The Sun. — London, England, 1847-01-27 00:00:00

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'OD D iEO I "iet t f tbiS treet, to i de j, rer, P re' a anion Do I sienen . r. to 0 IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, Jan. 26. Their Lord ships met to• day at a Quarter before Four o'clock. ROYAL ASSENT. The Royal 'Ass,nt was given io•day by Commission to the Corn Importation Bill and the Navigation Laws Suspension Bill. The Lords Commissioners were the Lord Chancellor, Pie Earl of Shaftesbury, and Lord Campbell. Their Lordships then adjourned during pleasure. . The House resumed at Fire o'clock. STANDING ORDERS. The standing orders age. ed to on Stturday last, on the motion of Lord Buoucitaiu, were this dij brought UP, and the amendments agreed to. TIDAL IIA.RBOURs COMMISSION. Lord AUCKLAND brought up the report of the Tidal llarbours C, Aft uission, which was ordered to be laid upon the table, The House then adjourned till Thursday. HOUSE OF COMMOI VS, Jan. 26. The SPEAKER took the Chair at a Quarter to Four. ROYAL COMMISSION. Sir A. CLIFFORD, Usher of the Black Rod, summoned the Rouse to the bar of the House of Lords to hear the 1-0 .3'41 Assent given by Commission to several Bills, for Which see Lord.' report. LIVERPOOL GAS WORKS. This Bill was, on the motion of Sir 11. DOUGLAS, read a second time. P ORTSMOUTH PAVING, LIGHTING, &c., IM- PROVEMENT ACT. This Bill was also read a second time. LAW OF SETTLEMENT. Sir C. DOUGLAS presented a petition from Leeds Praying for the amendmeut or repeal of the law of settlement. LIGHTHOUSES. Mr. MORRIS presented a petition from Carmarthen, ra3 ins the Government to act on the report of the üblic Committee, by taking the management of light= houses in their own hands. LAW OF ARREST (SCOTLAND). Mr. T. DUNCOMBE presented a petition from Glasgow, praying the House' to amt rid the Act of 1845 . , as regarded the arrestment of wages, inasmuch as it was found quite inoperative in the recovery of small debts. LIMITATION OF TIIE HOURS OF LABOUR. • Mr. MACAULAY presented a petition from Edin• burgh (as we understood) praying for an abridgment of the hours of labour. CONTROVERTED ELECTIONS. Tht members of the General Committee on Contra. Twied Elections were called to the table and sworn. • CORPORAL PUNISHMENT. FIUDIE pave notice of his intention to move, on It future day, for returns with respect to the infliction of corporal punishment in the army, and the different stations at which the punishment was inflicted. IRISH WORKHOUSES. Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN gave notice that upon an early day he would move for several returns relative to the present position of the workhouses in Ireland. THE NAVIGATION LAWS. Mr. RICARDO said it was his intention to postpone the motion of which he had given notice, for the ap pointment of a Committee to inquire into the subject of the navigation laws, until Thursday next. GOVERNMENT MEASURES FOR IRELAND. Mr. ROEBUCK gave notice that on Tuesday next, it was his intention to ask a question of the Noble Lord rat the head of her Majesty's Government, as to ..,the probable cost of carrying out the measures proposed 1 ?) , her Majesty's Government for the relief of the di, 'tress at present existing in Ireland. TENURE OF LAND (IRELAND). Mr. SHARMAN CRAWFORD gave notice that on n early day he would move for some returns respecting the improvement of the existing relations between land lord and tenant, and also with reference to the present stem of the tenure of land in that country. PUBLIC REVENUE. Dr. BOWRING gave notice that, in a fortnight, it a his intention to submit a proposition to the House, 'having for it s o bj ec t th e b e tter security of the public ,revenue and improving the mode of keeping the public accounts. COLONY OF HONG-KONG. The 'ION. MEMBER also moved for a return of the prders, ordinances, or other official documents which have been issu e d b y the Br i tish aut h or i t i es i n Chi na f or regu lating) the trade thereof. Also, accounts of the receipts and disb ursemesra of the colony of Hong- K ong (i n conti nuation.. of th e l as t P er i imentar y re t urns ), made up to Th _latest period at whi c h th e y can be furnished. The motion was agreed to. THE NAVY. e S e it' C. NAPIER wished to ask the question of the etary of the Admiralty of which he had given notice yesterday.iec He saw by the newspapers that there were and ntzutehigeshet ships of the line at Lisbon doing nothing, whether sail of the line elsewhere; he wished to know corn, or were to be employed in carrying lej u p o n any other important service? G ov ' "'tip said that the question rather affected the _!3rnm ent personally than the Admiralty, for no but iVlication whatever had been made to the Admiralty ; .. I _ lt _he might state, on behalf of the Government, that, to d,OOO or 4,000 tons of shipping had been appropriated the purpose of carryin corn, there was no necessity ?r the alteration of the l aw in this instance. CONVICTS FOR TRANSPORTATION. ~,, BANKES wished to ask the two questions of Which he had given notice. He had learned that letters ". ot been i ssue d from the Home-office to the magistrates aquarter sessions in England and Wales, requiring them to provide for the convicts who had been truns erted. T he question he wished to ask was, whether the reasons fur this p roceeding would be laid before the lio use. Sir G. GREY said that such letters had been issued, a nd he hoped shortly to lay the whole of the pro eellings on the table of the House respecting them. r consequence of the resolution to refrain from tran s porting convicts to Van Diemasee Land, it had been found necessary to use all the spare accommodation of the gaols in this country, and be intended at an early period to introduce a Bill on the subject. JUVENILE OFFENDERS. 11r. GEO. BANKE4 wished to ask the Right Hon. Secretary for the Home Department a question with relation to the disposal of juvenile offenders. He Wished to ask if the Government had formed any plan for amending the mode of conducting the proceedings with regard to juvenile offenders, as well previous to the time of the trial as afterwards, and whether they had taken any measure for awarding punishment, in the case of conviction, suited to their crimes, and not liable to influence their moral condition prejudicially ? Sir G. GREY said he did not know if he understood the question put by his Hon. Friend to relate to sum mary convictions, or whether his suggestion was made solely with regard to them. Mr. BANKES.—No; I spoke generally. Sir G. GREY said on that subject he had no definite plans to propose to the House. With reference to tke disposal of juvenile offenders prior to conviction or impri sonment, the information required by the lion. Member Would be given in the papers which he proposed shortly to lay on the table of the House. THE GLASS TRADE. Mr. MUNTZ, in pursuance of notice given, moved for a return of the amount of foreign glass annually im ported and exported into and from the ports of England. SUGAR DUTIES. Mr. MILES said, that seeing the Right Hon. Gentle man the Chancellor of the Exchequer in his place. he wished to ask a question relative to the 13111 for allowing sugar to be used in distilleries. An Hon. Gentleman the other night had moved for a Select Committee to inquire into the probable effect of the new Sugar Bill on the revenue of the country. He wished to ask if the Go vernment intended to allow that Committee? He (Mr. Miles) had asked the Right Hon. Gentleman privately, that morning, a question relative to the equalization of the rum duties; he wished now to know if a Select Com mittee would sit upon that Bill after the second reading, following the prececent established relative to the Bill proposed in reference to bonded ei.rn? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, who Was very indistinctly heard, said that he had communi cated with his Right Hon. Friend at the head of the Go 'eminent, and he did not think it expedient to appoint a Committee, as it would cause unnecessary dt lay, although he did not attribute any such motive to his lion. Friend. His would undertake to lay upon the table of the House on Thursday next a report from the Beard of Excise relative to the use of sugar, malt, and molasses, IRISH DISTRESS. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 27, IM7. to the subject at the close of the last session, but, in conse quence ce their having so recently come into office, they were not able to give the subject that attention which it would require. The Government had since taken the subject into their consideration, arid the result Of their delinerations had been to recommend to the Helve to abolish the charges at once and for ever. Besides, the unequal mode in which the charges were made, it was also more that. usually necessery to abolish those charges when it was considered the high prices of provisions at the present time ; and although those pensions appeared to be of a small amount to Hon. Members, still it was something considerable to the pensioners themselves.