The Sun. — London, England, 1832-08-23 00:00:00

EAST INDIA-HOUSE, Aug. 1, 1832. THE COURT of DIRECTORS of the UNITED COMPANY of MERCHANTS of ENGLAND, TRADING to the EAST INDIES, do hereby give Notice, That a QUARTERLY GENERAL COURT of the said COMPANY will be held at their House in Leaden hall -street, on WEDNESDAY, the 26th September next, at E!even o'clock in the For , noon. PETER AUBER, Secretary. HORSE BAZAAR, KING ST., and BAKER ST., PORTMAN SQUARE. CARRIAGE DEPATRAIENT. FIVE HUNDRED CARRIAGES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. This Establishment possesses facilities to display 500 Carriages for Sale. EACH CARRIAGE is CONSPICUOUSLY EXHI- KITED in a peostliarly light and advantageous situation. The'extent of the corridors for this purpose is immense, forming a delightful promenade, and affording the fairemt opportunity of CHOICE AND INSPECTION. From it s extensive sales it daily receives an accession of Vehicles of various kinds, and offers a selection adapted to every taste and class. CARRIAGES, upon entering the HORSE BAZAAR far Sale, are carefully cleaned, and subsequently kept in th e best possible condition. Money advanced upon Carriages and Horses. FOR EDINBURG 11. THE Splendid New STEAM-SHIPS, the ROYAL ADELAIDE, Captain MILLS, and ROYAL WILLIAM, Captain CH &PLIN, each 200 horse power, will start from St. Katharine Dock Steam .wharf, near the Tower, as follow : ROYAL WILLIAM, on Saturday Evening, Aug.2s at Ten. ROYAL ADELAIDE, on Wednesday Evening, Aug. 29 , at Ten, ROYAL WILLIAM, on Wednesday Evening, Sept. 5, at Ten. ROYAL ADELAIDE, on Saturday Evening, Sept. 8, atTen, - These Vessels will be found of The very first class in point of speed and accommodations, and are the only ones that afford to passengers the advantage of embarking at the commodious Steam-wharf, London, and landing in the Harbour at Leith. Horses and carriages can thus he shipped and landed with the greatest ease and safety. Fares, including provisions, Chief Cabin, 41. 4s. ; Second Cabin, 21. 10s. The accommodations in the Second Ca bins are very superior, with separate apartments for females. Information obtained, berths secured, and goods re ceived for shipment, at Leith and Glasgow Wharf. Also, by T. Robertson, 164, Strand ; H. Underwood, 56, Haymarket; M. Sanderson, Boar and Castle Inn, Ox ford-street ; Mr. Clarke, Old White Horse Cellar, Pic cadilly; and Mr. Gilbert, Blossoms Inn, Lawrence lane, Cheapside, where light goods are received, and for warded to the Wharf till Five o'clock on the days of starting. JOSEPH ADAMS, Agent. Leith and Glasgow Wharf. THE FALLACIES OF HOPE, a Poem. Foolscap Bvo. ss. boards. POETIC FRAGMENTS from unpublished MSS. Foolscap Bvo. 3s. 6(1. boards. " Some t.hiver'd fragments on the barren ground."---Byron. MOUNTAIN RAMBLERS, and other Poems. By G. H. STORIE, S. C. L. of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. PoNt Bvo. 6s. boards. THE TEST OF VIRTUE, and other Poems. By th e late Miss P. BURRELL. Foolscap Svo. 7s. boards. SIMPLE MINSTRELSY, a Collection of Original Poems. By Mrs. COCKLE. Post Bvo. with elegant Frontispiece. 10s. boards. POEMS, chiefly Comic and Hudibrastie. By W. C. OULTON. Large Bvo. Os. boards. C. Chapple, Royal Library, Pall Mall. THE QUEEN OF THE BELGIANS , AND THE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA. THE COURT MAGAZINE, No. 111., For SEPTEMBER, Edited by the Hon. Mrs. NORTON, Will he embellished with a highly-finished Engraving of the EMPRESS of RUSSIA and CHILD, from the cele brated Painting by George Dawe, Esq., R.A. An EX TRA PLATE will also be given of an admirable Likeness of the. QUEEN of the BELGIANS. The Literary Contents of Nos. 1., 11., and 111. of the Court Magazine include Original Contributions by Miss Fanny Kemble Theodore Hook, Esq. C. M'Farlane, Esq. Mrs. Lee, formerly Mrs. Bow- Mrs. Shelley, Author of ditch . " Frankenstein" Lord Morpeth T. Roscoe, Esq. The late J. Taylor, Esq. Ron. Mrs. Norton Mrs. Trollope Viscount Castlereagh G. H. Caunter, Esq. Mrs Price Blackwood Napoleon Bonaparte, (origi- Tyrone Power, Esq. nal Letters to Marshal J. Burke, Esq. Ney) Lord Nugent Sheridan Knowles, Esq. Viscount Newark Rev. H. Stebhing Rev. H. Caunter Richard Brinstey Sheridan, The late Thos. Sheridan, Esq. Esq. ~ Publish e d by Ed wa rd Bull, 26, Holles-street, Lon ,-"," ; Bell and Bradfute, Edinburgh; and Cumming, Dublin, Price Se. 6d. METHOD OF FISHING IN THE ST. LAWRENCE. In th e spring, the fish usually run up into the thousand small creeks (in England they Would be called rivers) which fall into the St. Lawrence ; these being oftentimes shallow, per mit a man to wade across and along them ; one carries a bundle of dry pine or cedar bark splin ters, lighted and used as a torch ; another fol lows with a barbed spear, having a handle eight or ten feet long, and, by the aid of the torch light, he is enabled to see the fish as they lie alon g th e bottom of the stream ; which fish he cautiously approaches and transfixes with his spear ; when the water is too deep for him to wade, a canoe is procured ; a light iron grate is placed in the bow, and filled with dry pitchy pine splinters, which blaze vehemently, and cast a bright and ruddy glow through the water to many yards distance. The fish, as before, are by this means discovered lying at the bottom of the stream, and are caught in the same manner. Great dexterity is often evinced in the manage ment of the spear ; and I have often seen fish of four or five feet in length caught in this manner. In the calm evenings of summer, as the night comes gradually on, canoe after canoe, with its bright and waving light, may be seen putting silently from shore, and gliding rapidly and noiselessly along the still and glassy river ; with one touch of , the paddle the canoe is inipelled to the spot Pointed out by the gestures of the spearsman, Who, waiting till the fish be within his range, darts his weapon with admirable precision upon the