The Sun. — London, England, 1822-04-10 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. fARIS, APRIL 7.—Letters from the banks of the Dwirta state that the Russian troops are r'larching towards the Danube. Within the last fo , w days five regiments of cavalry had arrived at Riga, and considerable transports of munitions are proceeding to Odessa. As soon as the roads are-passable hostilities will commence. A letter from Strasburg announces that several z•gricers of the garrison have been arrested. A letter from Rennes, of the 3d, mentions the arrest of twelve individuals belonging to that town, who have been sent to the prison of La Toar le Bat. It is asserted that they are impli cated in the conspiracy of Saumur and the revolt of .General Berton; - On Friday there was a diplomatic meeting at the hotel of Sir Charles Stuart, the English Ambassador. A Nuremberg article of the 31st ult., after .alentioning the particulars already known of the ,negociations at Constantinople previous to the •28th of February, says— •' On that day (Feb.2S) the Turkish Govern ment threw down the gauntlet, and it remains to be seen whether Russia will take it up. Accord ing to the system of newsmongers, Russia ought to do so, in order to avenge her honour and make profitable conquests. But perhaps the Emperor Alexander will look down with contempt on the insults of the Divan ; and as to conquests, this iNloaarch has always declared that he does not - wish for them. The refusal of the Court of 'Vienna to receive the Turkish Note seems to be .a step taken in order that it may declare to the Ottoman Cabinet that Russia is ignorant of it, either for the purpose of enabling the Europeau Powers to make .another attempt to preserve -peace, or to obtain time to conclude a convention on the measures to be taken in common against Turkey." ODES3A, MARCH 12.--The new accounts which :we receive from Constantinople, .of the date of the 7th, confirm the previous statements of the enthusiasm excited in the Turks by the fall of Ali Pacha. This intoxication of success has al ready cost the lives of , many innocent Greeks ; scenes of barbarity and ferocity have been re newed in the capital, and the people are eager for war. The Reis Effendi, in the conference of the 16th of February, held pretty temperate language to the British Ambassador, but the `Note which he had delivered to the Foreign Ministers proves that he only sought to deceive the Pgoble Lord ; we know from good authority, that it is expressly said in it, that if the Porte has not at the same time time demanded the re storation of the fortresses which it has lost in Asia, it is pure moderation on its part. The Ottoman 'Cabinet also accuses the Austrian-Cabi net of partiality to Russia in the exertions of its Minister to maintain peace. These two points may enable us to guess at the rest of this Turkish Note ; and we may be easily persuaded that the measure of the iniquity of that power is full. Some persons affirm here that the first news of the rejection of our Ultimatum was known on the sth inst. and that it -was immediately sent to St. Petersburgh. AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, APRIL is affirmed 'that the political relations between the Cabinets of Berlin and of the Netherlands have become much more intimate within a short time. Our Warsaw Correspondent sends us the fol lowing news :- 6 ( It was on the sth that an express, sent direct from Constantinople., brought to Count ...4angeron the official news of the formal rejection of the Russian Ultimatum by the Divan. The Governor-General immediately dispatched a courier to St. Petersburgh. The motions of the Turks in Moldavia assuming more and more an .offensive character, the General-in-Chief, Saba hiefF, has proceeded in person to the extreme • position, to make such arrangements.as circum stances may .require. According to the orders which have been transmitted to the different F:ussiau head-quarters, the divisions cantoned in the several districts of Bessarabia have marched to take up concentrated positions along the Pruth. It is said that parties of cavalry haie already exchanged a few shots. It is generally - believed that the first courier would bring news if an action, which there is every reason to ex pect will be sanguinary." CZERNOWITZ, MARCH 13.—We have just. iearnt, that on the 10th of this month a mutiny broke out among the Turkish garrison of Jassy, on which occasion the unfortunate .city was plun .dered and set on fire : we are in hourly expec tation of the particulars. According to preced ing hews, massacres had taken place at .Bucha- , rest on the 25th and 27th of February ; and in IJass'y it was reported, that the Turks intended to celebrate the 7th of March as the anniversary of the murder of their brethren, by .fire and sword, in that city ; it should seem, therefore, that they have kept their word. I:ItANKFORT, Maacn 27.