The Sun. — London, England, 1853-08-23 00:00:00

ROYAL PRINCESS'S VIEATRE, OXFORD-STREET, Under the Management of Mr. Charles Kean. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 23, Will be performed THE DAY AFTER THE WEDDING. Sup ported by Mr. and Mrs. W. Lacy. After which, SARDANAPALITS. Principal characters by Mr. end Mrs. C. Kean. To be followed by CHESTERFIELD TEIINSKIN. Characters by Messrs. Harley, Meadows, Addison, 'and Miss Vrvash. THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHL Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster —Directress, Madame Celeste. THIS EVENINCI„ACGIIST 23, Will be p e rformed GENE VIEVt. Characters by Messrs. Parselle, Cullenford, WooTgar, Leigh Murra y , Hastin g s, A. Wigan, Paul Bedford, Keeley, 0. Smith , and C. J. Smi th; Miss Woolgar and Dirs. Keeley. After which, w ill be presented SARDANAPALUS. To be followed by THE CAMP AT CHOI3IIADL To conclude with WHAT! NO CAB? ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Farren. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 23, Will be performed THE TIMES. Characters by Messrs. T. Farren, T. Mead, William Farren, H. Marston, G. Cooke, and Shalders ; Mesdames Anderton, H. Gordon, E. Turner, and Bartlett. With SHYLOCK, or, THE MERCHANT OF "VENICE PRE SERVED." Shylock, Mr. F. Robson. To conclude with THE WANDERING MINSTREL. Jem Bags, Mr. F. Robson. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. W. Cooke. The Best Ventilated Theatre in London.—Excitement exraordinary. —The increasing demands at the Box-office to witness the memo rable spectacle of the Battle of Waterloo, renders it imperative on the management to announce its continuance till SATURDAY, September 3, when it must positively be withdrawn, to make room for the new classical novelty which will be produced with un paralleled splendour.—Mr. W. COr.'KE will, by general desire, appear every evening on his magnif cent charger "Raven."—N.B. Miss EMILY COOKE will positively appear on Saturday, Septem ber 3. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 23, And during the week, will be presented (57th night) the success fill National Spectacle of filE BATTLE OF WATERLOO, with military effects, reviews, terrific encounters, &c. To be followed by Mr. W. Cooke's original Scenes in the CIRCLE, introducing Mr. Alfred Cooke (the Premier Rider) as the Spirit of the Oracle, or the Warrior of the Sun. Concluding with (89th time) THE CHASE ; or, LIFE ON THE TURF. Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. %Y. Weal ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 23. CHUSAN, Splendid MENAGERIE, Grand Military Band, Vocal acd Instrumental Concert. Marvellous display of THE FEAST OF LANTERNS, brilliant FIREWORKS, and EXPLOSION of CHINESE FIRE SHIPS. Admission, Is. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. T fry DAT —Morning 38 min. after 4 I Evening 57 min.aft. 4 To-Moßaow —Morning 12 min. after 5 Evening 30 min.aft. 5 THE WEATHER.—SuN OFFIcg, Atroun 23. TEIERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 73 highest since noon yesterday. 58—lowest this morning and during the night. 63—this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29'85. WIND, N.E.—Cloudy. I,lr A nn , h Zic LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1853. It seldom happens that political intelligence from one of our colonies possesses an attraction comparable in any respect to its wealth or mag nitude. A battle in Hindostan, a riot in the Canadas, a foray at the Cape of Good Hope, a pestilence in the West Indies, an execution at Ceylon, may each of them be fragments of intel ligence invested for us in the United Kingdom with a peculiar fascination. Nevertheless, en thralling though accounts of that kind doubtless appear to those who chance to be interested in the particular locality connected with the informa tion, that information cannot be regarded in any way as corresponding in value or importance with the capacity of the colony referred to, with its riches or its dimensions. Once in a way it so falls out that it is not by any means thus with the political news received in this country through the last despatches from Australia. According to those despatches it would seem that an address was on the 10th of last May laid before the Le gislatii-e Council at Sydney by Sir CHARLES Frrznoy in his capacity as Governor -General— an address so remarkable in all respects as to command from the British journalist, even at this remote distance, especial and most commendatory observation. His Excellency evinces throughout every por tion of this able, and for many reasons memorable, document, a wise cognisance of his large and weighty responsibilities. He perceives, more over, that at the present moment he stands in his official capacity within reach of many inestimable opportunities for the advancement of the colony in material prosperity and in social advantages, by the judicious application of its productiveness, and by the wholesome training of its population. Under the guidance of a Pro-Consul as experienced and energetic as Sir CHARLES FITZROY, it is not by any means likely that one of those same oppor tunities will be lost to the people of Australia. In testimony of this, it is only requisite to exa mine succinctly the various clauses or paragraphs of the Address already mentioned. It will be perceived at once from that address (given by us in our impression of yesterday) that his Excellency the Governor-General of the colony does not re strict his recommendations to the local legislature to one or two subjects only, requiring its inter position with a view to immediate improvement. He specifies almost every question of importance which can be supposed at this juncture to affect the interests of the multitude of colonists settled or now settling in Australia. He commences, of course, as might have been expected, by acknow ledging with gratitude to DIVINE PROVIDENCE " the general prosperity enjoyed by all classes of the community," in doing which his Excellency takes occasion to remark with arresting impres siveness that never before, since the colony was first called into existence, has the material condi tion of its inhabitants been in a condition more progressive or more satisfactory. Having thus notified the extraordinary consequences of the great gold-digging enterprise, Sir CHARLES FITZROY commends particularly to the attention of the Legislative Council the necessity of making larger provision for the comforts, the safety, and the general happiness of the col o ni s t s by a ser i es of prompt and c omprehensive improvements. He intimates that, ‘ i in consequen ce i onsequenee of the large num ber of persons Po sing and fr om th e go ld fi e ld s of Victoria, and the instances es of ou t rage an d rob bery which have occurred both on the line of the great southern road and in th on the boundaries of th at colony;" be li as a l rea d deemed it advisable r at h er ulltry situated nmdlerice abl y e y sta t b o lis i h n : crease the amount of th e district police ment : but he ventures furth er than this by - - m eseteinllt largereOe‘ur nouncing it as his convicti on th at r rences have rendered advisabl e a and probably permanent u agmentation. So much for the advanced security of life and propett y in Australia. Now for the greater convenience o f its geographical arrangements—the media for th e readier development of its resources—the sourc e of comfort, and riches, and happiness to its vast population. As affecting these important objects in a remarkable manner, the building of new roads and the repairing of old, are more especi ally among the prominent enterprises submitted by Sir CHARLZS FITZROY to the consideration of the Australian Legislature. He insists upon the imperative necessity of properly repairing the " principal leading thoroughfares," appointing competent road engineers, and preparing the way by the skilful management of the ordinary roads for the ultimate establishment of railway commu nication. While attending thus sedulously to the physical or material condition of the colony, with an eye to its improvement, his Excellency is far from being indifferent to the magnitude of the need latterly- manifest for bolder and larger mea sures than ever for securing to the community the blessings of intellectual and moral advancement. lie reminds the Legislative Council of the remit tances lately made by the Colony to England— remittances to the amount of 105 ,0001. forur poses of immi gra ti on p . he recalls to their recollection the f ac t, that the public re venues of Australia ex cee d e d in amount . du • this last year what had b een received durriinng 1851 by no less than 100,000 j, !