The Sun. — London, England, 1853-02-03 00:00:00

Excellent Household FarnitnrP, noble Glasses, French and English Clecks of the best mike, framed Prints, Drawings, Pictures, sus pending Lamps, and Chandeliers. MESSRS. BULLOCK will SELL, at their Great Rooms, 211, High Fiolborir, on Saturday next, at 1 i for 12 , Modern TURN 'TITRE, including two sets of 12-feet dining tables, and two smaller sets, sideboard-, dinisg and drawing room chairs an 50(4 8, marble-top commodes with locking-glass panels, walnut and rosewood 100 and occasional tables and what-nots, silk and da ask curtains, a pair of glasses co by 10 . and six others, three ma hogany secretaire bookcases, boudoir tables , &c., in papier mache, nusels carpets and nabs, metal tube, mahogany and japanned hall and bedding, marble- top washing-stands, chests of drawers, 4all and kitchen appendages, richly-cut glass, china, plated articles, a nd a fire-proof iron safe. May be viewed, and catalogues had to-morrow. Freehold Farm of 136 acres, Tithe Rent-Charge, and Villa Residence, With Garden and Malting Premises, .situate at Darenth, Horton Kirby, and Sutton-at-Hone, in the western division of Kent. Id. ESSRS. BULLOCK are directed by the ~._ en Trustees to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, on TUESDAY , e_ , R 22, at 12 for 1 precisely. in three lots, with possession of the in. tithes, and malting premises. Let 1. The valuable I , reehold tr il _rnl, called Gills anti Whitehouse, in the parishes of Darenth and '_orton Kirby, only feur miles from Dartford, comprising 136 acres of excellent arable and hop land, and fruit plantation, all land-tax re eeMed, and in a high state of cultivation, having boon for the last _ three years and a half under the management of Mr. James Russell, of _ti.orton Kirby, as receiver of the Court of Chancery, daring which 72,1,1 period it has produced the net profit of upwards of 2,0001 . n ' r e is a farm-house, with barns, stabling, waggon lodges, two oa st - houses, hop stores, thr. e cottages and gardens„ and the whole If l xe ePting about six acres or wood) lies in a ring levee. Lot 2. Ile Rent-charge of 211. per annum, for the groat t.thcs of about 60 a cres of the f arm , b e i ng th a t portion which is situate in Horton ; I thY. Lot 3. A gent e el (let:whoa Villa Beside:ice, called Ilill Cot 'age, with a newly-built greenhouse and ice-house, alsJ a pleasure Mal kitchen garden of an acre laid out with great taste, and well Vented, situate at the corner of Frog lane, in the vi , lage of Sutton- I t :i ;one, ill the occupation of Henry Hall, Esq., of Morton Pacer "ult., at the nominal rent of 351. per anninn. Also it malt-house, With kiln, 20-quarter steep, two brick and cement llama, and grams r.es over, with entrance from Frog-lane, and adjoining to the above, at hn sent unlet. Printed particulars, containing plans and a detailed statement of the produce of the farm, as accounted for and paid over by the re ceiver on oath, will be ready 28 days before the sale, and may then L'e had at the inns at Dartford, Farningh , lin, Sutton, Darenth, Melton Kirby, and Gravesend ; of Mr. Steele, Solicitor, 1, Lincoln's inn-flelds ; and Messrs. Billeary, solicitors, 63, Fenchuich-street ; at the Mart; and of Messrs. Bullock, 211, High Holborn. PATRON—H R. H. PRINCE ALBERT. ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. ENTIRE CHANGE of MUSIC.—An OPTICAL and MUSI CAL ILLUSTRATION of SHAKSPEEE'S " MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM," introthring the ORIGINAL MUSIC by Sir lien* , Bishop, Morning and Evening.—LECTURES by J. 11. pepper. Esq., on the endless AMUSEMENTS of CHEMISTRY, Adapted to a Juvenile Audience; by Dr Rachhoffner. on. the MECnANICAL PROPERTIEi of a JET of STEAM; by Alr.Crlspe, • nn ERICSSON'S CALORIC ENGINE.—DISSOLVING "VIEWS, Including Day and Night Views of WALMER CASTLE, WALMER CHURCH, &c., &c. Admission, Is. ; Schools and Children under ten years of age, half-price. LAURENT'S GRAND CABDrn. ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill -street, St. James's, e. Charles Emile Laurent, Onslow House, Brompton - road , Licensed pursuant to Act of Parliament, of 25th George 11. 0,1 1)1311 everY evening with Laurent's Celebrated Band. P ri ncipal "" 04 -11-Piston, M. Boulcour. Admission—ONE SHILLING. 1:1 lam (Ten at Half-past Eight o'clock. Dancing to e3mmence at Rya and terminate at Half-past Eleven precisely. FE/VIVRE IN LIFE ASSURANCE. DEPOSIT and GENERAL LT E ASSURANCE COMPANY, 18, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London. CAPITAL--ONI HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS. DIRECTORS. It n • T.niloWley Barnes, Esq., 11, City-road, Finsbury. -"8e Coode, Cl ar k e, Eaq , late 17th Lancers, Junior United Service Club. - "ge Coode, E-q., Fortland-terrace, Wandsworth, and Belvoir, St. JerseY , Bt heti Cracknall, Esq., 1, St. John's-gardens, Notting-hill, and 11, C an ew 'square, Lincoln's- l inn. — rge Knox Esq 15 Connaught-square, Hyde-park, and Tor s, L "ge, Stadordsbiro. iTexander Maclean, Esq„ Harrow-on-the-Hill. Iv a l ' i r ,, l4 C. Poole Esq., 32, Upper Seymour-street, Portman-square. • ' 3I T-1 Prins; lq., 147, Leadenhall-street, and 8, Hyde-park- Place West. Drbert Andrew Riddell, Esq., Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law. • 21 , , Uppe Seymour-street West, Connaught-square. " I " SPerling 14, St. r James's-square. P. AUDITORS. Esq„ 126, Stand, Actuary and Secretary to the Medical, vz7gal, and General Life Office. "am Jones, Esq., Account mt. 3, Guildhall-chambers. Str BANKERS. C harles Price, Marryat, and Co., 3, King Wiliam-street, London. fir' I Lr• •ewis, Finsbury-plade. Scanlan, 21, Upper Seymour-street West, Connaught-square. PHYSICIANS. 11, T SURGEONS. I Chapman, Esq., 16, Lower Seymour•street, Portma n-s q uare. 4qteha. el Teevan, Esq., 44, Gloucester-place, llyde-park-gardens. CONSULTING ACTUAR Y. Francis G. P. Nelson, E-q., F.L.S. INSPECTOR. OF AGENCIES. F. P. F. Strousberg, Esq. STANDING COUNSEL. William Wellington Cooper, Esq., New-square, Lincoln's-inn. SOLICITORS. Messrs. Hill and Mathews St. Mary-axe. RESIDENT SECRETARY. Charles W. Bevan, Esq. The public is respectfully invited to examine the principles of the beposit System of Assurance, which is based upon tables calculated by. and is under the immediate supervision or, Francis G. P. Nelson, Esq., F.L S., the Consulting Actuary to the Company. Comparative Tables to assure 5001 on death, by a person aged twenty next birth Jay, on the ORDINARY and on the DEPOSIT system efAssurances. ON THE ORDINARY SYSTEM. The sum the ordinary I The sum the Life Offices would give ordinary L.f.t him if he were unable o Offices would Ito pay, or it he omit' ed At the His give him for to pay his current end of policy the surrender annual premium of Annual thirty at that, or sale Si. 68..3d. after he has ti premium yearswhen age, of his policy, !wild into their coffers uto assure the party incase' afte' thirty 2491.7 s Gd., and which fieo/.'