—A1l the reports that were in circulation here yesterday appear .to have been nothing more than mere inventions ,of the speculators in Government securities. — Immense sums were lost. But now that the "jobbers have gained their object, the state paper begins to rise to-day. The news put into circulation yesterday was of no ordinary kind ; it was necessary to bring forward something ex •traordinary, in order to swindle the public, who ,had been so often deceived. Some said the King -of ,France was dead ; others, not satisfied with -this, • added .tbe Duke of Bordeaux. Others .again affirmed, there had been•a general massacre of all the ,Austrian troops in the kingdom of .Naples ; others, who were more moderate, made the house of Lafitte, in Paris, stop payment ; lastly, it was said that the Turks, insp)red with excess of arrogance by the death of their for midable enemy, Ali Pacha, had attacked the Russians, and that war - had actually commenced. This latter statement seemed the most probable, and was believed by many persons. All the other accounts were appreciated as they deserved by all reflecting people. Such false statements may teach the public to be on their guard against similar machinAtions. SPAIN. MEMORIAL READ TO THE CORTES IN THE PUBLIC SIT TING OF THE 3D OF MARCH, BY THE SECRETARY FOR THE DISPATCH OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. I have the honour and the great pleasure of informing the Cortes of the kingdom, that the political relations of Spain with Foreign Powers continue in general in an amicable state. The ratifications of the treaty of amity for adjusting differ ences and limits, concluded on the 22d of February, 1319, be tween his Majesty and the United States, were exchanged on the 22d of February, 1321. In conformity with the stipulation in Article 4 of the said treaty, the King has appointed the Spa nish commission of limits, which in concert with that chosen by the Government of the United States, is to trace out the divisional line between the territories of the two Powers. The Spanish commissioners, charged to execute the delivery of East and West Florida within the term fixed by Article 7 of the treaty, have experienced some vexations on the part of the Ame rican authorities appointed by those Provinces. The King trusts that the Government of the United States will readily give the satisfaction which has been asked for a proceeding so little conformable to the relations of friendship existing be tween the two Powers ; and will thus confirm the hopes con ceived by his Majesty, that the conclusion of the last treaty will draw close' the bonds of friendship which unite the two nations. We continue in peace with the Barbary Governments. The Regency of Algiers has recently renewed its ancient pretensions, and the Dey has urgently demanded, by a letter addressed im mediately to his ,Majesty, the million and a half of dollars which he claims to. be due to him from Spain. A squadron of the national fleet has been ordered to Algiers, which, accom panied by a part of the naval force of the Netherlands, cruising in the Mediterranean, may be expected to contribute to the happy issue of the amicable settlement which the Spanish Go vernment has proposed to the Dey. His Majesty hopes that the Regency of Algiers will not reject a course which justice dictates, and which the mutual convenience of both Govern ments recommends. With respect to the internal dissensions of which the empire of Morocco is the theatre, his Majesty proposes to ohserve the most perfect neutrality, without favouring either of the two contending parties which, with alternate soccess, combat for the government of the country. The Government of the Swiss Cantons have offered no oppo sition to the decree of the Cortes for disbanding the Swiss regi ments in the service of Spain, notwithstanding the term fixed by the capitulation of iBO4 is not yet expired. The Helvetic Govern ment energetically , claims the indemnifications stipulated by the said contract, in favour of the individuals disbanded, and his Majesty's Government expects to bring this transaction to a conclusion satisfactory to both parties. 'Our Minister at the Court of Russia has been recognized by his Imperial Majesty • the diplomatic relations of Spain with Russia are thus established ; and we continue in good harmony with the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh. The insalubrity of the climate of Sierra Leone has rendered it necessary to remove the Spaniards, members of the mixed commission which was there established for the purpose of watching over the execution of the treaty relative to the-slave trade ; but his Majesty, influenced by the feeling of humanity," and religiously scrupulous in the fulfilment of his contracts,has authorized our Minister in -London to treat with the British Government, in concert with the Portuguese representative at that Court, respecting the removal of the mixed commission to a more salubrious spot, in order that the security of the Com missioners may be combined with the important duty they have to discharge. Political