The Sun. — London, England, 1853-01-28 00:00:00

SECOND TRIAL TRIP OF THE CALORIC SHIP ERICSSON. (From the New York Weekly Herald.) This wonderful vessel, the success of which is exciting so much attention among all classes, at home and abroad, went down the bay yesterday, on another trial trip, having made what is called an " engineer's trip some days back, an account of which, together with a full de scription of the vessel, appeared at the time in the Herald. This second trip was determined on to dispel, by another ocular demonstration, the evil reports that, in spite of the success of the first trial trip, have been raised against the practicability of the experiment. Accord ingly, about sixty invited guests, composed of members of the press and several scientific gentlemen, assembled on board a tow-boat at Whitehall, at nine o'clock, from which they were transferred to the Ericsson, which was waiting for visiters in the North river, off Pier No. 1. At half-past nine exactly, the first turn of the wheels was made. At fifteen minutes of ten she was abreast the fort on Governor's Island, and reached Fort Diamond exactly fifteenyninutes to eleven o'clock, a distance of about seven miles and a half, against a strong head wind and tide. When between Governor's Island and Quarantine, the steam-ship Baltic, from Liverpool, was passed, which saluted us with cannon, and several hearty rounds of cheers, which were promptly returned. After the Ericsson had proceeded about a mile and a half below thg Nar rows, she was put about and returned to the city, and arrived at her starting point in the North River at a quarterpast twelve. The distance from Governor's Island to her turning point and back, was about 18 miles, which was accomplished in two hours and a half. The greatest number of revolutions made on the trip was ten and a quarter, and the greatest speed attained Was at the rate of nine miles an hour. This trip was not made to show her speed, but to convince the public that the parties interested in her have succeeded in their pro mise of proving the capability of a vessel being pro pelled by caloric. On the way back the party as sembled in the saloon, when Captain Ericsson explained, by the aid of a diagram, the wh o l e principle and meth o d of worki ng hi s caoric engines. He gave a succinct history of the whole matter, and demo ns t ra t e d th e method by which the atmosphere was drawn in cold, then forced through a wire network, forming a surface of 15,000 square inches, into a lower cylinder, where, receiving additional heat from the fur nace, it expanded in the larger cylinder so as to raise it, and then, when it had done it s wor k, i t escaped through the work of wire gauze into the open air, having im parted the greater portion of its heat to the wire work, which was again absorbed by the fresh draft of cold air passing through the same wire meshes to be heated. There are four double cylinders, set perpendicularly and longitudinally, to the boat—two abaft and two forward of the main wheel shaft. They all move in connection, those forward rise, while those in the rear of the shaft sink. There are two piston or driving crank rods, which turn the wheel shafts. One is moved by a walking beam, which is moved by the cylinders in front, and the other by a similar beam in the rear. They both work on the same crank of the wheel shaft, and at inclined angles, rising from below, in the form of the letter V, inverted thus, A with the shaft crank for both at the apex. Hence, while one rod is pushing, the other is pulling the .crank—thus avoiding the dead point usually encountered in the ordinary crank motions of steam engines, &c. The pressure was uniformly at 12 pounds to the square inch. Captain Ericsson estimated the force of his machinery at 600 horse-power. The upper cylinder in each case con tained a head surface of 14,000 square inches, and the lower cylinders a surface of 22,500 square inches. The diameters of the main cylinders were about 163 inches. The main valves were about 2 feet in diameter. The consumption of coal was at the rate of 6 tons in 24 hours, During Captain Ericsso n ' s l uc id exposition of his ma ch?nery, he invited the most rigid scrutiny and investi gation. Many questions were put by parties present, which he answered with great clearness and promptness. One question asked regarded the packing of the cylinders, which it had been said would melt, and let the air escape. He showed that by filling the cylinder heads with non -conducting materials, and the packing by surrounding the head, being above the surface exposed to heated air, was kept cool. He also showed how eman, by standing , on a cylinder head, could, by hand, readily lubricate every part of the surface of the cylinder. The packing, also, he showed to be at all times in command of the engineer or attendant, which was not the case in steam engines. To a question regarding the oxidization, ex pansion, and contraction of the iron composing the bot toms of the main cylinders immediately over the fires in the furnaces, he stated that the iron composing them was an inch and a quarter thick, and when they gave out, which would not be over once in five years, new ones could immediately b e su b s ti tute d w i thout displacing any of the machinery; and were it desirable to make them en dure for a longer period, they could have their surfaces ex posed to the fire coated with fire-brick clay. He said they did not expand, or contract, or vibrate but very little, and not more than was common to metal similarly used in other engines. Many other questions were put and an swered, regarding the backing or reversing the action of his machinery, and when stopping her on her course for an hour, more or less, how he would start her again. To the latter question he said, if the detention exceeded many minutes, he would start just as he would in the first in stance, by pumping a supply of fresh air, which would soon become expanded in the large cylinder, and put all in motion. But a pressure of half a pound to the square inch would start the engine, and the weight of the crank alone was stifficient to put it in motion. The expense of running a caloric engine, he stated, would be but one fifth of that of a steam-engine of the same power. In conclusion, Mr. E. stated that he was induced to go on this trial trip for the sake of the parties interested with him • but as to himself, he had been all along per fectly satisfied of the successful issue of the experiment; and owing to the machinery not being tight, which is a thing only to be accomplished by degrees, the engines were not working much more than half of their power, but that the trial had fully answered his expectations, and he was confident the principle would in a short time be universally adopted. So clear were Capt. E.'s explanations, that he was urged to give a lecture at Metropolitan Hall, illustrated, as yesterday, by his model, on a larger scale, whi c h we trust that h e w ill d o. It was conceed by all that Capt. E. had demonstrated his success in establishing beyond all doubt a new principle of motive power, and that all that was wanted was its proper application to the great end intended. All that is necessary to gain additional power is to increase the diameter of the cylin ders. Those in the present ship, it is clear are too small to give the power and speed that are desirable. Captain E. said he foresaw this difficulty, but was told by ironfounders that they could not cast the cylinder of greater dimensions than 14 feet. Since these were made up that size and put in this ship, a firm in New York has offered to guarantee to cast them of 20 feet in diameter. Captain E. estimates that were the present ships's cylinders of 16 feet diameter, she would make a speed equal to the best ocean steamers, or 12 to 14 miles per hour; and that a vessel with 20 feet cylinders would outstrip the speed of anything that now floats on the water. We have before alluded to the dimensions of the ship, the great freight room gained by the diminished space occupied by the machinery and coal, and the absence of danger from explosion or collapse, as well as to the great comfort derived from the perfect ventilation of the ship in every part. This is caused by the fresh air being drawn into the lower hold of the vessel before it enters the cylinders. Captain E. thinks it can be modified to propel locomo tives on railroads, and applied to nearly all kinds of sta tionary work. great and small. A locomotive on this plan could be made to traverse a street, without stopping for water or fuel on the way. When Captain E. had concluded, a meeting was or ganised and a committee appointed to give an expression of those present, on the success of this great experiment. The committee reported the following resolutions, which were passed unanimously : Resolved—That this meeting of those present upon the trial trip of the caloric ship Ericsson is no less fully and deeply impressed with the grave importance of the subject neon which it feels called to express a judgment, than completely aware of the many advantages to the public which must arise from the now incontestable success of the invention which has to-day been put into practical operation. Resolved—That, upon thorough examination and actual observation, we aro entirely convinced that the invention of Captain Ericsson is no longer