► is fifty of ; years'payments they have had the use years old, death amounting to of at compound hewiii nave win be! 2491. 7s. Gd. 1 interest,t or in paid into worth which theyhave the event of his death the office. had the benefitt one hour after such of at compound omission oi inability Interest. I to pay. little more 20 81.68.3 d. 2491.75.6 d. 5001. than 80/. perhaps 901. ON THE DEPOSIT SYSTEM. If un &Ile to pay, or not desirous of paying or omitting topay,thero licy would still remain of its FULL value, 522/.25.7d.ti1l death, if 20 years atter, no fur ther payment beingre • quired. Ifhowever the party, from any cause, wished to cancel the Policy, he could not onlydraw out all hehas put in, viz., 2251., but a certain bonus of 621. 54 'LI Os 0,1 2251. 5221.287 d 2871, 2s. 9d. 2s. 9d. in the bargain, which is more than one-fourth of the whole of his payments, or he could either draw out a part, 201. or 501., diminishing therolicy only by the assured value of the sum se drawn out at the age when withdrawn. See pagess and7in detailed pamphlet, by F. G. P. Nelson, Esq. The rates here selected are those adopted by the English and Cambrian Office, and advertised in its distinctive features as low rates of premium, and professedly for the lower and midd:ing classes. In most offices, particularly the older ones, such as the Scottish Equitable and the Globe, these rates would be much higher. In the former of 101.75. 6d., with 10 shillings per cent. entrance tee, would be the rate to insure 5001. at 20 years of age. In the latter 8/. 13s 4d., to insure the same sum. The higher the rate the more in favour of the beroser system. t Money laid out at compound interest DOUBLES ITSELF every four `eta Years. On comparison of these two tables it will be seen that a person tinder the novel system of DEPOSIT assurance can secure the follow ing advantages, viz., 3st. For a less sum, paid annually, he can assure 1 2 1 larger sum in case of death than under the ordthary system. dtlhyi,s In the event of a desire to surrender his Policy he can receive Company, by the above example, which applies to all ages, Tisane times as much as on the ordinary system. 3rdly. In the event Of inability or omission to pay, his policy remains still his property, Of the same value as it was, though he cease his current payments r „ °t ,_any number of years; whereas on the ordinary system, he gets 4thlv. Should he require to increase or decrease the amount of his policy he can do so at pleasure. He can, at any time, Y giving a fortnight's notice, withdraw any part from 11 up to the !thele amount of his previous payments and with interest. After he has withdrawn part one year he can, by a single payment, three / e ars, or any time afterwards. raise his policy to a greater or even t Ills a former amoun t ; a nd by this system he can at all times regulate annual savings by his annual expenditure, with the facility in the , % Nails o fhaving a fund to fly to in case of necessity, the same as 'n a bank, with this palpable advantage, however, that he gets inte rest fur his m o ney, and in case of death his family receive more than the amount of his savings. In ordinary Life Offices he can do no ; I nch thing, but his policy at *nee lapses or is cancelled the moment ceases to pay his current premiums, and, instead of having any fitted to fly to for aid, all his hard - e arned savings become forfeited to the society, and his misfortunes serve to benefit the pockets of his More fortunate co-assurers. Such a system is too equitable and too striking to be overlooked and bzpostx assurance is the only system of assurance which can be universally recognized and adopted when the principles are impar tially canvassed, and its palpable benefits become widely diffused. It c ",„ t ifere greater advantages than a b ink because it allows a f air rate ` lll nterest in case of withdrawal, and gives t wice the amount in th e Rands of the Company to the representatives of the Depositor 1 n s uselof death, thus combining the ADVANTAGES OF A BANK WITH THE BENEFITS OF AN ASSURANCE COMPANY. In case of endowment assurances the advantages of the DEPOSIT s ystem are still more striking. ADVANTAGES OF THIS COMPANY UNDER TEE ORDINARY LIFE ASSURANCE BRANCH. To those who prefer this branch Policies are granted from 20/. to * i ooo l. on every known principle thereof. Lives in all but the worst stages of disease, and Ruch as have been rejected by other Offices, are taken at rates equivalent to the parti cular disease. Loans from 50/. and upwards granted on every kind of security , real or pers ona l, on th e mos t equ i ta b le terms t o the borrower _Annuities of every description granted on very favourable terms. Non-forfeiture of a Policy —ln case of inability to pay the currant Premiums, the Directors will either purchase the Policy at a fair In arket value, or give a new on e i n li eu t h ereo f, l ess 5 per cent., inte rest corresponding in amount to th e w h o l e o f th e p re vious payments iru lch have been made. Detailed prospectuses with tables in further illustration of the De posit system, and any further information may be obtained on app . . 1 410 n to the Agents in the country, or to CHARLES W. BEVAN, Resident Secretary. N.B.—Agents wanted In all onrti of the World. FRAMPTON'S PILL o f IIEALTI-1. ~ The following testim on t a , i s another proof of the great efficacy 01 this medicine : " Wehmore Hill, Allidlesex, Apl 16, 1851. Sir,—ln consideration of the great benefit I have derived from taking Frampton's Pill of Health, I feel it a duty that I owe to you and the public to send pm the following statement. For upwards of nine years I have experienced the efficacy of this excellent medicine. I bad long previously been afflicted with headache and indigestion, but a friend having induced me to make a trial of Frampton's Pills, I now inform you that a few doses gave me great relief ; and during this long period of time I have taken them in preference to any other Medicine ; and I have the happiness of saying that I never had a better state of health, which I attribute to Frampton's Pills. I beg further to add, that this medicine is in general use by my family, and We know of nothing to equal it. I am, Sir, yours respectfully, To Mr. T. Front, 229 , S trand, L ondon. T HOMAS PROV I NCE. This excellent Family Pill is a medicine of long-tried efficacy Co rrecting all disorders of the sto mach and bowels, and is for a pleasant, safe, easy aperient ; they unite the recommendation of a mild operation with the most successful effect, and require no re straint of diet or confinement during their use. Ask for FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH, and observe the name and address of Themes Front, 229, Strand, London," on the eeve rnment Stamp. Price ls. iy.d. and 2s, 9d. Oar be:. South Australian Copper wi ng Company, 17, Gracechurcli-street. No . 