devoted prey, lifts it as quietly as possible into th e canoe, and proceeds onwards in search o f further sport. The water of the St. Law rence, clear beyond that of almost all the rivers I have seen, is admirably fitted for this purpose, and will allow a dexterous sportsman to seize his p r ey, if it be tolerably large, even when the water 15 ten or twelve feet in depth. There are few Sc enes in C ana d a more pecu li ar an d striking t han this ni g ht fi s hi ng. Of ten h ave I s t oo d upon t he bank s o f the broad and beautiful St. Law elllce, and c ontemp l ated w i th rapture t h e a l mos t airy picture it afforded. The still and mighty ex- Parise °twat er, spread out in glassy calmness befot e !Ile, with its edges fringed by a dark mass of huge forests sweep i ng to the very brink of the !iver, and the deep purple shade of night clos ,thi g over all, have, t oget h er, conjured up a scene that has held me for hours in contemplation. he —ootn a song nu s oilf the wa voter,yageur floatin g over t h e fl ent and mellow e d b y dis lance, has, in my imagin at i on , equalled the (3 ng-lost strains of the Venetian gondolier ; the glancing multitude of waving lights, belying the Llo rriely purp ose to which they w ere appl i ed, have seemed a nocturnal festival ; and, by the .441 of a littl e romance ill my own feelings, h ave sl ot seldom cheated me into half poetical mus til'gs• Th e " gar i s h eye o f d ay ," l uc kil y , i n . t ' a , r jahly dispell e d t h e h a ll uc i nat i on , by robbing "e scene of its enchanting but temporary beauty. th would, h owever , recommend the traveller in t . f ) ae distant reg i ons , to v i ew t h e scene i n a i 4 nn night of June ; and I doubt not but that, r 0 sho r t ti me , h e w ill di scover himself more e°lantic than he deemed.—Bouchette's British Minions in America, r - A i do/lit No. 12,465.) PUBLIC MEETING FOR THE PURPOSE OF ESTABLISHING AN EQUITABLE LABOUR EXCHANGE. Yesterday a public Meeting was held at the Ir stittvion of the Industrious Classes, Gray's Inn road, for the purpose (as announced by the adver tisement) of taking into consideration the report o' the Committee appointed at a former meeting, held to consider the best mode of establishing Equitable Llbour Exchanges ; to remedy, as far as practicable, the want of beneficial employment, arising from a false and artificial standard of value, and the defi ciency of the present imperfect circulating medium; and also to consider the practicability of establish ing these Equitable Labour Exchanges in every parish throughout Great Britain and Ireland, and to put an end to pauperism, at present so alarmingly on the increase. About one thousand persons were present, amongst whom we observed several ladies. At a quarter past one Mr. OWEN took the Chair. After explaining the business of the meeting, The SECRETARY read the report of the Com mittee, which set out by stating the great inequali ties of the different classes of society, and the deep distress of the productive classes, who, - though cre ating the wealth of . the whole country, created it for the benefit of others, enjoying but a very incon siderable and very inadequate portion of it them selves. In order to obviate this, the report pro posed to establish equitable exchanges of labour for equal value of labour. The only difficulty antici pated by the Committee in the way of establishing these exchanges, was the want of money capital to supply the means of putting this mighty engine into action. The lowest amount required for this pur pose was 2,0001.—a larger amount would be de sirable. This sum they were unable to raise with out the assistance of capitalists. The Committee had, therefore, prepared a plan, by means of which the money might be raised without allowing the capitalists to exercise an undue influence over the ex changes. iNo money would be borrowed from those who would not subscribe to those regulations, and the Committee were happy to state, that they had already obtained subscriptions to the amount of 1,0001. The exchanges were to be made at the actual cost price of the material, with the value of the labour added to it. And though in the first in stance, it might appear to the producer that his profits were diminished, yet as he would obtain other commodities at the same rate, he would in reality be a gainer. By these means they would be enabled to do entirely without capital, but it was necessary, in the first place, to possess themselves of money, in order to enable them to do without its tie.—( Cheers.) Mr. MURPHY proposed the first resolution," That the report just read to them should be received." Mr. BRA/3Y seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously. Mr. SAVAGE proposed the second resolution, " That an equitable labour exchange should be now established in this institution, on the principles re commended in the report." Mr. O'BRIEN seconded the resolution, observing that there would be no risk, and much benefit, if the undertaking were conducted upon a large scale. The goods proposed to be exchanged by co-opera tors were, in the first instance, to be deposited at the Bank—then a labour price fixed upon them by the Valuing Committee, which price would be nothing more than the cost of production, with the addition of a small per-centage, in the nature of commission. They would thus have the full benefit of their labour, without the intervention of any non productive class to tax their toil. The fact was, that four-fifths of the wealth of the country were consumed by parties who produced nothing, and thus but one-fifth was left to those who produced the whole. One of the objects of the bank was to remove that evil, and amalgamate the unproductive classes with the great body of the people. The operation of the plan would be, he thought, the simplest awl most satisfactory imaginable. A co operator produces any given article; he presents it at the labour bank with a certain