The Sun. — London, England, 1853-10-06 00:00:00

JPIIifAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT CHOLERA ? The question may be asked with equal force of any single phenomenon in nature. What do we know of ourselves ? but that " we are fearfully and wonderfully made." What do we know of this earth ? but that it floats in space—a speck in the universe of worlds ;we know there is an enveloping atmosphere, liquid oceans, and a crust, solid at the surface, balanced by gravity. 'What do we know of the moon ? the nearest planetary body to us, but that she shines with "borrowed light," and that on the darkest night there is light enough in apace to illumine millions of moons, did they exist. What do we know of the more distant primary and rsecondary planets ? but that they, like the earth, revolve round and with the sun, and have density corresponding to their diameters. Of the stars we know nothing, but that their distance and bulk are to us incalcu lable, and their numbers, as revealed by the telescope, innumerable. We do know that our earth, is, in its solids, composed of certain sub stances, at present reducible to metallic bases. That water is composed of two volumes, or measures, of hy drogen gas, and one of oxygen gas, that when pure, it is colourless, transparent, tasteless, without smell ; and if deprived of heat below 32° of Fahrenheit, it be comes .ce. We know that air is composed by weight, of 8 oxygen to 28 nitrogen ; that when untainted it is invie ibis, inodorous, colourless, elastic, possessed of gra vity, easily moved, rarified, and condensed. Chemical analyses have revealed these facts, and has further shown that pure water is rapidly defiled, and that pure air is easily tainted. Medical analyses have proved that water and air, comparatively pure, are absolutely necessary to health ; and sanitary science has shown that men seldom Pay sufficient attention to these most important facts. Political economy has recently been raised to the rank of a science, and men are taught how best to buy, to sell, and to get gain ; but they have yet to learn that it is human life alone which is of inestimable 'value. The Manchester School has learned, and has taught the commercial lesson of free trade in things necessary to the artificial comforts of life, but men have yet to learn the sanitary lesson necessary to bodily health, and to a moral and religious enjoyment of life. The all important text, " What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul," may, para phrased, be taken for a sermon on the necessity of sani Lary improvement. What shall it profit a man if he accumulate immense wealth, and lose his own life ? Is this considered, as it ought to be, in these latter days of mammon worship ? Let the millionaire who toils 16 hours out of each 24, to accumulate more wealth, answer ; let those who consider the rights of the poor to consist in unceasing toil amidst hopeless squalor and misery, and their own duties to consist in extracting a full pound of flesh, answer. But, to the question. What do we know about cholera? We know that it is nearly 6,000 years since man was banished from the garden of Eden ; and, we also know, that he has yet to learn the simple A B C of life— na mely, that pure air is absolutely necessary to healthy existence. This is so simple a statement that man will none of it. Like the Assyrian General, he wishes to witness the doing of some great thing. One theorist will maintain that cholera is owing to volcanic agency ; the solid crust of the world must be convulsed to satisfy his profound imaginings. The choleraic elements are generated in mysterious subter ranean reservoirs, and, through the tremblings and crackings of the earth, are vomited forth and dispersed in the surrounding atmosphere. We know, however, that cholera has appeared independent of the earthquake, and that the earthquake takes place without producing cholera. A second theorist states that cholera is partial to definable geological systems, and to certain strata. A commission of French physicians reported that cholera was rarely, if ever, found upon the granites. It has , also b een sa id , " Cholera follows the course of r i vers. Another set of theorists will have it that "a diminution of electricity tends to produce cholera," that there is "a deficiency of ozone in the atmosphere ;" then there is the fungus theory, and the animalculm theory, and the doctrines of contagion, and of non-contagion, advocated and denounced by men of European reputation—men who place M.D. after their names. But, for the " cer tain and unfailing cure of cholera," receipts out of num ber are published, pro bono publico, by eminent phy sicians and army surgeons of twenty years' practice, until the public are fairly bewildered ; and, to mend the matter, or rather to disgrace the professors of medicine in the eyes of all the world, we have the medical men sent to Newcastle-upon-Tyne by the General Board of Health, set upon in the midst of their labours (the plague half stayed), and denounced by the local medical men. This, however, does not answer the question — What do we know about cholera ? Without dog matising, we may say historically, that cholera had its birth beneath the burning suns of India ----that it was brought forth in a crowded, dirty, ill-ventilated town, surrounded by a thick jungle and by immense swamps —the town of Jepore—that its elder sister was fever. We may also say that cholera con tinues true to its parentage, and ever claims its first vic tims from CROWDED, DIRTY, ILL - VENTILATED PARTS OF TOWNS, having a damp, undrained subsoil. Theorists, in their speculations, have for the most part overlooked one simple fact, namely, that the existence of human beings are necessary to the development of cholera, and that, consequently, where human life is most abundant, there is most scope for the development of cholera, espe cially if the same set of conditions also exist as at the place of its birth. What are the facts in the history of cholera ? Seaports are built on the banks of rivers, on low, swampy, and undrained sites ; population is crowded for purposes of trade, and the character of the people needs not to be described. We know that in such towns there is overcrowding, want of ventilation, filth, and vice in its most degrading forms, in excess. Cholera, therefore, " tracks rivers," and "rages with greatest violence in low situations." But large towns are built on " particular formations," inland, for pur poses of trade. The coal measures of England have given birth to Birmingham, to Wolverhampton, to Man chester, and many other secondary towns. Manchester is from 100 to 150 feet above the sea. Wolverhampton and the district around, Bilston, &c., are 500 feet above the sea. Sunderland is situate upon the magnesian limestone. Liverpool and Wolverhampton are upon the new red sandstone. Bilston and Newcastle-upon Tyne are upon the coal measures. Hull is upon the oolites. London is upon the tertiaries. Dover is upon the chalk. Plymouth is upon secondary limestones. The towns in Cornwall and in the north of Scotland are upon granite. In all these places cholera has raged ; and the wretched, the dissipated, the foul livers, have ever been the greatest sufferers. In Liverpool, cellars _,lvtietreent niioonst crowded with h uman lif e , an d i n th em l east was paid t o th e necess iti es o f h ea l th. In the L ao v erpool cell ars occurred so fearful a mortality that actln r ,. of Parliament was obtained to prohibit their use. su gars a re and in Copenhagen houses are let in flats, used as stores, ground floors as places of . 11 ,. 