cause for the oh servation, except misapprehension, in the same manner as ynu suppose I make the representation of Westminster a matter of personal feeling ;' this last observation re lieves me much from the pain the first might occasion, as both are equally without any just foundation. Give me leave to ask where is the want of courtesy in my stating that I would rather be turned out of Westminster with Holidouse, than returned to Parliament with any one else? In this there is nothing personal or of private feel ing ; it is entirely on public grounds, and were you the best friend I had in the world, I should say the same. To the best of my recollection, there is not a single sentence, or even a word, in my letter, having reference to any con sideration except of a public nature. " There is no question either between us as to the 'disinterestedness 'and puldic spirit of those who, you in form me, have ' d ur i ng some months sought you as a can didate.' Th ese wor d s , 'd ur i ng so m e months,' are very important ; they give rise to new ideas and thoughts; they seem to prov e , as Oth e ll o sa y s , a foregone con clusion.. May I ask whether these persons who had been soliciting you for many months, whether they were the same persons who went to Hobhouse for pledges? If so, was not that a poor contrivance? Or is it not now, to use a significant phras e , th e ' cat out o f the bag ?' And is this, supposing the case to be so, can did dealing, or conduct such as the electors of Westmin ster have hitherto observed on similar occasions? I think not, and, if it is to be in future adopted, nn doubt it is high time to look out for new persons to repre , ent them. " You then object to my making use of the words, as applied to you, of acquiescing in a plan to turn Hobhouse out of Westminster : you say you see no propriety in the term. I must confess I see no propriety in the act; but am totally at a loss to find the impropriety of the term. You are pleased to suppose me to ask you Who the per sons were who persuaded yeu to come forward ?' lam net aware of having asked any such question ; you, how ever, suppose so ; then comes the answer, ' Those,' you say, ' who persuaded me and Hobhouse, to whom we are so largely indebted for success.' It was hardly worth while to suppose the question for the sake of the answer, for, though smart, it is not correct. The fact, as all the world knows is, that I was elected without knowing anything of the matter myself. I was confined to my bed owing to the unfortunate affair with Mr. Paul, Mr. Cline forbidding every one, excepting the necessary attendants, entering my room. As to Hob house, he cannot be said to have undergone any pro cess of persuasion. He stood forward on pubic grounds and public principles. He has never quitted the one, or abandoned the other. He stands so still intact; for as to the objection started of his being in office, it is too childish to deserve notice; besides which, it has already been dis posed of by the electors of Westminster themselves. It is easy,' says the proverb, ' to find a stick to beat a dog;' hut it is not so easy to find a valid reason for opposing an honest man. I hope it is not necessary for me here to say I am not drawing comparisons, or speaking, as you call it, in contrast with Mr. Hobhouse. To disclaim such an intention would be too humiliating to us both, and I can only express my surprise that you should have entertained such a thought before. I am fully aware of your great merits as well as his, and have pleasure in acknowledging them ; hut, with reference to the present case—the matter in hand—l cannot entertain any doubt, if they were to he weighed, whose scale would kick the beam. The ques tion now is, not which is the best man, but what is the best conduct, the most becoming, and the most useful, in a public point of view, for the people of Westminster to follow? It is the character of the e'ectors of Westminster ar.d of the people, by one of the best specimens that is wing to be tried at the ensuing election, whether popular support and opinion shall be raised or sunk in the estimate of wise men, whether the reproach of inconstancy and levity in the people, so often with effect cast upon them by the ene mies of popular rights, shall be he confuted in this instance or confirmed. This is the stake now about tube played for, and it is on this account, and on this account chiefly, if not solely, that I feel so deep an interest in the game. This west question, therefore, will be tried, I trust, on its true grounds, that all personal preferences or dislikes will be lost sight of, and the result be such as will uphold in the eyes of the country the high character, sound principles, sound judgment, and steadiness of conduct which the electors of Westminster have so long sustained. " I cannot conclode without assuring you that the grief and sorrow I before expressed is real, and not mere