value affixed to it. If the Valuing Committee agree with him as to that value, it becomes the price of the commodity, and a labour note is issued stating that to be its price, and the amount of that price be could obtain in any article deposited at the bank for which he might have occasion; a small commission of 5 per cent. being the only charge above the cost price. The saving thus effected was too obvious to be further insisted on, for that having included the profits of the banker, the wholesale dealer, the retailer, and, in too many instances, the profits of the pawnbroker also. Some time since he attended a meeting in Birmingham, where the question of negro slavery occupied the attention of the meeting. He told the meeting that which was the fact—that the negro slaves were well fed, well lodged, well clothed, and had twenty eight holidays, besides Sundays ; they bad also a piece of ground to cultivate for their own use and that of their families; and though they received no wages for their regular work, they had wages paid them for any extra work which they might be will ing to do in after hours. In that way they were enabled to earn money, which in some instances they afterwards used for the purpose of purchasing their emancipation. A slave in the West Indies was worth 101., 201., or even 801., then how much was an Eng lishman worth ? he was worth 40/., less than nothing. Circumstances were now highly favourable for the change which the promoters of the Association sought to bring about—they had it in their power now to accomplish a great revolution, effected by a great moral force acting on commerce and manufac tures, and yielding to them, as he said before, a market ad infinitum, and upon terms the most ad vantageous to those for whose benefit the exchanges were effected, since the intermediate classes, who created nothing, and consumed so much, would no longer exist in that capacity—not that they would be left without employment. Quite the contrary. Fresh sources of occupation would instantly be of fered to them, and they would soon find the means of gaining a more ample livelihood by honest indus try, than by the trickery to which tradesmen were, lie confessed it, 'Compelled to resort, in the present unnatural condition of society. Mr. LYON hoped the day was not far distant when metallic currency would disappear from the business of life. The CHAIRMAN said that nothing would be easier than for co-operators to di spose of labour notes, at any t ime, and for good va l ue, and for any article that they might want. The resolution was then put and agreed to. Mr. SAUL moved a resolution, declaring that the names of all persons willing to make a deposit of 201. each, be then received, and certificates as share holders issued to them. It was proposed that the capital subscribed in the manner set forth in the prospectus, and declared in the resolution which he held in his hand, should be held indivisible, and should be appropriated to the furtherance of the ob ject which they had in view. He hoped that de claration would be taken as an earnest of the good faith and good feeling with which they entered upon their great work. Mr. AUSTIN seconded the motion. Mr. O'BRIEN declared himself a warm advocate for the abolition of slavery, but contended that the good old maxim, " Charity begins at home," should occupy their first attention. Mr. OSBORNE supported the resolution. Ile complained of the predominance of capital over la bour, The labouring man in reality did possess v, iri sv-r - • -4,.. • ... , - - .4. \ . •tr o 41, ""*' ,'. 17 t aw 4' 4 . , •1 , i , •• , , , s 4 .4-... • " V ~,,. (:. .. •'!••:".E7.7::::::XF - -- 2 , * --- '''-' -- ---- 0. C , r. , z .... , , , w d , • ..... ~.. -..,,.\—.. _. , / 74' '7 1,,'• , - ' - . i. -,-:, 1- • . A 1,4. ~.* -,, - - re / '' "' . ''' ':, '''' ( '''': - ‘- k-. ".Z• 41 . ),.7 . -;----'/':' • '''. ---. ... : -' ' , T4 ' ,.- ''' . A. :1 •' 4 j .. ~...„.,,,.,„.,..e.„...„„1 .._.,....•••• 7 -.' - .Y. / \,, , ,r,? -. ..-. 4, -- - .-..: t e:, ll -.-- (A t-r '''') ' •;.' { ' s ti 7 a th. ri )i t i 4 •' ; - .*-, - •,- ( •4. --V •-•: - .7', , •',.t • . ;-•.- , -.- ~... ••i , .. " . -• --,', . ':. •••"--- ,--,.: .4 , ..'. . • PA- -. ' r ii, - ;t - 4 -:' ,- : :,,..... ,:: • ~ r , - - ' <• -• - C --*.ii , .- • , : ' , --- _- •t , • ;4;, !ilteric-cti I ;`4-*` l-4 ' r . •11) , 4 )' A 4 4 : y) V* .- -1 pi , :ik)A , ....4 %-....„.) ---.44 , ...1 , Lte • di ,. ! ___..— I ri , 1,___,11..', (PRlcis 71).) kind; it was a red mark. His Majesty, after 1 , moment, took his bat and went to the window again. I saw his Majesty's head soon after, and there was a mark on it about the size of the head of a desert spoon, but the next day it had gone. As soon as his Majesty returned to the window, I went to where the prisoner was. I asked him several questions as to - the cause of the attack. He said he had been an in-pensio ner of Green w i c h Hospital, but was turned out of it in December last for some quarrel with a wardstaan. He seemed under a strong sense of having been wronged and injured. He said he had been begging the whole of that day, and had got but one halfpenny. As he had the ap pearance of having been drinking, I asked him where he got the money to pay for it, and he said that he had got a shilling from a gentleman the day before, which he had spent in beer : he said he did not care what became of him—that he would as soon be shot or hanged as be starving in the streets. To me he appeared no otherwise affected than as a man who had been drinking until he was half tipsy would be. He acknowledged that he had thrown two stones at his Majesty, and that he had picked up three, with the intention of throwing them all at his Majesty. Cross-examined.