The Sun. — London, England, 1822-10-18 00:00:00

- '7 P l i ikt / . - . . r'4: 5 50 : 1 , ii,l'•„:". ):: I':' ' v ''''' .4:.\ 441 i •-• . '''':: 6 . . . ,‘..., , .i.... - p.:1 2 , 4 .,;*pe . ‘l , -:, {)(") l'aii-0 ' 4 -' 4 Ne • . ~-1-A7) ..,-- ..,' ' , '4 , 1-7.-::_.-; . - .. , - .."4, ~,:t 0: ' \:.., ,- 2 Xa#l, P' ' ' t5.„... .). 4 .. \ ty till WAg p been T tube r " 01A w-ii/11117 sed to erlanal NumnE ß 9407.] FRIDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1.822. PRICE SEVEN PEA CE. • . O ,,GERS'S IMPROVED . FLANNEL 4 comity a ianufactured from his Patent Yarn, of Wool only, , ties of to preserve a decided preference over every other spe g iZwtalstA. NNEL, for its peculiar softness, and not shrink ; h "mg proof of which, the very ictensive home to lisu e has -for the article, both for exportation and tot% rn P t i°n, bears ample testimony. Its peculiar softness af- Pk_werinth and comfort to the tenderest habits,; when other 1 4 ti `,"aels are found unpleasant. A saving of at least one,sixth i N : i quantity necessary, 'on account of not shrinking in ls wash t a s trong recommendation in point of economy. For eo ,, cats, and Ladies Under Coats, if is particularly re inended Pro t a e ll h e Y r ep . rietor has prepared an extensive Stock for the ap 1/latio season (in which considerable improvement has been ap,, ,,ipte 21 so that his f r i en d s ma y be assured they will not be dm . wr theta du t n he ng e t x b e e cu la t s i rm o y f in t t h er e . ir Orders, which he regrets it or lannel may be obtained from the principal Drapers, tee, j e a oi t ni ß s rita r in and I re l a nd ; a nd wholesale from the Paten hogers, Chester. lower than it ever has been since the reign of Philip V. But besides being reduced to this minimum, it is not elective to that amount, and instead of the 62,000 men decreed by the Cortes, the army is not at present much above 52,000 strong. there only that supply of troops which is necessary for a gar, rison in time of peace.. . With respect to the state of illorrocco, the nullity of 14 forces, the dissentions which have arisen tietween the claimants of the Throne, and, above all, the'exCellent condition of our fortresses in Africa, leave nothing to. fear ifi that quarter. It is true that Ceuta, as well is the` other pssAbiiiioni in that part of the•world, requires a competent garrison, and continual sepairS 'in the fortifications. be reason to fear the powerful measures which the inhabit.; ants would have it in their power to adopt; but, fortunately, only the rural population have hitherto taken part in the rebel lion ; the population 'of the towns have decidedly declared them: selves favourable to the just cause. It has been found that almost all the small and inland towns have joined the insurrection, while all the large towns on the coast have decidedly opposed it. Hence it may be iriferred,`that the Catalonians have been misled by the. corporations, or indhrichials who are interreSted in•the : eounter-revolution,. and suborned by foreign money.— Where the people are well informed, there has been no rebel, lidn ; where ignorance and snperstition prevail, it has marched With rapid strides. • It may also be inferted, that the present misery of Catalonia, occasioned by. the fever at Barcelona, and'aboye all by th'e hiss of the trade with America, has had an influence in producing • iliscontent ; for the inhabitants,- being absolutely deprived of the. means of subsistence, resolved to take up arms in a war which was recommended from the pulpit,- and by which .old raneOurs and animosities - have been. ,revived. Thus maybe explained the motive which actuated the people of Catalonia, who have at all times been so zealously watchful oftheir-liber ties, and haVe now declared thenelves the. defenders of insti tutionsintrodneed to the country in consequence of the victories ohtained - over their ancestors. - The revalUtion in Catalonia was commenced in the mouth of April by the band of Misas, which was shortly joined by thdt .of Mosen Anton .Goll. In. May it became, general, and the four provinces of that district were in• a few days the prey of civil discord: 'From that mOthent the forces_ and proceedings of the rebels became formidable fortunately, luiviever, the few troops'of the 7th district lost no time in proceeding to the prin cipal points, where they - obtained signal triumphs. Th&Gene ral of the 7th district gave orders for the occupation of all. the• fortified posts, as well as those which though unfortified were of: any importance. Such was the state.of this district at the latter end of the month, that the General declared, with good reason, that be should find it impossible to maintain his ground with-. out pionipt aid of every kind. The Government speedily - adopted every, step which the urgent state of - affairs rendered necessary.. In the month of June the insurrection increased still more considerably. The factitius committed horrible assassinations on individuals belonging to the constitutional party ; they in vaded new districts--- - sacked many towns—and augmented their columni ; but the constitutianal.troops marched on every point, - arid destroyed : the factious wherever they met them. Several Mums gloriouSly repulsed the factious, even without the aid of the regular troops ; but, in spite of this firm and,persevering • conduCt on .the part of the troops, and inhabitants deyoted to the constitution, the 7th district sustained a severe 'loss, through the fitetions. party- gaining poSseision of the forts of SeO de Urgcl. in Jul- the insurrection continued its progress, and the troops continued to oppose it at every point. Mantimportant opera.' tions were-effected, in which the local militia of the different towns tool; .a considerable