8 , first floors as best-class residences, whilst the upper f loors Meet, being take the place of th e Li verpoo l ce ll ar tene -I°l' clew i n g crowded with human life, =ring nothing th ese bou ll esB nor ventilation. In the upper storeys of dis ease stri ß i es cholera raged most, showing that the be i t on ~4 e s its prepared victims whe re it fi n d s th em, t a b le the river's b an k, i n a morass, or on elevated 'th e ov in the damp an d unw h o l esome cellar, or in ercrowded, unventilated, and equally unwhole some att . • It is said that ch o l era d oes nut confine its "11 the filthy and to the impure. Fi re , once ations flate -0 to ed t o obtain the mastery, will destroy things in "table, and so will cholera. The commencement of a fire. 4 a...Au earety. of cholera must be prevented, if there is to be 'W hat do we know about cholera? This, we fear, must •")r so me time t o come, through the blind neglect of Men, be a recurring question, and it may never be solved in its entirety. We may, however, presume to say that c holera i s controllable, just as fi re i s con t ro ll a bl e, if t h e proper mea sures are promptly t a k en ; an d we may also 6 aY that, like this subtle element, once ignited it gathers 6~engtli if negle c t e d , and only ceases its action when lake food upon which it preys has been e x h aus t e d. W hateve r may be the germ of cholera, there is abun dance of evidence to show that it may exist in a state of quiescence over vast areas, and that it is, in this condi tion, independent of the physical elements. Cholera Ilhas been known to progress against stream and wind. e most r i g i d quarantine is ineffective. Cholera leaps human barriers at a single bound, appearing simulta . eously at places wide asunder, even though a hurricane raging adverse to its progress, and at the same tn oreent strikes the l4 his d ormitor peasant in his c ot, th e p au p er , y, and the prisoner in his cell. Jf then ' e ft to d o its work unchecked, the active middle class trad esman, and the idle rich man soon become the vic tims. The middle class house has its adjoining privyand Midden. The country seat and the nobleman's mansion have,ess most probably, larg e d ra i ns of deposit, with huge secret c pools beneath them. B ut the foul sewer and the cesspool have other victims than those claimed by cholera, as many a bereaved family unconsciously bear witness. That fever may be diminished, and that cholera may be controlled, there is abundant evidence ; as also that sanitary works, properly executed, and sanitary regula tions efficiently carried out, will save life to an appreci able extent. The sanitary operations in Liverpool have reduced the rate of mortality in that town by upwards _- -,,` THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1853. ,'HARE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY.) BRITISH RAILWAYS. Paid RAILWAtB. Closing Prices Yesterday. Basiness done this day. St. 20 25 25 50 49i 1 50i 16 i 15t 74 i 124 104 80 i Pm 62i 3 100 42 34 all all 100 7i I 103 i i 59 60 598 St. St. 25 &N.W. ICaledon... Gt.Northn a.Westn. Yk New. & • & Berw Y.&N.Md ,Do Do all all all all all 100 S. Eastern Do Norfolk Do iLn. &N. W & Midld Stckton Darlingt. E. Count.. Do ..... Do . L. 4.L I . W dam& Yk Do 100 100 1s Northn Do Lancash. & Yorksh MrMClean Stockt. & Darling Do 98 - 102 48 - 50 140 - 145 30 - 32 106 - 108, 53 - 54 27 - 28 13i - 141 25i -26 i 2t -3 = 100 60 - 63 ad 138 - 142 138 - 142 ..4 : fid 28 - 30 95 - 100 IGt.Westn. MINES. all all 13.5 24 all 15 Btuaness this day. li i i LITERATURE. Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal. The most interesting article in this magazine is a long memoir of the late Lieutenant-General Sir Charles James Napier. A portrait is prefixed to it. It is remarked—" We do not suppose any of our readers to be unac quainted with the eventful life of Sir Charles Napier, but it will be, we are sure, a pleasure to them and to us to enumerate once more the most striking features in the course of a man who ranks among the bravest and wisest to whom this country has given birth, and who, while he possessed a mind and intellect in every way in keeping with the advancement of our own era, yet retained a singleness of heart and a self-devoting spirit that would have ranked him among the brightest orna ments of the ag e o f k n i g htl y c hi va l ry. " " St. Cyr" is the subject chose n i n th e p resen t descrip tion of military schools and colleges in France ; it was the residence of M a d ame d e M a i ntenon. A third article is given on the " Organisation of the Russian Army," which is likely to prove a source of interest to many readers at this juncture. The Art Journal.—Two of the plates in this number are from paintings in the Vernon Gallery. They are " The Monk," by E. V. Rippingille, and " Dry Reading," by A. Geddies, R.A. Th e other engraving is of the statue of Flora, by R. J. Wy a tt. The " Illustrated Almanac of the Month" is con tinued. An illustrated article of the exhibition of decorative furniture at Gore House is very interest ing and elegant. No. XXIII. of the " Great Mas ters of Art" continues the account of Gabriel Thetsu, a French painter of the last century. " An Artist's Ramble from Antwerp to Rome" is continued. One of the most curious papers is on the domestic manners of the English during the middle ages. The illustrations have a very singu lar and amusing effect. Subscribers to the Art Journal are informed that, in carrying out their intention of engraving the whole of the pictures in the Vernon Gallery, the publishers are compelled to engrave some which are not satisfactory ; but they consider this disadvantage will be compen sated for by the completeness of the collection. They assert that several of the most beautiful have yet to appear—such as the " Peace and War" of Landseer, the " Dame's School" of Webster, and the " Hamlet" of Maclise. Such a prospect ought to render subscribers contented with any inter vening deficiencies. Prince a falsehood—namely, that the entrance of our ships into the Dardanelles was intended to coerce the patriotic population of Constantinople, and so mitigate the wrath of the Czar—at that very moment, the Turk, with a spark of the old spirit which nearly conquered Europe and struck down the iron oligarchy of the Ma.melukes, threw off the fetters, or rather the nets and meshes o f diplomacy with which England had trammelled his limbs, and declared that, come weal, come woe, he at least would not sacrifice his honour, but die with his scymitar in his hand, and in the broad light of day. Will England desert him now ? Englishmen, such is the position of affairs abroad. Are they better at home ? For what do you keep in power the present Ministry What have they done to de serve your confidence ? Is it because they sacri fice the honour of England's soldiery—that soldiery that never sacrificed their own—to propitiate the Romish priests of Ireland ? Is it because by their procrastinations and ;imbecility they have paralysed the commerce of EngiAnd in the East of Europe, and thrown doubt and connisioil over every transaction in that quarter ? Is it becauso their financial arrangements you will have to nie,9t large demands which were never calculated on Li- the budget? Is it because you have got the income tax for seven years, on the faith of a pledge that tue price of all consumable articles would be reduced, and you have to pay it, with bread at 10d. per 41b., and wheat at 70s.—not to say 80s.—a quarter ?Is it because they have encouraged a bubble trade to Aus tralia, where the markets are glutted and the goods lying unsaleable? Is it because they have managed to produce a fall of 10 per cent. in the funds, and that you have only 15 millions of gold in the Bank against 22 last year, notwithstanding the enor mous sums imported from Australia ? Again we ask, for which of these good things the men of England support the Ministry of Lord Aberdeen ? But we hope for better things. We believe that the people of England will insist upon having a man for their representative and chief. Symptoms are not wanting that such is the case. Sheffield has has spoken, Stafford has pronounced, and Leicester has emphatically declared her opinions. In a few days we shall have to re cor d th e ex p ress i on of the feeling entertained by the metropolis of the world —how long to be so, if these things are permitted 2 —and we have no doubt that feeling will be spoken . in a voice of thunder—that England has been be trayed—that her allies have been d eser t e d—th a t her great name has b een disg,raced—and that the Coalition which has done all these things, and more also, shall no longer cumber her councils, or con tinue to make her a bye-word through the world for