The Sun. — London, England, 1822-10-21 00:00:00

PORTUGAL. VIE CORTES.—(LISBON, OcT. In thi - sitting of ttie 28th of September, news from tlraiil was communicated, which was brought by the Portuguese brigantine Piedatie,ip 49 days from Rio de Janeiro. Among the news given by the Captain was the following - expedition . for -Ilahla • sailed on the 14th of July ;‘, it contiited of.the,two frigates Union. and Maria da Gloria, -the .corvette Liberal, and the brig United _King dorn, with 260 soldiers on boaril;:ana a consider able quantity of arms and ammunition. On the 12th, the Deputies from Pernambuco for the Council of State arrived. On the 21st, the parochial election took place ; that of Deputies was to be on the 21st of August. The 28th of IJulysa vessel from Monte Vidio arrived with a proclamation of the Military Council of that place, declaring their firm adherentie to the Sovereign Congress and to the King. On the 6th of August appeared his - Royal Highness's Deci•ee, ordering all troops, whatsoever to be,reputed enemies that should be sent from Portugal or an y-otber country, without the consent of his. Royal Highness. On the same day was issued the Manifesto of his Royal Highness 'to the People of Brasil. T heir Royal Highnesses were in perfect health. The-English brig Alice, John CooSson, in 58 clays from the province of Alagoas, brought many Portuguese officers and other passengers, one of --Whom, Captain Joaquin] Ignaciode'Prega of the troops of the line, stated, that in consequence 'of a revolutionary movement_ in that province, all ' , the European of fi cers were di'sinissed,sonie volun tarily, others by compulsion, wfib were put on 'board this• ship by orders of' the Government which was established there. The Minister of the. Interior was commissioned by his Majesty to state, that his Majesty wished to accept and take the oath to the Constitution on the Ist of October. The President replied, -that the Cortes bad heard this, communication with extreme satisfaction, and would be assem bled on-the Ist of October at 11' o'clock, ready to receive-his Majesty. • After the Order of the Day, relative to the organization of the Provisional Courts of Judica ture,. Mr. Felgueiras, the Secretary, stated 'that be had received aletter from the Minister of the Interior, sending by h?s Majesty's orders three letters from the Prince Royal, to be communi cated to the Cortes. Senor Freire moved that his Royal Highness's Decree of the Ist of August should be read, as it was an open declaration of war, and the Cortes -ought to be fully acquainted with it : it was read accordingly. Authentic copies of these letters, and of the decrees and proclamations of his Royal Highness contained in them, were ordered to be taken, and the originals returned to his Majesty. . - SLTTINGS OF:THE 30TH SEPTETHBER. The Members took the oath to the Constitution, and after • wards signed it. The President first rose, and then, all the other members ris ing from. their seats, the President laid his right hand on the Holy Goipel, and said' in a loud-voice--` I swear to preserve "the Political Constitution of the Portuguese Monarchy which has just been decreed by the 'Constituent Cortes of the same nation." 'The Deputies then followed, in 'the order in which their names were called by the Secretary,. Soare de Alvedo ; and each - laying his right hand, on the same book, said aloud, "So I swear:" They afterwards proceeded to sign the oath. The President then propoied some regulations for the cere .mony of the following day, which,were approved. On the motion of M. Fernandez Thomas, it was resolved that his'Majesty should sign in the folloWing form-:--John VI., ROYAL SITTING, OCT. 1.-SENOR TRIGOSO. PRESIDENT. At ten minutes past eleven, a salute, of artillery announced that his Majesty was approaching the palace of the Cortes, and at a quarter before twelve the'President stated that his Majesty had arrived ; and proposed that the Deputation should go the bottom of the staircase to receive him, which was done. _ At twenty minutes past twelve his Majesty entered the hall, preceded by the chief officers of his household, the nobility, •the corps Diplomatique, the Council of State, the Secretaries of State, the corps of the Paniarchate, General officers, and a very numerous suite, his Majesty being surrounded by the Deputies whom the Cortes had named to receive him.— The Infant Don Miguel was conducted, with the ceremony due to his rank, to the gallery reserved for the Royal Fannily, and the other distinguished persons to the seats prepared for them. Meantime the sovereign Congress was standing, and his Ma • jesty :ascended the throne accompanied by the deputation, showing to them and to the whole assembly the most 'evident --signs of the great delight which overflowed his royal-heart.' • His Majesty having taken his seat in the magnificent chair placed on the throne, the President and Deputies also sit down, and his Majesty read the following speech :-- " Gentlemen, I have examined with attention the political constitution of the monarchy, which, in the names of all the -inhabitants of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarve, was offered me by its legitimate representatives, united in these general, extraordinary, and constituent Cortes of the Portuguese nation : and I have considered with scrupulous at -tendon the conditions of thiS new social compact. Placed by Providence at the - head of a valiant and magnanimous nation, and convinced that the general will is the fountain