The Sun. — London, England, 1832-01-03 00:00:00

aught by (accroche) the fastening of the win dow." In another passage, an account was given of the funeral procession to St. Dents, in which it was said, that the Abbe de Pel tier, in an energetic discourse, declared that " the Prince was innocent of his death in the sight of God." The deposition finishes in a phantasma goric scene (and here, said M. Lavaux, I am asto nished that I appear alone at this bar; I am, in deed, surprised that an Hon. General (General Lembot) has not promptly placed himself by my side, to demand justice for an infamous calumny). The words are these—" Intensely occupied with this momentous event, sleep came upon me—all at once I beheld the shade of the departed Prince. Persevere,' said he, the monsters had resolved on my death for several days; notwithstanding the darkness of my cell, I immediately recognised their chief—he has the audacity of Catiline united with tht strength of Hercules. I would not suffer him in my Palace ; and I perished by a horrible death, not w►thstanding my deep groans.' " See the calumny which they have dared to cast against General Lambet, who, as he has since proved, was at the Palais Bourbon, at Paris, on the night of the Prince's death. See how they wish to prejudice the public npinion : see the means employed against those of the household to frighten them. It does not seem that such insinuations should have force before a Court of Justice. However, the tri bunal of Pontoise issued a new process. On the 28th of November Madame de Feucheres had written to the Attorney-General, complaining of the calumnies of which she was the object. and to demand that the process should be continued, and if that process were completed, it was owing to her, for she pointed out 23 witnesses of whom marry had shewn themselves hostile to her. But to reach the end which MM. de Rohan desired, it became necessary to atop the process, because the fables drawn from the libel could not be laid before the Judge of Instruction and the King's Attorney,who had commenced the preliminary proceedings ; and there was no hope of estal , fishing the infamous ca lumny which had been directed against Madame Feucheres, and which evsn stated the precise sum received by the physicia a to be 100,000 f. The advocate here notices a sew attempt made by the publishers of the libel, who sent to Madame Feu- cher.% the first proof of I pamphlet, entitled " The Mysteries of St. Leu," containing an announcement of a complete biography of Madame de Feucheres. That lady contented herself with communicating this libel to the Attorney-General. The Court finally directs the instruction to pro ceed. M. le Conseiller (le la Huproye was named reporter. " I should be glad to believe," said M. Lavaux, " that this magistrate had forgotten the an cient sentiments of the emigration, and his venera tion for the Princes de Conde, which induced him to reject the idea of the suicide ; but I must say that never in a criminal instruction were so many facili ties given to a civil party." It was necessary, in the first place, to demonstrate the existence of a crime ; and here the advocate en ters into topographic details, from which resulted the impossibility of any person gaining access to the apartments of the Prince by the grand corridor, be cause the valet de chambre had the key, and the door was, besides, bolted on the inside. But it was said there was a private staircase; and this staircase, it had been repeated to satiety, led to the apartrnsnt of Madame de Feucheres. Nothing could be more devoid of truth. It was as base a falsehood as pos sible. To reach Madame de Feucheres' apartment six doors must be opened; two cotridors and a bit h ing-room, entirely separated from the apartment of that lady, must be passed through. Perhaps, gen. tlemen, in your religious zeal for the administration of justice, you would like to go to St. Leu. It is there that this calumny will be detected. 13:sides, a new obstacle would still be presented to the person who desired to enter the Prince's chamber by the private staircase ; the door was bolted, and Madame de Feucheres, when she wished in the morning to get in, ‘s as obliged to have the door opened by the valet de chambre, who had en- tered with the physician by the grand staircaso. It is true that the closing of the bolt might he explained by the aid of M. Mery de la Fontaine's silk riband; hut an experiment made by him on a door, which did not shut properly, prove: nothing ; and I do not know whether such an idea ever entered into any one's mind before. It has been said that some days after the Prince's death, the Count de Joinville found in the private staircase a silk stay-lace, which might very w,ll have been applied to such a purpose ; and M. de Joinvillo declared in the instruction that he never found a stay-lace. M. Lavaux arrives at the moral proofs which had been adduced to show the impossibility of suicide, and produces on this point many extremely impor tant depositions made before the Conseiller Instruc- teur by several of the Prince's household. Thus, M. de Laville Gonthier, being asked whether, sup posing the Prince to have contemplated suicide, he would not rather have employed a sword or a pistol for the purpose, replied,—a sword is not so sure; the Prince had not pistols, and dared not ask for any ; a musket is not convenient for suicide. General Lambot attributes the suicide of the Prince to three principal causes :—first, the misfor tunes of his family ; second, the fear of having gone too far in his adhesion to the new system ; third, his internal torments. M. de Choulot being asked respecting the Prince's horror of suicide, declares that he had heard the Prince say, that being at La Vendee during the " hundred days," he had imagined that some per son intended to blow out his brains. Question. " Do you think that if the Prince had committed sui cide he would not at least have left some writing? —To reply to that question, it would be necessary to consider the moral state of the Prince on the 26th of August., and I was not that day at St. Leu." Such are the opinions of intelligent per.ons attached to the Prince; and it ought also to be added, that all the observations of physicians prove, that with old people the most common kind of suicide is strangulation. It results also from the declarations of the post master of Leu, that one of his relations having hanged himself is the month of January, 1830, from one of the hooks which supported cross-be ims of the window, the Prince inquired respecting the details with so much eagerness, that after the death of the latter he could not help exclaiming—" It was, then, for the purpose of hanging himself, that he asked me all that." The Prince's awkwardness, and his incapability to tie the knots of his cravats, had been dwelt on ; and the instruction proved, that every evening he tied his night cravat himself, and that the knots found round - his neck were the same kind as those