treachery, meanness, and cowardice. of three hundred deaths per annum, and as much re mains to be done in sewering, draining, water supply, cleansing, and regulating, the value of life will still further be added to. The laws governing epidemic pestilences may be be yond the ken of man. Epidemics are not all of one kind, as their history sufficiently proves, and there may be pestilences against which no previous care shall be a protection. Our system threads a mysterious way through space ; and, as the slightest alteration in the composition of the atmosphere will cause disease and death, the whole race may suffer beyond human remedy. The law governing cholera seems, in one respect, to be simple—namely, that its first outbreak in any place is amidst over-crowding, and defective ventilation, filth, squalor, and vice. There has been no exception to this rule in England. From such points the disease has spread (radiated) as the raging of a fire ; or, as the ripple on water after the plunging in of a stone. During the epidemic in 1848-49, Dr. Sutherland noticed this fact in the large towns be visited. The Registrar-Gene ml has published maps of the metropolis, and of the country, showing that on a grand scale the disease obeyed the same law. Cholera does not attack indis criminately, as influenza for instance, and may, there fore, be more readily warded off. That the virus or cholera poison is something positive—something which must have a fitting soil to grow in,—or fitting materials to act upon, seems pretty cer tain. The atmosphere must, at all times, have in numerable seeds of the mould fungus floating harm lessly in it, waiting the presence of decaying animal or vegetable matter to develope them into active and visible life. Where there is rigid cleanliness these seeds remain harmlessly dormant, and so of cholera. This last dread visitation in the north of Europe and at Newcastle upon-Tyne, has clearly proved that neglected filth in vites the disease. The fact has also been verified that, where local boards of health have been established, and have done their duty, there cholera, though imported, could not spread. SPORTING NOTES. R. R. THE RUNNING AND DEFEAT OF NANCY. Nancy actually put in an appearance at Chester. She started for the principal Handicap, and was ingloriously defeated. This was the only interesting and important incident connected with the meeting—an incident that created a "sensation," and occasioned not a little per plexity and suspicion. Notwithstanding the boasting of her partisans, and the rumours of her regenerated racing power, I was prepared to witness her defeat ; and my opinion on her chance, and the movement that again brought her prominently into notice, was expressed in The Sun on Monday. Her performance gave no indica tion of racing ability, and was so utterly bad as to destroy all confidence in her for the future. Although she obtained a good start, she never once figured in com pany with the leading competitors. At the commence ment of the encounter she was last but four, and she gradually dropped into the rear until she became abso lutely last. On passing the stand, however, the firet time, she slipped, and was thrown out of her stride, but this occurrence was not sufficient to jeopardise her chance, if, indeed, she ever had a chance. She was the first beaten in the race, and she walked in, her jockey. bespattered with mud, amidst the jeers and shouts of the spectators. Her condition was anything but satisfactory. She had apparently undergone no preparation, and she gallopped short and stilty. Nancy will, I believe, run for the Cesarewitch ; but it seems reasonable to suppose that her party would scarcely have allowed her to start for a comparatively insignifi cant race at Chester, where she was liable to an acci dent, and where her victory would have increased her weight, had they entertained a belief in her ability to win that event. Her party have either made a gross mistake, or have systematically practised upon the gul libility of the public. On a future occasion I shall again refer to this and other proceedings connected with Nancy. On Saturday I shall institute some odious compari sons between the chances of the probable competitors for the Cesarewitcb. A FRESH MAN. October 6. THE BALTIC TRADE. The Belfast Chronicle says :—" A natural uneasi ness exists at present in the minds of merchants and shipowners engaged in the Baltic trade, lest in case of war Russia should place an embargo on British shipping and cargoes coming from the Bal tic this month with flax and flax-seed. For the purpose of, if possible, removing the apprehen sions so generally prevalent, or at least of obtain ing some reliable information, Mr. Davison, M.P., addressed the following letter to Mr. Cardwell, President of the Board of Trade : "Belfast, 24th Sept., 1853. "My dear sir—l am sorry to trespass on your va• luable time, but I do so at the instance of some of the leading merchants of Belfast, engaged in the Baltic trade, who naturally enough begin to entertain serious apprehensions for the safety of their ships and cargoes coming next month from the Baltic with flax and flax seed, should the pending negotiations fail amicably to adjust the Eastern question. As the subject is one which deeply affects one of our great branches of com merce—the linen trade of Ulster—l feel I shall readily be excused for troubling you with this communication. " 'The value of flax-seed imported annually here from Riga may be estimated at something about 70,0001., whilst the flax brought from the Baltic may be taken at five times that amount ; and this is the season at which merchants generally send forward their ships, or orders for supplies of seed. The value of property, therefore, at stake in the United Kingdom is very considerable, more especially when we include the value of the ships conveying it. " The merchants apprehend that, in the event of war, the Russians might confiscate their ships and car goes ; and this apprehension is increased from the fact that there is no British fleet of the line in the Baltic capable of affording them protection. I know not how far it comes within your province to quiet such alarms, or to satisfy the mercantile community that the Govern ment will afford them all requisite protecaon ; but, having been requested to make this communication, and concurring in its necessity and importance, I should be culpable if I omitted a post in submitting these details for your consideration. Hoping that you will favour me with an early reply on this all-important subject, I have the honour to be, my dear sir, your very obedient servant, " RICHARD DAVISON, M.P. for Belfast. " 'To the Right Honourable Edward Cardwell, President Board of Trade, London.' " In reply to the foregoing document, Mr. Davison has received a communication from Mr. Cardwell, Pre sident of the Board of Trade, acknowledging its trans mission, and stating that Government would give the subject due and full consideration." COLLISION ON TEE MIDLAND RAIL WA Y. On Tuesday evening a collision took place on the Am bergate branch of the above railway. It appears that on the afternoon of Tuesday an engine had got off the down line to Matlock, and help had been sent for from Derby. An engire was speedily dispatched, conveying several men to render asaistance. On their arrival, however, it was thought they had not sufficient strength among them to replace the engine, and a message was sent to Derby for further aid. Another engine, convey ing 14 or 15 men, was immediately sent, and on these arriving at Ambergate, the engine was reversed, and it ran towards Matlock, with the tender first. Before this last assistance arrived, the men first sent had suc ceeded in getting the dislodged engine replaced on the line ; and thinking the distance but short to Amber gate, they started to proceed thither on the line they were on, instead of running a short distance in the op posite direction, and getting on to the up line by a siding, which they could have done. The consequence of this was, the two engines on arriving at a curve, came into fearful collision, although the drivers shut off the steam and reversed both engines immediately upon coming