institutions, analogous to those which happily pre vail in Spain, being adopted in Portugal, it might be hoped that the time had arrived for putting an end to the differences which have existed between the two nations. His Majesty has, however, with much regret, seen from the proceedings of the Portuguese Government, that his desire for drawing closer the mutual interests of the two Powers, and forming the most cor dial friendship with the Portuguese Monarchy, do not appear, from the conduct of the Portuguese Government and the events which have unfortunately occurred, to have been met by corre sponding sentiments. When it was ascertained at the Court of Rio Janeiro, that the constitution formed by the Deputies to the Cortes assem bled in Lisbon had been sworn to in Portugal, and when the King had also taken the oath to that Constitution, that mo-, ment was chosen by the Portuguese Government for consum matingeits aggression against the Spanish provinces of Rio de la Plata, by putting in motion the spring of an artful policy, in order that the inhabitants of the said provinces, assembled in Monte Video, should resolve, as, in fact, they did resolve, to Separate from the Spanish Monarchy, and incorporate them selves with Portugal. To remove all obstacles from the medi tated plan, measures were taken for solemnly recognizing the independence of the Insurgent Government of Buenos Ayres ; a public agent was appointed to Buenos Ayres, and a promise was made tl.at an agent, chosen by Buenos Ayres, should be acknowledged in Lisbon. As soon as the Court removed from Rio Janeiro to Lisbon, and the Government of the King protested energetically to the Government.of his Most Faithful. Majesty against so extraor dinary and unexpected a proceeding, and flattered itself that that Government would disapprove the proceeding which had been adopted on this delicate point, not only from a conviction of the injustice and nullity of such measures, but in order to put itself on a level with the policy which other Powers have adopted relative to the emancipation from Spain pretended to by the insurgent Governments of our ultra-marine provinces. Notwithstanding such just considerations, his Majesty has seen those well-founded hopes vanish, since the Government of Por tugal, far-from satisfying the-complaints and representations-of Spain, excites apprehensions by the specious reply with which it attempts to defend the transactions in Brazil. The solemn declaration of his Most Faithful Majesty, that there exists no treaty between Spain and Portugal, supposing that those previously in force fell by the French invasion, is a circumstance which also demands the serious attention of the Government. In consequence of that declaration, the Portu guese Governmenthm disregarded some articles of treaties to which we have'referred in support of the demands made for the delivery of seditious refugees in that kingthim, and the fac tious liarca and Ciceron have been ordered to be set at liberty in consequence of the recent resolution adopted by the Court of Lisbon. Notwithstanding the state of our relations with Portugal, his Majesty does not doubt that the friendly intercourse which con tinues to be maintained with the Government of Portugal will tend to settle the impending differences in a conciliatory man ner. The King cannot persuade himself that the reciprocal in terest of both Powers to draw close the ties of friendship and good will, can be overlooked ; especially when the utility of a firm and cordial union in the liberal principles proclaimed by both nations is evident ; and equally so the prudence of not putting to the test what the dignity and decorum of the Spa nish nation might demand, whose call would be answered with the decision and heroism which belong to it. Our relations of friendship and good harmony with the Court of France have not suffered the slightest alteration. The yel low fever, which last year : afflicted some of the provinces of Spain, and more particularly Catalonia, induced the French Government to place a military cordon of health on the fron tier, which, although it has occasioned some irregularities in the communications and mercantile relations between the two countries, afforded no ground for complaint, considering the right which belongs to every nation, above all things, to attend to its own preservation. It appeared natural e however, that the cordon should be removed, when it was known that the conta gion had ceased. This has not been done ; perhaps from an apprehension that the disease might re-appear : but various re- Treat:mations have been made on this point to the French Go vernment. and our Minister at Paris has been instructed to de mand explanations upon the subject. The Government of his Majesty being informed that some Spaniards, whose impotent attempts to subvert the constitu tional system had experienced the disastrous result which was to be expected from such schemes, had taken refuge in. France, solicited and obtained from his Most