part, as did also the miqueletes or light troops of the natives of the country, raised at the expence et the inhabitants. But the influence of the taking of Sco do was sensibly felt amidst all these - triumphs, since. it enabled thefaetiolisto t inaintain a tranquil position in the midst ,of the plain of Catalonia, and in the course of this Month it was oliserveel that they liettassurned a form of adthinistration and government. In The .moUth of August. the insurrection acquired new strength, and though it was hoped that they would receive a decided bla* . in - the 'monastery of San Ramon, which they had fortified, yet that expectation was not realized. Protected by their position at Seo de Urge], the insurgents organized a go nment Junta for the provin&, and attained to so high a pitch of insolence, as to instal in that town a self-styled regency. • composed of three individuals (Mata Florida, Creus, and Ereles)e notedfor their constant aversion to. liberal ideas; TO September the insurgents received a fresh encouragement from the retention of San Ramon, and the return of the Trap .pist with the ic-inforcement of eawada. But it is hoped that the insurrection, will : . rapidly di finish,. and' finally be totally iipl:res::,(l on the apprearance of General Mina in Catalonia. . ART. :...ziir.—I2SI.7III4ECTION TN.' THE OTHER. PItOVINCES - - • THE,VEN12.13111....1.. tions in addition to the Commandnt-General of the same dis trict. The appointment for this employment fell upon an officer eminently qualified for the situation ; for, besides being a decided advocate of the constitutional system, and having suf. fered persecutions, for the liberty of his country, he signalized himself in a distinguised manner during . the last war, and pos sesses a thorough knowledge of mountain-warfare, which is the duty in which the troops under his command will be engaged. In connection with these Generals have been established the corresponding staffs foi facilitating the directions of the mill tarn operations, and notwithstanding that the principal staff' decreed by the. organic. law of , the. army was not yet formed, nor were there the means of forming it, his Majesty's Govern. :thent supplied its deficiency by a provisional one composed of well merited officers 'all devoted to the defence of th e j us t :cause, and many, of thelnsersed in the precious lessons of the late war. It is not my intention to discuss the reasons why the law de creed by the Cortes for replacing the deficiencies of the army has not been carried into effect. Most of these reasons are sufficiently notorious, and the principal causes have been the epidemia in Catalonia and Andalusia in 1821, and the unfortu nate tendency or the insurrection which has taken place this year in several provinces of the Peninsula: But it is plain that if 62,000 were thought sufficient in tranquil times for the pub lic service, it is impossible noF to perform that service with 52,000 men, at a period when internal intrigues and foreign protection have excited a war of the most fatal description, and armed Spaniards against Spaniards. - CHAPTER Hr. PRESENT MILITARY ATTITUDE OF TIIE INSURGENTS IN VARIOUS PROVINCES OF THE PENINSULA. We must now turn our eyes tOthe Melancholy picture of the insurrection which has been excited in Mirland by superstition, fanaticisth, sordid interest, and ambition, assisted by foreign co-operation, and the drioadful CalaMi ties of famine and plague - with which our country has been affiictea. But for this combination, the fatal genius of discord, would never have found shelter in Spain, 'whose.inhabitants *ere Imo, 'nimous in their cry :for liberty, unanimous in - its proclamation', and unanimous in soliciting their representativesfor the reform )(if those abuses 'which had been so long ,( A3osed to their pres . peri ty and their rights. Spain was advancing majestically in the career of liberty - , and* was affording a vroof, in the tranquillity and content of her inhabitants of tne possibility;...in this enlightened age of passing without convulsion froM a statetf igrthrance - and despotism to one of knowledge and rational liberty. The Cortes were assembled, abuses were reformed, . new institu tions were established, with so much Order - and • harmony, that Spain was under this new nspect the admiration of the _universe, as much as she had before been in the arduous under taking of resisting Buonaparte. Some nations wished to imi tate her example, and, in short, the pOlitical code of Spain served as a model, and was adopted by... several European nations. _ • On the other hand, military chiefs on whoin the Govern ment may rely have been 'placcdtat the head of the districts and provinces. It is not to be inferred from this _that , those who previously OEII those situations did not inspire confidence, but in consequenco of the ill health of some, and .the desire of others to be exonerated, from private and _personal motives, the Go vernment thought proper to appoint others in their stead.— There are now placed at th e head of all the districts and 'provinces, officers of cecided patriotism, who, by 'their physical disposition, and the opinions they profes.s, are qualified success fully to discharge their duties.