which he usually made. It has been said, that he could not raise his left arm to attach the cravat to the fastening of the win dow-sash ;it has been forgotten that there remained his right arm ; and that besides, raised on a chair, he reached exactly that height of the fastening, which was exactly six feet four inches from the chamber floor. It has been asserted that the Prince could not get on the chair, though he was able to mount his horse every day; and the letter of Rheims seems to have been forgotten, for in that letter the Prince describes, with much grace, his facility in scaling the estrade of the throne. The echymoses of the legs have been appealed to, for the purpose of proving the violence which had been used towards the Prince ; and yet it is proved t h at t h e physician Bonie detected a swelling in those parts, which rendered excoriation likely to take place on the slightest contact. To the moral proofs of suicide, there has just been added a physical one, which the modesty of the physicians concealed in the first certificate, when there were no contradictions, and which they have since affirmed. After having thus, in spite of the evidence, found the crime, the next thing necessary' was to find the criminals. At first General Lambot was marked out, and afterwards Madame de Feucheres ; and to render the imputation moue probable, an a ttempt I was made to prove that Madame de Feucheres had struck the Prince. It was then that I could not contain myself, and I cried out against the calumny. See the machinations which they got up on this occasion They brought forward the woman Gou verneur to depose to this fact; but it appears from the interrogatory of M. *****, and the confronting of the witnesses, that the allegation was completely refuted. " See thus," continued the Advocate, " the matter on which they relied for that which they dared to call the crime of the 11th of August."— The Advocate concluded his statement by laying be fore the Tribunal several interrogatories addressed to witnesses by the Counseiller Instructeur ; and particularly the examination which Madame de Feu cheres underwent for three hours, and remarked on the moral violence offered to this lady by her un pitying judge, and the answers, full of dignity and nobleness of mind, of his fair client. PI. Lavaux concluded this part of his speech with an analysis of the circumstances connected with what M. Hennequin termed the crime of the 18th of Au gust, with the blows which Madame de Feucheres gave the Prince in a dispute, and with the wound which she caused in his right eve. The advocate reminded the Court that it was a female named Gou verneur who said she had the particulars of this scene from the Sieur Obry, Inspector-General of the Department of the Chase, who was present; he read the deposition of the woman Gouverneur, the depo sitions of Messrs. Pichonieur and Namur, to whom this female had repeated the words of M. Obry ; lastly, the two interrogatives of M. Obry himself. The following is the close of M. Obry's first de position : " The only thing the Prince told me, on the 9th of Au gust, was this :—That he was very happy that the Duke of Orleans was there to take the reins of Government ; that for him he had been very unfortunate; and he added, at my age, moreover, these things are for others, not for me.' This is the whole truth. I learnt from Gouverneur that, in conversation with Man,ury, he made to her the dis closure which she made to me. If the Prince had re fused his confidence in me, I would not hesitate to declare it, as I have declared all I know rcl itive to this fatal event. To the family of Conde I owe my own existence and that of my family. " Tee death of the Prince has made so deep an im pression in all hearts, that whatever relsted to it was matter of constant conversation, and it is not surprising, thst excited by the misfortune, many persons collected to gether the slightest circumstances in order to give some consistency to suspicions." The second interrogatory put to M. Obry is in hese words : " Q. You have declared you came to St. Leu since the events of July, with the permission of M. de Choulot, to pay your respects to his Royal Highness. According to you, it was on the 9th of August; it would appear that it must he the 11th ?—A. 1 went to St. Leu the day of the Royal Sitting, and I can bring forward proof of it. " Q. It would appear, from the deposition of some witnesses, that yon went to St. Lett, and there saw the Prince, the very diy on which he received a c o ntusio n of the eye. When M. Bonie, the Prince's surgeon, ap peared to offer his services, he was told to come by-and by ; that the Prince was engaged in business with you. Manoury says that whet, you left the Prince, he found him with h;•a feet bare and in great agitation. If it was on that day that you arrived at St. Len, you could not have remarked the accident which had happened to his left eye ?—A. When I went to S-. Leo, I remarked no contusion on the Prince's eye : he was not bare-footed, and he received me in his ante- room. " Q. The woman Gouverneur and Picbonnier depose that you communicated to them in confidence, to the one towards the close of last January, to the other six weeks or twf . - , months ago, that having been at St. Leu a few days tieforo the death of the Prince, he stated to you, enjoining ou to keep it a profound secret, that Madame de Feucheres was a had woman, that she had struck him ; and he told you, pointing to his left eye, See the condition in which she has placed me?'—A. I swear again, upon my honour, aat in the course of conversation with which the Prince honoured me on the 9th of August last, the day of the Royal Sitting (I had not the honour of seeing him after wards), I observed nothing about his eye; he did not utter the name of Madame de Feucheres, nor did he utter the words ' had woman,' nor did he say, ' See the condi tion in which she has placed me.'" * After a speech which occupied five hours, the Court rose at a quarter to three o'clock. Next Friday M. La vaux will go on with the discussion of the case. This passage in brackets is from the report in Le National. The rest of the trial is taken from the report in the Constittt tionrzel. FRENCH PAPERS. CHAMBER QF DEPUTIES, DEL . . 