The Sun. — London, England, 1832-09-05 00:00:00

`for its own carculat:on P—l mean, that provided the Batik were not liable to be called upon in the inerney market of London for a large supply of coin to uphold the country circulation, a less deposit of bullion would be required. Must not the demand for the country circulation of gold from the Bank depend materially upon the amount of the circulation of the Bank of England, for which the country circulation have the power to demand gold ?—I believe the country bankers are possessed of so much property, and such securi ties, that I can hardly contemplate that contraction of the Bank paper in London which would deprive them of the power of obtaining the amount they might require for providing themselves with coin from the Bank. Are there not circumstances which may occasion a drain upon the Bank, other than what arise from an unfavourable state of exchange P—Certainly. Would not any state of commercial panic in the country, from which a run upon the country bankers may arise, send them to you for a supply of bullion, though the foreign exchanges were not in a position to induce the export of it ?—Certainly. Was not that to a considerable extent the case in th e run upon the Bank in the year 1825 ?--I be lieve so. Did not that run, which reduced your resources so low, arise from circumstances independent of the foreign export of bullion ?—Yes. Therefore, after every precaution vou had taken to keep your circulation in correspondence with the state of foreign exchanges, you are still liable to the other danger, of having to find bullion, not only for the wants of the country bankers, but to allay the fears and apprehensions of timid men who may wish to have in their possession more than in any emergency they may want ?—Certainly ; it is that circumstance that impresses me with the necessity for a larger deposit of bullion than otherwise would be requisite. Would not the larger to which you :mode be remedied, supposing there were otherwise no objec tion to it, by providing by law that the country banker might make his payment in Batik of Eng land notes ?-4 think that some substantial relief would be afforded by that arrangement, but it would not entirely remove the difficulty. Would it not so far remove the difficulty, that the outlet of the coin would be at the Bank of England alone ?—Certainly. Was not the difficulty of which you have been speaking in t h e y ear 1825, when there was such a run upon the Bank, unconnected with any foreign demand, in fact met by the re-issuing of 1/. notes —At Norwich it was, and I believe at one or two other places. Did any communication take place with the Go vernment relative to the amount of the circulation of the Bank in May, 1825, or previous to May, 1825?-1 cannot answer that question. Do you recollect the speech that Mr. Huskisson made in the House of Commons in May, 1825, re lative to the conduct of the Bank IP—No. At what time did the Bank become apprehensive of an altered state of affairs in 1825 ?—I was not in the Court in the year 1825, and am therefore unable to answer that question. In the amount of two-thirds, which you think the Bank should keen invested in securities, what pro portion do yoti calculate as necessary to he available within the period of three months ?—lt has always appeared to me to be immaterial, provided they be marketable. What proportion do you consider it is necessary should be marketable P—l think all the securities of the Bank held against their liabilities, should be marketable, And the dead-weight you consider as one of the marketable securities ?—Certainly. Do you include the Deficiency-bills in your secu rities ?—Yes; the Deficiency-bills are always paid off in the course of the quarter. Do you consider them as marketable ?—They never are sold, but they would be marketable, pro vi' ed the Government consented to their being sold. Referring to the circumstances of commercial alarm, which occasionally causes a demand upon the Bank, does the Bank take into consideration that subjects of political alarm might render the Bank liable to a drain of gold from the holders of stock as well as from the holders of notes P—l have always thought it impossible for the Bank to be able, under any circumstances, to guard against political discredit. Do they keep, in fact, the means of meeting any demand for gold, arising from what might be called a political discredit ?—No. You state that in 1825, the supply of 1/. notes from the Bank was serviceable in'checking the alarm of that period ; was not the Bank in the habit of is suing I/. notes prior to December, 1825 ?—Na, not subsequent to their having been called in. But they happened to have a supply of 11. notes ? —Yes ; they were printed before the notes had been withdrawn. Have the Bank now any provision of I/. notes ? They have the remainder of the stock of 1825. 1 believe there was an additional amount of 1/. notes printed at that time. Have they a considerable amount now in readi ness for circulation P—l shall be very glad to furnish any return the committee may please to order on that subject. Has the Bank considered that it might, under circumstances of commercial or political alarm, be an useful provision to have 11. notes ready for issu ing ?—I believe I can safely state, that of late year. , they have made no provision whatever with regard to such contingencies. Were riot the Bank restricted from signing 1/. notes after October in 1826 ?--I believe they were. Did the Bank issue any 1/. notes between 1821 and 1825 ?—They did not issue any small notes from the time of their being called in, which I believe was in 1821 or 1822, until the year 1825. Can there be any doubt that that issue of If. notes made in 1825 had a most beneficial effect upon the transactions of this metropolis P—l believe that it proved beneficial in stopping the run upon the country bankers. You stated, that you calculated upon requiring a larger deposit of bullion, in consequence of the de mands of the cautery banks; are you not aware that the demands of the country banks arise prin cipally from the demands of the public upon them, and that they are merely the medium through which the demands of the public come ?