—The prisoner appeared in a state of considerable excitement. He seemed to heard from his learned friend, he would be in►pri. soned during the pleasure of the Crown. He was sure that the Sovereign did not wish the death of this unfortunate matt, and that the kind-hearted feel ing which characterized the British navy, of which his Majesty had so long been a distinguished mem ber, would urge his Majesty rather to pity than to punish the poor deluded old man. He was certain, therefore, that this prosecution did nor emanate front his Majesty, or from his Learned Friend the At torney-General, but had emanated from some of his M.jesty's Ministers, for it savoured more of the cold ness of the statesman than of the generosity of the Prince. This he would say, that if the Government, instead of prosecuting this unfortunate man, had prosecuted those whose object it wai to undermine the religion, the morals, and the Government of tl;e country, they would have done right; and if, it:- qead .of seeking the life of this unfortunate pri soner, they had prosecuted those rho hell up to scorn and contempt our illustrious Queen, they would then be deserving of our reverence and re spect. The Learned Gentleman concluded by ex pressing a hope that the Jury would fi:;cl the pri soner of insane mind at the time he committed the offence. Mr. Justice BOsANQUET informed the prisoner, that though two Counsel had been lac and for him, he might say anything he pleased for himself. Pr►soner-1 have no questions to ask the Jury, my Lord. Mr. SWABEY informed him that he might address :hem if he wished. have been drinking, He was not intoxicated, but what people call half-drunk. He had a few old crusts and other bits of broken victuals in his greasy cap. He certainly seemed in a state of great desti tution. The broken victuals which I saw in the prisoner's cap were such as a man in want would eat. By Mr. SWABEY—Were they such as no man would eat who could get better 2—(A laugh.) Colonel Wood—Every man, I presume, would prefer better; but they were such as if I were in want I would eat. They had the usual appearance of broken victuals—a few brown crusts. The pri soner certainly had all the appearance of a man in a state of great destitution. Earl Brownlow, examined by Mr. MAULE.—I was in the Royal stand on the day in question, a little on the left of the King. I heard something come through the air, and saw at the moment his Majesty put up his hand to his head and say " I am hi:." At the same moment I saw the stone come in at the window, which I picked up. I said, " Here is a stone thrown in.' His Majesty said, " Where is it," and I took it up. The Noble Lord here produced the stone, which was a common jagged piece of flint, and appeared to be about four ounces in weight. (It was handed to the Court and Jury.) Richard Gardner—l am a Bow-street officer. I was on duty on the 19th of June, at Ascot-races. I was within a very few yards of the Royal stand, at the window of which his Majesty was standing. I saw his Majesty struck on the head by a stone. The remainder of this witness's testimony was only a repetition of the evidence which had been already given by those who had been before examined as to the prisoner's admissions. Prisoner—They are all strangers to rne. Then, as if recollecting himself, he salt! he would sry a few words to them if hi s L or d s hip pl ease d. He then proceeded with bis address, but the inco herency of his remarks, and the unexampled rapi doy with which they were delivered, prevents our giving more than an outline of their import. He began by stating, that he bad served on board a man-9f-war; that he had sabsequently served their Majesties George 111. and IV. as a warrant-officer. That after he was discharged from the navy in May twelvemonths, he was admitted as an in-pen sioner in Greenwich-hospital, where he remained till the 16th of December last. Ile had been given to understand while at Greenwich-hospital, that Sir R. Keats owed him a grudge for something which he (the prisoner) bad mentioned in conversa tion. He had afterwards some dispute with the mate of the ward, and Sir R. Keats wrote up to the Admiralty on the subject, the result of which was, that a letter came down for his dis charge. He afterwards petitioned the Lords of the Admiralty, but without effect, and that after wards, on the 19th of April, he petitioned his Ma jesty ; that he went to the Palace and inquired at his Majesty's private door. He went again on the 27th: April, and was told that if he would go to the Admiralty he would find a letter that had been left there for him. He then went across the park, and asked the porter at the Admiralty what answer the King had sent. The porter then brought down three letters, and told him by word of mouth that the King could do nothing for him. He brought the letter with him to the Admiral Duncan public house, where there were many who knew the hand writing of Barrow. The letter from his Majesty mt.; part in print and part in writing, and the persons there who knew the hand-writing of Barrow wele willing to swear that he had forged the letter sent to him to the bar of the Admiral Ituncan public house, and that his Majesty knew nothing whatever about it. He went on to say, that on the 13. h, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Richard Dredger, the clerk to the committing Magistrates, produced a confession made by the pri soner before the Magistrates, and to which he (the prisoner) had put his mark in witness's presence. It repeated the story about his dismissal from Greenwich-hospital, and his ineffectual attempts to get back the pension to which be had been entitled before he was admittel to the hospital. It then admitted the fact of the throwing the stones, but expressed regret for having struck his Majesty. This was the case for the Crown. Mr. SWABEY, on the part of the prisoner,did not stand there to controvert the fac:s of this case, as they had been given in evidence; but he thought he had a right to call upon the Jury to investigate thoroughly the motives which had led to such ab surd and irrational conduct on the part of the pri soner,—conduct so