and the me -Zuni of all political power, it is my duty to identify my will -with the general wish, as I was always sensible that my own happiness-is essentially connected with the prosperity of the Portuguese-people. " Faithful to my principles, I flatter myself with' having • -offered to the nation, even in the most difficult circumstances, decisive proofs of the love I bear it, and of the uprightness which becomes my own dignity: The Portuguese acknowledge it, and this is the recompense the most worthy of my labours, as well as the sole Object of my ambition. " The new social compact being therefore the expression of the general will, and The fruit of your wise mediations, conform able to this 'enlightened • age, and founded on a reciprocity of interests and sentiments,- which make •my cause' inseparable from the cause of the nation, I come to-day, iii ~the midst of National Renreaentation, to, accept the 'ConStitution which you have - just made, and to confirm, by the most solemn oath, the inviolable promise to keep it, and.causeitto be kept. " Yes, Representatives of the heroic Portiiguese nation, your magnificent work, the fruit of lorany enlightened and patriotic labours, will be respected and maintained. I swear it •by the probity and 'firmness which you know me to possess.— ' This sacred promise as spontaneous as the resolution which brought me from -the Nvw" World to the cradle of the Mon archy, to co-operate in this . your glorious enterprise, cannot have a surei'guarantee than this . same firmness with which I have maintained the -bases to Which swore,+ and which appears in all the acts which characterize my promises as sincere, and my intentions as pure. " I congratulate myself on both meriting the confidence and love of the nation, and on the arrival of this happy day, twice celebrated in the annals -of the history of Portugal. It will show to posterity the perhaps unparalleled example of a na, tion regenerated without disturbing the public tranquility, and that the first Constitutional King of the Portuguese, knowing ' how to make himself worthy . of the confidence of the people, knew also how sweet it is to-reign over their hearts. Such,Gentle., men, is the glory to which I aspire, and such are the sincere - motives which induced me to accept, and to swear to the poll; tical constitution of the monarchy." When his Majesty had concluded, the President rose, and,: accompanied by the Secrataries Messrs. Bazilio, Alberto, and Soares de Alveda, ascended the throne, and taking from the - hands of the•first •of these Gentlemen, the hook of the Holy Evongelists, he opened andiptesented it to his Majesty to take the oath, which was written on separate paper. The Kingim mediately tookit, saying, " I desire to pronounce it aloud, that all may hear me," aria laying his hand on the holy Gospels, he prodeeded:— '" I accept, and swear to observe And cause to be 'observed, • the political constitution of the Portuguese - Monarchy, which has just been decreed by the Constituent Cortes of the same :233tion;" and he then added, " and with the greatest pleasure • and with all my heart ;" and delivering to the President a written copy of his speech, the latter and the Secretaries return ed to their places. The whole hall resounded with the most enthusiastic trans. ports of joy of all F.F.sent, and mingled cries " The Con stitution for ever!" Longlive the best of Kings, thel'ather of the'Countrit ' . • • His Majesty: then signed the oath which was annexed to the two original's of the Constitution, in the following form : " John VI.-Conn Guarda." ' - The august ceremony being concluded., the President ad dressed his Majesty in, a l2ng speech, expressive of the profound attachment 'of the' Cortex and the nation to his person and fa mily, and - congratulating the King and the nation on the hr ppy.; accomplishment of the great work. Il is Majekt, descending from-the throne, exclaimed with the most . sincere enthusiasm, The Sovereign Congress for ever!" —which was re-echoed by the galleries and the whOle of the august assembly. In the sitting of the Cortes of the 2dinstant, Senor . Percera de Carmo presented two motions—one for declaring .Lisbon a free port, the other for erecting an Asiatic an African Company. Both were referred to the Committee on Commerce. On the Ist of October there were great rejoicings in the city on account of the completion of the constitution, andhis Ma jesty was received at the theatre in the evening with the greatest enthusiasm. _ _ - Lisao . g, OCT. 5.—A French ship has arrived to-day, in 30 days, from Pernambuco, bringing the Governor of that city, and many passengers. Ile says, that the troops sent by the Prince Royal to Bahia, being opposed there, went to Pernam buco, where they were very well received. The inhabitants de clared their independence, and sent the Governor away. At Bahia, a detachment of 600 men from Portugal .had been well received. The Brazilian Deputies, who declined: to sign the Constitution, are ,expected to go away by the Marlborough pac ket to-mthow. beattact of a Letter, dated Lisbon, Oct. 54 ." The first t of the present month of October is a day that will hold a distinguished place in the annals of Portuguese History. Our ovorth M 4. g went nn that day to the Congress to take his oath to the Constitution the Cortes have just concluded,.after un wearied hind-exertions. Never did the Portuguese exhibit themselves to the world in so interesting a point of view as on this occasion. ThOse who witnessed the solemn