29. FRENCH CITIL LIST. M. de Schonen, the Reporter (Chairman) of the Committee, began by explaining the difficulties the Committee had met with in their researcher, and the extent of their labours, of which, he said, the Chamber could judge. Coming to the King's Pa lace:, he said, France gives, as the endowment of the Crown, to her King at Paris, the Tuileries and the Louvre Palaces, being consecrated to the abode of the King, and which can only be suitable to them as the representatives of the majesty of the French people. In the departments, the castles and parks of Ver.ailles, llarly, Meudon, St. Cloud, St. Germain, Fontainebleau, Compiegne, Rambouillet, and Pau. Pau is to be given on the same terms as the jeu de paume of Versailles, and all the endowments, with some subtractions to benoticed hereafter, are the same nearly as those of 1791 and 1814. We have all been struck with the accumulation of these castles in a narrow circle ! and we asked what was the method of reducing them, and what should we re duce ? St. Cloud must necessarily be the residence of the King in summer ; Meudon is only a detached pavilion ; the castle of Marty is no longer in exist ence. As for the two Trianons, they are situated in the middle of the park at Versailles. If they are not preserved, they mu:t be demolished, and who will buy them ? The year 1793 shunned that insult to the fine arts, and can we, in the 19th century, voluntarily charge ourselves with this destruc- tion ? No, gentlemen, we will leave it only to time to accomplish this work, and the later the better. Besides, the King has a young and nume ous family; they must soon be provided for; these houses,—these parks, —may be granted by parental solicitude,l and then the dowers may be less, while the family will not be separated. After having en dowed the crown with real property, we come to the preservation of such establishments as the mann ficiures of Sevres, the Gobelins, and Beauvais. These establishments are the pride of the country and the admiration of foreigners. If they are costly to the King, they will be so to the State, if con nected with it; for it is impossible to destroy them. Remember the hundreds of workmen to whom they give bread. The money of the Crown can have no more proper destination. It is the preservation of an industrious, moral, and intelligent population, who only desire to live by their labours. The Com mittee has not lost sight of what is due to agricul ture.' It has collected an account of detached pieces of ground, which amount in value to 18,282,200 francs, which being formerly stated at ten, the Committee propose a reduction more than the Government of 8,000,000 of francs. All these pieces may be sold. They were removed from com petition, and cost money for guards, so that a double advantage will be obtained by selling them. The King, before his accession, being then only Duke of Orleans, had his private fortune divided into free property and appanage. In France, under the domi nion of our ancient laws, as well as those of 1790 and 1814, the principle that the private property of the Prince who su ccee d s t o th e throne falls to the S ate is quite clea r . A s to t h e ap p anage , th e c a s e is still clearer ; be cause t h e property o f w hi c h i t cons ists is a temporary dismemberment of the property of the State in favour of a junior Prince, and the male descend ants in the order of primogeniture, in order to en able him to maintain his rank with honour and dig nity. The appanaged Prince, on arriving at the throne, has no longer any need of an appanage. A civil list is granted him; his appanage goes back to the property of the State. These are the principles of the subject ; they go back to the first ages of the monarchy, and are the conservators of the public fortune. Our Parliaments made it their glory to maintain them, by the justice of their decrees, and the severity of their remonstrances; they were scan dalously violated by the famous Senatus Consultus of January 30, 1810. In 1814 returned to a wholesome theory. U n d e r th e i ence of their last law, the acc e s s ion o f Au g ust , 1830, took dlil l place. And the Counsellors of the King were sen sible of it, causing the King, on the morning of that day, to make over all his personal property to his younger children, reserving only the life interest. The endowment which France makes for her King ought to be worthy of it and of him. The first representative of the nation ought to have no equal. In the name of liberty, and even of equality they ought to be submi-sive, like us, to the laws. We consent that he alone shall rise above us. On this point we were unanimous, though we differed as to the sum. Some wished 14,000,0001.; others, 12,500,000 f. All the members were not agreed as to these sums; the but the votes, when taken, were found to be equal these two sums. Remark the progress already made. The civil list of Charles X. was 35,500,00 V.; the present civil list will not be more than 15,000,0001., including 1,000,000 f. for the Prince Regent. More over, 11,0001. of real property will be substracted from the former endowments. These are important reductions-20,.500,000r. annual charge, and the value of 18,000,000 f. capital returned to com merce, or to the public service. We may dread larger reductions could not give relief, and might excite disturbance. The reporter concluded by reading the project of the law, which we shall give hereafter. CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES, DEC. 30 The discussion of the hill relative to the pensions of the officers promoted during the 100 days was resumed. After a desultory conversation between M. Janbert (the reporter), General Lamarque, the Minister of War, and M. Salverte, in which the Hon. General took occasion to complain of the ne glect shown by the Government towards those who had signalized themselves in the wars to which France owed her military glory, and the pro digality with which croses and ribands were lavished on those who could produce no such claims to them, and the Minister of War defended the Administra tion from the imputations cast upon it, the general discussion was declared to be closed. The various articles enacting that officers re established in the ranks to which they were pro moted during the hundred days should be allowed, in reckoning the time of service requisite to entitle them to a retiring pension, to count the time since 1815, during which they have only enjoyed the rank which they held previous to such promotion, as having been pa=sed in the rank to which they were then promoted, and that pensions granted to such officers since 1815 should he subject to revision, and to be increased to the amount to which their superior rank would entitle them, and that the widows and orphans of such officers as were dead should be entitled to similar privileges, were succes sively adopted, and the ensemble of the Bill was ' passed by a majority of 161 against 111. M. Thiers then brought up the report of the Committee on the Budget. This report, which oc cupied two hours and a half in reading, entered into very lengthened details on every point of political tconomyaffected by the question under consideration. As all the arguments and statements of the Hon. Deputy will be reproduced when the report is brought under discussion, it will be sufficient at this moment to give the results of the labours of the Committee. The budget, as proposed by Govern ment, consists of the following items, as constituting the ordinary expenses :- 1. The public debt 1r.345,451,517 2. Dotations to the Chambers, the Civil List, and the Legion of Honour 4,602,417 3. Reimbursements, premiums 49,989,445 4. General services of the Ministers 