The Sun. — London, England, 1832-09-20 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. We have now to call the attention of our readers to a combination of transactions without a parallel in the history of social affairs—trans actions unparalleled in magnitude, and for the insidiousness of their working, as well as for the consequences which they have inflicted on the character and condition of the people of England —consequences which no alteration in the cur rency, nor m odifications in the principles and practice of banking, will properly rectify. It will be remembered that after the peace of Paris, in 1815, the leaders of the several foreign armies who had entered that city, for the second time, within 15 months, demanded of France an in demnity for the expense to which they had been put in a second time subduing the aggressions of Napoleon, and that a certain London capitalist was invited to meet the Allied Sovereigns, ortheir representatives, to devise means for raising the funds to defray the indemnities demanded. On referring to the report of the French Minister of Finance for the year 1817 there will be found the following annunciation t—" Mercantile houses, justly celebrated in the commercial world by the extent of their connexions and the pru dence of their conduct, have set the example of confidence in your Majesty's Government. By the first treaty of the 10th of February, 1817, the Treasury engaged to deliver 9,090,909 francs , Five per Cent. Rentes (Annuities), against which it received 95,454,546 francs," being at the rate of 52 francs 50 centimes for every five trancs of annuity, or 91. 10s. 6d. per cent. " By a second treaty of the 11th of March, 1817, the Treasury" (French) " sold 8,620,689 francs Rentes, for which it received 95,689,656 francs," being at the rate of 55.50 ; and " lastly, by the treaties of the 22d and 23d July, 1817, the Treasury delivered 9,000,000 francs of Rentes; and received 110,700,000 hi money," being at the rate of 61.50. These three transactions were equal to a loan of 12,000,0001., at an average of 8/. 17s. per cent. Now, while this operation was going on in France, the British Government was raising money on Exchequer Bills, with the proceeds of which they purchased Three per cent. Stock, to the value of 14,000,0001., at an average rate of 761. 165., or 31. 18s. per cent. In addition to these transactions, there had been, during the latter years of the war, about 15,000,0001. invested in the English Funds, by foreigners, when Three per Cents. ranged from 57 to 60, and gold from 105 s. to Ms. per oz., making the 100/. of Three per Cent. Stock equal to 10 to 101.- : , oz. of gold ; while in 1817 the British Go vernment, as before stated, purchased a corres ponding amount of Stock at an average of 761. 165., with gold at 78s. to 80s. per oz., equal to 19 or 19i- ounces of gold for every 1001. of Three per Cent. Stock, for which only 10 to 104,- oz. had been received previous to 1816. So much for the year 1817 ! In 1818 France further granted 33,854,877 francs of Rentes for which 462,909,400 francs were received, equal to 18,000,0001., at an average of 71. 6s. 3d.' per cent. ; and in the same year a loan of 5,000,000/. was raised in London for the ser vice of the Prussian Government, at 72/. for every 1001. Bond, bearing an interest of five per cent. per annum ; this transaction was, therefore, equal to 3,600,0001., at 6/. 18s. 11d. per cent. These transactions collectively are equal to 48,600,0001.; while the value of the exports from Great Britain to Continental Europe in the same two vears exceeded the imports from thence by 35,419,0001. which excess was equalised by bills drawn on account of the 48,600,000. The French transactions were not confined exclusively to operations direct between France and Eng land ; the practice on the part of the agents of the French Government was to obtain bullion in any part of Europe wherever it could be pro cured, and give payment for the same in bills on London, so that, wherever British produce was carried for sale, bills of exchange on London presented themselves as plentifully as the bills of the British Government had done during the war ; producing the same effects upon the rates of exchange, and similar benefits to the sellers of British products. The rate of exchange, which in 1816 had been in Hamburg 14.25, and in Paris 26 10, in 1818 had altered respectively to 12.59 and 23.50. The same effects, therefore, were produced in the demand in England for gold as prevailed during the latter years of the war—and 7,137,9111., which had been coined at the English Mint in 1816.17, prepa ratory to resuming cash payments, was wholly withdrawn, as a consequence of those rates of exchange, which had given a benefit to the ex porters of British products to the extent of 10 per cent. on 50,000,0001. value exported in those two years. Independent also of the profusion of bills which the great money transactions of those two years threw into all the commercial markets of Europe, it will be remembered that the harvest of 1816 was the most unfavourable ever remembered, and caused the price of all grain to rule 50 or 60 per cent. on an average of 1817-18, above the prices of 1815-16, and led to an unusually large importation in the years 1817-18, at the increased prices of those years. This circumstance further stimulated the acti vity and extension of export, and beneficially augmented the means of exchange ; and the con• sequence of all this was a tendency to a return to the same general range of high prices for all commodities as had prevailed during the war; but the exorbitant rate of interest at which the first sums in France were raised having roused the cupidity of the capitalists of all Europe, as well as of England, great as were the demands of the French Government, there became a competi tion to supply them, so that in 1819, 1820, and 1821, bills on England, notwithstanding a large amount annually put into circulation by permanent absentees and transient travellers, be came less plentiful to a degree to again alter the rates of exchange to an approximation to the rates of 1816, and occasion a large excess of export, to be again equalised by declension in price, and consequent insolvency. In 1822 a fresh impulse was given to the raising of loans for half the States of Europe as well as for France, and a fresh impetus in consequence given to the extension of export. In tracing the progress of the combined operations of com merce, absentee expenditure, and foreign loans, and the annual obligation or interest which has been created for those loans, from 1822 down to the present time, it will be seen that the con traction of the currency has resulted from an in creasing distrust in the solvency of all parties engaged in the active pursuits of production and trading, in consequence of the continued decline in price of all manufactures, occasioned by the diversion from a mutual exchange of commo dities to a trading in money.