words; I cannot but feel how uncomfortable this inter ruption is, thus given to an intimacy I so much valued, nor can I part with it without a pang. " I remain yours sincerely, " Brighton, Nov. 23. " F. BURDETT." COLONEL EVANS'S ANSWER. Waterloo•place, 26th Nov., 1832. " My Dear Sir Francis,—l am glad to find, by your letter this day published in the Times, that you intended me no personal discourtesy. That mistake was, I believe, entertained as well by the public as myself. The forbear ance I had to exercise was greater than you seem to have been aware of, for your. Chairman, in delivering your first letter, gave me an interpretation of your meaning, which, if credited, could hardly have borne the mild epithet of dis courtesy. " Encouraged, perhaps, by the restraint I put upon my ferlings, yair Committee followed it up by passing a resolution, aspersing in the strongest manner, and without a shadow of foundation, my public and private character. I thought it then beneath me to notice, and I now think it beneath you to permit this conduct on the part of your supporters. " I regret that this explanation was accompanied by reiteriaion of an expression which has given rise to the unpleasant notion among the electors of Westminster, that you would rather not represent them, unless with a colleague of your own choice. " Had you not been absent from London, you would, I think, have learned that the electors are at issue with you on this point, as they believe themselves qualified to judge, and claim to be allowed to vote for whom they please. Your remark hum Othello, " of a foregone conclusion" is, 1 beg to assure you, entirely imaginary. " You speak ofthe " levity" attributed to popular bodies, and seem to indicate that it is not your colleague (he hav ing changed his relative position), but the distinguished constituency of this city (although they have not changed at all) that now are to be put on their trial ! This seems to me reversing the order of things. Fur my own part, re collecting in your instance, the conspicuous proof they have given of their constancy, for more than a quarter of a century, I conclude they will do now as they always have done, nobly for their country. " You appear to me to mistake the position in which we are placed. Westminster has not, for a considerable time past, been, as far as I can learn, in a state either sa tisfactory to itself or to the country, whose eyes are fre quently directed towards this on several accounts. The most important borough constituency men, such as West minster has always possessed, have again come forward, resolved that, in ttie great and salutary changes which oughtl to be, 'and must be effected, they will have a re presentative who, on all proper occasions, will sedu lously attend to their business, instead of that of any Administration; one who, on some leading matters, will pledge his service to them and his country, in preference to any Government, let who may compose it. This your colleague has refused to do. The electors of Westminster, thinking WITH YOU— " That candidates and their supporters, representa tives and their constituents, should come to a cle,•ir understanding. " That no mystery ought to hang over their intercourse. " That every one should be ready to give a reason for his faith, and to answer any questions that may be thought necessary for the satisfitction of his constituents.' " The electors, thinking thus, sent a deputation to your colleague to ask four plain questions, who, if not actually rebuffed, are represented to have been sent away with a re fusal to answer any questi, ns to give any satisfaction : thus one of two things was forced upon them—either the nomination of another candidate or quiet submission,_ either stepping forward at once, as on great emergencies they have been accustomed to do, or of exhibiting to the country an example of pusillanimity utterly unworthy of them. The country expects that on this, as on former occasions, they will do their duty manfully, and it will not, you may be assured be disappointed.—l remain, yours sincerely, "D. L. EVANS." " Tu Sir Francis Burdett, M. P. &c. &e. &c." DREADFUL AND DESTRUCTIVE FIRE, MORNING.-This morning, about three o'clock, a fire broke out in the back premises of Messrs. Tunamt., coach-makers, of Long-acre, and spread with dreadful ►ury to the furriers in that street, from thence communicating to the adjoining houses. The stabling of Messrs. BEAaIES, the public-house, and two other houses in Lazenby -court, at once burst out with one immense body of flame, the appearance of which was terrifically magnificent. On the arrival of the engines, by the active exertions of the firemen and police, the progress of the devouring element was stopped, but not got completely under until about eight o'clock. Some of the poor creatur,s in Lazenby court have lost their all. A subscription is about to be raised for their relief. EXTENSIVE AND MYSTERIOUS ROBBERY. —This morning, early, the premises of Mr. HICKMAN, jeweller and silversmith, near St. Margaret's-hill, borough, were entered by burglars, by the following ingenious and extraordinary means :—Between his premises and Mr. HAantsores, the grocer, is a very ext.