_he Observes likewise, that " this increase arose exclusively in the general revenue," the territorial revenu e hav ing, indeed, during the same interval, been some- what diminished ; and maintains, cogently enough, that by reason of the colony being in the " enjoyment of so large a measure of ma terial p2osperity," therefore, it becomes incum bent upon its rulers to adventure upon some cor responding provision for the intellectual and moral improvement of its population. A noble and generous foresight on the part of the Governor- General, which, it is to be hoped, will excite the emulative benevolence of the Australian Legisla ture ! Sir CHARLES FITZROY does not, however, con e tent himself with merely generalising upon the prosperity of that vast colony which has been en trusted to his administration, and upon the ad visability of adopting certain measures for its • social and political advancement. He specifies several of the important projects about to be laid by him upon the table of the Legislative Council. He recommends, for example, the augmenting of the amount allotted for education, the extension of primary schools, and the encouragement of institutions calculated to promote the higher branches of science and literature. Added to which, he advises the continuance of in quiries already commenced in regard to the pro per registration of births, deaths, and marriages, so as to command in time a more accurate know ledge of the extent of the mortality and the amount of the population. He promises to aid the Council in amending the law for more effectu ally preventing the desertion of seamen from mer chant vessels, a change most desirable under ex isting circumstances, as thousands have learnt to their cost by a rather calamitous experi ence. Beyond all, Sir CHARLES FITZROY proposes, as here intimated in his copious and masterly ad dress, to introduce certain bills for improving the procedure of the Supreme Court, both at common law and equity—observing that these bills have been based upon Acts of Parliament passed during the previous session at Westminster, because, con tinues his Excellency, " I deem it highly de sirable that the legislation of the colo n y on th e subject of law reform should keep pace with the improvements adopted in England." Under the care of an administrator thus energetic, observant, and sagacious, it is scarcely possible but that the political well-being and the social welfare of the colonists will correspond with the vast material prosperity of Australia. The Select Committee on the Slave Trade Treaties between Great Britain and Spain and Portugal, and the manner in which they have been carried out, is now published, and it is one which none of us can read without deep mortifica tion. We have declared the slave trade to be, what it really is, piracy; and we have given costly evidence that English feeling is thoroughly sincere in its verdict. We have made treaties for its suppression, which are now carried out honestly by all the contracting parties, except Spain and Portugal. To these two faithless and corrupt Governments, bankrupt equally in finance and naval power, we have paid within a trifle of 4,000,000/. since 1815 (nearly 3,000,000/. of it to Portugal), to obtain their concurrence in the suppression of the traffic ; in addition to 225,000/. to indemnify Portuguese claimants of vessels and cargoes captured by British cruisers ; and all this in addition, again, to the enormous cost of our naval efforts for thirty-eight years, to suppress the slave trade on the coast of Africa. Brazil is now, from the report of the committee, acting with sincerity and good faith. It is Spain, in Cuba, and Portugal, along a coast line of 1,500 miles on the eastern side of Africa, who are bearding us contemptuously, flinging our treaties in our face, laughing at the folly which threw away 4,000,0001. of money upon them, and putting us to the heavy expense of our African squadron. The language of the Report before us is as calm in giving its details as any diplomatist can desire, yet what we have stated is but an unexaggerated summary of the main facts. It is in evidence, sec. 10, that since 1849 the Brazilian slave trade diminished from 50,000 or 60,000 annually, to 700 in 1852, and that of these the greater part had been seized by the Go vernment, showing that equal sincerity on the part of Spain and Portugal alone is wanting. The Brazilian Government, sec. 14, not only passed stringent laws, but seized and banished some suspected Portuguese merchants. It is in evidence, sec. 16, that through our efforts the slave trade in Cuba had nearly ceased, and can therefore be stopped. Also, sec. 18 and 19, that every legal facility is now afforded by the Go vernment for the detention of slaves actually brought to Cuba, and that the Government mail ships have been employed to land them ! That the trade has increased or decreased according to the corruptibility or integrity of the Captain- General. "In 1840 that officer received half a doubloon for each slave landed, and the trade flourished ; from 1841 to 1843 General VALDEZ refused the fee, and the trade nearly ceased ; in 1843 General O'DONNELL demanded a fee of three doubloons ; other governors did the same till 1850, and the trade has been vigorous all that time. General CONCHA, who refused the fees, and took active measures to put down the trade, was recalled in six or eight months !! ! Further, sec. 20, that it was notorious that public officers of all ranks at Havannah received bribes for con nivance at the landing of slaves ; and that the influence of persons of great distincticn at Madrid, whose capital was largely employed in this accursed trade, was sufficient to procure the recal of any Captain-General who dared to attempt its sup pressi ; and that by this means " the Spanish Government has been induced to violate its trea ties, and to suffer these persons to obtain large profits by this detestable traffic." There has been no want of diplomatic energy on the part of all British Governments in this matter. Lord ABERDEEN, in 1843, in a most important dispatch to Mr. BULWER, sec. 22, placed before the Spanish Government all the .eaties it was bound by, and all the money paid by Great Britain, in the strongest light. Lord PALMERSTON'S efforts, sec. 23, appear in every dispatch ; he endeavoured in vain to have the trade declared piracy, as it had been by the United States and the Brazils. Lord HOWDEN, Lord JOHN RUSSELL, the Earl of CLARENDON, all did their part. In a word, no subject has more com pletely commanded the zeal of English statesmen of every party. Yet all in vain ; though the com mittee observe, sec. 23, " History does not record a more decided breach of national honour than the letter of the Earl of ABERDEEN establishes against Spain.". Mr. CRAIITURD, her Majesty's Consul- General at the Havannah, reports, indeed, in his last dispatches (21st and 25th June, 1853), that " there is a man if es t diff erence i n themeasures adopted by the Government of Cuba to check the alarming extent of the slave trade." It would appear, however, that it is only the alarming intelligence extent, endangering a forcible intervention, per- August, w e hal 3 B, that is checked. By the Atlantic, which • of the famous,arn brings riace from New York to the 6th of who had been that ZULITETTA, the proprietor arrested after the scandal caused by frolic on board sham confinement, the vessel of 13,000 slaves at a an v d e s h sel, was only placed in ad returned to his house in Havannah, holding quite a numerous le vee o f his friends and the principal slav e holders The same communication mentions that his estate 172 negroes, seized on Alava, had been returned to him, and. that h s ailors of a slhopers at mid a s. t e e at sl vessel which had just landed 450 es being dealt with in the customary eaays were It would therefore seem that doubloyonatyle are in still doing their work, and that Spain Cuba is still, for the sake of retaining f or her Governors there the price of blood, i s still violating all our treaties with her, perpetuating a horrible traffic, in which she now stands nearly alone, for it is she who alone finds the market ; and repaying us, for all the money we have paid her, by compelling us still