—Certainly. I presume they are the demands of the public. Is not the general system of the country bankers this—to issue as much paper as they can, without reference to what is to become of it ; or rather, is there in the whole system of banking any one body, but the Bank of England, that puts any check or restraint upon its issues from pi udential considera tions P—l imagine that security is the first object of a country banker, provided the securities be good which are tendered to him, and such as he considers to he strictly marketable. I imagine that he has no objection to issue his paper upon them. Are not the Committee to understand it to be your opinion, that although the country banker may issue with every consideration of prudence as to the security upon which he issues, yet that the care of proportioning the issue of paper to the state of ex changes or the state of bullion of the country, is solely under the management of the Bank of Eng land ?—I imagine the Bank of England to be the only body which has knowledge of the actual state of the foreign exchanges. And the only body that regulates its issues by that principle ? Certainly. Dow do you regulate your issues according to the foreign exchanges ?—By the notes being re tunied for gold or silver fur export. Do you regulate them from the return you have of what the foreign exchanges are, or from the action which takes place upon the Batik ?—The action w filch takes place upon the Bank. Do you find that the alteration in the action upon the B It iS simultaneous with an alteration in the rate tlereign exchanges, and that it is the case in ft varie 11 ?—pertaiUty. P :::: - i—d) Do you notitotneti;nes atitcipate the actual action upon the Btitik 64 the demand for gold, when you there is a tendency in the foreign exchanges to • , %h produce that action?--No, we wait foi- the actual demand. Are there not instances in which the demand for Gold has continued upon the Bank,af.er the foreign exchanges have been favourable to the country ?-1 . consider an unfavourable exchange to be a demand upon the Bank for gold for exporttrion ; I do not know what other criterion exists for judging of an unfavourable exchange. , You stated in a former answer, that you regulate your issues with reference to the par of exchange ; what do you mean by the par of exchange 2—l do not know how the par of exchange is to be defined by figures ; an exchrenge below par, is the demand for gold upon the currency of this country; you may have that demand for gold at a very high exchange as well as a very low exchange. You stated in one of your answers, that you had reference in the conduct of your issues to the par of exchange; but in your subsequent answer you stated that you had reference, not to the par of exchange, but to the action upon the Bank ?—Such action upon the Bank is, in my view, the only evidence of the exchange being below par. What l 7; the par of exchange between two countries, one of which has a gold and the other a silver cur rency ?—ln this country, it is the price of the gold currency in the foreign market at the moment. Then any thing !ike a permanent par of exchange between two countries, one having a gold and the ether a silver currency, cannot be ?—lt cannot exist. Does it not occasionally happen,that whilst the par of exchange, according to the general evimate of it, with another country (France for instance), is con siderably in favour of this country, and would there fore indicate a power of importing gold, there is at the same time a demand for gold upon the Bank, and an export actually taking, place arising from par ticular circumstances abroad ?—Certainly. And there would therefore be a difference be tween the par of exchange as generally understood, and the sense in which you are speaking of it, in its action upon the Bank P—Certainly. If by the par of exchange is meant the intrinsic value of coin in the two countries, the Napoleon of France and the Sovereign of this country, you may form a par upon that calculation ; but gold fluctuates in price abroad, and which has a corresponding effect upon the rate of exchange. When a bill for a certain amount will purchase the same quantity of gold both in England and France, supposing that gold to be gold of a certain weight and a certain standard, would you not con sider that to be a par of exchange in those two coun tries ?—I should so consider it. Is it that which you alluded to in your former answer ?—I can hardly define an unfavourable ex change otherwise than by a demand upon the Bank; but a demand upon the Bank will not be likely to continue for a great length of time at a high rate of exchange; there may be a temporary de mand, and I may instance the years 1832 and 1829, as periods when there was a demand at a high rate of exchange for about a million of gold for the sup ply of the Russian army, but it was evident to the Bank that it was not probable to continue ; while it was in action it was evidence of an unfavourable exchange. Can a creditor in France to any amount demand gold for payment without paying an agio for it ?—I believe not. Then, do you consider that silvet is the legal standard of the currency in France, and not gold —Certainly. Therefore, gold not being the standard of the currency of France, but gold being the standard here, is there any thing like a fixed par of exchange between France and England ?—I think not. not gold a legal tender in France, although a creditor cannot demand to be paid in gold without paying an agio for it ?—I believe so. In making provision for meeting any demands for gold made upon you by the country bankers, do you not consider them as making that demand as holders of bank -notes, as well as other persons to whom you have already alluded in a previous answer ?--No ; I consider the demand by the country bankers in times of discredit to extend beyond the bank-notes they hold im reserve. not that occasioned by the demand which the public make upon them ?—Certainly. Are the Committee to understand that the infor mation you have given relative to the mode in which courmry bankers make their issues, is not from any personal knowledge you possess upon the subject ? —Yes. Are you aware that Committees of Parliament, in frequent recommendations to the Bank, have de sired that they would always take in view the state of the foreign exchanges with reference to their issues of paper ?—No. Are the Committee to understand that you have not regulated your issues by such observations ? Not by any instruction; I merely stated that the issues of the Bank are regulated by the state of the foreign exchanges. When you stated, in your first answer upon this subject, that one-third of the reserve of bullion has reference to the par of exchange, did you mean more than this—that it had reference to a state of things in ►vhich there is no unusual demand upon the Bank for bullion for exportation abroad ?