of questionable practica bility, but from this day takes rank with the foremost of the great and useful inventions which the world owes to science and genius, and that it promises to surpass In efficie ncy any other adjunct to the advancement of com merce and the industrial progress of the world. Resolved—That, from its economy, safety, and ready applicability ine to all purposes requiring motive pow er , th e caloric eng cannot fail to minister largely to the happi ness of mankind. Resolved—That the p ecu li ar adaptability to sea vessels of the new motor presented to the.world by C a pt a i n Erics son, is now fall established ; and that it is likely to prove, in every respect, superior to steam for such purposes. Resolved—That th e remarkable economy of fuel neces sary for its working, the absence of all risk from explosion, and the low temperature throughout the ship, even in the engine and fire rooms, as satisfactorily exhibited on this trip, are among the most prominent claim s of the caloric engine to the attention of the scientific and commercial world. Resolved—That in his lucid, simple, and comprehensive statement of his theory, and description of his engine, Captain Ericsson has not only demonstrated. the beautiful completeness and perfect working of the system which he has brought, by 20 years elaboration, to it present com mandingMaMcom- mandingposition before the world, b u t h as shown a fer tility of resource, and a ready command o f hi s vast scien tific knowledge, which hardly less entitle him to the ad miration of all who heard him. _ Resolved—That in the admirable construction of the Ericsson, and the beauty of her model, and in the perfectly successful production of so novel and remarkable an engin e , Messrs. Perrine, Patterson, and Stack, her builders, and Messrs. Hogg and Delamater, the machinists, have shown themselves worthy coadjutors in so noble a project, so im portant an invention. John B. ...........,,-. - Resoived—That E. W. Stoughton , . .tritf hin rien g d , and legal advisor of the inventor,th Es S i ol Esq., and G. E. Lamar, Esq., and others, inthflemnee to in men who have i nvested their capital and. lent their snre . tho success of this great enterprise, are entitled to the mercial, and endurin g gratitude of the entire social, com industrial -world. Among those present we recognised members of nearly all the press in the city, with a representative from Buf falo, and another from Cincinnati. At the conclusion of the meeting, the company sat down to a cold collation, having been previously served with an excellent break fast. After which, several speeches were made and sen timents expressed complimentary to Captain Ericsson, John 13. Kitching , and others. On the health of the commander of the ship being prop osed Captain LowBEB said—l offer , you, a i l . , m y thanks for your most kind se n ti men t ; and to most heartfelt acknowledgments for Y its on, gentlemen, myso ception. The hoarse voi ce o f th e sa i lor is graciou s re mote accus- THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 28, 1853. tomed with the roar and turmoil of the wind and the waves than to speak on such an accasion as this. Yet, gentlemen, I should do injustice to you and to my own feelings did I not congratulate you on this most auspi cious day, which ensures the success of an enterprise in which our most earnest agitated hopes have been cen tred. I can but congratulate you upon the complete triumph of that enterprise and the realisation of those hopes. I have stood, gentlemen, on the deck when the elements in their fury seemed about to overwhelm the ship, and yet I never looked forward with more anxiety to a safe passage through these trials than I have done in watching the progress and anticipating the conclusion of this enterprise ; and when the end came and we stood before the world in triumph, I can assure you every part of my frame was quickened, and the blood rushed with redoubled force through my veins. I need not say it was a proud day for Mr. Ericsson. The mind that, for twenty years, has cherished and nurtured an idea like this, must feel more than pride at its successful applica tion. To him who has conceived and executed we owe all ; and it is my sincere trust that he will be fully repaid in his day, and I doubt not that posterity will take care of a fame that will rank with a Fulton or a Morse. I can pay but a poor tribute to the father of this—the man who furnished the sinews, and reduced the idea to a fact ; the man whose comprehensive mind compassed its entire scope, and whose sagacious foresight anticipated the result. Need I say I allude to Mr. J. B. Kitching ? Through concealed opposition, and sneers often openly expressed, he went straight on, and the end is his own best reward, and the conscious dignity of success his best praise. , And to those who have constructed and finished the work, I can say they have performed their part most faithfully and well. It speaks for itself, and I can point to it with pride ; and the gentlemen who constructed the hull have the satisfaction of knowing that a superior does not ride the waves. Gentlemen who represent the insurance interests of this great mart, I welcome you on board of the first caloric ship, which, I trust, you will find not inferior to any in naval architecture, and will prove a new era in marine insurance. Gentlemen of the press, you are most welcome. lam proud to meet you on such an occasion, and I feel you have witnessed this day a new motive power, in which I hope you have been interested. To you we owe much, as one of the connect ing links between thought and mind ; and in presenting the particulars of this new invention before the public, I am confident that you will "nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice." The worthy captain concluded by giving "Commerce and Justice—Commerce, the great pioneer of civilisation and tho nurse of content; Justice, the hand maiden. Nations and individuals alike responsible —con nected, humanity must advance." The owners and builders of hull and engines were also toasted, and other sentiments given and responded to ; after which the company embarked on board the tow boat, and arrived in the city highly delighted with their trip, and convinced that the success of the caloric en gines was placed beyond all doubt. The opinion was general, that with cylinders of proper dimensions, placed in a boat to correspond, the greatest attainable speed may be realised, and at an expense lower than had ever befOre been thought possible ; and furthermore, that all concerned deserved the highest credit, and had placed the people and country under obligations to them. We feel proud that such a triumph has been realised in New York, and that American money has enabled the inventor to accomplish his grand idea. The Ericsson will be taken to-day to her old dock at Williamsburg, to have her engines put in a thorough state of completeness, previous to starting on her trip to Baltimore. THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY AND THE YORKSHIRE COAL-OWNERS. It is pretty generally known that, owing to the open ing of Use Great Northern and South Yorkshire Rail ways, the demand for coal from the South Yorkshire pits has very greatly increased during the last 12 months. Formerly a large supply was always in readiness at the pit's mouth, but latterly it has been found impossible to meet the demands of the railway companies, notwith standing the number of new shafts recently sunk in this district, and now in full working operation. The operative miners, perceiving this state of things, demanded at the close of last year an increase of wages, which in almost all instances was complied with by the coal proprietors. This concession necessitated an in creased price to the consumer through the larger and more immediate purchasers— the Great Northern Com pany. It was, therefore, intimated to the directors of the company, early in the present month, that an in creased price of 6d. per ton (viz., from 4s. to 4s. 6d.), at the pit's mouth would in future be required by the coal proprietors, and also that the extra cwt. theretofore al lowed in each ton for breakage would be charged in the traffic account. In consequence of this intimation, a meeting of the di rectors of the Great Northern Company was held at King's-cross station, on the 4th instant, at which, after a long deliberation, it was resolved that the proposed advance should be resisted. Accordingly, instructions were immediately given to the officials of the company to receive no further supplies from the pits of Earl Fitzwilliam, Messrs. Newton and Chambers, and Messrs. Day and Twyvell, of the Elsecar, Thorncliffe, and Hoyland Collieries, until further notice. The accumu lation of orders on the books of the Great Northern Company, however, rendered it imperative that a new source of supply shall be forthwith obtained ; and, after some negotiation, they effected terms with the pro prietors of the Gawber-hall pits, near Wakefield, not withstanding that the arrangement involved an increased mileage of 24 miles, at the rate of 10d. per mile, and an I increase of 9d. per ton in the price of the article, as com pared with the original charges of the South Yorkshire pits. ' The effect of this change was, as might be expected, very considerably to diminish the traffic returns of the South Yorkshire Railway Company (whose line runs from Doncaster to the pits), the reduction being, in fact, as much as 2,0001. per week. This company, however, being dependent on the coal-proprietors at one end of their line, and on the Great Northern Company at the other, had no alternative but to submit to the loss until the dispute between the two bodies was adjusted, which was ultimately done as follows : The Gawber-hall proprietors, having learnt the state of affairs just described, and that the Great Northern Company had resorted to them as a matter of temporary expediency, and also hearing that the coal-owners of the north had, at a general meeting at Darlington on Mon day, the 17th inst., come to a determination to advance the price of their coals 9d. per ton, resolved to increase ihe price of the Gawber-pit coal in the same ratio as the South Yorkshire pits, viz., 6d. per ton. This being in timated to the Great Northern directory, Mr. Seymour Clarke, the general manager of the line, accompanied by Mr, Middlemess, the mineral agent 'of the company, proceeded on Friday last to Elsecar, where they had an interview with the agents of the various coal-proprietors of the South Yorkshire district, the result of which was that arrangements were made for resuming their traffic with the South Yorkshire pits at the increased price. [ADVERTISEMENT].