The Sun. — London, England, 1847-06-15 00:00:00

the troops of the Junta presented in this respect a masked contrast to such reval•ing psoepedings. This w a s verified by a, Fn.r!i.:h res:4-nt in On irto. wl , o wrote to bins that a singe th etossehfere in London was more confes dan 1 excited than the whale Op ,rt, --(Fleur.) Aft: ran attentive vie se therefore (.f all the circum stances connected wi h the revolution, he thought the conduct of the Portuguese Governor: rat jestified, if any thing could justify, the rising of the people.—(Hear, hear.) Their acts had been of the most despotic and arbitrary nature, and he placed no reliance whatever on the promises which had been made by them, or the in tervention of the English Government.—(Hear, hear.) He believed that this interference would not produce the results anticipated, and he considered that the result would be most disastrous not only to those on whose behalf they interfered, but also to British interests. It was impossible to undo the past, but the Com mons of England could repudiate the precedent, and place the stamp of their reprobation on the whole pro ceedings which had taken place. He trusted the House would pronounce that opinion, and would let the world see, that however the Government might be disposed to intermeddle in the affairs of foreign countries, the people of his country did not concur with them, and were of opinion that the present intervention was unjust, uncon stautional, and contrary to the principles of interne tienal law. —(lmmense cheering.) Mr. T. DUNCOMBE said, in rising to move the amendment, of which he had given notice in the early part of the evening, he could not help expressing his regret that the House was not treated earlier in the session with some of those expressions of attachment to constitutional freedom which hal just been heard from lion. Gentlemen on the other side of the House. because if his memory did not fail him, he thought he recol lected, some time ago, these same Hon. Gentlemen pro posed that the public thanks should be offered to the Emperor of Russia, the Emperor of Austria, and the Emperor of Prussia. for extinguishing the liberties and independence of Cracow —(Hear, bear.) Now he could n-t help thinking, recollecting these things, that there eras some secret, something more than met the eye, in the support, Hon. Gentlemen opposite, were about to give to the motion of his Hon. Friend the Member for Montrose. He could not help thinking, relying, of course. upon the well-known consistency of the protec ti.mists—(A laugh)—that they were now going to stand up for the cause of absolutism. Whatever might be the opinion of this House with regard to the motion of his Hon. Friend the Member for Montrose, he thought no one there would deny that the question his Hon. Friend had brought under their consideration was one which deserved the calm deliberation of the House. and the House would have neglected its duty had it made light of it.—(llear, hear.) And, in discussing it, whatever might be the views of those who opposed or supported 2 7 , he thought there was one principle and one object which ought to be kept before them. Now that this intervention had taken place, whether they approved of it or not, they ought now to have but one object in view. tamely, to secure to the Portuguese people who had justl‘ . in defence of their constitutional rights, all the advantages and all the benefits that the intervention scan possibly afford to them.—(Hear, hear.) It was with 'hat view that he proposed to move the amendmentfetr of which he had given notice. He confessed, peros'ng the papers t hat had been laid before that Souse _afros' having heard the speech of the Noble Lord a t the head of the Government in explanation of these papers-- that he had come to a very different conclusion from that which he had originally intended when he first heard of this interference with the rights and domestic concerns of the Portuguese people. In these papers and in that explanation he found a determination and a decided wish on the part of the Government to respect and protect the rights and liberties of the Portu guese people. Ha thought there was sufficient evidence in the documents that hail been laid before them to prove that Government had hail a difficult task to per form, and even now they stocd abused by both parties— abused by the Queen's party, and abused by the Junta. It had been urged, in justification of this interference, that had her Majesty's Government not interposed Spell! would. Now he thought that was no justification what ever, for be maintained that every claim to intervention on the part of this country ought to stand upon its own merits. They ought not t be induced to commit a wrong because it was anticipated that another country was about to do the same ; but when they did interfere, they ought always to stand upon the justice of 'he case calling for the interference. Such was the conduct of the British Government in 1326. when Mr. Canning was at the hsad of affairs. What was the lan guage of Mr. Canning in 1826, when Portugal was threatened with a foreign invasion. Mr. Canning came dawn to Parliament and asked for its approbation and concurrence to the course he was about to take. The speech NIT-. Canning made on that occa - inn was almost the only one he (Mr. Duneornhe) had ever heard in Parliament, and he confessed he recollected it even now ^5O great an impression did it make upon his mind at the time. Mr. Canning, in concluding his address, told the House of Commons that he was going to plant the standard of England on the heights of Lisbon, and where that was planted foreign dominion should never come.—(Hear.) Depend noon it then that they ought not to do wrong because others were about to do it; but they ought rather only to interfere where reason and justice called f , r it. Now, wish regard to the motion of his Eon. Friend the Member for Montrose, to which he proposed to move an amendment after reading the papers, he did not agree with the conclusion his Hon. F:iend had come to. He did not think that the result or this intervention will prove mischievous, or danger ous to the liberties of Portneal. He appreciated the difficulties that Government had had to contend with, they were abused by the Cabralist party, whose conduct had 1 -, rought about the revolution and disaffection of the people, for not promoting the came of absolutism, and they were abuse:l by the Junta and the people for op pesine their interests. Now, had her Majesty's Govern ment borne in view the principle of protecting the constitutional rights and freedom of the Portuguese people? That was just the question for them to con sider, and it was the greed aim and object her Majesty's Government ought to have in view. The people had been off-red terms it was true, but there was no guarantee given that these terms should be strictly carried out. The people did riot object to the terms, arid therefore, he for one said let the offer be repeated by the two powers who had interfered in conjunction with the expression of' opinion in declaration of the House of Commons, to see them strictly and faithfully performed. It was with that view that he should move the amendment he was about to bring forward. It was done to the people who had risen in defence of their constitutional rights ; and who was that people, let him ask ? They were not persons who delighted in getting I up revolutions, because they served their own interests —they ware not Sans-culottes, but the nobles and wealthy landed proprietors of the country.—(Hear.) These parties being now the prisoners of war to this country, it was the duty of the House and of the country cordially to accede to the resolution which he was about to propose, and thereby obtain for itself the gratitude and thanks of the Portuguese nation. He would, there. fore, move the amendment of which he had previously given notice. se Mr. MACAULA.Y, in rising to second the motion, said—Sir, I have beard with great pleasure the amend meat proposed by my Hon. Friend—(Loud and pro tracted cheering) —and I beg to assure my Hon. Friend that in that amendment is sot forth the principles which have guided, and which will continue to guide the con duct of her Majesty's Ministers. They feel, Sir, that whenever a Government is unfortunately compelled to depart from the general rule which prescribes the abstinence of all interference with the internal concerns of foreign nations, that it takes upon itself a duty, of which it cannot afterwards divest itself, until the principles of the amendment of say Hen. Friend have been fully carried out. It is with the rill conviction of these circumstances that her Ma jesty's Ministers determined to interfere in the affairs of Portugal, and they will continue to act upon those principles which have hitherto guided their conduct, sad I see with the greatest pleasure that my Honourable Friend and other Honourable Mem : here who, like him, looked on at first with jealousy upon the course pursued by the Govern _ tent have since upon an examination of the whole of c z the circumstances round reason to change their opinions upon the subject. lam not surprised, Sir, that such jealousy was entertained by Hers. Members.—(Hear, hear.) There can be no doubt that the rule which con demn; interference in the affairs of foreign nations is a sound general principle, and that upon the Minister who shall depart from such a rule e must rest the burden and the proof of his case. There can be no doubt that the Minister, be he who he may, who shall so depart from this general principle, is hound to make out his case to the satisfaction of the House and the country. In the present case, it must be acknowledged, (and there are circumstances which must be taken into consideration,) that there can be .. no doubt, and it was what, so far from wishing to conceal, the Government thought it an impor t• tent part of their case—(Hear, hear)—there can be no doubt that the throne of Portugal had long been surrounded by evil councillors. There can be no doubt that most violent and unconstitutional measures had been resorted to by the existing Government. There can be no doubt that there were many acts committed, which I feel compelled to designate as a disgrace to the Government. There eau be no doubt that the people of 8 urat u ttal were justified in resting upon the distinct as - that of the Government, and I cannot wonder persons looking on with dislike on the interferenc e in .., should look with peculiar internal concerns of foreign nations, inter •f• erence in the affairs of jealousy upon the first irs of Portugal, more especially when, _, at the first sight, the ob . Government which had e ject ' seen " to be to rescue the the peril which was the faults, and from n u a m turai tte e d o great All this I admit ; yet, in adtuittirrnce.