• .Besides these provisions, kilos been thought proper to take advantage of the.power granted by the Cortes for extraordinary occasion--that is, to. declare in a state of war those military districts in which such a measure was absolutely necessary. The Government has applied this Measure to the fifth and seventh districts, in which the insur •rection has manifested itself in a scandalous Manner; and though t there would be a• suf f icient excuse for subjecting the sixth and eighth also -to this severe law, it has been thought advisable to suspend for the present that declaration, on the ground that the insurrection has not yet extended so far in these as in the former: Doubtless, it may soon be: necessary to have recourse to this rigorous measure, and in that case-the Government will not fail to apply to it. • • . • The s• This Day was published, price Is. l et"nd dition, corrected, with considerable Additions, Th --LE MARRIAGE ACT,- 3 ,Qe0.,4, C. ar,, n Passed 9.2 d • JulY, isea, and an POBSTRACT thereof, '„Pe eti g t ,d under the following beads, 'viz. Repealing, Retro isatirt;e and General Clauses; .11,1arriage. .Licences; . and ( `'astr " •Nlarriage; with Nines and: Observations on its Aniciatnetion ; together with an Appendix of the Fnrms of l !'er e i ti s a required - by the Act, House of Lords, and of tare proposed Amendments " noir • of the I r ote. , negatived bth the entered on the Lords' Journals ; and an Index to y 13Y "BERT PHILIP TYRWPIITT, Esq. Of the Middle Temple. book ""l'rs , P43, F rinted for reet . Joseph • Butterworth and Son, Law sel ltiS leet.si Also, price l he p u t„ittiCTlON S to CLERGYNIEN, SURROGATES, and New ~"Lies'on the d atit , of Marriage Licences, under the Po rt 'larria.ge r Geo. IV. c. 75, with the necessary it t " obtain the d same •to which are added, sinne short Jtln.Y" , as to Marriage by Banns. By John Sliephard, Commons, Proctor. ' 4 QUARTERLY REVI.EIV, No. LIV. ART. 11.-GENERAL. IDEA OF THE FORCE OF THE ACTIVE MILITIA. The former Ministry endeavoured to supply the deficiencies of the army by some corps of the national militia, which they were authorized to call out by the Cortes. The present Mi nistry,lon taking possession of the reins of the Government, availed themselves of the same authority, and placed all the corps of the active militia under arms. But this resource is far from being sufficient to meet the urgent object of tranquillizing the provinces, re-establishing the empire of the law,,and main taining the liberal institutions to which we have sworn. The reductions made in the permanent army by the COrte? were de- Creed under the .supposition that the force of the active militia would be augmented to 87,000 men, which has not been done. Nothing had then occurred to require an increase of force : but as the pacific hopes which were then entertained have been dis appointed, it cannot be doubted' that the Cortes will concur with the Government in considering the actual force of the army and the active militia insufficient.. • This glorious circumstance, .whichaffords the best eulogium of our institutions, is precisely the principal cause of our pr& sent sufferings. The genius of despotism is alartned—trembles for the existence Of his cherished ystem—foresees its total ruin —and, deaf to the cries of liberty which•surround hiin; silently and secretly prepares the ruin, of those nations which, having made themselves free,` - will not all - out - him to interfere with their internal affairs. Vroppau and Laybach are the peintS it/bleb' these horrible machinations are constructed,—and it is Troppau and Laybach that originate the evils with which we are afflicted. In •1821 the influence of despotism was little felt in the Pen- • insula, and, consequently, the anti-revolutionary prQjects.mani= tested there.were in very small proportion. A few maliciosw 'fanatics, or deluded fools, were all who dared oppose the'pro-' gress of the system ; and in a short time the Government, with the co-operation,of the Cartes, put a stop to these crimes by an examplary punishment of their authors. But, in l 822; the spirit of rebellion has spread to‘an extraordinary degree, through ,means of the insidious suggestions of all kinds which have been', uttered ae-ainst. the happy institutions which Spain enjoys" through the efforts of her sons. 'The' insurrection commenced in the provinces ,of Navarre and Catalonia about the middle of last April. , At first the in surgents - more readily assumed the character of banditti than of enemies to the political system of the rtati6n. !Their -nuM bers, their condition, and their conduct, in no way distinguish- - ed them from common highway robbers. In the month of- May their forces were increased and their new object began to • discover itself. In June the conspiracy' became extraordinarily enlarged, insurgents entered from France ,and. Navarre,. the peaceful Arrago began to yield, -and ca&lonia experienced the sensible loss of the SeO de trrgel, With all her - fortresses. : In • July the sedition of the corps of the Royal Household - gave astonishing spirit to the rebels, who extended their machina tions into fresh provinces, _and_ infected with their bad' example some of the corps of .The defeat experienced 14' limn at Madrid on the 7th of that month'must have proved a mortal blow to their operations, if they had ntit beert,ia.tbe en, ey ment of foreitm protection. Thus, instead of beingextinguish ed, they gained new spirit, and took posseision of the castle of Alequinenza. In the month of August theenumber of the insurgents continued to increase, "testi some bold operations were observed among them—such ets.t4e,passage,eftheirtroops of the 7th district to the Lth,• and thek.rerarn, which indicate the existence of a combined plan, and give a foreign character to their movements. This suspicion is confirmed by the deser s tion which took place during that imonth of some unworthy Spaniards, who, though in the enjoyment of considerable posts in this- coduntry, either put themselves at the head of the in, purgent troops, or formed a part in their pretended regency. During the present month, the faction has been paralysed' by the efforts of Government, which has adopted with energy every Meashre to which it can possibly have recourse in