The Sun. — London, England, 1801-10-08 00:00:00

~'„;;` ~`~` ~ -~, ~` ~ Y ~:~ :. BRITISH REVIEW. POLITICAL RECOLLECTIONS RELATIVE TO EGYPT, , lIY J. BALDWIN, ESQ. LATE HIS MAJESTY'S CONSUL-GENERAL IN EGYPT ; AND ATTACHED .TO THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF DURING THE ABOVE GLOtt/OVS CAMPAIGN.. THE importance. of the events which have, lately been passing in the political world, has distraded our attention from this part of our Paper. The calm which is now to succeed, will, we trust, en. able-us to make ample amends to such of our Readers as have had reason to complain of our neglea in this respea. In resuming our labours in this department, we cannot, however, pass over a - work' which is i .,in some degree, • conneeted with the War. Mr. BALDWIN'S Pelifical Recolle,lions relative to E g ypt will be read with pleasure, by those who wish to form a correfa judgment of the importance of that part of the world, which is now both by the.for - tune of war, and by the result of .a well conduced Negotiation, rescued fiom.the hands of the French. The plan of the work, which appears to be the transcript of Memoranda, does not admit of our doing more than making sorne s extrafts from the work, re co mmending it to the perusal of our Read , ers. The offfcial situation of the Author as Consul General in Egypt, seerns,a pledge for the truth of those fa6ts, which, in the different parts of his work, he advances, The Situation of Egypt relative to Other parts of the Globe. Egypt . c minnunicates with the Coasts,of Syria, Caramania, Natolia, and the Coasts of the Black _Sea-; with the Coasts of Greece, of Italy, and France ; with the coasts of Spdin„ ,the Northern Coast ofAlrica, and all the Islands of the lYlediter-, lanean, in a -space- of twenty days : it -communi gates with the Coasts of Arabia FeliX, of the tilphs of Persia and Bengal, the Eastern Coasts of Africa, Madagascar, and the Cape of. Good Hope, forty days ; with the Coasts of Sumatra, Java, Japan, and China ; the Philippines, the. Coasts of Brazil, and teat part of America ; with al,l the interior parts of. Asia, Aftico, and ,;Europe, in pinety days ; it approaches England to her posses ions in the East Indies, by a communication •of sixty days ; and in one hut.dred days may send her tidings to the farthest corners of the Earth. 'These atings ate not merely possible, but from natural causes,. providentially and periodically re_ 3.!olving, often practicable and certain. Commerce of Egypt.• Having enumerated with what wonaerful celerity by reason of its favoured position, can communicate with every other Country of the globe, I may reasonably take this advantage . like. ;tvise to the. account of its Commerce - ; for what advantages do not derive to Commerce from brevity and expedition ? But Egypt •has other advantages as important as these ; she has the same facility of intercourse internally, and can onvey,her produce , and importations to every Town and Village in the Country, with equal proMptitude and ease. The 'Nile provides for this ; but Egypt has.a more essen_ tial ob/igation to the Nile. • produßions and Commercial Resource:. Were it needful, I woura enter into a detil of the various prodations of Egypt ; but sufficient fur the present purpose may be to aver from obser 'Nation of my own, that having supplied herliatnral wants, she car, send annually a thousand ships abroad with her superfluous prodidions . . She is the magazine of all the trade of Yeinen ; the mart for all the coffee and rich gums of that Froud Territory ; she is - the magazine to all the interior parts of Africa, producing gold dust, ivory, §enna, druggs : she is the resort of - all the Traders of the World;. it seems a common centre of uni versal Commerce; the coin of all the World is cur rent here. Importance €,.7 the Situation of Egypt to England, simply in subservience to her Political and Com m ercial Correspndence with India. A communication with. India by the Red Sea pay be established, ,. which, in its consequences, will have this, operation : it will create a call for the Manufatures of Bengal principally, which contribute to the - prosperity of that country. It Will, in exchange, sup;lly them with a 1:-;oT c e 'return . of Specie, the sinew of our Importance in India.