scene, and remember , ed the past, shed tears of joY. ' To seeißeir King, in the centre of a Congress, composed of national representatives, elected freely by their cditkituents, and surrounded by , every thing -great and dignified the kingdom possesses, taking a solemn oath, in , the hands of the President, to keep and guard a Constitution from which much felicity was expected, called forth tears of joy froth every beholder. This is a day Portugal can never forget; yet it was not the solemnity of the act the King performed, so much-as die , lnanner in which he did it,- that inspired his subjects witit 'regard and veneration fin. him. Complacency beamed on his countenance, and he seemed happy, nayy, proud,. of having this opportunity of healing' the past wounds of his country, and promoting its future felicity. Never did a Monarch wield the sceptre on a more interesting occasion than the present. In a moment all the past errors of his former administration were forgotten, • and all the crimes of. his former - Ministers forgiven. So much has public attention been taken up with these interesting scenes; that we haye little or no other news to tell. The adviees received here from. Janeiro are to the fith of August, from Bahia to the 9th, and from Pernambuco to the 30th. Among the first we have received the Prince Regent's IVlanifesto, ad dressed to the Brazilians, filled with unjust reproaches, and which by Portugal can 'be considered in no other point of view than a positive and formal declaration-of war, since the general tenor, seems to indicate that it is the Prince's wish also to deprive Portugal of the effects of her regeneration and restore despotism. The sentiments it contains on Portuguese affairs appear dictated by one of the Holy Alliance in Europe, and it is strongly sus, pected these sentiments have been wafted over to the Brazils from Austria.' The government here has said nothing on the sub ject yet ; but it is thought that they must now adopt the most deci:. sive measures. The expedition which left this place for Bahia in last June had arrived there almost at the time when that which left Rio hiltily inade -its appearance. No fighting took place, and the Brazil _squadron left on the . coast one of its vessels, called the' Reyna Unido, and the rest went to Pernambuco, where they landed some arms and about 200 men, and then re turned to Rio. The accounts received at Rio front St. Paul's' speak of sonic disagreements which have taken place there, to settle which it would seem the Prince has gone there in person. Five of the Brazilian - Deputies, who refused to' sign the Con stitution,: -this packet to England." - FREATCII MONSTERS.--Some instances, of that species of -crime which a few - years ago filled the capital with terror, and the perpetrators of which must-be as depraved as ferocious, have lately occurred in the neighbourhood of 'the Palais Royal. We -allude to those• deliberate- and brutal, attacks which appear to be 'specially di rected against a weak and timid sex- 7 in a word, we mean the P iqueurs. During the evening of Monday last, three young ladies were- wounded 1.. t h F art or Llletr bodies, between six and .half past six o'clock; The first victim of brutality was Mademoiselle Adeline, residing with her re- . lation Madame Briet, N 0.15, Rue. St. Marc; She was attacked opposite the perfumery warehouse, known by the name of the Cloche d'Or. The . wound was- nearly an inch broad,' and very deep, and appear,ed to have been made bylia- sharp instrument of -.the shape of a grattoir. The second young lady -was also dreadfully wounded by a - sharp instrument, opposite No. 19, Rue Nenve des,petits-Champs. We have obtained correct information respecting the dress of the wretch who committed this last • crime ; he was . very well . dressed, and in black. This circum stance is very important, because, unfortunately, it tends to prove that there exists more thin one monster capable of committing this atrocity_'; for the brute who attacked the third ynung lady, according to the description of him given by his victim, wore a blue riding dress, and had a hel mit cap on his- head. : This young lady was attacked whilst turning from Rue de Richelieu into Rue St. Honore, on' her way home after having dined with an aunt. The wound which she received was so deep, and dangerons that it -was found necessary to convey her; in .a-state of insensibility, into the house, of •Me Maurisset, engraver to his -Majesty, where., she received. every attention 'from the wife and daughter of that artist.. . : The unfortunate young lady ia 20 years of age . i . The wound is an inch and a half in depth'and an inch in breadth. Professional gentlemen have declared that if the instrument had penetrated in a,more direct line, the•crural aetery must .have been divided.,,,:in.wldah case 'death would have been inevitable• The' young lady has been removed to her father's in the most deplorable state.