the cir cumscribed limits to which its faculties are reduced. CHAPTER V. GENERAL IDEA OF THE MEASUREs WHICH THE, WAR MI-, NISTRY CONSIDERS *ECESSARY AND URGENT, .AND WHICH WILL BE SUCCESSIVELY SUBMITTED TO THE , CORTES IN. PARTICULAR ESTIMATES. For what has been alreadystated in this exposition, the Con gress :must be convinced that his Majesty's Government has not at iti disposal, either sufficient forces or the pecutiary means necessary for meeting the demands of the public service. What, then, would he the situation of the country, if the diffi culties were to increase, while the insurrection, instead of being extinguished, is spreading; and while some foreign powers May wish, or consider themselves bound to interfere in our internal affairs ? The facility with which the insurrection has risen, from perfect insignificance to a state calculated to 'create alarm, and the suspicions which must. be entertained of the intentions, not only of,our neighbour France, but of all that confederation of Potentates known under the name of the Holy Alliance, renders it necessary for his Majesty's GovernMent to demand of the Cortes sufficient means for producing a state of activity, capable of defeating the plans of our enemies: these means, the necessity for which is imperious, resolve themseS'es into four classes, viz.—the recruiting of the army ; the 'recruit , ing of the active militia; the prompt organization of new bat talions of the militia ; and pecuniary supplies. ART. ]EVIL—THE RECRUITING OF THE ARMY. It has been already shown, that the•standing army amounts only to about 52.000mcn, including the household troops - which mutinied in July last. It may be reckoned that the deficien cies which have occurred since the accounts were made up will amount to 2,500 men. On 'this . .supposition, 10,000 men will be wanted to complete the 62,403 granted-for, the army by the decree of the Cortes of the Bth of June last. But, from what has before been stated, this force would be insufficient. His Majesty's Government is therefore Irtrivatked that the army ought to be• placed on a footing between . a peace and a war establishment. Under this view the Cortes are formally called upon to grant a levy of 29,973 men'tiver and above those-grant ed by the decree of June last, and nr em ou nt ( 47,983 cavatry. ART.XVIII.-.-TIIEJLECRAH T LNG GI , THE ACTIVE MILITIA. When the Cortes On the 18th of November last, passed the organic decree for the national militia, it w as not to be expect ed that the country would so soon want the active services of that corps. The idea on which its formation w a s founded, was that of being as little burdensome as possible to "thepeople ; and it was intended so to consolidate this valuable institution, that the soldiers who compose it should serve the country necessary occasions, and in time of peace return gradually, arid, as it were, insensibly into the bosom of their families But the present difficulties have not permitted the philanthropic, views of the legislature to be carried into effect. Succours arc earnestly demanded, and the Government is under the painfiil necessity of soliciting of the Cortes an alteration in artielei and 9of the said organic decree. Were not this to be done, it might happen that the present battalions of the militia would be greatly reduced before the secondof the six appointed drasv ings could take place. In a particular pioposition, accompanied by the opinion of the Council of State, the Minister will, by his Majesty's order, solicit from the Cortes the necessary 'Measures for this object. . • ART. XIX.—OF THE SUPPLY REQUIRED FOR THE SERVICE ART. HI.--GENERAL IDEA OF. THE PRESENT STATE OF THE CLOTHING; MOUNTING, AND EQUIPMENT OP THE PERMANENT ARMY AND, OF THE ACTIVE MILITIA. The present clothing, mounting, and equipittent of the army and the militia are, generally speaking, in a bad state, and are every day hecOming worse, in consequence of the rapidity of the movements,.the great Patigue of the operations ( the rtigget surface of the theatre of war, and the character of the enemy to whom the national trizoPs are opposed. Thus the Congress will perceive . the difficulties under which Government' labours, and the justice of its appeal to the assistance of its legislative: authority. ART. IV.-GENERAL IDEA OF THE MATERIAL or THE ARTILLERY. The material of the artillery is not in a more satisfactory con dition. Few of the magazines destroyed during the war of in dependence have been re-established, and the troops are Conti -finally in want of fresh supplies of ammunition. Two of ou r fortresses, which are still in the possession of the rebels, as well as some other considerable points in which they have fortified them Selves, must be retaken, and those which thie valour of our troops have preserved must be armed in such a manner as to secure their possession. The nature of these circumstances calls for immediate and .extraordinary measures ; and Government would be wanting in its duty if it were to neglect to lay them before the Cortes. . : In some other provinces of the Peninsula there has been in surrections. more or less formidable according to the lesser or greater resources which the factious have had at their com mand '; but all has been suppressed through the energy of the Government, the efficient operation 'of the troops and militia, and the circumstance of 'the factious being deprived of foreign support. On the 7th of July a formidable insurrection was put down at Aladrid. A similar, though not an equally speedy and glorious issue, attended the commotion of Cordova, Cid ? dad Real, Clump, and Malaga, which were excited by the mutiny . of , the Carabineers, and the affairs of Seguenza and the Serrama'cle Ronda. ART. V.