444,724,800 5. Expenses of collection 118,211,833 Total Fr. 955,980,011 From this the Committee propose the following re duc,ions in the estimates of the various departments of Government. The salaries of all the Ministers are reduced to 80,000 f. each, except that the 'Mini sters for Foreign Affairs and of the Interior are al lowed an additional 20,000 f. for expences of enter. tainments. In the department of the Minister of Justice, the number of Coors Royales will be dimi nished. The amount of the reductions in the Mini stry will be 311,000 f., or 719,000 f. if the suggestion of the Committee relative to the diminution of some of the pensions be adopted. In the department of Foreign Affairs the salary of the Ambassador at Lon don will be reduced from 3,000,000 f. to 2L0,000f.; that at Vienna, from 230,000 f. to 200,000 f.; those of Rome and Madrid to 100,000 francs. Se veral of the Embassies will be entirely suppressed. The total of thee reductions will come to 582,300 f. In the department of Public Instruction and Wor ship, 904,7171. In that of the Minister of the Interior the only reduction proposed is 40,0001. in some of the salaries and appointments. In that of ►he Minister of Commerce and Public Works, the reductions in the office of the Ponts et Chaussees, the stud houses, the prefectures, and other divisions, will amount to 1,336,6111. In the War Department, the only diminutions that can be made are in the number of men, the works on the fortresses, the provision and ammunition, and in the staff. In this latter branch the present number of General Officers is so great, that the Committee proposes a clause, enacting that not more than one vacancy in three that may occur shall be filled up. These reduction will be 3,051,000 f. In the marine, reductions in the armaments, the works and the staff, to the amount of 1,556,000 f. In the department of the Finances, the Board of Lottery will be sup pressed. In the Court of Accounts, the receivers-'' general, the paymasters, and the deputy-collectors, will be reduced, making a saving of 2,469,0541. Thus the total amount of reductions, taking all the departments together, will be 20,659,082 f., reducing the budget to 954,320,230 f. for ordinary expenses, independent of the 2,800,000 f. for the completion of the fortifications. The report was ordered to be taken into consi deration after the decision, of the civil list.—Ad- jotuned. Extract of a letter from Rimini, dated the 18th inst. :—" The Cardinal Albani has arrived here as legate a latere, invested with extraordinary powers for the Government of the Legations. Wishing, before he entered upon the duties of his office, to know the extent of the forces placed at his disposal, he desired Colonel Bentiveglio to have his troops reviewed in his Eminence's presence, and then to deliver over to him the muster-rolls. They amounted to 3,400 men, of whom 600 were without uniforms; and the Colonel reported that the desertions were not less than eight or ten a-day, the recruits from Rome not being sufficient to supply the vacancies thus made. It is imagined that the Cardinal, in order to obtain the acknowledgment of the Pope's authority in these provinces, will be compelled to temporize with the opposition, who are every where ready to resist with energy the Papal troops. The obstinate resistance displayed by the Bolognese against the forces which threaten them excites asto nishment. At all events the legations are lost to the Holy See: they will either establish an independent Government, or become subject to Austria." The Diario di Roma of the 17th instant, contains a Papal Edict, dated the 15th, and countersigned Bernetti, strongly censuring the non-adoption of the new code of criminal proceedings in Bologna (men tioned in the Message,' of the 9th instant), annull ing the proclamation of the Judges and Advocates by which the Courts were closed, ordering the im mediate resumption of judicial proceedings in the new form, and authorizing the Pro-Legate of Ferrara to nominate provisionally a new President and six Judges of the Court of Appeal, in the event of those now in office continuing refractory. The Berlin State Gazette of the 24th instant, an nounces the arrival of the Prince and Princess Albert of Prussia in that capital from the Hague, and of Prince William from Cologne. No new cases of cholera occurred on the 23d. Prussian Four per Cent:, on the same day were 931; ditto Five per Cents., 1822, English Loan, 1001. The Austrian Observer of the 21st instant, states the number of persons attacked by the cholera at Praf,oie, since its first breaking out to December 15, was fifty-six, of whom twenty-two had died. At Vienna there were two new cases on the 20th. Me talliques, Five per Cents. Dec. 20, were 85 2-sths ; ditto Four per Cents., 75k. The Nuremburg Correspondent of the 24th in stant, contains the following, dated Hnnover, Dec. 13:-" We also have now a political Gazette, which had hitherto been entirely wanting to us, so that we were obliged to seek our foreign news in the Cassel or Hamburg Papers. The Editor of this Journal is AI. Pertz, a man of talent and extensive learning. Here, as well as at Brunswick, the late ordinance of the German net relative to the liberty of the Press has been officially published, whilst no thing of the kind has yet been done in the Electo rate of Hesse, where the power of enacting such ordinances seems to be entrusted to the Diet by the Hessian States." The Odessa Journal, in giving an account of the funeral s rvice for Count Capo d'l-tria, adds, with much naivete-" This illustrious man belonged not to Greece alone, but also to Russia, as it is well proved by his conduct." We have received a file of the Corfu Gazelles up to the 3d instant, but they contain no intelli gence of interest. FRENCH FUNDS.-PARTS ' Dec. 31.-Five per Cent s . 96f. 50 c. 40c. 45c. 35c. 40e. 30c. 96f. 96f. 10c, 96f. sc. 10c. 96f. 9iif. 10c. 25c. 20c. 10e. 96f. 95f. 90c. SOc. ; Three per Cents. ' WE 30e. Sc. 10e. 68f. 67f. 95c. 90c. 85c. 80e. 67f. 75e. '7oc. 8 9 c. Ssc. 95c. 6Sf. 68f. bc. 681 67f. 95c. 90c. 50c. 40c. 25c. ; Rente de Naples, 77f. 40c. 77f ; Royal Spanish Loan, 78 7714 ; Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 58 57% V, 1.; 14 57 ; Exchange on London, one month, paper, 251. 35c. • money, 2511 35c.; three months, p a p er 2511 ?O c. ; money, 25f. 20c.