—Morn. Herald. There is throughout the evidence of the Lon don, and some of the Country Bankers, examined by the Bank Committee, a hostility to the intro duction of Joint Stock Banking Companies. Some of the arguments made use of against them are, no doubt, any thing but conclusive. The id e a broached by Mr. Tooke, that the greater credit enjoyed by Joint Stock Companies, while it secures perfect solvency, is mischievous, by creating greater fluctuations of credit than would otherwise take place, will not bear a close exami nation. We have just received a volume, pub lished in Edinburgh by a Scotch banker, " On circulating Credit, with Hints for improving the Banking System of Britain," which, among other subjects, treats of the injury sustained by the country from the restrictions on banking :—" In improving our banking system (he says), the Le gislature would, perhaps, adopt the safest course if it were to permit the people to establish their own systems of credit ; and there is no fear but that the ruling principle of self. interest will soon direct their choice to that system which is best. If such permission were to be given, there seems to be very little doubt that the Scottish system would soon be adopted as the best model for the constitution of Banks. " After the great panic of 1826, Parliament did cer tainly grant a partial boon of this nature to England, which has been attended with very beneficial consequences to those districts where Joint Stock Banks have been estab lished. But, unfortunately, the operation of this salutary principle was excluded from that very place, where, of ad others, it should have been first introduced. " Let it not he supposed that the evil here complained of is the exclusive privilege which the link of England has by its Charter of supplying London with Paper Cur rency. We by no means object to this privilege : on the contrary, there is strong ground for believing that it is better to have only one Metropolitan B trik of circu lation, because London is the great central place of settlement, where the whole pecuniary differences of the country are every day balanced and adjusted—and it certainly facilitates and simplifies these operations very much, to have the Paper Currency of only one great establishment used as the medium of adjustment, in place of that of money. Let the Bank of England, therefore, continue to enjoy this privilege ; the great interests of the country are not affected by this part of its monopoly ; but the absurd and pernicious restriction which limits the number of partners in any Banking concern in London to six individuals, is a monstrous defect in the system ; and there cannot he a doubt that the abolition of this dangerous and impolitic principle, as far as regards Banks of Agency and Banks of Deposit, would not only he felt as a blessing- to the whole country, but would also be favourable to the interest of the Bank of England. " To be convinced of the danger and impropriety of continuing this pernicious restriction, it is only necessary to consider how the Balking system is affected by it, or rather how the great interests of the country are affected by it. London, as already observed, is the centre of ad justment. It is the great reservoir into which and out of which the fl sating capital of the country is continually flowing. Every Country B Joker throughout the United Kingdom is, consequently, obliged to keep large balances in the hands of an agent in London (generally one of the London Bankers), to meet the current demands of his busi ness. Now, what does the existing law declare to the country but in substance this? You may send as much capital to London as you please; but remember, you shall not in any case be allowed to take the security of more than six individuals for your money, though your own cre dit and the prosperity of the district to which you belong may be staked upo❑ such a hazard.' " Certainly, without any disparagement to the character of those highly-respectable and wealthy houses in Lombard street, upon whose shoulders the law has placed such a momentous responsihility, it may be said that this is a state of things which should not b. permitted to remain as it is." The writer then proceeds to observe, that the principal improvement still wanted to make the operation of the Scotch system complete is the permission to establish subscription banks of deposit and agency for the management of coun try business. A run upon any bank, he ob serves, seldom happens in Scotland, as the cir culating credit of that country is, in fact, the circulating credit of the people. The writer no tices a peculiarity of the Scotch system, which we have not seen mentioned before. " There is another peculiarity in the Scottish system deserving of notice ; we mean the economical use that in Scotland is made of the smallest sum, and which prevents the circulation of any quantity of paper currency more than what is barely necessary. The quantity of paper, therefore, in circulation, which represents coin, never ca❑ he in excess; for any excess is immediately returned to some one of the banks in the shape of capital, bearing a certain rate of interest. Now, in England, there is no such economy in the use of money. The English bankers ate always ready to receive as much money as the people choose to deposit in their hands; but, i❑ general, the banks