—IMPORTANT FROM AUSTRALIA.— "We consider we are performing an act of humanity to the community of Van Diemen's Land, in acknowledg ing that statements have been made to us by several per sons who have taken Parr's Life Pills, with the most beneficial effect to them. Accounts of their efficacy have been furnished us by various individuals who have taken them, since the supply furnished by the patentees in England to Mr. Dowling ; but they have generally savoured so much of the marvellous, that we have hesi tated to make the statements public. However, we are now satisfied from further accounts given to us, that to hesitate longer would be perpetrating an act of criminal omission to our fellow-creatures, and having taken the pills ourselves with the most satisfactory result, we per form only an act of duty in most strongly recommending them to the public at large. This we feel the more con fidence in doing, knowing that under any circumstances they 'cannot do harm ; and our conscientious belief is, that they cannot be taken by any person without doing him good."—Cornwall ( Van Diemen's Land) Gazette. Parr's Life Pills are eagerly sought after in all our colo nies, especially in Australia, where a small box recently sold for 10s. In America, the West Indies, India, and China, also, their lame is known and their virtues duly appreciated, causing an immense demand for them ; and there is no country or port in the world where they will not speedily become an article of extensive traffic, profit, and general utility, as they may be had recourse to in all cises of sickness, with Confidence in their simplicity and power to produce relief. None are genuine, unless the words " Parr's Life Pills" are in white letters on a red ground, on the Government stamp, pasted round each box ; also, the fac-simile of the signature of the pro prietors, "T. Roberts and Co., Crane-court, Fleet-street, London," on the directions. Sold in boxes, at is. lid., 2s. 9d., and family packets at lls. each, by all respect able medicine vendors throughout the world. Full di rections are given with each box. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—Deafness—New Discovery.-39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe, opposite the York Hotel. The organic vibrator, an extraordinary power ful, small, newly-invented instrument, for deafness, en tirely different from all others to surpass anything of the kind that has been, or probably ever can be produced, being of the same colour as the skin, is not perceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears are entirely removed ; and it affords all the assistance that possibly could be desired. The Royal Exhibition valuable newly-invented, very powerful waistcoat pocket glass, the size of a walnut, to discern minute objects at a distance of from four to five miles, which is found to be invaluable, for yachting, and to spo r t smen , gen tl emen , an d gamekeepers. Tele scopes, possessing such extraordinary power, that some 31 inches, with an extra eye piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars. They supersede every other kind, and are of all sizes for the waistcoat pocket, shooting, military purposes, &c. Opera and race-course glasses with wonderful power ; a minute object can be clearly seen, from 10 to 12 miles distant. Invaluable newly-invented spectacle.—S. &B. Solomons, Aurists and Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, observe opposite the York llctel. [ ADVERT ISEMENT.] — HoIIoway's Pills an effectual Re• medy for Gout and Rheumatism. —Extract of a letter from Mr. W. goon, at Messrs. Godwin' s auctioneers, Winchester, dated April 8, 1852.—T0 Professor Hollo way. Sir, --I beg to info rm you that for years I was a sufferer from chronic rheumatism, and often laid up for weeks together, unable to move. I was attended by the most eminent surgeons here, but obtaining no relief, was induced to go into our county hospital. The medical treatment there, however, being of no avail, I left, and commenced using your pills, which, I am happy to say, in a short time effected a perfect cure, and enabled me to resume my employment.—Sold by all druggists, and at Professor Holloway's establishment, 244, Strand, London. 1 INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS— Jan. 25. James Meadows Rendel, Esq., President, in the chair. The discussion on the preservation of timber was re newed, by the exhibition of specimens of timber, ren dered inflammable, by Sir W. Barnett's process (chloride of zinc). It was stated that in the most intense fire timber, or even linen, so prepared, could only be charred, and would never burst into flame. The President ful filled his promise of procuring, from Southampton, por tions of unprepared and creosoted timber, which had been attached to the worm-eaten piles of Southampton Royal Pier, in February, 1848, below the level of high water of spring tides. The specimens showed that, whilst the unprepared and the " Payneized" timber was entirely converted by the worm into a mass of disinte grated fibre, the creosoted timber had not been touched by those insects. An offer was made to attach, in an identical position specimens of timber prepared by any process, and to bring them after a given time before the institution, to enable the merit of the system to be practi cally ascertained. The President directed attention to the Dublin Exhibition, and Mr. Roney (the secretary) stated that the undertaking was progressing most favourably. The original size of the building would be nearly doubled, and, to meet the additional outlay, Mr. Dargan had in creased his donation from 20,0001. to 50,0001. It was believed that the department of machinery in motion would be quite as interesting and attractive as that in the Great Exhibition of 1851, in London. The Society of Arts had determined that their East India Exhibition, and all the influence of their body, should be transferred to the Dublin Exhibition. There would also be a me diaeval court, and an archaeological collection, which would show that Ireland, though of late years not pro gressing so rapidly as this country, was, in former times, a country possessing high attributes of civilisation. There would also be a fine collection of ancient and mo dern pictures of every school. Mr. Roney concluded by soliciting the members to aid the exhibition by the loan of models, whether working or stationary, and of works of art, of which great care would be taken. The paper read was, " On the construction of fire proof buildings," by Mr. James Barrett, Assoc. Inst. C.E. The author first intro duced some remarks on the use of timber, for building pur poses, referring to its injurious effects in weakening the walls of buildings, its combustibility, and its liability to dry rot and the ravages of insects. The great loss of life and the vast destruction of property, resulting from its too common use in buildings, rendering essential some stronc , measure, by which the public safety would be insured. The iron-girder and brick-arch system of construction was then referred to, and the evils which might result from the adoption of that principle were exemplified by reference to the fall of the cotton mill, at Oldham, in 1845 ; where the lateral thrust of one of the arches having fractured a cast-iron beam, had caused the sudden destruction of the entire building. The author contended, that a system liable to produce such calami tous results, could not be regarded with that degree of confidence which should be felt where many lives and much property were at stake. The paper then proceeded to describe the system of fire-proof construction, which had been to s ome cons id era bl e extent adopted, as a substitute for the usual methods of building, and as a remedy for the defects complained of. The chief objects to be accomplished were described to be, making each floor of the building fire-proof, so as to prevent the com nication of fire from story to story; avoiding all lateral thrust or weakening effect upon the walls, securing the building