-- 4 wiil deduct from that'of the French; by 'taking away the foundation of their Trade. It will afford channel of expeditions correspondence, which is the soul of Government, between England. and the East-Indies -; and in the event of a sudden war, may enable us to conquer our rivals, and add their sessions to our own: That event did Lppen, and the establishment I, formed with these views, was the.vehicle of our salvation in India; was . the vehicle'of our_preserva tion in the West Indies was the instrument of wining that only equivalent we had to, offer in our egotiation for Peace ; was. a circumstance which bad a consider:ble share in saving our National Ho nour. _ _ These sitould be earnests of its - future import ance ; but more may be • said. Very little indeed, 1 ' need now be added, tp prove the communication I>y Egypt to be a neces,:try link in the chain ofour conna_tion with India. It will appear with more cffect, in 4 view or_the importance of this situation to France. I foresee, that the topicis replete with nutter of afdaous spculation. Importance of if.g . ypt to Frage,. Before the fate of America was decided, I took into my licad to argue thus,—,oBo ; but the argu. bent was not without extraneous provocation, " Should France be sensible of the advantage of adding Egypt to lul,r dominions, and were tempted to try the conquest of it ; supposing her triumphant ik she present. contest upon th,!-'un ; what fower on Eartn`couid prevent her designs ?" But the question being yet doubtful as to its issue, this might be 6444 "- Weg France to M. 14,0 the best vie ocher present power, 'het plan would be to leave America to. her fate ; to preserve her .present Naval Consideration entire; and to secilre. the Ncr aridity of England to .this more .plausible design', It will bear investigation." For America independent, may grow to be a more danger. us Enemy to France than England is.;. first, from the proximity of .her power to the French Island's ; and next, from the irreconcileabie principles of American policy, with the known maxims of French GovernMent. Because France will secure, without fighting, what all her efforts have never obtained—to say, " as strong a Fleet as England, and a Colony more than adequate to all her Islands, and all her pros_ peas from American conneftions." Because the Commercial Interests of England and Fttince, drawing thence to opposite points, may re move the ancient bone of contention. BeC.:Labe every consideration conspires in such a System to aggrandize the power,- increase the wealth, and insur,t, the tranquillity ofFrance The Navigation is short and sale. The Colony subjea neither to hurricines, i.ck neSs," nor earthquakes. No rival in the way of her Commercial opera_ tions. No Enemy to intercept her succours, in case of alarm. No need of transporting subsistence to her Forces 4 when there. Were alr this to he obtained, Nvduld not France take' it for a . doubtful cause ? Would - not England accede to it, to purchase her defeCtiori from Ame rica ? - • • The idea of recovering America from an actual uncertain state of the War,: would have weight with England ; but irt contemplation of her East India Possessions, and the . prosper of danger to these from the growing power of America, in any future contention, ought to dispose her for such an accommodation. France would have nothing to fear from the resentment of America, because it must he the interest of 'England' to deprive her of her strength. The accession of Egypt to France might be disarmed of iti danger to Englan,i, by an arrangement which shOuld secure the navigation of the Red Sea exclusively to England ; and nature has concurred to every other disqualification. 'The independency, of America, or even an unrestrided trade, which has already been offered to them, are naught with mischief; to the interests of England I, rather than '4grant them, would vow perpetual War with Fr.ince. But this opportunity is gone ; at the time I now write, America is independent. Let us revert to our text. - The importance of this situation to France is, I think, trancendently shewn in the'refiedions we have just read. England must now look with 'a jealous eye to the machinations of. France. Conpest of Egypt by Fiance. .There is 3 long preliminary to be settled before this can be attempted with any certainty. of effett. The temptation is, however, paramount to all. When I said, that the independency . of America, or even an unrestricted trade allowed to them, was pregnant with mischiefs to England; I confess that I smipeCted .from the least of them almost nbavoid able perdition to our Settlements in the Est The effeet of the former I considered to be nearer ; buti looked for the same consequences, more remote in the prospe&, even from the . latter : - I would rather 'have vowed perpetual War to France . . Some reasons will be elyefted from me, I suppose, for this inveterate pre-elation. If the latter may be vindicated by argument, the first, of course, will speak for itself : i shall only speak to the latter. Then; I say, an unrestriaed trade will admit the Ships of Anietica into all the Ports in the East Indies ; and this intercourse with our Settlements will produce the effec" .