Christian 31a jesty that these factious persons should, be sent into the inte rior, and distributed in different points. The French Govern ment asked, in' return, that measures' of reciprocity should be adopted in Spain, and that we should order to withdraw from; our frontier few individuals of that nation, who excited ap- ; prehensions in 'France. His Majesty was pleased to accede to: this•dentand, founded as it was on principles of mutual conve nience. The late events in Navarra attracted some seditious Spaniards to our frontiers, doubtless with the view of assisting the movements of the. factious. His Majesty immediately transmitted orders to our Plenipotentiary at Paris, that he should demand the,removal of those persons into thelnterior, and the French Government gave the orders which were desir ' ed. His Majesty has also ordered his Minister - in 'France to ' state to the,Gsmrnment of his Most Christian Majesty, that he hopes succours will not be afforded to the factious re'u gees in that country,and that means will also be adopted for pre venting the introduction into Spain of arms, or munitions of war, destined for the supply of the seditious. The abuse which has been made by some French Journals of their liberty of the press to attack our'wise institutions, and to give an unfavoura ble idea of events in Spain, has also been made a subject of re presentation to the French Government. That Government has promised to take the subject into consideration, but in ge neral has excused itself from adopting energetic measures against those abuses, by stating that the Censorship which it exercises is chiefly limited to the internal affairs of the king dom, and that it is not easy to restrain the indignation which the Censors and Journalists of France feel at the gross insults frequently given to French Public Functionaries by the perio dical papers of Spain. To terminate the frequent dissensions which have arisen be tween the frontier population of Spain and France, occasioned chiefly by disputes about pasturages, and to settle the doubtful demarcation of the limits between the two Powers, the French Government has pointed out the necessity of fixing precisely the respective boundaries by means of engineers appointed ex pressly for that purpose. The demarcation of the course of the river Reus has been verified for the boundary with respect to the province of Catalonia. The melancholy result which has attended the efforts made in the kingdom of Naples and Sardinia for preserving the con stitutional system which had been there proclaimed, has re duced our relations with those Powers to a passive state. We continue to maintain a good understanding with the Court of Rome. His Holiness has acceded to several applica tions of the Spanish Government, which our political institu tions rendered it necessary to make ; others of a similar nature, and necessary to the welfare of the nation, are the subject of active communications between the two Cabinets. Such, in substance, is the state of our political relations with foreign Powers. The attention of his Majesty is directed, and will ever he directed, to preserve to the Spanish nation the in estimable blessing of peace ; to maintain it in the rank to which it is entitled among nations by its repeated proofs of heroism ; and to make known, that while he will religiously respect the rights of other Powers, he will never permit his rights, nor the political institutions which form the happiness of all Spaniards, mtimateky united with their Constitutional King, to be violated. • FRANCISCO MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA. Madrid, March 1, 1822. AMERICA. ( Extract of a Letter from Washington, dated March 10.) " The Message of the President, though long anticipated, will excite a good deal of public attention •, yet, it the measure be well understood, it ought neither to affect our condition re lative to any of the parties, nor their condition relative to us, since neither will be made to suffer a change.-- Some time ago, the United States proclaimed their detennina don to observe a strict neutrality during the civil war in South America; the principles of public law were duly respected in tnis declaration ; and neither Spain nor the people of Spanish America have objected to it, because it has been most impar tially observed.. "In the course of the last year the civil war has ceased. In Mexico, the revolution is completed without confusion or vio lence ; in Columbia the war is at an end ; in Buenos Ayres and Chili the inhabitants have long been in the full exercise of the power by which they are governed ; and in Peru there seems to belittle expectation of a further struggle. " Spain herself requires the whole attention of her people, in the revision and establishment of her Constitution ; and, ac cording to the example of England, and her own example in the case of the Netherlands, good policy must urge, and the highest interests of Spain recommend, a treaty of mutual inter course and