18,835.] ONDON AND NORTII-WESTERN RAILWAY. • NOTICE WHEREBY GIVEN, That the next HALF-YEARLY ORDINARY MEETING of the London and North-Western Rail way Couipany will be held at the Euston-station, London, on FRIDAY, the 18th day of February, 1853, at Twelve o'clock at noon, for the transaction of the general business of the Company ; 'and also for confirming the Directors' declaration of the forfeiture of ninety-five 301. shares and twenty-five 10/. shares of the late Hud dersfield and Manchester Railway Company, and one hundred and cigh y-five 251. shares of the late Leeds and Dewsbury Railway Company. Dated this 2d day of February, 1853. GEO. ARSON, Chairman. BENSON, Deputy-Chairman. BE /CRY Bora 11, Secretaries, CHAS. E. STEWART,I 1 Tol. cloth, Nice 34. 61., by post ls, THE INCOME AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE IRISH CHURCH ; being a 1:e0y to Sergeant Shee cat "•i'be Irish Church, its History and Statistics," and showing why Scrneant Shee avoided rtAting either, while professing, to show a surp us of income above requkements. By EDWARD A. STOPFORD, Archdeacon of Heath. Dublin : Hodges and Smith, botitsellers to the Usiversity. London: F. and J. Rivington, St. Paul's Churchyard. CONSOLIDATED LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. Life assurance, endowments, and annuities, on the most equitable terms. Persons in doubtful health, or whose proposals for assurance has been declined at other offices, assured at - preiniums carefully adjusted to the increased risk. Loans granted upon eve - y real security, and also upon approved personal security, from 501. to 5001. All claims payable within one month alter satisfactory proof of death. 45, Cheap2,Mc. NOMI COLLIER, Secretary. N THE PHILOSOPHY OF MARRIAGE, AND THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH. AND MATURITY. WLTH FIFTY COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL. In French, English, German, Dutch, Spanish, and Italian, in a ftealed Envelope, 2ri. Rd., or post-free, for Forty-two Stamps, QELF-PRESERVATION; an LY Analytical Investigation of the Physiology and Functions of Marriage, in all the bearings in which that important subject affects the health and happine.s of Mau, with its Disqualifications and Impe diments, tracing their origin to the effects ofjuvenile solitary habits, youthful excess, tropical climates, or close study ; followed by prac tical remarks, founded on twenty years' e spbri,nca in the treatment of impuissance, Nervous Debility, Local Weakness, Spertnatorrhcea, Syphilis, and all diseases of the Urinary and Generative System. Il lustrated by 50 coloured Engravings, on the Anatomy of the Repro ductive Organs and their relative conditions in Health and Disease. By SAMUEL LA?MEBT, M.D. 37, BEDFORD-S-QUARE,LONDON, D e,or of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edin 'Jure!, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c. The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful consequences resulting from irregularities and excesses, which have produced more misery in Youth, degradation in Man hood, and premature decay at all stages of life, than, perhaps, any other class of disease known to modern pathologists. The treatment adopted is founded on experience gained in the most celebrated schools of medicine both in this country and in continental Europe. The results of the knowledge thus acquires are here condensed under tha personal supervision of Dr. La'Mert, himself one of the few legally qualified physicians who have devoted their whole and un divided studies to this important branch of medical science. In short, every peculiarity relating to the treatment of the diseases incidental to the generative system, and the means of immediate relief and ultimate cure are described in detail. The professional reputation of Dr. La'Mert, who has taken the most distinguished medical and academic honours at home and abroad, is in itself a sufficient guarantee that those who may place themselves under his care will, in every instance, meet with that delicate consideration abd inviolable secrecy which are so requisite in the treatment of these _,,.,stied by the Author, and may be bad of J. Gilbert, 49, Pater. noster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Starie, Titcliborne-street, Haymarket; Mann, 23, Conahill ; or free by post for forty-two stamps, from the author, who may be consulted personally, or by ctter daily. from Ten till Two and trout Six till Eight. cases. Pat ALWAYS PLEASING because EVER NEW. To every observer of E. MOSES and SON'S scale of business in I.ondon ee ry the Country, it is plain that a New Stock may be produced every day. To some this might seem like exaggeration ; by others it might be regarded/is a commercial embellishment ; but E MOSES and SON never employ fictitious allusions, for they are a'ways prepared to prove every statement they make by the articles they present. The artistes in their employ are each in his depart ment fully acquainted with every British introduction, and, aided by foreign communications adapted change of style, thus are they dully producing novelties to the season—such as insure grace and comfort, are there new styles of Overcoats, a .d number less garments to wear as Coats or Overcoat as mar be desired— these are articles the design and style of which are exclusive'y theirs. A cursory inspection will afford the highest gratification; and the neatness, comfort. and service secured by these ingenious contrivances will prove more than ever satisfactory ; but the prices of every description of Dress, tlosiery, Furs, &e., kc., &c., in conse quence of ve y auspicious arrangements, and charged so low that imitation is an entire impossibility. Sporting, Dress, and Juvenile Attire, either ready made or to measure, excels any which can be had elsewhere, and is charged considerably less prices. EMIGRATION. There are many reasons why Emigration will become increas ingly popular, and why all who intend to make Australia their fu ture residence, should immediateiy arrange for the se'ection of their Outfits, this being indispensable business Ear all Emigrants ; and if transacted at E. MOSES and, SON'S, is the highest adyinitao to erery class of Emigrants, maltl or female; —all the goods : being, ex,,,, pi es.ly prepared for their Also on theft: voyage and - aftertlieri: arriir aiLl twin such only as are absolutely required, prove a great of time and motley to thousands anticipating