•nsive yard, belong ing to Messrs. MUNN and WILDE, spirit-merchants. On Mr. MtJNN entering the yard, this morning, he discovered his dog prostrate on the ground, poisoned by the means of administering some active poison on a piece of liver. The supposition is, that the thieves were secreted in a lumber room at the rear of Mr. HARRISON'S premises, from whence they intended to proceed to commit the robbery, but finding an obstacle .in the . dog, th e y di sposed o f i t i n the way described. Having so tar succeeded, they proceeded to ascend a high wall at the back of Mr. Ilicintax's pre mises, there they d re was tuck fromskylight , a by means o f a pulley the adjoining premises. The opening they made i n the skyl i ght was only sufficient to admit a small boy ; and what Is extraordinary is, that rope, wherel which property to the amount of about 4001. could have been taken through so s mall an aperture, whi c h it must have t taken a considerable time to do without di stur bi ng any o f iAN to openinghe above amount had his shop this baen taken away. themorning found On A t ihra.tipropertyic3 ADVICE OF AN IRISH APOTHECARY, - - If you find three tumblers of whiskey punch di sagree w i t h you over night, don't take 'em till next day, and then leave 'em off entirely. NORTHAMPTON. The Conservatives of this borough, feeling resolved to avoid the disgrace that has attended their brethren in the North respecting an address to his Majesty on the subject of the Dutch war, have wisely avoided a public meeting, to obtain the feeling of the town, and have resorted to their old and more customary method of making it a bole- and-corner business. Without a single word being pub. Hely known of their intention upon the subject, a hand bill, of which the following is a copy, was on Saturday distributed throughout the town :—" An Address to his Majesty from the inhabitants of the town of Northampton, humbly soliciting bis Majesty to suspend hostilities against the King of Holland, now lies for signature at the Guild hall." All, however, is of no avail—Conservative princi ples are at a discount in the town of Northampton. The mask is too palpable to deceive any one, and the confi dence reposed in his Majesty's Ministers is as unlimited as their most ardent friends can desire. BARRISTERS ' COURT, NORTHAMPTON. The business of this C9urt terminated on Monday last, when 103 names were struck out of the list ; of these 62 were on the side of Reform, 21 of the Conservatives, 11 uncertain, 9 dead. It ought to he stated, in justice to the first party, that, owing to an informality in the notice, of objections signed by the agents, they are deprived of the means of striking off the bail voters of their opponentse otherwise the disparity would, doubtless, have been the contrary way. From a careful examination of the corrected lists, there is the strongest ground for believing that two Reformers will be again returned for the borough of Northampton. REPRESENTATION OF NORTHAMPTON. On S ituiday evening, a public meeting was held at the Peacock Inn, of the friends and supporters of Sir George Robinson, Bart., and Robert Smith, Esq., to take into onsideration a communication from the former gentleman, announcing his resignation of the post which he has so long enjoyed as one of the representatives of this borough, and to seek out a fit and proper person to supply the defi ciency thus occasioned. Though it was the evening of the market. day, yet the large room of the above inn (which was calculated to hold more than 900 persons), was crowded to excess. The chair was taken by C'iarles Whitworth, Esq. Mr. Dennis read a letter from Sir Geo. Robinson, stating that the infirmities of nature compelled him to re tire from public life, and begging to name George Bain bridge, Esq , of Winchfield, Hants, as a gentleman whose political sentiments are in unison with his own, and as one whom the electors of Northampton would find eminently qualified to take the p .st he felt himself compelled to resign. A letter was here read from ti-at gentleman, in which he stated that he is " a Reformer, because he thinks Reform is in itself the instrument of amelioration in all institu tions, civil and ecclesiastical ; that the mode in which the parochial clergy are at present paid is baneful and vexa tious, and therefore ought to be modified, and the sys tem of tythes changed and commuted—that he is a decided enemy to slavery in every shape, and would consequently use all his endeavours to effectuate an abo lition of it in our colonies—that he considers the pre sent Minist-rs pre-eminently entitled to the confidence of the country by their