-GENERAL IDEA OF THE STATE OF THE FOR- TRESSES, AND OF THE ENGINEER MATERIAL. The observations which have been made relatively to the ma terial of the artiilery will equally well apply to the engineer material. The fortresses armed by the former must by the latter be placed in a proper state of defence. We must tallow the example of the rebels in fortifying places for the protection of our operations, and we must endeavour to take proper mea sures to prevent the recurrence of such considerable losses as - those of La Seo de Urge' and Mequinenza, and to deprive the enemy of their points of support, without which their efforts will be far less likely to succeed. X.—ATTITUDE OF THE INSURGENTS IX TIIE FIFTI MILITARY DisT n rcT. ART. VI.-GENERAL IDEA OF THE STATE OF MILITARY 'ADMINISTRATION. will be published On Tuesday. I. t CONTENTS. N n ...or d 8.. r0n / 's Tiramas—Narino Faliero,. , S n ardanapalus, r c h . .. II the Fortunes of Nigel. 111. Gre u ci u , i _a i n la d G of ot t h h i e c N w i ttetu re i a their Application. to the . ldi cov ered rc e s . IV . e . Chit h On Antediluvian Fossil Bo b nes—dis- A l l /h e D 'n a Cave at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, in the year 18.21; Narrative of a Second ‘ ) ltrn .'"' W• B""13"11, F.R.S.V.b the Rev. John haiC4,„ ,” in the Interior of South Africa; . e l4ell • NI. Civil and Constitution ß a . i n l t l l i a s y m to , ry of Rome; ° I l) a :I i ! . Y Batikes, M, P. VII. • e3' I on the Art 4 r G I , "Ig Juries. VIII. Pane j g e y r ri l e n al - L nd Funeral Oratory n" d ece-- Eturtuence of Gorgias. IX. Campaigns 'in the ,`)/c t .tt s - 1, Milne r , Occurrences of the late , W•ir between 14t2 i1: . " -it ain and A 3 merica, by . W.Jarnes-2,S_li r et . hes of the Il eaeri r 't with Anecdotes of the . Individual .b -13 ; . -e , ry of the ""1 h t i:',9 Sailors, Soldiers, and Citizens J. L I . lionlson 44 4(1 ‘ • I ' llar Y Administration of Sir , George y Prevost in the fa ' 4S • X. Plain Preaching, or Sermons fer the Poor, and l ' i ll.7! )ie of all Ranks ; with Miscellan ) and Menioirs of t anti n " - ; By the Her. It. 11113Y"'• Xl.l" Pestilence, &c. ; by T. les Pla tie and Qua- Ilan, e * -- 1, Laws and Phenomena of eorna-,.°Fh, 11 1. D.--9., On the Plague, designed .to prove it th e t b _ l( ttis ; by Sir A. B. Faulkner, 4, Cjvatit concerning the Plague; by C. , A1.1).-1, esearches iu M- lean M.D.— C: '"lttq l( !'nee before the Select Committee on ' l c e DoCtrine of l' ever! l ` ) . 4 its Plagne-5,s On Small-pwr, Measl t e i s . , d iin F d x S te c i a a rl o et f /he s e ' nY Itobeit Willan, M•a-6, Nature an S tonli c h u 'itY info d d by Vaccination against the Attacks of pri, - e 4 l ; l)v J r . T e homsou, M.D. t fu r 4oli N Mu RRAY, Albemarle-street, London. -ittl, MILITARY MAD E TO T -- H ORTES E IL ITARY STATE . OF SPAIN. p ob . --14."--- VITAORDI- E C ~„ _ 411 1:: V I A V . THE ' -'tit SECRETARY OF _STATE . FOR DEPARTMENT, OCT. 8, RU2. I,to d e INTRODUCTION. 4JeDmi—monstrate the necessity for the worthy I neis - " °8 of the Nation adopting those military the-41'es Which are requisite to its safety, and e o f ti t i l i r , i gen cY. of calling them to the considera G iop Pere--most -- important subject, his Majesty's o r: kaent will recapitulate the state of the ye , - --rei , qui "It Public force, and the aids which . it . re- PnWe r s ": t ne military attitude of neighbouring Ill ilit'' 48 well as of the factious—the general t lite t , rY Measures which have already been underf 111e - t° r epel the aggressions of the enemies h o , here°fnotry, and those which seem proper to e , ltin,a,:ter resorted to in order to support' the con 11i 5 " , 41 system so h a ppily es t a blished in Spain. hble tila jesty's Government, pursuing that e ,„ a . NI frank course w hi c h i s suitable to 44' Insti tutions and faithful to the sacred oath State of s upport ' the constitution against ever; ' t at , , i nanger, will conceal nothing, but will Vial l.4 l e- R il it " the most perfect sincerity, what t ou s r - "ußtion i s, „... th e ,_ in the hope that theCor e , 4 -1 11 pfc knowledge and authority it possesses, t he e`;", enciously contribute to sec u re us agamst , It heth - : ac ks and machinations of all enemies, ti atric `r external or internal. Great are the sottemosces which this must demand, and burden- - Pose 2 7 measures which it is necessary to pro V ieli ' 14 great also are the' objects we hav e i in e ffiVe great the sublime work of which we hav e or b il ii; ° ( l 9l 9e world a glorious example, and no t/1 Wh• L en some would be the loss of that liberty 11 fi lt4 s omany great efforts have been made, tIN C - t °4l o * - hiC h lye 'on such well-founded groun , s Or felicity. tit CHAPTER I. '3 ,4 1 ' 1 , I) A. OF THE ACTUAL STATE OF THE BRAN CHE S RDE. I';,,ISTRATION DEPENDING ON THE NY A 3 1 -.C tN i - ;', l' I N zuaorr,- , THE ISLANDS, AND THE AD- Of ATI 0 , 4 T - 'SSESSIoNs. the ~:i . t° exhibit in a clear point of view the existing state t'lifferej'tarY force, it will be necessary briefly to advert to the )c4 rair i t °lsieCts under the direction of the IVal Ministry—t o . th e ar il : it" exten t of the personal and material branches of thethe (li st etn ibt ee, the pecuniary supplies Which it requires, and ributionand ; employment which is given to it under the \rhieb, I"eutustances. Such is the subject of this article, t4N rlcli: r the greater distinctness, is divided into articles cor. 4‘llll er.: with the principal p o i n t s w hich it embraces. .4.