give no interest 'or it; consequently, these is almost always more paper currency afloat than what truly represents coin; because, when there is no inducement for people to lodge their money in banks, they may just as well keep it, or its paper representative, in their own repositories ; and, in point of fact, they do so. It, therefore, follows, that when a pres sure for money overtakes the country, large sums of paper are sent in to the bankers for payment, which some of them are not well prepared fur, and panic ensues. This greatly aggravates the evil, and in its career of alarm in cites all those who have paper hoards of money to convert their stores into gold." From the evidence given by the bankers, it appears that they are nearly all averse to give any security for the notes they issue. This Scotch Banker has successfully shown, that there are a number of causes peculiar to their country constantly in operation, whereby the derange ments of our monetary system are greater than they can be elsewhere. Now, as all demands upor. capital must fall heavily on the productive classes, producing distress and embarrassment among them, by way of lightening the pressure, and yet preserving credit in a sound state during the continuance of the distress, he proposes : " That permission shall he given, by a special statute, t o all licensed Banks and Bankers, to issue Bills of Ex change, payable in London at fixed periods, say any period not exceeding forty, sixty, or ninety days, on the security of Government Stock or Exchequer Bills. The author ~f these pages is not ignorant that various plans have been I.ruj-cted by theorists for compelling the Banks to issue a paper currency on the security of such a pledge ; but it may ' R . laid down as a general rule, if not an axiom, that compulsive laws, of this nature, which would take the management of his own capital permanently out of the hands of the Banker, would so cramp his operations, as to he detrimental, if not destructive to the very system they might be framed to support ; and, besides being injurious o credit, such compulsory laws would be giving an undue security to one class of creditor in preference to an , ,ther. Bat very different would be the effect of a permissive law enabling the Banker to pledge such securities for a specific purpose, and for a &finite period. The consciousness of having such a resource at immediate command, for any period of difficulty, would of itself tend much to preserve the elasticity of credit. * a a * a a a In the year 1826 the price of Consols fell to '76, and the rll was chiefly caused by the rush of the Bankers, all pressing forward to sell stock, for the purpose of raising money to fortify themselves : but if such a law had then been in existence, Banker's hills or promissory Dotes, drawn on the security of Stock or Exchequer Bills at 20, 40, or 60 days, could easily have been sold for cash, and would have circulated freely throughout the country. The rage for hoarding coin would at once have been an nihilated, or converted into a desire fur purchasing secured Bills." _ _ The above suggestion seems entitled to atten tion. We cannot tape our leave of this inge nious and sensible writer without copying his concluding observations, which cannot be too much impressed on public men— " The circulating credit of a commercial country is a vital part of its social system; and the application of rash schemes for the purpose of improving it, is something like making experiments upon the lungs. If the patient be not killed by the experiment, the danger of aggravating the disease is at least as great as the chance of amending his constitution. The establishment of a sound system of Banking, like a system of free trade, may in a great measure be left to the experience and discretion of the public themselves. It is the province of the Legislature to be the protectors rather than the framers of social con tracts ; to provide for the prevention and punishment of frauds, and for the faithful performance of contracts, rather than to restrain the people in the free exercise of their right to make them."—Morning Chronicle. A letter of the 14th instant. from Hamburg, which we received yesterday,. communicates a piece of information with which we have been highly gratified—namely, that the Government of that free and independent republic had re solved so ar to resist the influence of the Aus trian Ambassador as to decline the suppression of the Humburg Reporter, an English news paper published in that city. We mentioned formerly, as intelligence received from a corres pondent, that a decision against the journal in question had been adopted, at the instigation of the Court of Austria. This report was correct in fact, as his Austrian Excellency was the im mediate organ of the application, though we have since learned that the Austrian Envoy, on this occasion, was only the puppet or the mouth piece of the diplomatic agent of the Russian Court. The Magistrates, however, with common courage, ought not to have attended to the hints or remonstrances of either, and ought to have declared against submission to both. The Ham burg Reporter had not yet been placed in the Index Expurgatorius of the German Diet, and till then no positive danger could be incurred by continuing its publication. The suggestions or commands of a particular Court went for nothing in such a case. For the suppression of the two or three liberal journals in the south-western states the mandate came from Frankfort, and obedience became necessary where armed resistance was impracticable. In the case of the Hamburg Reporter no such positive order was given, and therefore no particular submission was demanded. Even the smallest atom of sovereignty in Ger many, whether prince or republic, should be able to defy an intrigue, though obliged to yield to a confederated army. We lately described the commercial thraldom into which Prussia endea vours to throw the smaller states of Germany, and showed that it was the most galling and ruinous part of that political bondage, of which the suppression of journals is an instance. This view of facts is confirmed by every account which we receive from