-Coors Asethentipe. BRAZILIAN FINANCE. (From the Brazilian Gazette, October 18.) DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE. Illustrious and Excellent Senhor,—l submitted to the Chamber of Deputies by order of the Regency, and in the name of the Emperor, a proposition to the efftet that autho rity be given to the Government for paying off the debts posterior to the year 1826, the issuing of Treasury bills, and purchasing the copper indispensable for various ex penses ; and as that proposition has hitherto been cussed, lam commanded by the Regency, in the Em peror's name, to request; through the medium of your Excellency, that the Chamber will ma k e th e necessary provision for the said ohjeets. The subject of this proposition cannot fail to be found as worthy of the serious attention of the General Assembly as it his of the Government. Applications are daily made by creditors of the Go vernment, and the Treasury hesitates to pay them, 1),- cauke, on reference to the law of the 15th 13,,cember, 1830, it appears that the necessary authority is wanting. It is not possible to calculate the full amount of the debt from the information at present possessed by the Treasury ; but from what is already ascertained, the debt of this province may he stated at 400,000 milreas ; and that of Rio Grande do Sol is of equ .1 extent. Santa Catherina, S. Paulo Goyaz, Matto Grosso, and Espirito Santo, ought to possess the means of defraying their cur rent expenses, which they have not. Para, G2ara, and S-rgripe, are not in better circumstances, as is proved by the last despatches received from them. It is proper I should here assure the assembly, that the Government would he happy if the revenues of the pro. vinces to the north of the Rio Doce were sufficient for covering their expences, the security of the frontiers, and the payment of the interest of the Brazilian loans, the pro. viding for the mortgaging the Brazilian loans, for the in terest and mortgage of the Portuguese loan, for the inte rest and mortgage of the public domestic debt; the ex pences of the diplomatic body and the Consuls, and the expences of the provinces to the south of the Rio Doce (of which only Minas Geraes and Rio Grande do Sul promise trifling surplusses), remaining in that case at the charge of the Treasury. Unfortunately, the public revenue has sus tained a considerable diminution, and the Treasury baring been unable to assist the provinces as is required by law, it becomes necessary to make provi.ion for many and large expences. O❑ this account no remittance has been made for the payment of the foreign loans, the 8111114 required to make good the deficits of the provinces of St. Paulo, Goyaz, Matto Grosso, Espirito Santo, and Santa Catharina, have not been supplied, and some grants to the Naval and Home Departments for the packets remain due. From the increase of the public revenues little is to be hoped, for it is the infallible result of a revolution that in dustry should he paralysed. The Government flatters it self with the prospect of the future progress of the national wealth ; but the present wants, for the supply of which it is necessary that means should be found, are great. The issue of Treasury-bills, which at the time when the propo sition was made appeared sufficient, will not now produce the desired effect, because there is a real deficit, and our public funds have fallen from 74 and 75 to 44 and 40. Under these circumstances, a loan contracted according to the stipulations of the law of the 15th of November, 1827, could not fail to prove very prejudicial. The agio on the notes for copper continues, notwith ' standing that the Government has ordered the augmenta tion of those for small values. There are expenses which cannot be paid in any other money: and the persons em • ployed in the public service call upon the Treasury to pay them in copper, reduced in proportion to their salaries, ac cording to the difference of the money in which they are paid. The Tre isury cannot with propriety refuse these just claims, as the coining of copper money has now been suspended during three months. God preserve your Excellency, &c. BERNARDO PEREIRA DE VASCONCEL. Oct. 18, 1831. To Senhor Antonio Pinto Chichorro da Gama. ALTUORP, SUNDAY.—A fire broke out in Lord SPENCER'S house this morning, when the family were in chapel. It was soon got under, with no other damage than the partial burning of a back stairca.e. It was certainly accidental, owing to the over-heating of a flue ; and it is desirable that this should be known, in order to anticipate the report of its being by an incendiary. The family are all quite well. We have authority to state that Lord LYND- Ituftsr has not been sitting as Lord Chancellor, or in any way to assist the CHANCELLOR during his absence. Lord LYNDHURST adjourned the Court of Exchequer from Gray's•lnn Hall, on account of the cold, to Lincoln's-Inn Hall, where he at two days hearing the cause of " SMALL and ATTWOOD," since the CHANCELLOR left town. We understand that there is an intention among the British residents in Paris to hold a meeting for the pur pose of opening a subscription in aid of the suffering clergy of the Established Church in Ireland. We expect to be enabled to give more particular notice of this in the course of next week.— Galignani's Messenger. THE ETTRICK SHEPHERD.—JAMES HOGG, the Ettrick Shepherd, was discovered by some of his countrymen, on Sunday, in Mr. IRVING'S chapel, so that the Nectes Atathroaianst must cease for a season, since the life and soul of it is transferred to this city. The Shepherd is a decent-looking man, abort the common :size, and ap parently only a little past the meridian of life, with a fair, fresh, and rather ruddy complexion. lie was wrapped in his shepherd's plaid, and seemed deeply attentive to the speaker. RfoAu.n—d its way w is ay to i o nto ttar iad th di a n l gt t a h a e . epidemic its mle first appearance on the 17th there have bean fifteen cases, cholera and C fiv i t e ° d hLa ea Es ths. There are various reports as to its trans mission from Newcastle , but none of them p robabl y , de serve much credit. If it did come from thence, the ques tion is, how it should have passed over so many inter veningtowns, with which Newcastle has fifty times more to intercourse. as san epidemic or Whatever by eaa contagion, i eits aitsorigin, proximity w he whether r at presentithacome our city certainly multiplies the chances of attack here ; and there is double reason for every one guarding himself as effectually as he can against the circumstances which favour its operation. At Gateshead, which is a very low and dirty place, anti merely divided from Newcastle by the Tyne, it has broken out with excessive virulence.-- Scotsman. HERRING FISHING.—The herrings, long looked fur, have at length appeared in the Firth in such abundance, as to astonish even the fishermen themselves. Early yesterday morning a shoal of such density and ex tent appeared off Inchkeith, as, in the words of BuFros, " changed both the colour and appearance of the ocean." The fishermen promptly pushed off to the spot, and in a short time ye a i s e e s ve ral were othemt verging he gtaagiwrr great aat bo rhtg a etu t h s o loaded, upem s osritt:eriori that the e of the A great number of hawke rs were wa i ting, and n ere soon bought up. The abu n d ance of tthepshuoeobr.r. rings may be considered a great public blessin g a t t hi s t i me n of of they h h ae e tye g rw u . besidesh se o x i e e s s matar affording o food,r t d their ir subsistence by hawkin g t h e m through the country.—S co t s - non . f eassn b d ot f h owr p s o t e f a o n p d t l i i e o s a t l r . ?