--(II`ZEIIAL IDEA OF THE FORCE OF THE i Ille f n P ERMANENT ARMY. 41 20 t . , -tee Of the Spanish army was reduced by the Cortes of Illit ed t i r t , ettil Y 130,000 men, and its amount has since been li i1,1114rills; Z i e t ( 7)1 0 0. i . The poverty of the public treasury, the ~Pain l Ystely, Irait. archy e: alleviating the public burdens, the .existing of Europe, which guaranteed the integrity of titsh k on and the facility of calling out the a?,- tclll4elttenicae'ltic4lhtless dictated these determinations. The reduced t A " a S, however been, that the army is now t hill'il abrid . Ile3seeti..Pl 'translation is given of the articles, but no- IS omitted. obert :n jj long he . s tO " dice' Prt, A• )f resenqa „,, r. 1 -• Ltfor the opo tog lota rricei6o 004, iptO tb o ct Jo" beiP Rev' 04. 'oriP A gPor ow yr , Dde 4V112' Ag e ' o f be Ti" . sty i ie a l.4c ~e'sl P " „ 11 • e .ro, I 'l4 oriit cA::: pro' oe lo Prig sli , ! 1 00/ v ir ° ! ' • pt The foundation of the present system of military administra tion is of so late a date, that there has not yet been sufficient time for it to develop the advantages which must infallibly re sult from its organization. The want of money, and the in crease of expences, have hitherto prevented the military admi nistration from making that progress in the system of order and economy which was the object of its institution. CHAPTER 11. PRESENT MILITARY ATTITUDE OF THE POWERS BOR DERING ON PENINSULAR SPAIN AND THE ADJACENT POSSESSIONS. The Cortes have, in Chapter I. of this Memoir,. been pre sented with a general view of the permanent armed force of the nation. They will in the present, And in,the fbllowing chapter, be made acquainted with the military attitude of the confine powers, as well as with as with that of the rebel force. The rapid coup d'ccil which will be takencof this subject will furnish the most convincing proofs of the ne&ssit'y of incl.easing the armed force, and of putting it in a condition to support the political system which the nation has adopted, and to secure the internal tranquillity of the country. ART. VII.-MILITARY ATTITUDE OF FRANCE. In the speech delivered by Lotus XVIII. at the opening of the last Session of the Chambers, it seems to have been formally declared, that the troops assembled in the Pyrennees had no other object than the execution of sanatory mea sures.- The , repeated assurances of peace and good understand which have been given to us in the official correspondence of that Government, corresponded with this statement. But at the same time it has been observed, that the chiefs of the Spanish conspiracies arrange in France their plans of aggression and hostility ; that France has given a reception to the factious, who found no other means of evading the active and well-directed pursuit of the national forces ; that in France these factidus bands have been enabled to make preparations which could not easily have been effected without the permission of the Govern ment of the country, and which must have required such large sums of money as could not wholly have been derived from Spain ; and finally, that the French Government has given orders for assembling in Bayonne, Toulouse, Perpignan, and other parts of the frontier, a considerable foice of artillery and infantry, and a vast store of provisions, greatly exceeding what could for a length of time be required for the supply of the pre sent number of troops and fortresses. Thus, whatever may be the protection or connivance which the conspirators against our present system have experienced from France, and whatever may be the intentions of the French Government, Spain, ob serving these facts, and prudently conjecturing as to the possi bility of the views of the Holy Alliance, must not abandon her fate to . the will of foreigners, or to uncertain contingencies. Cir cumstances require that Spain should provide against every event, and that for this end, and in order to appear on the political stage of Europe with the respectability due to hei cha racter, the military resources mow at the disposal of the Govern ment should be augmented. ART. VIII.-rRESENT MILITARY ATTITUDE OF POR- TUGAL. The millitary stale of Portugal is reduced tO its minimum, for the seine reasons which dictated the reduction of the Spanish permanent armed, force ; and on those points of her frontier which comeimmediately in contact with ours, those troops only are maintained which are necessary for the preservation of order, and the custody of the places. Thus nothing is to be feared from Portugal; on the contrary, it is rather to be presumed that the Government of that kingdom will always be ready to fur nish to his Majesty, in case of extremity, every assistance it can afford. ART. IX.-PRESENT MILITARY ATTITUDE OF ENGLAND AND MOROCCO, AS FAR AS REGARDS GIBRALTAR, THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF CEUTA, AND THE AFRICAN POS SESSIONS. With regard to the fortress of Gibraltar, England retains Of all the districts which border cn France, the fifth is that which has longest been infested with factious banditti. This has been owing to the instigations..hf the quondam General Egnia,and other perverse Spaniards, who, resiiiing in Bayonne, have employed themselves in intrigues for keeping the adjoin ing provinces in a state of rebellion. But since the month of April last, at which time it appears the plan for subverting the Spanish Government began to be pat in motion, the activity of thoSe traitors has been much more open and mischievous. They have recruited banditti for invading our territory ; they have made purchases of arms, clothing, and horSeS, for the same purpose. They hate been supplied with treasures, the source of which it is easy to conjec ture, and which have not all proceeded from the Peninsula, to meet those expenees, and to foment and maintain the insurrec tion in the provinces. Nevertheless, the insurrection in the fifth district has nothing in it to excite alarm. There have been moments when it was more active, but it,is now reduced almost to a nullity. The operations of the factious have had no determined object—their plan has merely been to excite every where commotions. The ringleader appears to be Quesada, though always *dependent upon Eguia. They have been unable to form any system of administration or government, because they-have never held possession of any territory . in this district. , They have, how ever, in pursuance of their usual plan, organized a superior Junta at had, a place situated in the midst of frests,. close' to the French frontier which they have fortified with artillery,' and which forms a kind of base for their operations. 