in sight of each other. One of the men on the tender jumped off before the engines came in con tact, but the others were scattered in all directions. Many of them were seriously bruised on various parts of their bodies, and others rendered insensible. Informa tion was immediately dispatched to the Ambergate sta tion, and thence a telegraphic message was sent to Derby, for medical and other assistance. A few minutes past 6 o'clock an engine was got ready, and Mr. Gis borne, the Midland Company's surgeon, Mr. Mills, and other officials of the company, went off to the scene of the accident. On arriving at Ambergate they found that eight or ten of the injured men had already been sent to Derby by another train ; and Mr. Gisborne proceeded onwards and brought the remaining sufferers with him to Derby. We hear that the following were received at the Infirmary :—Edward Shepherd, with dislocation of the shoulder, and various contusions on the body. Mi chael Barks (stoker to one of the engines), with exten sive laceration on the back part of the scalp and frac tured thigh. This man was insensible when taken up, and continued so until 11 o'clock yesterday morning, when he expired. Thomas Blackam, of Ambergate, with contusions on various parts of his body, and knee dislocated. The following were taken to the Infirmary: —George Richmond, with contused knee ; William Calladine, with fractured collarbone ; John Roberts, scalp wound, and other bruises ; Thomas Tomlinson, cut face, and bruised arm and knee ; John Jackson, gene ral contusions. Besides the above, Mr. Gisborne saw, at their respective homes, the following sufferers : Thomas Chambers, Liversage-street, with fractured jaw, and extensive cut on the mouth and lips ; Samuel Kent, Albion-street ; Smeeton (driver of one of the engines) Canal-street ; Perry (driver), Carrington-street ; Riley (driver), Railway-terrace ; and Bottom, Litchurch ; all of whom had received injuries, but not of a serious character. Mr. Redfern, of Arboretum-terrace, also received injuries on the head and body, but was under the care of his own medical attendant. We under stand the surviving sufferers are all doing well. Aberdeen Ambg. Nottng. Bost. & Eastn. June Btrinug. Wolverh & Stour Valley .. Birkenhd. Lauesh & Cheshire Junet Do. Chesil. & Birk., £5O & £25 Cons—. Do., £20....... Bristol & Exeter Caledonian. Chester & Holyhead Cork and Bandon Cork, Black. & Pass Dublin& Belfast June Dundee Perth &Aber deen Junction Do. New ........ East Anglian (£25 L. & E. & L. & D.) Do., (£lB E. & Eastern Counties Eastern Union, Class A. late E. U. Sh Do., do. Do., B. dr C East Lancashire ... East & West Ind. Dk. & Birmiug. June Edinburgh & Glasgow' Edinb. and Peebles Edinb. Prth. &Dundee Glasgow & S. Western Great Northern Stk Do., A. Stock Do., B. Stock Gt. Sth. &West. (Ire. ) Great Western Irish South-Easters. Lancaster &Carlisle Do., Thirds Lancas b. &Yorkshire Do., Fifths Do., Wst. Riding Un Leeds Northern Liv. Crsby. & So utlypt London & Blackwall Lond. Tilb. & Sthend. Loud. Bright. & S. Cst. London & N. Western Do. Fifths D0.,1a5h.,M&8...0 London & S. Western Do., £5O Do., £4O Lndndrry.&Coleraine Ludndrry. & Ennisk. Manch . Sh e f. &Lin cln . Do., Man. &Lin. Un Midland Do. Birming. & Derby' Hidland C. West.(lr. ) Do. Shares Newcastle & Carlisle Newmarl. et ....... Do. Bury Extensions Newpt.Aberg.&Htfd Newry & Enniskillen Newry Warrenpoint & Rostrevor Norfolk. Do., New ........ , Northn. Counties Un North British North Devon, No.l Do., No. 2 Dc., a A Deferred Do., 6 B Guaranteed North Staffordshire North Western N. dr S. Westrn. June Oxford Worcester dr Wolverhampton Scottish Central Scottish Midland...... Shrewsbury & Birmg. Do., L. & N. Westn. Guaranteed Stock... Shrewsby. & Herefd. Shrewsby. & Chester (Nor. W. Min.)...... Do. Halves, d 0....... Oswestry Shropshire Union. South Dev0n....... South Eastern South Wales S. Yorksh. River Dun' Do.. Stockton & Hartlepl.l Thames Haven Dock and Railway... I Vale of Neath Waterfd. & Kilkenny Waterford&Limerick West C0rnwa11........ iWmble d on &Croydon Woodford ....... IYork Newctl. & Berw, Do. Extensions. Do. G.N. E. Purchase IYork & N. Midland., 20 -- 21 4-h- 4a 8/ 94 12 10 di 16 - 18 5 - 4 (1 91 - 93 49 -50 15 - 17 44 . -^ 46 74 - 8 4i - 4i 3 ilk - 36 - 40 27 - 29 60 - 62 57 : i&' - ii 73 - 74 47 - 49 121 - 123 11.03 - 105 179 - 80 85 90 10 —l2 p 61/ 62 7 7/d 5/ 12/ 124 7i par 1 p 92 96 11024 —lO3 754 76i 13 12 d 12 11 d 18 - 58i - 59 33 - 35 1 52 55 4 3id 4i . - 50 4 —3 dl 25i 26. 8— 10 1 7 7i2 61 6 ct, par 2 p 37 - 39 85 - 87 55 --; 57 63 - 66 60 - 65 2 - 16 18 8 9 12 13 4 3id 15 -- 17 58 59 33i —34 i 3 - 4 28 - 30 213 3i 14 - 15 ••• - .. " - 9 61 62 9 d -- 3ictl 45 46 PREFERENCE SHARES 'Aberdeen . Do., No. 2, 7 p. c Bris. & Ex. 4 p. c. St 'Do. 4 p. c. Shares Caledonian £lO Chester & Holyhead Guar. 5i percent ' Cork &Bandon 5 p.c Dundee Perth &Aber de en Junction 98 . -1 - 1.621 16 - 17, ... .-- ... 6 -6, EastA nglian (X 3 10s) 6 per cent Do. (E 5) 7 per cent Do. (#;7l7s) 7 p. et Eastern Counties Ex tension, 5 p. c. No.l Do., No. 2....... ..... . Do., New 6 p. c. St Eastern Union, Scrip' Guar. 6 per cent EastLancash. 6 p. cts Edinb.Prth.&Dundee s iper cent Glasgow & S. Western guar. 5 per cent Great Northr 5 p.c Do. 5 p. c.,Redeem., at 10 p. c. pram Gt. Southn. &Westn (Ireland) Eighths Gt. Westu. (Berks & Hants Ex. 5 p. c.) G. West. fixed 4 p c Lan. & York. F. £2O , Do., 6 p. c., Stock London and Brighton Guaranteed 5 p. c.., Do. Pref., 5 p. c. St. Do. Convertible, sp. c., 1852. ....... . Do. New Guar. 6 p.c. London & S. Western, Con. Thirds 3i. - 4 .14 -- 5 i - i- 1) 1 - lip 1 - lip 13 - 14 18 -• 19 3 - 3i W = lio 108 - 110 8 8a 6} 7 99 101 id par 140 42 2 - 3 Londonderry& Coler. Shares ILondy. & Ennis. 2 Sh IVlanch.,Shef., & Lin., Shares, No. 1...... Do. Now, £10......... 12i -13 i -11 6 - 7 9 - 10 par P, 1,)o., 26 Marypt.&Carl. 4 p. c. Do. 41 per cent Mid. Consol. 6 p. c. St. Do. Consol. Bristol do Birm. 6 per cent.... Do. Pref. 4i per cent. Norfolk Extension... Do. Pref. 3l per ct... Do. Way. Val. 5 p c North British ......... North Staffordshire.. Oxford Worcester (St Wolverh. £15,6p. c. 138 142 i id ... al 102 - 104 23 - 25 Do Shrews& Birm. N. G Shrewsby. & Chester (Nor. W. Mi n),B p. c. Do. 5 per cent South Devon Do. New 10 -- i - 11P ••• - ••• 1 16 -- 17 pl 91 -104 x 13 -- 14 par -- i p S. Eastern (Reading Ann.,) of £1 Os.6d. S. York sh . 4p . c. Guar. Waterfd. &Kilk. 6p. c. York Newcastle and Berwick, 4 p.e.Pref Do York& N. Midland H & S. Purch.. 24 - 24il 19 - 201 96 - 99 - 4i - FOREIGN. 10 5 iAntwrp &Rotterdam 2i lid 5 3 Belgian East. Junct. 20 all ;Charleroi & Erquelin 20 10 Dijon and Besagon - 1▪ 3p 20 8 Dutch Rhenish 3l 20 all East Indian... 2i 20 2 Do. Extension . 5 all Gt. Indian Peninsula lip 20 10 Gd. Junct. of France 1— 22P 20. 20i Gt. Westn. of Canada Shares 2 id 5 3 Lucca and Pistoja, 5 per cent. pref. — id 20 15 Luexembourg ........ 64 10 10 Do. (Railway). _ 4 5 2 Do ••• ••• 5 3 Do. (Canal) - 10 5 Do. 6p. c en t. pref. 1 —ll d 20 12 Lyons & Mediterran. 20 10 Madras 33A 29 Maria Antonia 10 10 Do. New 20 all Namur & Liege (with interest 20 all Do. (cx interest) — 16 all Northern of France 32 334 33 20 all Do. 201. 3p. c. Bds [fmy.B.&Ams.Shs.] t 2 -13 i 10 all NorwegianTrnk. Pref 7 8 20 10 Paris and Lyons l5 15ip 254 20 all Paris and Orleans 46 —4B 20 all Paris and Rouen . 39 —4l 20 all Paris and Strasbourg 36 S6i 36j 6 20 4 ParisCaen&Cherbrg. 2 4 p 104 104 Quebec & Richmond ... d 20 all Rouen and Havre . 19 —2O 20 all Sambre and Meuse 7} 8 7i 8 10 6 Do. 5i per cent. pref 20 6 Southern of France 2 4 ▪ p 2081 all 2s. WestUpp F er la n u d d ia er S s 3 4crip 20 10 Do. 5A per c. Pref. • ...d 10 10 Western of France 74 _ gi p 2G 4 West. of Switzerland a 10 12 Now Zealand.., LINES LEASED AT FIXED RENTALS. Paldi Leasing Compans. Closing Prices Yesterday. RAILWAYS. Buckghamsh.l Clydesdale Jc. E. Lincoln. gr. 6 p. cen;; Glstr.&Dn.Fr Hrtlpl. Dk. & Railway Hull & Selby Do. Shares Do. k Shares Lon.