a voyage to " The Land of Health and Wealth." ill. MOSES and SON keep a separa'e Department for Outfitting, but it communicates with their immerve Wholesale Store, and the several sections of their Massive Establish ment. comprising Clothing, Hosiery, Boot and Shoo Making, 'tatting, and other branches of business, where snperior quality and low charges give Emigrants advantages to be ibund at no other House in the universe. Ship-sailing information and full Lists of Outfits for Ladies and Gentlemen may be had on apvlicaties, or post-free to any part of the Kingdom. CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the public against Imposition, haring learned that the nntradesman-like tr&chood of " Being connected with 'heir Eslablishment," or" It's the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons, they beg to 'state that they have ICo CONNEXION WITH ANT OTHER HOUSE IN OR OUT OF LONDON, except their own Establishments, as follows : London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83, 84,85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating. London West•end Branch; 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2, d 3, Bart-street, all communicating. Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19, Bridge-street. Sheffield Branch. 36, Fargate. Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoe M akers, and General Outfitters for. Ladies and Gentlemen. IIIPORTANT —Should any article not give satisfaction, it will be exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned without hesitation. All goods are marked in plain figures, the lowest price, from which no abatement can be made. The Establishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset on Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock. A new Book, entitled " The World's Pharos," containing the Emigrant's Assistant, full list of prices, and directions for self.mea surement, may be had on application, or post-free, to any part of the kingdom. A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1853 can be had gratis, on application Ici l'on park Franca's. liter si richt man Deutsch. Qui si parla Italian°. Aqua so habla Espanol IMPORTANT MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS, Just publlibed, by U. Baillicre, 219, Regent-street, Londe' No- I. Bvo., in cloth, price Is. by post free, ss. 6d., ON TRUE & FALSE SPERMATORRHCE.A; with the View; o the Correction of wide-spread Errors In relation to the Treatment and Cure of Sufferers from Debility of the Generative System, *Jr Sexual llypochondriasis. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD "Dr. PlcMore. '.s known to English readers by his frequent practi .:al contributions to German medical literature. This is the first hue, he informs ns, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi cal reader. We trust this may not be the 'last, if he shall detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his %ower to correet."—London Medical Gazette, May 30, 1851. "We tromised in a former number that we should recur to this w3rlc, in order to exhibit its aim more clearly. The author lashes with great severity the impostors who make a livelihood by preying on the credulity of the public. The tribe of Quiet Symathise:s,' and ' Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed ; arid if this book could find its way into the hands of those who sailer frAn th com plaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds would be raved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of less importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize— much money... ...This volume is well qaalifled to put an end to the empirical system of treating Spermatorrhcea, and to place the treat ment upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore, likely to do much good."—Medical Cireular, June 16, 1852. - No. 11. Svo., in cloth, price Ss. 6d., by post free, 49., THE CURE OF STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA, on Pend oies at once Simple, Safe, and Efficient, in even Its most Inveterate and apparently Intractable Forms. - • - - BY F. B. COURTENAT, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. "In prow of his views he (Mr. Courtenay) has given he history of a great many cases successfully treated, as bad as any which Mr. Syme adduced, and on which he had operated. -Inch are cases ix., xi., xii., and xviii. No. ix. had res'sted, for a period of twelve years, the treatment by dilitation, and was finally unloved in as many weeks. But cases xviii. and xis. appear, both In duratio - .1, seventy, and complication of symptoms, of a more ag gravated character than any detailed by Mr. Syme, and yet the treatment adopted by Mr. Courtenay proved eminently successful. —Protease; I.lzPrs on the Treatment of Stricture. Er n. CU LVERWELL' S NEW WORKS. PTo he had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row, Carvallo, 147. Fleet- s t ree t, M ann , 39, Cornhill. Price One Shilling each ; by post, is Gd. ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. "Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time." CONTENTS: --Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex curshns about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills, Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other plearant places - Country Trips and Rambles—The Sea —London at Night—Evenings at Rome Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air, Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c. IT FRAGMENTS FROM THE . FOUNTAINS. Two Vols. Vol. I. VISIT 10 THE LAKES; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &c. Vol. 11. THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY ; lIEMINISOENCES OF DUBLIN, &c. 111. WHAT TO EAT, DIUNK, AND AVOID, Iv. TIIE PASSIONS. " What passions hurt the body—what improve, Trutka as refined as Athens ever heard." " That three score years and ten our course may run." A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitut ou that harasses the young, besets the man of pleasure, business or study, and em. bitters old age; with tables and rulesfor the diet and physical regu. lation of every-day life. SUBJECT: —Life's pilgriniaTe, from infincy to old ag e . Th o ad vent of the passions. chas tit y and its inf•ingement. The casualties o f licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrath ns, graphic, narra tive, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages. V. THE MARRIAGE STATE. To be or not to be. that is t he q uestion ." . P ROGR AMME: —Laws and obligations o f nature, socie ty , and reli gion regarding marriage, to be obse rved by either sex. Time and choice, on both sides, as to age tem p erament, complexion, and figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them. Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion. Cases, &c. By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A. (1824), Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these matters Price Is. each; by post, Is. 61. To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street; Alum, 39, Conihill; or of M. R. Culverwell, M.D., Argyll.piace, Regent•street, who may be consulted daily from Ten WI nye, and Seven till Nine. - , _L*: ;.: ' :87 . , -\ :";::/Sii4-441---;://-1/'17--.."4f- • . 5 , I ',•• • tfr.,,,Z‘,,,,,-.., ,41.......\_,) N, 4 2). .:.•,..,,,,,, „?..:, ~, A-. 4 /'. - - !-,4 ,_ ~. ~ _-.....„, C; -_-,„r; -. ~,,,„.. ~;,.,. ..,, ~,, ~..--:,-., it ,,---z.,,,,,,,,„,,,, ve ,t,-:, ; 1_,,,, 14 ,: . , t , ~ (-f t, ~.,, .- i . , ~ - 7 -- ''N , i ill . ' NV , kt 4o ' ..,.: '''• .'kk y:l4 l , :' 0 kz• ....5 .. 1. ), ''.• ' . - ..r.r.' 'r ' V ' - ' E 6, A t • ,;,, - x - - -.— - A , 4 ----' e, ; • , i- r 4.-- .-, ', - --LL s , , k. ,- - ~- -- r =, , "ta ;., ,e• .ft - , - . -'"* .- t - . .-4.ltot*, i v ~„, e.,..i , --... + i; , , - --- - -# . --- - . t.A, --=, .. ; ,i'i" - ,,,, h, , t1c,___ + 4 " 9 " oa ' : 4 ,- • • ' , - '&11;" ~-1 . - 1., ,p4, -- 1 " . " -- Z• ~'I l 4. , :4.._r-0,0 15 ,. ',.rigi bltoiT s i 1 , 1 .d 1 . _ .e.i.vsf -r--,4: - grr ... A l\.' ": ''''t t 6 44 , opi - F, -' - 4 ", , ,TT ) / . it.r... , ie. . :„..); 4 ' ' 1 2 . 1 0' ./ 1 • s ~~~~-~ ~~~~ [PRICE SD. defects Mr. Cobden has combined ; and, in virtue of that extraordinary qualification, claims to b e the founder of a policy never yet dopted in the annals of the human race. He is the censor of all past ages, and " the guide, philosopher, and friend" of ours. His system, as a practical or established fact, is found nowhere in history since the world began. Now we propound to him a dilemma, ono alternative of which must make him despair of his project, if he is not a fool ; and the other, if he is not by far the greatest man that ever lived. Either that project is not practicable, or it is. In the former supposition there is an end of - the ques - cion. If it be a practicable project in it self, as not one among the myriads of illustrious minds who have detested war, nor any number of them combined, have ever been able to devise means for ensuring the impossibility of its occur rence, the inference is evident that there never yet lived men on earth whose talents could be com pared to those of Mr. Cobden, and that what no other virtuous men possessed skill to'accomplish, he knows how to effect. When it is remembered that the moral government of the world is not, like the physical sciences, intrin sically and necessarily progressive, requiring ages to accumulate their materials, and to continue and develop their application, but that, in the earliest community, all the data already existed on which the political philosopher could found his operations, it will be found that the dilemma we have just proposed is entirely unanswerable. In the me chanical arts and the physical sciences it isarattrral and reasonable to expect that there should be an enormous superiority in this generation over men who lived two thousand years ago, and that there will be a similar superiority in our posterity over this generation. But, in virtue and in wisdom, such, a progress is not equally certain ; nor is it equally natural or equally reasonable to expect it. It is not surprising that no person in ancient Athens should have posSessed the means of traversing the Atlantic as quickly as Mr. Cobden can. But it would be justly surprising if no person in ancient Athens understood the passions of the human heart as well as Mr. Cobden understands them—nay, it would sur prise us if it could be proved that there had been no one in that intelligent communitywhose ideas on poli tics, and on the management of men, were as en lightened as Mr. Cobden. Solon himself, long ago as he flourished, was, probably, not much inferior, in that respect, to the member for the West Riding. We can understand why it should have been im possible for a Christian in the days of the Apostles to procure as good a razor at Damascus (if he could get any) as Mr. Cobden can procure at Sheffield ; but we cannot understand why it should have been impossible for such a Christian to have been as wise and as virtuous as Mr. Cobden, as adverse to war, as mighty in words and works, as likely to effect a moral revolution in men's conduct, as able a speaker, as safe a guide, as enlightened, and as profitable an instructor. But we are almost ashamed to squan der arguments in refuting theories which all per sons instinctively feel to be fallacious, hopeless, witless, and ridiculous. The Peace Society will not do what Christianity has failed to do. But we are met by an ingenious illustration of Mr. Bright's. He says—" Look at duelling ; a very few years since, it was an almost universal practice —it has almost wholly disappeared. Why not hope for a similarly blessed result in the practice of war fare ?" We fear that but very little cheer can be ration ally derived from the example cited. The cases are anything but parallel. Duelling, though an ancient abuse, was not primaeval. War unfortunately is. Men may reasonably hope for the termination of that of which, as a general practice, they have seen in the midst of history the beginning. Thousands of years existed without duelling. War is as old as society itself. But independently of that reasoning, :which is superior or exterior to the passions, and against which they eternally rebel and intermittently prevail, there is a logic of the passions themselves ; and this logic duelling did not satisfy. War does. In that court where revenge, or cupidity, or ambition sits on the bench, war urges pleas more valid than duelling could prefer. A. man wrongs you—therefore ho must shoot you. He has treated you as he would not have bv,d you treat him—that is, unequally ; there fore, ra u must furnish him with the strictest equa lity o terms in a mortal combat, intended as re . tributAve measure. - - In the end, the passions themselves would reject such logic. They will never reject the logic of war. Such a province is rich—we think we can take it— we will try. Such a nation has insulted or wronged us, we can avenge ourselves—we will. In all this, be it remembered, we argue on the supposition that war is always unjust. There may be a just war on one side of the quarrel. While wickedness exists anywhere upon the earth, the good may be forced to defend themselves, to protect their possessions from rapine, their families from desecration and mur der. In the comity of individuals there is a higher earthly power, that of the State, which discoun tenanced duelling. No similar supreme authority exists in the comity of nations actively repressing war. No one ever denied that war is an enormous evil ; but to be unprovided with the means of re sisting an attack is to invite attack. To be pre pared for it is not the worst method of preventing it. A sufficient national armament has a direct tendency towards the prolongation of peace. The real question is not about the evils, but about the possibility, of war. So long as it is possible, the worse evil it is, the better and the stronger is the reason for establishing defences. If anything can avert the visitation they will avert it ; and, if it must come, then are they necessary indeed. LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 3, 1853. TIIE 139th Number of the HYGEIST and MEDICAL REFORMER, for February, contains :—A most important article on the Blood, by Dr. Southwood Smith, with ro ma* ks Hier, on—Dcath of a Penitent near Bristol —Obj •ctionable Mebeal dvertisemmts, &c., &c.