to main tain a costly African navy—a navy which some will think had better be employed against the Government which treats us thus. We might certainly take possession of Cuba, in the language of Count NESSELRODE, as "a mate rial guarantee" for the fulfilment of violated trea ties, of heavy cash bargains, and to obtain indem- nification for . the cost we have been put to. The fleet reviewed last week would make short walk of that ; and now that every resource of diplo macy has been tried in behalf of a confessed right, it is hard to see what international law could pre vent us from forcibly grasping that member of the Spanish empire by which all this violation of treaties is _perpetrated. We should be merely seizing the violator of international rights flagrante delicto, and holding his hands from further injury till the lawful authorities would themselves put down his villanies. The slave trade has never been in so ma nageable a form as it now is. One treaty breaking nation furnishes the single market, an other treaty-breaking nation furnishes the kid napping depots. Both the nations are justly ame nable to us for their gross faithlessness. That faith lessness costs us •an immense annual sum, and we have the full power to put the whole thing down by declaring further persistence in such a course a casus belli, or like NICHOLAS, only with so much right and good faith on one side, to take bail for Spain's appearance in a Court of Honour. Of course General PIERCE would bluster, and some nearer home would demand explanations ; they could be honestly and satisfactorily given. None, however, would be needed. Spain would not need another word, if she knew that England would be trifled with no longer. After the Russian affair we really do require some evidence that our fleets are not kept for mere idle pomp, and to burn gunpowder at reviews. MONEY MARKET INDIA AND CHINA. CITY INTELLIGENCE. (BY SUBMARENETELEG_RAPB.) CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were estimated at from 5,000 to 6,000 bales, all to the trade. The market was heavy. The sales com prised 100 Bahia, at bid. ; 400 Egyptian, at 7d. to 10d. ; 300 Surat, 3f d. to 4p, and the remainder American. Railway Shares were steady at rather better prices. The accounts from the Australian colonies are giving rise to a good deal of speculative reasoning as to the future value of money, and the low rate of interest produces many apparent anomalies. In reality, however, all these things hinge upon a common pivot, and singular as recent changes may appear, stranger may yet occur. In the first stage of the gold discoveries, coin was so scarce that the precious metal was bartered away far below its intrinsic worth ; at a loss indeed to the hardworkel digger, which, measured by the common standard, must appear absolutely ridiculous. The supply of the raw ma terial being in unusual excess, and that of the wrought article inconveniently scarce, of course explains this phase of affairs, and here precisely would have been the advantage of a Mint, could it have been promptly established, by effecting a vast saving of expense in trans mission to England, preventing loss of interest, and risk of shipwreck, aid spoliation. The enormous profits obtained had the usual effect of drawing into the gold market keener competitors, and at this moment the supply of sovereigns is superabundant, and the seling value of the pre cious metals enhanced to a point that destroys all profit. As a necessary squence coin will be sent back, unless new local outsets keep pace with the mines. The ba n k s are over flowingllic wealth, an d i n t erest i s so produc production of of m the eta low that a 5 per cent. guarantee upon the con templated railway at Sydney commands 10 per cent. premium. As new undertakings are formed, this may again be changed, and when the mint is in operation there will be a new disturbing ele ment. The very fact that there is to be a mint indisposes the miner to part with his gold, and reckon ing loss of interest, he can afford to keep it until the local coming establishment begins. Thus there will be many further " ups and downs" before the Aus tralian money markets can be measured by the ordinary European standard, and the dogmatic reasoning of those who take their estimate from what occurs here is as futile as it is irrational. Due allowance must be made for new and even improbable contingencies, or the whole fabric which they rear falls to the ground. There has been a flatter market for English Se curities, the result both of the renewed fall of rain and of that little reaction which usually occurs after an adva nce o f any extent within a limited period. The foreign news offers nothing particu larly novel, and as there is every probability o f occasional dis qu i e ti ng rumours untilthe Rus s i ans troops have qu itt e d th e Principalities, the mar ket will not be so firmly . re-established i n it s former position as otherwise might be the case. If it be true, however, that the purchases for delivery are really so large as has been stated, the Bears will ha ve a difficult task, h aving already sold freely to keep p r ices down. Th e quest i on is, however, even u n d e r improved circu ms t ances, whether Consols are not sufficiently high ? For Transfer they hav e b e en done at ?Si t o 981, but for Account th e y h ave not been h ig h er than 98k. This is a signifi ca nt proof th a t th e specula tors, as a body, are disposed. to k eep d own the market, but that the public or capitalists h ave more confidence, and are investing. The New 34 per Cents. have be e n 101 i , and the 3 per C ents. 99 to f. Bank St o ck keeps v er y fi rm, at an im provement to 2281 and 229. India Stock has been done at 257. Exchequer Bills have risen to 2s. and 3s. premium, an indication that money is more plentiful on the Stock Exchange at any rate. This is due partly to the purchases of stock. In Foreign Stocks there is very little doing. They have, however, for the most part, maintained their value. Grenada Deferred are about 101 ; Peruvian 4 per Cents. 85i to 86 ; Russian 5 per Cents. 1171 to 1181 ; and Sardinian, 96k to 97. Spanish Certificates are not so good, being 61 and until the plans of M. Salamanca are better un derstood, there is not much inducement to buy. Whatever they may be, not having legislative sanc tion, they will be dangerous to participators. Dutch 21 per Cents have been steady at 64k. Sar dinian have been done at par. Arrangements have just been completed for re working the Old Trewether antimony and silver lead mines, situate in Endellion, Cornwall. Up wards of 60,0001. profit was realised from the great antimony lode during two years. The company will have the engine at work on the lode to fork the water in about three weeks, when about 35 tons of antimony ore will be recovered, which 'was left in the adits when the old works filled with water. The lead lodes are rich in silver—more than 300 oz. of silver to the ton of ore was formerly obtained from the deep adit near Port Isaac. In 1825 the trustees of the British Museum gave 1,0001. for various specimens from these mines, which is an ample proof of the value of the various lodes. The Railway Share Market has been steady as respects some of the lines, but business is not active. Caledonian are cheaper, and North- Western are not quite so good. York and North Midland have improved, and South Wales are in favour. South-Eastern are rather better. Great Western are heavy. French Shares have been less dealt in than for some time past. The Bears having suffered considerably of late, are timid in operating further, while those who have lately bought have taken up th e i r s h ares. With such splendid traffic, high . as Fren c h s h ares ru l e, many parties will run all risk of political convulsions in view of the prospect of further improvement. The Gold. Mine Shares have been firm, but al most nominal. The Australian Company is better. The Joint Stock Bank Shares ar e a t a b ou t prev i ous rates. Land Companies' Shares are steady. TRIESTE, AUG. 22. The steamer Bombay arrived at half-past two p.m., in 111 hours from Alexandria. The India mail has arrived at Alexandria with dates from Calcutta, July 16 ; Bombay, July 20 ; Hong Kong, July 7. The King of Ava, being starved into submission, has sued for peace, set the British prisoners at liberty, and requested that the river blockade may cease. The Governor-General has assented, and pro claimed peace, although a formal