Germany ; and our well timed remarks, translated into the foreign jour nals, have not been without their use in open. ing the eyes of the German people to the pro posed sacrifice of their true interests. Some of the smaller states, supported by the ex ample and encouraged by the aid of Ha nover, have at last ventured to make a stand against the Prussian commercial domination, and have dared to trouble the stagnating calm of the Diet by questions which may agitate its whole surface. One of the articles in the Con federative Act of the German States, as we have formerly mentioned, purports that a chief duty of the Diet will be, to devise a general system of trade for the whole Confederation, by which the free circulation of commodities may be per mitted, and the inconvenience of Customhouse restraints mitigated or removed. This article, like that which guarantees general constitutional liberty, has been overlooked, or at least has re mained inoperative for 15 years. Meanwhile Prussia has intrigued so well on her own ac count, as to have formed a kind of commercial confederacy within the political, embracing a considerable number of the smaller principali ties. The Hanoverian Government, which has kept aloof from this league, and has found willing clients for another combination, has lately called upon the Diet to fulfil its engagements, and in the preliminary debates which ensued on the Hanoverian proposition, Prussia is said to have been left in a considerable minority.— Whatever may he the result of this pro ceeding, it has excited a great sensation in Ger many, where the final resolution of the Diet is expected with impatience. As connected with the lead which the Government of Hanover takes in pushing an arrangement of the trading relations of the German States, the at tention of the Prussian Government has been turned to the apparently very trifling affair of the recent commercial treaty between England and the free city of Frankfort. At any other time, or in any other circumstances than the present, when Prussia is endeavouring to shackle the trade of all the smaller German States, this convention would have attracted no more regard than a league between England and the small Italian Re public of San Marino—but at this crisis it is far from being unimportant. While the naviga tion of the Rhine is free, it may enable us to establish such depots of goods at Frankfort, through the channel of the Rhine and the Maine, as may in part counteract the commer cial monopoly aimed at by the Court of Berlin. Hence we find a violent tirade against the Go vernment of the free city of Frankfort, at the instance of the German monopolists, accusing it of betraying the national cause, and submitting to become a pander to the cupidity of the arch foe of German industry. This abuse looks like an indicatio❑ of fear, and we hail it as a sure prog nostic of that approaching discussion which must necessarily terminate in giving the Germans more correct views of their own interests, and inducing them to shake off' the restraints im posed by Prussia on their foreign commercial intercourse.— Times. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, SEPT. 19. John Warr, late of Great Wolstone, in Bucking hamshire, farmer, was opposed on the part of a cre ditor named Hanton, for a debt contracted for board and lodging, while the insolvent was courting his daughter. The insolvent had been several times before the Court. On his first hearing he pleaded that ac counts which had been proved were utterly false; added to which, he stated most positively that he had assigned to his brother Robert his interest in a reversionary legacy of 200/., and had received from him 1201. for the assignment. He was pressed closely as to the money, and he solemnly asseverated that he had received it in a field, but no third per son was present. He was sent back, and cautioned as to his conduct. He made another attempt to come up on the same story, but he was again sent bark. After remaining some time he filed fresh ac counts, which contradicted his former ones; and on his examination he admitted that he had perjured himself about the assignment ; that he gave his bro ther a piece of paper to say he had assigned it, but he declared that he had not received one penny from him. The brother was ordered to attend, who said he had destroyed the paper ; he had purchased his brother's stock for 1311., and he had expended the money on himself. The CHIEF COMMISSIONER, in giving judgment, observed that, among the many thousands of cases that had come before the Court, not one of them equalled this in fraud and atrocity. The insolvent had committed the most deliberate perjury, and the Court could not believe him on his oath, unless supported by other evidence. It was not to be said, because a man relented at the eleventh hour, that he was not to be punished. He had attempted a concealment of his property, and had, besides, made away with his property to his brother, and squandered the money in indulgenceQ. The Learned cenogrntihni otssl i otnhee Commissioner, some warmth, descant e d a t l grossness of the insolvent's conduct, and sentenced him to ten calendar months' impri sonment. -------- The Court have finished their session. They have adjourned till the 30th of October. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. GUILD HALL. In the parish of St. Bartholomew the Great there are now, in consequence of a recent decision of the Court of Bench, two vestries, one a self elected select, for the management of all that apper tains to the church, and another chosen by the inhabitants for matters relating to the poor. An attempt is now making to wrest from the former the superintendence of the watching, lighting, cleansing, and paving of the parish, and the question was brought before Sr CHAPMAN MARSHALL, upon a summons against Mr. Brain, a printer, for the sum of 1/. 