—lllay be had at the Briti , h Col lege of Health, New-road, London ; ant at the Office, 262, Strand. Price Id.. or 2d. by pest. Also of ull the Ac ents for Moriaon's Vegetable Universal Medicine throughout the country. the desire for relaxation was the necessary rebound of the slavish devotion to Mammon duribg the week ; but how was it that the clergy had never found this out till now, when they imagined their own interests were threatened ? (Cheers.) The clergy hapo right to corn phin of this state of things, for if they had not actually promoted it, they had tacitly admitted it, while setting themselves up as the guardians of the public morals. They had reposed on the support of the middle classes, whose pew rents and subscriptions to schools had pur chased them immunity in their oppression of the working men. (Cheers.) But it was patent to the world that the priests of this country had now ceased to hold do minion over the minds of the people. (Cheers.) Either the priests lacked the will or the power to remedy the state of things complained of ; and that being so, it was for the people to plead their_own causo with the Legisla ture. Dr. Cumming said if the Crystal Palace were opened on Sunday, the same permission must be extended to the British Museum and exhibitions of various kinds. But the argument told the other way—if the clergy were powerful enough to close the Crystal Palace on Sundays, they might close Hampton Court, and stop the running of railways and steamboats, in the vain attempt to force people to church. The truth was, this was not a question between the Crystal Palace and the church, but between the Crystal Palace and Battersea-fields — between it and public-houses, .beer-shops, and other less reputable places of resort. (Cheers.) By raising the amusements of the people, their habits and morals would be improved ; and they would be thus brought nearer to a religious frame of mind, and elevated in the social scale. Instead of opposing this meagre, the clergy ought to go hand-in-hand with the working classes in seeking to obtain the boon ; they woukiVereby do more real good than by all their learned polemical disquisi tions. If they wished the working-classes to have no enjoyment at all, they should' first set the example. (Hear, hear.) Mr. FERDINAND°, delegate of the silk weavers, said he represented the inhabitants of Spitalfields and Beth nal-green, where there had lately been a large supply of churches ; but he could state that not more than one in fifty of the weavers attended those churches. Theywere low in the social scale, and their remuneration was a positive disgrace to the community. He could not tell how they lived ; they lingered on from day to day ; but it was one of the greatest problems that could be pro posed how they maintained their existence. (Hear, hear.) Most of them spent the Sunday in-doors ; they scarcely dared venture out on account of their lowered position. But they were anxious for the opening of the Crystal Palace, as a means of intellec tual improvement, and of consequent amelioration of their condition. They worked from 14 to 16 hours a-day, and their average earnings were 10s. a-week. Some of the better class, whose clothing was a little decent, ventured out on the Sunday, not to church, but on short excursions, and in the evening occu pied themselves with discussions on moral and intellec tual subjects. (Hear, hear.) The meetings held to oppose the opening of the Crystal Palace on Sundays were not a faithful reflex of public opinion. He had attended some, and found them largely composed of an cient ladies and antiquated gentlemen—(laughter)—of a class addicted to revel in tea and scandal. There were also young persons, Sunday-school teachers, of whom he spoke with all respect, but whose short experience of the world hardly qualified them to form a proper estimate of a question like this. There were the poor people who attended church on account of the small gratuities given away there from time to time. ("Hear, hear," and laughter.) Such were their opponents, along with the parsons ; and unless a movement was made on the other side, it might be supposed that these small parties expressed the public opinion. (Hear, hear.) He was confident that the Crystal Palace would be opened on the Sunday, for the public opinion and the intelligent portion of the press were in favour of it. (Cheers.) Mr. READ (the bakers' delegate) said that no class more needed healthful recreation than the trade he represented. They had hitherto been denied this needful rest, by the clergy amongst others ; for the Bishop of I London said that by one baker staying at home twenty persons were allowed to go to church— (hear, hear)—the bakers of the metropolis worked from 16 to 21 hours a day, with short and irregular intervals for rest, and some at the east end actually worked 144 hours in the week. It was most important to this body of men that some additional means of relaxation should be afforded them. (Hearihear.) Dr. Cumming admitted that not more than a dozen bakers, though a large number of them were Scotchmen, attended his church. (Hear, hear.) The resolution was then put and carried, with not more than seven dissentients. Loud cheering followed the announcement of the result. OPENING OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE ON SUNDAYS. A general meeting of delegates of the working classes of the metropolis took place, last evening, at St. Mar tin's-hall, "as an organised demonstration of the feelings and opinions of the labouring population of the metro polis in favour of the opening of the Crystal Palace on Sundays." It was stated that delegates had been elected from every branch of labour, representing the sentiments of 92,500 working men. About 100 delegates occupied the platform, and the body of the hall and spacious gal lery were densely crowded with the general