--(Hear, hear.) Captain LAY ARD euld belie his feelings if he did not give exitre-sion to his satisfaction now that the Go vernment had taken the subject into their consideration and resolved that the gallant and, in most cases, worn out warriors of this country should reeeive the full re ward of their toil, and he was glad that the promise made to him by the Government at the latter end of the last session had been fulfilled. Sir DE LACY EVANS—It had been said that this proposal was just and fair. Ho did not know whether it was just and fair, but he was quite sure that the pro ceedings of the former Governments was a shameful violation of the rights of these poor old veterans. At the ' same time he was highly delighted that the Government had now taken this matter into consideration. Sir H. DOUGLAS also expressed his high satisfac tion at this movement on the part of the Government. TEN HOURS' BILL. Mr. FIELDEN presented several petitions in favour of this Bin, which were ordered to lie on the table. The Hoe. MEMBER then rose to move for leave to bring in his Bill for reducing the labour in factories to ten hours a day. The lion. Member went on to quote a number of authorities, medical and otherwise, in proof of the injurious effects of the present factory system, and the necessity of u change. We could only gather the purport of the speech from an occasional word or two, but the details of the Hon. Gentleman's address were perfectly inaudible in the gallery. Sir G EORGE GREY said the Bill, which was at present sought to be introduced, and of which the Hon. Member had obligingly furnished him with a draft, was nearly the same as that which was intro duced last session by Lord Ashley, still there were some additional causes which would deserve the consideration of the House. The first of these re ferral e. the case of young persons, from the ages of thirteen to twenty, and it was proposed to reduce their hours of labour from 12 to 11. The second clause pro posed to enact a maximum of 10 hours in certain cases, and the third was for the purpose of placing some wholesome restriction on the labour of young persons. It was his intention to assent to the introduction of the Bill without eiocu•s'on, which m , ght be taken on the principle or the 13.11 in an after .tage. He thought it right to guard himself against the supposition that he coincided in the inferences which the Honourable Member for Oldham drew from a document which had been published in September last, and which was well worthy the attention of the House. The Honourable Member seemed to infer from that document that a great increase of mortality had occurred in the factory districts. He did not thiek that the returns of mortality from those districts showed a greater amount of deaths than what occurred in Liver pool and other large cities where few or no manu factories were carried on. He should not, however, detain the House, as an after opportunity would be given for discussing the question. Mr. TRELA.WNEY, while he admitted the evil which existed, still he did not think it right not to protest against a measure which would militate so much against the interests of commerce without being advantageous to any class. If they legislate for those employed in factories, they should also take into consideration the hundred thousand female servants of London, who were most se verely used by their masters and mistresses Thellon.Mem ber beside him said they had not petitioned,but he (Mr. Trelawny) censidered that it was the duty of that House to remedy a grievance whether it waspetitioned against or not, He thou .iht that the adoption of the present measnre would lead to a reduction of the rate of wages; persons employed in factories would be thrown out ofemploy men!. and thereby increase the amount of competition in the other branches of labour. In his opinion the principles of non-interference were those which should be adopted by the State, and the adoption of any other principle would lead only to great harm and inextricable confusion They were now undoing their work. They were again raising the barriers which had been broken down. He had warned the House of this last session, but his words had been wasted. He should, however, oppose this motion, and trusted the House would reject the measure. A . t least to a certainty he should divid e the House upon it. Mr. FERRAND said, that year after year the work ing people had come to that House to beg for protection for their wives and children. It was said that this should be done to prevent the strike, but he would tell the House that the working men of this country came to the House, and on their bonded knees begged for this protection of their wives and daughters. And if the Hon. Member had an objection to a strike, working men desired to obtain this pro tection without a strike. He was glad to see that this measure was at last likely to receive something like support from the Government. At least, so he learned from the speech of the Hon. Member for Sheffield (Mr. Ward) delivered at that place the other' day ; and he would tell the Noble Lord at the bead of the Government, that if they did give this measure any support, he could rally rotted him such a support as nn Miuist , r had before received from the masses of the people, while, it it were refused. tnere would be such a spirit raised in the north of England, as it would take much trouble to allay. He trusted the .House would do justice to the people of England, and pass the motion of the Hon Member for oldham without a division. S. G. STRICKLAND could not sufficiently express the satisfaction which he felt at bearing that ti is mea sure was likely to receive any support f:om Government. At the same time he believed that the Ten Hours Bill for young persons was the right measure that should be adopted by the Legislature. He could not possibly conceive why any young person should work in a close atmosphere, against the continuous power of steam, for two hours it day more than the labourer of agriculture—a labour, the most healthy in which human labour could be employed. The only,argurnen's he had heard that everting against the interference of the Legislature on this most important subject, were the arguments of those persons who called themselves political eoonomists. He for one did not cry out against political economy. by which a sound reason could be given for what was done by the Legislature or the Government. Ha spoke of that political economy which would-never listen to reason on' this subject., which carried its doctrine to such an extreme , that it could not be applied to the simplest thing. To illustrate this, he would refer to the argument made use of by the lion. Member for Corn well that the:House ought not to interfere with the labour of young persons working in factories, because it did not interfere with the male servants in the city of London. He ci mid not conceive the cases so utterly dissimilar, an I how the same measures or means could be applied to the two cases he could not comprehend. They had applied for the interference of the Legislature in the cases of young persons who could not protect themselves. In the case of the male servants, they had certain bar pins with their masters ; but in the case of the factory labourers, no such barjaiti could be made, in conse quence of the rule of political economy. The customs established by the capital employed overwhelmed them. He would most certainly cordially support the motion of the Hon. Member. Sir It. PEEL (who was indistinctly heard) said that he had heard what had been said on the subject by the Hon. Member fur Tavi,tock. With regard to the opinion he (Sir H. Peel) had heretofore expressed, he retained it still ; and the House would not think him in different to the interests ot those employed in factory is hour if he opposed the measure, for he did so because he firmly believed that the passing ot the Bill would not tend to their benefit.— (Cheers.) When he was at the head of her Majesty's Government last year, they had postponed entering upon the discussion for the same reasons that he now stated. If the House should come to a decision adverse to the wishes of those favourable to this measure, it was desirable that it should be done with as kindly a disposition and manner as possible.— (Hear, bear.) Mr. HUME was anxious that the subject should re ceive the fullest and fairest investigation. He enter tained the strongest conviction from the evidence that had been given before a Committee of that House on the subject. 'the House had acted upon the principle that labour should be allowed to regulate itself, and had in consequence swept away several statutes on the ques tion. This had not been done, however, until after several discussions, and he trusted that the Right Hon. Bart. would not oppose the present di-cussion. He (Mr. Hume) was of opinion that the plan now proposed would not effect any good, but still be would wish that the subject should receive, as he had already said, the fullest., the fairest, and the mos t dis p assionate discussion. Mr. B. ESCOTT said he did not wish to say any thing upon the merits of t he question, but he thought it would be strictly improper to o pp ose the Bill at present. Mr. MUNTZ said factory labour was an exception to the general rule, and required legislation upon it. Any one who had been in a cotton factory would be able to judge if it were net so. He had himse It gone to Man chester a few weeks ago to make inquiri es into the con condition bf the factory operatives there, and he found that all the improvements making were in favour of the masters, and against the men. Considering the heated atmosphere of the mills, the long hours of labour, and the age of many of th o se therein engaged, he considered the present Bill to be necessary. Mr. B. ESCOTT rose, amidst loud cries of " Order," to repeat the question he had asked before. He would ask the N. Lord at the head of the Government what were the future intentions of her Majesty's Ministers in regard to this Bid ? • Lord J. ItUStELL replied that it had been agreed t.ihtsathiloe.xaltivesi,3, read a firstuli t g o e h bit e t thewgino,b t Bill should be given, and that it s eimpe.replaSilthdent.ohestti,,ll whatcamei to e tut-nth-et ttdo in regard to the measure.—(Hear.) E Leave was s t u he G n A gi l v t en a t x o p hri li ng o i r if A th s e s ßt t l i l. Mr HUME s .id, in con sequence o f the ehace to layllor of the Exchequer hae ing intimat e d hi s intentionn Certain papers on the table, u n Th urs d ay next, respect ing the use of sugar and molasses i n breweries atte dis• tilleries, he would postpone the motion, of which he had given notice, till atter that time. NATIONAL GALLERY. Mr. P. SCROPE said that there was one point which he did not quite understand in the statement of the Noble Lord, it was relative to the system for increased relief for the poor of Ireland. He wished to know whether there was any security that effectual relief should be afforded, or whether the board of guardians would -be at liberty to set the law at nought, as was the . case - with the Castlebar board at the present moment, and to refuse relief to the destitute. His question was, whether there was a right to enforce relief in all cases ofdestitution ? His sec o nd quest i on was, whether this law was to be accompanied with any Act for the preven tion.of mendicancy in Ireland 2—(llear, hear.) Lord JOHN RUSSELL —With regard to the first question proposed by the Hon. Gentleman, namely, as to affording out-door relief to thole who were unable to work through age or permanent infirmity, that was• intended by the measure contemplatea by the Government. It was proposed to afford that class relief. Another question arose as to the enforcement of that relief, and he believed that it would be necessary to introduce some clauses for that Purpos e . With respect to the last question —as to the sppression of vagrancy—it was a most imp vent matter, ut there was no Bill at present prepared with re gard to it. ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE. The N O BL E L OR D then moved,l as there was no business of importance to be transacted to-morrow, that the House at its rising do adjourn till Thursday.— Agreed ta. ABOLITION OF POUNDAGE ON CHELSEA . Mr. FOX MAULE PENSIONERS moved for leave to bring in a Bill to abolish poundage on Chelsea pensioners. These pen ;ions h a d b een granted for lone service i n t h e arm y, a nd .or wound s i ncurre d i n the service of t h e coun try, and had begun beg t u h old system, ne tobeacharge on the revenue 100 years ago. a long time intervened before the Pensioner could withdraw anything in reward of his past services, and the result was, he found at his elbow nume rous money-lend e r s rea d y to take advantage o f 1 "s position. Government, therefore, felt it to be absolutely n e c essary to i nterfere and chec k the abuse. After that interference the pensioner Wits Paid s ix months in advance, hut a charge of 51. per cent. was made of, the Hin.tunt In the navy, there was no charge made, but this was a matter not of so much im portance, though, nevertheless, the ' law was applied to the WM. The atteatiou of the Gorecnsent had been celled Mr. HUME moved an address for a copy of the mi nutes of the trustees of the National Gallery during the years 1845 and 1846, with the names of all the trus let's resent at each meeting ; also, for copies of the orders and in*truct i iins to :he keeper of the gal lery rep et . ing the cleaning of the pictures, and any directions in respect to their arrangement. All he wished to know was, whether the trustees directed the improvements complained of to be made, I ain what way, sad by ',bole Fla thought this !ma ~_ the most advisable course to adopt until the promised documents were before the House. Sir R. PEEL said, as he was, one of the trustees of the National Gallery, he had no objection to second the motion. The House of Commons had behaved very liberally to the National Gallery, and therefore he thought the Hon. Gentleman had acted very properly in not making. any comments upon what had taken place. The trustees had called on the gentleman to whom reference had been made, to furnifh a full report of what bad been done. lie trusted the House in cons►dera tion of the high character of the president of the gallery, Sir C. Eastlake, would suspend its judgment until they were in possession of the documents refered to. They would be furnished in a few days. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said the Government were anxious to afford the fullest informa tion. LAW OF SETTLEMENT. On the motion of Sir GEORGE GREY, the following Committee, after some discussion, was nominated on the Law of Settlement :—Mr. Charles Buller, Sir James Graham, Mr. Bankes, Mr. John Evelyn Denison, Sir George Grey, Mr. Thomas Duncombe, Lord Harry Vane, Mr. Poulett Scrope, Mr. William Miles, Mr. Charles Villiers, Mr. Borthwick, Mr. Charles Round, Mr. Aldam, and Mr. Bodkin. FACTORIES BILL. Mr. FIELDEN then brought in his Bill, which was read a first, and ordered to be read a second time on to morrow fortnight. BUCKWHEAT, Ste., IMPORTATION BILL. On the motion of Lord J. RUSSELL this Bill was read a second time. The Noble Lord said that the Government had, by an order in council, at once ad tnitted the importation of buckwheat without waiting for the delay consequent upon the Bill passing through all its stages. The House then adjourned shortly after half-past six o'clock, to Thursday next. PARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS. From the Votes and Froeeedincs of the Rouse of Commons.) MONDAY, JAN. 25. The following petitions for Railway were presented, and the Bills ordered to be brought in : London, Brighton, and South Coast (Extension to London• bridge). London-bridge Termini General Englargement. London, Brighton, and South Coast (London -bridge Station Enlargement and Arrangement). Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding Junction (Burnley . _ . . and Colliery Branches). Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland (Newcastle, Anniskinnan, and Baltrasna Deviations). London, Oxford, and Cheltenham Railway and Branches. Windsor Railway. Wilts, Somerset; and Weymouth (No. I—Bruton, Pitcombe, and Rodden and Bradford Deviations). East Lincolnshire (Deviation at Boston and Branch to Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway at Grimsby). East Lincolnshire (Branch from Louth to Lincoln). Manchester. She ffi eld, and Lincolnshire (She ffi eld Canal Purchase). Glasgow, Barrhead, and Neilaton Direct Railway. Glasgow, Barrhead, and Neilston Direct, and Glasgow Southern Terminal Railways Amalgamation. Scottish Midland Junction (Amendment and Branch to Laurencekirk). Caledonian and Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railways Amalgamation. The following Railway Bills were presented, read * alle time, and ordered to be read a second time : Rochdale Canal (Sale to the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company). Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Supply of Surplus Water to Manchester, Salford, and Stockport). Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Junction with the otidland eM Barnsley - , and Branches therefrom). Mancheiter, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Branch to Chapel town and Thurgoland Coal Branch). Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Branch from Ash ton-under-Lyne to Oldham). Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Branch at Bugs worth to join the Peak Forest Canal Tramway, and Amendment of Acts). Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Station Approach in Manchester). Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Aston Canal Put , chase). Leeds Central Railway Station. Yeovil, Bridport, and Exeter, with Branches. llartlepool and Stockton Junction. London and North-Western (St. Alban's, Luton, and Dun stable Branch). London and North-Western (Newport Pagnel l Olney, and Wellingborough Branch). Shropshire Union Railways and Canal (Lease to the London and North-Western Railway Company). Norfolk (Branch from Thetford to join the Ipswich and Bury St. Edmund's Railway near Bury St. Edmund's). Norfolk (Branch from Wymondham to the Norwich Eaten , sion of the Ipswich and Bury St. Edmund's Railway, and the proposed Thetford and R-edham Railway, near Liss). CONTROVERTED ELECTIONS. The following Hon. Members have claimed exemption ' from serving on Election Committees, being upwards of sixty years of age :—William Astell, Colonel Baillie, Walter Baine, John Benett, J. Ireland Blackburn% William Brown, Sir Charles M. Aurrall, Aaron Chapman, Edward Connolly, William Sharman Crawford, William Joseph Denison, Sir Howard Douglas, Edward Ellice, Sir William Feilden, John Fielt:en, Augustus Eliott Fuller, William Ormsby Gore, John Hardy, John Heathcoat, Sir John Hope, Kedgwin Hoskins, Joseph Ilume, Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Sir Charles Knight ley, William Gore Langton, Sir Charles Lemon, James Loch, lqajor Macnamara, Lord Charles Manners, Stewart Marjori banks, Sir Charles Napier, Cornelius O'Brien, William Ord, James Oswald, George Palmer, James Pattison, Edward William Wynne Pendarves, John Phillpotts, John Round, Thomas Sheppard, Sir Henry Smyth, Sir George T. Staun ton, Sir George Strickland, Sir Frederick W. Trench, Richard Walker, Edmond Wodehouse, Colonel Wood, and Charles Watkin Williams Wynn. NOTICES GIVEN Al' rtiE YtcIVATE BILL-OFFICE. The following Railway Bills are appointed to be read a second time on Friday, Jan. 29 : Ipswich and Bury St. Edmund's (No. I—Yarmouth Ex tension). Dundalk and Enniskillen. Great Western (Branches to 'join the West London, Ham mersmith, &c.) Great Western (Berke and Hants Amendment and Branches). Great Western ( Branches to Egham, Staines, &c. ). Lowestoft Railway , and Harbour (Alteration at Reedham). South-Eastern (Mid Kent and Direct Tunbridge). South-Eastern (Croydon and Bromley Branches). South-Eastern (Maidstone to Chart). ScutEasern ((NStorrotahlKteontl and aidstone) South-Eastern Bricklayers' South-Eastern (North Kent Lin e ). Arms Junction). North Staffordshire (Alterations and Branches). North Staffordshire (Churnet Valley and Trent Valley Junction). Llynvi Valley Extension. Direct London and Portsmouth: Bristol and Exeter (Taunton and Castle Carey Branch). Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock, and Ayr (No. 2). Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, and Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock, and Ayr (No. 4). Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire (Station at Sheffield and Branch to the Sheffield Canal). Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction (Deviation of Main Line, Sec.). Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, and Chester and Birkenhead Railways Amalgamation. Blackburn, Darwen, and Bolton Acts Amendment (Diver sions of Line in the parishes of Blackburn and Bolton-in the Moors). PETITIONS ON PRIVATE BILLS. HOUSE OF COMMONS. (Room 22, before Mr. Examiner SMITH and Mr. Assistant- Examiner FIIIRE.) UNOPPOSED LIST. In the following cases the Standing Orders were complied with : Bristol and South Wales Junction Railway and Aust Ferry Shipley Gas-light Company. Bristol and Clifton Oil-Gas Company. Manchester and Lincoln Union Railway Deviation Clerkenwell Improvement. Lynn and Ely Railway Extension to Bury St. Edmonds. GLASGOW, KILMARNOCK. AND ARDROSSAIN RAILWAY. This case was resumed, and occupied the Examiner during the remainder of the day. (Room 23, before Mr. Examiner MAT and Mr. Assistant- Examiner GusNELL.) 17N01.1'05ED LIST. The following petitions being unopposed, the customary formal proofs were put in, and the Standing Orders complied with Chard Canal and Railway Company. Extension mati wit o i f i Railway B lwa); id fr g o e m wa l t l e m r inasntderTtoanCnhtaern Canal, Chard, maanld grtStolford Railway and Harbour Company. Whathiale Railway Act Amendment, Skipton and Copley Hall Deviations. Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and Stour Valley Railway (No. I ), Southwick Deviation, proposed alteration of the line, with powers Bthi o re f mß s i u ni b rgin s h c ia r n i mg p t ic ! a o om n in b c :it nn ki i, o no n md d op o ta n nA a n ym, d aa N nl gd o a r mt t h h ae - t W isohn e r s we t w e i r ts n h. C bu om ry p a a u n d y, the London and North-Western Company. Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne Junc tion Railway Acts Amendment. Railway from the East Lancashire Railway, near Burnley, to join the Burnley Branch of the Blanchester and Leeds Railway, with power to sell or lease to the East Lancashire Railway Company, or to the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company. ADJOURNED CASE. BRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAY EXTENSION COMPANY (CREDITON AND LAUNCES TON). This case was resumed, and in the end the standing orders were found out to have been complied with. OrrOSID LIST. In the following case the customary formal proofs were completed. NORTH BRITISH RAILWAY.—(No. 1.) Increase of capital, and enlargement and amendment of Acts, Junction with Leith Branch of the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway, Extension of Haddington and Kelso Branches, Deviations of Hawick and Kelso Branches, Alte rations of Leith Branch of the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway, and Amendment of the Acts relating thereto, and Purchase of additional property and formation of Branches adjacent to the terminus at Edinburgh The petition was opposed by several memorialists, includ dasetneiranand Carlisle, the Maryport and Carlisle, Company. Two allegations, impugning o e u f rn ti e le d the correctness of the and the ed casethe accuracy waa aadjourned includ ing; n t s t ti , o ll le w r re L a nc aster eenot sustaine d, STANDING ORDERS COMMITTEE. The Committee to whom are referred the petitions against the Bills that the Examiners have reported not to hare com plied with the standing orders met at one o'clock. READING, GUILDFORD, AND REIGATE RAILWAY. GLASGOW, DUMFRIES, AN!) CARLISLE, AND GLASGOW, PAISLEY, KILMARNOCK, AND AYR RAILWAY (No. 2). In each of these cases the standing orders were allowed to be dispensed with. GLASGOW, PAISLEY, AND KILMARNOCK RAIL WAY, AND AYRSHIRE AND BRIDGE OF WEIR RAILWAY (No. 3.). The parties were allowed to proceed in this case. The Committee then adjourned. • LITERATURE. THE WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. XCI. Already in another portion of The Sun we have shown the fallacy of the political article in this Review relating to the Spanish marriages. We have shown that the writer has based his reasoning upon a misinter pretation or rather upon a misconception of the course pursued by the English Government in reference to the nefarious proceedings of the French cabinet in the Peninsula.. Any .further refutation of the arguments contained in that contribution would consequently be superfluous. It were, moreover, unnecessary to insist upon facts which are now notorious, namely, the devious and ungenerous policy of King Louis Philippe in award ing husbands to Queen Isabella and her sister the In fanta Louisa, the discourteous juggling practised at the interview in the Chateau d'Eu, the bold and admirable conduct of Mr. l3ulwer the British Minister at Madrid, the decisive remonstrances given to M. Guisot by the Marquis of Normanby, the British Minister at Paris, and the shuffling explanation tendered in documents by the former to the Chamber of Deputies. As a key to the distinct and candid behaviour of England in this transaction, it must never be forgotten that the policy astronomy clever of Lord Palmerston has therein been identical with the policy of his predecessor the Earl of Aberdeen. In a nci an d of the Telescope," the rtcent discoveries in sagacious article styled a Revelations the discoveries effected through the colossal t e le sco p e o f L ord R osse are a d m i ra bly com memorated. And th e exce ll ence o f thi s ve ry beautiful paper is not merely restricted to an enumeration of the achievements of modern astronomers—it takes a corn prehensive and succinct view of the origin, progress, and development of that most sublime science. The writer glances back even as rem tely as the Chaldeans, the Egyptians, the Chinese, and the Indians. lie re• lates the establishment of the philosophical doctrines of Aristotle, to the effect that the heavens were an incor ruptible concave. He records the appearance of the great theory of Pythagoras, that the earth was a vagrant orb revolving round the sun, and the appearance of Ptolemy, whereby the mind of man retrograded to the old blundering notion that the earth was motionless. The resuscitation of the Pythagorean scheme of the celestial world by Copernicus, in the sixth century, is then mentioned, and also the opposition given to the Copernican hypothesis by Tycho Brahe. We are glad to observe the enthusiasm with which the illustrious philosopher Kepler is afterwards named, hut we are amazed to see the revival of the foolish fable of the persecutions of the Inquisition when alluding to the advent and deeds of Ga!:1. o. Does the reviewer, while speaking of " the ignorant bigotry" of those times, forget that the great work of Copernicus De Revolutionibus war published under the patronage of Pope Paul 111., and that the expenses of its publication were liquidated by the Bishop of Eremeland ? In - commemorating the intellectual victories obtained by our glorious country man, Sir Isaac Newton, the writer evinces his capability of appreciating the benefits conferred upon mankind by this extraordinary man, and the vast additiocs which his one mind made to the accumulating treasures of human knowledge. Since the remarkable career of flerschell, no such startling step has been taken for the fathoming of the infinite depths of creation as the con struction of the great telescope in Ireland, under the direction of Lord Bosse—a - nobleman whom thereviewer ne elegantly styles an emulator o f Ty c h o B rahe. From the aL: supposition, ie o f astonishing circumstanc es connect ed w i th the discovery of the orplanet of a by M. Verrr—" n or ot o the i the result chance w in creased power of our telescopes, but of the unaided power of profound thought, and of abstract mathema tical reasoning"—we transcribe the following brief but sufficient memorial from the pages of the Westminster Review : " The irregularities of the orbit of Uranus having been for a long period a difficulty to astronomers, induced M. Le Ver rier to a more close examination of that planet's motions, and he found, that of the whole amount of irregularity in its path, or of its perturbations, only a comparatively small part could be accounted for by the attraction of any known forces. Upon examining, too, tables which had been constructed of the orbit of Uranus, he found that they in no way agreed with the latest observations. These discrepancies he con ceived might be either due to want of precision in theory, or want of exactness in observations ; or Uranus might be sub ject to other attractions than those of the sun, Jupiter, and Saturn; and he resolved to endeavour to determine the cause of these perturbations. Finding so much inaccuracy in the data and calculations on which the previous tables of the orbit planet's 1, were founded, he set himself to the laborious task of investigating and calculating everything afresh, with the utmost rigour, and, after much perseverance, he deter mined with great nicety the amount of perturbation in the orbit of Uranus due to the attraction of Jupiter and Saturn. With these corrected data before him, he proceeded to com pare the calculated path of the planet with its actually ob served positions • and he came to the conclusion, not merely that there was difficulty and discrepancy in the comparison, but that, on grounds of the strictest geometrical reasoning, none of those known forces were adequate to produce the observed irregularities of the planet's course. Several ways had been already suggested of getting rid of the difficulty— the resistance of the ether—a vast satellite of Uranus—some variation in the law of gravity at that enormous distance from the sun—the shock of a comet, or lastly, an unknown planet. But M. Le Vernier showed that all these suppositions, except the last, were inadmissible, and that, if the disturbing force proceeded from an unknown planet, the stranger must be, not within the orbit of Uranus, because, if a large body, it would disturb Saturn's orbit ; if a small one, it would not be adequate to produce the actual amount of disturbance in that of Uranus: nor, for the same reasons, near on the out side of the orbit of Uranus; but far enough without the orbit of Uranus to act upon it, without acting upon that of Saturn, and large enough to act upon Uranus for long and continapus periods of time. According to Bode's law of planetary distances which we have already enunciated, namely, that the planets double on one another in their dis tances from the sun as they are more remote in the system, this new planet ought to be twice as far from the sun as Uranus. And this probability became almost a certainty; for, as its distance cannot be much less, so it cannot be greater, e. g., treble the distance of Uranus; because, as in that case it must be of enormous mass, it must act upon Saturn as well as Uranus, and its great distance from both planets would its inluence on each comparable; whereas, ther e .urther. is no trace of any such influence on the orbit of Saturn. Further. urn. - such a body, acting on the orbit of Ura nus, must .b e, . e., with t mus out doubt, in much the same plane as that planet; t be looked for nearly in the ecliptic. was • made this abstract,. " The paper, of which we have the Ist of June in read before the Academy of Sciences on , in iCo tes Rendus,' the present year; and in a second paper ~ fix still more ex- August 31, 1846), Le Verrier proceeded to i t x unseen planet. actly the place, size, and distance of the ye ma be desirous -(To this paper we must refer the reader who y by Le Ver- 1 of acquainting himself with the elements givenfor an article rier. They are too abstruse and too technical many times the size of the earth w as a body general in its nature.) His idea was, that it mu ch less than , and not about the Saturn, taking more than two centuries to revolve within sun, at a distance 33 times greater than the Earth.tiWithin one be one month after M. Le Verrier had thus mint?. c vr y s a actually forehand, the place of this mysterious body, t. Of the observe seen. On the 23d o f September, Dr. Galle, urging him tory at Berlin, received a l e tt er f ro m Le Verrier,. might to look out sharply for the new star, which possibly Gall on be recognised by its disc. That very evening, heavens,es com paring Bremiker's excellent map with the not marked ob terved, near the place fixed by Le 'Vernier, a star night with by Bremiker. It