—No demand for bullion for exportation. You have stated, that in estimating the danger of the different liabilities of the Bank in case of diffi culty, you consider the note out to be the most dangerous liability, and the drawing account to be the least so in comparison ; would you not find in reference to any case of internal ddliculty, such as that which occurred in the year 1825, that the bank ers arid others having large deposits with you, are more likely to come en masse against you, than the mere circulating paper of the Bank ?—ln alluding to the deposits of the Bank, perhaps it would be desirable to have separated the bankers' deposits from the deposits of individuals, for it is quite cer tain that the bankers' deposits are more liable to be called out in times of scarcity of money, and they are called out when the deposits of individuals re main undisturbed. _ . In looking at the fluctuations that have taken place in your deposits and in your circulating paper, are not the fluctuations greater in the depo sits than in the circulating paper ?—No, I believe that they are not, if you exclude the bankers' de posits. Taking the whole together, do not you think they are ?—I think not ; but I can refer for more precise information, if the Committee wish me to do so. You stated that the principle was to keep the amount of securities in your hands nearly the same; do you, in order to effect that, restrict your dis counts upon the bills of private individuals ?—No. Does it ever occur that the amount of private bills accumulates beyond its average amount ? Yes. In such case how do you keep the whole amount of your securities at the same amount ?—By clninging the GJvernment securities into the commercial bills. Then, when you said that you have never forcibly contracted the amount of currency, )ou do not mean to exclude your selling securities in the mar ket, in case the securities accumulate in your hands ? —lf there be a demand for an increase of the issues upon commercial bills, the Bunk finds the means of supplying the demand by a sale of part of their Go vernment securities, thereby providing that the amount of their securities be not increased, but merely their character changed. When a demand comes upon you from a country banker, either from any panic or from any other cause, is not the operation of a demand of this na ture, that a banker, if he has none of your paper to come and claim bullion for, either sends up to his London correspondent to real:se his securities, either his Exchequer-bills, or his stock, or any thing else, or sends up the notes arising fr.An realizi..g them elsewhere, and claims specie at the Bank ; and does not this disposition of the country banker to throw his securities into the market for the purpose of calling upon you for specie, meet you in the market, when, in consequence of any great de mand, you are obliged to realize any securities for the purpose of satisfying his demand ?—Whenever s. there is a great quantity of securities thrown upon the market, it must affect the value of the whole. Does not the operation for the purpose of getting your bullion, become simultaneous with your opera tion fur meeting his demand, and do not the two to gether produce what is commonly called distress and difficulty in the commercial world ?—Provided that be his action, it certainly would have that effect. When the Bank is placed in any way so as to make it necessary to strengthen their amount of bul , lion, how do you rank your securities according to their realizable qualities, that is to say, which do you consider the most, and which the least commandable for your purposes; do you begin with your dis counts ?—No, the Exchequer-bills would be the first resorted to. When should you come to your discounts ? Last of all ; but we should never come to the dis counts till we had arrived at the maximum of the rate of interest. Would the rate of interest come into your calcu lation in a case of that nature ?—Certainly. Have you, of lace years, been in the habit of re fusing discount of good commercial paper, from a desire to decrease your circulation ?—Not that I am aware of. Should you not think it a bad system for the Bank of England to be established upon, to be obliged to refuse to the commerce of the country the discount of good paper ?—Certainly ; but there is no alternative, provided the market rate of in terest should advance beyond the maximum allowed by law; then it would become necessufy to limit the amount or description of bills to be received by the Bank for discount. Have you ever seen that alteration in the market rate of interest, that discounting at five per cent., the extent to which the law enables you to go, would not meet ?—Not since the peace. Supposing there was no maximum rate of interest, could you check the demand for discount gradually by advancing the rate of interest ?—I think that in such case, by advancing the rate of interest, that effect might be produced. In 1523, during the height of the panic, when you raised the interest to five per cent., what effect did that produce ?—None whatever. Do you mean that the same amount of discounts took place after that as before ?—Yes, I should think at that period a much larger amount of discounts. What was the reason at that time that induced the Bank to raise it ?—As I was not in the Court at that time, I cannot answer the que,tion. What was the general nature of the securities upon which the Bank advanced 7,000,0001. at that time ?—I believe there were all sorts of securities ; but as I was not a party to the advances at the time, I merely answer from information. When Pole's banking-house stopped, they deposited their title deeds. I believe every sort of security was ten dered to the Bank at that period, upon which ad vances were made without much inquiry as to their nature, provided they were deemed to be eventually secure. Were the advances upon the deposits of deeds considerable ?—I think they must have been consi derable, but the period for which such general ad vances were made, was limited. It appears, from the papers before the Committee, that the Bank is in the habit of buying stock ; is not that a novel practice with the Bank ?-1 merely one sum of 800,0004; that is the only stoG., they possess. Then they are not in the habit of buying nd selling stock ?—They never have so acted. At what period did that purchase take place ? —I think it was about t‘vo years since. Do not you hold it not to be desirable that the Bank should be buyers arid sellers of stock ?—Cer tainly. Do you think it desirable that the Bank should vary frequently their rate of interest, with the altera tion in the market rate ?