different from that which was the result of those motives that usually operated on the human mind. It was for them to consider what motives could possibly lead to such absurd conduct on the part of this unfortunate man—what inexplicable motives could have induced him to do that which had placed him in his present painful si tuation, and whether, at the time he committed the act in question, he was really aware of what he was do ing, and of the consequences that might result from it. He did not call upon the Jury to come to the con clusion that this unfortunate client was mad, but he did call upon them to arrive st this conclusion, — that the prisoner, at the time he committed this act, laboured under an aberration of mind, so as not to be capable of controlling his own actions. This was not an attempt at assassination,—it was an act of folly, for which it was impossible to assign any motive that could be considered as influencing a rational mind. The Jury would perceive from the evidence, that at the time this act was committed, the unfortunate prisoner was ground to the soil of poverty, oppressed with the severest penury, and suffering under the combined effects of hunger and despair. It was in such a state of mind as that that the unfortunate and wretched man committed this act. He had not played the assassin's part—he called for no bowl—be clutched no dagger, to take away the life of his Majesty; but, at a moment when hunger, and the effects of despair, had deprived him of his reason, and when misery had rendered him weary of existence, he proceeded to the commission of an act, the folly and absurdity of which was unprece dented in this country. It was impossible that a man in a sane state of mind could have thrown a stone, as he had done, at his Majesty : but had hunger no pang ? Had despair no object ? Had this unfortunate and wretched man no claims on their com passion ? He did not assert that the prisoner was mad now, but he would maintain, that when he committed this act he was not in the possession of his sound senses,—that, in fact, he was, in other words, 71011 compos menus. The Jury should recollect that the pri soner had received a wound in the head ; that per sons so situated are very liable to receive false im pressions, and that when they do, it was extremely difficult, if not impossible, to eradicate them. He (Mr. Swabey) would not attempt to conceal or to extenuate the follies of the unfortunate man, but still if the Jury should acquit him, they would send him forth a miserable solitary outcast, with no horse ; to go to for shelter,—no domestic hearth to welj come him,—cheerless and desolate he would wander abroad, without any one to rejoice at his delivery— " No children run to lisp their sire's return, And climb his knee the envied kiss to share." To him death, without disgrace, would no doubt be preferable to a miserable life. He (Mr. Swabey) was ready to admit that the prosecution had been conducted with perfect fairness on the part of the Crown. The question for the Jury,to ask them selves was, whether this man was in a sane state of mind at the moment when he committed this of fence. He would now leave the case in their hands, perfectly satisfied that they would do the prisoner justice. 14th, and 15th of June he had not broken his fast. Ou the Sunday morning he went up to Sir Charles Rowley's house—Sir Charles Rowley, whose father was an Admiral. Sir Charles Rowley began to swear at him, and said, " your eyes, what do you want here ?" and he kicked his --, and told him to be off. In conclusion the prisoner said, that after having served his country for years, he was without house, home, or victuals—that he was ex tremely sorry for what he had done, and that he hoped his Majesty would hare mercy upon him. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL replied, after which Mr. Justice BOSANQUET, in summing up the evi dence, said the prisoner at the bar was indicted for the crime of high treason—a crime different from others in this respect—that the overt act alone did not constitute the crime, but the mete intention to commit it would be sufficient; but the intention must be followed by some act or acts which must 1):: proved by two witnesses. It was for the Jury to determine by the evidence laid before them, whe ther the intention, as it was charged by the indict ment, had been made out. An allegation of insa nity had, in this case, been made on hehalf of the prisoner. Now if the Jury should be sati.fied, from the evidence, that the individual charged with a particular crime was of unsound mind at the time he committed it, the law provided, that though he might be acquitted, he should still be detained at his Majesty's pleasure. But before a Jury could arrive at such a conclusion, such evidence must be laid before .them to show that the mind of the ac cused had been deranged previously and at the time of committing the act, because the law presumed that every man knew what he was about, and what what would be the effect of his acts, unless the con trary were shown. It was a new case to set up a plea of derangement, without a single witness being called who was acquainted with the prisoner, to speak as to the state of his mind before the act was committed. It was for the Jury to consider whether the prisoner knew what he was doing, or whether he was of capacity sufficient to know the copse quencesof the act. The Jury then retired, and after an absence of about ten minutes, they returned to Court, when the Foreman said, " We find the prisoner Guilty of throwing a stone, with an intent to do his Majesty some bodily harm." Mr. Justice BOSANQUET —Gentlemen, do you mean to say, as it is charged in the indictment—to do his Majesty bodily harm, tending to maim and wound his Majesty ? The Foreman—We do not find the prisoner guilty of intending to destroy his Majesty; but on the fifth count—of intending to do his Majesty bo dily harm. Mr. Justice