from the effects of dry rot, giving increased durability to the structure, and rendering it at the same time practically sound proof ; combining these advan tages, at the same time, with simplicity and economy of construction. In accomplishing these objects, joists of wrought or rolled iron, of an improved form, combining lightness with great strength and economy, were used ; and by the employment of layers of incombustible mate rials' chiefly concret e , su pp or t e d b y an d consolidated with the joists, a strong and solid fire-proof foundation was obtained, upon which any description of finished sur face, adapted for a floor or roof, might be laid. The various parts of the structure having been minutely de scribed, it was stated that, in point of strength, the floors even of an ordinary dwelling-house, constructed on this principle, would, if crowded to the utmost possible extent, be loaded with only one-fifth of their breaking weight. The various applications of the system to such building as Guy's Hospital, King's College Hospital, the Training College, Chelsea, and the flax mills at Newry, the spans of which were considerable, were then detailed ; these consisted of the use of girders of cast-iron, with minor joists of the same material ;of boiler-plate girders combined with cast-iron joists, the whole of the additions to Guy's Hospital having been built in this manner; and of boiler-plate girders combined with rolled iron joists ; the latter method providing for every possible con tingency, whether as regarded width of bearing, strength of floors, or liability to impact, or vibration ; and in cases where the use of columns could be ad mitted, to shorten the bearings, both girders and joists of rolled iron were employed ; this latter applica tion referring chiefly to mills, warehouses, manu factories, and similar buildings. The fullest details were given of the actual, as well as the relative cost, as compared with other floors, under all circumstances ; and it appeared, from a detailed comparative statement of the cost of different floors for domestic buildings, given in an appendix to the paper, that substantial and well -constructed timber floors were actually mere costly than the fire-proof floors finished with a sur face of cement ; and that the fire-proof foundation, finished with the ordinary boarded surface, was, on the average, very little more expensive than ordinary timber floors. A comparative statement of the cost of a floor for a mill, or factory, formed in three dif ferent ways—namely, with timber, with cast-iron girders and brick arches, and with girders and joists of rolled iron, showed a decided economy in the use of the latter system, as compared with cast girders and arches. The author, in conclusion, referred to the diffi culties attending the introduction of any innovation in the ordinary arts of life, and cited instances where great improvements were only fully recognised after the lapse of years, when prejudices had died away. He stated the subject to be one of great importance, considered merely in a commercial point of view, from the fact of nearly half a million sterling being annually paid, in London alone, for fire insurance, exclusive of the duty, adding the well-known fact, that upwards of 1,000 fires occurred annually in the metropolis, and that more than half of those which reached the structure of _ _ a building were consideied to have originated in defec tive, or overheated chimney flues, acting upon the tim bers. It was contended, also, that whilst the general adoption of a system of fire-proof construction would prove a remedy for that fruitful source of crime, incen diarism, it was a question, if insurance companies them selves would not ultimately he considerable gainers, and it was added that, though in the course of his remarks objections had been stated to the use of cast iron girders and brick arches, yet that it was rather to bring fire-proof construction within the reach of every one, than to offer any particular system, in opposi tion to other methods, that the plan had been intro duced. This plan, however, was not to be looked upon as a mere theory, but as one the value of which had been practically demonstrated for many years, and applied to every variety and description of building ; and it was not one of its least recommendations, that its adoption would greatly extend the use of a material, the whole of the cost 9f the production of which was spent in employing home labour. In the lobby, one of Jennings' sluice valves was exhibited ; the im provement was stated to consist in simplifying the con struction, by casting the "body" and "faucet" ends in one piece, thus avoiding the use of bolts, nuts, and joints. The slide was first fitted, and made to work properly on the body of the valve ; it was then removed, and with two gun-metal faces, was turned, ground, and accurately fitted. The slide, through which a small h o l e had been previously drilled, was again placed in the valve, the twd faces were introduced, and all firmly bolted together. The joints of the faces, which were dovetailed' to 'the body, were then made with lead, or with iron cement ; the bolt was removed, the hole plugged, and the valve was completed at considerable saving of time and cost. These valves were stated to have been extensively used under considerable pressures. F w e as hre a a n ry nc l un :_ ce , d , O t n o th b e e p r n ea e d um at at t i h c e s meeting o s o:i i T n h g y u e m s p da a r p . y e , r Joshua Richardson, M. Inst. C.E. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, JAN. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market has been flat all day, and quotations are much the same as yesterday. The day's transactions are thus reported :—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 791 9; London and North-Western, 121 ; Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 30i; Midland, 77.1 c; North British, 9 1-16 • South Eastern and Dover , 23,i ; York, New and Berwick (G.N.E. purchase) , 2 1 d ; Manchester, Shef field, and Lincolnshire (101. shares), 111; Demerara, 24 d MANCHESTER, JAN. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE.—Prices to-day were not so good as yesterday, but business increased slightly. The sales were: —Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction 64 d; Dublin ' and Drogheda (Thirds), 204 • Eastern &unties, 124 ; East Lancashire, 19 . 4; Great Northern (4i per cent. scrip), p ; Lancashire and Yorkshire, 794; London and North-Western, 1201 ; Ditto (Manchester and Birming ham Quarters, C.), 1R p ; Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 31; South Eastern, 234. BIRMINGHAM, JAN. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE.—This market was -very inactive again to-day, and the transactions chiefly in local shares. LEEDS, JAN. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE.—There was little business done in Railway Stock this morning, which closed as follows : Midlands, 781; North Westerns, ; Leeds Northern Extensions (No. 3), 1 pm. RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURN. SCOTTISH CENTRAL RAlLWAY.—Traffie return for the week ending Jan. 23, 1853 £1,950 18 4 Corresponding week last year 1,664 2 4 [ADVERTISEMENT.]--Diseases of the Kidneys, Bladder, &c.—Dr. Denis Cronin has removed from Leicester-place to 35, Bruton-street, Berkeley-square, where he may be consulted, as usual, from ten till two, on his treatment of affections of the kidneys, bladder, and prostrate gland, in their connection with diseases of the stomach and liver. Urinary Analysis (the importance of which to the successful treatment of disease is now fully acknow ledged) conducted daily, in accordance with Dr. D. Cronin's new theory. PLYMOUTH, JAN. 27.--The Castor, 36, Commodore Christopher Wyvill, arrived here this afternoon from the Cape of Good Hope, last from Ascension. Her dates are--Cape of Good Hope, Dec. 7 ; St. Helena, Dec. 20; and Ascension, Dec. 26. The Castor has been in com mission two years. She has only lost one man since she has been in commission, which was on the 19th of De cember, thro ug h an accident he received in his hand, and mortification ensued shortly afterwards. She will leave at daybreak to-morrow (Friday) for Chatham, to be paid off. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE.—Reuben Thwaites, who ap peared to be about eleven years of age, was charged by Mr. Ward, of Liverpool-street, baker, who said—About twenty minutes to twelve o'clock yesterday the prisoner crawled into my shop, threw himself across the counter, pulled out the till, and took out 1/. 12s. Old., and started away the moment he put it into his pocket. I was en tering the shop at the time, and I ran after him, stopped him in Moorfields, brought him back, and gave him into custody. I feel quite positive that the money found in his trouser's pocket was taken from my till, because I miss about that sum. He begged me to let him go. ,The Policemen—l found 1/. 12s. Old. in the pri soner's trouser's pocket, and he told me that was all he had taken out of the till. I found ls. 6d. in his waist coat pocket. _ _ _ Tlie father of the prisoner said that correction had been thrown away upon the unfortunate child, who was, there was every reason to believe, under the tuition of expe rienced thieves, who had picked him up at the " gaffs," or penny plays, with which the est-end used to swarm some time ago. _ Alderman - Wire, after a strict investigation into the case, sentenced the prisoner to imprisonment for three months, and such labour as he might be able to perform. MARYLEBONE.