12s. Sd., as one quarter's rate for the above purposes. . . _ i•lr. Gale, solicitor to the Select Vustry, said the parish was under a local aet, passed in the 9th of George 111., by which the trustees were empowered to levy 2s. 2d. in the pound for paving, &c., and Taylor's Metropolitan Paving Act enabled them to levy double that sum. The rate he claimed was made according to these statutes, which had hitherto been acted upon Nvithout dispute. Mr. Prendergast, the barrister, who attended on behalf of Mr. Brain, addressed the Alderman at great length upon the question, maintaining that the City Sewer Act, which places the paving, lighting, &c. of the city and liberties under the care of the Commissioners of Sewers, being passed two years after the local act, virtually repealed it, because there was no clause exempting this particular spot from its operation. Mr. Gale, in reply, contended that the parish, though within it, was no part of the city. The in habitants were exempt from serving on juries, did not vote for the representatives in Common Council of the ward, and the inhabitants carried on their re spective trades without being free of the city. Mr. Prendergast said, he knew that in the land lax assessments and in the collections of the trophy tax (a rate to procure substitutes for the militia, in lieu of balloting the inhabitants) the parish of Sr. Bartholomew was deemed a part of the city. The Sewer Act was to have effect throughout the city and liberies thereof. The sense in which " liberty" was here used was " jurisdiction," arid the parish having, in respect to criminal offences, always been within the cognizance of the Magistrates of the city, was a liberty thereof; that is, though it might not be a part, it was within the jurisdiction of the city. Non-freemen were permitted to carry on trade in S , . James's, Duke's-place, and yet the inhabitants paid their races to the city. The inhabitants of St. Bartholomew's wished to be taken under the pro tection of the city also. Sir C. MARsuALL, after consulting with the city solicitor, deferred giving his decision on the matter for a week. BOTV-STREET. Yesterday, Joseph Webb and Robert Hurst were charged before Sir F. ROE, the former with having secreted and embezzled a certain letter which came into his possession while employed as a clerk in the General Post-office, containing two bank-notes for 1001. each, one for 10/., and two bills of exchange, the property of Messrs. Holdsworth ; and the laiter, Hurst, was charged with receiving them, knowing them to have been feloniously stolen. The prisoners underwent a private examination, and were ordered to be remanded until Friday next, when additional evidence will be produced against them. Five miserable-looking men were brought before Mr. HALLS, in the course of the morning, charged, under the Vagrant Act, with having been found sleeping in the vaults under the Adelphi, wh;ch have long been a refuge for unfortunate persons hav ing no home to go to, and no money to procure a bed. Mr. HALLS questioned the defendants as to the cause which had reduced them to their present situa tion. Having described their respective parishes, all of wh ch were in the neighbourhood of the me tropolis, three of the defendants said that they had just been discharged from the House of Correction, where they had been committed for selling the Poor Man's Guardian. They complained of having been inveigled by some persons interested in their conviction, who induced them to sell the work, and then procured their apprehension. They were anxious, they said, to obtain an honest living, and thought there was no harm in selling the Poor Man's Guardian. Mr. HALLS observed, that the sale of such pub lications in the streets was contrary to law, and would be sure to bring them into greater ditficullies than they might otherwise encounter. One of the effects of works of this class was to make criminals and paupers of poor broken-down men, who, not being aware of the danger they risked, were anxious to catch at any chance of earning a few pence. The Magistrate then told the defendants that he should he loth to send them again to prison, as poverty ap peared to be their only crime. Directions were then given to furnish them with a letter to their respec tive overseers, recommending them as fit objects for parochial relief, and the gaoler was told to supply them with some bread and cheese, and half a pint of porter each, as they declared they were ready to faint with hunger, having been turned out of prison without a farthing to procure a morsel of bread. MARLBORO UGH-STREET. The neighbourhood of the Regent's-Quadrant was kept in a continual state of alarm on Tuesday last in consequence of the desperate attempts of a number of foreigners to :possess themselves of the " banks" of two garning-houses, Nos. 60 and 64, lately established in the Quadrant, in revenge, as is reported, for losses they had sustained at play there. Hypolite Sabatier, a young Spaniard, was placed at the bar charged with having assaulted inspector Clements on the preceding evening. Mr. CONANT inquired of the defendant, through an interpreter, what he had to say iu his defence ? The defendant replied, that a fight took place at the gaming table, and he was struck. When he got into the street, he mistook Clements for the per son who had assaulted him, and this mistake was the cause of his attack upon the officer. In reply to other questions, he stated that he was stew ard to a Mr. Hart, who lived in St. James's-place. Mr. CONANT expressed some surprise at learning that the gaming-house was frequented by servants; he was, however, informed they were the usual description of visiters at these houses. Mr. Conant then observed the defendant must be taught that the system his companions and himself had been a dopting towards the gaming-houses must not be practised in London. lie should, therefore, require him to find good bail for the assault on the inspector. DOUBLE ASSAULT.