—No, I think not. I ern of opinion that, with the object of keeping their secu rities fixed and steady in amount, it is not desirable frequently to vary the Bank's public rate of inte rest ; I should deem it to be preferable that the Batik's public rate of interest should he generally above the market rate, and thereby riot interfere with the employment of money actually im existence. llave there been periods when the Bank's rate of interest has been considerably above the market rate of interest, of late years, and what has been the effect ?—Yes, and the effect has been, that the Bank have had very little demand for discount, spe cial cases excepted, for some years past in the Lon don market. Does it not throw a worse description of bills in.o the hands of the Batik?—ln some respects it does; at the same time it enables many persons whose bills, though good, cannot be ditcounted at the mar ket rate of interest, to obtain accommodation from the Bank. Do you not hold that the di., , count of private paper is one of the worst means which the Bank, as a hank of issue, can adopt for regulating its notes ?—Yes ; provided they are adequately supplied with other marketable securities. Upon what grounds do you form that opinion ? Because such a system materially interferes with the action of the private bankers of London ; and further, it tends, in my opinion, to that extension of the cir culation, which might prove prejudicial to the Bank. Then your answer applies only to a state in which discounts can be easily obtained from private bankers ?—lt applies to those periods. Would it not have a considerable effect upon the commerce of the country, if there were a scarcity of cash for discount in the marker, and the Bank of England did not come in to supply that deficiency ? I know no scarcity as affecting the circulation of the Bank of England, except discredit and such as may arise out of the foreign demand for bullion in times of an unfavourable exchange. la case of a deficiency of capital for carrying on the concerns of the country, and that it cannot be procured from private bankers or brokers, would not the aid of the Bank of England in discounting bills be very advantageous to the country ?—I do not know what is meant by a deficiency of capital as respects the Bank. In a time of discredit it is extremely desirable that the Bank should grant the requisite aid to the public, by an increased issue of their notes : and there are times when the Bank may afford considerable facilities to the commercial interests through discounts, by changing a part of their Exchequer-bills into securities of the former character. Then you think that the Bank of England should he a bank of discount only in cases of emergency ? I think so, with the exception above referred to. Is riot the accommodation of discount to the corn merce of the country, one of the main objects for which the Bank has ever been instituted, and for which all banks are instituted ?—As an exclusive bank of issue in the capital, it appeared to me that it cannot beneficially conduct a discount account to any great extent with individuals, except in times of discredit. When the circulation is full, a competition with the bankers would, in all probabi lity, lead to excess, in addition to other difficulties which would occur in the attempt on the part of the Batik of England to regulate their issues through that channel. Then you consider that it ceases to become the paramount duty of the Bank, because there are other bodies, in the shape of private bankers, and so on, that do it ?—Yes, who employ the circulation. What do you consider as the principal function which it is the duty of the Bank to perform ?.—To furnish the paper-money with which the public act around them, and to be a place of safe deposit for the public money, or for the money of individuals who prefer a public body, like the Batik, to private bankers. Are not those functions the functions cf a Go vertmient rather than a private company ?—That is for the Government to determine. Then the benefit conferred is merely the substi tution of paper-money in the place of specie, and not the bi:nefit arising from accommodation to the industrious classes ?—I think the Bank cannot satis factorily offer that accommo.lation while their circu lation is so employed by other establishments. What establishments do you allude to ?—The bankers of London and the country. How do those other establishments manage it, without being issuers ?--By the employment of de posits. Then they employ that money through your notes ?—Yes, they do. By what means does the Bank of England keep its notes in circulation ?—By the securities they hold, or by the bullion they posess. How do they provide for the continual issue of paper ?—By purchase in the market, when any part of that which they may hold is redeemed or paid off. Are those purchases necessary for any public pur pose ?—Yes, for the due regulation of the general currency of the country, and for furnishing an ade quate quantity of paper-money for the purpose of the circulation. Then they take place for the purpose of supply ing the circulation, as a substitute for supplying it by the common means of banking, by giving accom modation to commerce P—The paper-money is chiefly supplied by the Bank of England through the pur chase of securities. [See explanatory answer to the foregoing question in a preceding part.] Are you aware that during the whole of the war, when the interest of money was high, and when five per cent. was rather a low interest to pay, the Bank of England were very large discounters in commer cial paper ?—I believe that the Bank of England could not have been discounters of commercial paper at that period if it had not been for the Restric tion Act. Supposing money to be worth more than five per cent., which during the greater part of the war was the case, and the interest demandable by the Bank being limited to five per cent., would not there na turally have been a great demand upon the Bank for discount ?—Certainly. Do not you think that the Bank of England would have very little answered the purposes of its establishment if it had not been prepared to give circulation to the commerce of the country by means of those discounts ?-1 hold it to be impossible that the Bank can ever, with any propriety, issue upon discounts below the market rate of interest, without leading to an excess. Did not that excess take place during the Bank's restrict ion ?—Certainly. You do not mean that if the Bank had paid in specie it could not have discounted bills, but that it coned not, paying in specie, go on to discount bills under the market rate ?—That is my meaning. Would there be any more danger to the Bank by having its disposable money lent nut upon discounts, than upon any other security ?—Certainly not. . . Did the Bank discount under the market rate d u - ing the Restriction Act ?