treaty has not been concluded. Trade in India is dull ; the markets easy. In China the Imperialist forces had attempted to regain Ching-Kiang-Foo, but without success, notwithstanding foreign aid. The markets were dull. The several verdicts which have just been taken by consent at the Liverpool assizes in the series of actions brought against the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company for damages, amounting in the aggregate to no less than 7,3001., exclusive of costs, prove that there is not the slightest necessity for extending the limits of the law in order to induce Railway Directors to ex ercise due vigilance over the lives and property committed to their charge. The heavy pecuniary loss which must necessarily follow any serious accident is surely a sufficient guarantee for the greatest possible amount of caution, without ren dering the Directors criminally responsible for any mischance ending in death, and thus, as we pointed out on a former occasion, preventing gentlemen of high position and character from bestowing valuable services, to which such serious liabilities might be attached. Some coroners' juries who, like the celebrated tailors of Tooley-street, thought the eyes of England were upon them, totally misconceived their duties. In place of un derstanding the very subordinate function in which they were engaged, they fancied themselves legislators for the time being, and thought that they might effect a revolution in the criminal code by deciding, not according to the actual law, but to what they thought the law ought to be. In consequence of this extraordinary delusion two gentlemen, Messrs. SCOTT and BEATTIE, were sub jected to the expense and inconvenience of a criminal trial during the recent assizes for the county of Surrey. The admirable observations of the Lord Chief Baron in that case, showed that there was not the slightest foundation for that vexatious charge— that the law was not to be lightly strained for the sake of gratifying the vanity and self-importance of a few obscure individuals having a morbid craving after notoriety, or pleasing certain jour nalists who have long been distinguished for the animosity towards the railway interest, displayed on every possible occasion. Mr. Justice ERLE has now added the weight of his authority to that of Sir FREDERICK POLLOCK, declaring that, although " a great desire had been mani fested to make railway directors felons, by prosecuting them for manslaughter in cases of railway accidents, it had always been his opinion that civil actions and the costs imposed would secure proper care." The learned Judge was right. There can be no doubt that the pecu niary penalty, whilst it is far more beneficial to the surviving families of the sufferers, will be far more efficacious in preventing the recurrence of such accidents as can be averted by the adoption of even reasonable precautions—that it is best calculated to afford the necessary protection to the community. For, in the first place, as we have already stated, the criminal test would materially deterio rate the respectability and efficiency of Boards. Men of rank and fortune would not subject them selves to the chance of being convicted as felons for matters totally beyond their own control. There could unquestionably be found persons willing to undertake any responsibility for which they were handsomely remunerated, but their ser vices would not be, by any means, so beneficial either for the shareholders or the public as those of the gentlemen who had been driven into pri vate life by the stringency of the new enactment. And it would afford very little consolation to be reaved families who mourned the loss of a father or provider, to think that a director had been imprisoned for a few months on account of the calamity. Far better, as we have stated, that they should receive such pecuniary assistance as might render some compensation for the injury they had sustained, averting the privations of poverty from being added to their other sufferings. Before Lord CAMPBELL'S Act for the abolition of deodands, and affording a claim for pecuniary damages to the families of those who lost their lives by any accidents arising from the negligence of any parties whatsoever, there was an universal outcry as to the inadequacy of the criminal re sponsibility—an outcry, in which the same Journalists who have latterly been clamorous for the criminal remedy participated. The only remedies afforded, were first by deodand on the instrument by which the death was caused, and which, in the great majority of cases, became inoperative, as whenever a large sum would be forfeited the Ccroner's inquisition was gene rally quashed ; and secondly, by the prosecution of the parties—which, save in cases of crass negligence, seldom led to any heavy punishment. The civil action totally failed in the event of the death of the party injured. Lord CAMPBELL'S Act, which removed that grievance, was hai'ed with general satisfaction, as it was considered to provide the remedy exactly suited to the exigency of the case ; but before it was long in operation, the grumblers were once more at work seeking for criminal en actments. We trust, however, that the ridiculous demands will now cease. If the question be seri ously mooted, it will be found that the railway Shareholders who are converted into insurers to an unlimited extent, are the persons who have the greatest right to complain ; as Mr. LAING some time since pointed out, it is an unquestionable hardship to be compelled to insure the pecuniary value of the life of a Lord Chancellor, an Arch bishop, or a successful Physician or Barrister, without receiving a farthing remuneration for the extra risk. Some provision may have to be made to meet this difficulty, but it is the only direction in which a movement is required. BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY. (From the Official List.) Business done. Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 994 9 3 per Cent. Consols Annuities .f New 34 per Cent. Annuities lag Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860 India Stock Consols for Account Bth September 9Bi Exchequer Bills, ld. £l000 £5OO 2 3 p Small 2 3 p PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY. Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent Ditto New, 1852, 41 per C en t lOO 99 s d Equador Bonds Grenada Bonds, Deferred Peruvian Bonds, 41 per Cent. Ditto for the Account Bsa Russian Bonds, 5 per C on t. Cent. Ditto 0 per 102 r Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent. Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent. 23i i Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun. q i s ' p c Dividends on the above payable In London. - . Dutch Exchange, 21 per Cent. TffREE O'CLOCK. - Consols 9S g Ditto September Account 9Bl g ARRIVALS OF GOLD.—The James Alexander arrived yesterday from Port Philip with 20,353 ounces of gold, valued at 81,500/. The Cambodia was also reported, but she has only 50 ounces ; and there were several other arrivals f rom Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand—all, however, with old dates. SPECIE.—The mercantile accounts from Paris describe increasing ease in the money-market. The influx of gold continues, and the Mint have notified a further ex tension of thr . ee days in their period for coinage, the time now required being 65 days.—The amount of specie brought from the United States yesterday—viz., 100,000/.—is larger than was anticipated under the pre sent adverse condition of the New York stock-market. The supply of gold in London is now considerable, and it is expected that the greater portion, instead of being sent to the Continent, as heretofore, will find its way to the Bank of England. OnEssA.—The advices from Odessa reach to the 12th of August. At that date telegraphic information had been received of the state of the London corn-market to the sth. A very active business had in consequence been transacted, but the demand had subsequently slackened, partly in consequence of renewed uneasiness on political matters, caused by the reports of an in tended occupation of Servia by the Austrians. The general purchase of grain included large quantities of Indian corn and rye, and these, as well as the wheat lately taken, were intended for the Mediterranean, it being now considered certain that the crops in Italy and the South of France are decidedly and seriously deficient. The scarcity of shipping was felt to a greater extent than ever, and freights had risen to 115 s. per ton for tallow, or 15s. Bd. per quarter for wheat. FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE RIVER.