---( French Paper.) IstELANn. i - r On Monday last an armed party suddenly entered a room in the house of, N. G-. • EvANs, Esq. of Larker, near Doneraile, where .the family were sitting after dinner,. and com pelled Mr. EVANS to give up to them eight stand of arms; all in excellent repair. Arms have also been recently taken from several other houses. The peasantry of Cork are collecting arms and great coats for their winter insurrections.ry opera tions ; and in the neighbourhood of Bandon, the country people are cutting down young ash trees for pike handles. Mr.'OWEN, of New Lanark, is now in Dublin, endeavouring to obtain the application of his plans to Ireland. He has been very favourably received. • , A Sunday paper states, that on Wednesday next will be held a meeting of deputies from the diffe 'rent trades in the Metropolis, for the purpose of .arranging a public entry into London jbr Mr. HUNT, on the, 6th of November next, which is his birth-day. ROYAL NAVY, &c. . [From the Hampshire Telegraph.] The Iphigenia frigate, Commodore Sir. Robert Mends, lately arrived at Portsmouth from a six:months' cruise on the, coast of Africa, during which the slave trade received a greater' blow than at any period since the Abolition Act (as it is called) was passed. Sixteen vessels captured, and 2 4 810 unhappy slaves emancipated, are proofs of the activity of our naval force during Sir Robert's command, and of the efforts sa praise worthily made to crush this most inhuman traffic ; whilst, it must be confessed with grief and indignation, it, is still carried on to a very great extent. On running 'down the prohibitory line of coast to the . northward of the Line (from Goree to the Bight of Biafra), the Iphigenia boarded upwards of forty-six vessels, completely fitted out for the slave trade ; and though under very strong proofs of the guilty purpose of their equip ment, she was unable to capture them, from the circumstance of not having their slaves actually on board—which proof, by the Treaties, is absolutely nefessary to the condemnation of the vessels in the Prize Courts. Thest vessels were under the flags of France, Spain, and Portugal : the majority of them under those of the two first-named nations. It is only by the most sedulous activity and spirited enterprise any of these ves sels can be detected in the act slaVe-trading, as their practice is to anchor off the mouths of the rivers, and wait to a favour able moment to embark their cargoes, which information is con veyed to them by partisan§ on the neighbouring coasts, and in two hours the poor defenceless victims of these hard-hearted, re lentless barbarians,- are lashed together, dragged on board the vessels, and sent, across the Alantic ; soon .filth, disease, and the extreme of wretchedness, generate, and the poor slaves, in this afflieted state, are often found almost bereft, even of the appearance of the human shape. The Iphigenia left Sierra Leone on the 26th June, when the rainy season had just commenced. The Colony was then:perfectly healthY,tand,by the unwearied exertions of the Governor, Sir Charles 31'1:artily, was daily improving in civilization, and extending its commerce with the nations in the interior. Since the expedition sent-into -the Fate country, the people of that nation had been much in the habit of frequenting the Colony, bringing gold 7 dust and all the cattle required for the use of the Colony,, in exchange for British manufactures. These natives, 'who are a warlike people, occupy a fruitful tract of country on the borders of, and extend ing to the north-east of the'Colony, the capital of which, Tern boo, is about ten days' travel from Sierra Leone. Another amicable expedition was preparing to visit the in terior of this country, by means of which, it was hoped, inter course would be opened with other nations, yet more distant, and that civilization and commerce would prove the beneficial result. It is a pleasant circumstance to hear, that the Fullas have, in a great measure, abandoned their trading in slaves, for the more peaceful occuparion of bartering with the English merchants for their commodities. The ships left on the coast of Africa were thus employed :—Driver, 18. Capt. T. Wolrige (senior Officer), and Bunn, 18, Captain Phillips, in the Bights of Benin and Biafra ; Cyrene, 20, Captain Percy Grace, on the Windward Coast, with the Thistle, Lieutenant Hagan, and Snapper, "Lieutenant Rothery. The Pheasant, 111, Captain Clavering, 'had proceeded to Ascension, with the scientific Captain Sabine, R.A, who is making experiments and astronomical observations in low latitudes, for the purpose of comparing them with those he made in high latitudes (when he went to the North Pole with Captain Parry), and thus as certain the true figure of the.earth, and other matters connect ed with astronomical and mathematical science. The Phea. sant was to take'Capt. Sabine from Ascension to Marnharn and the Amazon RiVer, and return home by the way of the West Indies. Mr. Gooolden, Master of the Pheasant, and Mr. Ellis, died at St. Thomas's on the 16th of May. The Morgiana, 18, Capt. C. Knight, had left the Coast to return to England, via the Brazils: • The Iphigenia having left Siera Leon on the 26th June for the West Indies, arrived at Barbadoes the 17th July, where she found lying the Pyramus, Surinam, and Icarus, healthy. She arrived at Jamaica on the 25th July, and sailed hence for the Havannah on the 6th August, where she arrived on the 15th.