—I believe so, for the mar ket rate of interest was frequently above five per cent. during the period of the Restriction Act. You do not mean to say that one of the objects of the Bank of England is not to afford accommoda tion to the commercial classes, but what you mean to say is, that you do not consider it advisable that the Bank should found their issue upon commercial discounts, that that is a bad means of establishing the issue, but that, under peculiar circumstances of pressure, the Bank may come forward and assist most materially by discounting private paper ? That is precisely my view. The Batik of England is required to provide a requisite supply of paper money for the average circulation of the sphere in which it ac►s, and to uphold public and private credit when called upon. When commercial credit is affected, it is in such times that the credit of a great body like the Batik of England is available, and has the power to uphold the credit of the country. FROM LAST NIGHT'S GAZETTE. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, Auo._3l. This day the Chevalier de lea BermUdez, Envoy Extraordi nary and Minister Plenipotentiary from the King of Spain, had an audience of his Majesty to deliver letters from his Sovereign : To which he was introduced by Lord Viscount Palmerston, his Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and conducted by Sir Robert Chester, lint. Master of the Ceremonits. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, AUG. 31. The King was this day pleased to confer the honour of Knighthood upon Francis t'algrave, Esq. Civil Companion of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order. HANOVER, AUG. 20. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge has been pleased to appoint the Rev. J. It. Wood to be one of his Royal High ness's Chaplains. OFFICE OF ORDNANCE, Am.:. 31. Royal Regiment of Artillery. Second Lieut. E. W. Crofton to be First Lieutenant, vice Boger, resigned, Aug. 29, Commission by the Vice-Lieutenant of the East Riding of the County of York, and Town and County of the Town of King ston-upon-Hull. J. Tweedy, Esq. to be Deputy-Lieutenant, Aug. 31. DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY. WILLIAM MARSHALL and JAMES ELLIS MAR SHALL, Horton, Bradford, Yorkshire, worsted-spinners. BANKRUPTS. JAMES FRASER, Leadenhall-street, ships-hearth-manufac turer, to surrender Sept. 14, at half-past twelve, and Oct. 16, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson and Weatherall, Temple; Fearnhead and Campbell, Nottingham; Cannan, Lothburv, official assignee. JOSEPH \VLSDEN, Brighton, builder, Sept. 28, and Oct. 16, at one, at the Albion Hotel, Brighton. Colbatch and Upperton, Brighton ; Ranier and France, Bedford-row, London. WILLI A M HEWES, Newark-upon-Trent, Nottinghamshire, miller, Sept. 14, at eleven and at one, and Oct. 16, at eleven, at the Monson's Arms Inn, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire. Shear man, Gray's-Inn, 1 ondon ; Spurr, Gainsburgh. WILT LAM PATTEN, Heaton Norris, Lancashire, druggist, Sept. 24, 25, and Oct. 16, at nine, at the Royal Hotel, Manches ter. Milne, Parry, Milne, and Morris, Temple, London ; Wood, Bullock-Smithy, Stockport. %VILMA M . FR A N CIS, Bristol, builder, Sept. 14 and Oct. 16, at eleven, at the White Lion, Bristol. Goolden, Bristol ; Hen derson, Surrey-street, Strand. BENJAMIN WAKELING PUCKRIDGE, Southampton, coach-maker, Sept. 11, at three, and Oct. 16, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Pope, Gray's Inn-square; Belcher, King's Arms-yard, official assignee. FRANCES SHARP, and LEE 800 THOMAS SHARP, Brighton, lodginghouse-keepers, Sept. 12, at twelve, and Oct. 16, at two, at the Albion Hotel, Brighton. Greene, Brighton ; Sowton, Great James-street, Bedford-row, London. MARMADUKE FOSTER, Liverpool, chemist, Oct. 2 ' and 16, at eleven, at Messrs. Dewhurst and Todd's offices, Preston, Lancashire. Dewhurst and Todd, Preston ; Jeyes, Chancery_ - lane, London. DIVIDENDS. R. Delves, Tonbridge Wells, lodging-house-keeper, Sept. 25, at ten, at the Court of Bankruptcy. It. H. Perks, Moncton Combe, Somersetshire, cheese-factor, Oct. 3, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. It. Thomson and T. I). Mildred, Sun-court, Cornhill, mer chants, Oct. 3, at the Court of Bankruptcy. S. Barnett, Conduit-street, Bond-street, mercer, Sept. 25, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. H. L. Hunt and C. C. Clarke, York-street, Covent-garden, booksellers, Sept. 25, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. C. Gell, Tottenham.court-road, and T. Carman, Mornington place, Hampstead-road, lead-merchants, Sept. 26, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. G. J. Skilbeck and J. Slater, King-street, Cheapside, Man chester-warehousemen, Sept. 26, at half-past one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. I. Hill, Strand, hatter, Oct. 1, at twelve, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. J. Fry, Liverpool, merchant, Sept. 27, at one, at the Clarendon Rooms, Liverpool. W. Wilcox, Walcot, Somersetshire, chair-maker, Sept. 28, at twelve, at the Three Cups Inn, Bath. J. Maggs, Bath, chair-maker, Sept. 27, at twelve, at the Three Cups Inn, Bath. J. Nichols and T. Walter, Skinner-street, ironmonger, Oct. 1, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. W. H. Gardiner, Norton-Falgate, ironmonger, Oct. 1, at ten, at the Court of Bankruptcy. J. Vize, Crawford-street, Bryanstone-square, stationer, Oct. 1, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. R. Embleton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, ironfounder, Sept. 2S, at twelve; at the Crown and Thistle Inn, Newcastle-upon- I'yne. C. Norton, Birmingham, builder, Sept. 26, at one, at the Globe Tavern, Birmingham. W. Lucas, Burpham, Sussex, farmer, Sept. 25, at two, at the Norfolk Arms Inn, Arundel. E. sPGhie and A. Wakefield, Manchester, milliners, Sept. 27, at three, at the Star Inn, Manchester. Nickolls, Birmingham, builder, Sept. 26, at one, at the Globe Tavern, Birmingham. W. Hewitt and 'l'. Hewitt, jun., Kingston-upon-Hull, mer chants, Sept. 26, at twelve, at the George Inn, Kingston-upon- Hull. CERTIFICATES, SEPT. 25. J. Fitch, Halsted Essex, auctioneer and apprai s er. E. Cope, Birmingham, liquor-merchant. J. Fallows, Northfield, Worcestershire, builder. Saunders, jun., late of Austin-friars, and since of Vallery sur-Somme, France, merchant. J. C. Schwieso, Tottenham-s treet, Tottenham-court-road, harp and piano-forte-maker. it . S. Watts, St. Margaret's-hill, Southwark, hop-merchant. J. Bowes, Leeds, flax-spinner. W. Hall, Etruria, Staffordshire, maltster. W. Parker, Worcester, money-scrivener. A. Wright and J. Woodhead, Honley, Yorkshire, dyers. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. it. T. Pellowe and T. Parker, Morpeth-place, Waterloo-road, surgeons C. Ashford and E. Alldridge, Birmingham, cabinet-makers. J. Farish and R. M. Fawcett, Cambridge, surgeons. J. Bullock and E. Hunt, Liverpool, ship-brokers. G. Kissock and J. Sloan, Bath, tea-dealers. w. J. Wilde, \V. Gilbund, and J. Chalk, Brighton, van-pro prietors. J. S. Hassal and G. Garden, Liverpool, underwriters. to .re J. C o llins and J. Gilb er t, W im borne Minster, Dorse , s urgeorm \V. 11. Ogden and C. M. Crighton, Toxteth-par k, Liver p ool, engineers. a t one, at the Black Bull 'lnn. SCOTCH G El o U w E ga S t T e ß , G A I T as I g OZ ; LANG, Sept 10 and 24, JAMES SGC,T SEQRON. COURT CIRCULAR. Their MAJESTIES, accompanied by the Princess Au- Gusra, arrived at the Palace at Kew, shout one o'clock on Monday afternoon, from Windsor Castle. The Duke, Duchess, and Prince GEORGE of Cumberland were wait ing to receive their MAJESTIES. The KING and the Duke of CUMBERLAND rode out together, and afterwards re turned to the Palace, where a dejeune was served. The Royal pary afterwards took an airing in carriages in the Royal Gardens, and also visited the Botanical Garden•. The Royal party dined together at the Palace. Theis MAJESTIES, accompanied by the Princess AUGUSTA, left shortly before ten o'clock at night, on their return to Windsor Castle. _ _ A Conference of the Ministers of the Five Powers was held between four and five o'clock yesterday afternoon, at the Foreign-office. It was attended by the Russian Am bassador, the Prussian and French Ministers, the Austrian Minister (the Baron de Wessenburg) on a special mission, the Austrian Charge d'Affaires, and Viscount PALMERSTON. The Brazilian Minister visited Viscount PALMERSTON yesterday, at the Foreign-office. The Belgirn Minister transacted business at the Foreign office yesterday. The Neapolitan, Bavarian, French, and Brazilian Mi nisters transacted business at the Foreign-office on Monday Viscount MELBOURNE attended at the Home-office on Monday, for the first time since his recovery from his re cent indisposition. MANCHE iTEEt, SEPT• 3. THE CHOLERA RIOTS. The twelve individuals who were apprehended on Sun day evening last, as the ringleaders in the riot and out rage at the Cholera Hospital, in this town, were brought before the sitting Magistrates, this day, to answer the charges to be preferred against them. They were nearly all Irishmen. A number of witnesses appeared against them, who proved that eight of the accused were implica ted in the work of destruction, some in destroying the ve hicles for the conveyance of patients, and others in ex posing the body and begging money in the crowd on behalf of the relatives of the deceased. Four were dis charged, and eight were held to bail in two sureti , s of 201. each to answer any charge that might be brought against them at the Sessions. Being unable to find bail they were committed. After the committal of the rioters, the man Hare, the grandfather of the bay who had been exhumed, whom he in the first instance supposed had been murdered, appeared in Court with the Catholic Priest who endeavoured to appease the fury of the mob at the attack upon the hospital, and Mr. Heron, the solicitor, and Secretary to the Board of Health, and made affidavit before the Magistrates that he believed that his grandson had died of the cholera, and had received every attention from the Medical Board and the surgeons who attended the hospital ; and that the Board were not privy to, in any way, the cutting off of the child's head. This affidavit having been read over and sworn to, Mr. Heron stated to the Magistrates that the head of the deceas-d had been recovered, and placed in the coffin with the body. He was also requested, on behalf of the Board, to apply to the Magistrates for a warrant against Mr. Hobert Oldham, the surgeon who was charged with having decapitated the body. The Board regretted exceedingly that such a dis graceful affair had taken place in the hospital, and they were determined to bring the offender to justice. The Magistrates immediately granted the application, and a warrant against Mr. Oldham was accordingly issued. It appears that the way Mr. Oldham came into possession c f the head was, that he had either bribed or persuaded the nurse, who is an Irishwoman, to say nothing about thy, matter, but she afterwards related the circumstance to some of her own countrymen, who speedily informed the grandfather of the deceased, though he accounts for his exhuming the body by saying he had bad a dream that the child's heed was cut off. Workmen are now busily em ployed in repairing the hospital, but it i 3 hoped that that establishment will be less needed than it has hitherto been ; indeed there are very few cases reported to-day, and for the last week the disease has appeared to be on the decline —thirty and thirty-five cases per day have been very com mon, but to-thy only nine cases and nine deaths are re ported, which includes Saturday and Sunday. In Salford, which is the adjoining township, there are twenty-seven ne-v cases reported to-day. It appears from the affidavit of Hare that he never was denied admission to the hospital. 'Tit. POULETT THOMPSON.—A Committee has been formed in Manchester for the purpose of soliciting Mr. POULETT THOMPSON, the Vice President of the Board of Trade, to become a candidate for the representation of that borough in the new Parliament, but Mr. THOMPSON as yet has not openly declared himself. The present can didates for the honour ate Mr. JOHN THOMAS HOPE, a Tory, and nephew of the Eirl of HorrrouN, Mr. LLOYD, the banker, a C inservative, of the firm of JONES, LOYD, and Co., Mr. MARK PHILLIPS, a manufacturer, (whose partner in trade is a candidate for the southern division of the county of Lancaster,) a Whig, and Mr. WILLIAM CounErr, anything. The favourite candidates are Mr. PHILLIPS and Mr. LLOYD. TOWER HAMLETS.—PLEDGES.--A meet ing of the electors took place yesterday at the Eigle Tavern, in the Mile-end-road, Mr. AVENS in the Chair, to give the Candidates for the borough an opportunity of speaking upon pledges. The ten candidates had been in vited to attend, but only Colonel STANHOPE and Mr. OFFER, had acceded to the invitation. Mr. CLAY hail sent a prior engagement as an excuse. The two candi dates pre-ent approved of the pledges which had been drawn up by the Committee appointed for the purpose, an d addressed the meeting at great length.—Mr. THWAITES mentioned that be hail received a letter fiom Lord ALTIJOKP, stating that his Lordship intended to stand for this borough ; but as he had pledged himself to Northampton, lie could not say whether he should serve for this borough until the registration of that county was completed.