BOSANQUET—Then, gentlemen, you find the prisoner guilty on the fifth count, of com passing and devising bodily harm to the King, tend ing to maim and wound his Majesty. The Foreman replied in the affirmative, a..d the •erdict was so recorded. The Clerk of the Arraigns then called on the prisoner to say why sentence of death and execution should not be pronounced upon him ? The prisoner made no reply, but appeared as little affected at his awful situation as at any other part of the proceedings . The Judge; having put on their black caps, Mr. Justice 1103ANQUET addressed the prisoner to the following effect :—" Prisoner at the bar, you have been convicted, after a careful consideration of your case, of the crime of high treason—namely, of compassing and intending bodily harm to the King, tending to maim and wound his Majesty ; and in lifting up your hand against your Sovereign, you cast aside that bond of allegiance which binds the Sovereign to protect his subjects, arid the subjects to obey the Sovereign. In doing so, you have subjected yourself to the extreme sentence of the law ; and it is riot for me or my learned brother to offer you any prospect that a remission of that sen tence is to be procured. You have stated that you are sorry for the offence you have committed. If you really feel contrition for the offence, it is not to us you must address a representation on that sub ject, but to that quarter from which alone mercy can be everided to you in this world. We cannot interfere upon that subject ; and I would have you understand, that in what I have said to you, I do not by any means mean to hold out to you the ex pectation that such a representation on your part will be attended with success. That would be beyond the bounds of my duty.l have only mentioned that channel through which mercy, if any mercy is to be ex tended to you, can come. My duty now is to pro nounce upon you the sentence of the law, and 1 do earnestly exhort you to reflect on the confusion which must have taken place if your attempt had Mr. CARRINGTON next addressed the Jury, and said—The Jury should take the state of his mind and the circumstances under which the offence was committed into their consideration. They should recollect that he was a man who had received a wound in his head,—a circumstance notoriously tend ing to occasional aberrations of intellect;—that is was a hot day ;—that he had drank a shilling's worth of spirits; and that, in fact, his head was turned when he committed the offence. If they believed that he did not intend to do more than he actually had done, they could not find him guilty of this offence ; and if they believed that he was not of sound mind at the time of the act, they would bring a verdict to that effect; and, as they had already LoNnoN, THURSDAY EVENING. AUGUST 23, 1832. capital. Time was capital—(Hear)—skill was es. pital, and labour was capital.—(Hear, bear.) H. heartily supported the plan of labour exchanges, and hoped to see them established, not only here, but in every town and village throughout the coun try. The proceedings of this institution were looked to in order to give a tone to the proceedings of others. He was a currier by trade, and he knew that his fellow-workmen had, during the last ten years, expended more money in endeavouring to oppose the reduction of wages, than the amount of all the capital of their masters.—(Hear, hear.) There were not more than 500 or 600 of the trade in London, and they at one time had 3,0001. in the banker's hands, subscribed for the support of those who lost their employment by refusing to work at a reduced rate of wages. But he was sorry to say, that the brewers were the bankers, and between the brewers and the publicans the whole money was spent in anything but an application to the objects for which it was raised. Mr. BRYCE wished to be satisfied on one impor tant question. They were all manufacturers, and it was very well to exchange manufactures with each otter. But would they get agricultural produce to exchange for their goods?—(Hear.) They, re quired this in the proportion to manufactured produce of at least ten to one; and unless they could get this in exchange for their labour-notes, their labour notes would be useless.—(Applause.) The CHAIRMAN said the suggestion would be taken into consideration. Mr. CLEAVE said that the answer to the last gen tleman would be that which was given to the pub lic during the panic—Confidence, confidence, con fidence.—(Cheers.) He urged on the meeting the necessity of disseminating the knowledge of their principles through the medium of cheap publica tions, and in order to do this, to unite all their ener gies to abolish the taxes on knowledge. It was sur prising to consider what vast resources the working classes possessed, and how frightfully they were wasted in connection with Trade Unions and Bene fit Societies, because those societies were held in public houses, and their money went into the hands of the publican and brewer. One Union at Man chester alone—the Spinners' Union—in the course of a few years spent 70,0001., and in doing what ? —in enabling men to live on a few shillings a week. The CHAIRMAN then solicited the attention of the meeting to a lady. Miss MACAULEY (who was received with great applause) then read to the Meeting an Address, which she had written for the occasion. She stated that as part proprietess of the Labour Exchange, and as having established one on the other side of the water, she felt it in some measure her duty to address them. Moral courage was now wanted The Lek of moral courage was the greatest difficulty with which Mr. Owen had to contend. Moral courage was the feeling which was at all times most difficult to excite, both in men and women. She simply wanted to make a few good co-operative women. Her countryman, Mr. Hirst, had said that one co-operative woman was worth ten men. Fe male exertions were never more required than at the