public, chiefly members of the working classes. Mr. HENRY MAYHEW was called on to preside amidst loud cheering. He said the meeting was a remarkable one, from the numbers present, nearly double the inhabit ants of some German principalities ; it was still more remarkable from its representative character, the whole of the London trades having been polled, and the dele gates represented about 100,000 of their fellow-workmen. (Cheers.) It was one of the most righteous meetings ever held. (Cheers.) Their object was not to encourage Sunday labour or to abridge the poor man's rest, but to ensure to him the means of rational rest and improve ment. (Hear, hear.) The Puritans would have them believe that this was to commit a national sin. Was it national righteousness to keep the people brutally ignorant and deny them any pleasures more intellec tual than gin and tobacco ? A country which did this could be neither nationally righteous nor nation ally wise. The question was, Was there to be any medium attraction on the Lord's-day between religious exercises and debasing sensuality ? It had been proved to be impossible to make the people religious by Act of Parliament ; multitudes would not go to church ; and it was at least desirable to vigan the minds of such, by intellectual pursuits, from gross and debasing pleasures. (Cheers.) Some urged that there was a divine command for the Sabbath to be kept strictly, and to this consideration they first addressed themselves. They did not reject the authority of a divine command, but merely claimed the common Protestant right of in terpreting the injunctions of Scripture according to their consciences. (Cheers.) The theological objection being the main one in this case, they could not overlook it, unless at the risk of being charged with playing Hamlet, and omitting the chief part. (Hear, hear.) Christians, ')e it remembered, observed their Sabbath, not on the "a day, as commemorative of the rest of the Al ighty after the work of creation, but on the first day of ,he week, as commemorative of the resurrection of Christ. The one was a Jewish, the other a Christian, observance. Without quibbling, it was impossible to deny that the Old Testament command referred to Satur day. (Hear, hear.) What authority, then, was there for the present Sabbath law ? It was admitted that the Saviour enunciated no such law ; the Sabbath of which he spoke was the Jewish Sabbath of Saturday. Nor did the Apostles lay down any such injunction ; and there was no evidence that they ever regarded any other than their Jewish Sabbath, the observance of which was be lieved to be obligatory on all Jews and Christians till the destruction of Jerusalem. Some relied on the pas sages which spoke of the disciples coming together " on the first day of the week." But this merely showed that the early Christians were accustomed to meet on that day, not in compliance with any direct command. There was no injunction to abstain from labour or worldly enjoyment on that day. So far from this, the observance of the day was evidently regarded as one of the " weak and beggarly elements" of Judaism. During the Ist and 2d centuries of Christianity, it appeared from a letter of Pliny, jun., that the Christians were accustomed to meet for prayer on a certain day of the week ; but there was no mention of abstaining from labour or worldly occupa . seve: The Rev. J. T. BA LEE, secretary of the Lord's-day Observance Society, who announced himself as a work ng el man, expressed his wish to speak. &MAN, Maid. the weekii4i4244colll4o AcriCriE• in„ men and their representatives, butre'w, 'willing to waive the rule in favour of the rev. gentleman. (Cheers.) Mr. BAYLEE said he claimed the privilege of an Eng lishman to correct some misrepresentations that had been made. The chairman's argument had gone to prove that the Sabbath was designed both for the recreation of the working man and for his labour. ("No, no," and in terruption.) He was an advocate for every man enjoy ing the Sabbath according to his conscience, but let him do nothing to interfere with another's enjoyment of the same. (Cheers, and cries of " The bishops.") He for one never employed his fellow-men on the Sabbath. (Hear, hear, and cries of "Time.") The meeting be coming impatient and somewhat clamorous, the rev. gentleman exclaimed, "Ah you're afraid ; you dare not listen to argument or to the truth." (Great uproar, amidst which the rev. gentleman retired.) Mr. NEwToN announced that the meeting would be adjourned at its close till Wednesday next. Mr. WEBSTER proposed a vote of thanks to the chair man, which was seconded, and unanimously agreed to. Titi tiststlays --- The '..aine itSpearssilsfaarloasess.,__ of Justin the Martyr and others. As early as Tertul• lian's time Sunday was observed as a day of Christian rejoicing, the Christians indulging in mirth and festivity. (Hear, hear.) A decree of the council of Gangres, in Paphlagonia, A.D. 357, anathematised those who passed the Sunday in bodily mortification ; and an edict of Con stantine, while exhorting to a general rest from labour, made an exception in favour of agricultural labourers. Beza declared that the practice of a total abstinence from labour on Sunday, though brought in by Constantine with good intent, was to be condemned, as not abolish ing Judaism, but merely shifting it to another day. The early reformers held similar opinions. Cranmer, in his Catechism of 1588, claimed for Christians full liberty to select their own day for religious observances and rest from labour. Melancthon declared that the non-obser vance of such day ought not to be regarded as sin. Calvin proposed to transfer the observance from Sunday to Thursday, as a proper exercise of Christian liberty, at the same time denying any obligation to observe one day in seven. It was a tradition that when John Knox visited Calvin on the Sunday, he found his austere coad jutor bowling on the bowling-green, and it was custom- COLLISION ON THE MIDLAND RAILWAY.