—(Cheers.) this, I am con vinced that the Government, in admitting all . they have don, , , have chosen the lesser of th4s tfvonueests sr that such a _.mse as this, it was absolutely ; and in a choice should be made between two sir, the rolations of Portugal with thin existing evils. , 5 .. , C to itle-ing "ri -int , that Portugal was disturbed la cunt/ try- —COD 51—C1 ~, ._b y a civil war—and consli.leriog that other persons felt a stron g inclination to interfere in its internal concerns, I hold it to be clear that no course whatever could be abso lutely and entirely free from 1 .1-:k and danger to the British G overnmen t. But cases simil ar in principle to this frequently occur, both in publ ic and p rivate life; tha experience of the trader. the merchant, and, above all, the medical man, will tell them that they are often placed in positions and situations in which they must act, and is which every course has its risks and its inconve niences. At is, I contend, no fair way of reason in g to d' • ii. ,,, !, Ar ,exaggerate , the risks and inconve - f- ifets• .. 4,7,.1ar course which has been taken. ' ~ -44.•.rlati-tie;igerr such a cour s e, under those drama -4 ,tx • . - .... . Axi,..acifitid,.,except the person who condemns '. •• •,i:-,,. , 4 ' 4 1 41 ira4Ais own line of conduct, and shows 4.1 es i hitetelhelisons for believing that his line of ', LT„ 4 .,. t; ~.. :, Stoma au , ben less hazardous, and attended 73 ' i'tic virnience than the one which he re- 1 \ pr , ,f. ... ',litoccao'ber, too, that in defending what n rl A ) - 4 ,. 1-"' Tll E SU N, has been done, the speaker always speaks at a great disa'lvantasre. because he has to compare ineonve niences which have been f 1‘ against a course wh ch has not been taken arid the -equences of wlich yeti ''id not feel. Your ii , eof conduct is a mere usat.er of dis quisition and specalatien. and its advocates may even deny that any risk at all sttaehes to it. Under these circumstances, I think that the Government is fully en titled to call upon every Honourable Alember— not to lay merely before the House, or dwell at length upon those inconveniences which are admitted by ourselves, and which are inseparable, from the course which has been adopted, but also to lay before the House the plan and the policy which should entirely and distinctly avoid these risks and inconveniences. My argument rests upon the particular relations between England and Portugal. With any other powers no such question as the present could possibly occur. There are other States to which we wish well, but supposing a similar state of internal confusion to arise, for in stance in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies or in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, we might probably send a force to the Bay of Naples, or to Leghorn, in order to protect the lives and property of English subjects, but interference like that which has taken place in Portugal would have been a matter of discussion to Ministers or to this House. Our relation with Portugal is one without a parallel in the history of European politics, nay, without a parallel in the history of the whole world. I do not know any thing which ever struck me more than when we called for the collection of the treaties between this country and Portugal, for, seeing them begin with the days of the Black Prince, and bearing date in the year 1373, not produced for the mere pur pose of gratifying an antiquarian curiosity, but for the purpose of ascertaining the nature of their treaties; looking to the earliest of them dated in the 14th cen tury, there is one thing which it seems almost impossible not to be struck with. It seems that those who framed these early treaties had some sanguine presentiment of the relations which they would oontinue to maintain with this country. One of the stipulations was, that England was to furnish " archers, good men and true," to Portugal. It is rather singular that a similar clause is still in existence in the present t. eaty to that which existed in the fourteenth century. There is an analogy between the manner in which the treaties were observed in the fourteenth century, and in which they are observed down even to the nineteenth century. It is the most singular thing I ever saw. I dare say that the Noble Lord opposite, who has made it his delight to study the records of medieval times, and the history of chivalry, will remember that Froissart gives an account of the embassy who, in the year 1441, called on the King of this country for assistance against the Castillians. The description which he gives of John of Gaunt and the Duke of Lancaster standing beside the throne of King Richard the Second, while the Ambassadors in their robes stated the case of their master the King of Portugal, and craved the assistance of the King of England, whom he makes reply—" He is our friend, and the foe of our foes, ha asks what is just, and he shall have what he asks;" and then 500 archers and 500 men at arms were sent off to Portugal, just in the samemanner as in the present case. Then again, in the year 1826, a requisition was sent from Portugal in our own day, praying us to protect the same country from the same risks, and from the same enemy. Such an unbroken alliance for a period of 500 years is unparalleled in the history of the world. It was a strong remark made by Canning, " that all treaties made between this country and Portugal had a character not exactly dip lsmatic, that there was a force and fervour belonging to them which made them appear almost romantic in com parison with the treaties of other States." By virtue of these treaties we found ourselves compelled "to defend Portugal against all men." In the year 1661, the treaty set forth " that we should take the interest of Portugal to heart as the interest of England." la the year 1703 all the former arrangements were e , ,nfirmed, and there is a stipulation in the present contract to the same effect. There may be some parsons who may think it inexpedient for this country to force circumstances of this sort. Upon that subject, however, I think very differently. I think that the services we have rendered to Portugal, have been de served on her part throughout the whole of that fearful struggle. In the reign of Queen Anne, Portugal continued trite to her engagements. When we had France and Spain against us, when they joined in insisting upon Portugal that she should join them for the purpose of resisting " the Tyrant of the Sea," Portugal constantly refused—its capital was lying in ruins—its King had scarcely a place upon which to lay his head—a Spanish army was invading his territory, and spreading abroad the ravages and horrors of war ; vet Portugal remained steadfast to her ally, and true to the spirit of her treaties. In the last war, the noble house of Braganta preferred exile across the Atlantic to breaking faith with her ancient ally. In the last great European conflict, Por tugal was the spot where you took your stand, where you fought the battles of your own country. Never was any thing more true than the statement of that ereat Gene ral, in one of those remarkable papers which, even store than his battles, will hand down his glories I 0 posterity, "that the question was between the defence of Portugal and the invasion of England."— (Cheers.) Portugal suffered for us, and it was the de vastation of that country which enabled us to cultivate our fields, and our manufactures to supply the markets of the world. It was the lines of Torres Vedras that protected against spoliation and massacre a larger, a richer, and a prouder capital than Lisbon itself. When the great struggle ended you find those two nations still more en deared to each other, and you have the old engagements solemnly entered into in the settlement of Europe in the year 1815. In consequence of this agreement you sent. in the year 1826, assistance against the supposed designs f France and Spain. Again, in the year 1834, when pretenders for the crowns of Spain and Portugal having a co'ninon interest, and almost the same parties, you came forward to aid them in their conflict. England inter fered, and became a party to the quadruple alliance; the preamble of that alliance set forth expressly the grounds of the treaty, and the solemn alliances entered into be tween this country and Portugal for so long a period. It might be said that the Queen was held in a state of tutelage. Nevertheless, though trade was stopped, and English interests were endangered, the principle of non interference was never put forward more strongly than when the question became international and the Go vernment first interfered. In the case of France the principle acted upon by the British Government had been adopted. It was quite clear that Spain meditated an interference. This was evident from the letter of Mr. Bulwer. It was perfectly clear that an armed interven tion was at that time contemplated by the Spanish Go vernment. After having endeavoured to arrange the question, without interference, what were they to do? lie thought that a course of non-interference would be a disgrace to this country, and an abdication of that influ ence which they were supposed to possess in Portugal. I say that man would have incurred a great, an im mense responsibility, who would have acted thus, be cause he would not, unlikely, have set the first spark to the mass of combustible matter which may soon blaze out into one vast conflagration. Nothing would have been easier than to have caused an European war ; but whether that war may take place in 1850, 1860, or 1870, is a problem which is beyond the solution of the wisest man.—(Hear, hear.) I say, therefore, that unless you can show that we have done all this, have done some thing so pernicious, something likely to incur the out break of an European war, you must be with us. Now what are the circumstances ? and I think the Hon. Gentleman, the Member for Finsbury, has treated them a little more slightly than I think he should have done. I mean the question of war ; but I quite agree with him in this. I would not, for example, have given up to the Queen the head of a single Member of the Junta, to avoid war with the whole of the countries of Europe.