- .1. What is the state of the English Possessions -in the East Indies ? A Country almost equal in extent to all Europe,. and richer in it-s natural resources. An Army, of one hundred and twenty thousand • men, well disciplined. A Revenue badly administered, capable of defray ing such an Army ; of defraying the Civil Govern ment ; and still of retni:ting :Millions- sterling an nually to England. • At a distance mocking all coercion. France and -America nearer to them.than England, and ever anxious to favour their defeCtion. With such truths to, revolve in minds' already' complaining of the arbitrary exercise of authority, the Americans arrive among them free, exulting, broke loose from all . restraints, Need any' thing be 'added ? :But I do not insist .upon this, as a sole and indis pensable incentive : it has a portentous look, no doubt, and .may clime in as a cause, or be conco mitant to die effed. : •I construct my motive to tliis conquest upon other grounds. I constru4 it upon the degeneracy and degrada tion of the Turks ; upon the weakness of the \Egyptians ; upon the common policy of 'Empires and of States ; and upon; its general cnmpatibility with the views and • Interests of every , Ai;uropean Maritime ,State encompassing the Mediterranean Sea. These considerations united, (and who shall say they have no existence in fa& ?) The opposition of England, and of all who may be disposed to-join her, will fail in their best efforts to prevent it. Must-I support my propositions by argument ? Then I appeal. to the state of the Turkish Ern a pire ; an Empire dismembered by revolt ; despoiled of revenue ; having no resources ; their military spirit debased ; their Fleet degraded ; their power a phar.- . tom ; their Government deceditig under its Con.. st icor ional Defects. And is it still for me to prove the the nature of all power is to assert itself ; to encroach where it .can 1- Then appeal .to chg face of Poland ; appeal to America,- appeal.to the Crimea; appeal to Hol land ; appeal to the History of the World., I believe there is an essential principle in the doctrine of power . : it is another atmosphere;, it can know no void ; it .rushes, in upon every recess ; it is domi nion% tide ; its causes 'goat upon the Fissions and distempqs ®f men. • In this -View, were the Powers of Austria and Russia to_ press in upon the yielding provinces of the Turk ; France, unable to oppose them, .would eMbXee the alternative and join in,the ipoil': Egypt would be the natural lot of France.; and Russia and Atistria, elated and sated with the division of the rest, applying to the advantages'contained in the completion of these events, conspire, concert, and mutually abet the general and separate interests of the Whole. • . I 'have before described the defenceless state of Egypt, as to its 'proper resources ; and now; the prote6tion they derived from their nominal depend ence on the Porte, is lost in the octinEtion of that power itself. Who, •then 7 is to, resist the Powers which may assail her ? • If Venice is . to recover a portion of her lost cOm_ merce and estates; if Spain, and Genoa, and Malta, allured by the prosped of gain to themselves, from the consequences of success in these schemes; should join their confederate force to the Fleets of France ; would F.ngland singly oppose them ? Or who is ,to oppose them with any effea ? , France r in possession of Egypt, would possess the master-key' to all the trading Nations of the Earth. Enlighterttd; as the times are, in the general arts of navigation and commerce, she might make it the emporium of the , world : she might make it the awe of the Eastern• world, by the facility she would command of transporting her Forces thither, by surprise, in any number, and at any time ; and .England would hold het Possessions in India, at the mc.rcy of France. . 