—The meeting then broke up. MEMOIRS OF LAFAYETEE.—" We have received a copy of a very remarkable work, just published in Paris, entitled Lafayette, any Revolution of MO,' by a M. B. SAIMANS, who was LAFAYETTE'S Secretary. As its title suggests, it gives an entire biography of the venerable General, who has acted a distinguished part in three revolutions; but its chief interest hinges on the details which it supplies on the part which he and his friends played in the last. Its narrative of late events is so full, that it occupies the whole of the second volume, with a considerable part of the first, and so recent as to furnish us with the proceedings of the movement party during and after the insurrection of last June. Its dis closures, therefore, have all the attractions of novelty, and, if authentic, will enable us better to judge of the fee ings and views of existing persons and parties, than any con temporary work with which we are acquainted."— Times. We are requested to state that a translation of the above important work will be immediately published by Mr. BENTLEY, (late Colburn and Bentley) New Burlington street. GLOUCESTERIANA, NO. 21.—His Royal Highness heard the other day that it war the intention of a certain nobleman " to cut off his heir with a shilling." " Bless my son)," blustered the Duke, " be can never do it. It is madness for him to try to cut off his hair with a shilling. Doesn't he know it's the nature of all money to be blunt ?"—Figaro. On last Sunday night, a field of wheat, the property of W. FILGATE, of Lisrenny, county of Louth, Esq., was not only cut down, but actually carried off the land, leaving no clew whatever to guide to the detection of the perpetrators of this outrage.—Dublin Even. Post. The Saint Sitnonians are, it seems, distin guished by the peculiarity of their waistcoat ; so are the unfortunate inmates of Bedlam ; and were the pattern and the cut the same in both instances, the similarity would be quite appropriate. AMUSING INCIDENT.—III the course of an action tried before Mr. Justice PARKE, at our late Assizes, the question turned altogether on a point of law. Mr. WIGHTMAN appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Pol.tocic for the defendant. When the point was submitte d to his Lordship, Mr. PoLLocx, instead of addressing the Bench in a speech of his own, said he held in hie hand a paper which would have more weight than any thing . he ,, eould offer, and began " An eminent lawyer is of o p inion, and so on, and then, to the amusement o f all p resent, exhibited it with the name of Mr. WIGHTMA at the foot, who was then advocating the other side of the question. Mr. WzawrmaN said that was very bid law, and, whatever opinion ho might once have e ntertained on the point, h e was then of an entirely different opinion ; but the Learned Judge and Mr. POLLOCK a;reed with the opinion formerly expressed by Mr. WIGIITMA N, and which most likely war con ect.—.Lancaster Gazette. c Church,Scotch Church, i T HE SCOTCH CHURCH, LONDON.—It i s ainbe tallo‘v- supposed that there are about 10 0,000 Scotchmen in the metropolis; yet there are in communion with th e Ch urc h of Scotland only six congregations, v:z. : t h e S cotc h ( C ;h h a u t r i c w h ell ~ L ondon-walls treet; l ; a m the co t Swallow street ; St. Andrew's Scotch Church ; Scotch Stvii ; and Church, the National Scotch Church, Regent -square. The first two have the largest congregations ; but the whole num ber of Scotchmen who are regular attendants at these six churches do not, probably, much exceed 2,000. Oa Mr. TRVING'S expulsion by the Presbytery, the church in Re gent-square was nearly deserted ; but, during the last few weeks, very respectable congregations have assembled there, and the numbers are increasing. The house taken ' , y Mr. litvlso, in Newman -street, Oxford-street, was formerly occupied as the picture-gallery of the late Presi dent WEST. It will seat 1,500 persons. The rent, with that of the house adjoining, which has been taken as a re sidence for Mr. laviso, is 2001 per annum. Not one sixth of the Rev. Gentlem in's followers are Sc itch. About 50 young men apostles of the new faith, preach every day in the streets and lanes of London and the suburbs. A terrific storm occurred ou the 16th tilt. at Silesia, by which 13 villages were re aly entirely destroyed. The hail (some of which are said to have weighed one pound I) covered the ground to the height of half a yard, although the hurricane only lasted a quarter of an hour. This morning, about 1 o'clock, a tire broke out at the house of Arr. DALIty, a hatter, in Holborn, op posite Chancery-lane. The flames extended to the pre mises of Mr. BRAGGS, proprietor of the shooting-gallery, which, together with those belonging to Mr. DALRr, were in a little time destroyed. A subaltern and 30 men of the 70th regiment marched from Kilkenny yesterday to JohnStown, where they h we been ordered by the Government for the purpose of cutting and saving the corn of Mr. LITTLE, one of the jurors, who appears to have incurred much popular obloquy !.), the part he is suppoed to hive taken in that capacity, against one of the Carrickshaugh pris iners. —Kilkenny Moderator. We understand that CHARLES X. and suite will shortly take le we of Scotland. Germany is men tinned as the place of their destination. We believe the exiled family posses: a royal residence in that country ; but it is not unlikely that their intend,d movement is con nected with the political prospec's which are now opened to them in France.—Edinburgh Evening Post. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, SEPT. 3.-.-. The prices of cotton continue very firm; the transactions in the market to-day are stated at 3,000 biles, and com prise 500 B. azils ; B‘hias, 7P. to 81d. ; Maranhams, 71d. to Sid. ; and 2,500 in American descriptions, from Gd. to A tiger shark was caught in Charleston har bour on the 231 July, mevuring 10 feet 6 inches long, and 32 inches through.—American Paper. A respectable farmer, residing in the neigh bourhood of Bedford, missed, some months ago, a silver spoon. Upon kill ng a fit hog, a short time since, the lost article was discovered in the animal's stomach.— Northampton Mercury. A fine young bear passed through this town on Saturday last, on its way to Wynyard Park, Durham, the seat of the Marquis of LONDONDERRY. We under stand that it was sent as a present from Colonel BRAD • DYLL, of Coniston, to the Noble Marquis.