— (Loud and vehement cheerin g .) I would say as Fox said, who was the great advocate of peace, when his p licy was accused as likely to prove dangerous to the Bourbons on that occasion, my Friend Mr. Fox said "I always looked upon the Bourbons as a bad family, but rather than injure the poorest Bourbon, or violate the right of hospitality, I would go to war with the whole of Europe,"—(Cheers.) And,'undoubtedly, I recommend no hostile, no unjust cause ; but I say it was desirable to make any sacrifice which should be just, hussars, and favourable to the liberties of Portugal ; and by doing so avoid the too great degradation of the mo narchy, than to give her up to the absolute disposal of Spain, and to risk the danger of an European war. Then what was the course we adopted t Take the protocol in which provision is made that all arbitrary decrees would be revoked, especially on those who had raised arms against the Queen ; but let me tell you that if you had heard how hard we had to fight for the amnesty; and if you draw inferences unfavourable to the Government for having struggled so long about those terms, I think also you ought to be of opinion that if they did not agree, it would have been impossible to carry them out without adopting the course we have. But observe those to whom these terms were offered, said—" Well, as we are to have no capital punishments, let us have some security that those who have rendered themselves objectionable to the Queen, shall not be sent out of the country." He replied, " They shall not be sent to Africa, they shall not even be sent to France, they shall not be sent to Paris, they shall not be sent one mile from the territory of Portugual—not even 18, 16, not even 12—not one mile from their country." These were the terms to which we adhered to the last. —(Wear, hear.) Those who oppose the Government should bear in mind that in order to prevent any hardships the Government made it expressly understood that they would not consent to the banishment of one member of the Junta to Paris for six months. Then with respect to the amnesty, I think our case is complete. Our second article is that all the conditions we had stipulated should be received and made law ; the fourth that no member of the party, which had rendered himself objectionable, should form a part of the Queen's Govern ment. Mr. CHRISTIE—What guarantee had you that th se conditions should be carried out I' Mr. MACAULAY—How were we to guarantee cora- Iliance with tli,se conditions. I cannot easily believe that we should have encountered more difficulties than belong to all such questions as these. The best guarantee that we c ou ld h ave was this—that if, instead of observing the agreement, it had been broken either by the Queen of Portugal or her subjects, we, with the aid of France and Spain, had the most undoubted power to compel the uh,ervation of the conditions.—(Loud cheers.) I think this is a sufficient justificatio n of the course of the Go vernment. There is a circumstance on which I think some misrepresentation has taken place, and to which I wish to put an end—it is just to my colleagues that I should do so, and just to those to whom they trusted the carrying out their orders. Ido not thinkthink fine to send a proper notice t o the officers at "-,-, hich they intend e d to pursue. I ven if they had been gu il ty of the charge, that it would have justified the censu res con of the Hon. Gentleman the Memb er dOopnorottothofintkhe that course , con tained in the motion for Montrose ; but I think it is the duty of the Govern- •r ~. L WO ON, TUESDAY MORN .N&, JUNE 15, 1847. ment to clear from unmerited charge those who have served them faithfully. It hae bFt n stated that not ntice w.s given to the Junta of the course which the com inerider of the sqteetroit inti Tided to take previous to his taking it ; but I think no one einivereant with the cir- Cu i.siatices can atlii tu that that was se. (The Ilan. Gentleman (hen read th • It !ter of Mr. Roffe, of the 23d of May, t•i she Secretary of Fereign Affairs to the Juete. stating that if any of the vessels of the Junta attempted to go into the Douro, that they would be stopped by the British forces.) Under these circumstances, I defy any person to say that a full and fair notice was not given. And now I have nothing to add but to thank the House for the patience with which it has listened to me, and to the statements I have made.—(Hear, hear.) I sum up our case satisfactorily, as I think thus:—l say that it was utterly impossible for us, intimately connected as we are with Portugal, to observe the rule of non-inter ference, from the moment that the intervention of Spain and France was sought by Portugal ; if we had not interfered, and suffered them to interfere, we should have lowered England in the whole scale of nations. If we had not interfered, but instead declared that we would go to war if they had interfered; we should have taken upon ourselves the terrific responsibility of bringing upon Europe a general war: nothing remained for us but to a lopt the course we did. I defy any person to read the art!cles set forth in the protocol, and to say that we have not acted as it become us to act in such an emergency. There were three courses open to us, the one almost incompatible with the other—there was was have the adopted peace that h a t the dignity of E ng l an d , the liberty of Portugal, waned believe there we of cou E r s u e which i Europe Pand s likely to promote the welfare of all. If our policy is a right one, there will be little difference of opinion as to the manner in which it has been carried into execution, but it will scarcely be denied that the course which we have adopted will end as we have anticipated, and that it was sufficiently well chosen; and we can only regret, if you think the interference to which we were compelled to re sort, does bring upon us the eensure contained in the motion which the Hon. Gentleman has submitted to the House, I can only add, that our own consciences acquit us, and that we hope that that vote will acquit us of having in this most difficult, embarrassing matter, failed in any part of our duty to England, to Portugal, or to wards the whole world.—(The Right Hon. Gentleman resumed his seat amidst loud cheers. Lord GEORGE BENTINCK said he trusted every Member in that House would sincerely believe the state ment of the Bight Hon. Gentleman who had just sat down. He had heard with considerable satisfaction that his Hon. Friend the Member for Finsbury had come to the rescue of the Government with an amendment to the motion of the Hon. Gentleman the Member for Montrose. He was sure her Majesty's Ministers must have been highly delighted that the Hon. and Gallant Gentleman the Memberfor Finsbury, who was pleased in the course of his speech, to make certain remarks upon those who sat on his (Lord George Bentinck's) side of the House, had now left it beyond all doubt a discussion, ,that whilst he had often enough had the word " liberty" upon his lips, he was in favour of despo tism in his heart—it must have been a source of gratifi cation to them, to find that he got up to save the Mi nisters of the Queen from a vote of censure for their interference in the internal concerns of Por tugal —an interference at a moment when it was admitted by the Ministers of the Queen at Lisbon, that the interest of the Queen of Por tugal had become desperate. The Learned and Right Hon. Gentleman had referred to many passages in ancient history, but he did not refer to one which was very applicable to the present occasion—he did not refer to the fact that when Philip 11. wished to conquer Por tugal, he did so by gaining over the chiefs of the oppo site parties to mix sand with the powder of their troops. This he considered was the plan which had been adopted by her Majesty's Ministry, as exemplified in the conduct pursued by the Member for Finsbury. They found the advocate for liberty defending the Government for aiding despotism, The Hon. and Learned Member did not attempt to defend those proceedings which led to the insurrection in Portugal. He found it quite impossible to defend the principle of interference, and he conse quently appealed to the danger which would arise trom non-interference, and he appealed to the terrible responsibility which would fall upon Ministers if they risked a war, and he read a dispatch of Mr. Bul wer, of the 7th of April, following very much the ex ample of the Noble Lord, who read a dispatch of the sth of the same month, skipping very dexterously that most important one dated the 6th. Mr. Bulwer had an inter view with M. Pacheco, and stated to him distinctly that if he did interfere without the consent of England he should be prepared for most serious consequences. But M. Pacheco answered, " Oh, no, we shall do nothing without the concurrence of the English Government." Mr. Bulwer asked him, was he quite sure that such a pledge would be carried out? and M. Pacheco again, in the strongest terms, re-assured him that nothing would be clone without the full knowledge and the full consent of this country ; and that was what was contained in the dispatch of the 6th instant, to which he referred. Well, then, what becomes of the fear expressed of the interfe rence of Spain ? and he was at a lots to find through the whole of the voluminous evidence laid before them the remotest hint that France would interfere. The Right Hon. the Member for Edinburgh and the Noble Lord at the head of the Government, said that they would be very sorry to belong to any Government which would neglect the interests of Portugal. But it ap peared to htm, that in these opinions, which they held, they quite forgot the wishes or the feelings of the people. lie would like to see any treaty between the countries in which it was stipulated that England should support the Queen of Portugal against her subjects, and he thought that there was room for doubt, when they re collected that she did not posses a single acre, save that held by her troops ; and when they were aware that out of one hundred and twenty-six families of the ancient nobility, only nine were found on the side of the Queen. The Hon. and Learned Gentleman had stated to them that evening that he would have taken a very different course from that which had been adopted by the Go vernment, of which the Hon. Gentleman was a Member. How did they act in 1833, when Lord Grey was in office. Don Pedro was then de facto King of Portugal, but Spain threatened to interfere. Lord Grey stated to the Spaniards that if they interfered for Don Miguel, the British Government would take part with Donna Maria. A similar course was adopted at an earlier period, when in 1826 Mr. Canning determined to inter fere. The two cases are in point —the language of Lord Grey in 1833, respecting Don Miguel, described the very situation in which the present Queen of Portugal now found herself. Let them but transpose into that speech the name of Donna Maria for that of Don Miguel, and then show the House what guarantees they could give that the word of the Queen of Portugal would be carried out in good faith. But could they de fend the Government of the Queen as more humane, or offering more hope of humane measures than another dynasty? She ruled the country with oppression. On the estimates of the army were found 19,000 men; while on the muster roll were only 10,000 men, the surplus of the money beingdistributed among the officers, It was notorious that every office was sold, and that sanatory laws had been passed, with a view of creating 4,000 more places. The tobacco monopolies were also sold, not for twelve