trade with the new States, founded on the basis of reciprocal independence. The identity of language, religion and laws, will do more to - cherish and perpetuate mutual intercourse and friendship between them, than any treaty intended to secure the same can ever effect. " The pride of Spain may be an evil counsellor on this im portant subject. She may be offended that the United States have not waited until she herself has acknowledged the New States ; and it is possible that other Powers, from the want of good will to the - free institutions of the United States, may en deavour to provoke the resentment of Spain against us, though the Message will in nothing alter the condition of the parties, since it announces an impartial neutrality, should the war be renewed. " When France acknowledged the Independence of the United States, she entered into a treaty of offensive and defen sive affiance with them ; and, by her Ambassador in London, announced her engagement to make common cause with them in the war. Instead of this course, the American Ambassa dor at Madrid, in communicating the Message of the Presi dent, will announce the determination of the United States to continue to observe an exact neutrality in the event of a contin uation of the war. _ _ " Had France done no more, there would ha'e been no just cause of war between France and England, and the step now taken by the United States affords no such cause. " We neither have nor desire Treaties with the New States. We may enter into stipulations with them for the purpose of extending and establishing the principles of free trade, but we shall neither desire nor seek to conclude with them, or any other country, Treaties, by which exclusive advantages may be attempted to be secured. 'We will receive their ships and cargoes as our own, provided they will receive ours as they do their own ; there is nothing exclusive in this rule ; it may, be extended to all nations, and we are willing and ready to ex tend this rule to all nations with which we have commercial in tercourse. "Any suppositions, therefore, that we wish or expect ad vantages from this measure, are not only not true, but they are illiberal. We have good will for, and take a cordial in terest in, the prosperity and happiness of our neighbours ; and shall at all times be ready, by the uprightness and fidelity of our principles, to prove to them our sincerity." COMMERCIAL. — The following interesting article is taken from the Charleston Mercury : CONSUZIPT'ION OF COTT•ox—From the port of Liverpool alone there were shipped, in the week ending 7th January last, 2,121,992 yards cotton goods. Of these 1,419,213 were sent to New York, 4,000 to Baltimore, 35,000 to Savannah, 97,760 to Charleston, and 31,299 to New Orleans. The remainder was distributed over Europe, South America, and the West Indies. The great European markets for cotton goods are Portugal and Italy, each of which takes off a vast amount of British manu factures. New York, it appears, was a customer to the extent of considerably more than half the export of the week. The United States collectively were the destined market for nearly three-fourths of the total exports. The shipments for the week ending January 14 were 2,645,334 yards of Cotton goods ; for New York, 748,612 ; Philadelphia, 241,386; Baltimore, 29,000; Charleston, 14,000; New Orleans, 70,123—making a total of upwards of eleven hundred thousand yards sent to the United States. The mass of the other shipments was for Portugal and Italy. During the succeeding . week, ending Jan. 21, the yards of Cotton goods exported increased in number, so as to amount to 3,609,865. For the United States, 1,437,817 were exported ; being distinguished as follows—for Boston 505,619 ' • New York. 481,058 ; Philadelphia, 299,293 ; Baltimore, 114,520 ; Charleston, 30,815 ; New Orleans, 6,512; amounting to more than one-third of the whole export. A very large proportion of the remainder went to Portugal and Italy. The aggregate number of yards of cotton goods exported for these three weeks, from Liverpool, is 8,377,191, and of these 4,663,021 were for the United States ; being much more than half of the whole number exported. It is to be observed, that this large export to the United States is not a standard for an average annual valuation. The northern merchants, always receiving their spring goods very early, swells the amount of British exports in the month of Ja nuary. After that time they usually fall off, as regards the United States, and begin to increase again in the months of July, August, and September, when the orders for the fall goods are in a course of execution. Situated as the trade is between this country and Great Bri tain, in the material of raw cotton.and in cotton-goods, the mu tual advantages are very striking ; she being our very best cus tomer for the raw article, and we in return taking off a prodi gious amount of her manufactures produced from it. It is not to be wondered at, after viewing these facts, that