1 1 The .drtick fxon ItTa;zebester is cbargcable as an ildler 'll* tirrsttrnt. THE SUN. SOLI: A 4 QUIS AUULA , . `-~ ~F , ffi :~ LONDON, OCTOBER 8, iBox. IT was yesterday very confidently stated, that a• Communication had been made by the Telegraph from, Deal, of the landing of the Messenger at Do ;et, with the Ratification of the Preliminaries of Peace, in consequence of which preparations were every where . made for a General Illurnination.--- No annunciation, however, was made in the course of the evening, of such arrival, and we find the account of it -to have been premature; As we yesterday stated, however, M. OTTO - is in possession of information of the receipt of. the, Yediminary Treaty at Paris on Saturday evening, and that the Ratification would take place as speedi ly as was consistent with official forms, Its arrival here is hourly expeEted. ,THE Hamburkh Mail due on Sul iday int, arrived thmiorning. It has brought us from Berlin the protitst of His PATSSI AN MAJESTY to the assembled states of the Empire, and to the two Chapters. of Munster and AhreNsberk,' on, the Election of the ARCHDUKE, Avrnos):. In, this he declares, that he shall consider such an Eledion. 'as void, .and will not, acknowledge nor take cognizance of any pretended new Archbishop or Bishop, until the afiltirs'of the Indemnities shall he finally settled., The 'Eledorate of Cologne had protested against the Declaration of the EleCtorate of Brandenburgh. The Mail which became.due yesterday is not arrived. • Yesterday morning His MAJESTY, accompanied by PRINCE ADOLPHUS, PRINCESS SOPHIA AMELIA, Lords WALSINGHAM and CATHCART, COI. CARTWRIGHT and the Hon. Mr. VILLIERS, rode out on horseback in the Great Park ; after which,, the KING and Suite took the diversion of hunting with the Harriers, for the first time this Season. " HER. MAJESTY, and Her Royal Highness PRIN. cEss AUGUSTA, attended by. Lady C. WAT,DE GRAVE and Miss TOWNSHEND, took an airing in a Sociable round Englefield Green. • . His Royal Highness the PRINCE of _WALES, ar. rived at Windsor on Tuesday evening, and yester-, day morning rode out on horseback, attended by Major SEYMOUR and other Othcers. Yesterday evening the usual Mails were made up at the General Post Office for jamh \ icA.aild the Lee.. ward Islands, and for Halifax and New-York, whtigt will be conveyed to-the West Indies in the Duke of Kent Packet, and to America in the Qffeen Charlotte Packet, both now lying at Falmouth,. ready to sail as soon as the Mails shall !rive there: The sales at the Corn Exchange yesterday were extremely dull, and Wheat was declining in . price. Fine Flour Was •from 655.' to . 765. per sack. At Plymouth market, on Monday, prime Wheat fell from 295. to 225. per bag. : • - - Cioydon, Fair ended on Monday, after lasting three days. A great number of horses were sold at rather low prices, particularly interior ones ; the Contractor for Artillery HorSes bought a great many on the first day (Friday),• but diScontinvd buying any afterwards. Lean cattle, which - are much wanted in that cfmirter, 'from the plenitude of seed of every - kind, gent off at advanced prices, as did young pigs and breeding sows ; indeed the latter, young, and of a good sort, were almost above price. Sheep, particularly ewes, were as high as fro►n three to four guineas, the common run for stock ; some of the improved breed brought very high prices. , The Mercury, Richards, from Zant for London, is captured by a Spanish Piimateer, antt taken into Algcziras. TILE R',4IILOURGH MAIL. VIENNA, SEPT. P 9. ON the 16th arrived here Baron KETTLER, from Munster, with advice that the ARCHDUKE AN TIIONY, VICTOR. had been eleded Prince Bishop of Munster. In the night between the 16 - th and r7rh arrived here Count Louts Con Iib.ITZ EL i from Paris. At his Audience of Leaye, the Chief Consul eon. versed with him very circumstantially on the dif ficulties of the Negotiations. The Present (which is not usual), made to. the Count on taking leave, was an extremely valuable Epaulette, sui:cd to the Order of St, Stephen, to which the Count belong.. Among the diamonds in this Epaulette, is onewhich weighs.' 6 carats, and is of the finest water. His Excellency will to r day take the ditedion of Foreign Affairs iu the State Chancery, The French Ambassador, Counsellor CHAM., PAGNY,, has not . yet arrived, but is expected the day after to-morrow. Lord MI NTO expeEts Passes by Mr. ME . 