— Trade was completely at a stand at Jamaica, but it was hoped that a free trade would soon be declared with America, which mist produce a favourable alteration. The low price of the produce, the danger to the coasting trade from the pirates and the general uncertain state of mind of the Black population of 'the Islands, all tend much to diminish the planter's prospects. During the stay of Sir Robert Mends at the Havannah, he frequently gate protection to.the British trade, - and ordered the Tyne, 24, Capt. Walcott, to see the Jamaira ships safe through the. Gulf of Florida, and, as the best .means of decoying the piratical vessels which infest the neighbouring seas, the Com modore sent parties of men on board the different merchant ships to protect them, and with a view of capturing these lawless robbers. On one occasion a Colombian privateer, a remarkably fine l schooner, with 12 guns and 70 men, was taken possession of by Lieut. Stokes, first of the Iphigenia, who had 24) men under hind, by boarding. She was then in the act of boarding an English schooner; but as the privateer's papers, were .regular (she was under the Independent Columbian flag), and she had not mo lested our trade further. Lieutenant S. did not think himself authorised'te detain - her longer than until there was no English vessel in sight. The privateer was manned by Americans and English, who said they were bound on a cruise off Cadiz—pro bably to blockade. it. The pirates of the island of Cuba are chiefly Havannese, who push out of their harbours and creeks on the approach 'of every unprotected merchantman, and com mit the most boundless depredations, often attended with acts of extreme cruelty. The Royalist party (or the King of Spain's Authorities) have neither equal means nor sufficient energies to suppress the practices of these daring marauders : 2 Spanish cor vettes, 2 brigs of war, and a schooner of 10 guns and 70 men, un der the command of Admiral Tregan, were lying at the Ha vannah ; but suck had been the dastardly conduct of the Com mander of the schooner, that he had just ran away from a small priate vessel, having no carriage guns, and only 20 men in her, at the very mouth of Havannah harbour, and almost under the guns of the fort. So difficult had the navigation become, that it was almost impossible for the Jamaica merchants to trade Cuba ; and, in consequence, the Spanisn merchants were greatly . distressed ; the pirate vessels surround the island, and cut oft the trade with the neighbouring islands, and the Independent privateers) and other vessels of that denomination, intercept tke communications with the Spanish Main. The importation of specie from the Spanish Main had of late been extremely limit ed froth this cause. The Iphigenia sailed from the Havannah on the sth of Sep ember, landed specie at Sandy Hook, ,and sailed thence on the 21st. She has brought.gold dust and ivory from_the coast of Africa; and cochineal from Jamaica, to the value of 100,000 dollars. She would have gone into Portsmouth harbour on Saturday had the wind moderated, for the purpose of being re fitted for the Comm&lore to return to his interesting' and im, portant command at the 'proper season. The Iphigenia lost, during her presentcruise, Messrs. Buller, Hamley, and Good, Midshipmen ; but,As a remedy to the deleterious influence of that climate; we are not Without hopes that a more salubrious station will be fixed upon' for the ships—at Fernando-Po, a most pleasant island, at a healthy distance from the main land, and more contiguous to the scene of embarkation of the slaves. .We.are sorry to. hear" that the Scout, 18, Capt. which was left at the Havanna, had Jost Lieut. Mills, - two Midshipmen, and thiity-eight men, by fever. ' '• The Conway, 26, Capt. B. Hall, sailed from Sari Blass on the 26th of June, for England. The Glasgow sailed from Trin comalee June 17, for Calcutta. The Prince of Wales, 93, has been taken into Dock to be surveyed, and if found in a good state, will be reduced to a two-decked ship. The Forte frigate, Capt. Sir Thomas Cochrane, having been refitted at Spithead, is now ready for sea, and expected to sail to sail in the course of a few days, to cruize in the Channel. - - At Spithead—lphigenia, FOrie—ln the Harbour—Queen Charlotte, Rathilies, Albion, Ganges, Topaze, Phaeton, Myr midon. . Messrs. J. M. Madden, J. Wilson, Roe, Greenish, and Rogan, Assistant-Surgeons, are promoted to be Surgeons of the Navy.—Eight Medical Gentlemen have been 'taken into the service as Assistant-surgeons. Captain J. W. Plumridge has been promoted to the rank of Commander. The Equinoxes have blown with considerable violence in the last week. Above 20 sail of merchant shipping came into Portsmouth from the Downs, Hozeley Bay, &c several of them with the loss of anchors and cables. These having been sup plied, and their other defects repaired, such as were outward. bound were enabled, by a change of wind, to proceed on their respective voyages on Thursday. On Wednesday the ,Russian frigate Kruizer, of 36 guns, Capt. Lazaroff, arrived at Portsmouth from Cronstadt, in in six weeks, to replenish her supplies, and wait the arrival of a store, ship, with which she will proceed to California, both vessels being destined on a visit of inspection, and to land stores, to the Russian settlements in the North Pacific Ocean. They are victualled for three years. It is expected they will sail at the latter end of ,next week, touching at Rio Janeiro. The store- j ship arrived pn Saturday. FOR THE SUN. CANADA. Mn. EDITOR—The British Settlers, thi Loyal- Isis, their Descendants, and the Mercantile Body in general, labour under many grievances and privations which the present Provincial Institytions of Lower Canada cannot redress. The present Laws and Political Constitution of this Piovince, partly from original defects, partly from the natural and necessary changes of circumstances incident to a progressive Colony,' are become totally inefficient for promoting the welfare and deve loping the commercial resources and for rendering them an use ful appendage to the British Empire. - The first grand error, destructive of the interests