&Greenw Do. Preference, Lowestoft gr. 4 per cent Do. 6 per ct Manch.Baton and Matlock, Middlesbro' Recicar Northern and Feasternsp.e. Do. 6 per et.. Do.Fixedsp.c,' Prest. &Wyrel Do. Shares. Roystn. & hit. Do.Shepth.St.l Shef. Roth. & Goole g.5.p.c S. Staffordsh WearValleygr 6 per cent Do IWilts dtSorarsti Agua Fria Anglo Californian Australasian Australian Australian Cordillera Australian Freehold Ave Maria Baden (Gd.D achy of) British Austrin. Gold British Iron Brazilianimp.(issued at £5 pm Do. Cocaes & Cuiada Do. St. John Del RE• Carson's C. aeb Cobre Copper Colonial Gold Copiapo . Copper Min. of Eng. ; Do. Pref. 7i p. cent. English and Austin. Copper Smeltg. Co, General.. Great Nugget Vein Great Polgooth Lake Liberty bond. &Californ. Gold Quartz Crush. Co Mariquita.. ...... Me xican&S. Americn New Granada Nouveau Monde Port Philip Quartz Rock Rhymney Iron Do. New Santiago de Cuba South Australian Tin Croft .. United Mexican Waller West Granada West Mariposa Yuba JOINT-STOC Australasia British Colonial Bank and Loan Company British N. American Chrtd. Bnk .of India, Austral. , and China Chrtd. Buk. of Asia Colonial Commercial of Loud English Scottish and Australian Chrtd London Chrtd. Bnk of Australia . London and County London Joint Stock Lond.andWestminst National Provincial of England Do. New National of Ireland... Oriental Bank Cor. poration Provincial of Ireland Do. New Royal Australn. Bkg. and Gold Imp. Co South Australia Union of Australia Do. New Union of Loudon Union of Madrid MISCELL. Aubin Coal and Iron Australian Agricult. Australsn.Pcific.Mail Australn. Royal Mail Brit. American Land Brit. & Coln. Smeltg. and Reduction Co Canada Company Crystal Palace Crystal Pal, of France Eastern 5team........ Electric Tel. of Irel. Gen. Steam Navigat. General Screw Steam Irish Beetroot Sugar Magdalena St. Navig. Nat. Pt. Steam Fuel Netherlands Land__ N. B. Australasian... Nrth.of Europe Steam Peel Rr. Ld. tir Minrl. Peninsular d; Oriental Do. do. Portland Iron Co Royal Mail Steam.... Scot. Austral. Invest. Do. New Scrip. South Austral. Land Submarine Telegraph Van Diemen's Land P lt d 21 -- 24 4 d g d d dis — Par g d 7 9 3 -- 3. -- 2 324 -- 33? 4 -- ad 42 -- 45 ip 10i -- 11 55 -- 65 6 —7 p 2i 3 d 1 4 —l6l - (11 # - 1 d i / i 6i 7 Id i dl il) 4d id 3 4 Ad 5 7 4 d - BANKS. 69 71xd bon! id par 16 ldis 2i 2d i d— ip 21i - 33 - 34 411 -45 i id • par 36 38 63 65 61 1 4 17 19 - EOUS. ii -- : ii 55 60 .1h iip • 1 td id it ... i .. i d ... ••• p la lip 32= 34 iii :- i'ii MARKET NEWS-(THIS DAY.) GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN For the Week ended Oct. 6, 1853, made up from the Returns of the Inspectors in the different Citi es an d Towns in England a n d W a l e ,, per Imperial Quarter. WHEAT. BARLEY. OATS. RYE. 1 BEANS. I PEAS. 59s 5n 1378 Od 122 s 2d I 36s 11d 42s 10d 42s lld THE SIX WEEKS' AVERAGE. WHEAT. I BARLEY. I OATS. I RYE. I BEANS. I PEAS. 548 4d 33s ld 218 6d 34 8 9d 418 10d 39s 3d DUTIES ON FOREIGN CORN. WHEAT. I BARLEY. I OATS. I RYE. I BEANS . I PEAL Is Od Is Od is Od is Od is Od is Od QUANTITIES OF GRAIN SOLD LAST WEEK. Wheat, 101,508 ; Barley, 29,068 ; Oats, 13,174 ; Rye, 538 Beans, 2,420; Peas, 948 quarters. HAY MARKETS. SMITHFIELD.— Meadow hay, 3/ lOs to 5l 5s ; clover ditto, 4/ 55 to 6/ 6 s ; and straw, 1/ 15s to 2/ 2s per load. A moderate supply, and a steady trade. CIIMBERLAND.—Meadow hay, 3/ 8s to 5/ ss; clover ditto, 4/ Os to 6/ Os; and straw, 1/ 165 to 2/ 2s per load. Trade firm. WHITECIIAPEL.—Meadow hay, 3/ 10s to 51 5s ; clover ditto, 4/ Os to 6/ 6s ; and straw, 1/ 15s to 2/ 2s per load. Supply good, and trade rather dull. MEAT MARKETS NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL.—The supplies wore on the increase, yet a good business was done, at full prices. Beef, from 2s 10d to 4s Od ; Mutton, 3s 8d to 4s 10d ; veal, 3s 10d to bs Od.; Pork, 3s 10d to 5s Od. per 81bs, by the carcase. SOUTHALL, OCT. 5.--The supply of stock on offer was seasonably good, yet the demand ruled steady, at very full prices. Beef, from 3s 4d to 4s 6d ; Mutton, 4s Od to 58 2d ; Veal, 4s Od to 58 Od; Pork, 3s 6d to 4s 10d per 81bs, to sink the offal. ROMFORD, OCT. s:—We had a steady demand for each kind of stock at this market to-day, at the following quotations : —Beef, from 3s 4d to 4s 6d ; Mutton, 4s Od to 5s 2d ; Veal, 3s 10d to 5s Od ; Pork, 4s Od to 5s Od per 81bs. LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.) LONDON, Oct. 6.—Wind this day at Noon, light airs from the N.W., and thick hazy weather. DOVER, Oct. s.—Arrived—Samson, from London, for St. Domingo, with damage, having been run into in Dun genness Roads by the Anna Maria, of London. RAMEGATE. Oct. s.—The Dauphin, of Cherbourg, has foundered at her anchors in Dungenness Roads; crew saved. FOLKESTONE, Oct. s.—The Santipore, from London to Hobart Town, has come on shore again on the main, and is be!ged. COWES, Oct. s. —Wind, S.W. Arrived—Sophia, New Orleans, for Riga. FALMOUTH, Oct. s. —Wind, W., strong and squally. Arrived—Masaniello, Akyab ; Merle, Rio Grande, for Havre ; Justitia, Bahia. Off Port—Hermes, Akyab ; Ceres, Honduras. PORTSMOUTH, Oct. s.—Wind, W. to S.W. Arrived— Europe, Shields, for Charente, leaky ; Rose Ellis, Sunder land, for Hong Kong. Put Back—Poictiers, Melbourne ; Devoashire, New York.—The Marie Leocadie, London to Melbourne, arrived here, was in contact with a vessel off Dungenness. TORBAY, Oct. s.—Wind, W.S.W. Put Back—Nelly Mathilde, Africa, Off Port—Hardie, Bombay, for Hull. GLOUCESTER, Oct. s.—Arrived—Eaclid, Quebec. STOCKTON, Oct. s.—Wind, S.E. Arrived—Caroline, Miramichi ; Hirundo, Quebec ; Providence, do. HULL, Oct. s.—Wind, S. Arrived—Vergo, New York. HOLYHEAD, Oct. 5.-,--The Charles Tucker, Barrow to Port Talbot, struck on the rocks near the Platters, and came off with bottom chaped, and her cutwater damaged. THISTED, Sept. 30.—The Box, of Swinemunde, for England, has been totally wrecked at Stette ; cargo lost, and crew drowned. ANTWERP, Oct. s.—The Liberte, from Goole, and Joven Nicalao, Newcastle to Lisbon, were stranded near Tersch ellery, on the 26th ult. ; crews, except four of the latter vessel, saved. _ _ , CRONSTADT, Sept. 27.—The Frances (American barque) was consumed by fire here on the 24th inst. (BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH.) DEAL, Thursday, 9 a.m. Wind, W.S.W., light, with heavy rain. Sailed—Riad. Thornton, for River. QUARTERLIES. The Irish Quarterly Review opens with a paper on French social life, which is lively and amus i ng . " The Streets of Dublin" continued has reached the seventh number. An interesting article on the poets of fashion gives us a selection of pleasing verses from popular writers, such as James Smith, Haynes Bayley, Theodore Hook, &c. Two char acteristic essays, "On the Development of Irish Industry," and " Arts in our Metropolis," are the most conspicuous in the remainder of the contents. The Church of England Quarterly Review pre sents us with a very able and instructive paper on " Pulpit Eloquence." It is founded on a work re cently published by Professor Vinet, of Lausanne. Any one who has had the pleasure of perusing his sermons will certainly allow him to be qualified to instruct others on the " Theory of Preaching." " Life in the Prairies" asserts that the generality of civilised folks suffer from an over refinement of habits—that they exercise their imagination at the expense of their judgment—that they de pend too much on the experience of others—and that a " little brisk travelling in a practical coun try," hunting buffaloes and fighting with Indians, would do most of them a considerable amount of benefit. There is a very favourable criticism on Mr. Atherstone's poem on the " Fall of Nineveh," which, curiously enough, was written before the recent discoveries were made, and public attention drawn to the subject. " Alchemy and Gold," is an essay on the gold-finding wonders of California and Australia, which, indeed, surpass the miracles of the wizards of the " Arabian Nights." There are various other subjects of theological interest. The Journal of Psychological Medicine and Mental Pathology, gives us many valuable sta tistics on the important subject of the treatment of the insane. The reports of the American asylums are also given, and much information on the amuse ments, exercise, &c., best calculated to benefit the patients. Those specially interested in the consi deration of this topic, will find in this work much to assist