—On Sunday morn ing the barman, potboy, and an apprentice to Mr. Wes ton, a carpenter, who keeps the Bell Tavern, Addle-hill, Doctors' Commons, proceeded in a boat to bathe near Westminster-bridge. It appears that the apprentice and barman were contending with each other in a swimming match, when, after going some distance, probably from weakness, or from being seized with cramp, one was seen to cling round the other's neck, and both disap peared. Their bodies were not found last evening. The potboy arrived at their residence with deceased's clothes, to tell of the catastrophe about noon yesterday. "JUSTICE TO SCOTLAND."—We are glad to hear that arrangements are in progress for holding a great public meeting, to be presided over by the Earl of Eglinton, in the course of November next, under the auspices of the Scottish National Association.—Eclinburgio Post. THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO IRELAND.—In all quarters of Dublin the most active preparations are being made to give the Queen a right hearty welcome to the Irish me tropolis. The arrangements for her Majesty's reception at the Exhibition building are nearly completed. It is stated that there will be a grand review of the troops in the Phoenix-park on the occasion of her Majesty's visit. PAINTING BUCKINGHAM PALACE.—On account of the rapidly decaying nature of the stonework in the new front of Buckingham Palace, which has just been exten sively repaired, further examination has determined the authorities that the only efficient protection for it in future will be a coating of paint on the outside. A new scaffolding has, therefore, been erected, and the work was commenced on Saturday last. THE DUCHESS OF KENT IN EDINBURGH.—Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended by Sir George and Lady Couper, and the Hon. Lady Augusta Bruce, arrivedur at Edinburgh shortly before four o'clock on Sa to resuan tni4atY at Newcastle , The distinguished party passed the of the Newcastle, and it is stated to be their intention le the journey to Abergeldie, the Highland re sidence Mr. Roebuck's h ccept theealti Duchess of Kent, on Tuesday morning. MR. ROEBUCK M h n v i lla s , .P.—W e are glad to learn that t o iu g i r i ea t t o ly t i h m e pr c o u v t e l d em as , tfoeeans feast.— MASTERS him to a Sheffield Independent. MASTERS EXTRAORDI of Parliament has just been IN CHANCERY.—An act chap. 78), abolishing mteluntrinted (16 and 17 Victoria, Chan cery, and giving them a nevertsitr xtraordivary in Administer Oaths in Chancery i : of E " Commissioners to land." THE NEW Aar ON TRANSPORTATnIg on Transportation will take effect "."--- The new Act on the Ist of Septem ber next. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 23, 185 3. SHERIFFS' COURT.-(THIS DAY.) (Before Mr. Fortesque.) MAYNARD V. ALLOM. The plaintiff in this action is an accountant, and de fendant is a surveyor, and the action was brought to re cover the sum of 71. 7s. 6d. the balance of an account for making out a balance-sheet for the defendant. De fendant paid sixpence into Court, and a set off of 71. 7s. as to the remainder, for services rendered as a surveyor. The plaintiff was examined, and proved that the work charged for was properly done, and that the charges made were according to the scale allowed by the Court of Bankruptcy. By Mr. W. R. Buchanan, for the defendant—The charges were at the rate of ss. per hour for himself, 16s. a day for his chief clerk, and 7s. a day for the copying clerk. He had not had the bill taxed. Mr. Buchanan then addressed the court for the de fendants, and contended that the defendants were most unreasonable, and as the bill had not been taxed, his Honour had the power to reduce it. He also put in a receipt for 61. lls., and contended that it was given in liquidation of the balance of the discount, although it professed to be given " on account," the balance being only 6d., as the bill for 71. 7s. was handed to plaintiff at the same time as an off-set of the sum of 13/. 18s. 6d., and not returned. The learned gentleman urged that the acceptanee of the defendant's bill was a recognition of the account. Defendant was examined, and proved that he had done the work, and swore that the charge was fair ; but a witness called considered 51. 55.. and 21. 2s. charged for bill of items ought to be included in the 51. ss. His Honour thereupon gave judgment for 2/. 2,11. be• sides the sixpence paid into court. COURT CIRCULAR. OSBORNE, AUG, 22. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and Princess Alice, attended by the ladies and gentlemen in waiting, went to Whippingham parish church yesterday morning, where the Rev. George Protheroe performed the service. Lord and Lady John Russell and family left town yesterday, for Roseneath, Dumbartonshire. Sir William and Lady Molesworth left town yester day, for Dublin. The Earl and Countess Granville left town yesterday. Lord Stanley of Alderley left town yesterday, for Dunkeld, on a visit to Lord Panmure. Dispatches were received at the Colonial-office ye ster day from the Governor-General of Canada, and frani the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands. DRURY LANE THEATRE. Last night, this theatre of vicissitudes was opened by Mr. .Tarrett for a short operatic season of 12 nights, in the hope, no doubt, that there is a sufficient number of people yet left in London at this season who are willing to support, at moderate prices, that description of mu sical entertainment which has of late become so popular with the public; and, judging from the reception the performances received, we have no reason to doubt that the experiment ,will be successful. The celebrated opera of Der Freischutz was chosen to initiate the specu lation, the executants being a troupe of German artists, who are about to proceed on a five months' tour in the provinces. It was the vehicle for the introduction of two singers entirely new to our stage. Madame Cara dori, who has appeared only at one or two concerts, took the part of Agatha. She is announced as the prima donna of La Scala at Milan and the Royal Opera at Vienna. She is a lady of large dimensions and portly figure, and is evidently past the youthful period, though in the prime of her voice and age. She has a powerful organ, with an extensive range, though its low and middle notes are the really expressive ones ; and when she does run into a tour de force, she is more powerful than pleasing. She has tenderness of expression and sweetness of utterance in her level tones, and in the famous scena, comprising so many emotions, she was most successful in the prayer, and the tender senti ments. She played with much effect all through, and in the finale came out with considerable dramatic effect, and was much applauded. The other danitant was Herr Reichardt, a young and vigorous man, with a firm fresh tenor, cultivated in'the best style. He is not of a commanding figure, and looked rather small by the side of Madame Caridori ; but he is well made, and has a handsome, expressive face. He sings with great nerve and feeling. He was throughout effective and characteristic ; and although he does not appear to possess one of those remarkable tenors that set a town and a nation in ectacy, yet, a. he is evidently very young, there is the promise of his ac quiring great excellence and reputation in his profession. Madame Zi mmerman, t h e personator of Ann, dis played the same sort of talent and the same sort of method, refi nemen t g i v i ng place to breadth, and femi nine simplicity to melodramatic elaboration. Formes, who is one of the troupe, sustained his old part of Cas par with no abatement of his former power. The chorus singers, who sang in English, were anything but exact ; and in the third act came to a dead stand-still. The band, conducted by Herr Anschutz, contains several in strumentalists of ability, and the playing does no dis credit to the undertaking. Nothing had been spent upon the mice en scene. The incantation in the Wolf's Glen was wonderfully ail orn of its ghostly terrors ; and the casting of the fourth, fifth, and sixth balls brought forth nothing but coloured smoke and divers gunpowdery smells. The house /, if not good in the practical sense of the term was .well filled ;- and the applause was vociferous from the begin ning to the end. At the close of the opera, after the prescriptive recalls had been made, the National An theni was sung both by principals and chorus. THE BRICKLAYERS' STRlKE.