present moment. Mr. Owen might (and she spoke not in the language of adulation or flattery) be justly called the benefactor of the human race. The resolution was then put and carried. The Rev. Mr. NV CONNELL moved the next resolu tion relative to the election of officers, which was to take place on Wednesday next. The resolution was seconded, and carried unani mously. Mr. STYLES moved the next resolution, " That the books should remain open till Wednesday next." The CHAIRMAN then read to the meeting a note which had been handed to him, requesting to know why, after they bad obtained the 2,001. necessary to start the Labour Exchange, they required further subscriptions; and thus, while deprecating capital on the one band, creating a new capital on the other, attended by the worst concomitant of capital, interest, which must be paid by the labouring classes to the non-producer. The CHAIRMAN observed upon this, that the pro cess which he intended to adopt would have the ef fect of destroying the intermediate classes of traders, and rendering the use of money unnecessary; and some means of employment must, therefore, be af forded to those persons, which could only be by the purchase of land. The Resolution was then put and agreed to. Mr. NASH moved a Resolution, empowering the Committee to transact the affairs of the Society till officers were regularly appointed. Mr. BitvcE should be satisfied, if, when he brought goods into the stores, he found provisions there; but if he found nothing to eat, he should be highly dissatisfied. A GENTLEMAN on the platform then announced himself as the author of the note just read to them by the Chairtmo, and which, he thought, was but very imperfectly explained to them, and by no means satisfactorily replied to. It appeared that they were compelled to apply to capital for the means of de stroying capital itself. Their Committee told them that they reqnired a capital of 2,0001. in order to commence their scheme. This might be; but why after they had ()trained 2,000/. in money, should they create new creditors on the labour of tte de positors, by allowing every man who brought in 20/. worth of goods to become a proprietor, and to demand interest for his capital ? It should be re membered that they did not require this capital; it was of no assistance to them. The current ex penses of the Institution would be provided for by a small reduction from the produce of the sale of the articles; and why should they thus unnecessarily allow a new and increltsing debt to be imposed on them, which would entirely swallow up their pro fits? Let them imagine their Society in full ope ration, and meeting their current expenses by the small deductions before mentioned. Suppose ten or twenty individuals should come with 201. worth of goods, and say, now we claim to be admitted proprietors, what would be the effect ? Why', that a further reduction must be made from the produce of the sale of their goods, in order to meet the in terest demanded by these new capitalists—(hear, hear)—and the greater the number that came for ward in this mariner, the greater would be their loss.—( Hear, hear, hear). He differed with them in many points; but he wished them well, and was anxious to see them consistent with their own prin ciples.—(Cheers.) The OrnmsrAN said that all would be propietors —that they would purchase land with the capital thus obtained—and would employ those whom the new system would throw out of work. He admitted that they could go on with the 2,0001., but they sought something more. His object was to destroy all money and all capital. lie trusted this would be satisfactory to the gentleman. Besides, all persons holding shares might sell out. The GENTLEMAN contended, that though all shareholders might sell out, that was merely a trans fer of capital from one individual to another, and did not affect the position; that it was impossible that all could become proprietors under the proposed ,ystem ; all wouhi not, and could not, bring in 201. worth of goods, and therefore could not become proprietors ; that the more who brought in capital to that amount, the more the means of the others would be diminished, as a larger deduction must be made in order to pay the interest. Nothing, there fore, could be a greater absurdity than to speak of the system ss one by which capital would be de stroyed.—(Hear, hear.) A STRANGER, from the body of the meeting, said he thought the present plan wauld meet thei present necessities, The resolution was then read. Thanks were voted to the chairman, and t} meeting separated. HIGH TREASON. ABINGDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 22. TRIAL of DENNIS COLLINS, fora TREA SONABLE ASSAULT on his MAJESTY. This being the day fixed at the Assizes for the trial of the above prisoner for high treason, the Court re-assembled at the County Hall in this town. The interest excited by the trial here was no' great, and appeared to be confined to the upper classes. Sqon after 9 o'clock, the Judges (Bositticturr and GURNEY) took their seats on the bench. The Counsel for the Crown had already assembled. They were the ATTORNEY-GENERAL, Mr. JERVIS, Mr. CAMPBELL, Mi.' SHEPHERD, and Mr. MAULE. For the prisoner, Mr. SWABEY and Mr. CAR. RINGTON appeared, attended by the prisoner's attor ney, Mr. Franklin". The prisoner, Dennis Collins, was then brought _ _ in. He bowed two or three times to the Judges as he took his place at .the bar. On looking round the Court, he recognized Mr. Elliott, one of the Magis trates by whom he was committed, to whom he nodded familiarly, and with a smile, but still there was nothing in his mode of doing so which showed impudence or forwardness. The appearance of Collins seems to have changed greatly for the worse since his commitment. He looked thin and pale, and seemed as if he had re cently had an attack of illness. We understood, however, that he has not been ill. Whatever has been the cause of the