them, and the collection of the various accounts and reports gives an opportunity of com paring the different methods, which is very bene ficial. The Journal of Agriculture commences with an article on agricultural movements in Ireland. " Social condition of our Labourers" involves an important question, which has not yet received the consideration it merits. Many subjects of agricul tural interest are treated of in this number, and an interesting account of the meeting of the Royal Society, by a Frenchman, will attract the reader's attention. THE EASTERN QUESTION AND THE COALITION MINISTRY. (From the Morning Herald.) Noblemen, gentlemen, merchants, traders, and operatives of England, are you prepared to be held up to Europe and to posterity as the nation which urged its ally and friend to resist oppression, and then shrunk from supporting him in the struggle in which your advice had involved him ? _ Are yo w u prepared to have this damning deser tion recorded against you in the face of your own declarations—that the cause of that ally was the cause of truth, justice, and independence, while that of his opponent was that of violence, oppres sion, and piracy ? Remember that the reputation of England has stood the storms of 800 years, as that of a bold and straightforward nation, which, whatever might be the accusations brought against it of pride, and perhaps of overweening self-confidence, has never yet been deemed capable of cowardice and treach ery. Yet such will be the case—and such will justly be the case—if you delay one hour in calling for an account of the me that has been made of your misplaced confidence by men who have traf ficked with your good name, either for the accom plishment as to pfuroostehe purposes, or feosratnhde o ea mean,f vmebn tiwo no worse seo fcrimeselfish,fo r and ei gonf factiousdespots, pandering make the great name of England abhorred through out Europe and the world as the tool of despotism and the enemy of freedom. Surely it cannot be tolerated for one moment thatdesert hold theny her r s e r t of men, allies llspi eo snsiinbl et hheowuten utmost v governmento rconstituted, t nee do f,this paralysear mightye t her e r o empire, and to use it so as to lower her reput a ti on , commerce, and damnify her financial credit—and yet that there is to be no ac coun t exac t e d— no punishment inflicted. Englishmen must be changed, indeed, if such proceedings do not produce an up-heaving of the nation, from end to end, to declare that these things shall not be, and that those who in spite of the warn ings of an almost unanimous press—in spite of the almost universally expressed opinion of every man throughout the land possessed of a spark of honour, either personal or national, that they had betrayed both us and our friends and allies, have still per sisted in carrying out a secret system of diplomatic fourberie, shall rule us no more. Why is it that these Eastern matters have not been closed six months ago ? Does any man believe that if England had spoken out, and said boldly to the Russian Autocrat, " So far shalt thou go, and no further," that even Nicholas would have dared to act as ie has done ? There is not a man living who believes it, and if there be let him recall to mind the fact that all these daring aggressions, all these insolent and audacious claims, were put forward the very moment it was known at St. Petersburg that the man who approved of the march of Diebitch in 1829, and connived at the treaty of Adrianople, was again in place, if not in power, in England. The Autocrat well knew that during the rule of that man the only power on earth which he feared was paralysed, as far as her Government could paralyse her—and that the great obstacle to his ambitious designs no longer stood in his way. It is time for England to rouse herself, and for the people of this country to declare that they will not any longer be the accomplices of men who have acted as Lord Aberdeen's Cabinet have acted; that they will not continue to be fools, or perform any longer the part of the "Soft easy chairs that knaves repose and fatten in." Lord Aberdeen's Cabinet ! ! Where is it ? who has heard of it ? Its assemblage has not been re corded in the Court Circular—and yet hole-and corner meetings of " some of the members of the Cabinet"—twos and threes—have been brought to gether, and an irresponsible clique has usurped the functions of the responsible and constitutional advisers of the Queen. Can such things be ? Are we in Venice or in England ? Can it be that the time has come when Englishmen will submit to be ruled by a " Council of Three ?" When such was the case in Venice, even the soi-disant Republicans of that oligarchical state were so disgusted with their position, that they nev er named their rule rs , but held up three fingers to represent the unmen _ tionable abomin ation. Let Eng li s hmen remember that at the very lmo ment when it w as almost ostentatiousl y proclaimed utheagtot L ia o ti rd on W s e w st i m th or t e i tnl i w d as a i n ns d tr p u i c a t e e a to pen fresh Buss i a ,when he was instruoted to ded ue to that THE NEW METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET. Yesterday, in the afternoon, the members of the Markets Improvement Committee, appointed by the Corporation of the City of London, to carry out the details connected with the new Metropolitan Cattle Market, in Copenhagen-fields, proceeded, in company with the chairman, Henry L. Taylor, Esq., to the site, near Holloway, for the purpose of inspecting the pro gress of the works, the whole of they ascertained to be in a very promising state of forwardness, considering the gigantic character of the undertaking. The levelling and preparation of the ground, for the market itself, for the several roads and approaches, for the cattle lairs, the public and private slaughter-houses, and other works, present to the public, now, something like a rough outline of the vastness as well as the fit ness of the plan prepared for the purpose by Mr. Bunning, the city architect. In order that visitors may obtain a more complete bird's-eye view of the whole of the arrangements proposed, the commit tee have caused a temporary but substantial platform (approachable by several steps) to be erected ; the place upon which it stands being the identical spot upon which will be built the market banking-houses. This erection, which will be surmounted by a clock-tower, will show twelve frontages. Its situation will be exactly in the centre of the great square, or market, enclosing 15 acres and 4 perches of ground, intended solely for the penning of sheep and the tying of bullocks brought for sale. Within this area there will be ample room for the accom modation of 40,320 sheep ; and, allowing two feet of rail for each bullock, 6,794 bullocks may be "tied" there. The Corporation of the City of London having declared their intention of carrying into execution the act of Parliament (14th and 15th Vict., cap. 61, denomi nated the "Metropolitan Market Act, 1851,") out of their own funds, the tolls, &c., will be received by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons for their own use, and may be paid and applied as they may direct." When the market-place, slaughter-houses, and conveniences, now in the course of construction, have been provided, and a table of tolls and payments pre pared, the days for holding the market will be ap pointed ; after which the committee will have to report what they have done to one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, to which report a copy of the table of tolls and payments, fixed as aforesaid, will have to be annexed. Then it will be lawful for such Secre tary of State to fix a time for the opening of the mar ket and slaughter-houses, and, "by a notice under his hand, to be published in the London Gazette, to notify that such market-places and slaughter-houses have been provided," also specifying " the time when the same will be opened." From that time " Smithfield-market will cease to be a market for the sale ofeattle and horses ;" and from the time that it is officially notified that such is the case, the markets for such purposes will be holden in the respective places provided under the "Metropolitan Market Acts," such markets to be deemed "public mar kets." No " new market for the sale of cattle or horses" to be afterwards " opened in the City of London or Westminster, or the liberties thereof, or the Borough of Southwark, or at any place distant less than 7 miles in a straight line from St. Paul's Cathedral, in the City of London." It has been reported by some party, whose statement is not to be relied upon, that "the new mar ket will be opened for the sale of cattle at the ensuing Christmas Show." The work which has to be accom plished before the opening can take place, and the stipu lations of the statute as to the official process which must be gone through before the whole of the market and the conveniences connected therewith can be de clared, in Parliamentary parlance, " provided and fixed," proves the rumour to be unfounded. The committee themselves believe, that the Christmas of 1854 is the most likely period for the opening of the new market. STATE OF TRADE. (From the Manchester Guardian of yesterday.) MANCHESTER, Oct. 4.