'This . is the only point they possess in the whole Of this district.; but it is one in which they place much interest, as it contriliutes to enable them to intercept the public correspondence. ART. XI.-ATTITUDE OF THE' INSURGENTS OF TEE SIXTH MILITARY DISTRICT, AND THE CONTIGUOUS PROVINCE OF CATALONIA. This district was in the beginning the most tranquil of the three which border on France, but the faZtious.Who roamed about its territory soon succeeded in exciting , dicord. Slight commotions took place in the months of May and Jane, but in the month of July there appeared symptoms of a general in surrection—the consequence of the operations in Navarre and Catalonia, the loss of Seo de Urgel, the taking of Marella, and the affair of Siguenza. But' the most important occurrence. of that month was the loss of Mequinenza. in the month of August, the re-conquest of Mequinenza was seriously contemplated, but the excursion of the Trappist from Catalonia to Navarre, _and his return with Quesada to 'Catalonia, required the continued attention of all the troops in the district.. At present_ the province of Cala tayud is tranquil, as is also that of Saragossa . In the province of - Huesca, the insurgents have fortified a. point. They have obtained several triumphs in this quarter, which have lately been augmented by the defeat of pact of the column of Ta buenea. The character of the insurrection in this district is less serious than in the other two which adjoin France, because the country is less accessible to foreign instigation, and because there always has been since the'beginping a disposition to stifle the commotion. The disturbances have always been excited by factions from other districts. ,The insurgents possess no forti. fled point in *e territory except Mequinenza, and there is no information of their having organized any . system of adMinis tration, or of their having formed a governing junta. ART. XII.-ATTITUDE OF THE INSURGENTS OF THE 7TH _ :NIILITAR'Sr DISTRICT. Inthis district the insurrection has assumed so decided and formidable an aspect, that the Government has determined to establish in it an army of operation. The disturbed state of Catalonia is the more remarkable, for, until the beginning of the present year, there appeared no symptom of insurrection in that part of the country, and the principal towns, such as Barcelona, Reus, Tarragona, Manresa, Mataro, &c., were alway s distinguished for a truly constitutional spirit ; and the revolu tion here is the more to be feared, as the mountainous nature of the country is in an extraordinary - degree favourable to re sistance.' If the revolution were general in the; th district, there would .on, some (Alter points public tranquillity , has been tempo. ratify disturbed, but as speedily- re-established. The greatest evil produced by these latter commotions has been the inter ruption of public correspondence for a few days. The Go vernment has, however, re-established the communications. This is a succinct picture of the present insurrection in the different provinces• of the Peninsula, and from it may be de duced two consequences most flattering to the cause of liberty : let, That the army is the firmest support of that cause ;- 2 , 11 y, That among tfiose devoted to it is to be numbered the rnosecw.lightened, the most industrious, and the most wealthy part of the Spartis'a nation. CHAPTER IV. GENERAL IDEA OF .TIIE MEASURES EMPLOYED BY THE MINISTER OF WAR IN AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER LAST TO )tErgx. THE AGGHEESIONS OF TIE ENEMIES OF MBE RT y• The Cintes have already been made acquainted with the mi. litary attitude of the neighbouring Powers, and of the factions which have manifested themselves in the Peninsula. In the view which has just been taken, . they will observe also, those points of our territory which have been subject to insnrettion, those which are threatened with it, and those in which the pub lic spirit creates 'some dread of its appearance. I shall now proceed to eXplain the measures adopted by my department to crush the insupection in its commencement, and cause it to dis appear from the land. ART. XIV.- MOVEMENT AND DESTINATION OF THE TROOPS OF THE PERMANENT ARMY. As soon as the insurrection made its appearance in the nor thern.and eastern provinces, that is to say in May last, no time was lost in directing thither all the troops which the Govern ment had then at its disposal. The greater part of the force of the permanent army has already been conveyed to those dis tricts, and only so many troops as are absolutely necessary for the custody and security of larticular points remain. Thus, by conveying some by sea, and marchinvithers across the country, it has been so contrived that troops-from various quarters have arrived at the disturbed districts at the same time. AItT. XV -THE REASONS WHICH INDUCED GOVERNMENT TO PLACE UNDER ARMS THE. WHOLE OF THE ACTIVE MILITIA. It has already been stated that the Cortes, before the con clusion of their last ordinary sitting, authorized Government to place Older arms a certain number of the troops of the active militia, to