+~ THE BRISTOL RIOTS. SPETIAL COMALISSION. BRISTOL, JAN. 2, SEVEN O ' CLOCK A.M. This city displays features almost the same as those it wore on the memorable occasion of my former visit. Non', as then, is the eye arrested by the mournful memorials of frantic outrage—the immediate resources of civic power are ostentatiously paraded —troops are concentrated,—and the minds of many are shake❑ by an apprehension of Ling,r which I, in common with not a few of the best informed among the inhabitants, believe to be entirely groundless. The 52d Regiment has been ordered off to Ireland. The first division left Bristol on Saturday; the second will de part on Wednesday. Yesterday morning the 7th R giment of Infantry (Fusilers) marched into town, escorted by a goodly sample of the mobility. There is still a detach ment of the 14th Light Dragoons at Clifton. The arm of justice is also strengthened by the presence of horse•ar tillery with two field-pieces, and it is stated, though I should suppose incorrectly, that portions of the 75th and of another foot regiment are on their way hither from Plymouth and Portsmouth. Major-General Jackson con tinues in the military command of the districr. . . Colonel Brereton reeived a copy of the charges against him yesterday. The court-martial commence active ope rations against him next Monday. Captain Lewis, against whom a coroner's inquest re turned a verdict of manslaughter for shooting the boy Morris at the close of the riots, has surrendered himself to gaol, to take his trial. His, it is thought, will prove an interesting ca4e. There has been an influx of lawyers. Among the ar rivals of yesterday were the Attorney-General and Mr. Serjeant Wilde. The Judges are to be accommodated in a house in Park-street. A building in Great George street, purchased some time back by the corporation, has been fitted up as an official residence for the Mayor. In three hums the Judges are expected to make their public entrance. ENTRANCE OF TIIE JUDGES. About nine o'clock groups of well-dressed persons began to move towards the Bath-road, for the purpose of wit nessing the arrival of the Lord Chief Justice, Sir Nicholas C. Tindal, and the assistant Judges, Sir J. B. Bosampiet and Sir W. E. Taunton. The line of spectators termi nated at Totterdown, the place where Sir Charles Wethe rell experienced the first symptoms of hostility from the mob. At Totterdown the High Sheriffs of the city, George Bengough and Joseph Lax, Esqrs., with the Under sheriff, J. Ody Hare, Esq., attended by their officers, waited to receive the Judges. There was not the least symptont of turbulence or confusion to be perceived in any quart-r. The Judges made their appearance about half past ten o'clock, in two chariots and four, and were handed into a carriage and four prepared for their conveyance into town. The procession then moved slowly through a lone line of special constables, marshalled and directed by Mr. Dow ling, superintendant of the metropolitan police. Although not a soldier was to be seen, the procession reached the Court-house unaccompanied by the slightest occurrence tending to disturb the decorum befitting the progress of the administrators of the laws of a great, free, and en. lightened country. OPENING OF THE COURT. At two o'clock the Judges took their places on the Bench. There were about 500 persons, including a con siderable number of special constables, in Court. The following gentlemen were sworn of the Grand Jury : Thomas Kington Baillie, John Heron Foreman, John Manningford Charles Bowles Fripp William Morgan Thomas Hill Richard Ricketts William Forde John May William Watson Joseph INietford, jun. Thomas Daniell, jun. John Acreman Adam Holden Daniell Fripp Joseph Russell Henry Seeley James Moore Robert Edward Case John Tomlinson Thomas Wilkinson Radcliffe James Lee Peter May. The Loan CHIEF JUSTICE then proceeded to deliver the following charge : Gentlemen of the Grand Jury,—We are assembled on the present occasion, by virtue of the Special Commission of his Majesty, for the purpose of inquiring into, hearing, and determining, cert un charges of no ordinary stamp and character, founded upon acts of tumultuous outrage, violence, and rapine, which have recently taken place in this city. Gentlemen,—l am unable from any informa tion which has been placed before us to assign the cause, or to trace the exact origin of these enormities you are now called upon to investigate. It appears, however, that a few hours before they were committed, a tumul tuary assemblage of the people gathered itself together with an object, and for a purpose, which no honest man or well-wisher to the laws of his country can sufficiently re probate,--I mean the open and avowed purpose of treat ing with insult, and indignity, if not personal violence, a gentleman placed in a high judicial station, bearing the authority of his Sovereign in the administration of the criminal law within this city, and during part of the very time engaged in the actual exercise of his judicial functions. Gentlemen, it is to be collected from the depositions which I have seen, that the cut rages which will form the immediate subject of your inquiry commenced at about the time of dusk on Saturday evening, the 29th of October last, and con tinued, with short intermission, until four o'clock on the Monday morning, when, after the Riot Act had been read, and the persons assembled, notwithstanding the proclama tion, bad refused far more than an hour to disperse them selves, the further progress of the riot was arrested and the tumult entirely suppressed by the vigour of the military called into the aid of the civil magistrate. It is no part of my duty, on the present occasion, to consider whe ther the acts of outrage and rapine which afterwards ensued were caused by the riotous proceedings which oc curred at an early period of the same day, or whether wicked and designing persons, taking advantage of the state of excitement in which the people already were, availed themselves of it to effect their own purposes of de struction and plunder. It may, however, he saf e ly con cluded, that if time excitement which led to the defiance of the law at the early part of the day had never existed, the weightier crimes subsequently committed by the populace would not have taken place ; and it is precisely for this reason that the law of England bath at all times held in the greatest abhorrence riotous and tuomultuary as semblances of the people. Gentlemen, it has been well said, that the use of the law consists,—first, in preserving men's persons from death and vio lence ; next, in securing to then, the free enjoyment of their property, and although every simple act of vio lence, and each individual breach of the law, tends to counteract and destroy this its primary use and object, yet do general risings and tumultuary meetings of the people in a inure especial and particular manner produce this effect; not only removing all security