—. Kendal Chron. MARCH OF INTELLECT IN THE SOUTH or IREL A ND. —A books- Iler in Limerick thus announces a new publication :—" The numbers, as published, can be had at —, on every Monday in each week." This will remind the render of the Irishman promising to de thing " some Sunday next week." We perceive, from the American Rail Road Journal of Aug. 4, that an American Company have it in contemplation to open a passage for ships through the Isthmus of Panama. " Izy it," says the Journal named, " a navigation of 10,000 miles round Cape Horn would be s ived, and a short and safe opening made to the trade of Peru, Chili, and all the western shores of the Americas, and all the islands of the S nathern Ocean." SINGULAR AND AWFUL VISITATION.— Yesterday an inquest was held at the St. James's Infir mary, Poland -street, on the body of MARY OXFORD, aged 35. The deceased had been engaged as cook in the family of J. H. Powell, Esq., of 33, Old Burlington•street. She came to her situation about 8 o'clock on Friday night in excellent health and spirits, and remarked to Mr. SPARK'S, the housekeeper, that she would be extremely comfortable and happy. She retired to rest about half-past 10 o'clock, having previously supped heartily off some cold mutton and porter. The hour keeper, who occupied a❑ adjoining chamber, went to call her in the morning, when she found the deceased stretched lifeless on the bed in her night clothes. The deceased was quite dead, and had been so for some time. It is conjectured that her death must have arisen from the bursting of some large blood-vessel. Verdict—Died by the visitation of (Jon. A barbarous and atrocious outrage was coin [flitted last week, upon a man named COFFEY, at Knocks,- ville, by a mob of persons, wt:o savagely cut off his ears. —Yesterday week, a large mob of persons, warned off the labourers cf HIND, Esq., and ordered no one, on pain of death, to cut his corn.—At Suntown, in this county, two men took lands under the courts; their houses have then twice attacked since, and the life of one of them, named HINEs, was attempted last week.—On the morning of Sunday last, about seven o'clock, a band of fourteen or fifteen men attacked the house of a man named PETER CROUGIIAN, about half a mile from this town, a nd a.ter searching fur arms, brat him and his wife in a most brutal manner, asking for his CRouGuIAN lies in a desperate state. After this daring and atrocious outrage the party walked quietly off. Westmeath Journal. FEMALE SAILOR.—On Monday evening 3 young sailor, apparently about eighteen years of age, be longing to the Charlotte, of and from Dundalk, at present in our harbour, got so much grog aboard as to be rendered insensible, and in that state was conveyed in a haud-cart to the police office. During the efforts that were made to resuscitate the unfortunate youth from the eff ets of the whisky, the interesting di•covery was made that the ire.. briat ai tar belonged to the fair sex. Since her recovery she appears to be heartily ashamed of her awkward s itu.. anon. The account she gives of herself is the following She says her real name is BETSEY WILSON, but she 0" slimed that of JAMES WILSON during her incognito; th at she is a native of the town of Whitehaven, in Ell' gland ; that nearly five months have elapsed since she first assumed the jacket and trowsers ; that she was robbed of her own clothes in a lodging house in that town, shortly after having left the hospital, where she had been confined by fever; that in her extremity she was induced ba ri% herself out in the clothes of a sailor, who was asleep s ; the time in the same house ; and that, having no friend s or relations to assist her, she resolved upon the novel es; pedient of procuring employment on board of a vess el bound for Ireland, as a sailor. She says she has perform" ed two voyages since assuming the male attire. We My derstand that a subscription has been entered into en dale her to appear in a more becoming dress.—Betjast Chronicle. bruised,t 1 i the and which ytolfienrey theipwtt oenaneesta tshcerae't CASE OF MURDER.—On Monday last, 0 Coroner's inquest was held by Mr. WiraixtEy, upon a boy, between nine and ten years old, who was found oa the Friday evening preceding, a little before 8 o'clock, lying in the ditch by the side of the footpath in Summer" lane, near the brick-ground of Mr. HEATON. It ar peered, from one class of witnesses, that the boy was seer' to fall down suddenly, and no one was near him a t th° moment. A gentleman and lady, who did not previou s '', see him, heard a noise in the ditch, which attracted the attention, and, at their request, a man who was follow 4 them, raised the boy up, and laid him on the bank. Hi ° face was rather bloody, and he was thought to be in a fit'_, Tire person who first saw him fall then came up, an d 0 1 afterwards several boys, from whom the deceased hil t parted about 10 minutes, and they recognized him, and h d home. All the witnesses who spoke to thes e was remove circumstances concurred in stating, th a t no one 01 running away, or had been met by any of them. One '', the witnesses, in describing the fall of the boy, said W e he fell on his head, as if he were going to dive in t:hr water. Upon removing him borne, a wound nearly f e e s a penetrated through hr: ad t rn i t, r die r wt, o li ii u na g wtgt h l: tauaitin t te l dy r t e thoh:vne s e k rbtde u ho l ,ey l ei recai lit. , a iiphe : :t:oo: col it was found on the right side of the bead, just ab'''',l nearly the whole of the brain; hie forehead v i 4 they six or seven yards of the deceased before he fell,-- 3 '",li e ill° who instantly fell threw at him had no weapon in his hand, but went 4, o , the d e c ease d an d took hold of his hand, say i ng (as P'; sandy as he could say it) to the deceased, " I thoug h v should ca t c h you ;" but none o f t h em saw t h e boy L'ir'lri him wh en on t h e groun d. S ome o f t h em , h oweve r,c° , - he not undertake to ray whether the boy did any thing t° a ll deceased or not. Wh.rt is very extraordinary is, that el , these witn esses , exce pt o n e , c oncurred in saying that tPO4 were sure the gentleman and lady were not passing , 0 , that no one but the boy was near the deceased ; and ° fr o I ral of them, though they must have been within 3 At yards of eacli other, did not see the others. The d e ry returned a verdict of ~ W ilful murder against some Po, son or persons unknown." It was the opinion of the geons who eximined the body, that the wound might "-jiff been inflicted by a bullet from an air gun, or by a f ° ,. u o ili instrument; but though the head was twice most care',, i examined, no bullet was found. A reward of 25 : 2 .11 ir offered for the discovery of the offender.— Aris s tninylram Gazette.