was compared three times that suspected; a known fixed star, and a planetary motion was its d motion the following night it was again observed, a an confirmed, and agreed perfectly with its discoverer's2sth Galle nouncement ; and, on the third night, . September lace of the observed it fire times, and Encke ten, and the p bserved ' the planet had again changed, and, as Encke o ' This slight place of the planet agrees within one degree. position of the difference between the calculation as to e t theactua ob new planet by the theory of Le Verrier, and the most striking servation by Galle and Encke, is perhaps s note by M. Le Ver fact connected with the discovery. Ina '— tier to the Academy, on this point, he observesexceedinglY small, "'Min My error calculation will be foun d which I 11 n when the slight nature of the perturbations, taren into con planet, 3 after 30 or determined the position of the new bope, that sideration. This success must inspire a astronomers may 40 years' observations of the new plane t , the next that use it in its turn as a means of discove ring sum They will, follows in the order of distance from the t on account of unfortunately, soon arrive at stars invisible , whose orbits may their immense distance from the sun, bu be correctly ascertained by theory.' been frequently ob." Since this discovery, the plane Anas in man y parts of the served, both in our own country esed i n common mea continent. Its present distance, exprel s from the sun, an d sure, is about 3,200,000,000 English mites d i stan ce from Ura about 3,100,0 00 , 000 from the earth. a bot 140,0 00 ' 000 of miles. nus, whose motions it disturbs, is 3 m il es , that of Uranus i Its diameter is estimated at 5 0,000 of Saturn 79,000, of the I being 35,0 00 , of Jup iter 86,00 0 , 0 f the other p l a nets are l ess earth 8,000, while the di ameters u with the exception of Jupiter than that of the earth. Tb • s 1 h e largest in ours system. Its and Saturn, the new planet is 250 to 1. Considering that • is to that of the earth each attended by a train of cubic and Uranus are Jupiter, Saturn, that s extremely.probablethe new planet satellites, it appears 1 r accompaniment. Indeed, a subsequent will have a simi a ii f Liverpool, has stated his belief that Ar Lasse , o observe!, • dove d not only one accompanying satellite, but he has di sc- re also the existence of a . ring rou nd the planet. ' With respect ring,' ' observes Mr. Cas se ll, ' I am e o f the ri , . to the existence to declare it, but I received so many not able able absolutaely ays in the iamc form and directions, and pressions of it, iw nt m nifi powers, that I feel a very with all the differe nothing but a finer state of atmo • n that strong impression to e nable me to verify the discovery. Of sphere is n ecessary 0 t h e star, having every aspect of a sa tellite, there is the exist not the s hadow of a doubt.' These matters, however, cannot be d e termined until the observ a ti ons o f the planet have been continued for a longer period." The claims of mr. Adams to a shar e i n th e cre di t of d with 0 trace much candour and the discovery discovery atr - 13 without detracting in an manner from partiality. u entleman, it cannot be denied that the credit of that le Verner deserves to b the name of 31• e mighty orb whic b e associated pre-eminently which wilt perpetuate that genius has divulged, and with name to the the t e names of Galileo, of Kepler, remotest posteri . 7 er..c e . of ii a b 11 nd No more marvellous of Newton, a ewer of the human intell ect evidence of the p has ever . than that afforded by the mathematical ene astronomical phenome non indi cation of an , non by this illustrious The revievternext asks the question whe- Frenchman. ther the planets are i n habited , from and conceives the proba bility of their being so to this variety of facts proving their analogous condition ofis earth, among others from the periodical accumulations ice at the poles of Mars. He then comments upon th e extraordinary cavities and fissures in the moon, one cavern being sixty miles in diameter, an one crack..e xt iding 150 mil es i n l engt h , as straight as d a railway I Erom the di scover i es effected by Lord Rosse's telescope, and proclaimed by Dr. Nichol, it would seem that the renowned theory of Laplace as to the birth of the solar s y stem, and the nebular hypothesis of Herschell are virtually exploded. The article altogether is of remarkable interest. A strange review of " Grate's History of Greece," follows, in which the arguments of Bulwer an d others as to the individuality of Homer are feebly attempted be • to dis proved. Besides these there are papers upon the history of " British Ferns," (illustrated with wood e • the "Camp and Brirrack Room," ) n g r a a v n i r 2 gs, " Bankruptcy In solvency," and " Travels in Ly e i e Ptny d a- U pon the collee- FOx erma.—The first me etin ---- o tion of the letters an ------ f the Fox Club 1 d speeches of Oli ver C romwe ll, by g which et - Thomas C y arl le, there is an ex ce ll ent critical contribu n- this year was held on Saturday, at rooea , s, on F x was lio n. With a large quantity of minor criticisms and late Charles James o. f . r casion a beautiful portrait of thenotices of oreign iterature the e and Sele. Westminster and Foreign preeented to the club by Lord Say Quarterly Review is completed for the January quarter.. The combination of these two eminent publications pro mises to effect a brilliant innovation upon the ordinary style of periodicals. WIT AND numoun. By Leigh Hunt. After the fashion of the ancient trilogies, a very beau tiful notion of a literary character has been recently conceived by Leigh Hunt. As our comparison will imply, this] notion, branches off in three directions. Imagination and Fancy, the first ; Wit and Humour, the second ; Action and Passion, the third. As every mind that feeds upon the fruits of modern literature is already aware, the first portion of this exquisite series has been some time published. The second portion is now await ing the scrutiny of the critic, and the exploration of the reader. The third portion is as yet prospective ; may be it is now developing itself under the industrious pen of its originator. It must be acknowledged by every one who has examined the two volumes lately written by the Poet of Rimini, that the plan upon which they have been penned is as admirable as their influence is calculated to be beneficial, and as their manner of com position is fascinating. While each acts as a cicerone to the curiosities and riches stored up in different depart ments of English poetry, each acts likewise as an incitement to the intellect of its reader. As thus : While the glories of the imaginations and fancies of our bards are divulged to us, our own imaginations and fancies are simultaneously ripened and enlarged by the very contemplation. And, again :—ln analysing to us the characteristic wit and humour of our various poets, the writer has thereby endeavoured to enhance our capacities of appreciation in regard to wit and humour generally, and has done good service, moreover, for the eradication of that passion for spurious wit and burlesque humour, which, in latter yens, has so sadly deteriorated the pleasantness of society and the advan tages of the drama. No one was more peculiarly suited for the carrying out of this excellent scheme than Leigh Hunt. He has enough poetry in his own nature, to love the charms of his predecessors in the divine art. He has enough drollery to detect the veriest scintillation of wit, and the merest glimpse of humour, in his prede cessors. He has enough aptitude for criticism, to pass sentence upon his brethren of the lyre. He has enough knowledge of the foibles and failings of this generation, to discover where they exist and whence they arise ; and above all, he has enough acumen to discern the properest means of correcting those foibles, and eradi eating those failings. In proof of this, witness his most charming " Story of Rimini," his shorter poems, his critical papers in the Examiner and elsewhere, his picturesque romance, Sir Ralph Esher, his Indicator, and his Miscellaneous Essays. Talk, as many do, about Hunt regarding Nature through the atmosphere of London, it is undeniable that his compositions are flawed with Cockneyisms, just as Keats's Endymion was injured by its jejeune imagi narics, and as the majority of Wordsworth's verses are tarnished with puerilities. Blachwood, to a certain extent, judged rightly of Hunt, the Quarterly of Keats, and Byron of Wordsworth. But that "certain extent" only embraces the naked fact of Cockneyism in the one, jujuneness in the other, and puerility in the last. With all his conventional marks as a dweller in Cockaigne, how beautiful is the poetry of Leigh Hunt even in certain passages of the despised " Feast," and especially in his apostro phies to the months and seasons ! With all his imma turity, how exquisite we the works of Keats, how fanciful his " Larnia," how touching the " Pot of Basil," how impassioned his " Ode to the Nightingale," how sublime Pe i visibler t iiees, the ew productions trul y and ma j eesft William), i s the vv p o e e r t d o s f w n e a r t t u h r his fragment of " Hyp e rion l" With all his indisputable Throughout the whole of the writings of Leigh Hunt there have been some such comparative blemishes, though always accompanied by excellencies which had immeasurably the preponderance. It is, therefore, to our thinking, the most striking characteristic of the present serial that it affords no similar opportunities for the cavilling of the stupidest curmudgeon of a hyper. critic. The nature of the work, indeed, renders failure with such a man as Mr. Hunt little short of an impos sibility. To employ a trite but expressive metaphor, each book is a string of literary pearls : th© pearls he has selected from the most eminent of the bards of England, the string alone is his own. In the previous volume we had the choicest jewels of imagi• nation and fancy threaded together. In the present we have those of wit and humour. In the one which is to COURT OF ALDERMEN. Yesterday a Court wns held specially, to consider a motion by Alderman Humphery—" That the Remem brancer be directed to prepare a petition to Parliament for a Bill to alter and amend the Act of the II th of George I. cap. 18, for regulating elections within the City of London, with a view, amongst other things, to extend the elective franchise in the election of aldermen and common councilmen. The Court was