alteration, it would be appa rent to any ordinary observer, that it did not pro ceed from any great mental anxiety. He seemed nearly as indifferent on this as he was on the day of his last examination. As soon as he took his place at the bar, the in. dictment was read. It was of considerable length, and contained five counts. The first charged him with compassing and intending the death of the King, by throwing at him the stone, &c. The next charged him with intending to do his Majesty bodily harm tending to his death. The other counts varied the offence, stating it differently. The fifth charged him with compassing and devising bodily harm to the King, tending to maim or wound his Majesty, The prisoner listened with great attention to the in dictment, and seemed somewhat puzzled by hearing the same offence described in so many ways. When asked whether he was guilty or not, he answered in a firm yet respectful manner—" Not guilty, my Lord." The prisoner having been given in charge,— The ATTORNEY-GENERAL addressed the Jury. The prisoner, he observed, stood before them charged with the highest crime known to the law—that of a direct attack on the person of the King, with the lltention of doing him bodily harm and placing his ife in danger. There had been two Acts passed on his subject, one in 1796, and the other in 1799 or 1800, by which any overt act done which could show an intention to compass the death was made high treason; the second of these Acts made it equally treason to do any act which could show an intention of doing the Kicg any bodily harm, tend ing to maim him. Now what were the circumstances of the case charged against the prisoner (Here the Hon. and Learned Gentleman shortly detailed the circumstances of the attack, which were afterwards stated by the witnesses.) It would be proved that the blow which his Majesty had received was of sufficient force to make him reel back, and that it left a considerable mark, which remained for some time. It would also be put beyond doubt that the act was deliberately done by the prisoner; that he was aware of the consequence of his act, and that he said it was as well to be hanged or shot as to starve in the streets. All these were important matters to show the prisoner's intention. The motive of that intention would also be proved in the prisoner's own admission—that he had sent a petition to have his pension restored, but that not having had the desired effect, he determined to make the attack on him. That his Majesty's life was in danger, no reasonable doubt could be enter tained, for it was probable that had the hat not in tervened, the blow which his Majesty had received might have been fatal. It would, however, be for the Jury to say whether, all the circumstances of the case being considered, there was evidence to show that the prisoner did intend and compass the death of the King; if so, they would bring in a verdict to that effect, and the prisoner would then be de clared guilty of the highest crime known to the law. It would be said, perhaps, that the prisoner was not at the moment in a state to judge of the consequences of his own acts. He was aware that the prisoner had lost a leg, and had received a wound in the head ; but there was, he believed, no good ground for supposing that those wounds had disturbed the prisoner's reason. George Smith, Esq. examined by Mr. JERVIS— I fun a Post Captain in the Royal Navy. I was at Ascot races on Tuesday, the I 9th of June last. I was, between three and four o'clock on that day, standing about forty or fifty yards from the Royal Stand. I saw his Majesty at the window of the stand. I saw a stone pass through the air, which struck his Majesty above the rim of the hat. I saw a man as if recovering from the act ion of throwing a stone. The man was about fifteen yards from me. He was nearer the Royal stand by that distance than I was. I rushed immediately to the spot, and in pass ing to the man I saw him distinctly throw a stone to wards the stand. I seized him by the collar. That man was Dennis Collins, the prisoner. At that moment a Bow•street officer, named Gardner, came up, and took the prisoner into custody. I saw his Majesty reel back when struck, as if he was struck severely. I afterwards went into the police-room. Gardner and Townsend were with the prisoner. I heard questions put by the Earl of Uxbridge and Colonel Wood, who asked prisoner why he had so committed himself as to throw the stone. He said he was very unfortunate, and he did not care whether he was shot or hung. He Mt himself aggrieved, but lie was very sorry for what he had done. He had thrown the stones which he said he had p;cked up at the back part of the stand. He appeared much excited at the time. Mr. Benjamin Turner, examined by Mr. CAIuP -13ELL.—I wai at Ascot RIM; on the 19th of June. I was about 18 or 20 yards from the Royal Stand. His Majesty was in front, with the window open. T _ I saw a missile going through the air, which ap peared like a good sized potato. I saw it strike his Majesty over the brim of the hat. His Majesty ►►ore his hat over his eyes to screen them from the sun. 1 saw a hand go down 15 or 20 yards from me when the stone was thrown. Believing that to be the hand which threw the stone, I made through the crowd towards it, and saw the same hand throw a stone, which went into the stand. The person who threw the stone was the prisoner, Dennis Collins. I saw Capt. Smith seizing the prisoner. Colonel Wood, examined by Mr. SHEPHERD---1 was in the Royal Stand, immediately on the left of his Majesty, on the day in question. I heard the stone strike him. He put up both his hands, as if to catch his hat, which was driven to the back of his head. His Majesty made some exclamation which I could not hear. He then went back in the stand, got a chair, and appeared pale and faint; he asked for a little wine and water; he took off his hat, and I saw a mark on his head, us if from a blow of some c 1