—On Saturday we had slight in dications, and yesterday still more decided ones, of an improvement in our market ; and this morning opened with a general expectation of an increase of firmness, and, to some extent, of business also. But an early telegraphic announcement that the Sultan was about to declare war, under the advice of a council of magnates, and that all the Queen's Ministers were summoned to London, at once put an end to these anticipations. The effect was increased by the fall in shares and consols. Business has been completely interrupted, and prices rendered more irregular than before. People do not know what to do ; and those who were encouraged to operate yesterday, feel disappoinnted to-day with what they then did. A greater impatience than ever with the changing phases of this Russo-Turkish business has conse quently been generally and strongly expressed. Yes terday there were fair transactions in 16's and 24's reeled water twist ; the entire stoppage of production at Wigan having moved tho buyers. These spinnings acquired therefore a greater degree of firmness. There is no doubt that the Germans (who have had advice of good sales of manufactures at the Leipsic fair) would operate in yarns with some freedom, if they had confi dence in prices. As regards cloth the circular of a lead ing agency house says—" There is no want of orders in the hands of buyers, but they are all holding back in the expectation of a further decline in prices. On the whole, this has been the dullest day we have experienced for some time, and prices are exceedingly irregular." ROCHDALE, Oct. 3.—We have had a dull market, with little doing, and pieces stationary. In wool there is no change since last Monday. HALIFAX, Oct. I.—The dullness which has for some time past pervaded every branch of the worsted trade is by no means diminished ; and the transactions are very limited in wools, yarns, and pieces. HUDDERSFIELD, Oct. 4.—Comparatively no business has been done in the market to-day. It opened languidly,r hic and at an early period the unfavourable telegraphic news from the Stock Exchange operated ap com plete depression of the market. The has Aus tralia also tended to check the demanetdter descriptions newswhichto from lat terly extensively prevailed for the of woollen cloths and waistcoatings. day in all de art There has been a less amount of business transacted m to a - ny ments than on any market day meeting of forr_urninamr3ornths past. BIRMINGHAM, Oct. 3.—The preliminary shire was held at the the ironmasters of South Staaffsotrd, l when it was resolved Hotel, Dudley, on Thursday /. ,4 quarter. The tin market to maintain the prices of continues in a very unsatisfactory state. For common block from 1235. to 128 s• have been required during the past week in Birmingham, and even at those quotations manufacturers have no.t been .able to obt a i n a sufficient u iy Copper remains stationary, but i s more likely to recede than to advance. CUSTOMS APPOINTMENTS. -By a new regulation, which has been approved by the Lords of the Treasury, it is directed that persons nominated as extra clerks must be 18 and under 40 years of age, must produce certificates of age a n d c h aracter, and will be subject to examination in writing and arithmetic ; and, should it appear from such examination that they will be qualified after a probation, they will be placed on duty for a month. If not qualified at the end of that time their appointm en t s w i ll be cancelled, and in that case they will not be paid the =al allowance for the time they were on probation ; but, should their conduct have been in all respects satisfactory, the Board will have to con- sider wherher half the pay of an extra clerk should not be allowed. In all cases the principal officers are to satisfy themselves, as far as practicable, that the persons are proper to be admitted into the service, and to state their opinion as to their age, when reporting i to the Board the result of their preliminary inquiries, n cases where they have reason to believe that they are either over or under the ages specified. 100 al 1 11i 100 114 all all all 100 101► 100 5 100 all 'lOO 6 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 all 14 all 1.0.61 111 f 38 i ad xd 62 2i x d 34i58i 9} 701 ad & b THE CHOLERA. The cholera at Newcastle is rapidly on the decline, as will be seen by the report issued by the General Board of Health yesterday. NXWCABTLX-tTPON-TYNN. Deaths on the 3d of October : Cholera Diarrhoea The total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhcea in Newcastle during the present outbreak has been 1,427. In the same period (viz., the first 34 days) during the prevalence of epidemic cholera there in 1831-2 the number of deaths was 246. DARLINGTON. Died on the 3d of October : Cholera ACRINGTON. Deaths on the 3d of October : Diarrhcea.. The attack of cholera at Walker has proved to be a severe one. One extra medical officer, two visitors, and an inspector of nuisances has been appointed, and two houses of refuge have been established. Seven deaths have occurred since Monday midnight. Five have been found lying dead, and many in a state of collapse, chiefly among the tenants of lodging-rooms. The disease has thus far been confined to two spots. Much overcrowd ing exists in those parts. The total number of deaths since tire 13th ult. (in a population of 3,200) has been 17. GATESHEAD. Oct. 4.—One death only registered for cholera. LONDON. Oct. 5. —A fatal case of cholera occurred yesterday in a respectable family in Kennington Oval, Lambeth. The open foul sewer ditch, of which the residents have so long complained, passes at the rear of the house. The local authorities of the parish have made urgent complaints of the long lines of filthy ditches and badly constructed sewers traversing the district. Most of the latter were represented rather as depositories of putrid mud than channels for the removal of the sullage. Dr. Milroy, in conjunction with Mr. Hall, of the Poor-law Board, had a conference with the board of guardians of St. George's, Southwark. Several attacks of cholera have already taken place in the more neglected and filthy parts of the parish, and there is much diarrhoea in some of its districts. SPECIAL SERVICES IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE RE-AP PEARANCE OF THE CHOLERA.—Yesterday morning special services, under the sanction of the Lord Bishops of London and Winchester, were performed in the several churches and chapels throughout the deanery of South wark, including the parish of St. George-the-Martyr, Bermondsey, Christ Church, Surrey, St. Mary, New ington, Lambeth, and also at Guy's Hospital, and other metropolitan parishes, praying the Almighty to avert and altogether withdraw the cholera. WINDSOR. Yesterday, in consequence of a circular received from the Poor-law Inspector, a special meeting of the guar dians of the Windsor Union was held at the board-room of the workhouse, Old Windsor. The medical officers were all in attendance, viz.. Mr. Pearl, for the Windsor district ; Mr. Ridout, for the Egham district ; and Mr. Brown, for the Sunning -hill district. Each of these officers reported that all had been done that was neces sary or advisable in the way of prevention ; that the whole of the districts were in an unusually healthy con dition ; and that no cases of cholera or malignant fever had come under their notice. DARLINGTON. Oct. 4.