—Yesterday the brick layers, who have been out on strike three weeks, re turned to work at the New Palace at Westminster, the King's-cross, and London-bridge railway stations, their demand of 6d. per day wages having been guar anteed them. The plasterers and others at work at the Wellington Barracks, St. James's Park, yesterday struck for an advance of 6d. per day. NEW RAILWAY STATION.—We understaxd that it is the intention of the directors of the South eastern Railway Company to build a more commodious station at New-cross (North Kent). The present building is certainly inadequate for the business now transacted, and has not even accommodation which ought to be found even at the most insignificant village, which is the more to be wondered at, whEin it is remembered the very numerous and highly respectable buildings that have recently sprung up in this neighbourhood, which renders the traffic exceedingly remunerative. in connection with the new station, we understand that a coal depot is also to be opened.—Kentish Mer cury. SUSPECTED SUICIDE OF A TRADESMAN.—During the past few days the family and friends of Mr. Thomas Atkins, a gas-fitter, residing in Camden-street, Wal• worth, have been thrown into a state of the greatest alarm and anxiety by his sudden and mysterious disap pearance. On Friday morning last Mr. Atkins left home, as he stated, to go for a short walk, but not re turning during the day, a strict search was made for him, but without avail, until Sunday morning, when his body was discovered by some workmen floating in the Grand Surrey Canal, near Buck's-bridge. When he left home on Friday he appeared perfectly rational, and on the same evening was seen by a friend at Vauxhall-gar dens. The body was conveyed to the Lord Nelson Tavern, Camberwell, where an inquest will be held by Mr. W. Carter, the Coroner. GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION, REGENT-STREET,—Yes terday the enterprising proprietors of this gallery exhi bited for the first time a splendid "picture of St. Petersburg," the great feature of which is the Winter Palace, which is represented by night brilliantly illumi nated, as seen from the opposite bank of the Neva ; beyond are seen the Marble Palace, the Imperial Theatre, and in the rear are dimly shadowed the innumerable domes and spires of the various churches. In the im mediate foreground are seen a number of houses of fishermen on the Neva ; and on the river itself are re presented a variety of groups of people travelling in sledges, &c. The effect of the flickering lamps which light the banks at short distances is very cleverly car ried out, while the general tint of the frozen river almost made us imagine we felt cool. The enormous size of the Winter Palace is most artistically conveyed to the mind of the spectator. The exhibition of yesterday also in cluded the view of Constantinople, and the highly gra tifying and i n st ruc ti ve ser i es o f v i ews o f th e Ocean Mail, which, as works of art, are beautifully executed. THE NEW HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.—The front of this building, facing New Palace-yard, is nearly com pleted as far as the entrance of Westminster Hall. The apartments in this part of the building are to be Hppro priated to the use of the Speaker, and are on the founda tion on which formerly stood the Star Chamber. 'There is a court-yard within, leading to the cloisters, the most interesting, and almost the only, remains of St. Steplen's Chapel. In old Palace-yard, great progress has taken place in completing that portion of the great bungling. From the Victoria tower a facade is in course of erec tion to the entrance to the central hall, opposite -GVest minster Abbey, and where the members' entrance fto the House of Commons was before the commencement of the alterations consequent on the execution of the -works conected with the new palace. When completed, this facade will entirely hide from view the exterior of the House of Lords, as will the apartments of the Speaker in New Palace-yard hide the exterior of the new Rouse of Commons which runs parallel with Westminster-hall. , LATEST FOREIGN NEWS FRANCE. There is nothing of any importance in the ori ginal columns of the Paris journals of yesterday. Some of them have no leading article. The Con stitutionnel devotes again a large space to remarks in favour of Mortgage Banks, and the Pays has an article on the Councils-general, which presents no thing for extract or interest to the general reader. The AssemblesNationale publishes an article on the Russso-Turkish question, chiefly in reply to one in the Times on the same subject. It expresses sur prise at the delay of the Porte in giving in its ad hesion to the note proposed, especially when there is a unanimity of sentiment among the great powers with regard to it, but, says at the same time that they feel assured that not the slightest pretext for uneasiness remains. The fete of Napoleon was celebrated at Nice with beat eclat. A Te D eum was celebrated in the 'Church of St. Dominique, and in the evening the French consul, Barron de Maussion, gave a grand ball to the principal inhabitants. There was a dis play of fireworks given in the course of the evening. The Bourse, which opened heavily yesterday, improved towards the conclusion, and the Three per Cents., which were first called at 80f. 50c., rose to 80f. 65c., at which they closed for the end of the month, being a rise of 35c. as compared with the closing price of Saturday. The Four-and-a -Half per Cents. closed at 105 f. 15c.; Orleans Railway shares, 1,270 f. • Rouen, I,loof. ; Havre, 520 f.; Gr ea t Northern, 901 f. 25c. ; Paris and Strasburg, 990 f.; Paris and Lyons, 970 f. ; Lyons to the Mediter ranean, 8221. 50c. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 645 f.; Great Central, 560 f.; shares of the Bank of Credit Mobilier, 885 f. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. The Wanderer of Vienna of the 18th says : " Dispatches from Constantinople, in reply to the propositions of mediation, were expected to arrive on the 20th, but they will not arrive until the 23d, in consequence of the obstacles which exist in pas sing the mouth of the Sulina." A letter from Bucharest of the 10th, in the Press of Vienna, says :—" A great agitation prevailed' here lately amongst the Boyards, on the occasion of the Sultan's firman dismissing the Prince Hos podar, for having favourably received the Russian troops. On the 9th, this firman having been read in an Assembly of the Boyards, the latter requested the Prince not to abandon the Government in the present critical circumstances, and the Prince con sented to their request. M. Mans, the Secretary of State, and M. Yoandes, the Director of the Ministry of the Interior, were requested to proceed to Constan tinople, but as they have no confidence in the main tenance of tranquillity and order, they will not go. In consequence of this determination of the prince, the consul of France took down his flag, an d placed his countrymen under the protection of Greece. The consul of England declared to his countrymen that he could not protect them any longer, since the prince had resisted the orders of his sovereign ; he would, he said, ask for instructions. The scar city of provisions is so great in the fortresses of Bulgaria, that the troops suffer exceedingly. The Hospodar of Moldavia intends contracting a loan to meet extraordinary expenses. It is supposed that he will apply to the Russian banks." The Russian s dovernmenti;pTeparingfor another campaign against the tribes of the Caucasus. The operations will commence in the latter part of August. A flotilla is being armed in the Sea of Azof to support the movements of the army. AUSTRIA. The Emperor of Austria will proceed to the camp of Olmutz on the 15th September, and remain there for a week, immediately after which the Federal Military Commission will inspect the Austrian contingent. The invitation given by the French Government to send Austrian officers to the camp of Satory, has been followed by a polite reply, accompanied by a similar invitation for French officers to be present at the camp of Olmutz. Elizabeth Amelia Eugenia, Duchess of Bavaria, who has been affianced to the Emperor of Austria, was born on the 24th December, 1837. Her Royal Highness