both for the person and property of man, but for the time putting down the l aw itself, and daring to usurp its place. The law of England bath accordingly, in proportion to the danger which it attaches to riotous and disorderly meetings of the people, made ample provision for preventing such offences, and for the prompt and effectual suppression of them when ever they arise ; and I think it may not be unsuitable to the present occasion, if I proceed to call your attention, with some degree of detail, to the various provisions of the law for carrying that :purpose into effect. In the first place, by the common law, every private person may law fully endeavour of his own authority, and without any warrant or sanction of the magistrate, to suppress a riot by every means in his power. He may disperse or assist in dispersing those who are assembled ; be in my stay those who are engaged in it from executing their purpose ; he may stop and prevent others, whom he shall see coming up, from joining the rest, and not only has he the authority, but it is his bounden duty, as a good subject of the King, to perform this to the utmost of his ability. If the riot be general and dangerous, he may arm himself against time evil-doers to keep the peace. Such was the opinion of all the Judges in the time of Queen Elizabeth, in a case called " The Case of ar t t o i: a i t on t r e i is n ttey d ros e f n o d ft h b te e h ei‘ a assistant to ti t en o w t d h o oeiunidoing Justices,trhesist::i restrain Sheriffs, or Arms" (Popham's Rep. 121)—although the Judges add, that it would be more discrete for every one in such a and authority be more advisable so to do, for the I t p i t r le e w s p e ° n r u o s i le i t e n w t i e t d h nd lie con p e r e e t v • ua m cn i ti t t t ie e nd d ascuit o nbi o r : nir:dc individuals. danuunal and no :n n not pro ceeding such extremities until the danger was withoutthe er a to arms, suffi ciently immediate, or until some felony tsar either cornivil arms, and at all events the assistance given by men who e will be more effectual to attain the object proposed than any efforts, however well intended of separate and dis united procuringloluptpoifrttuhneitoyccaissigoinvendeifnoarnde the advice or sanction of the Magistrate, it is the duty of every subject to act for himself, and upon his own respon sibility, i -n suppressing a riotous and tumultuous assembly ; imme diate and he may be assured that whatever is honestly done by him in the execution of that object, will be supported and justified by th e common l aw ; an d whilst I am stating the obligation i mpose d b y t h e l aw on every subject of the realm, I wish to observe that the law acknowledges no dis tinction in thi s respect b etwe en the soldier and the private individual. The soldier is still &citizen, lying under the same obligation, and invested with the same authority, to preserve the peace of th e Ki ng , as any other subject. the one is bound to a tt en d th e call of the civil magistrate, so also is the other the one may interfere for that purpoFe, when the eccaaion &mode it, without the requisitio of the magistrate, so may the other too ; if the one may em ploy arms for that purpose, when arms are necessary, the soldier may do the same. Undoubtedly the same exercise of discretion which require the private subject to act in subordination to, and in aid of, the magistrate, rather than upon his own authority, before recourse is hid to arms, ought to operate in a still stronger degree with a military force. But when the danger is pressing and immediate,--• where a felony has actually bees committed or cannot otherwise be prevented, and from the circumstances of the case fr no the o p p p r o o r p t e u r n i a t is th r o i ff t i e e r s e , d t obtaining a subjects requisition of the King, like his civil subjects, not only may, but are bound to do their utmost, of their own authority, to prevent the perpetration of outrage, to put down riot and tumult, and eptr.,o,jmiemrtyonoflatlhve, not only i G s eneatlceh y and th r , e s s t e i r : iv further ve b s private eubject b mod to exert himself to the utmost, but every sheriff, constable, and other peace officer is called upon to do all that in them lies for the suppression of riot, and each has authority to command all other subj e ct.. of the King to assist them in that undertaking. By an early statute which is still in force (the 13th Henry IV. c. 7.) " Any two justices, together with the sheriff, or under-sheriff of the county, shall come with the power of the county, if need be, to arrest any rioters, and sh .11 arrest them, and they have power to record that which they see done in their presence against the law, by which record the offenders shall be convicted, and may afterwards be brought to punishment." And here I must distinctly observe, that it is not left to the choice or the will of the subject, as some have erroneously supposed, to attend or not the call of the Magistrate as they think proper : but every min is bound, when called upon, under pain of fine and imprisonment, to yield a ready and im plicit obedi ence t o t h e ca ll o f the Magistrate, and to do his utmost in assisting him to suppress any tumultuous as sembly. For in the succeeding reign, another Statute teas passed, which enacts, That the King's liege people, being sufficient to travel, shall be assistant to the justices sheriffs, and other officers, upon reasonable warning, to ride with them in aid, to resist such riots, route, and as-. se;nlilies, on pain of imprisonment, and to make fine and ransom to the King." In the explanation of which statute Dalton. an early writer of considerable authority, declares that the justices and sheriff may command, and ought to have the aid and attendance of all knights, gentlemen, yeomen, husbandmen, labourers, tradesmen, servants, and appren tices, and of all other persons b. ing above the age of fifteen years, and able to travel. " Gentlemen, in liter times the course has been for the Magistrates on occasions of actual riot and confusion to call in the aid of such persons as he thinks necessary, and to swear them as special constables; and in order to prevent any doubt, if doubt could . exist, as to his power to command their assistance by way of precaution, a recent statute, 1 Geo. IV. c. 37, has invested him with that power, in direct and express terms, when riot or felony is only likely to take place, or may reason ably be apprehended. Again, that this call of the Magis trates is compulsory, and not left to the choice of the party to obey or not, appears from the express enactment in that Act—that if lie disobeys, unless legally exempted. he is liable to the same fines, penalties, and punishments la persons refusing to take upon them the office of con stable were by law subject to. But the most important provision of the liw for the suppression of riots is to be found i n th e S ta t ute 1 G eo. I. sect. 2, e. 5, by which it is en icted, that if any persons, to