—Mike Brene, a boy, about 10 years of age, with a cast of features not unlike the head of a bull terrier, charged two young men, named Pierce and Pocock, with having severally bestowed on him a good " hiding." another a s un d er ckljeir: he commenced munc hi ng away at a C k t o The statement of Mike was, that he went into P o cock's shop to buy a " haporth o'pears," when Pocock, instead of expressing his gratitude for his custo m, gave him sundry ki c k s on t h at part i cu l ar part which he presented to him as he was making his escape from the shop. said,te but into with i shop . o Pocock, however, accounted for th e assau l t i n qu i te of wa y. r app l es, coast pret Aelnickee, o fh cheapening pests,go basket t payfor the m , w h en, fi n di ng t h e which stood conveniently within his reach. The next case was then called on, and Mike pro ceeded to establish the fact of the reception of a shove from Pierce, which sent him right bang into the kindle. But the defence rather turned the tables on him, as it appeared that Pierce possessed an ,:yster-stall, and particularly p r id e d hi mse lf on t h e exce llency of his shell-fish, which he retailed in penny and twopenny lots to th e p ass i ng p u blic, with great cred i t to himself. But his trade, espe cially among those who stopped at his stall to have a pa . ssing snap at his natives, was nearly annihilated hy the following ludicrous circumstance. Mike, from what cause it did not appear, had an old grudge against Pierce, which he proceeded to pay off by stationing himself opposite the oyster-stall, and when a customer presented himself, and opened his mouth to swallow the little delicacy, Mike corn menced roaring out, " There's a mouth to eat hoisters !" Many of Pierce's customers, indignant at having this feature so particularly pointed out to the notice of the public, left the stall, and went to enjoy their hoisters in a more retired situation. Pierce swore this was the fact, and, having brought evidence to prove it, he assured the Magis trate, " that a sarcier young rascal than Mike warn't to be found, no how, between Whitechapel turnpike and Hyde-park Corner." Mr. CONANT appeared to be pretty much of the same opinion, and settled the cases by dismissing one, and dividing the expenses of the other. THAMES POLICE. Yesterday Captain Benjamin Rogers Pike, master of the Alexander Henry, of Bideford, now lying in the London-dock, was brought before Mr. BALLAN TINE, charged with a series of cruel assaults on Edward Plummer, his apprentice, on the high seas. The complainant said, that from the beginning to the end of the last voyage, from Cork to Messina and Palermo, arid from thence to London, he had been subject to the most barbarous treatment. He was frequently beaten with a rope, and knocked down for the most trivial faults. On leaving Pa lermo he was ejected from his berth in the after part of the ship, and compelled to sleep between a cask and the bulk-head, forward, and without any ham mock, and only two blankets and a rug to sleep on arid cover him. One day he was ordered to cook a fowl in a saucepan, and make some broth with it, but it had not been thoroughly cleansed, some oil having got into it from the lamps which he had been cleaning in the galley. The Captain called him aft, and, with a two-and-a-half inch rope, flagged him most severely, until his back was covered with black and blue marks. While he was being flogged the Captain set the Newfoundland dog upon him, and his leg was lacerated by the animal and bitten in three places. The marks on his legs were still visible. On another occasion he was ordered to make a tapioca pudding, which shrunk, in consequence of being placed before the fire, and the Captain accused him of eating part of it, and flogged him in a most unmerciful manner, and his back was for some time afterwards covered with sores. He had been started and knocked down on several other occasions. Three seamen of the vessel, named Hunter,•Wil loughby, and Jones, who, until the Magistrate ex horted them to speak the truth, did not seem inclined to state what they knew, deposed to the severe treatment of the boy, and confirmed his story. Captain Pike in reply to the charge said, the complainant was a very dirty boy, and never got the meals ready in proper time. He had certainly ad ministered proper correction on the complaints of the very men who had now come forward as wit nesses, and who were all perjured, but he had never treated him with undue sev rity, or given him more than a dozen at a time with the rope's end. Mr. BALLANTINE said the witnesses had mot come forward with any bad feeling against the Captain, and did not seem inclined to say much against him. The Cwtain said the boy was addicted to drink ing, and he had seen him drunk. He had taken every care of him, taught him his catechism in the cabin, and intended to make an officer of him if he had behaved himself. The sailors declared they had never seen the boy drunk. Mr. BALLANTINE said, he would take care that the boy's indentures should be cancelled, for the defendant was not a fit person to have charge of him any more. Captain Pike said he would not give up the in dentures, or part with the boy. Mr. BALLANTINE said he would compel him to do that, and it was his duty to call upon the defendant to find bail, to answer the charge at the Admiralty Sessions. He would, however, before doing that, allow the parties to talk together, as it was uncer tain when the sessions would be held. He would suffer no extortion to be practised ; and Mr. Evans, the principal surveyor, who had heard the case, would fix the amount of compensation. Capt. Pike said he would come to no arrangement. Mr. BALLANTINE said he might do as he pleased, hut if he did nor, he must find bad. The pries then retired. Soon afterwards Mr. Evans said he had proposed 2/., which the friends of the boy had reluctantly con- sented to receive. Mr. BALLANTINE said, he thought 20s. and the expenses were sufficient; 2/. was too much. Mr. Evans said that the parties first wanted 5/. of the Captain. Mr. BALLANTINE—Oh, nonsense, that's too much. I shall not allow it. The '2os. and the expenses were then paid by the Captain, and the boy's mother took charge of her son. John Pike, the mate of the Alexander Henry, and brother of the Captain, was next put to the bar, charged with asiaulting the boy Edward Plummer, who said he had been repeatedly beaten by the mate, and on one occasion it had been raining very hard, and as he had no clothes to keep him warm, he went below to dry himself. The ma'e came to the fore-scuttle, called him up, and flogged him across the back with a rope, though he had hardly any