recent measures, more particu larly for having carried to a successful issue the great one of Parliamentary Reform." This declaration was received with the greatest applause by the meeting. Resolutions were then submitted to the attention of the meeting,and carried without a single dissentient voice. The meeting was afterwards addressed by Mr.T. Sharp, Mr. Lee, Mr. Hatfield, &c., who all expressed themselves in terms of the highest satisfaction at the manner in which the duties had been discharged by their late Member, and with confidence in the power of the Re formers again to return two Members of their own principles to the House of Commons. DUBLIN, Nov. 24. There is a report current in town this morninz, of an affray between the police and country people at Taghmon, in the county W xfo:d, in which four of the latt-r were killed. How true the rumour may be, or what the cause of such collision between the people and officers of p ace in that generally quiet and pacific county, I cannot ascer tain ; but tithes, that f-rtile cause of lawles-ness and bloodshed, is supposed to be the origin in this, as in other instances, of the unhappy event. This is commencement day at our University, when great numbers of those who have not Masters' degrees, or any higher, are qualifying for the approaching election. The constituency is expected to be more extensive than was at first imagined, as there are already nine hundred names on the books, the greater part of whom will, no doubt, be prepared to vote, besides all who may replice their names before the 29th inst. (the second commence ment day) at the next election. You are aware that there are four candidates in the field—the Solicitor-General, Mr. Lefroy (ex -Sergeant), Mr. Shaw, Recorder of Dub lin, and the Hon. Mr. Ponsonby. Mr. Lefroy and the Recorder stand in the Conservative interest, and are said to be supported by large sums of money from the funds of the Conservative Society, to enable poor clergymen and curates to become their constituents. On the other hand, Government hopes, sustained by the death of the late Bishop of Waterford, to enlist a great many in the ranks of the Solicitor. General and Mr. Ponsonhy. The former does not, however, as might be expected, derive much support front the members of the long robe, many of whom, though possessing liberal politics, do not like him as a Member of a Whig Government ; but he is likely to be compensated for this, by deserters from the opposite party, who, so long accustomed to favour and fawn upon the powers that be, cannot refrain from doing so at a crisis, even though the power be transferred to hands pro fessedly not liberal to them. It is said that many mem bers of the bar, hitherto Conservatives, will either not vote at all, give cross votes, or go against their party. The conclusion of the trial of the King v. the Primate, of which an outline has appeared in The Sun, is, that the Crown has been obliged to pay 400/. to the Special Jury, besides other costs. It is said, however, that there will be an appeal in the cause to the House of Lords. The case was tried once before, with a similar result, in the county Cavan. THE TAXES ON KNOWLEDGE. It will hardly he believed that Ministers have not nerve eaouch to propose the abolNon of the infamous re‘trie tions by which the diffu,ion of sound political knowledge in this country is prevented. It will hardly he credited, that Lord Althorp has doubts, not only of the propriety of abolishing, or at least materially reducing the taxes on knowledge, but also as to whether the public desire the abolition. Now a better man than Lord Althorp does not exist ; but we must take leave to say that he is not always a wise one; and, with respect to the question before us, i we do not hesitate to assert th a t h e h as su ff ere d hi mse lf to be grossly imposed upon by t wo or t h ree great mono polists of the London press, who im gins that it would not be so easy for them to make a profit of 20,0001. per annum if the trade were thrown open. It is a pity that so honest and well-meaning a min as Lord Althorp sshoutil he made the dupe of such deception. He ought to reflect that with his consent, or without his consent, a Reformed Parliament will m!ke the abolition of the taxes on knowledge their first step; and as he cannot expect to retain the office which he now holds much longer, as he will soon be called to the Upper House, he should endea vour to leave it with honourable eclat. Lord Althorp should bear in mind three important facts—first, that even in this reading country there is not o ne newspaper to sixty persons , whi l s t in America there is one to twenty; secondly, that in proportion as news papers circulate, there is increase of knowled g e and di notion of crime ; and thirdly , that by th e e normous dut y on newspapers, and on the advertisemen t s whic h the y contain, the publicity necessary for commerce and trade is subject