years as formerly, but for twenty three years ; so were the gunpowder and soap monopo lies. The elections were managed by the military=—the regiments were marched into town ; the men voted by companies ; the ballot was conducted in the view of compulsory force. A poll tax was also imposed, nomi nally for the purposes of public works, which again contributed to the ends of corruption. The public works were made the means of jobbing, and Jose Cabral made 50,0001. by contracts on these public works between Lisbon and Oporto. Such were oppressions sufficient to stir up revolutions. The people then did rise ; they took arms ; but upon the prospect being offered of having their grievances redressed, they laid their arms down, and acted in a way becoming a people deserving of constitutional government. The people were called upon, at the approach of the elections to impeach the Ministers of the Crown, who had violated their pledges. The natural course of the proceedings of the Queen was that the whole country should rise in arms. The whole country was united, not to dethrone the Queen, but to effect a change of Ministry. This was shown by the petition presented by the Junta to the Queen of Portugal, and from that document, which professed great affection for the person of the Sove reign, it could not be established that the Junta were regicides. In the conflict that took place between the Junta and the troops of her Majesty the Queen of Portugal, humanity was on the side of the for mer. There were no instances of cold-blooded murder of prisoners on their part. They certainly kept De Terceira prisoner. What bad the Queen done to show that she relented in sanctioning these violent proceedings of her troops ? But so late ago as February last, from 300 to 400 political prisoners were arrested in Lisbon, and kept incarcerated in unwholesome dungeons till within twenty days after Sir Hamilton Seymour had in timated to the Queen that he intended to interfere with the force of arms. And even then the pri soners were only set at liberty by the breaking open of the prison when seventy of them were cruelly butchered by the troops of the Queen. What security had they, then, that the Queen would be less tyrannica • lin future? and, therefore, the interference of the Government bad broken the hearts of a brave and patriotic people. It was the greatest blow, in his opi nion, that had been struck at the free Governments of Europe, while • how much better it would have been— how much more satisfactory to this country and to Por tugal it would have been, had the victorious party of the two combatants been left to name the new Adminis tration. Here the Noble Lord had told them that he in - in tended to provide for the deposing of the Cabralist party , but how were they to know all the members of that faction. The more, therefore, that he looked at, and examined the policy Government had pursued towards Portugal, the more was he convinced of its injustice and its folly. They had taken a step lately at variance with all they had done for the last thirty years— atleast for the last twenty- seven. For that space of time they hail diligently endeavoured to carry out the principle of non interference. f e How differently did the Duke of Welling ton act in the case of Charles X. Why, by the very return of post, he acknowledged the right of the he French people ; so likewise in the case of t revo lution of Belgium. They had carried out this ruling principle of non-interference. How differently also did Mr. Canning act in 1826, which had been Government, so often re ferred to. He felt that the conduct of the by M_ r. contrasted sadly and solemnly with that pursued Canning, who, when he felt he had the interests Por tugal to protect, feared not what Spain or France of might do. Were they now, when the people of this country said that Spain owed them 70,000,000/ . to be brow. heated and bullied by Spain ? Why should they not hold the same language, and plant the British flag as the banner of the protection of foreign nations? Mr. BORTHWICK ex pl a i ne d, that he did not dis tinctly admit notice to have been given by Capt. Roble. Mr. HUME called the attention of Lord Palmerston to certain papers which were published, and purported to he letteri , between Sir 11. Seymour and the Conde Das Anta.;. One was dated the 20th of May, and appeared to have been delivered only on the 31s,t; Thai r 4 quired explanations, and he hoped the Noble Lord wouid gather those I, , tters togeth, r and let the House have them ‘;tficially, that they might know shat they ought to take as true . _ _ Lord PALMERSTON assured Mr. Brotherton that the Junta had notice of the intentions of our fleet, and that their forces embarked with that knowledge, anti the reason of the delay in the delivery of that letter lay in the absence of Das Antas from Oporto. It was true that some correspondence had passed since 'the blue book had been laid before the House, and he would readily have these additional papers collected and laid upcm the table. The motion for the adjournment was then put and agreed to. INSOLVENT DEBTORS BILL. This Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. TITHES COMMUTATION BILL. This Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. _ JOINT STOCK COMPANY'S BILL. This - Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed on Monday next. REPRESENTATIVE PEERS (SCOTLAND) TILL. This Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed to-diy. POR r-NATAL COLLECTION OF DUTIES BILL. This Bill went through Committee, and was ordered to be read a third time to-day. BATHS AND WASHHOUSES BILL. This Bill was read a third time and passed. LEITH HARBOUR AND DOCKS BILL. This Bill was read a third time and passed. ROYAL MARINE SERVICE BILL. This Bill went through Committee, and was ordered to be reported. TOWNS IMPROVEMENT BILL. Sir WILLIAM SOMERVILLE moved that the Lords' amendments to this Bill be agreed to.—Motion carried. The House then adjourned at a quarter past one o'clock. reasons why the cultiva ion of cotton had increased in the United States, and why it had declined in the West Indies ; one of the chief reasons tteinz that the disturbances , A hi.•h had fatten place in the West Itetiei, such as the destruction of pro perty in Sc. Domingo, had caused a great decline in the West India cultivation, and the same decline had cause d the United States' cotten to in crease. But this not the only reason. The United States had laid a duty of lid. per lb. on the importation into America of foreign cotton. This duty was laid on soon after the late peace, and it was only taken off, if indeed it was yet taken off, so lately as last year. The British Navigation Laws had nothing whatever to do with it. As a proof of the importance still attached by the Americans to the subject, he intimated that at the recent conquest of Vera Cruz, the first step of the American General was to impose a duty on the importation of foreign cotton into' Mexico. The quantity of cotton grown in America in 1845 was 905,839,7391135., which, valued at 6d. per lb., gave a value of 22,645,2931. The quantity of cotton imported into this country since 1820 was upwards of 7,576 millions of pounds, which, at an average rate of Bid. per lb.; might be valued at upwards of two hundred and sixty-eight millions, or an average of ten millions sterling annually. The growth of cotton in the United States was still increasing, though not so rapidly as in former years. The opening of the British ports had turned the attention of the planters to the cultivation of grain and sugar more than they formerly did ; but still cotton was sure to increase, owing to the increase of the slave population that were removed to the south for the purpose of its cultivation. There were places in the southern and western states so productive that it only required one effective labourer to manage ten or twelve acres up to the time of gathering the crop ; so that it was almost impossible for any other district to contend with them. The only country that could do so at present was India, and there it would be matter of great diffi culty indeed. But he knew one country where it might be done, for through the whole of Africa cotton of a quality far superior -to that of America, grew spon taneously, and the labour could be had on the spot at very low terms. He was acquainted with Demerara, and with its early cultivation of the cotton ; but he did not think they could now return to it, in consequence of the high price of labour. Mr. Villiers—But what has all this to do with the navigation-laws? Mr. M'Queen—Not much, perhaps, with the naviga tion-laws, considered in themselves; but it had much to do with the colonial system, of which the navigation laws might be considered as a part, and, in fact, they always had been so considered. He could tell the Com mittee that if the colonial system and the navication laws had both been preserved in their integrity, America would not now grow the amount of cotton she did. It was the greatest evil which had befallen the country, that first one and then another of these systems had gra dually been frittered away. Examination resumed—The amount of tonnage in the United States last year was, of registered tonnage 1,068,764, and of unrolled and licensed tonnage 1,211,000. By this latter classification he meant the coasting traders—the registered ships were almost en• tirely confined to ships going foreign voyages, lie un derstood that the American ships made two foreign voyages a year, while the voyages made by British ships were far more than one one-third or one two-third voyages in the year. He was satisfied that the navi gation-laws of the United States had not at all cramped the energies of the United States commerce, but that, on the contrary, they had tended greatly to increase its amount He had never heard an American speak on this subject who did not state that fact very pointedly and strongly. The Committee then adjourned. HE LATE MR. HENRY SMITH.—It is with pain which will be reciprocated by every inhabitant of Fleetwood, that we have to state that the Mr. Henry Smith, whose name is given amongst the list of killed, in the frightful col lision at Wolverton, is Mr. Henry Smith, the esteemed ma nager of the North Lancashire Steam Navigation Company. I leetwood Chronicle. The failure of a very old and respectable house, Cattley and Stephenson, Russia merchants, was announced on Saturday, and created much surprise. The liabilities of the firm are stated at 75,0001, and the assets are calculated to yield only„10s. in the pound. It is thought that this failure will not of the solvency of the St. Petersburgh firm of Cattley and Co. We are sorry to hear that the celebrated danseuse, Medemoiselle Lucille Grahn, has been for some days con fined to her room, by an inflammation of the left foot, which has prevented her from appearing at her Majesty's Theatre; but we understand that she is now much better, and will shortly resume her professional avocations. A letter from Rome of the Ist instant announces the return of the Pope on the previous day from Subiaco, where lie went to take possession of the Abbey, of which he has appointed himself the Superior. An immense crowd went a distance of several miles to meet his Holiness, and ac companied him to Rome. SERIOUS STEAM-BOAT ACCIDENT.