numerously attended. THE NEW ELECTION OF FARRINGDON WITHOUT WARD. Sir JAMES DUKE in presenting the return of the new election for the ward of Farringdon Without, the for mer election having been vitiated by the wrong casting of the poll, and other matters connected with the neces sary forms, said he was desired by the wardmote to ex press their dissent from the decision of the Court of Aldermen, and their feeling that the common councilmen had been treated with indecorum by that Court, and by the Recorder. Alderman FAREBROTHEII asked whether that state ment constituted part of the return? Sir JAMES DUKE replied, that he spoke as a member of that Court. His constituents complained that they had not been heard. __ Alderman HUGHES lltrorme said that the consti tuency had no ground for complaint, as the Court of Aldermen could not by any possibility arrive at any other decision. The LORD MAYOR denied that the gentlemen of the ward had been treated with any disrespect, either by the Recorder or the members of that Court. [lt is proper to state that the Recorder did all he could at the last Court to induce the members to allow the counsel for all parties to speak to the subjeet before the Court, but without success.] Sir PETER LAURIE hoped the complaint would be a lesson to the Court to give the parties interested an op portunity of being heard, by adjourning the decision upon such a return. Alderman HuctuEe - HuunEs observed that the court were bound to correct any manifest error as soon as they discovered it. Alderman SIDNEY called upon Sir James Duke to ex plain a statement which he had made at the wardmote to the prejudice of the Court of Aldermen, that some of the members bad been canvassed by others to throw out the return, and that they were glad to gratify a secret ani mosity to Sir James Duke's ward. Sir James had stated that his informant was a member of the court. Alderman COPELAND hoped Sir James Duke would have the manliness to name the Alderman who had made such a statement. Sir JAMES DUKE explained, that his statements to his constituents had been misunderstood. He had said that the moment one of the Aldermen loqiced at the return, he declared it must be thrown out. Alderman HtroffEs HuotrEs remarked that the defect was not known till the return was presented to the Court. Alderman WOOD defended the decision of the Court, and said the conduct of the representatives of the ward, furnished some evidence of the position in which the Aldermen would be placed, if they were subjected to frequent election. He had heard bitter invectives uttered against Members of the Court, and even villanous motives attributed to them, on account of their opinions and decision on the matter, the tact being, that the Court could legally come to no other conclusion than that at which they had arri'ead.—(Hear, hear.) The subject was then dropped. come, we are to have those of action and passion. Leigh Hunt, as might be expected, has prefaced the volume under notice with an illustrative essay on wit and humour, in which he has, like Cowley, and Locke, and Addison, and Barrow, and Hazlitt, and Campbell, and Beattie, and a thousand others, endea voured to define the line of demarcation between those two subtle and most assimilative phenomena of the human mind. Mr. Hunt differs in a measure from all his predecessors, and he condenses his theory into a single sentence :—" Wit is the arbi• trary juxtaposition of dissimilar ideas, for some lively purpose of assimilation or contrast, generally of both." So far the definition is good, but it is merely a repetition of one very recently advanced elsewhere, to the effect that " Wit is the lustre resulting from the quick elucidation of one subject by a just and unexpected arrangement of it with another subject." We give the preference to the latter defini tion, as being, at one and the same time, more con densed and comprehensive. Leigh Hunt very happily terms humour " a tendency of the mind to run in particular directions of thought or feeling, more amusing than accountable." Of itself, however, this felicitous explanation of the meaning of humour is insufficient. The definition might apply to eccentric insolence, enthusiasm, eloquence, or in fact, to anything almost as well as to humour. He subsequently gives us a catalogue of what he calls the ••princpal forms of wit :-Is., the direct simile ; 2d, the metaphor ; 3d, the poetical process, the leap to a con clusion, the omission of intermediate particulars in order to bring the two ends of a thought or Circumstance together ; 4th, Irony, or saying one thing and meaning another ; sth, Burlesque or pure mockery ; 6th, Exaggeration, Ultra Continuity, and Extravagance in general ; 7th, Any kind of juxtaposition of ideas, having a pleasant effect, down to those depending on sound ; Bth, Cross pur poses, or contradictory intentions mistaken by their Entertainers for Identical Ones ; 9th, Unconscious ab surdity in a man's character apart from mere circum stances ; 10th, Conscious humours indulged ; 11th, Humours of Nations and Classes ; 12th, Humours of mere temperament ; 13th, Moral and Intellectual incon gruities; 14th, Genial Contradictions of the Conventional In drawing out this vocabulary of " forms," ue con ceive that Mr. Hunt has straggled very widely from his original definitions of wit, and has sped across the barrier which should have divided it from humour. In this catalogue wit and humour merge into each other, and become almost inextricably blended together. We cannot regard that as a just and accurate lists of the " forms" of the former, which embraces burlesque, nonsense, verses, and every description of pun. We can perceive wit, for example, in that verse by Tom Hood, descriptive of the death and funeral of a sailor ; " His death which hanpened in his berth, At forty odd befd, into :g Madame fiisimultaneously." ult it a l n a e n ou ta s l ly in : i , n They went and t o ld th e sexton, And the sext on t o ll e d t h e b ell. " We can see wit, moreover, in that r emar k i n "Ni cholas N wrung her hecnds with grief, and rung the bell f or h er hus band,ick le ay," llio e a chair Dickens a nd a says, fainting Neither of these specimen s o f w i t h ave been ' inserted by Mr. Hunt in his volume, b u t we can see positive wit in them, whereas it would t a k e a m illi on years of the most unheard of logic to convi nce us t h at bndfewh t Rorum, corum, Sunt divorum, Harum scarum divo; Tag-rag, merrv-derry, perriwig and hat-band, Hic hoc horum, genttivo, is wit. Humourous nonsense it may he, and is in short, but wit it certainly is not. Yet it is actually quoted as such by Leigh Hunt in page 51. It is amusing, more over, to hear him propounding as a doctrine in literature, that Lawrence Sterne is the greatest wit that ever lived ! With Shakspere, Cervantes, Moliere, Swift, Addison, and g l or i ous old Rabelais in his recol lection ; he says that Lawrence Sterne was the greatest wit ! A first-rate wit Sterne was, without question— " Tristram Shandy" is a grand proof of that—but cer tainly he was not the first. We are amazed to hear so discriminating a critic as Mr. Hunt speak thus emphatically about Lawrence Sterne, and yet make no mention whatever of a much greater wit—Charles Dickens. Notwithstanding these inconsistencies, how ever, the volume is right excellent; it is a delightful culling of witty and humourous passages from Chaucer, Shakspere, Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Ran dolph, Suckling, Brome, Marvel, Butler, Dryden, Philips, Pope, Swift, Green, Goldsmith, and Wolcot; accompanied with brief but felicitous commentaries of Leigh Hunt bimielf. SPORTING AT CHELTENHAM.—A steeple chase took place on the south side of w C e l l e l B ra io ce nd w a u y l r a . s id t d , e b n et a w t e a en sla lS p ir p . in G g e - v c e on H t i e l s l te o d n were taken in a true sporting style, without W estall, a b f l a r i . l o . nly' s . p ffi a ' ce ° , ll t s he g fen re ces ch. ra. Amazon, and Mr. H n urls t t h's walls) The P ( e ni nc o r s a t i l g y . running was commenced by Amazon, and taken up in The suc cession by Westall and Pencraig. Amazon, who carrid ethwco one extra, would have been in a b ' abetter place at the close , n had she not refused three fences. Westall baulked once. The little grey mare took all that came in her way. Amaz c o e. n came in as though she had been taking her usual exercise ; Weatall, ranch distressed, came in wi nner b y about 70 y a rds. Westall, 10st. 7lb. Amazon, 12st. 71b Pencraig, 10:t 71b. ... ......... (Oliver) 3 It is a matter on which we may congratulate our selves and our readers, that not a single case of cholera has been reported at the police-office for the last three months.— Bombay Telegraph. SOUTHAMPTON, SUNDAT.—Last night, about nine o'clock, a fire broke out on the premises of a Mr. Spincer, a farmer and extensive cattle dealer, regularly attending Smithfield-market, at a farm in the neighbourhood of Romsey. We understand that four o res, a co ro w and calf The, pigs, some stacks of corn, hay, destyed. premises were the property of Lord Palmerston. A vessel, arrived in the West India Docks from Hamburgh (the first arrival from that Hanseaticport f or seve ral weeks past), has brought the immense quantity 77,610 rape cakes, which are compressed for oil, and then made use of for manuring land; and also 16,820 linseed cakes, for cattle -feeding purposes; being an entire cargo of these articles, and one of the largest we remember to have taken -- - . place. SINGULAR CIRCUMSTANCE.— On Thursday after noon last ipartridge, supposed to be pursued b y a hawk, flew i n to the bed-room window of W. Hawkins, Esq., of Martins town, pitching in a bandbox that lay open in the room at the time, and which, by the flitting of the timid bird, brought the cover to a close, at once making him a cap tive. A lady, of the name of Richards, hearing something moving in the room, began to be in some measure a little alarmed, but having discovered what it was, she secured and speed took the prey to the owuer of the malusion.—Salis bury Ewald ENLARGEMENT ON THE ELECTIVE FRANCHISE. Alderman HUMPHERY rose to submit to the Court the motion of which he had given notice, and for the dis cussion of which the Court had been specially summoned. IHis object was, he said, to go to Parliament for the power of extending the franchise of the election of Alder men and Common Councilmen. There seemed to exist amongst some of his fellow-citizens, a decided impression that if the Corporation, or any part of it, went to Parliament, a death-blow would be dealt upon its privileges. He did not believe any such thing. On the contrary, be thought that if the the corporation applied with an unanimous feeling to Parliament, the most attentive and respectful conside ration would be given to the object of its application.