the number of twelveor more, being unlawfully, riotously, and tumultuously as- Ambled together, to the disturbance of the public peace, and bring required or commanded by any one or more jus tice or justices, or by the sheriff, &c., by proclamation to be mate in the King's name, and in the form stated in the Act, to disperse themselves, and peaceably to depart to their habitations, or to their lawful business, shall, to the number of twelve or more, notwithstanding such pro'. clamation, unlawfully, riotously, and tumultuously remain or continue together by the space of one hour after such command or request, made by proclamation, then such con tinuing together 44511 be adjudged felony, and the offenders shall suffer death as felons. Such are the different pro visions of the law of England for the putting down of tn. multuary meetings ; and it is not too much to affirm, that if the means provided by the law are promptly and judici ously enforced by the Magistrate, and honestly seconded by the co-operation of his fellow-subjects, very few and rare would be t he instances in which tumultuous assemblages of the people would be able to hold defiance to the law, Gentlemen, before I proceed to the consideration of the caeca in the calendar, let me impress on the attention of all those is-ho from idleness, curiosity, or mere thought lessness, suffer themselves to form part of a riotous and disorderly meeting, that they subject themselves uncon sciously to the danger of punishment for crimes which they never contemplated ; for where many are collected together in the prosecution of an illegal object, it is often impossible to discrimate between the active and the un offending part of the mob : it requires evidence on the part of the accused, which they may not be able to pro duce, in order to defend themselves against the charge of participation in the guilt of others. The only safe course for the peaceable and well-disposed on all occasions of po pular tumult is this—to lend their ready aid to assist the magistrate-4 in suppressing it, or at all events forthwith to separate themselves from the others. Gentlemen, one class of cases likely to come before you will be founded upon the statute 7 and 8 Geo. IV., c. 30. s. 8, by which it is enacted, that " if any person riotously and tumukuously assemble together to the disturbance of the public peaces shall unlawfully and with force demolish, pull down, or de stroy, or begin to demolish, pull flown, or destroy any house, stable, coach-house, outhouse, warehouse, office, shop, mill, &c., every such offender is guilty of felony, and being con victed thereof, shall suffer death as a felon. In cases of this description you will consider whether the individual charged was one of the p-rsons constituting a riotous assemblage which was effecting the destruction of the building. If he formed a part of such riotous assembly at the time the act of demolition commenced, or if he wilfully joined such riotous assembly, so as to co-operate with them, whilst the act of demolition was going on, and before it was com pleted, in either case he comes within the description of the offence, and within the penalties imposed by the Act, although lie may not have been a person who actually as sisted by his own hand in the demolition of the building. But the more numerous class of cases seems to be, that which is founded on the second section of the same statute, by which it is enacted, " that if any person shall unlaw fully and maliciously set fire to any house or other build ing mentioned above, whether the same shall be in the pos session of the offender, or in that of any other person, with intent thereby to injure or defraud any person, every such offender shall be guilty of felony, and being convicted there of, shall suffer death as a felon." In this offence you will perceive it is no constituent part of the description in the statute that the party charged should form one of a tumul tuous or riotous as sem bl age for the disturbance of the public peace : it is an offence that may he committed by a single individual. You will therefore in this case inquire, first, whether the party set fire to the building himself: in such case no doubt of his guilt can exist ; and if the proof falls short of this, eou will then consider whether he was jointly engaged in the prosecution of the same object with those who committed the offence. If by his word or gesture he incited ethers to commit the felony; or if he was so near to the spot at the time that he by his pre sence wilfully aided and assisted them in the perpetration of the crime, in either of these cases the felony is com plete, without any actual manual share in its commission; and where the statute directs that, to complete the offence, it must have been done with intent to injure or defraud any person, there is no occasion that any malice or ill-will should subsist again.t the person whose property is so des troyed. It is a malicious set in contemplation of law. when a man wilfully does what is illegal, and which, in its necessary consequence, must injure his neighbour; and it is necessary to observe that the setting fire to another's. house, vrhether the owner be a stranger to the pri soner, or a person against whom he had a former grudge, must be equally injurious to him. Nor will it be neces sary to prove that the house, which forms the subject of the indictment in any particular case, was that which was actually set on fire by the prisoner. It will be suffi cient to constitute the offence, if he is shown to have feloniously set on fire another house, from which the flames communicated to the rest. No ',man can shelter himself from punishment on the ground that the mischief • which lie committed was wider in its consequences than lie originally intended. Gentlemen, another class of of fenders will be that of persons who stand charged with acts of plunder and theft ; and these may come before you ei-her aggravated by the circumstance of violence or thre its to the person of the owner, or with the circum stance of a breaking into his dwelling-house, or stealing the property thereout when the house was already broken open. In both which cases the offence is considered of a more aggravated nature, and the measure of punishment is consequently more severe; and the facts may assume the shape of a simple larceny of the goods of another. In all of which cases, es in the case of arson before adverted t t, all who are present, assenting to and co-operating in the act, are in point of law principal offeaders. The only other observation I would suggest is this,—that where property which has been stolen is found in the possession of any person recently after the theft committed, unless circum stances appear to rebut such presumption, he may be presumed guilty of the theft, until he can expl a i n or prove his innocent possession of the property. Upon the subject of a very numerous class of cases relating to the receiving of stolen property, with the guilty .