of commerce' and ruinous to native British Subjects, Loyalists,' and other Settlers, was committed in re-establishing the Canadian Civil Laws, by the Quebec Act, hastily passed in the year 1774, after the Province had re mained ten years under English Laws and Rules of Proce dure adapted to its Colonial situation. The said Quebec Act, at the present day, can only be understood and- defended as a measure of political experiment, preparatory to the commence ment of strong measures of coercion in. some of the old Colo nies; and, on the return of peace, his late Majesty's Govern. ment might have safely repealed the same, in-compliance with the urgent representations of the British-born Subjects, Loyal ists and Commercial men, throughout the Province. Instead of listening to those Representations, and, contrary to the opi nion of the late Mr. Fox and of some of the ablest Statesmen of the age, the Ministry for the' time being, in the year 1791, adopted the partial, inadequate and temporising measure of dividing the said Province of Quebec, into the present Pro vinces of Lower and Upper Canada, leaving to Lower Canada the possession of both banks of the Saint LawrenCe to a great extent aliove the City of Quebec, and.a dangeious influence Over the commerce of Upper Canada by the right of levying diities at the said City the only port Of entry from the sea, upon all goods imported for the common consumption of both Pro vinces. The inhabitants of Upper Canada, being chiefly- native Britons and 'Loyalists, established the English Civil Laws, Rules of Evidence and Forms of Procedure, thus securing to that Province, the essential characteristics of a British Colony, whose Laws, Manners, .apd Language should 14e assimilated to those of the parent state, as far as circumstances tnay„per mit ; and it is owing to the energy and spirit produded by tuose characteristics, that Upper Canada has been enabled to struggle' so long under the growing embarrassments and disadvantages arising directly or indirectly from the measure of division al ready mentioned.., The Lower Province not being relieved by the Constitution : al Act of 1791, .from the old Canadian Civil Law, founded upon the Gothic and anti-commercial etistom of Paris ( Coutrime de Paris ),being likewise chiefly inhabited. by French Canadians, ignorant and imbued with antiquated notions and prejudices, was not in a fit situation to derive be nefit from the Legislative Constitution bestowed upon it; and those disadvantages .were aggravated .by an injudicious divi sion of the Lower Province into counties, without regard to -territorial extent, or to the formation of new Settlements,- the Representation being entirely regulated according to the actual population which then occupied lands held under the feudal tenure, so that the new townships held in fee and com mon soccage remain without a voice in the formation of those laws and statutes which bind them in all bases whatsoever.— The almost universal suffrage introduced by the present Con stitution, and the want of any restrictive qualification as to property or education in the persons eligible to serve as Mem bers of Assembly, destroy every rational hope of obtaining in telligent Representatives from Constituents, who are chiefly ignorant husbandman, resembling the Norman cultivators in the age of Louis the Fourteenth. During a few years, while some sanguine and most active _British capitalists exerted that influence which money and commercial favour could produce ,upon the mass of the ignorant population, a few Members, friendly to the commercial and British interest, were chosen ; but in proportion to the extension of population and wealth has been the increase of the pretensions and of the power of the French Canadians ; and, notwithstanding great efforts, renewed at- intervals; the English' and commercial minority has gra dually dwindled to insignificancy, exhibiting in a late Session of the Provincial Parliament, the extraordinary circumstance of the Provincial Administration being supported in its mea sures by only three Members, out of the fifty which compose that branch .of the Provincial Legislature. But those essential errors in the organization of this Government have naturally , produced other bad consequences. For the House of ASsembly having thus become the organ of the most ignorant and preju- - diced part of this foreign population, has fallen into the hatred and contempt of the British settlers, loyalists, and - commercial men. That body neither represents the property, the territo rial extent, the varied population nor the dirterent interests of the country, which is thus virtually deprived of every solid ad vantage ascribed to the labours of the popular branch of a mixed Government. It is owing to this state of affairs that respect able individuals feel great reluctance to apply.to'such a body for the redress of grievances; that the public money is wasted, and that official crimes go unpunished in Lower Canada: — When the present Constitution came into operation, some indi viduals expected that a spirit of loyal gratitude, and a sense of public utility would have induced the French Canadian majo rity to acquiese in modifying the old Canadian Laws, and in facilitating the removal of feudal burthens oppressive to com merce ; but no such disposition has any time been displayed ; and, on the contrary, we lately witnessed a bold attempt, on the part of the House of Assembly, to extend the feudal tenure to a considerable part of the ungranted lands of