things on. Willoughby, a seaman, said the mate was always at the boy, slapping and beating him. He did not flog him and " have done with it," but he knocked him about twenty times a day. Tire defendant said he had never ill-used the boy. He had only beaten him for neglect. Mr. BALLANTINE said that he had no right to beat the bay at all. The mate's situation did not autho rise him to do so, or to give him a single blow. He might give the lad ss. and pay for the warrant, and he should then discharge the case. After the above cases were disposed of, Jones, a seaman, applied for a warrant against Captain Pike, for knocking him down wi.h the log board, which was granted. QUEEN- S QUARE. Yesterday Samuel Johnson, alias John Rowe, was brought up in custody, and placed at the bar be fore Mr. GREGORIE, charged with attempting to rob the house of Mr. Batts, of 9, Pall-mall East, under the following circumstances:— Police-sergeant Goodyear, of the A division, No. 5, stated that he was on duty between eleven and twelve o'clock on the previous evening, when he observed the prisoner and two other men at the door of Mr. Batts's house, in Pall-mall East; they ap peared to him to be trying to open the door, and he watched them for a short time ; being convinced that their intention was to enter the house, he got as near to them as he could, but as soon as they saw him they all ran away. Witness ran after the pri soner, and called out, " Stop thief," and he at last secured him. During the time the prisoner was running he threw something away, and after he had taken him to the station house he went back, and found that what the prisoner had thrown away were skeleton keys. On searching him, he found some more skeleton keys, 3s. 61, a silver watch and gold seals, and two silk pocket-handkerchiefs. Edward Briggs, under-butler at the University Club-house, stated that he heard the cry of " Stop thief," and saw the prisoner running away, and also saw him throw something away. The prisoner, on being called upon for his de fence, declared that the constable had sworn falsely. Mr. GREGORIE inquired if any of the constables knew the prisoner. Handley, the officer, said that he had known the prisoner for about two years, and had frequently seen him in the company of thieves. Mr. GREGORIE was perfectly satisfied with the evidence, and should commit him to the House of Correction for three months, to be kept to hard la bour as a rogue and vagabond. The prisoner begged that his watch and money might be given up to him, as it was his own money. Mr. GREGORIE—No, I shall not let you have it; the watch arid seals, with the two handkerchiefs, I shall order to be sold, arid the proceeds given to the governor of the prison to pay for your keep during the time you are confined. Prisoner—This is hard, indeed; I never heard of A RKET.—Sept. 18. Per lb. d. to d. 6 7 6 7 6 7 0 0 CHELTENHAM Per Bushel. s. d. to s. d. Wheat Barley 4 0 5 6 Mutton Oats 4 0 4 3 Veal Beans Pease 5 0 7 0 Lamb 0 0 flay 3/. lOs to 3/. 15s. Od. per ton. BULL M A RK ET,—Sept. 18. Wheat, Old —s. 503. 635. ......N ow —s. 50s. 60s. Foreign —s. 545. 60s. ln bond... —s. —s. —s. Oats, Poland —s. 20a. 9.2 e. Old Small or Feed.... —a. 18s. 20s Foreign —s. 15s. 16s —s. —a. —6. Barley, Norf. & Suf ... —8 335. 365. Line. & %Vold —s. 36s 38a. Foreign —s. —a. —a. Beans 30s. 33s 31s. Foreign —a. 328. 345. Pease, White.... —s. 365. 38s. Grey —a. 30s. 345. fares Rapeseed, in bond none. DUMFRIES MA s. d. s.d., RKETS.—Sept. 12. Wheat, Imp. Bush... - 6 oto7ll Butter, 16oz Barley ........... 4 0 4 6 Eggs, dozen Oats ........ . 2 2 2 6 Beef, per lb. Flour, 141 h. '3 0 3 4 Mutton Oatmeal Potatoes, cwt..... 1 8 2 0 Ouartern Loaf s. d. 0 0 to 0 0 00 00 04 0 04 0 04 0w 07 0 0 USEFUL HINTS TO PUBLIC SPEAKERS. —lt is a curious fact in the history of sounds, that the loudest noises perish almost on the spot where they are produced, whereas musical tones will be heard at a great distance. Thus, if we approach within a mile or two of a town or village in which a fair is held, we may hear very faintly the clamour of the multitude, but most dis tinctly the organs and other musical instruments which are played for their amusement. If a Cremona violin, e real Am iti, be played by the side of a modern fiddle, the litter will sound much the louder of the two; but the sweet, brilliant tone of the Amati will be heard at a dis' fence to which the other cannot reach. Doctor YouNa, on the authority of DERHAN, states that at Gibraltar the human voice was heard at the distance of ten miles. It is a well-known fact, that the human voice may be heard to a greater distance thin that of any other animal. Those orators who are heard in large assemblies most distinctly' , and at the greatest distance, are those who, by modulating the voice, render it most musical. Loud speakers are seldom heard to advantage. BURKE'S voice is said to have been a sort of lofty cry, which tended, as much as the formality of his discourses in the House of Commons, to send the members to their dinner. CHATHAM'S lowest whisper was distinctly heard ; " his middle tones were sweet, rich, and beautifully varied," says a writer, describ ing that great orator ; " when he raised his voice to its highest pitch, the House was completely filled with the vo:ume of sound; and the effect was awful, except whe n he wished to cheer and estimate, and then he had spirit' stirring notes, which were perfectly irresistible. The terrible, however, was his peculiar power. Then the whole House sunk before him ; still he was dignified, ea` l wonderful as was his eloquence it was attended with thle important effect, that it possessed every one with a convl°: don that there was something in him finer than his wo rds:, that the man was infinitely greater than the orator. i KEAN, the loss of who se p owers as t h e f i rst tragedian ° f his day, must be imputed to his unrestrained love o f the' mil:ration, possessed a voice in the highest degree musica l ' Every one who h as w i tnesse d hi s celebrated scene Wit, Lady ANNE, will remem b er t h e peculiarly touching a nd ' .: persuasive notes whi c h h e e li c i ts on that occas i on, from the natural harmonies of his vocal organs. Thus also, 11 Othello, h ow p at h et i c were the tones in which he bewaile" his fate when the treacherous logo had fully instilled th e poison of jealousy into his ear! Again, what a s avage? piercing voice was there when lie exclaimed, as Shyloclo " Oh, if I can catch him once upon the hip." 311 :i GARDNER very accurately describes KEAN'S Unr iValle -0! N pozr r i e. in giving vocal expression to anger.