is the second daughter of .Maxi milian Joseph Duke of Bavaria, and of Ludovica Wilhelmina Princess of Bavaria ; she has three brothers arid four sisters. She is granddaughter of the late King Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria, cousin of the Emperor of Austria, and nearly re lated to the Queen of Prussia. The Administrative Council of the Kingdom of Poland has decreed the confiscation of the property of ten political refugees. In the number is Stan islaus Jurmand, condemned in 1847 to six years' imprisonment in the fortress of Zamosc. Jur mand succeeded in escaping, and fled to foreign countries. GERMANY. The Post Ampt Gazette of Frankfort has the following from Berlin, dated the 18th :—" It is certain that Baron de Manteuffel has offered his resignation to the King, but his Majesty has not accepted it." A letter from Frankfort of the 16th states that, notwithstanding the favourable harvest, corn is still rising in the market. Larger quantities of corn are being exported to the Rhine than for many years past ; the greater portion being for Holland. The Tribunal of Hanau (Electoral Hesse) has declared itself incompetent to entertain the accusa tion brought by the Public Prosecutor against the Presidents of the political Associations formed •to call on the Government to execute the Constitution of the Empire, and against the members of the commissions named to that effect. The King of Wurtembergg arrived at Munich on the 17th under the strictest incognito. The Provincial Diets of Saxony, Prussia, and Westphalia are convoked for the end of September. SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the 17th contains a circu lar addressed by the Minister of Public Works to the directors-general of his department, in whi c h he announces that the provisional concession of the railway from Barcelona to Tarragona is to be con sidered valid ; that that of the line from Martorell to Valls y Reus requires some documents to be pro duced and some formalities to be accomplished be fore it can receive the royal sanction ; that of the line from Xeres to Matagorda is declared valid, but that the Cortes are to decide (as also with respect to the other lines), whether materiel imported from abroad is to be exempt from duty; that the conces sion of the line from Mataro to Areno de Mor shall be put in conformity with the laws in vigour; and, that the provisional concession of the lines from Barcelona and Mataro, and from Barcelona to GTanollers are declared valid. The royal resolu tion relative to the Northern Railway is said to have afforded the greatest satisfaction in the pro vinces through which the line is to pass. The French Minister, the Marquis of Turgot, gave a grand dinner on the 15th, in honour of the fete of the Emperor Napoleon. It was attended by 32 personages of distinction—eighteen of whom were Spaniards—and the remainder belonged to the Corps Diplomatique. The only Spanish Minis ter present was General Lersundi, President of the Council, the others being in attendance on the Queen at La Granja. A letter states that the Mi nister of Interior has directed the prosecution com menced against the Novedades, the Epoca, the Clamor Public°, and the Nacion, to be abandoned, but against the Voice of the People, a socialist journal, which had attacked military discipline, is to be proceeded with. The Madrid journals give a long account of a visit, recently made by the Bishop of Urgel to the Republic of Andorre, which is in his dio cese, and of which, though a Republic, he is the sovereign prince. The Prelate was accom panied by a military detachment, and by a great number of persons on horseback. The firing of musketry took place as he proceeded. He was re ceived at the limits of the valley by all the autho rities, and a number of persons armed with mus kets and pistols, placed on an eminence, fired a salute. When silence was restored, the Chief Ma gistrate addressed him, and said that, though they recognised him as their Sovereign Prince, it was necessary that, before ent er i ng , h e s h ou ld take an oath to respect th e i r p riv il eges an d d e fend their neutrality. This the Bishop did, whereupon the Syndic and all the ma g i s t ra t es kissed the episcopal Prince ring. Enth us i as ti c cr i es o f " Long live the of Andorre !" were th en ra ised. More discharges formal as chanted of musketry t oo k pl ace , a nd a Te Deum w in the church. The Prelate then t ook pos session of the territory, and banquet followed, andn d a deed notifying that act was drawn up. A grand some pieces of money were pai d to him as tribute, but, after receiving them, he gave them to tthe poor. The Three [per Cents. w e2rei ; done the Debt at of h 4l; thet the New Three per Cents. at 3 first class at 10 7-16 ; and that of the second at 5 5-16. EXTRAORDINARY INCREASE OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC THROUGH THE GRAND NAVAL REVIEW AT PORTSMOUTH. —The receipts for the week of the South Western Company amounted to 25,1121., being 6,0001. more than that company had ever before realised in one week. The receipts corresponding for 1852, were 13,8221., and in 1851, 18,1351. The South Coast shows also a considerable increase ; the receipts for the week being 18,384/., the corresponding week in 1852 having been 12,8121. LIT ERATU.RE. Samuel Johnson •an Essay. By Thomas Car l Y le. Chapman and Hall. r e sts. As the seventh instalment of the popu lar t , of volumes issuing from the press through the der blishment of Messrs. Chapman and Ha ll, 1111 re- the title of Reading for Travellers, we b ar ` ,, a o g print of this delightful essay, originally a PP — tra. in 1832 in Fraser's Magazine. Scarcely any yeller but will welcome the sketch before us, P. o f culled with life-like touches by the eccentric haSy gen, cter' Thomas Carlyle. It is a sketch at once so 1 true, and so quaintly and fantastically ell,3 ra an y istic. It does more justice to poor Bozzy tn arl . ,, tan other of the numerous critics who have ever wj e " re.. on his great biographical masterpiece. It"bars cates in old phraseology enough " the grating thunder, or vehement shrew-mouthed squeak!Teea bywhich the advent of Mr. Croker's edition Ilan, v „i i heralded in the periodicals. Nevertheless, tn°ls it deprecates any very high eulogium upon it edition as altogether uncalled-for by its flier' if commends in comical terms the work's displajt not of religion and a devout Christian heart, which orthodoxy, and a cleanly shovel-hated look, is [the critic adds], as compared with flat NothiugL„, something very considerable." Notwithstann'?. which partial commendation of " Croker s _oi well's Johnson," we learn from Mr. Carlyl e f a vn ulty', f on in his essay that he regards the edition as 3 and that he does so thuswise— "lt is, that onr Editor has fatally, and almost ingly, mistaken the limits of an Editor's functiono;ns, so, instead of working on the margin with his P of elucidate as best might be, strikes boldly into the ! the page with his scissors, and there clips at discrell,u_tt Four books Mr. C. had by him wherefrom to gather T ut for the fifth, which was Boswell's. What does be d° • u to now, in the placidest manner,—slit the whole fivetlly slips and sew these together into a sextum quid, ex° oje his own convenience giving B os well the cred it C 4 whole ! B y what art-Magic, our readers ask, ha s he uni t them ? By the simplest of all : by brackets. Ne, ver o n fore was th e f u ll v i rtue of the bracket ma d e manifes"'i be begin a se n t ence un d er Boswell ' s guidance, think in gi:the carried happily through it by the same ; but no . . Sent middle, perhap s a ft er your sem i co l on, an d s ome cona e j l es for'—starts u p one o f t h ese b racket-l i ga t ure s, and 50. of , you in from h a lf a page to twenty or thirty Png es m ust Hawkins, Tye rs , Murphy Piozzi ; so that ofte n one w; make the old s ad reflection, Where we are w e kne whither we go no man knoweth." ;iv ids Mr. settled accounts thus summa -,.