to a tax injuri,us to the interests of both. Having these facts before him—and that they are facts, we will show in our next by statistical details—he ought not to pay the slightest degree of attention to the repre sentations of monopolists connected with the public press, who although they can be liberal enough when the in terests of others are concerned, are selfish and unjust when there is a question raised affecting their own gains. It has been asserted, with a view to deter the Govern ment from any measure calculated to throw open the news- par r trade, that a reduction of the taxes on knowledge would be an encouragement to needy, criminal, and sedi tious men to deluge the country with their trash. This, is absurd : it would be as expensive to carry on a news paper without tax as with it. All that can be said is that as there would be a larger sale for papers than there is 110 w, if the taxes were to be abolished or materially le &iced, enterprising men, of intellectual resources, who are now in the back ground, would come into the field. This would be a public benefit, and as a secur it y aga i ns t ti e d e l ug e of radicalism, which Ministers appear t 4 dread, they might retain the gagging Acts for a time—we mean the late againstl at vrequir b in i g isp b h o e n m ds y ar a i n d d oa s tl e i d s it in ion t . he L C e o t ur t t he o t f u E , x h c o li w e : ci r, repeal impost up o n news p a p ers , a nd how ever, will soon ,on the grinding findtha t things will go on well without the necessity of an y gagging at all. We will just tell Lord Althorp what it costs to produce a newspaper, independently of the paper and stamp. The weekly expense of a daily newspaper is from 2001. to 350/. ; that of an evening pipet from 100/. to 140/. ; of a weekly paper from 251. to 501 Our own paper costs the latter sum before we can throw off a single copy. Re. , (hieing the taxation will not reduce this expense, and con sequently, there is no reason to dread the degradation of the press. The difference would be in an increased sale ; where one man reads newspapers now, ten at least would read if the taxes are taken off, and in that proportion I would society at large be benefited and improved.— Merle's Literary Register. COURT CIRCULAR. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of KENT and the Princess VICTORIA walked and drove for some time in Hyde Park yesterday. Baron D'OnPTEDA, the Hanoverian Minister, arrived in town, on Sunday night, from the continent. His Ex cellency paid visits yesterday to several of the foreign Mi- nisters. The LORD CHANCELLOR, the Duke of RICHMOND, the Right Hon. CHARLES GRANT, Sir JAMES GRAHAM, and Mr. WESTERN had interviews yesterday with Vis count ALTHORP, at the Treasury. Prince T A LLEYRAND, the French Ambassador, visited Viscount PALMERSTON, last evening, at the Foreign office. Earl GREY also visited the Noble Viscount yes terday. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE visited Earl GREY, Vis count PALMERSTON, and Viscount ALTHORP yesterday. FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVALS. Countess de Grey, in St. James's-square, from her seat, Westpark, Silsoe, Bedfordshire; Sir L. and Lady Palk, and the Rev. Mr. Palk, at Symmons's Hotel, St. James's-street, from Holdon House, Devonshire; Mr. and Mrs. Peales, at Batt's Hotel, Dover street, from Cambridgeshire ; P. W. Ham mond, Esq., and J. Nicholson, Esq., at ditto, from ditto; the Rev. George Jenkins, at ditto, from Worthing ; W. Munsell, Esq., at ditto, from Ireland; Mr. and Mrs. Christie, in Brook street, from Cheltenham; Captain and Mrs. Crawfurd, in Park-lane, from Norfolk; Mr. and Mrs. A. Duncan, at Rag gett's Hotel, Dover-street, from the Continent ; Mr. and Mrs. Henderson, in Grosvenor-street, from Suffolk ; Mrs. Bartley, at Nerot's Hotel, from Box-hill ; General Finch, at ditto, from Warwickshire. DEPARTURES. Earl and Countess Nelson, from Portman-square, for his Lordship's residence at Canterbury; General Sir Henry Wade, from Bryant's Hotel, Conduit-street; Thomas Farrell, Esq., and Mrs. Farrell and family, from ditto ; the Miss Shepperds, from ditto, for their seat, Newcastle; the Swedish Ambassador and suite, from Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square, for Brighton; Mr. and Mrs. M`Carthy and Miss M‘Mahon, from the Bruns wick Hotel, Jermyn-street, for Brighton ; the Misses Elliott, from Batt's Hotel, Dover-street; W. Paski, Esq., from ditto ; P. Mahoney, Esq., from Morley's Vote', Trafalgar.square, for Dublin; Mr. and Mrs. W. Howard, from the British Hotel, Jermyn-street, for Bath ; W. Austin, Esq., from ditto, for ditto; Mr. and Mrs. Shaw, from Raggett's Hotel, Dover-street; Captain Morton, from ditto, for Brighton; Mr. and Mrs. Richardson, for their seat in Northamptonshire. CHELTENHAM, Nov. 24. From the number of fashionable arrivals here, daily, and the crowded appearance of our streets, we anticipate