—Captain Henry Hugh, Clayton, residing at 1, Woodfield-terrace, Harrow-road, and upon whom summonses had been previously issued, was brought up by Whipp, 86 D, on a warrant charging him under very peculiar circumstances with having assaulted Eliza Remington, a young woman of prepossessing ap pearance, and about 26 years of age. She was house maid to the defendant. BANE RETURNS. (Front the London Gazette of Tuesday.) An Account, pursuant to the Act seventh and Victoria, cap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and Wales, in Circulation during the Week ending Satur day, the 15th day of January, 1853 : Average PRIVATE BANKS. Amount. Andover Bank, Andover—Heath and Co. Ashford Bank, Ashford- 7 -Jemmitt and Pomfret 12,207 Aylsham Bank, Aylsharn—G. and T. Copeman 4,287 Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury—Z. D. Hunt 24,855 Bhidock Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade Bank, Baldock—Wells, Hogge, and Co BarnstaPle Bank, Barnstaple—Marshall and Co Basingstoke and Odiham Bank, Basingstoke-- Seymour, Lamb, and Co. Bedford Bank, Bedford—T. Barnard and Sons Bewdley Bank, Bewdley Nichols, Baker, and Co Bicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford Bank, Bicester—H. M. and G. Tubb Birmingham Bank, Birmingham —Attwoods, Spooner, and Co Birmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Bir mingham—J. L. Moilliet and Sons Blandford Bank, Blandford—Oak and Co. Boston Bank, Boston—Garfit and Co Boston Bank, Boston—H. and T. Gee and Co Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwater—J. and J. L Sealey Bristol Bank, Bristol—Miles, Miles, and Co Broseley and Bridgnorth and Bridgnorth and Broseley Bank, Broseley—Pritchards, Boy cott, and Co. Buckingham Bank, Buckingham—Bartlett, Par rott, and Co. Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and Stowmarket Bank, Bury St. Edmunds— Oakes, Bevan, and Co. Banbury Bank, Banbury Gillet, Tawney, and Co. Banbury Old Bank, Banbury—Cobb and Son Bath City Bank, Bath— G. Moger and Son Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard Bank, Leighton Buzzard—Bassett, Grant, and Co • . Birmingham Bank, Birmingham —Taylor and Lloyds Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire —H A. and W. M. Harris and Co. Brecon Old Bank, Brecon—Wilkins and Co Brighton Union Bank, Brighton—Hall, West, and Borrer Burlington and Driffield Bank, Burlington— Harding, Smith, and Co Bury St. Edmunds Bank, I ury St. Edmunds— J. Worliedge Cambridge Bank, Cambridge—Mortlock & Co Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam bridge—Messrs. Fosters Canterbury Bank, Cr-nteibury—Hammond and Co Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen—David Morris and Sons Chertsey Bank, Chertsey—La Coste and Son Colchester Bank, Colchester—Round & Green Colchester and Essex Bank, and Witham and Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk, Bank, Colchester—Mills, Bawtree, and Co Cornish Bank, Truro—Tweedy and Co Coventry Bank, Coventry—Little & Woodcock City Bank, Exeter—Milford and Co Craven Bank, Settle—Alcocks, Birkbecks, and Oo Cardiff Bank, Cardiff—Towgood and Co Chepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Chepstow—Bromage, Snead, and Co Derby Bank, Derby—W. and S. Evans & Co Derby Bank, Derby—Samuel Smith and Co Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak Bank, Derby—Crompton, Newton, and Co Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes—Locke and Co Diss Bank, Diss—Oakes, Fincham, and Co Doncaster Bank and Retford Bank, Doncaster —Cooke and Co Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton on-Tees Bank, Darlington—Backhouse & Co Devonport Bank, Devonport—Hodge and Co Dorchester Old Bank and Dorsetshire Bank, Dorchester—R. and H. Williams East Cornwall Bank, Liskeard—R o bi ns , Fos ter, and Co 10 5 ,9 - East Riding Bank, Beverley—Bower and Co._ 56,174 Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortford Bank Chelmsford—Sparrow, Round, and Co Exeter Bank, Exeter—Sanders and Co Fakenham Bank, Fakenham—Gurneys, Birk beck, and Co Farringdon Bank and Bank of Wantage, Far rhigdon—Barnes, Medley, and Co Farnham Bank, Farnham —Messrs Knight Faversham Bank, Faversham —Hilton and Co Godalming Bank, Godalming—Mellersh and Keen Guildford Bank, Guildford—Messrs. Haydon Grantham Bank, Grantham —Hardy and Co Hastings Old Bank, Hastings—Smith, Hilder, and Co. Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford— Matthews and Co. Hertford and Ware Bank, Hertford—S. Adams and Co. Hull Bank and Kingston-upon -Hull Bank, Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co. Huntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting don—Rust and Vsaseys Harwich Bank, Harwich—Cox, Cobbold, and Co. Hemel Hempstead Bank, Hemel Hempstead —Smith and Whittingstall Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hitchin Sharpies, and Co. Hereford, Ross and Archenfield Bank, and Ross and Archenfield Bank, Hereford— Morgan and Co Ipswich Bank, Ipswich—Bacon and Co. Ipswich and Needham Market Bank, Suffolk, Hadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley Bank, and Woodbridge Bank, Ipswich— Alexanders and Co. Kentish Bank, Maidstone--Mercer, Randall, and Co. Kington and Radnorshire Bank, Kington— Davies and Co. Knighton Bank, Knighton—Davies and Co Knaresborough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank, Knaresborough—Terry and Co. Kendal Bank, Kendal—Wakefield, Crewdson, and Co. Kettering Bank, Kettering—J. C. Gotch and Sons Lane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End—C Harvey and Son Leeds Bank, Leeds--Beckett and Co. Leeds Union Bank, Leeds—W. Williams, Brown and Co. Leicester Bank, Leicester—Pagets and Kirby, 25,265 Lincoln Bank, Lincoln—Smith, Ellison, and Co. 92,86 a ß n a k , ii L ch e fi w e e ld s- - M pa o l lin me e r ux an a d nd G C re o e . n .. e . 1 3 3 2 :9 7 3 7 9 6 L L i e c w h e fi s el O d l ß d Llandovery Bank, Lampeter Bank, and Llan dilo Bank, Llandovery—D. Jones and Co Loughborough Bank, Loughborough—Middle ton and Cradock Lymington Bank, Lymington—St. Barbe and Co. Lynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn Regis—Gurneys and Co. Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis— Jarvis and Co Macclesfield Bank, Macclesfield—Brocklehurst and Co. Manningtree Bank, Manningtree—Nunn and Complainant, on being sworn, said—On the morning of the 4th of November last the captain made overtures to me of an improper nature, which I repulsed. In the afternoon of the same day, while I was cleaning the fire grate in my bed-room, he came up, saying he was going to kiss me, and on my telling him that I could not suffer him to do anything of the kind, he said, " If you will only consent to my wishes, I'll settle upon you so much a year. I have been in the habit of doing it with all my servants, and why can't you and I agree ?" I told him that I could not think of agreeing to his scandalous and offensive proposal, when he patted me on the shoulder, and, after ringing the bell, said that if I did not accede to his wishes he should kick me down stairs. I pushed past him and went below, declaring that I would quit the house on the same day. Mr. Long—You have summoned Captain Clayton here for assaulting you. Let me know what you have to say upon that ? Co-mpiainant--In the afternoon, while in my bedroom and in the act of packing up my clothes, Captain Clay ton came in and said I should not go till the next day. I told him that my mind was made up to go instantly, when he rung the bell, and I then rushed down stairs into the kitchen. The captain told the cook that she had corrupted me, and he then thrashed me with a cane with such violence that marks were upon my person for several days. He has repeatedly made to me improper solicitations, and I have upon every occasion repulsed him. Mr. Long (to the defendant)—What answer have you to this ? Defendant--she made some improper and insolent re marks as a servant, and I gave her a slight tap with the cane. Mr. Long—The assault—and you do not deny it— has been proved, and for that I shall fine you 50s. and costs. Captain Clayton (pulling out a well•filled purse) said— Did you say 501. Mr. Fell, the chief clerk—The penalty is not 501., but 50s. Captain Clayton—Oh, very well ! He paid the penalty with much sang-froid, and then quitted the court. 25,411 8,668 15,703 34,561 11,824 13,975 24,783 11,485 7,435 62,930 13,862 4,678 36,450 18,243 23,218 71,253 31,854 26,054 4,273 36,134 34,95 11,965 66,290 27,659 12,546 2,613 17,751 40,310 34,430 21,934 3,085 16,684 33,633 48,385 7,342 20,905 68,771 6,038 8,601 11,132 37,359 AMERICAN SLAVERY-THE EARL OF SHAFTESBURY'S REJOINDER. 