the Crown, es tablishing therein, according to the Act of 1774, the old Cana dian Laws ;' and, during thirty years, commercial men have been engaged in unavailing efforts to obtain from this anti-com mercial branch of the Provincial Legislature various salutary laws and regulations, particularly a Bankrupt Law and a Law for the establishment of Register Offices; for the enrolment of all conveyances of real estate and of all buithens thereon, being measures essentially necessary to render commerce a safe and honourable porsuit in Canada. Among the burthens of the feudal tenure, the following are most oppressive to commerce : the Seignorial Claim of Lods et Ventes, or Mutation' Fines, 'being eight per cent upon the pur chase-money or exchangeable value of alt lands and - houses - en forced upon every transfer except on that of inheritance or tes tamentary bequest: Next comes the Droit de Retrait, or the right of pre-emption, enjoyed by the Seigneur over all such pro. perty as his Tenant en Roture may dispose of with the above exceptions. For the law allows to the Seigneur forty days after the presentation of the deed of transfer, to decide as to ac cepting the mutation-fine, and granting 'possession to the pro. posing tenant, or taking back the property at the price stipu lated between the contracting parties. Those feudal rights and their consequences, more particu larly in the cities and villages throughout the province are for midable bars to the improvement and circulation of property ; and, in the present state of Canadian law, the seigneur cannot, by any act of his, bind his heirs and -successors to a commuta tion of those rights for a valuable consideration. Seignorial lands are thus rendered so burthensome and disadvantageous, that wherya merchant is obliged to purchase them from persons indebted to him, he Is quickly driven to sell them - again at a great sacrifice; and thus two payments of mutation fines to the seigneur sometimes take place in a few months. - .To those burthensome vexations, and humiliating claims of the seigneur, may=be added burthens by mortgage; for, in Lower Canada, fixed property or real estate is secretly mort gaged to different individuals, as often as the necessities or the boldness of the proprietor may prompt to such courses, which, however fraudulent, , has not been declared criminal or punish able by the law of Canada.. He has only to go from one notary and his_ colleague to another 'faithful pair throughout. Via ex tensive province, in order to continue for many years this spe cies of swindling ; for there is no register-office, nor does the law compel the notaries to lodge copies of their 'professional acts with any of the provincial authorities for the 'information of the- public. Snell, in a word, 'is the hardship of the Most honourable holder of real estate in Lower Canada; that he can only prove his property to be unburthened and grant a tolerably safe title to a purchaser, by bringing it to a Sheriff's sale by a friendly law-suit, which process is very frequent in the said province. But a review of the Journals of the Provincial House of Assembly would furnish many proofs of the anti-commercial spirit early exhibited 'by that body. Thus, contrary to the in terest of the Parent State, and to the practice of the other Co lonies, the importation of goods, not excepting British manu factures, into Canada, has been burthened with duties to defray the expence of building Court-houses, gaols, and local esta blishments, supported elsewhere by county rates. By similar taxes on commerce, and under pretence of improving the inter nal communications of the province, monies have been lavished upon the lands of a few individuals, who obtained the appoint ment of Commissioners, by assuming the appearance of men of influence, or by otherwise deceiving or even intimidating the Executive Branch of the Provisional Government. Under the present Constitution, which imprudently lavished political power upon an ignorant and prejudiced population, this Province has made -no adequate progress in agriculture ; and the bad cultivation of the soil, and the want of improve.. ment of internal communications by land and by water, have hitherto prevented commercial men from furnishing that abundant supply of provisions to the British West Indies, which, with the assistance of Upper Canada and Nova Scotia, would have rendered those Islands independent of the United States for essential articles of subsistence. In fine, the consequences of original errors have been so long neglected, and such a state of things has gradually arisen un der the present ill-balanced Constitution, that all. the rest of the population may be truly described as sacrificed to the Gothic 00 1 , ~ p b ir t ie )o n n d o i cf e sa o f f e a w n ignorant majority, demagoguesor, taostsiulipe rag e i te t rz i dee d l avisrrneutiondhgseter intruders, towtwhi with all spoil,c t oh 'a ma v te ou i nt r sodu anxietya p i lla g e en tune, niie r e e tk r tec e s e ; riint:ittli. t om' A',. „„,iwr ily Majesty's loyal, industrious, and enterprising Labouring under such complicated ff n r g i g ic a e ri s a w tr ill ard Y t o , lil l' part of the population of Lower , Canada look for the r r eventual passing of the Bill, lately introduced C an ada, Parliament,, for the Union of Lower and Vl'P er _,;', - 3 (ly ' l6 l m cpono e r as teilio u ni r a e toe w fth o ß u arr l i d usw s elh tri fa k sre e en a twi t mi t t h he e ntth r , o e o ipen t toeuirm.f. tlan:nencet:inilia:aires,sctis:deasso: by throwing into the popular branch of the LeT ent erri' e ' might insure the prosperity and happiness ef the of t i ic tish Empire. Montreal, Sept. 1, 1822. ERRATA.