—One fatal case of cholera has occurred here. A woman named Atkinson, a person of intemperate habits, who had been ailing for a fortnight, died on. Saturday night. She was attended by two medical men, but the disease was too far advanced for the re media applied to be of any service. Some medicine prescribed for her a few days before her death she had thrown away. She was buried on Sunday afternoon in Trinity churchyard ; the coffin was not taken into the church. The officer of health has given orders for the bedding to be burnt, and for the house being fumigated with chloride of lime. There have been two other cases, but both have recovered. Diarrhoea, though it has been prevailing to some extent, is much below what we usu ally have had at this season of the year. The town is in a good state to meet an attack of cholera, the local board of health has been so active since the appearance of the epidemic at Newcastle. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. About 2,000/. have been raised by voluntary contri bution for the relief of the suffering poor, bereaved and rendered destitute by the ravages of the cholera. Earl Grey had contributed 501. The epidemic continues to abate, and Dr. Gavin has already dispensed with the services of five of his medical visitors. Four of the as sistant medical officers and all the medical students em ployed by the board of guardians have also been super seded. MANCHESTER. The death of a young man named James Maxwell, a mechanic, residing in Fairfield-street, which took place on Sunday evening, has been certified to have resulted from "Asiatic cholera." We have heard that the syrup. toms differed from those usually observed in connection with the disease, especially in the absence of diarrhoea ; but that the medical gentleman who was called in on Sunday morning has no doubt as to the case being one of cholera. The general health of the neighbourhood continues remarkably good ; yesterday there were only eight cases of diarrhcea under treatment by the medical officers of the Manchester township, and they were all of an ordinary character. ST. JAMES'S, WESTMINSTER. A death from cholera (Asiatic), at 35, Poland-street, Oxford-street, was yesterday reported. The deceased was a butcher, and carried on his business in the above premises. The attack was but of short duration. His wife, who had been some time bedridden, was so shocked at the suddenness of her bereavement, that she expired shortly after receiving the intelligence. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, GRAYS-INN-ROAD. The new medical school just now opened for the first time, in connection with the Royal Free Hospital, was inaugurated on Tuesday evening, October 4, by an elo. quent lecture delivered by Dr. Tyler Smith, lecturer on the theory and practice of midwifery at this school of medicine, and physician-accoucheur to St. Mary's Hos pital, Paddington. Amongst the members of the medical staff of the hos pital and school we recognisad Dr. Barnes, Dr. Bennett, Dr. Ballard, Mr. Wakley, Dr. Glover, Dr. Arthur Hill Hassall, Mr. De Meric, and others ; and amongst the visitors, the distinguished City surgeons, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Coulson, and Mr. Propert, with many of the re spectable medical practitioners residing in the neighbour hood of the institution. Dr. TYLER SMITH commenced his lecture by remark ing that the inauguration of a new school of medicine, in connection with one of the London hospitals was an event of no ordinary importance to those who were in terested in the progress of medical science, and the duty of addressing the students assembled had devolved upon him. He thought he could not better occupy their at tention than by referring to the subject;of medical teach ing, relating to the past, the present, and the future in our own country, and the position of the various medi cal schools in the metropolis. He passed in rapid re view the earlier stages of medical knowledge, and its practice as an art in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, Alexandria, and Constantinople, and thence to Spain with the conquests of the Saracens, and thence again to Italy, France, and this country, by the reflected influ ence of the Crusades. It was only necessary to say that medical art and science followed in the track of advancing civilisation. Medicine was first taught in Egypt by the priests in their temples, but until the Christian era there were no hospitals erected, the first being built at Constantinople. Thus medicine passed from the religious temple to the hospital, so making a most momentous change in its history. The first school of medicine, properly so called, was established at Sali num, in the eleventh and twelfth century of the Chris tian era. In reference to the history of medical teach ing,he observed that the hospit al of St . Bartholomew, founded by Raphere, in the thirteentheoedntuaonrYfd L t , was oldest institution of its k ind in En g la nd. liethen a e the re ferredto the medical tea chin g at the Universiti es o f fol lowing Oxford andcecenturies, ur ies Cambridge,aent andnimentioning h t that re e namesthe founder of the English Colleg e e of Physicians '; Harvey ; Sir T. Brown ; Caius, the founder of the col lege at Cambridge which now bears his name ; Mead ; and Friend, who all studi e d at one or more of the medical schools in F rance, Italy, and Holland. He then referred to th e state of medical teaching in the universities o f S cotland, and more particularly in ne century, re ference ehnotulreyf o Scotlandt healludingtwofo England in the middle of the last to the sudden death of John Hunter, at . St. Ge orge ' s H ospital, during a sort of str i fe b etween , 1113 : 1 and other au th or iti es , on th e su bject of disputed fees from the students, arising from attendance on hos pital practice and instruction in the class room. More than 600 years elapsed between the foundation of the first hospital in this country and the establishment of regular schools of medicine. The lecturer then referred to the great intellectual requirements of the members of the medical profession, enumerating the various scientific subjects with which they must have acquain tance, as materia medica, botany, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, toxicology, therapeutics, the knowledge of the use of the microscope, &c. He then alluded to the reciprocal relations between the teachers and the taught, and the influence of both upon the examining corporations, referring briefly to the present state of the medical corporate bodies of the metropolis, the College of Physicians, the College of Surgeons, and the Company of Apothecaries. He compared the state of medical education in this country with that of France, and concluded his truly eloquent lecture, which was evidently listened to throughout with marked attention and gratification, by relating the circumstance which gave origin to the establishment of the Royal Free Hos pital in 1828, by Dr. Wm. Marsden—an institution which was for the benefit of all who, through sickness, might require its charitable and relieving aid. After the lecture there was a conversazione, at which several most beautiful models of anatomical preparations and pathological spec imens were exhibited, in war, plaster of Paris, gutta peroha, &c., with several remark able surgical instruments, and photographic and other drawings laid out in the museum in the course of forming. Liberal refreshments were also provided in the room, w hi c h is hereafter to be fitted up as a library, a n d o f which many of the audience remained to partake. Mg R rrei n o t )ve l it. ref old A 100 all 3 100 100 100 100 100 26i 13i 20 20 all Eli all 100 all 11 61 i 10/ 45 i ad 30 1 10 28i 1 25 100 100 20 50 50 100 100 20 10 20 35 25 all 2. 10 all 100 20 10 50 100 5 4 20 15 20 20 20 50 50 2 100 li i i 14 i 4i i , ss 1 ,~„~