26,876 The. Earl of Shaftesbury has written the following letter to the editor of the Times. It is an answer to the reply published in the name of the ladies of America to the address of the women of England : Sir,—l have just read in your paper a letter purport ing to be the reply of the American ladies to the address of the " Women of England," on the subject of slavery in the United States. You have inserted so many articles adverse to the ad dress that you will, I am sure, in a spirit of justice, in- ! sert these few remarks in explanation of the measure. I If the letter were really the production of American ladies, I should cert a i n ly regar d i t w i th much respect and deference ; but its own internal evidence shows Now, its aassertions elissthy,es d clearly th a t no woman h as had any share whatever in the spirit an d compos i t i on of such a document. do slavery ofn mi dominions, ih youroent through p,raopu paper rh as Its whole v a l ue , i n truth, is derived from the fact that it made first columns.th were t e r l u e e n s th t h a n e y d are the r everse , it would be altogether beside the ques- ' t b i r o e n ah o . d t \Ve f haveher thm appearancebeajo and we call on our American brethren to do the same in their own terri tories. They reply to us (if this, at least, be a real document) by accusations and revilings on subjects totally distinct from the matter in hand. " But the writer is not more happy in his facts than in his reasoning. I shall speak of those alone which come under my own knowledge. I will admit, for the sake of argument, and that only, that had he composed his paper some twenty years ago, there might have been in it an approximation to accuracy; such, however, is far from the case now. " One person," he says, " out of every eight is a pauper." I believe, on the contrary, that the working people of England were never in a more thriving condi tion, and that it requires but a few more improvements to place them on a footing nearly equal to the physical condition of those in the United States. He charges us with defective supplies for the educa tion of our people. Let him parambulate the country and the towns, and observe everywhere the rapid multi plication of schools and churches. We may be behind hand, but we are labouring to overtake the mischief. It was the present Archbishop of Canterbury who stated in his charge that, during the time he was Bishop of Chester there were more churches built in that vast diocese than in the whole of England from the beginning of the century. z " London, he proceeds, "contains 33,000 needle women, who earn, on an average, only 44-d. a day by working 14 hours." An offer was made through my self, a short time ago, to provide lodging and 6s a week for 200 or 300 female hands required in the north of England. The proposition was laid before this formerly suffering class, but rejected, because their actual condi tion was so much better in London. He speaks of the factory classes with commiseration. He would do well to visit the great hives of industry in Lancashire and Yorkshire. He would there see a pros perous, active, and contented population ; work is abundant, and wages good ; the best feeling exists between the employer and the employed, while a large proportion of them, both children and adults, have en tered on a course of personal and social improvement. The great factory bazaar at Bolton will fully justify this assertion. "A very large proportion," he continues, of "your agricultural population live in filthy and crowded cotta ges, &c." This, I regret to say, is still true, both in town and country. But, have no efforts been made—are none being made—to abate the evil ?To quote but one in stance, did not the Duke of Bedford lately erect 400 cottages, I believe, in a single year ? I can answer, from personal inspection, for their excellence. Are not many other landowners in all parts of the kingdom en gaged at present in the same course ? The reduction of the duty on bricks has greatly facilitated such operations. We see a corresponding effort for the towns in the formation of societies to "improve the dwellings of the poor," in model lodging-houses, in baths and wash houses, in the larger diffusion of the means of cleanli ness, decency, and comfort. Your own columns have recently contained an article on the effects of the " Com mon Lodging-house Act," showing that under the ex cellent administration of Captaih Hay, of the police, the resorts of the most vagrant and degraded of the poorer classes will at last be purified. • Again, about 130 tons have been brought under the operation of the Health Act, and many more are waiting for admission ; nor do I hesitate to assert, from long and anxious experience, that, whenever we shall have applied to our courts and alleys the sanatory amend ments for which we have so long contended, we shall have gone far towards rendering our people one of the most thriving, healthy, and happy on the face of the earth. "There are 30,000 costermongers," he adds ; "of these only one -tenth—at the outside, one-tenth--of the couples living together and carrying on their coster mongering trade are married." It may be so, and, if so, rweesudlteeopflyehroeet choice But it is notthe ther state r i esuitof is, at least, the powero th e' result tthee owner over the slave, nor the condition of things neces syartothergh t; o o li f ey pr o o f pe th rt e y , a th n r d ee th di e n a g c f c a o rm mp s l .t I accomplishment of the commercial might recrimin a t e , if I pleased, and exhibit many deformities that h ave com e to my knowled ge i n B os t on , New York, and other towns of America ; but we have far different objects ; we have a real regard and kindness for brethrenroruerspeetfly entreat l e int r h ea e te U t tit ir ed eo S -o ta p t e e ra s, tio ld we heartily and The long and short of the case is this. We have had, and we still have, in England, many evils, but we are now doing our best to remove them. They have had, and h theyich they make notit o tb n e ly y w st i i l l l l n ha ot ve, en in de A av m o e u r r ica t , o a r gr em e o a v t e e , vi h l, uwt daily moreover, wo rs e and (witness persecuting h teir F u e g v i e t ry i v e o S e lv Law), e a we hoventuresreviling, to jog their memories on things of vital importance to the temporal and eternal interests of the human race. I am, Sir, your very obedient servant, SHAFTESBURY. Genoa, Jan. 20, 1853. 66,95 81,975 9,761 45,149 44,218 29,753 21,995 7,079 12,946 5,945 5,079 7,371 28,394 34,627 19,905 43,968 6,022 22,750 36,137 18,377 23,135 62,192 18,190 25,304 9,050 19,875 40,317 8,686 5,209 54,412 18,8 2 5,865 4,533 33,686 13,077 1 1 4,909 2,52 1,907 7,822 12,590 29,24(3 18,677 48,655 63,775 10,669 3,640 27,713 13,479 27,009 11,049 32,750 9,450 A NEW EMIGRATION SCHEME.—The " Port of South ampton Emigration Company" is in course of formation, with a capital of 30,0001., in 51. shares. This company is established with a view to forming a line of ships sail ing at short and certain intervals to the several Austra lian ports. Only one class of passengers is to be taken, for whom a fixed and uniform rate is to be charged. The co-operation of the London and South-Western Railway and Southampton Dock Companies is stated to have been secured, and arrangements have been made by which passengers for the company's vessels will be con veyed from London to Southampton with their luggage, the cost of this transit being included in the passage money. The company also propose to receive passage money by instalments or otherwise from parties in the colony desirous of remitting funds to enable their fami lies or friends to join them. 9,830 40,078 10,588 8,092 12,280 28,474 31,615 5,715 15,564 22,525 Scarbor nigh Old Bank, Scarborough—Woodall and Co. Shrewsbury Old Bank and Shrewsbury and Ludlow Bank, Shrewsbury—Rocke, Eytons, and Co. Sittingbourne and Milton Bank, Sittingbourne —Valiance and Co. Southampton Town and County Bank, South ampton—Maddison and Pearce Southwell Bank, Southwell—Wylde and Co Southampton and Hampshire Bank, Southamp ton—Atherley, Fell, and Co. Stone Bank, Stone—W. Moore Stafford Old Bank, Stafford—Stevenson and Co. Stamford and Rutland Bank, Stamford—Eaton, Cayley and Co. Shrewsbury and Welshpool Bank, Shrewsbury —Beck, Downward, and Co. Taunton Bnnk, Taunton—H. and R. Badcock Tavistock Bank, Tavistock—Gill and Rundle Thornbury Bank, Thornbury—Rolph and Co. Tiverton and Devonshire Bank, Tiverton— Dunsford and Co. Thrapston and Kettering Bank, Northampton. shire—Thrapston, Yorke and Eland Tring Bank and Chesham Bank, Tring—But cher and Son Towcester Old Bank, Towcester—Percival and Co Town and County of Poole Bank and Ring wood and Poole Bank, Poole—G. W. Led gard and Sons Union Bank, Cornwall, Helston—Vivian and Co Uxbridge Old Bank, Uxbridge—Hull, Smith, and Co Wallingford Bank, Wallingford—Hedges, Wells, and Co, Warwick and arwickshire Bank, Warwick— K. Greenway and Co. Wellington Somerset Bank, Wellington—Fox, Brothers, and Co West Riding Bank, Wakefield, and Pontefract Bank, Wakefield— Leatham, Tew, and Co Whitby Old Bank, Whitby—Simpson, Chap man, and Co Winchester, Alresford, and Alton Bank, Win chester—Bulpett and Co Winchester and Hampshire Bank, Winchester —Wickham and Co Weymouth Old Bank and Dorchester Bank, Weymouth—Eliott and Pearce Wirksworth and Ashbourne Derbyshire Bank, Wirksworth—Arkwright and Co Wisbech and Lincolnshire Bank, Wisbech— Gurneys and Co Wiveliscombe Bank, Wiveliscombe—P. and W. Hancock Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton—Good ricke and Holyoake Worcester Bank, Worcester—Farley, Laven der, and Co Worcester Old Bank and Tewkesbury Old Bank, Worcester—Berwick, Lechmere, and Co Worcestershire Bank, Kidderminster—Farley, Turner, and Co Walsall Old Bank, Walsall—Charles Forster and Sons Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton—R and W. F. Fryer Yarmouth and Suffolk Bank, and Halesworth and Suffolk Bank, Yarmouth—Gurneys, Birbeck, and Co Yarmouth, Norfolk,. and Suffolk Bank, Great Yarmouth—Sir E. H. K. Lacon, Bart., and Co York Bank, York—Swann, Clough, and Co 29,88 16,270 24,125 42,962 2,390 14,30. 