--, Mr. Croker, our essayist turns thereupon to wn i n . Corsican Boswell, Jam es B oswe ll, E sq ., of Aucable leck. Of this queer, p r yi ng, bi zarre , incompa r prince among biographers, we then have th „ll o us lowing masterly portraiture—being a al3l.lf profile of Bozzy in a sort of siouette fi over, "In that cocked nose, co p artly ked in , tri e in s r b ob li s ot g. his weaker fellow-cre a t ures , partly to snuff up the coming pleasure, and scent it from afar ; in those ca ched:, hanging like half-filled wine-skins, still a ble to tha t tain more ; in that coarse ly protruded shelf-mouth,4ity, fat dewlapped chin ; i n all this, who sees not sen, s " - that pretension, boisterous imbecility enough; mu ch „ o t could not have been orn amen t a l i n th e t em per of n y ), man's overfed great man ( w h a t th e S co t c h na me flu n l a tt though it had been more na t ura l th ere ? The unde r ''' . of Boswell's face is of a low, almost brutish character. of But Carlyle does justice to him, though he admit that there is one line of beauty in hi s ,• A ' nomy." Hear him s p ea k o f M r. Boswell's Li of Doctor Johnson ! He says—" That loos e-0 0 ing, careless-looki ng Work of his is as a P iet thje by one of Nature's own Artists ; the best pe ss , ate resemblance of a Reality ; like the very thereof in a clear mirror." Speaking °1 he Bozzy's " glaring mixture of the highest arm " lowest" in his temperament, Mr. Carlyle obseve'' rather grandly— of " What, indeed, is man's life generally but a kin-ore beast-godhead ; the god in us triumphing more :Ind u der over the beast ; striving more and more to subdue it 11 15 1 his feet ? Did not the A nc i en t s , i n th e i r w i se , peren nl r • significant way, fig ure na t ure it se lf , th e i r sacr ed o ds, Pan, as a portentous comm i ng li ng o f th ese t wo l in gdisco C as musical, humane, or acu l ar i n it s upper par t, yet en of below in the cloven hairy feet of a goat? The nnitl3,.,-e -melodious, celestial F reew ill an d R eason w ith foul . tionality and Lu s t ; i n w hi c h , nevert h eless, dwelt a l3ll s r terious unspeakable Fear and half-mad panic Awn; mortals there well might !" Admirably and nobly is it said afterwards of Bo h r t . - well's feeling, in reference to the great wa n , pen has delineated—" his f ee li ng was not Pt e i i phancy, which is the lowest, b u t R evere nce, rah is the highest, of human feelin gs ." A glimpse a:•,st of the true Hero-Worship f or w hi c h ou r essaJ i. has so wise and exalted an ad m i ra ti on . Be3ilt(l fully and touchingly is it then observed, in reg 3;, to the fugitiveness of things and th e eternising 1,1-: fluence in reference to some of th em, ex ercised 1 ' ; this marvellous Johnsoniad but "The Mitre Tavern still stands in Fleet-street : where now is its scot-and-lot paying , beef-and-ale I °_," . ;; cock-hatted, pot-bellied landlord ; its rosy faced assit ti landlady, with all her shining brass-pans, - waxed-ta.l well-filled. larder-shelves ; her cooks, bootjack?, tj kwa errs -1 boys, and watery-mouthed hangers-on G s 'on au e ! C 4 ft . The becking waiter, who, with wreathed smiles, was "-S a o, to spread for Samuel and Bozzy their supper of th has long since pocketed his last sixpenc_e ; and vannlie sixpences and all, lik e a g h ost at cock-cro enng : bottleshey they drank ou t o f are all broken, the chairs ,n ki s sat on all rotted and burnt ; the knives and fobs they ate with h ave rus t e d to the very art , and become 10 ", oxide of iron, and mingled with the indiscriminate All, all has vanish e d ; i n very d eed and truth baseless fabric of P ros p ero ' s air-vision. Of the Mitre Ta ve l nothingbut the bare walls remain there : of London , ;1 4 England; of the world, nothing but the bare w e i r remain ; and these also decaying (were they 01.3-3 ; mant), 'only slower. The mysterious river of Exi" e ,::,l rushes on : a new Billow thereof has arrived , but lashes wildly as ever round the old embankment o rs the former Billow with its loud mad edd i gs; w is it ?—Where ! Now this Book of Boswell's y , this /a n t e ; cisely a revocation of the edict of Destin so that e shall not utterly, not so soon by several y eenturies , dominion over us. A little row of Naphtha-light, dearly and holy through the dead Night of the r as , e ' they who are gone are still here ; though hidden theY revealed, though dead they yet speak. There it shin tg that little miraculously lamplit Pathway ; shedding ;it feebler and feebler twilight into the 'boundless " e ",, Oblivion,—for all that our Johnson touched has W 00; illuminated for us on w hi c h m i racu l ous l i tt l e Patbscs' we can still travel, and see wonders." Carlyle, later on, ad m i ra bl y ca ll s th e biograPil itself "thus our English Ody sse y," the 1j1Y5311 being, of course, no other than the great Saind, Johnson. And of Joh nson h e says, qu ite a$ , g , 5 mirably, that his was a mind " st a mp e d of Nat ,, noblest metal, though in so ungainly a What, again, can be better—what gentler, loftie,o or more touching than those allusions to Johnson marriage ? 11 04 " Johnson' s marr i age w i t h th e good Widow Porter ntlf been created with ridicule by many mortals whoa 03"—rey had no understanding thereof. That the pur-blind , se e „ - „jo faced Wildman, stalking lonely, woe-stricken, ilk ° a Irish Gallowglass with peeled club, whose speech ` linr r s d knew, whose look all men both laughed at and shd ue ":t at, should find any brave female heart to acknowleclgetb-ie first sight and hearing of him, ' This is the most s eysl e man I ever met with ' • and then, with generous c ou fot; to take him to itself l and say, Be thou mine • b e t 'atl warmed here and thawed t o lif e !—i n a ll this, t h e k widow's love and pity for him, in Johnson's love an Their titude, there is actually no ma tt er f or r idicule. zle wedded life, as is th e common l o t, was ma d e up of driz. l ; and dry weather ; but innocence and worth dwelt and when death had e n d e d it, a cer t a i n sacre dness : Huhn,lo son's deathless affection for his Tetty was always ye nell ' and noble." d fOr Eulogising the Docto r ' s sublime disregar— iron/ Fame, Mr. Carlyle obs erves , in a vein of quite his own : "Most authors speak of their `Fame' as if it ' ver e e e ly a quite priceless matter ; the grand ultimatum, and he' v c or Constantine's-Banner they had to follow, and e°n •ll it under.—Thy ` Fame !' Unhappy mortal, where NY ni l se a and thou both be in some fift years ? Shakspeare dent) has lasted but two hundred;; Homer (partly by se,,c i c i r cle three thousand : and does not already an Eternity ' n ver and hly every Me and every Thee? Cease, then, to sit ie hatching on that ' Fame' of thine ; and liarl' in i , g ; r hot shrieking with fierce hisses, like brood-goose en ' - ` - t w ith egg, if man shall or dare approach it ! Quarrel n ° „ s t of me, hate me not, my Brother : make what thou . 4. el 1., thy egg, and welcome : God knows, I will not steal believe it to be addle." The close of that, we take it, is absolutely de; licious—so, for the most part, too, i s the en tir essay—the intaglio to the cameo of Macaulay Turkey and Christendom. An Essay. Longln and Company. As the forty-seventh part of the Traveller s brary, published by Messrs. Longman and C° f pany, we find a timely reprint within the last e .„ days of a contribution taken (with additions) Wu; the Edinburgh. It could not possibly have ec att „ before the 4glish public once again more opP% timely. From its agreeable and sometimes e p ee e eloquent narrative the reader may glean abinadaei of valuable information. It depicts with rau pj a t i lucidity of style and perspicacity of arrangt - v ," the relations in regard to each other in whic h Th e long been placed—Turkey and Christendon i • Jer reviewer begins with the downfall and dis T e ll the ment of the old Byzantine empire, and brings e story of events gradually down to a period joiner diately contemporary to ourselves. The revi:riewde traces the rise of Ottoman power and its rapi—,:no velopment—and in defining the source of its (2 10 7 as and decay, takes occasion, of course, top inevitable its ulterior dissolution. Nev' toll the writer acknowledges himself baffled in the from jectures as to whether Turkey may disapp ear ea ts, the map of the world by diplomatic arrangeol by the force of conquest, by gradual absorptio9?,°:: by abrupt dismemberment. As throwing c on te rn rable light upon the obscurer phases of this Easte .o 7 o question, the essay here reprinted must preN 3 st doubt not to many intelligent readers, in the ILL -- sense of the phrase, acceptable. THE LIFE GC-ABM—The Life Guards are to baps : pistol served out to them, and the cuirass taken t w' as at present the carbine is useless , the men n Hess • able to put the butt-end with any er degree of tian ag ains t th e polished cuirass. Moreov, the cuirass ss hampers the freedom of the a rms that a sword arm I almost useless.