— (Hear, hear.) His object was, to alter and amend so much of the Act of George the First as would enable those who paid the largest amount of rates and taxes, and contributed most largely to the support of the wealthy character of the city, to have a voice is the elec tion of aldermen and eonsmon councilmen. As the law at present stood, the voters must not only keep houses or warehouses, and pay scot and bear lot, but they must sleep, either by themselves or their servants, within the wards. He recollected that when he presided at the election for aldermen in the ward of Bread-street, he had had experience of that doctrine having been observed, the rejection of the votes of many of the most respect able and influential men on that occasion, because they could not prove the fact of their sleeping in the ward. Such a system inevitably threw upon men who ought not to have such an authority the power of electing whom they might prefer, thus leaving the su perior classes in the ward unrepresented. Now, his intention was to throw open the franchise to all persons paying scot and bearing lot in the city of London, whether they were freemen or not.—(Hear, hear.) There were in all the wards individuals who were not free, and who would not be free, but they bore the great burden of the City taxation, and no one in his senses eould at this time of day say that they were not entitled to votes in the election of those who were to impose taxes upon them. Generally speaking the merchants were free, but they were exempted from the privilege of voting because they thought it was advisable to sleep in the suburbs after the toils of the day.—(Hear, hoar.) He wished to establish the constituency of the Aldermen and the Common Councilmen upon the basis of the ex isting parliamentary constituency. He proposed, too, to limit theduration of election for members of the two courts upon the parliamentary principle of the Reform Bill. The present Lord Mayor had witnessed in the case of his election, the inconvenience and annoyance of an eight days' poll, when the business could have been accom plished as effectively in one day. The election of Com mon Councilmen, which occupied, in the event of a con test, three days, it would be also necessary to limit to one day's pulling.—(Hear, hear.) Now, into whose hands would the power of electing Aldermen, as well as Common Councilmen, fall, if the present practice were now discontinued ft In the ward of Farringdon Without, there were 180 licensed victuallers, all of whom had votes, and they could by their votes at 4 influence, which was considerable, and claim whatever candidates they pitched upon to the Court of Common Council. These licensed victuallers, if the Act were not altered and amended, would by and by return members to the Court of Aldermen, as well as to the other Court. There were, he believed, 1,000 licensed victuallers in the city of Lon don, and if the change were not made in compliance with the demands and spirit of the times, to these individuals would devolve the power of supplying the Cor poration of London with representatives, of the vast wealth and power of this great city.—(Hear, hear, and a laugh.) Now that would be a state of things not likely to find advocates in the Court of Aldermen. In effectual attempts had been made Cr compel wholesale dealers to take up their freedom, and it appeared to the authorities of the Corporation, to be too hard to use compulsory means with the retail dealers, after such an issue. Ihe constituency, then, must soon be narrowed in an extreme degree, if the means he proposed for extending it were not adopted. It was idle to talk of the danger of the sacrifice of the privileges of the Cor poration upon coming in contact with Lord Brougham in the House of Loris, and Mr. Williams in the House of Commons.—(A laugh.) He had no apprehension of the stability of the Corporation, if they would only go along with the spirit of the times.—(Hear, hear.) The Court of Common Council was naturally anxious to have the privilege of keeping their establishments in the City, and to sleep oat of town. To that position he subscribed—(Hear, hear)—but the existing law prohibited it. The Bill he was desirous to introduce to Parliament would quite put an end to that pro hibition, and place the Common Council and the constituency on a level as to privileges. The Com mon Council, he believed, were anxious thee such should be the case, but they were frightened at their own shadows the moment Parliament was spoken of, and still without going to Parliament nothing could be done.— (Hear, hear.) Alderman Humphrey who Is listened to throughout without marked attention, then read the motion as above. Alderman IiIIORES HUGHES suggested the propriety of submitting a question of so much importance to a committee to inquire into the expediency of an applica tion to Parliament. Alderman WlLsott seconded Alderman Humphery's proposition. All parties had, he said, agreed that the time had arrived for an application to Parliament for the reform of a portion of London, which had, notwithstanding all that had been threatened and promised and predicted, ever since the Reform Bill had passed Parliament, never undergone any reform at all.—(Hear, hear.) Of late an attempt had been made in the Court of Common Council, but they had evidently begun at the wrong end by bringing in a Bill to alloy the representatives to live out of the city. It would be very well to introduce that privilege after the production of other reforms more pressing ergency. There should be alterations affecting the conservancy of river, the improvement of the city and of the police, and many other matters, the go ment of which, made the Corporation of London the laughing stock of the world.—(Laughter below the bar.) It was an absurd and fatal jealousy which interfered with the power to render the two bodies of the corporation effective, and largely beneficial to the community, pos sessing es they did the elements of good.—(Hear, hear.) He concurred in the proposition that the franchise ought to be enlarged. The only doubt whic h c hindividuals came ac ross mind related to those cases in w_ h ) paid 30L e ach for their freedom.—Teeia;,aphelaicar. believed, however, that there was a There wepre applica ble to that condition.—(Hear, hear.) alarmists who said, that if the c orporation e wentdead letter, t o Par liamentand their charters wou ld become a d it would become the counterpart of the other municipal institutions of the counta. A VOICE—And wby not? Alderman WILSON—The question was fairly asked, Why not? Ho would rather see the City corporation like one of those which had been mentioned than see it what it had been for a long time, and what it was at present—the ridicule of the whole country.—(Laughter below the bar.) The Alderman concluded by saying, that as Alderman Humphery was an uniform supporter of the present Government, he would procure the con currence of the head of it on the present object, and use every exertion of which he was capable to advance so important a step to corporate reform.—(Hear.) Alderman litranEe RIIGRZB said he should move SD amendment, that a committee of the whole court be ap pointed to consider the expediency of directing the Remembrancer to bring a Bill into Parliament for the purpose stated by Alderman Humphery. He thought that so important a measure ought to be preceded by a committee. He believed the time bad arrived when it it should be made apparent to the public, that whatever might be the opinion entertained by the country, the Court of Aldermen was not the court to object to an ap plication to Parliament for improvement in its constitu tion.—(Hear, hear.) Some people might have disagree.. able forebodings, but he had a firm belief upon being fairly treated in Parliament. Sir P. LAURIE seconded Alderman Hughes Hughes' amendment. He did not believe there was any necessity for going to Parliament, and he had every reliance upon the discretion and zeal of the Court of Common Council, who were perfectly justified in bring ing forward the measure to which such unreasonable objection had been made in the Court of Aldermen. With respect to the duration of the poll he did not see how the constituency would be benefited by limiting the time of elections. The period occupied in a contest gave the constituency an opportunity of ascertaining the foundation of objections to the candidates, and there were instances in which two very queer characters would have been sheriffs, if it had not been for the inquiry which the Livery were enabled to make by the duration of the poll into the merits of the candidates.—(Hear. hear, and a cry of "We all remember that," and laughter.) It would be very desirable to adjourn the. anbject under discussion, until the result of the reference to the committee, and the whole Court of Common Council, should be known. Alderman WOOD showed that there existed a strong necessity for going to Parliament as speedil:, as poFsible, for the purpose stated in the proposi:ion of Alderman Humphery had intimated the fact that, several years ago, he had brought forward the question, amongst others, involving the principal details connected with corporation reform. Alderman COPELAND supported the original motion. A committee would inevitably cause delay, and delays are, in so vital a case, dangerous. Alderman THOIvIPSON also supported the original mo tion, but was of opinion that the Bill, when brought in by the Remembrancer, should undergo in all its clauses the most vigilant examination. The amendment of Alderman Hughes Hughes was then negatived by a majority of 12 to 5. Sir CHAPMAN MARSHALL then moved as an amend ment the previous question, which was at once nega.. tived, only one hand having been held up for it. Alderman HIIMPHERY'S motion, with the addition suggested by Alderman THOMPSON, that the Bill be prepared by the Remembrancer, under the direction of seven aldermen, was then adopted, no more than one hand having been held up against it. The Court then adjourned. There were several members of the Court of Common Council present, and they expressed in very plain lan guage their astonishment at the radical change exhibited in the discussion of matters on