—On Saturday afternoon, shortly after one o'clock, whilst the Sylph, a IVoolwich and London steam boat, was on her upward trip, aid shortly after putting in at Mackfriars pier, she was mis the act of passing under the bridge, when, owing to a sudden nip of the tide, the vessel struck one of the arches of the bridge with such violence as to carry away her star hoard paddle-box; at the same time the top of the funnel caught the side of the arch, which forced the same down, and it fell on the back of a man named 14 ills, foreman to Mr. Samuels, the tailor, of Ludgate-hill. The beat belong ing to the pier, with Mr. Robert Ware. the master, and an other waterman, named Bale, instantly put off to render assistance. Such was the violence of time blow Mr. Wills had received that it was at first imagined he was killed. A. stretcher was procured, and he was taken to St. Bartholo mew's Hospital, where he remains at present. It is, how ever, believed that be is not fatally injured. Every assist ance was rendered by the captain and crew of the steamer; and it is the opinion of the piermaster that the occurrence was occasioned, not from any carelessness of the captain, but solely from the " set " of the tide. DEATH OF LIBUTENANT-GENERAL SIR COLIN CAMPBELL, K.C.B.—We regret to have to announce the de mise of the above gallant General, the late Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Ceylon, who expired between 4 and 5 o'clock on Sunday morning, at his temporary residence in King-street, St. James's. The deceased was the fifth son of .Ir. John Campbell, of Melfort, Argyleshire, and conse quently brother of the late Sir Patrick Campbell. He was born in 1777, and married early in life, and leaves issue three sons and three daughters, namely, Colonel Fitzroy Campbell; Lieutenant A. Campbell, 60th Foot, Aide-de-Camp to Lieu tenant-General Sir Charles Napier, in India; Captain F. Campbell, R.N.; Mrs. Phipps, married to the Hon. Edmund Phipps; Mrs. Maclean, wife of Captain Maclean, of the Royal Artillery, serving in India; and Miss Campbell. Sir Colin entered the army in 1799, and alMost immediately commenced the active duties of his profession. He served under the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula, and per formed the duties of Assistant-Adjutant-General and As sistant-Quartermaster-General. For his distinguished ser vices at Talavera, Busaco, and Fuentes d'Onor, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive and Tolouse, he received a cross and six clasps. He was also at Waterloo, where he commanded the Royal Scots, the officers of which regiment testified their admiration of his gallant conduct by presenting him with a sword valued at seventy guineas. He was also created a Knight of the Order of the Bath in re cognition of the services he rendered on that memorable occa sion. The gallant deceased also, in consideration of his eminent military services, received the order of knighthood from Austria of the order of Maria Theresa; from Russia of the order of St. George; from Portugal of the order of the Tower and Sword; and the King of Bavaria nominated him a knight of the order of Maximilian Joseph. After holding the home appointment of Governor of Portsmouth, and the command of the south-west district, he was appointed Lieu tenant-Goverror and Commander of the Forces in Nova Scotia. On his return from North America he was selected as Governor of Ceylon, to which colony he proceeded in 1840, and remained there up to Viscount Torrington being ap pointed Governor, a few months since. In August, 1836, he w a a i a a n p tb p e eG o ioennmt General vacantowloerneelbdoyaf t t ie, h di se as I se 2 af d ot lh l i w g sbr :—Ensign, The r d n r s s, i mg ‘ ni V : llich neces sarily 80i ~cnt October efrtl 1799; Lieutenant, August ,21, 1801 ; Captain, Jaunary 9, 1805; Major, September 2, 1808 ; Lieutenant-Colonel, May, 3. 1810 ; Colonel, June 4, 1814 ; Major-General, May 27, 1825 ; and Lieutenant-General, June 28, 1838. DERBY AND ST. LEGER. SWEEPSTAKES.—On Tues day, at a petty sessions held at the Holborn Union Work house, Little Gray's Inn-lane, before Mr. Whiekin (chair man), and a bench of magistrates, for the transfer of licenses for the Holborn division, the subject of sweepstakes being allowed at the houses of licensed victuallers came on for consideration. Mr. Hector Rose, one of the licensing ma- gistrates, stated, that at a meeting of the licensing magis trates for the Marylebone division, a resolution was come to to send a notice to all the proprietors of licensed houses in the district, intimating that in the event of sweepstakes being continued after the notice had been received that they were illegal, such continuance might endanger their licenses at the next licensing day. He thought that the bench might come to a similar arrangement with respect to licensed vic tuallers in that district. The chairman having observed that he concurred in the view taken by ...dr. Rose, said it would be advisable to instruct the high constable to inform the licensed victuallers in the district that continuing to hold sweepstakes might endanger the licenses of their houses in the ensuing March, and a similar intimation might be given to those applying for the transfer of licenses. The bench having entered into a resolution to that effect, Mr. Bradshaw, the high constable, and Inspector Dodd, of the F division, received instructions to call upon all the licensed victuallers in the district to notify the feeling entertained.-- Observer. We are requested to state that the prize of I,OOW. for tha best picture of the Baptism of Christ in the Jordan has been awarded to Mr. John Wood, of 65, Upper Charlotte street, for his picture marked No. 7 in the catalogue. A LADY TIIIEF.—On Saturday information was given, with a description of a female representing her self to be a captain's lady, who in the course of t ,, e week has victimised several tradesmen in different , O r osd ri f. ThursdayrFeapianepsrtFinsbury ui Captain v. s n Bag ri she u c he sr -square, rnne,p: a s a l ga l na e nd d tdeo_rasdttreerteeh street, recom mendedsqthuaiatPirntgeor of M. b eMo y r • rs ll ret. oet o or n brwe q yn u ,: e Conquest, s quantity of gotai to be sent to the Captain's reiidenee, but some flannel and other articles she took with her. The goods being sent as ordered, it was found that she had given a fictitious address. In the same way she ordered goofs to be sent from Messrs. Carter and Co 's, ot Finsbury-place, to be sent to " Captain Fawcett," in Fins bury. square, and carried off with her part of the pro perty ; and from Mr. Ford, a silk mercer, in Holborn, she obtained a black silk mantle, giving an order for other goods to be sent to " Captain Warner." at 47, Hatton garden. She is described as a young woman of respect. able appearance, about five feet high, with dark hair, and when she called at Mr. Kerry's wore a half tuouFn ing dress, with black straw bonnet and veil, and carried a black parasol. On the other occasions she wore the half mourning dress, with variations in the other por tions of her costume. EXTENSIVE ROBBERIES.—On Saturday informa tion was giv en th at e i t h er on Th urs d ay nig ht or early on Friday morn i ng t h e shop o f M r. L ew i s watchmaker, i n D u k e . street , Ald ga t e , was entered, a. rah and plunder. d r about 20 gold and 200 silver watches; 51 ~e t r Abraham, of the l a t ter were w h at are called , ed conso 1 watches; 20 s m a ll s il v er hunting watches, from 3,241 to 3,312; 40 lever and verge watches, e s. num bers from, 3,200 to 3,239, and the o th ers various. A reward of 1004 has bee's offered for the tascovery of the depredators. snumered LAW INTELLIGE',CE. HOUSII, OF LORDS, June 14 The House sat to-day to hear Scotch appQals. The peers in attendance were—The Lord Chancellor, Lord Campbell, the Earl of Orkney, and the Bishop of St. Asaph. WEIR V. CRAWFORD. This case came before their Lottiship• upon appeal from the decision o! the Court of Session in Scotland, coral , min; the dismissal of the :appellant by the directors of the Kilmar hock Academy from his situation as one of the teachers o! that institution. The case occupied their Lordships the whole morning. COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, June 14. (Sittings at Nisi Prius, before Mr. Justice WIaIiTHAN.) CATES I. SMITH AND ANOTI111“. Mr. Sergeant Wilkins and Mr. Huddlestone appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Humfrey for the defendant. Tnis was a "running down" case. The plaintiff is a corch master in the New-road, Chelsea, and the defendants are railway carriers carrying on business in the Old Bailey. It appeared that on the 28th of April last year, the Ba roness French hired a brougham from the plaintiff, and as she wai being driven up Lambs' Conduit-street, towards Holborn, a cart belonging to the defendants, which was loaded with packages, came in collision with the brougham. In consequence of the collision the brougham was consider ably damaged, and the horse thrown down and dragged a considerable distance along the road, and injured. Several witnesses were called on the part of the plaintiff, among whom were the butler of the Baroness and the driver of the brougham, who concurred in stating that at the time tine ac cident happened the driver of the cart appeared to be dosing, and that it was entirex owing to his neglect in not keeping on his right side. The amount sought to be recovered was 301, Mr. HUMPRICY in defence produced a letter which the de fendant had received from the plaintiff some time aft,r the occurrence claiming but D. 5s , sod stated that tt e plaintiff threatened when the defendant refuted :0 pay the amount to bring an action against him, and to put him to 100/. ex pense. Mr. Sergeant Witicti.is said the nature of the defence had tiken hiat by surprise, as he had been led to believe that it would be of a different character. He would vieretore con sent to withdraw a juror. A juror was, tlaerefOre, accordingly withdrawn. 