a brilliant winter season. The ball, which takes place to morrow evening, at the Assembly-rooms, is expected to be very fully attended. Among our latest arrivals are, Colonel and Mrs. Tempest, Lieut.nant-Colonel Higgins, from Loudon ; Mr. Domi nick Brown, M. P., Mr F. Villiers, M. P., Mr. John Denis Browne, from Yorkshir &c.. &c., &c. SIBERIA. We extract the following plaintive verses from the 4th number of " Polonia." They are translated from the German of Ernst Ortlepp.] In Siberia, in Siberia, Cold the mortal breezes blow, And the land discloses wide One great tomb of death and woe. In Siberia, in Siberia, Spring has but a single day, And the summer but an hour, And the heart but half its play. In Siberia, in Siberia, Where to live is daily death, There, alas ! roam noble Poles Animate with spectral breath. In Siberia, in Siberia, Man has but a cypher's name ; Hell—how dreadful to the tortured ! But far worse Siberia's flame. In Siberia, in Siberia, Breathing struggles in the breast ; Hottest tears are turned to ice, Joy and grief have equal zest. In Siberia, in Siberia, Pain and pleasure both are fled; Only one dark image hovers O'er that region of the dead. In Siberia, in Siberia, Friendship's welcome's sought in vain ; No sweet maiden's lip in kisses Gives and takes the heart again. In Siberia, in Siberia, Far from wife, and child and home, Bitterly the banish'd, weeping, O'er the death-like desert roam. In Siberia, in Siberia, Words of kindness ne'er are known Deeper in the grave while living Than if death had claim'd its own. From Siberia, from Siberia, Sighs of Polish heroes float, And the nations' hearts responding, Echo mournful to the note. In Siberia, in Siberia, O'er the banish'd Poles afar Rocks their flinty hearts are rending— Tearless only is the—Czar! We are gratified to learn that the receipts of Drury-lane Theatre last evening, to witness the conjunction of KEAN and MACREADY, exceeded 5001. Mr. Alderman VENABLES has withdrawn from the approaching contest for the representat'on of the city of London. DEATH OF THE EARL OF KILNIOREY.- We regret to announce the death of this excellent and patriotic Nobleman on the 21st instant, at his seat, Sha vington, in Shropshire, aged about 85. His Lordship was a descendant of the very ancient family of the NEDE HAMS, of that county; was twelfth Viscount KILMOREY in the Peerage of Ireland, to which title he succeeded on the death of his brother ROBERT, in November, 1818, and was by his late MAJESTY, in 1822, created Earl of KIL MOREY and Viscount NEWRY and MORNE, in Ireland. His Lordship was one of the oldest Generals in the army, had served in the American war, and was, at his death, Colonel of the 86th Regiment of Foot. His loss will be severely felt, not only by his numerous family and friends, but by his tenantry, and the poor on his extensive estates both in England and Ireland, among whom, and in the latter more particularly, he expended a considerable part of the income he derived from them. He was a liberal landlord, and a kind, benevolent, and steadfast friend. His Lordship is succeeded by his eldest son FRANCIS JACK Viscount NEWICY, now Earl of Kmimam.% e have to announce the demise of Lord NEWBOROUGH, on the 15th instant, at his seat in Car narvonshire. His Lordship was the second Baron NEW.. BOROUGH, of Newborough, in the Peerage of Ireland, and was born 3tl of April, 1802. Succeeded to the title on the death of his father, the 12th of October, 1807. Lord NEwnoaoucta dying unmarried, his only brother, the Hon. SPENCER BULKELET WYNN, succeeds to the title. The present Lady Dowager NEWBOROUGH, mother of the late Lord, who resides abroad, recently created an extraordinary sensation in the Parisian haul ton by her work which she has written to prove that she is by birth a Princess of the House of ORLEANS, and that the King of the FRENCH is the son of CHIAPPINI, who was ex changed for her at the period of their respective births ! It is asserted that the present and the late Lord Nxw noaoticir have been noticed in passing through the streets of Paris for their extraordinary resemblance to the late Duke of ORLEANS and his family. Lady NEWBOROUGH formod a second matrimonial alliance in 181 0 , with Baron FIEVNBERG, an Austrian Nobleman. T he late Lord NEWEOROUGII was a liberal landlord , fr iendl y and gene rous, and of most benevolent and chari table dis p osition. The re manifestois so m being etalk o a thet t e l vi oNfVe promulgations ten d of withi e town the signatures of the representatives of the three seceding Powers from the Confi rence. This document is said to be hourly expected from St.,Petersburgh, whither it was forwarded to receive the approval of the Emperor of RUSSIA. It is added that it will contain in detail the sentiments of the three Powers with regard to the hostile proceedings against Holland. It was reported last night that this document ha d been received in town, but upon