—In the Letter on CURRENCY, Thursday last, line principal ead s e 4 o , m fo p r arative—l i n r e ca 7 d 6 P: i l . o n r e ' r o, ,, ,, , e c r te vi d e r sJ , read overweighted—line 90, for effected read ! 11 " ti, t 4, 115, for subjects read renders.-2d column, I'l l ! o r or norable minded read honorably-minded —line of tage read disadvantage. in P efe°l ' 4 In the Letter in our Paper of Saturclay,cof Bishop BURNET and the Bi s h o p of Win ell s p te 'r •s• paragraph, line 11, for . th ere fore read becau s- ; subject wil: be continued in THE SUN to-niorro PRICE OF STOCKS Tills DAY AT ONE OCLOCK• Lndia Stock '''''''''''''''''''' India Bonds to ok •• South Sea Stock .... Old Annuities .. ............ Ex.' Bills ........ , ........... Ditto Small . .......... Ec India o u n n s k . for tfob rr Lont, c c I . A . n . c.t.c. Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Red. 8151 3 per Cent. Cons. 8244 31 per Cent 4i 4 per Cent. Old 99 1 New 1022 5 per Cents: 1797 Bank Long An.:2o 11 - -I6tha9 Imp. 3 per Cents. 3) —.IP-- , in s, OC 1 " PRICE OF.FOREIGN STOCKS IN IJOl sim- J)..l' ONE O'CLOCK• ' • Five per Cents. 94 i• Stx per Cents. 82. 84 Russian 1 Neapolitan Five per Cents. (Metal li c) • Ditto New 90. F sc iv ri e p r u Cent. Bonds, a { Austrian Five pe r Cents. ( M eta llic) — ' Five per Cent. Bonds, 86 : 1 * Spanish New Ditto, 73. Scrip, 5/ premium. , Prussian j Five per Cent. Bonds, 89 - §! t Ditto New, 90. .. Ai { NO F i le v dw e B p L e o r onad C sn :, n Bo : o4. B . onasi ng v" Chili 88. Peruvian CDoalnoishinbian Six per Cent. Bonds, P''' Ditto Scrip, 961. Bank Shares 121 Ios.. American Six per Cent. 92-96:1. Five per Cent. 963. Three per Cent. 651. 'French ..v . .-4.-.... i'• cr• ' PRICE OF IRISH STOCK, Oc 1 , 4l'' n ati Bank Stock 250,5 Grand Canal *--,. c ot , ' Gov. Deb. 3A per cent 94 - folio 3 P e ' ••.'" , I —__. i ~.,4...... ~ Stock, 3i per ct 9l i —DittoSty, k ~....1, / Gov. Deb. 4 per cent Royal: Canal stoc , , fla c , ...... Gni. Deb. 5 per cent - Wride-streek Cert. ° , l :4 e c." , --Stock, 5 per cent 1i Do. Deb. with G° per 0 : ." Treasury Bills, 5 per cent — Pipe Water PO! „ et cc, 9 " City Debentures, 5 per Do. ............ ur t . '''''," .: (..as cent. Lying in Hospital 4 per c t. 5 per cent. .. i Exchange on London, Oct. 1 6, liv of' 0 0 6 " -• rr.3 l .tter 4 BRIDGE - -- ::: 7_ ,...., >,. no Evening, 50 nu HIGH WATER AT LONDO Morning, 25 minutes after 6. THE 1 S'2'3. ed c tone Ths N SOLEM QUIS DICERE PALS.- _:11 LONDON) MONDAY, OCTOBER 211 We received this mor ning the Par' s of Thursday and Friday. Tile follow" re extracts : with a fit of atni came from there, he t . hrew al an l y h Le is AUGSBURG OCT. bads CT. 10.—An English IllessFriger !„ ki g t " sent from London to Vienna w i t h Dispatches sis svc — oe' t the Postillion to return to Schanibacb, whe re 0 1 He ordered iosanity, on the road between Ilatishon 3n4 he list ese rl He obeyed his orders. On the messenger 0 ,„ or verseall i p t t a e r r e s os an a d nd Packets, disp atc:esva s i risiutidl tie :1104: posite to ed all th th!post:office. The Post-master at Sehitinbselll::h 0 maniac was.to conduct him under the care of a proper F ell" ) o....4 a n nd th s e e s n i t tt th in e gs m o i c e s t t iero ,,e Pri c iP , him to Vienna.— Oc OCTOBER 1 (Gazette d'Augsborg' 9 ;r oll Aix-r. a A- LA OCT. 14.—Accoring to letter t l O to , Brody, Russian army of 80,000 men is nest this s pring 0 0' will remain icia' on its way to Italy. It is saicl that , f or army whichin Daly, and that Baron Friniont and the /01,i'iitsr, is there will then have another an JOre destination.-(Journal iu tion.—(Journad de Paris.) in the cs3l tl Cortes, Senor CAI,Toa ARGUELLES, delivered a lung ',,,a:e which lasted one . one hour and a half. The entire w ss A 1 against Fran o f trance. —(/bid.) seP FRANEFORT, /Lie AT , t i l t OCT. 12.—M. Acittyr.r. P .— it i r on' Murat, ex-king o f x v......,__ ...4 03 . Naples, has obtained a r 'ca '' 4 s Government, for the United States of A - . t ot I' MADRID, OCT. 10.—General PEPE says publicli, • gioa ,it has i been authorised by the Go vernment to raise ° be a l itl ..../ j o e ttoria, to be composed of foreigners o nly'• i Debats.) o e at l h . o o O k n the th --.... r ? to preserve and maintain the Co o, stitution, ' in the presence of the Si'vereignores st instant the K 1 0, con' gress,offi and of the Council of State, the twee' previously taken the oath. T.le cers, the Nobility and the corps I:2iPicrilltelig W I more imposing than this august I P res i dent and MeMbers of the Cc id r /e 01 1,- Notbil i g c o bic li cereLe °' " l/ i o rs o f concluded the labours of the Feg ene noy $5 Portugal. The whole manner of 'th e l ' s ` 0 0 , well as the language of the WO. p n e f coU/Iclooleol hisMonileur MAJESTY'S sincerity in ratifying the compact between himself and the nati°D. . ' cle g o 0 0 coo tainS ater from Warsaw, he Arlo/ part of the Russian Army, called the it : of the West,which was tO WO re ifea that the winter bad rece ~ the interior of the E m pire/ the P °sl orders, on the contrary, to preserve . r ad f r ootte I Lions which it occupied' on the ' which states that he A rl°l ato i"- • 5 46 the gv e , quarters assigoe , _ rr ooP 4 3 the of the South were much Tr / ro ilea' could •D e ' being so disposed, that they ' co lt th e if i t this tr, ; ' 4 )1: Ili' C4l