14,20 11,3 14,517 34,9 1 ,476 14,995 9,875 10,030 31,266 1,225 23,929 33,457 52,459 360,420 51,829 56,650 Co. Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl borough Old Bank and Hungerford. Bank, and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough —Tan ner and Co Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly—Williams and Son Miners' Bank, Truro—Willyams and Co Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial Bank, Abergavenny—Bailey and Co Monmouth Cld Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Monmouth—Bromage, Snead, and Co 12,714 Newark Bank, Newark —Godfrey and Riddell 27,282 Newark and Sleaford. Bank, and Sleaford and Newark Bank, Sleaford—H an dl ey , Peacock, and Co 47,549 Newbury Bank, Newbury —Bunny & Slocock 21,540 Newmarket Bank, Newmarket—Eaton, Ham mond, and Co Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk Bank, Norwich—Harveys and Hudsons Norwich and Norfolk Bank, Norwich—Gur neys and Birkbeck Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not tingham, Hart, Fellows, and Co Nuneaton Bank, Nuneaton —Craddock and Co Naval Bank, Plymouth, Plymouth—Harris and Co. New Sarum Bank, Sarum—Everett and Co Nottingham Bank, Nottingham—Samuel Smith and Co. Oswestry Bank and Oswestry Old Bank, Os westry—Croxon and Co. Oxford Oid Bank, Oxford—Robinson, Parsons, and Co. Old Bank, Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells and Sevenoaks Bank, Ton bridge—T. H. and Beeching Oxfordshire Witney Bank, Witney—J. W Clinch and Co. Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank and Beverley Bank, Hull—Pease and Co Penzance Bank, Penzance—batten and Co. Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter borough—D. Yorke and Co. Pembrokeshire Bank, Haverfordwest--J. and W. Walters.. .............................. . Reading Bank, Reading—Simonds and C 0..... Reading Bank, Reading—Stephens, Blandy, and Co. ............................... Richmond Bank, Rich mon d—R op * The estimate for 1839 is founded o n th e ascer t a i ne d er and Co . number of letters for one week in the month of Nove m b er, Roclidale Bank, 'Rochdale—Cl ement, Royds, . I and, stri c tly s p ea ki n g, it i s f or th e year en di ng D ecember and Co. .................................... 4 495 5, at which time 4d. was made the maximum rate. The Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank, Roches- estimate for each subsequent year is founded on the ascer ter—Day and Nicholson .......................... 7,636 tamed number of letters for one week in each calendar Royston Bank, Royston—Fordham and Sons 11 725 month.—Vide Return to the House of C ommons , N o. 502, , Rugby Bank, Rugby—A. B u tli n and Bon 9,874 1852. t This is exclusive of about 6i millions of franks. 9,975 12,555 field Whitehaven Joint-Stock Banking Company, Whitehaven Warwick and Leamington Banking Company, Warwick 32,575 West of England and South Wales District Bank, Bristol 74,224 Wilts and Dorset Banking Company, Salisbury 73,789 West Riding Union Banking Company, Hud dersfield • Whitchurch and Elle.mere Banking Company, Whitchurch ............... Worcester City and County Banking Com pany, Worcester York Union B an ki ng C ompany, York.,, 4,47069,709 pßaengyi,stLraeredosf..B.;nk..... et1u2rn5,55.53 York City an d C ounty Banking Company, 94,020 Yorkshire Banking DEANS, Inland Inland R evenue , S omerset House, January 22, 1853. 26,295 34,880 3,189 PENNY POST,4OE. The following is an estimate of the number of charge able letters delivered in the United Kingdom in each year from 1839 to 1852 Rye Bank, Rye—R. C. Pomfret and Co. 16,180 Ross Old Bank, Herefordshire, Ross—Prich ards and Allaway Saffron Walden and North Essex Bank, Saffron Walden—Gibsons and Co. Salop Bank, Shrewsb ur y —B ur t on , Ll o yd, an d Co 4,663 4 12,039 31,388 23,874 23,738 11,009 6,758 11,510 13,620 9,764 9,877 9,471 8,556 24,683 4,593 46,468 13,868 21,580 6,630 16,202 36,599 44,454 7,132 13,089 7,700 67,440 10,021 11,286 42,080 12,329 44,853 JOINT-STOCK BANKS. Bank of Westmorland, Kendal Barnsley Banking Company, Barnsley Bradford Banking Company, Bradford Bilston District Banking Company, Wolver hampton Bank of Whitehaven, Whitehaven Bradford Commercial Banking Company, Bradford Burton, Uttoxeter, and Staffordshire Union Banking Company, Burton-upon -Trent Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Banking Company, Chesterfield Cumberland Union Banking Company, Work ington Cheltenham and Gloucestershire Banking Com pony, Cheltenham,,,,. Coventry and Warwickshire Banking Company, Coventry Coventry Union Banking Company, Coventry County of Gloucester Banking Company, Chel tenham 105,447 Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Company, Carlisle 23,735 Carlisle City and District Bank, Carlisle Dudley and West Bromwich Banking Company, Dudley 33,561 Derby and Derbyshire Banking Company, Derby Darlington District Joint Stock Banking Com pany, Darlington East of England Bank, N orw i c h 25,711 Gloucestershire Banking Company, Gloucester; 147,665 Halifax Joint Stock Bank, Halifax 18,415 Huddersfield Banking Company, Huddersfield [39,660 Hull Banking Company, Hull 29,127 Halifax Commercial Banking Company, Halifax 13,620 Halifax and Huddersfield Union Banking Com pany, Halifax Helston Banking Company, Helston Herefordshire Banking Company, Hereford Knares'aorough and Claro Banking Company, Knaresborough Kingsbridge Joint-Stock Bank, Kingsbridge 3 ,8 96 Lancaster Banking Company, Lancaster...... 53,868 Leeds Banking Company, Leeds Leicestershire Banking Company, Leicester.... 6967 Lincoln and Lindsey Bankin g Company ......... 52 ,9 ,439 Leamington Priors and Warwickshire Bankin Company, Leamington P r i ors..... g ..... . .... Ludlow and Tenbury Bank, Ludlow ..... ..** ..... Moore and Robinson's Nottinghamshireßank ing Company, Nott ingham...... . . Nottingham and Nottinghamshireß ........... Company, Nottingham .......................... Newcastle, Shields, and Sunderland .. Union 1128, 049 Joint-Stock Banking Company, Newcastle upon-Tyne ........................................... National Pi ovincial Bank of England, Birming ham, Head-office, 112, Bishopsgate-street, London 469 North Wilt s B anking Company, Melksham 404 43, , 767 Northamptonshire Union Bank, Northampton 68,007 Northamptonshire Banking Company, North ampton North and South Wales Bank, Liverpool Pares's Leicestershire Banking Company, Leicest er 47,844 Saddleworth Banking Company, Saddleworth 2,122 Sheffield Banking Company, Sheffield 32,518 Stamford, Spalding, and Boston Banking Com pany, Stamford Stuckey's Banking Company, Bristol Somerset shire Bank, and Somersetshire Bank, Lang port Shropshire Banking Company, Shiffnall Stourbridge and Kidderminster Banking Com pany, Stourbridge Sheffield and Hallamshire Banking Company, Sheffield 22,892 Sheffield and Rotherham Joint Stock Banking Company, Sheffield 52,396 Swaledale and Wensleydale Banking Company, Richmond Storey and Thomas' Banking Company, Shaftes bury Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Banking Company, Wolverhampton 36,695 Wakefield and Barnsley Union Bank, Wake- 9,685 9,068 50,847 10,806 30,840 20,545 56,908 7,200 [9,403 28,357 11,868 44,960 COUNTRY MARKETS. BOSTON—JAN. 26. We had a fair supply of all sorts of grain. Whe at receded in v a l ue 6d t o I s per quarter, with a languid sale. The demand for spring corn also ruled inactive, at declin ing rates. On the whole it was a dull market. Wheat, red, 40s to 48s, white, 47s t 0 ,505, extrabarle y', 2 ° B to 32s ; oats, 15s to 21s ; beans, 32s to 38s ; peas, 295 to 34s per qr. NEWARK—JAN. 26. At our Corn-exchange to-day we had a good supply of every description of grain. Wheat maintained the prices last quoted. B ar l ey was is per quarter lower. Wheat! white, Us to 565, red 44s to 50s ; barley, grinding, 27s to 295, malting 32s to 34s ; oats, 24st 24s to 265, 22st 19s to 21s ; beans 40s to 41s ; peas 34s to 36s ; malt 56s to 60s. ; tares, 40s to 44 per qr. 10 ' DERBY SMITHFIELD—JAN.—JAN.2S. There was an average supply of fat beasts here to-del ; most of the animals were of the middling sort, and high prices were again asked for beef at brisk sales. There were but few sheep offered for sale compared with the wants of buyers, and many remained unsuited. Fat pigs were again scarce, realisinc , an advance in price. Ther e was a small quantity of fat calves, and were very dear. —Beef, kid to 6d ; mutton, 7d to lid ; veal, 6d to Od per lb. ; pigs, 9s Od to Os Od per score ; rough fat, 4s 6d per,„ 14 lbs. ; hides, 2d to 2, per lb. ; calf-ski ns , 2d to Od per lb. DENBIGH -JAN. 26. There was not a large attendance here to-day, m ani of the farmers being busy sowing. Wh ea t fetched. from 16s to 17s Od ; barey, 10s to 10s 6d ; oats, 6s Od tO Os Od per hobbet ; butter, 9d to 9id ; fresh ditto, is to is ld per lb. BANGOR—JAN. 21. Our market to-day was very well attended by both buyers and sellers. There was a good supply of grai l , samples, but the tran sac ti ons were s l ow and limited' Wheat much the same, and the general tone was from 5 216 to 549. for the best home-grown. Barley was easier to per'" chase, but no reduction was offered. Oats a shade lower, the best samples of which realised 16s to 17s; good potato () oats, 18s to 19s; oatmeal, 263 per 2401b5. RHYL—JAN. 25. Oar market to-day was rather small, and nothing of i 10 " portance p ass i ng s i nce our last. Wheat, 17s to 17s ija barley, lOs t o 10 s 6d ; oats, 6s to 9s 6d ; beans sold freely at 12s 6d per hobbet ; there were no potatoes in the market. EDINBURGH GRAIN—JAN. 26. We had a large supply of grain in to-day's market; sales dull, and prices down. Wheat on the top is, an d the average is 4d down. Barley on the top 6d down , and the average 3d up. Oats on the top Bd, and th ° average 3d down. Beans on the top 6d up, and the aver age 5d down. Unsold, 48 qrs. wheat-214 qrs. barler -126 qrs. oats—and 107 qrs. beans. Top of Wheat Baxley__ -- Oats Beans .................. 