50LEISH V. asoobte.. This was a prosecution at the instance of the plaintiff, a footman, to recover compensation in , lamages (ruin Mr. James Broome, the well know prize fighter a al puiilican, in Air -street, Piccadilly, for a violent assault committed upon him in November last. Sergeant SHEIC having stated the case, proceeded to call the prosecutor, M‘Leish, who stated that he was at the house of the defendant in November last, and that he offered to match a man to run a race against a person named Westhall, but he openly stated to John ..y Broome that he would not trust any money in his hands on acc,4uut of dis honourable practices of which he had been guilty with re spect to sfakes which had been previously placed in his hands. The defendant made use of very bad language, and said he would knock his hea 1 off if he accused him of dis honourable practices. He (the prosecutor) repeated what he had said, at which the defendant walked up to him, struck him violently with his clenched fist in the left eye, caused his nose to bleed, and sent him backwards with con siderable force on a table. He suffered much pai❑ from it, and next day he went to Mr. Young, a surgeon in Picca dilly, who had occasionally attended him up to the present time. In cross-examination by Mr. MOYTAGUE CHAMBERS, he stated that he had been twelve months out of employment ; that he had formerly been footman to the Duke of Northum berland; that he had betted for some years on prize fights, and horse and man racing; that atter br was struck he wanted to go out, but that his friends woulc not let hint, and that be remained tor upwards of halt' an hour atter, when he went up to the Swiss Cottage, St. John's Wood, with more friends of his to fight a man who w,s hacked a i; amst gun by a friend named Porter; but when be got there he could not tight him IY.,Tause his eye became so bad. Both the Brooms were at the Swiss Cottage—neither held any money of his. The defendant did not ask him to leave the house before he struck him, but he did after. Porter and Lauder, the persons wbo were present, corro borated his evidence, and Mr. Young, the surgeon, spoke to the injuries the prosecutor had received. he had aitended him ever since. Mr. Justice IVIGHTmAY considered that the defendant could not get over a verdict of guilty, as it was clear that he struck the prosecutor a blow. Mr. M. CHAMBEAS said he was in a condition to prove that no blow was struck at ail, and that. the defendant was not toblanie. Mr. Justice WIGIITMAN repeated what he had said. Most likely the Court would hear Ito more of the case it such a verdict was taken ; but it judgment was prayed ;or in a vin dictive spirit, the Court would know wha: course to adopt. Mr. M CHAmnins said it appeared very probable that the defendant would have to pay the whole of the costs, but as hi, Lordship seemed to be of opinion that a verdict of guilty should be taken, he had no other course to adopt than to consent to it. A verdict of Guilty was then taken, the judgment of the Court being deferred. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COUNT. OLD COURT. The eighth session of the present mayoralty commenced yesterday. The liEcoenEst, in delivering his charge, said that he re gretted that there were a great many very serious charge•. in the calendar. There were 6 cases of ordinary larceny, 13 cases of larceny from dwelling-houses, 36 cases of larceny on the person, 43 cases of larceny by servants, 9 cases of cutting and wounding with grievous bodily harm, 4 cases of manslaughter, 6 cases of wounding, 6 cases of murder, and 1 ease of rape. The Learned Recorder concluded by pointing out to the jury their duties, and stating. in the event of any legal difficulty arising, that an efficient law officer was in at tendance to render them every assistance. The jury then retired. POLICE INTELLIGENg:E. BOW STREET. A voung man named Charles Brown, was charged before Mr. Hall with being found in the kitchen of the house No 42, Tavistock- street, Covent-garden, ler the supposed pur pose of committing a felony. It appeared that the prisoner, whose parents live in the above house, had stopped out every night for the last week. Lat e on S un d a y h e d eman d e d admittance, and as his parents refused to admit him at so late an hour, he continued to walk up and down in the street opposite the house, until about three o'clock in the morning. At that hour a constable (F 50) who was on duty in Tavistock street, and who had spoken to the prisoner several times in the course of the night, observed that two of the area railings had been taken out. He knocked up the people of the house and told them of it, and on going down into the kitchen with the constables he found the prisoner there. The landlord gave him in charge for the offence stated. Mr. HALL said that though the prisoner's conduct in stop ping out late at night, &c , was highly culpable, there was no pretence for saying that he was there for the purpose of committing a felony. It was very natural that he should go to his father's place, and not being able to get in by the door should force his way in through the kitchen window. The prosecutor said that he thought the prisoner really did go there for an improper purpose, and he was more inclined to suppose so as a coat which he had left in the kitchen had been removed. Mr. HALL said that it did not, therefore, follow that the prisoner took the coat. On this charge he must be dis charged, but he must pay for the damage to the railings, and if he did not do so be could be again given in custody on the charge of wilfully damaging them. TVOR:SHIPS THEET. Mary Ashford, an exceedingly delicate-looking, but very genteel young female, was brought before Mr. Broughton, for reo-examination on a charge of child dropping. The particulars of this case have already appeared before the public. Mr. Bacon, the relieving overseer of St. Luke's parish, was in attendance, and intimated to the magistrate that he had evidence which would at once remove all doubt as to the identity of the mother of the child, and which would thus make the case complete. In answer to a question, Mr. Bacon mentioned the name of the prisoner's compar.ion as one of the individuals wh,, could give very important evidence touching the matter in question. Mr. BROUGHTON doubted whether he could receive such evidence, as he much feared that person was a participator in the crime, but (addressing the prisoner) Mr. Broughton rose from his seat; and said, as touching Ler case, something very extraordinary had just occurred. He had that Moment re ceived a letter from a lady, enclosing a sovereign for ber (the prisoner). The lady ex p resse d t h e greatest commis eration and sympathy for the situation of the prisoner, and was desirous that the deserted child should be put into the charge of a proper nurse, and she mould pay all the ex pensea. Mr. BILOUGHTON continued—The letter was evident ly in the handwriting of a lady ; it might, however, possibly be a trick ; but be that as it may, he could not sanction such a proceeding. The child was alreat y taken care of, and no doubt properly too, by the parish. tie owed a duty to the public which be was always anxious to dis charge. He was quite ready to return the sovereign, or, if the individual whosent it pleased,to put it into the poor-box. The letter was without signature, but perhaps, through the . • instrumentality of the press, his Cdr. Broughton's) views upon tho subject might reach the p.rson alluded. This was a case not of mere desertion, but a very serious offence. A precisely similar one occurred a number of years ago at Bristol, and the two women who were the aggressors were hanged. He shGuld further remand the case, in order to furnish Mr. Bacon time for the production of other evidence. THAMES. Jane Ambrose, a ahrewisn looking woman, was charged with the following despei ate assault on Cornelius Mahoney, a man of rather diminutive stature. It appeared thatithe parties are next-door neighbours, both residing in Peel's-court, Shadwell, and on Sunday morning the complainant and his wife happened to have a few words together about a blanket that Mr. Mahoney accused his wife w ith h av ing made away with, and in which affair it seemed the prisoner was implicated. The prisoner, after conducting herself for some time in the most frantic manner, sudd. fly seized a poker and aimed a desperate blow at complainant's head, which he fortunately parried with his right arm, or it would no doubt have proved fatal. The complainant bared his arm and exhibited a large bruise on it. He added that about an hour afterwards she came back and conducted her self in so indelicate a manner that he was compelled to give her into custody. This evidence was corroborated by the prosecutor's daughter, a very intelligent child, eleven years of age. Mr. BALLAINTINE said, where such murder( us weapons as a poker or knife were made use of, he was determined to punish the parties offending severely. He should fine her 20e., or ten days imprisonment. She was lucked up in default. A powerful lo king fellow, named Thomas Terry, was charged with brutally assaulting and maltreating his wife, Charlotte Terry. Sullivan, a police-constable, II 127, stated that on Satur day night, as be was passing through Nightingale-line, Limehouse, his attention was arrested by loud screams of murder, and on going to a house in the lane, where a large mob was collected, some women begged him, for God's sake, to go in as there was a man killing his wife. On e proc emg up stairs, he found the poor woman in a complete state of dishabille, her hair hanging about her, aid her face covered with blood. She said her husband had beer: beating her cruelly, and he immediately took him into custody. Toe poor woman, wh o exhibited two tremendous black eyes, and other marks of ill-usage, deposed to her husband's brutal treatment, and added that he was constautly in the ; habit of using her in the same manner. The prisoner, in his defence, said his wife got drunk and spent his money. Mr. . ft ALLANTIWE observed that his conduct was most un manly and disgraceful. Within a short period h e h a d com mitted two m en to Newgate, who were now awaiting their trial for wilful murder, for similar, but, untimppily, fatal con duct to their wives. He should tine him 51., or in default sen tence him to two months' itnprisunuient. The prisoher was locked up. - , MA RKE 1 — NEWS. (YESTERDAY.) cs:2-ro• mxc-al.,viam. During last week the arrivals of Grain as well as Flour for our itn.rket, coast wise acid by laid carriage and sample, werp on al very limited scale, but those i f Wheat f rom Scotlatl, d viz., upward , of 4.000 quarters, were large ; while from I,re land a fair quantity of Wheat and Flour came to hand. Th e imports of Foreign Wheat, viz, 16,444 quarters, were good , but those of Barley. Oats, Beans, and Peas were trifling. O f Foreign Flour we received rather over 8,060 barrels. St Fheat; up to-day rather a large quantity of home- g rown principally in the hands of the merchan ts, reached u s frog' Essex and Kent, the arrival of that art icle since Saturday evening amounting to nearly 2,500 quarter s. The show of samples of both red and white was larger 1130 on any previous market-day held du ing the last six months. As might, therefore, be expected, considering the prevaili ° g fi..e weather for the growing crops, and the absenc e of principal buyers, the demand fur all kinds of Wheat of howon. produce was excessively heavy, at a decli ne in the quotati obtained on Monday last of from F IVE TO :-.IX tnifi.ONG4 PER QUARTER, and a clearance was not effected. The sho p of tnreign Wheat was very extensive , an d we have to reP°'" a very dull inquiry for that art icle,and the r ates receded Nu' FOUR TO FIVE SHILLINGS PE Q UARTER. The transaction. s R amounted to A bou. 6.000 qrs., at I tleabove amount ofdepressieu The quantity of Barley on offer was small, it being whcll composed of the parcels received from a broad in the pas,t week. All kinds met a very slow inquiry at barely, but ~,,,A nothing quotable beneath, last we. k's prices. We had a vev , small quantity of Malt on show; nevertheless, the sale f , :,r that article was in a very inactive state, at about last weel currencies. The quantity of Oats was very trifling. Sele c l e „ r qualities were in lair reque.t, at full prices; but all other sorts hung on hand, though we cannot call them cheaper • Although the supply of Bears was very small, the trade was t h o ea n v o y ti , c a e t , barely late rates. In Peas we have no alteration was heavy, w aitnhtt4lN s -e t r:) , , 2 1 s i mpietredqquuaarnt quarter ti . )wnetriffer dull, and all kir ds were 5s per sack sod 3s per barrel cheaper. CURKENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASIIRIC . 4 , Wheat-Essex & Rent, Rea. •• ••.•••••tinsto_ ass oats- Yorkshire and 3 _ ,, Ditto,White, Sew Sits 665 Lincolnsh., Fewd. 325 365 3" Flour ln d•als very ‘ r Norfolk and Lin- potato ••• •.• - . siitit-Chevatter...... The woo coin, Red..... 80s Its Youghal aadCork, _ Ditto, White. ••• .• 86s 93s Black .•• - - 325 3._5.1 Irish,Di tto, l l N t ' " h i lie . .• :: : -s - s -s s Cork, White. • ... 335 37.5 Scotch, Feed. •• •• 385 ro• I t Y e -CMlOrellvtdial. Matting ... ... .. ... ... ..• 65 - 08 s s . 6 60s1 lids Beane-Tick • • • • • • • .: 5 4 '5: 59 s New •••••• •• . • •• 62s 65s Pigeons ..• ••• • sb , Ai ilarley -Grinding . .... 48s 505 Peas-GreY •••••• • ' :: 5 6, 611 Maple. •• •• •• •• . 6 1, 696 White. ..... •.• 62$ 64, alt-Suffolk and Nor- Boilers ••••• - n . 75t f01k.... Brown ... •••• • • • • 883 70s Kanaston and Ware 75s 765 Stockta & Nortta "' iiiIKITEFIELTit. r. take follow La importations Suffolk • ...... ••• !‘L i 6 ° 5 1 rge of foreign stock have aga— into London since Monday last, as will be seen ing statement : Calves. From whence. Oxen. Cows. Lmbs' s. Sheep. •a iv, Rotterdam Hain burgh Harlingen Nieu Tr by the - I °P •••••• 30 ... 40 ... 210 ••• ''' Flushing... ••• ••• 160 ... -- •••;......„ __ ---- 2 20 Total .. 354 765 2,040 175 , sheep, At the out iirts, about 300 Beasts and 800 head o_i . ~,n d, Lambs and Calves, have been landed , chiefly from 11°,!` ‘ , 0 0 l'he supply of foreign stock on offer consisted of ah9u` s :"l tt Oxen and Cows, 689 Sheep and Limbs, and " Cacilvise„icts Monde,' . very middling condition. From our own grazin seasonably the arrivals and Beasts fresh up this morning were `sit. extensive, and about 700 head more than on SUy This increase in the supply - , together with the compar yourabis small attendance of country buyers, and the wits.ftode rate of the weather for -laughtering, caused the b."_ B ru l ed to be in a somewhat inactive state, and the quotatlt_. .• the quite 6d per Blbs. lower than on this 'lay sen l . 5 , 4,1 highest figure for the best sorts not exceeding .. 5 _. per Sibs, while some very useful Beef sold at D 1 )° ,: Sibs. At those rates agoiid clearance -• ived about From Norfolk, Essex, and Cambridgeshire, we rece . 5. __ from the we le c. r l ; 1,000 Scots, honiebreds, and Shorthorns; ,nil midland districts, 800 11.-refOrds, Runts, Devour, from other parts of Eagland, 500 of various breeds; a a one was effected Scotland, 30u horned and polled Scots. There was _ e the siderable increase in, the number of Sheep (in sale, heri f4d per Mutton trade was heavy at a fall in the currencies o _ clearance. some difficult ' y was experienced in egec tinb oty With Lambs, 80 of which were received frorrn,hat Isle of Wight, we were well supplied, while the sale of r. ' oo , description of stock was very dull, at a fall in value_e__",as. 8,1 to Is per Ilbs., compared with that obtained on Monday last. the primest Down qualities selling at only 63 P e te enie The supply of Calves was tolerably good, and the sale heavy, at 2d per 81bs. less money. In Pigs, exc ee ' rd business was doing, and the rates little b u d a doWa W4 tendency. Per sibs. to sank the offal. S. d. to v. d ruenorSeconquality ditW C 4. ,a t°. 6 ,, 5 1 --sand quality s •46 4 3 Coarse vc* , olled ditto 4 4 .'rinse large Oxen ••4 10 5 0 Southdown Wetter S • • 'rime Scots 4.5 2 b 4 Ditto ou t of the wool 4 6 Large coarse Calves 4 2 4 8 Large Hogs ...... ri L•rtme all ditto .. 410 5 2 Small P o rkers •• • 4 II ; :ticklin sm g Calves .18 0 22 0 quarter old Pigs •• is 0 6 Inferior Sheep . . 4 2 4 4 Lambs •••• • • • • SUPPLY AT S.IAI{I{ET. Veasts. Sheep. Calves. 990 I 3,028 210 I 90 240 a.61.1,G.A.TE .A. 11732 36211LDJE 7 T I ' l6 d til l The arrivals of slaughtered meat, from n S c otland s, t he parts of England, have been on a very li m ited scale: tort past eek, but the supplies killed in tha metropolis 124 ' u alitY' somewhat on the increase, though of but middling q compared with those exhibited en many previous ocl tctivs On the whole, the general demand has been in a very 2d per state, and the quotations must be considered about ,cso Sibs lower than on this day se'nnight. Nearly 1,6 00 car of Foreign Meat have been on sale. a. 3 d i t o a 3 . 10 At per stone by the Carcase Beet, interior •• ••• •• j. ~ to 7 4 4 0 A ill Mutton, interior •• ; 6 - middling .... 4 0 4 2 I t middling •• • ) - prime large .. 4 4 46 I - prime small .. 4 6 4 $ ! Pork 1 ife rme ••" 310 , 0 ' "I* •••••••• • • • • • 4 0 52 I ' m ar .i - i i ".: :::: .. 4 I Lamb. 5a 8d to 6s sd. BOROUGH HOP MARZIOr• , ~,a t the 1i Notwithstan ( ng the prevailing fine weather, an. ;" t an bine is making considerable progress in all parts of l'-e ri , not Sussex, the accounts which have reached us to-de) a l - o f tif very satisfactory, from the fact that a further ineress,°oocls has taken place. Still, however, the demand he re for al' de for of Hops is almost wholly confined to the purchases ouicketo, consumption, at about last week's quotation_s. Sose l , l ,, ° ' . Mid 3/ 18s to 4165; Weald of Kent ditto, 4143 to 5 1 '-' ' and East Kent ditto, 4110 s to 61 12s per cwt. BOROUGH AND SPITALFIELDS• at the Very few ar r ivals of Potatoes have taken place :0 (Air water-side since Monday last. The best qualities are in cal e• request, at full prices; but all other kinds are a dull 3 00 s; York Reds, 280 s to 300 s ; Ditto, Regents, 280 s to r.,,.e. Ditto, Shaws, 220 s to 230 s ; LincOltishire and Canil t ) I _ ° . * shire Kidneys, 160 s to 180 s; Dutch, 120 a to 1605 per ou wool.. • , place' Large public sales of Colonial Wool are now taltj e n r is,, , s o in London. About 3,000 bales have been already.offus eusta, partly disposed of, at a trifle under the previo le quo ta s partly " ewatr(i)ounted to lions. The auctions will be continued the h present week. Since our last, the irapor,-; havin the private about 3,200 bales, chiefly from our cul"ni es uu :,„ ing ., s t barely contract market very little business i s late rates. T doing in P 1. There is a very steady business 6dper cwt. -* to the quotations have further advanced Town Tallow ia Os on the spot is Ns 9d to 51s per cwt.; To s Fat. 2 lid per 81"' 50s 6d per cwt. nett cash • Rough Fa• , - TO' --------.. 0 tth P On Saturday', Mr. Duni:u line, soiled ;,. court, , b tfc ' r° market, ,an,iti tectioo S )ciety, appeared at Bow-street Polf-- rc _,, to th e l ALIC.V7. ' this Mr Henry, to claim protection for en hotel, acco 11- 1 4 st.it Act of Parliament, under peculiar circumstances_ ~ io of that the house in question was the Exeter Hall Doi , ' „ sec t Strand, the proprietorship of which had been disP' b, s r before the last licensing day; ano on the sth Of Ale c ge plication was made to Mr. Jardine to grant protection'food did so; and on the pecial Sessions a re new al was r e ' ~,,, by the Magistrates, against which refus a l th e proprietor lii, pealed at. the Quarter Ses.ions, and th en th e licen3e'ed granted, the Magistrates declaring th e y h a d b een itur - 0 . upon by misrepresentations to the prejudice of the parties o . cerned. The original license w as grante d on t h e di s tinct l' o deretanding with the Court that the house °14.9 1i• to be opened as a g i n - s h op, an d t h e ssm i L re b, cense having existed up to t h e mont h of "roe but upon Mr. Nix . a p p l y i ng for a"—reifewal ' 9 ' r of licenSe (he having held it for a considerable nuinbfgo, years, and it being his intention to transfer it to 31 t 7 t 0 Walker and Cousens) it was refused, which gave rise as p re , appeal before mentioned, and on the 4th of MaY it ' e v , t he r.ewed, the Magistrates haring had been deceived. Such were the grounds uponthwebtr:to. ( Mr. Duncombe) appeared before the Court, with fora renepwal .., °f emphatically declared be be Lion granted by Mr. Jardine in his the same. Mr. Henry saidthheegcroonusniacreksdtedstbtehie_casll; of a very peculiar nature, ng e'otecti ° opinion, quite sufficient for the parties to the p g il , s i o o u ti g e h e t to fo t r i : e at themont hs " tiumsue,alitwwayo,ulads bseomperomper w .s r. aimsi tbe oc ° ll ' tO Jardine to grant the protection on a fortner o _ kin g elapsed since the inquiries were mails which induced sr. Duncombe assured the Court that the gentlemen T s tee w• have the transfer made to them were persons , tha t p o int lid ledge, of the highest respectability, and 0 _ ...,__________ hesitation was necessary. Mr. Henry thenuoPrdered the us u.- ter to he granted. On the 6th inst., at Dunh ß a rM L S. d e Colonel R. M. Oakes, of a m og ' •r F. On the 9th inst., ' ,4 Chelsea the wife of the Chevalier Raffo, Secretary of his Highness the Bev of Tunis, of a 0 00 ; 0 , On the 10th inst., at Camberwell, Sirs. Denison it '' port, of a son. Norfolk, the wife of sh O ar n pe t . l7 :sq l . o .o th i a in d s a t u ., gi a it t e W r. Waltham-cros. the lady of P t° ~ J• ll' Tit O c n orn th b e . 