inquiry we find that no despatches have been received from Russia for some days past. Prince LICVEN continues at Brighton, but is expected in town to-morrow ; Count MATuszEvvte is still at Melton. DRURY-LANE THEATRE. Mr. KEAN and Mr. MACREADY last night performed in the tragedy of Othello. This conjunction, or, if our readers will have it so, this opposition of our two great theatrical stars attracted an immense audience. Every lover of SHAESPEARE, every admirer and supporter of the drama, must have the recollection of Mr. KEAN'S Othello, when be first essayed that most difficult character, inde libly impressed on his memory. It was a performance of which we knew not whether most to admire the heart searching pathos or the soul-appalling passion. It is exceedingly pleasurable to us to state that Mr. KEAN last night sustained the Fat very neatly, if not altogether, as well as when he first triumphed in its representation. His voice was clear, his enun ciation beautifully distinct, his tread firm, his ac tion unembarrassed and appropriate. A crowded house, and the collision with his formidable rival, seemed to give him renewed powers. He played with great physical force, but with still greater mental energy. The character of lago was sustained by Mr. MAcREADY, and sustained with undoubted ability. His performance of this part has added considerably to his theatrical repu tation. He entered fully into its spirit, and gave a very accurate delineation of the most finished villain on the stage. Under the guise of a well-assumed jocularity, he concealed his dearly purposes. He did not, as many actors have done, and are in the habit of doing, allow the real character of the fiend appear to on the sut face. His hila _ - - lons manner with Roderiyo, and his deep earnestness with Othello, might deceive a less foolish man than the former, or a stronger-minded man than the latter. Mr. MACREADY delivered his soliloquies with much point ; and his performance, especially in the third act, was greatly admired and applauded. In many passages he phased us more than Mr. Youwo did, and that gentleman played the part well. The gentle Desdenwna was charmingly represented by Ali:s Pirmurs. We have n ot often witnessed anything on the stage more affecting than her impassioned disclaimer of infidelity in the great scene with Othello. At the conc'usion of the tragedy both Mt. KEAN and Mr. MACREADE were called for. They, of course, appeared, and made their obeisances to the au. diem. BALL AT GUILDHALL. Last night a ball was given at Guildhall under the pa' tronage of the Lord Mayor and the Lady Mayoress, in support of the G , rooration Charity School of the City of London. The decorations of the Hill were the same in every respect as on the recent occasion of the grand Civic Assembly, but the company was by no means so numerooN though very select. Much credit is due to Mr. Peacock , of the Common Council, for his strenuous exertions is procuring as full an attendance as possible. Little, hose" ever, can be said for the benevolence of the great majority of his brethren, fur they sent back three-fourths of the tickets. They and their families show themselves read,' enough to gormandise, guzzle, and dance, when they ea° do so for nothing; hut when called upon to pay 13s. or a guinea in furtherance of a most laudable public institutiaof they think their wisest course is to withhold at once their cash and their company. The Lord M iyor, accompanied by his Lady and the Sheriffs, entered the Hall at a ft' v minutes before nine o'clock, and Weippert's band, imnr diately afterwards struck up an animated quadrille, which put several groups in motion. Dancing was prolonged C O a late hour, and everybody seemed pleased and happy' Mr. Bleaden, of the London Tavern, was as liberal a s usual in providing a variety of refreshments, and appesir i to take an interest in the same, which was altogether die.' tinct from considerations of profit The subjoined list of his MAJESTY'S Lords ot the Bed-chamber does not, it will be seen, include th e min! of Eng BaowriLow, an avowed and ardent sor porter of Conservative principles, who has been stated to he in official attendance on his MAJESTY at the Pavilion Maoquis Of QUEENSBERRY, Earl of DENBIGH, Earl Ag" HEIST. Earl of GnsFORD, Earl of FIFE, Viscount FAIN LAND, Lord NAPIER, Load BYRON, Viscount ASH3ROOg, Lord Jas. O'BRYEN :(with the exception of Lord Asir' rxently appointed in the room of Lord GLEN: LYON, and Lord JAMEs O'BRIEN, brother to the Marqul 4 of THOMOND, all his MAJESTY'S Lords in Waiting), a r i e Pe rs o! Parliament, a!ol have supported the existing A?" ministration by their votes in the House of Lords. It I!, the etiquette of the Court th it the Lords of the Ho usehold should belong to the party of the Premier. Lord FIFE was removed from his office by the Earl of Ltvititroo t ' for giving an adverse vote; but lie was subsequently rein' stated. —Morning