4uri from. the French Minister TAL L EYIIAND, to return with his Lady by way of Calais to England. Letters from Se.alin say, that the ,Fortress of Relgraele, rhrouth the treachery of the old ries, was taken possession of ,by. Corps of the Troops of P4.svAN Oc According to the testimony of several Travefleo who have . passed through Widdin, P.4sw4N 0 011.1/ has a 4ele4 General Staff, a well-served Artillery, and a chosen body of Troops, from to, to 1 7,,cp0 men, regulated and distiplined after the best mg:l - of an E:tkopean Power. 1211 LIN, (FROM Ttf.E . 4LRL#I , I GAZETTE.) A r m?. the decease orHis Royal. Ilighness,tho ELECTOR of COLOGNE and BISHOP of MuNsTEl.i•i i His Majesty the KING, in consequence of the Fin ciples adopted in, the Treaty of Peace of L;,:iieruille l signified to the Dict.at /67 .. :-ilz, and likewise to the two Chapters of the Elegy orate and'Bishoprio . . th4t during the present Negotiations, no netl Election ought to . take place to any Dig t ritiO of the Empire- that might become vacant. But as the Chapter of Munster etas, notwithstanding, proceeded to an eleaion of new Bishop, His Md i. jesty is judged it •proper to transmit the follow ing•Protest at once to the assembled States of the Empire, and ea the two Chapters Of 441/Fier and • AhrensLirg: 6 f His Majesty the ICtzi. of Pe (Psi; a has eapliet'ely clef Oared, b)th to the General ASsernbly of the Einpire, and iR Other places, that .he considered it as a natural, necessary? and undeniable Consequence of the principle of SecularizatiO established by the Treaty of Luneville, that dutin. c ; the : Negotiations relative to the application and carrying 'cad of this principle, n 6 new Eledion sholtlii take plf to any of the superior or inferior Dignities of the Empire, it' case t,f the decease of the present possessors. 4441;y of tae most considerable of the States * the Empire, apd pPs' ticularly the Power with which the Einpire is concluo 6 Pe -Ace, - have publicly apprcv,:d this consequence. The PO' tie , : of this measure 'MIS equally evident with . the inipor.at?; infuenle which it must have on the regulation of the ludo-P.' nities ; and the more necessary was it to preserve the lattef f , Om all new difficulties and perplexities, in order happill to restore Peace to Germany, and fula the wish of evti true Patriot in the empire. It was, therefore, to 113' been expceted with confidence, that the two Chaptcrs or til/ Electorate of Cologne and 13ishopric of lifunsfer, lately yacat ed by a much lamented death, would, with a view to the cal good, have deterred proceeding to any new they must have foreseen, that by such Election, the!. could in no. manner avert their' impending fate, but 0 " I . - contribute to clog with difficulties ,the final settlenteri pf the Peace of the EMpire. Ills MAJESTY with great re gret sees that these two Chal , iters have, notwithstandivg! n, and I: l :e i r e ne m c w e a e L d ie t e h d t e o t o t p h a e e c n D l e a:r:a t t E l o o l f n e I N i i r e ° in the s e t ' 1 4 1 3 e iL ;::t i e c i o e f t t .c o c r li t a ni t s t p c e r : i ) l i d : g tra : Empire and which he signified to the Members of the said 01 / 4 4 Chapters by his Privy-Direaorial Counsellcir and Minister Plenipotentiary, Vent Daum, in which he explicitly P r "' tests, against any new' Eledion of an Archbishop of Colo ° 'and liihop of Munster, and declares that he will cons idc , f / such Eledion void, and will not acknowledge, or i n 3°l manner take cognizance, of any pretended new Archials h q and Bishop, until the all - airs of the Secularization and Co° - pcnsations shall be finally settled." The above Proclamation has been sent off by. the French Minister, General BguttxpNvlLLE, by Courier to .Faris, RA,TISB9N, SEPT. 21. E Eleaorate of Cologne has this day given 10 another Protest against the Declaration of the torate of. Brandenburg, relative. to the Suspe ns;oo of the Eielion of a Bishop: LECHORN, Ssrr,,6.. --- Tin: Ku , sc of ETRURIA has levied a Leo of , i _ 1 so,ooo scudi at Leghorn, which has Leen irnale' ately raised. The Commander at Porto Ferralo has , t d e clar- 2 e t that he will not desist froM tile defence of I'lle P1 3C 0 3 till he has received a formal declaration in ‘ s cri iii ''' ' signifying that the Archduke FERDINAND of 1.- ChM' has renounced the right to that, Fort. kn( PeZ. ev e rtio: and tn; the. C the has. eitg( tt ,, Q,c t 043 Pri, t reat c ont Prq Pr o , -Rg