0 10 f t a n d i a n u s g t ilt a e t r Cambridge, the wife of the Rev. ' On the 11th inst., in John B T ay i s t oc k- s quare, Mo. ig' gallay, of a son. ill' On the 11th inst., in Carlton House-terrace, the w ife ° Alexander, Esq., of a daughter, MARRIED Z e al an d, On the 13th of January, at Wellington, Nov ,of Charles Clifford, Esq., eldest son of Georg thirdd. E t * of Wycliffe Hall, Yorkshire, to Mary Ann, daughter John Hercy, Esq., of Hawthorn Hill, Berkshire. , a es, On the 9th inst., at Woburn-place, Mr. Lawrence of Euston-square, to Catherine, eldest daught er of Ns t hg Levy, Esq., of Woburn-place. On the 10th inst., at St. George's, Hanover-square, t„t Rev. Court Granville, to Lady Charlotte Murray, the Duke of Athol!. t sePh On the 10th inst., at Cressing Church, E.s.ses, Chambers, Esq., of the Bengal Army, to Maria, e'" daughter of the Rev. Sir John Page Wood, Bart. On the 10th inst., at Littleworth Church, Berks, } r ube l: Hutchings, Esq., to Geraldine Laura, third daughter aL , • Elizabeth Baker. sister DIE. OT . On W ednesday, the 9th in s t., at Carmarthen, G eldest son and heir by entail of the late Rev . Henri S t° o l house-Vigor. This promising youth was great re o f the late jrS James Stonbouse, Bart. , and grandson 119° John Taylor Gordon, Esq., M.D. On the 9th inst., Samuel Housley, E sq., 0f o, G I : . ee ; ter' terrace, Regent's park. x i- obi" On the 10th inst., at Bishops Stortford, ner Slater, aged 85. On the 10th inst., at Paris, Elias Edward Tel rfif, s°l ' G . r sq On the 10th inst., at Hampstead , Emma, the vri '. Slade, E.q., aged 37. On the 11th inst., at New - grove , Mile-end, gr• Willi° Bayne, aged 86 —O.O. Lon •on : • meet , ap,7 Iliblint.ea by SI URDO Yol3llo* hi Lke °d reap .- and. Prin ~'arid'icl, 00 0, of the Savoy, in Ds County lildatass, Dleo ga l . 1247. THE NAVIGATION LAWS. The Select Committee appointed by the House of Com mons to inquire into the operation of the Navigation Laws met on Thursday in Committee-room No. 2. There were present Mr. Ricardo, chairman; Sir Robert Peel, Alderman Thompson, Mr. Lyall, Mr. Hume, Ad miral Dundas, Mr. Mitchell, Sir Howard Douglas, Sir George Clerk, Hon. Mr. Villiers, and Mr. T. Baring. Mr. Young was recalled, and begged to correct a statement he had made last day, to the effect that Mr. M'Gregor was in favour of prohibiting foreigners from exporting British goods. He had since seen that gentle man, who assured him he was in error ; and added at the same time that he would advise the ship owners to be content with continuing the restrictions on the colonial and coasting trade. He also found that some members of the Committee had led.him into error in stating that British ships might import tea from the United States. He had since looked into the matter, and he found there was nothing in the navigation-law itself to prevent that; but it was prohibited by a special clause in the Regulation Act. Sir George Clark admitted that the witness was right. Examination continued by Alderman Thompson—lt was quite impossible that he could agree with the evidence formerly given before the Committee by Mr. Browning, that the combination of shipwrights in the river Thames had enhanced the price of ships by several pounds a ton. The total cost of labour did not, under any circumstances, exceed 41. per ton, and he thought 2/. 10s. per ton was a fair average price ; so that to talk of the combination as enhancing the price of ships by several pounds was perfectly absurd. With regard to another part of Mr. Browning's evidence, in which he stated that foreign vessels paid no light dues, while British ships were subject to the tax, it was most extraordinary to him that any gentleman who knew anything of the laws of the country could come to such a conclusion, b ec ause it was perfectly well known that not only w ere all foreign ships chargeable with light dues, but that, in accordancs with the old laws, the ships of many countries were still subject to double dues, which in some instances were paid out of the Consoli dated Fund. With regard to the profits of shipowners, he was satisfied from his own experience that the con stant. competition of shipowners had reduced freights down to the lowest possible rates compatible with a moderate degree of profit, except at extraordinary times, when there happened to be a scarcity of ships. He hats known freights f*a• cotton from Bombay as low as 155., while they were at present as high as 41. He felt convinced that the capital of the shipowners yielded a smaller return than any equal amount of capital employed in any other pursuit. The reason for this appeared to be the facility with which persons could embark in the trade. and the facility with which they could again disengage themselves. Every captain looked forward to getting he whole or part of a shin as the great object of his life, and he was satisfied that ships were inure exten sively owned by practical seafaring men than by men of capital. Mr. Villiers —How does the facility of leaving the trade induce people to embark in it ? Mr. Young - It is the triumph of hope over experience, as every man who enters it thinks that he will draw the prize in the lottery. By Alderman Thompson—The number of ships be longing to Great Britain amounted to 32,499, and their torm.ge was 3,817,112. He thought the average value of the tonnage of the empire was 10/. per ton, which would make for the whole 38,171,1201. The capital em ployed in the trades connected with and dependent on ships he calculated, on a rough estimate, to amount to 16,083,8071. ; which, if added' to the value of the ton • nage, would make a capital of 54,254,9274 Mr. Mitchell—But sail cloth, for instance, is exported abroad, therefore that trade would not be injured even though the ship-buiding trade was transferred to other countries. Mr.Young—The Hon. Member will excuse me. I have not added sail cloth makers, otherwise the value would have been greatly increased. The traders which he had estimated were shipwrights, rope-makers, sail makers, mast and block makers, a proportion of coopers, ship joiners, ship block-smiths, ship sawyers, ship pain ters, riggers, ship chandlers, ship coppersmiths, ship brassfounders, ship plumbers and g l az i ers . H e found that the number of ships built last year in Great Britain amounted to 1,525, of 228,764 tonnage. He estimated the cost of these ships on an average at 131. 10s. a ton, which was a very low rate; this gave a capital of 3,088,314/., which, taken along with the annual ex• pense of repairing and outfitting, which he estimated at 7,634,224/., being an aggregate annual expenditure under these heads of 10 .722,5381. The number of Eng lish sailors was returned by the last census as 229,276. He thought the amount of money annually paid in wages to the officers and seamen of British ships was 3.731,9001, while the expense of victualling he estimated at 3,680,906/., making in all the sum of 9,218,806/. With regard to the number of workmen connected with ships, he had given the matter much consideration, and the conclusion he had come to was this, that the number of workmen employed in those trades which were ex elusively connected with the building and equipment of ships, and the proportion of those workmen that were so engaged in trades not exclusively connected with ship-building, amounted to 79,616, earning wages to the annual amount of 4,968,104/. The freight annually earned by the commercial marine of this country he es timated at 28,628,290/. Now, it appeared to him that after adding to the charges he had already enumerated a reasonable amount for pilotage, lights, port charges, and other expenses not hitherto enumerated, as well as for insurancesm andor2 2 901 ,2t3h.;,48 depreciation in the value of ship s , h e considered the annual expenditure to be in th all e 26,395.8101., while the freights were, as he had said, 28,628 leaving , w g hie fohr was the as profit s nearly a of possible seven pe r cent . on the estimate d va l ue o f t h e ng capital capital. Now he had reason to believe that this was more than the average annual return upon the capital o the shipowners; and this satisfied him that he had no wer-estimated the capital engaged in the shipping trade. rle would only beg further to call the attention of the Committee to the tact that it appeared from these figures that the shipping interest was of a magnitude as great as any other interest in the country, and,consequently, as important to its true interests, not excepting the cotton trade, or ally other of the great staples of the country. Mr. Viliiers—Do you mention the cotton trade in par ticular, because it is not protected ? Mr. Young had no such ()Wet as the one attributed to him by the Hon. Member ; he had, in fact, no other object beyond showing that the shipping trade of this country was a l arge an d i m p or t an t i nterest , we ll de serving the attention of this country. The examination of Mr. Young h ere c l ose d , a f ter an examination con tinued for more than four days ; and on leaving Mr. Mitchell and Alderman Thompson both complimented him on the value of the information he had given them The next witness called was Mr. M.Queen, examined by Alderman Thompson.—He had long been connected with the West Indies, and was thoroughly acquainted with the trad e o f that part of the world. He was well ac quainted with the coal depots formed for the Royal Steam Navigation Company. They were formed in Granada, St. Thomas, Jamaica, and Havannah. They were selected so l e l y for t h e pur pose of the working of the different s t eamers o f t h e com pany on the sections to which they were appointed. The British Navigation Laws had nothing whatever to do with the selec tion of those ports, nor were they selected because coils could be got cheaper there, where coals were brought by all ships, than they could be had i n those colonies were coals could only be brought in British ships. It was himself who selected those stations : and at all those places the ships bring ing coals were exempted from all charges, provided that they did n ot ta k e a return cargo. The British Naviga th n Laws were never stated to him as a reason why red4n Powers would not consent to give the privileges to the Steam Company; on the contrary, he found that th sa Powers, which in ordinary cases were most rigid in excluding foreigners, were willing, in this case, to afford them every facility. The American Government indeed were at first jealous, and the American people were iddeed still more jealous than the Government, as if the Steam Company were about to interfere with their export trade ; hut when it was found that they contem plated no such thing, but simply the conveyance of their passengers from South America to the different ports, they were quite satisfied, and the American Government eave him every facility in their power, telling him this was the most likely thing that had ever hap pened to bi n d t h e two nations in peace and amity. But for the convenience of working the sections, New Orleans would be a better coal depot than the Ha vannah, as the coa l s were c h ea p there, the people bring ing down great raft loads of thi m from the Mississippi ; and on their arrival at New Orleans they sold at once both raft and cargo. All along the eastern sides of the Allegheny Mountains the coal was very abundant. He knew that cotton was 'abundantly cultivated some years ago in the West Indies. There were various 82, My •ItnaN P 1 Loicp Ebert n m . kieh a , ( kran, avec a Arst Ann tern“ age. o ~.._ N Th; Zo,, Th e On 4c2n S.