Herald. It is not improbable that his -MAJESTY May visit Hanover during the next year, accompanied by the QUEVI arid a select Court circle. S.) far back as the month of May, 1831, a motion was made by a Member of the Lower or Second Chamber of that country, and emir , ' by a majority of 31 out of 51 votes, for transmitting en address to his MAJESTY, soliciting him, with great earnest ness, to visit that portion of his dominions. The visit, at that epoch, was confidently expected, as it was known tha t his MAJESTY intimated to one of the members of the de' putation, who came to this country antecedent t o the transmission of the address, that his Ilanoverian subject° . might expect a visit from him in the course of that sula iner, bat the state of public aff.irs at that period Pt., vented him from fulfilling his intention. The last visit 0 MAJESTY paid to Hanover was in the summer of 1818 shortly after his mailiage, when he proceeded with Ir Royal Consort to Germany, with a numerous suite. .`ti the Royal vault at Hanover is interred the infant PriDeCtid ELIZABETH ADELAIDE, eldest daughter of the KING a ° QUEEN, who expired soon after her birth. The Earl of ABERDEEN and his Orr brothers—Sir ROBERT GORDON and the Hono urab.ei Captains WILLIAM and JOHN GORDON—are at Meldrutn3o' in Aberdeenshire, where sharp opposition is expected _ the return of Captain W. GORDON. The candidate a" , the Liberal side is Sir MICHAEL BRUCE. Lord A nri :, DEEN will remain in Scotland until the meeting o f Ps ' iiament. The Marquis and Marchioness of MILS: have of late been visited by severe domestic calarni!le; havitig lost both ti eir sons and tiatighter-in-law Withi n s'iort period. The late Countess of Cassius, whose iii° ss lotion took place on the 16th incant, at Edinburgh , 1/ „. ELEANOR, only child and heiress of ALEXANDER ALLA' DYCK, Esq. She was united to the late Earl of Cassias: then Lord KENNEDY, May 1811, by whom she has lei' ; family of nine suns and one daughter, now in her ri t h year. H r Ladyship', youngest child was only a ton tl a t t obi when the death of Lord CASSIUS to , ok place in Augt 4 last, and it is general). believed that excessive grief for " A ", loss contributed to hasten her own dissolution. Lady AUGUSTA KENNEDY ERS'KINE, who was staying n''i e their MAJESTIES at the Pavilion, has withdrawn fano tj , sp'endid hospitalities of the Palace until after the ia te ' r - , ment of her regretted relative. The Marquis and 111 , chioness of AILSA and Lady ELEANOR KENNEDY b'; left Scotland, and are staying for the winter at their et° St. Margaret's, near Richmond. ari T h ie churchwardens e l mofGras.esendandmil a to n n d overseers havedeterni of determined , relieve with money any casual travelling paupers who rasf: at the time, " when sober evening gray" peeps in, B PP' to them for relief. If they appear deserving the boun t r e they are provided with tickets, which are directed to t 4 master of the workhouse, who, upon their applicso (which tnusebe within one half-hour of the time of tea ceiving the same), provides them with firing, bred cheese, an I a portion of beer, and the lik e allowa li j awaits them in the morning, when th e y are es corted 'iv, of the parish by the beadle. There w e r e two if , r °° o committed by W. EAGLE, Esq., the Mayor last week , the House of Correction, for committin g ac ts of vigil after receiving the above-named bounty. The sY st / has proved hitherto highly beneficial to the plait''' . Kentish Gazette. We are happy to say that the subscriP lists, opened in Chichester for the Abbotsford in honour of Sir WALTER SCOTT, are beginning t ( 1,11. We already see the names of the Bishop, the Dean, A fur deacon, Dr. SANDEN, Dr. FORBES, Rev. Mr. GoDy k ,,er Admiral THOMPSON, &c., and we doubt nut that Chio be i;lic will in this, as on all other occasions, evince its P ° of spirit and liberality. B oo k s are d epo sit e d a t the plac e " ia sut , seription, sent down by the Committee in Load°°' i ll which the contributors are to inscribe their own riame 6 ! te rl of which are to be bound together, and finally depo! l ol in the archiv es o f Abb ots f or d, as a memor i a l of nat io feeling. The smallest sums are received, and it is P r Ice d ble that the .Abbotsford Book will hereafter be W e d, upon as one o f th e most curious documents ever fool o f The new volume of the popular serie s io te Fiction., entitled, " The Standard Novels," will c 0 It of the story of Fleetwood," by the celebrated aut h :d " Cal-b Williams." A critic in a review, publi , bioio 1816, says, " If we were asked to name the work °, 0Y writer which has pleased us the most, we sh °°l • ' ;orl' e Fleetwood.' The episode of Ruffigny is a sort of eP'o,eB of our author : it contains all that he can do. A"d. er icle• the Mizeneils—we mourn for them as for dear fr,1,0 he Mary Fleetwood is the best feminine delineation found in the works of fictitious natration."