6311 b 56s Od 57i lb 35s 6d 46t% 24s Od 671 b 388 Od Total Supply and Sales. Wheat 698 qrs sold 650 qrs Barley I,oBoqrs sold 876 qrs Oats 1,066 qrs sold 940 qrs Beans 333 qrs sold • 226 qrs AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Averago of w:leat £2 9 4 0-12ths Ditto of Barley Ditto of Oats 1 0 4 9-12ths Ditto of Beans DUBLIN—JAN. 25. There was a small supply of all kinds of grain at t 01 market to-day, ex ce pt o f oa t s. W e note no alteration oi the curren c i es o f F r i day, except of barley, which 1/.,01 again about 3d d earer. W heat and oats of all quail"' fully supported our last quotations. White wheat, 26s Od to 32s Od • red ditto, 25s Od to 919, barley, 12s 6d to 16 s 3d ; oats, lOs Od to lls 3d ; rapeoe e 21s Od to 23s per brl ; oatmeal, 11s Od to 12s 6d ; balte r g flour, 14s 6d to 18s Od per cwt ; Indian corn, 31s 6d to 344 per 480 lbs. CORK-JAN. 26. Brie. Currency'. e , 23 White wheat 27s 6d to 00s Od Os Od-20 stop 81 Redwheat 22s 3d to 25s 9d Ditto 00s Od to 00s Od 25s 3d-20 ( 10 ' Ditto. 00s Od to 00s Od 67 Earley l4s 3d to 14s 7d Ditto OGs Od to 00s Od 14s 6d-16 do. Ditto 00$ Od to 00s Od 4 Bere 13s Od to 13s 4d Os 081 388 Oats 9s 6d to lOs 4d 134 Ditto lOs 4d to lOs 6d lOs 4d do. 96 Ditto lOs 6d to lOs 10d 36 Pigs 39s Od to 42s Od 00s Od per CO' Quantity sold at the highest prices : 10 0 barrels i white wheat ; 19 red ; 17 barley ; 1 bere ; oats ; 8 pigs. Quantity of grain and number of pigs sold last weok :3, Wheat, 830. Barley, 1,152. B ere, 0. O a t s, 7;' Pigs, 848. PRICES OF BUTTER. SEABORNE MAILS. (N signifies that the mails are sent fr om th e G enera l Post. oo ' by the night—and M by the morning —dispatch.] _-• Day when made up From what 104 0 COUNTRIES. in General Post- Port do. Office, London. Dispatched. , America (byßrit.pack.N Tau. 28 Liverpool Jan. 31 ' America (by United Sts. rpacket) ..........N Feb. 1 Liverpool ... Feb. 3 r America (by U States Southampton Australia (via South. ampton) AI 20th of each month South am pt on Feb. 24'-' Ditto (via M arseilles N 24th of the month Dover Feb. 1 *Ditto (via Cape of Good , Hope) ....N 2d of February Ply mou th .. Son. 30 , 0 Africa (West Coast)..N 23rd of the month. Plymo ut h .. Feb. ", 5 Alexandria* .........N 19th&30th o f mon. Dover Jan. Belgium ............N Daily.. Dover if, 6 Brazil 9th of the month Southampton Feb. i ; Buenos Ayres .... ....M 9th of the mont h S outhampton Fe b California ...- ......M d & 17th of month Southampton Fob. 1 ICape of Good Hope..N 14thof the month Southampton Feb. Cape de Verds ......N I4thof the month Southampton Feb. Constantinople*......N 7thl7 th27thof mo Dover „ Jan. 30 Central America ....1W Ind & 17th of mon Southampton Feb. 1 so. Channel Isles ........N Southampton Tull?" id & 17th ofmonth 4outhampton Feb.ld a lll France ........ M & N Twice daily Dover ...... r‘cle e Greece* ........ 7thl7th27th ofmon. Dover Jan• 30 t. Hamburgh Tuesday & Friday London .„ „ Tues. „" t ifo. Holland ............ AI Wednesday & Sat Lond on Sun.T"; : Honduras N 17th of the month. Southampton Feb. I ",,gf Ireland . ..... M Sz'N Twice daily ...• Holyhead ... Twig t India (viaSouthompt.)M 20th of the m on th .. Southampton Feb. 2 4 India (via Marseilles) N Bth&2lth of month Dover Feb. 1 India (via Cape of Good 14th of the Month., Southampton Feb. 2 ! Mauritius 1 4th of the M onth.. Southampton Feb' 2" Mediterranean (via Southampton 20th of themonth., Southampton Feb. 1 4 Ditto (via Marseilles).N Nth& 24th ofmonth Dover Feb. 2nd of the month. Southampton Feb. Madeira Papal tatest 9 th& 2 3dofthemon. Southampton Feb. l' Malta" 7 th ,17th,19tb,27th, &30th of the month Dover „ Jan. t 8 ........N 3thlatt,2sthofmon. Dover Feb. 2 Peninsula ttilitil7httili,227stthhooffnimoonn. Southamptonporer;. Feb r. Peru ••'••-• • • • • • • • ..m 2d & 17th of month couthampton Fe b . 1 sthlSth2sthofmon, Dover Feb.. West Indies „ „N .. 2d & 17th of month Southampton Feb. 1 Van Diemen' s Land (see Australia) .. . . oP The mails for Australia via the Cape of Good' Hope are Ina — ota on the 2d of every enema° month. Those made up on the and 24th of each month via Southampton and Marseilles are seat b sailing vessels at present from Singapore. t Mails are also made up on the 2d of every alternate mon th for the Cape of Good Hope. * The mails to those countries thus marked ( 0 ) are conveyed French packet to Marseilles. The West Coast of Africa mails will not be made up thin mops before the night of the 28th inst. BIRTHS. OF A BON. On the 20th inst., at Nice, the lady of Sir Wi ts° Miller, Bart., of Glenlee. OF A DA.IIGHTER. On the 23d inst., at Pengelly-house, Cheshunt, • 311° Edmund Thompson, stillborn. MARRIED. ,„ a On the 27th inst., at St. Paul's, Halifax, Henry, t c i l . . li sh ---------- ANN(T..i.L INCREASE. o c .ll2 E ' a f xy W i - a E n 'e e e , le e s l ' de E s s t ci d'au M gh l t 3 e . ; of George Mount,.Llay,lo4., Year. No. of Letters. --------. Per centage rack- No. of Letters. oned on the num- May Field-house, Halifax. - k i, ) so, ber for 1839. On the 20th inst., at Claines-church, Capt. C. H. -i —r s —______ __ Bombay Amy, eldest son of Lieut.-Gen. Morse, of Trool 1839 76 millions.f ton-hall, Suffolk, to Mary Martha, youngest daughter 1840 169 93 millions. 123 per cont.. Major Baker, Britannia-square, Worcester. 1841 1964 ..----- 1842 208., 12 16 1843 220 X 12 16 DIED. of 184 4 242 - —2 1 2 A 28 On the 24th inst., Wm. M'Murdo Duncan, Esq'' 1845 271 294 39 Toxteth-villa, Toxteth-park, Liverpool, aged 81. C. 1846 299 28 37 On the 25th inst., at Anlaby, near Hull, John 1847 322 221 30 Cankrien, Esq., consul of the Netherlands, aged 7 8 - or ge 1848 329 7 9 On the 22d inst., at Storey-street, Hull, aged 83, U r ' 1849 3374 8i 11 Fox, Esq., commander, R.N. AO , 1850 347 9A —12 i On the 23d inst., at Beverley, fir. George Binniric , 1851 3604 13 1 18 aged 78. , —.vet 1852 3794 19 2 - 25 On the 211 ;,-,.4. ,-, ~, - ______ .. __ DIED. of On the 24th i ns t ., Wm. Mlfurdo Duncan, Esq' Toxteth-villa, h Toxtet-park, Li ver p oo l, age d 81. C. C On the 25th inst. at Anl a by, near H u ll, Jolla ankrien, Esq., consul of the Netherlands, aged 78- or g,o On the 22d i ns t., at Storey-street, Hull, aged 83, Ge Fox, Esq., commander R.N. AO, On the 23d i ns t ., at Beverley, Mr. George Binning aged 78. On the 23d i ns t ., C. G. Coslett, Esq., late of Nutg'" county Down, aged 79. On the 23d inst., at 15, Cunningham-place, 5t.,,1 ° ,, 11 . 11' :i wood, Henrietta Lavina, wife of B. C. Greenhill, . 5139 ." Knowle-hall, Somersetshire, aged 41. YO LONDON : Print e d an d P u b l i shed by MITRDO 11 of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Offieep ll°. ol Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the coull 07 Middlesex, Friday, Janu a ry 28,1363. CANT. CURRENCY. g6i First quality Second quality Third quality B9s Thi r d qua lit y .............. 0 0 Fourth quality Fifth quality 73s Fifth quality ............. IP Sixth quality sBs Sixth quality ........... ••'. Return of cattlo sold for week ending Jan. 22 :1 Pigs, 725. Sheep, 201. COWS ; 195. • , coax.—Flour—First, 15s 6d to 17s Od ; e .., . Ira seconds, 14s Od to 15s Od; households, lOs to 13s ?",,' g 6d; oatmeal, t O ra d e a t o l , g a s O per e c i wt i a . mndleaaln, Osm e o a a l, to es o :ca' pe l r s 50 t 6d ; 31 N e v a h l eTt i Indian corn, 8/ 5s Od to 8110 s Oct per ton. Bran, 41 1; to 4/ 17s c od per ton. Hay—Farmers, 22s Oct to 34s Od; $,°"...0--1 30s ; dealers, 34s Od to 45s Od ; average, Os per ton. ot"id to Farmers, 18s Od to 28s Od ; average 25s ; dealers, 356 d t° ,f 0 0$ Od ; average, Os. per ton. Bread—Wheaten loaf, ha ti Od d ; household ditt o, 6d to Oct per 41b.—Fresh butter,:„l, ll per lb. E ggs, 6 s 8d to 6s 10d per hundred. 3ireat r a to 5d 4d to 6d ; m u tt on, 5 d to b i d ; veal, 4d to 6d ; pork, !iiild.• ; bacon, )41. to 7d ; sausages, 5d p er lb.—Fish, I`Tswiuoo; land, 11/. Os to 141 Os per ton ; Scotch herrings, 288 r , O, Red, do., 3Os per brl.—Potatoes, white, 8d to 9d_ ~....; 'l4O lid to 12d.—Coals, Newport, 23s ; Lydney, 00s ; u w Z: ll .-•", •Od per ton.—Whiskey, 25 o. p., 6s Od per imperial gai t CO Hides, market, 25s to 32s ; Salted, 26s to 32s per ewt......., skins, 3 2 d per lb.—Bang or s l a t es 21. 17 s. 6d to 3 1. per 11„et Fleece wool, 15s to 16s p er s t one . —H emp, 371 . to 41.16 . do., ton—Timber, Memel, 31. lOs ; re d p i ne, 31 . lO s ; yellow od, 31. 10s. per ton; deals, 161. t o 181. per hundred.—Bark, 0 , 71. to 81. 10s. per tor.—Tallow, 475 to 48s per cwt. -- _, P o sot 71. lOs to 01. per cwt.—Tar, Ar c h ange l, 19 s . per brl. " Peruvian, 101.10 s to ill. per ton. 9,785 10,470