an interrup tion of American trade, and an American war, should be so un popular, and excite so much distress in the manufacturing towns of Great Britain. The attention of the British merchant is strongly attracted towards South America, especially Chili. The exports of cot ton stuffs to Valparaiso are very large,. being in one week up wards 0f.270,000 yards. Rio Janeiro is also a considerable de pot, as.are also Para, Monte Video, Buenos Ayres, and Italy, —Lima has become noticed. Of cotton hose, during the three weeks above alluded to, there were exported from Liverpool to all the world, 16,179 dozens; and it is remarkable, that of that number, 10,102 dozens were destined for New York. Some idea may be formed, by referring to the extreme ex cess of the merchandize shipped for New York above that for any other port in the Union, of the commercial enterprize and growing consequence of that city. She not only leads in the van of commerce of this country, but seems destined, at no very remote period, to rival the great mercantile towns of the old world. Whether it be northern, southern, or western trade, such are the facilities and advantages of that favoured place, that it commands and controls the whole. Whether for sale or for purchase, her market bears an unrivalled pre-eminence. MARCH 14.—LATE ritom Lima.—Captain Brown, arrived at Baltimore from Chagres, brings accounts from panama to the beginning of February, at which time the new Government was going on well. An English ship of war had arrived at Panama from Lima, which she left on the 26th of December last. The United States frigate Constellation was there, and also several merchant vessels. We understand that a serious misunderstanding exists be tween our Government and that of France, relative to the ton. nage duty on French vessels arriving in ports in Louisiana. The Louisiana Treaty stipulates, that for twelve years after the ratification, French vessels shall be admitted on the same terms as those of our own ; and after that period on tems of the most favoured nations. By the late law of Con gress, French vessels are required to pay a tonnage duty of 18 dollars a ton, which our Government extends to Louisiana as well as all other parts of the Union. The French Government resists the payment of this duty under the Louisiana Treaty. We further learn, that an active correspondence between the French Minister and our Secretary of State has lately taken place at 'Washington. MARCH 15.—(BANKRUPT BILL.)—The fate of this im portant Bill, on which hung the long deferred hopes of many a sick heart, and which were still kept alive by the lingering expectation that relief would at last be afforded by the compas sionate consideration of their fellow men, has been finally re jected in the House by a majority of 27. ENGLISII LITERATURE IN POLAND. [Extract of a Letter from a Pole at Warsaw.] " English Literature is more and more gaining ground in Poland. During last year there ap peared in print Lord BYRON'S Bride of Ahydos, translated by the Count OsTaowsxt ; and lately Sir WALTER SCOTT'S Lay of the Last Minstrel, translated by Mr. BuonziNsKr, who is at present the most distinguished young poet in Poland.— Of works that are yet preparing for publication are, Sir WALTER SCOTT'S Lady of the Lake, and Lord BYRON'S Corsair, both by Mr. SIENKIE wicz, who last year lived for some time in Edin burgh. Besides, in the Polish periodical writ ings there appear very often many extracts made from the works of these two authors, as well as from those of other celebrated English poets.— Translated into Polish are CAMPBELL'S Lochiel, and O'Connor's Child; Lord ByuoN's Fare thee Well, and also different fugitive pieces of poetry.—Ossian's Poems had been frequently translated ; but since the time of KRASICKI and TYMIENIECKI, who first made them known to their countrymen, they almost daily mul tiply by the particular predilection of some promising young Poets for that species of poetry ; such is the progress of your literature in Poland. The ancient stock of English Literature in that country, consisting of specimens from MILTON, DRYDEN, POPE, THOMSON, and many others, gets there continually a new increase. SHAKE SPEARE'S Plays are an object of study in Poland, and the best of them are very often performed upon the staga at Warsaw, Willie., Cracau and Leopol. 