which the Court had been long accustomed to deliver opinions diametrically opposite. FRENCH PLAYS, ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. A new vaudeville entitled Le Barbier du Roi d'Aragon was produced on Monday evening. With the plot of this amusing farce our playgoing readers must be well acquainted as it has been played at almost every theatre in London, under the title of the Barber Bravo. Frederic Lemaitre was of course the Barber, and the part afforded him admirable opportuni ties for exhibiting the astonishing versatility of his talent, of which he knew well how to avail himself. He was excas► sively amusing throughout and kept the house in as ecatacy .1' delight. He was called for of course at the conclusion, and we doubt not but that Le Barbier will be frequently repeated during the course of his engagement. It was preceded by the new vaudeville of Louisette ou la Chanteuse ate Rues, in which that talented actress, Mademoiselle Clarisse, sus tained the principal character in a• manner deserving of the highest praise. The house was crowded. Among the com pany present we observed the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort, the Earl and Countess of Chesterfield, his Excellency the French Ambassador and the Countess Dietrichstein, his Ex cellency the Russian Minister and the Baroness Brnnnow, the Marquis of Bristol, the Count and Countesss de Jarnac, the Count d'Orsay, the Countess of Blesaington and the Misses Powers, the Baron and the Baroness Rehausen, the Earl and Countess of Listowell, Lady Rendlesham, Sir John, Lady, and the Misses Burgoyne, Lady Jodrell, Sir Henry Webb, &c. LYCEUM THEATRE. At length we have what we despaired of ever having again—an original farce. It is entitled The Wigwam, and is from the pen of Mr. Shirley Brooks. It was most suc cessful on its production on Monday evening, and will, R. doubt, become a stock-piece. The scene is laid in the wilds of America, to which a certain Mr. Lobscouse (F. Matthews), having to emigrate from Finsbury-square, to escape the tongue of his wife, is chosen by the Indians a chief, and becomes the renowned Fondlesquaws, hero of the red man. Fluffy Plumpton, Esq. (Mr. Keeley), having set his affec tions on Miss Lobscouse (Miss Arden), goes to America in search of her venerable father, to get his consent to their ution. He falls in with the tribe, transfers his affections to Cora, the agile deer's foot (Miss M. Keeley), the chiefs adopted daughter, and assuming the name of the little fat Buffalo becomes exceedingly popular with the tribe. Ile, however, has a rival in the person of Mingo, the Monkey's uncle (Mr. Oxberry), who presses his suit for the hand of Cora with all the ardour of a red man. The whole tribe, however, are thrown into con fusion by the appearance of Mrs. and Miss Lobscouse, who have come all the way from Finsbury in search of the old gentleman. They are made prisoners, but are saved by the arrival of a regiment of cavalry, when the whites, re spectively reconciled to each other, leave with the regiment, and the genuine reds are left in the en joyment of the native wilds. There is a beautiful song introduced in the course of the piece, entitled " The wild, free wind," which was exquisitely sung by Miss Keeley, and deservedly encored. The music is by Alexander Lee, and the melody, like the melody of all Lee's compositions, is exceedingly sweet. Alexander Lee has composed more beautiful melodies than any maestro now living, and amongst the most beautiful is this exquisite song. The little tat Buffalo of Keeley, and the Fondiesquaw of F. Matthews, were ex , :eedingly amusing, and, take it altogether, The Wigwam is the best farce that has been introduced for many a long day. REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CORN TRADE. From the manner in which the Ministerial plans have been received by the Opposition side of the House, it is certain that the proposed suspension of the corn and navigation laws will forthwith be conceded; nor are any objections likely to be raised to the permission to emply sugar in distilleries and breweries. The ready acquiescence of Members of all shades of opinion to the free importation of grain for a period of six months affords the strongest possible proof of the neces sity of the measure. Nothing but the absolute conviction that a very large import of food will be required, and thee consequent resolve to lay aside all party feelings, and give the Government every facility in passing such temporary laws as promise to increase our supplies, could have led to the unanimity of opinion which has been displayed on the subject. The picture drawn by Mr. Laboucbere of the std.:* of Ireland, and his estimate of the importation likely to be required between this and next harvest, are sufficiently start ling. Nor do we think he has overrated the difficulties which may be expected to be encountered (owing to the de ficiency of the last harvest on the Continent) in procuring the requiste quantity of grain. Under these circumstances a reaction in prices can scarcely be expected; indeed the probability is, that, high as quotations now are, they will become still higher before any efficient assistance can reach us from abroad. The great dependence of both statesmen and merchants is America. That the crop of wheat was large, and that of Indian corn unusually abundant, both in the United States and Canada, we h we every reason to be lieve; but, on the other hand, the yield of grain in many of the continental states of Europe was even more deficient than Great Britain. IV hether, theretore, the surplus of the western hemisphere will prove sufficiently ample to make good the deficiency of the eastern may well admit of ques tion. It is, at all events, certain that, so uLusual a demand will speedily enhance prices on the other side of the Atlan tic; and we feel satisfied that to secure a supply at all com mensurate with our requirements we shall have to pay very high rates. The announcement of the intention of Ministers to take off the duty has had very little ellect on the home trade; there has perhaps been a little less activity this week in the demand for wheat at some of the markets in the agri cultural districts, but this we are inclined to attribute to the increase which has taken place in the supplies, and to the caution induced by the high value of the article, rather than to the influence of the Government interference with the laws. It is quite in accordance with the usual course of trade that, after so great a rise as that recently established on wheat, a pause should occur ; but we must confess we can discover no symptoms indicative of a reaction in prices. With regard to Barley the case has been different ; and though it is yet doubtful whether sugar will be extensively used as a substitute, t' e alteration pr posed to be made in . the distillation laws has certainly had the effect of rendering seller. of this grain :somewhat anxious to realise; whilst buyers have declined entering into fresh engagements, ex cept at materially reduced rates. What has transpired in ' the House of Commons has rather increased the tenacity of holders of Oats. In touching on the subject of the deficiency of this crop in Ireland, the President of the Board of Trade • estimated the produce of Ireland at aboat three-fourths of an average: and as the consumption of meal must have teen unusually great, all hope of a supply of Oats from the sister isle would appear to be at an e' d. Wheat continues to be higher at many of the provincial mtrkets than at Mark lane, which circumstance accounts fer the moderate charac- ' ter of the supplies of the article into London. During the . week ending this (Saturday) evening, the arrival coastwise into London has amounted t ) 6,629 qrs.; nor has the quan ti 7 brought forward by land-earri ige samples from the home counties been by ary means large. On Wednesday • the Essex, Kent, and Suffolk stsnds were very poorly sup- ,: plied; and from more distant parts of the kingdomn there was scarcely anything fresh up. Factors were grin ot in their - demands ; and though the inquiry was , not,.. j. c,, tive, previous prices were rather excectoenuf.oPrmavenurrocricdasayiotnhz ~.. quantity on sale was even smallere than to ' whilst the anxiety of millers to .odde wtasheiartsttoeermksswnaostqpuritee_ 4, as apparent ; and the businee a n .iously obtainable. The demand tor foreign free Wheat has throughout the week; the coarser ' , been tolerably c _e aga-tivbeen taken ratkr extensively, for the q ualities have--ainconverted into meal to ship to Ireland, ) fully as high as at any former purpose of being have been and the rates paid p e riod, sa y 68s. to 7 0 s. for O dessa, and proportionate termr:l f or other kinds. The millers have also bou g ht th e fi ner . . i sor t s pretty freely for local use , in consequence of an i n • t d . creased demand for Flour ; and for superior Dantzic, Ros tock, and other favourable kinds, very high prices have beetr7 rea ia2d. In anticipation of an early release of the bonded-1 at a nominal duty, holders of parcels under lock have de- : ~ dined selling, except on terms scarcely Is. per quarter be- . , low those at which free wheat of similar quality might have.: z been bought ; notwithstanding which several lots haver': changed hands.—.durk-lane Express . vi A.D 7 u VERTISBMENT.)—TE AS AT Wuor.EsALR PRICES,' li: No. 2, BU CKLERS BURT, CHEAPSIDE.--Families whose c : consumption is large, and study economy, will derive ... considerable advantage at this establishment. One mai, form price is affixed, by which the purchaser of a single pound can can obtain it on the same terms as the trade. Black Tea ...2s. Bd., 35., 3s. 4cl, 3s. Bd., 4e., 4s. 4d., ss. Green......... 3s. 4d., 3s. Bd., 4s. 4s. 4d., 55., 68., 7 5 . , Coffee ......... 9 d. , 101., ls., Is. 2C1., Is. 4d., Is. 6d., ls. 8d.0.a One pound sent free to any part of town. Orders from' .: 1 the country forwarded the same day; and when the" quantity is for 61b. weight (tea only), the carriage is paid to any part of England.-111.aNsELL and Co., i wholesale tea dealers, 2, Bucklersbury, Cheapside. ROBBERY IN • BANZlNgi.nouss....Monday in- -. formation was received by the police. that on the 23d inst:',," : . Mr. Petty, of Knight's Hi ll, Norwood was robbed of a 201. ' No. 56,4 7 40 Bank of England note, whilst standing at the b, counter in the banking-house of Messrs. Glyn and Co., Lomi , bird-street, supposed by a man, about thirty years of sec:. &mod in a black great coat and black bat. , .-•