assist the permanent army in the execution of the new Military views which present themselves, and which, since the last ordinary sitting of the Cortes, increased so considerably in consequence of the progress of the insurrection and tie events of the last days of June, and the Ist of July last, that an in crease of force was found necessary to make up for the defi ciency caused by the insurrection in the corps of the infantry •and cavalry of the Royal Guard, and some troops of the active militia. Under these circumstances, the Government did not hesitate to have recourse to the employment of the whole of the active militia, 'even previous to teeming the sanction of the Cortes, both because the safety of the country demanded it, and because the authority granted by the Cortes to the late Minister for the employment of a part of the force, did actually in a certain manner authorize the employment of whole, in case circum stances should require it. ART. XVI:-ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY Or OPERA- TrONS, ARD THE APPOINTMENT OF MILITARY CHIEFS OF DISTRICTS AND PROVINCES. In order that these forces might receive a proper direction, the Government thoukht proper to organize them into armies of operations, and determined this organization with a view to the class of war to which those forces were previously destined. To the Commandants-General of the sth and 6th districts was confided the command and direction of the troops of their re spective districts and, with regard to the 7th district, in con sideration of its importance, and the character of the insurrec tion of its provinces, as well as the difficulty of its communi cations, and the complexity of its coasts and frontiers, it was determined to appoint a General in Chief of the army of opera. OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT. It would be idle to seek to prove that an increase of military force requires an additional supply of pecuniary means. But it is necessary to remind the Cortes that the supply must not be merely what that increase would require, but must be suffi cient to meet the' pressing 'wants of the war department. .Ex planations have already been given on the deficiency of cloth ing, equipments, and mountings for the army; on the es.hausted state of the auxiliary magazines • and on the lamentable decay of our fortresses. It has been shown that the army is alone supported by its own *Jour, decision, patriotism, and firm ad hesion to the constitutional system, but that it is destitute of those aids and supplies which are indispen s able to it s proper maintenance. The removal of those wants is therefore most urgent. It is important that the troops should not be made to sustain privations which may at last weaken their enthusiasm. It is above all things necessary to enable them to make war in such a manner, that by shortening the durations of its evils, its effects may e less injuriously felt. You must therefore be convinced, that it will be proper to supply the department under my charge with means sufficient to accomplish such important objects, and his Majesty's Government firmly re solved to put down all the efibrts of the evil disposed, will de mand from the Cortess, through the Minister of Finance, those supplies which may be considered necessary to render effectual the triumph of the national armies, and that noble cause which they defend. ART. XX.-VARIOUS MILITARY REGULATIONS. Finally, that nothing may be left undone in the impoikant task of securing the tranquillity of the sante, and the advance ment of our sacred institutions, .there will be proposed to the Congress, such changes in the military organization, as may be considered requisite under the present circumstances. ' The organical law for the standing army, and the decree for the national active militia, were framed under the supposition that public tranquillity was not likely .to be at any time dis turbed ; and that the country was far from being about to ex perience the insurrection of any part of its inhabitants. To carry into effect the provisions of these laws, more time was requisite than the extraordinary exigencies of the present times afford, especially when many of the measures necessarily con nected with the transition from one system to another were not yet carried into effect. Is it extraordinary, then, that it should now be found indispensable to alter or suspend some of the articles of these laws, or to supply their'deficiencies by new provisions ? His Majesty's Government, desirous that the national trocris should obtain the regulations best calculated to secure the sun. cessful issue of its services, has made suitable arrangement's with the inspectors for their proposing what may seem pttria.- - .. towards the attainment of this object. The inspectors, bemg particularly charged with the organization of- the forces,_*are the persons most capable of judging of the good or bad . effectS of the mode of organization which has been decreed.. They are well able to inform the Government of the advantages or the defects of all measures connected with the troops tinder their care. Their observations will be transmitted to Cite Go vernment, which will submit those observations, with its. opi4. ma y sanction thereon, to the Cortes, in order that the CongreSS sanction those measures which it is not competent for the exe cutive power to adopt. Possessed of these data, the wisdom and patriotism of the Cortes will doubtless discover the means of securing the liberty of our country, to which great object will always be devoted • his Majesty's Government, the valiant Spanish army, and both the militias, which have already acquired so much glory ialke defence of our sacred rights. Madrid, Oct. 1. • MIGUEL LOPEZ BANOS.