'the Poles had cultivated for a con siderable time past French Literature almost ex clusively, but they appear at present to direct their attention to that of the English." [FROM " THE BRITISH MONITOR" OF SUNDAY LAST.] In the House of Commons, on Monday, on the motion of Mr. F. Robinson, leave was given to bring in two Bills for opening the trade between our West India Islands and the United States of America, and other parts of the world ! What fatal delusion is inducing Ministers, and the majority, we fear, of Parliament and the people, to concur in this most mischievous, most impolitic, and most fatal design ! The West India Planters, it appears, are, like our agriculturists at home, in great distress, because their produce is so abundant, that they cannot sell it at a high price in the present market. What then ! Is there no possible means of extending the mar ket for West India produce, but by voluntarily giving up to the United States of America those principles and advantages, for the maintenance of which Mr. Pitt would have employ ed every ship in the British Navy ? Is there no possible means of enabling our owns population to consume an increased quantity of West India produce, with advantage both to them selves and the Planters ? Is there no possible means of en abling our Colonies on the Continent of America to consume more of the produce of the Islands than they have hitherto done ? Is there no possible means of inducing the Planters themselves to employ a part of their lands and their slaves in raising their own provisions - within the Islands ; and thus to adopt, with regard to them, the favourite remedy of bringing down the supply of the produce for exportation to the demand ? Is there no possible means of enabling Ireland to consume sugar, and coffee, and rum ? Ireland, we will be bound, is capable of sc.n bringing up the demand beyond the supply.-- Cannot the British Empire supply the West India Islands with every thing that they require ? And cannot the whole produce, and more than the whole produce, of the Islands, and more even than the Islands are capable of ever •producing, be conrumed within the British Empire? We are in a most diseased state in deed, when we have more of all the comforts of life than the pos sessors of them know what to do with; and when, instead of facili tating their distribution amongst our own people, we are at infinite trouble and expense to give them away to our most dangerous rivals, if not to our most inveterate enemies 1 We already manufacture clothing, and hardware, and numberless other articles of necessity, comfort, and convenience, for half the world, while , our own people are inadequately supplied with the same commodities. We arc about to make foreigners a present of our coffee, sugar, and rum next, and of some of the very elements of our naval and commercial greatness! It is not our fault that we do not send our corn and cattle to them also ! Indeed, there are many who openly avow that they hope to see the day when England shall be an exporter of agri cultural produce ! The Ricardos have led the country to the brink of a precipice. One step more in advance, and it sinks probably for ever ! If Ministers do not immediately retrace their course, and firmly resist the seductive though pernicious theories which are betraying them into the surrender of the best interests of the Empire, they will have to lament that they have been made the instruments of yielding up to false principles and specious speculations that ' commercial pre eminence and naval power, for which England has been so gloriously distinguished, and which the world in arms could not have wrested from her by force. We are happy to find, that his Majesty the King of the Ne therlands has noticed the humane and meritorious exertions of Messrs. Burniston, Drake, and Burnett, Admiralty Midship men, employed in the service of the Coast Blockade, they ha ving been instrumental in saving the life of the mate of a Dutch galliot, wrecked near the martello-tower, No. 33 ; his Majesty having caused to be presented to each of the above gentlemen, by his vice-consul at Rye, (Mr. Edward Chatter ton) a Gold Medal, bearing the following inscription : DE KONING DER NEDERLANDEN AAN YOOR BETOONDE iIIENSCHLIEVENHIED 1821. we have also the pleasure to --- aai, that Messrs. Burniston and Drake assisted in saving the crew of the French sloop, La Julie, stranded near the same place. Li itestimony whereof, the Magistrates and principal inhabitants of the ancient towns of Rye and Winchelsea] stated the circumstances to the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and strongly recommended them to their Lordships' notice and con sideration. In return, the Hon. Secretary (Mr. Barrow) re plied, " that their Lordships were p leased with the conduct of these officers, and would not fail to bear it in mind."--(Kentish Gazette.) FOR THE SUN. Mu. EDITOR, Mr. C. C. WESTERN, Member for the County of Essex, will, soon after the recess, call the serious consideration of Parliament to the bold measure of 1819, called Mr. PEEL'S Bill ; by which the currency of the Country was con tracted and altered, and the nominal price of all merchandize, commodity, and agricul tural property, was so greatly reduced, while the great annuity of the National Debt, the obligations of mortgage, and of bonds, offi cial salary, pensions, half-pay, rents, and tithes, were all nearly doubled in their proportion and burthen on the property, industry, and labour of the active part of the population, and the pro ducing portion of the community. Mr. WESTERN is an independant man, and suited to promote a serious inquiry, before it be too