- 2 1/usic o f BIRTHS. Lt Bal. I °ma' .g 15th inst. On the al lards, near Croydon, Mrs. Tht Carter, of a son. On the 18th inst. the lady of Edward Scard, Esq., surgeon, Bernard-street, Russell_square, of a daughter. such a thing. 1 can prov. it is all my own properly, and tell you the place where I bought the watch. Mr. GREGORIE—That is the very reason why I order it to be sold. If the property belonged to any other persons, it should be given up to them. Prisoner—Oit ! this is hard ; how I laboured to earn the money to buy the watch and seals. I hope you will let me have them. The Magistrate was inexorable, and the prisoner waa removed, imploring for his watch. MEETINGS OF CHEW FORS. AT THE COURT, BASINGHALL-STREET. (From the London Gazette.) TO-MORROW, Seer. , 21. sr. is. W. A. Warwick, Romford, Essex, dealer in wine 2 at '2 T. Poole, Fore-street, draper 2 1 H. Robinson, Aylesbury-street, Clerkenwcll, surgeon J. Weddell, Burr-street, East Smithfield, ship-owner 2 3 M. Agate, Hoysham, Sussex, grocer I). F. Feild, Upper Thames-street, coffee-roaster 2 to W. Wright, New Windsor, grocer D. Scott, Goodman's-fields, dealer in Scotch ale ...... ..,.., 2 11 W. 1). Bradwell, Gower-street, boarding-house-keeper 1 3 DIVIDENDS. B. Howell and Co., Charles-street, Cavendish.square, iron mongers it 10 R. S. Dixon, Fore-street, Lambeth, flour-factor 12 THE MARKETS. KET.—Sept. Per Ton. s, d. Walls End Newmarch—... 19 9 Ditto Perkins and Co— 19 3 Walls End Riddell's 20 6 Ditto Todd and Watson—. 19 6 Walls End Walker..,_ 20 6 Bells Primrose--- 17 0 Walls End Hetton 21 9 Walls End Lyons 20 3 Walls End Lambton 21 9 Ditto Steam-boat 18 0 Walls End Stewart'a— 21 9 Walls End Adelaide,,,,.,. 20 6 Walls End Gordon— 19 9 Walls End Tees 21 6 Cow p en — 19 6 Walls End Elgin -- 20 0 Hartley 21 0 Netherton Main.... • 16 0 New Flockton, Milne, and Co. .. IS 3 W. E. Preston Grange.. 17 0 Silkstone Field and C 0... Q Thorpe's Gawber Hall 17 0 Warde's 19 3 Walls End Selby —.. 17 0 Wetton Park small ........... 15 Q last market-day, 48. COAL MA Per Ton. s. d. 132aiimont— .-- IS 0 Bensham Main ---- 17 6 Dean's Primrose --,—. 17 6 East Percy— 18 9 Felling Main--.--- 18 0 Holy lB 6 Ord's Redhugh -----. 17 6 Pitt's South Moor-- 17 0 Shipeote . 17 6 South Holytvell .. 16 6 1 antield* . 18 6 Pownley . 18 0 West Hartley --- 9.0 0 Wylam ----- 18 3 Walls End Bell & Brown 19 9 Ditto Bewicke and Co.— in 0 Walls End Callerton 17 6 Walls End (err, and C. 19 0 Ditto Clarke and Co 18 9 Walls End Gostorth '2O 6 Walls End Heaton-- 9.0 6 Walls End Hotsp u r... 19 0 Walls End Hilda 19 3 Ditto Killingworth 19 6 Walls End Newbiggen 17 3 Ditto Northumberland .. 19 3 Ships arrived since COUNCRY CORN MARKEL'S DURING THE WEEK. Wheat. Barley. vats. oral's. Per Quarter. s. to s. s. to s. s. to a. P. to a. Abingdon--... 62 81 31 43 22 30 38 -- Andover 73 80 37 41 23 44 Birmingham—. 56 66 40 44 24 32 52 Ilridport 56 74 32 36 26 30 54 Cirencester 50 62 26 38 21 25 36 41 1 , aringdon— 54 86 36 40 26 34 46 Guildford 48 74 23 32 26 35 43 Henley 54 83 30 35 20 30 40 Hereford 84 92 44 48 52 Highworth 62 80 32 42 28 34 56 Maidenhead —... 56 68 34 44 22 30 36 37 Monmouth— 56 61 39 Reading Stli bury 50 64 30 38 21 25 36 54 Southampton .—... 54 58 33 40 28 32 46 Stroud 64 78 37 38 122 32 49 Tewkesbury .—.. 65 74 30 42 30 38 44 Uxbridge .---. 48 74 37 40 23 33 46 %Vantage 5B 80 27 43 21 30 34 42 Warminster %Villdsor 59 21 22 52 W0rce5ter....._........ 65 66 44 51 31 34 50 LEWES MARKET.—Sept. 18. White Wheat (per quarter)--.£3 0 0 to 5 0 Red ditto Barley ..... Oats, New --. —1 0 0 1 3 0 1 13 0 1 17 0 Oil Cake. New-------. 12 0 0 per thousand. MARRIED, d i C On the 11th inst. by special license, at Halverstown, in 0 0 o c s o ft i t bo i t ih y k. o i‘ „I f t K pz .g i e d tr a oa r , . 1 E s : , e o t gr e i. a r , ,o S f l y i o\ n ‘u g rnh s b ge y er ss F tt e i da t azduG Lodge,gel t a e l f E i nt s h q t e . h , second actoeuvn at 4 , c00r, f , o l tine O'Connor, of Dublin, Esq. The ceremony was first r o formed by the Rev. John Hardy, and immediately after by oP Grace the Most Rev. Dr. Murray, Roman Catholic Archbis" of Dublin. to. On the 18th inst. at St. James's, Frederick Seymour, Esq ; ' 0 1 the Lady Augusta Hervey, eldest daughter of the Martin" Bristol. a re i , On the 18th inst. a t S t. G eorge t h e M artyr, Q ueen -squ 0 John Middleton Meggison, Esq., to Emilia, eldest daughter Sharon Turner, Esq. On the 18th inst. at St . G eorge ' s Ch urc h, 'l'. H. Grove S i ft '6 ; den, Esq-, Solicitor, sof theßamsgate, same place. youngest datie E W et ' On the 18th i ns t . D av i d Rowlan d , E sq., o f Devonshire- 5 , 4 dr Portland-place, to Emily, daughter of the late Gideon AC' Esq., of Camberwell, Surrey. MM. 41=•••••••• ..- Y INTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURDO YOUNG, AT TO SUN OFFICE, 11'2, STRAND, LONDON. DIED. e t ' On the 18th inst. the Right Hon. Richard Ryder, at brook Hay, Herts, aged 67. as 0 0 On the 16th inst. a t the Vicarage, Llangollen, Field Sir Alured Clarke, G.O 8., aged 87. 9 1 ‘ On the 18th inst. at Ramsgate, after a short illness, N__.- I,e s'd, ington, widow of the late John Edington, Esq., of Haar Middlesex. On the 29th ult. at Kinsale, Eliza, relict of the late John son, Etheseln° On q. 16th inst. at Wcston Grove, Thames Ditton, A,n Frederick, youngest son of Rowland Edward Willialoh. aged 14 months. WO" On the 18th inst. at Brighton, after several years' acut e ing, Miss Maria Dixon, late of Hatton.garden. On the 16th inst. in the 89th year of his age, the Rev. Joseph Shinglewood, upwards' of fifty years Rector of the consoli ,iiji Rectories of Chignal St. James and Chignal St. Marl " Marshburn. her ag e ' On the 18th inst. at Southgate, in the 15th year o f Margaret Louisa, eldest daughter of Henry Desborougt