late, into the effects of this measure, and the policy and safety of its enactment and endurance, in the present circumstances of the country, after three years experience of its action and effects. This is in no respect a party question, in the political or administrative sense ,of that word; but a vital consideration in the present reduced condition of values and prices, wages and rents. It is• a serious and a vital consideration for the ease of the whole people; and the confidence and security of the public creditor. The in quiry should be extensive, and the deliberation cool and impartial. Errors in the adjustment of money, and the regulations of coin and currency, have been very common here, and in all the states of Europe, in the last four centuries. So strong a measure of change as that enacted by Mr. PEEL'S Bill, acting upon so large a mass of property,.and its incumbrance, reducing the one, and swelling the other, perhaps never before took place in the ancient or modern world ; it is therefore the more important •to be sure that the theory of this great innovation is sound, the system well understood, and the manner of practice well-considered and wise.—lt can hardly have any defence but its necessity. This has not been felt nor shewn :—itsfuture advantage, if any, after years of misery and degradation, are not worth having. The questions are, of the pre cipitation, and of the degree of this alteration— of the equity and the policy—and, lastly, of that touchstone of . all politic legal regulation, its advantage and success in execution and in progress. In politic regulations, if a false step be taken,— . " Revocare gradum,—hie labor, hoc opus est," or, as the Norman proverb expresses the same,— " Il faut reculer pour inieux sauter." Ri DUELLING. MR. EDITOR—I do not think the public are aware of the state of the Law on this subject. Two men may go out (as it is called), accompa nied by their seconds and a surgeon ; one of the principals falls; the whole of the facts appear in the Newspapers, from the giving of the= challenge to the funeral, with copies of absurd letters and a particularity that no one can doubt !! The King has lost a subject, by a dreadful crime, equally forbidden by God and man—the State a useful member—the widow and childreri are bereft of their greatest comfort and support—this is universally known, reprobated, and regretted ! What is the consequence P—A Coroner's Inquest is held ; the eiridence in all cases defective, in many glaringly so ! How different from the case of other Inquests, where it is considered a serious duty to give the real facts in evidence before the Coroner, in duelling cases it is considered a se rious duty to acquit the prisoner ; and though he is indicted, and may have offended the Laws of his Country by two offences, first, giving the challenge, and _ then by the murder, yet the surgeon, the only witness, when called on, need not give evidence---The unhappy man (for he must be unhappy) is admitted into society, and affords a shameful instance of a dreadful crime, committed under circumstances known to the whole world (for so far our Newspapers extend), going unpunished ; in short, at the present mo ment, we may say, duelling is not punished in England.--A heavy penalty on the challenger would operate as a stop to many ridiculous affairs. * * * . THE LATE DUEL.-Mr. 13ORTIIWICK, of the Glasgow Sentinel, was apprehended at Dundee on Wednesday, and carried to Edinburgh early on Thursday morning, by Mr. PATRICK MUR RAY, Messenger at Arms, on_ a Justiciary war rant, charging him with having abstracted se veral letters and other manuscripts from the printing-office of that paper. The legrility cf Mr. BORTHWICK'S conduct, we understand, is involved in a question still pending, as to whe ther, at the time of his taking the papers, he was or was not a proprietor Ills statement is, that he was so ; he had agreed, no doubt, to sell his interest in the concern to his partner ALEX ANDER ; but that the latter not having ful filled the conditions of the bargain, BORTH.. WICK had obtained a judgment of the Ma gistrates of Glasgow, reinstating him in the possession ; that he had accordingly resumed possession before witnesses; but was imme diately thrown into prison, on an old caption for debt ; that he was liberated by his agent on the evening of Sunday, the 9th of March ; that about seven o'clock next morning he went to the office, and took from one of the desks which was open, and from another of which he still retained the key, the manuscripts in question ; that he conceived himself entitled to do thil ; and that he had a strong inducement to it, namely, to save himself from the consequence of prosecutions brought against him through the acts of his part ner. A young man, who had been a compositor in The Sentinel Office, and who, it is said, was employed by BORTHWICK to carry the papers to the Tontine, has also been committed on a Jus ticiary warrant, as his master's accomplice.- - ( Dundee Advertiser.)