—A collision, ary with the bishops and clergy to recreate themselves causing considerable destruction of property, but hap in this way after divine service. (Cheers and laugh- pily unattended with loss of life, occurred on Tuesday ter.) The notion of a strict rest on the Sunday morning on the Midland Railway, about three miles being obligatory on Christians was first promul- north of Leicester. Close by the side of that part' of gated by Dr. Bonn, in 1594 ; it was opposed by man y the line where the collision took place is a ballast-hole, divines, but was warmly espoused by the Puritans. and shortly before nine o'clock a ballast train was leav- The dogma found its way into the " Westminster Cate- ing this hole, and entering upon the down line of rails chism," and had thus come down 'to our day. Paley, in upon the main line. The engine only had got upon the his "Moral and Political Philosophy," admitted that main line, when a luggage train, which had left Leices there was no injunction by Christ or his Apostles for an ter for Derby and the north of England about a quarter abstinence from labour on the Sunday, but that it was before nine, ran against it, and turned it completely merely an ordinance of human institution. (Hear.) over. The engine of the luggage trained was turned Some might say that, even if this were so, the fact upside down, and several of the goods vans were shat should be withheld from the p eo p le, lest it should lead tered to pieces, scattering their varied contents in heaps to a general desecration o f the Sabbath. This would be on the up line. The driver and stoker of the ballast train, one of the pious frauds for w hich bi g ots were so netori- strange to say, escaped uninjured, but th o se of the lug ous. (Cheers.) If the strict observance of the day were gage train were not so fortunate. They were at an idol of the conventicle, the sooner it was overthrown, first thought to be very seriously hurt, and were and the institution placed on its right footing (the im- removed to the Infirmary at Leicester as speedily as pos prevement of the body and m ind of the labourer)the sible. On examination it was f oun d t h at no b ones were better. necessity (C o fhe ourers .) physicalT h u The observanceuatfora certain portion of legs should rest onthe broken,and b and ips t . h el rft After injuries were principally bruises of the d recovering fr om th e s h oc k t h ey were relaxation, and to those eternal principles of justice, able to be remove to their homes at Derby, whither which were at least as obligatory as Revelation. (Hear.) they were sent by the mail train in the afternoon. One telegraphic ohiteegraphic communica tion The social grounds for the obse rvance of the da y he of the engines, or a goods van, appears to have been vio post, and all the wires smheoeutlidngpowstopuolnde be ell adjourned.nextWedn esHdaey,wtoonwldhiecohnteilmudeethbiys lwenertleybtrhorkoewnn, a p ga ut i t n i s n t g a a te s le to gs p ff tion for some hours. At the time of th e acc id en t th e re readin g the declaration of the working men which h ad been d r awn up and signed. It was as follows : was a dense fog, so that it was impossible to see any "1. That the working men wish it to be understand object more than twenty yards off. It seems that the Leicester, but the goods train had either passed the • that they are in no way desirous of questioning• the autho- men with 'the ballast train had turned on the signal, e,u,eopu it. It Ilitniesotow thought asridgs. rity of the decrees upon which the institution of the Sab- w ua h l ic b h efo is re s i i t tu w a a te s d tu a ru bo e u d t or 6 O h O ad y n a o r t d s s bath in this country is founded, but merely assert for themselves the right to interpret those decrees as their n. A c nsidera ble body of workmen were soon taken conscience dictates.-2. That the mode of observing the Sunday among the early Christians proves incontes- that the t heads e . arrangements y h ea of the t p 1 were e s e s rv e en d r i i n I t o uadsed before efpo ra i it departments sumae nts at Leicester, and tibly that the present Sabbath is a social rather than to the spot by es eting each passenger a divine institution.-3. That the Sabbath, whether viewed as a divine or a social institution, is designed hour, la ter. . and rr h b e y damage half-p t t o especially for the benefit of the labourer.-4. That while train with empty carriages. The passengers, by walk- Th down by would ae the working classes are desirous of obtaining such ing over that part of the line which was rendered im a relaxation of the present rigorous mode of observing passable for the regular traffic, were thus enabled to pur the Sabbath as will bring it back to its true uses—the re- s t u w e o t o h , e e i l r oe j k ou t r h n e ie u s p w li i n th e wlitastleeldeealra.y. We believe that no as d s e a la b y le ed fo m r or s e om th e an hou an rs creation and refreshing of the labourer—they are likewise especially anxious to guard the day of rest against any t n r o a t in be wa p s other encroachment than what is absolutely necessary, and at the same time to procure for their fellow-workmen who thegoods is notgreat it so as was at first thought may b© engaged in ministering to their necessities on the to be. A piansratell Sunday some other da y of rest in the week, so that the o and two ba s, e-boards were smashed, and a boon of the Sa bbath ma y be e q ually extended to all.-5. quantity of coffee was spilt. The oth er goods scattered That the working classes, moreover, desire no infringement upon the line did not appear much injured, but the ex of the day of rest, but such as is absolutely required for tent of the damage cannot be ascertained until the pack their physical and intellectual necessities.-6. That physi- ages are opened. The fog continued to be very den ca l r ecreation is as ne cessar y to the working man as food in the localit y where the collision took p l ace throughout se a nd drink is to him on the Sabbath.-7. That'refine d and the da y ; even when the sun was shining brightly intellectual en j o y ment, as well as the means of obtaining noon ), two miles off it was impossible to (about information , are even more necessary to the working man 40 or 50 y ards. see more than than physical recreation onthe Sabbath ; and that if these -u4 „, ' d him on the present day of rest, then SSENTIAL OIL OF ALMONDS. — On Tuesd ay n i g h t M r. neces sities be denied two Sabbaths must be app ointed in the week, one da y to W. Payne, the coroner, held an inqu est at the C r own be observed as a day of mere repose, and the other as a day Tavern, Blackfriar's-road, on the body of Mary John for the recreation o f the mental and bodily energies of the son, aged 45, who lived with Christian P o l an d , pro labourer." prietor of billiard-rooms, at No. 97 , Blackfri ar ' s - roa d, Mr. PRIDEAIJX, a delegate from the cabinet-makers, for 25 years, as his wife. O n Saturday last, she sat moved the adoption of the declaration. He said this was down at a side-table in the billiard-room, and said to neither more nor less than a battle with priests and Mr. Poland, " I have done it. After that he saw her creedmongers. (Cheers.) It was as though only priests with a phial in her hand. As soon as she had said this and publicans were God's ministers on that day. (Cheers.) she got up and went into the passage. He followed They could not regret that Belgravia had turned up its , her, having at this time the bottle in his hand. When nose at the Crystal Palace, and compelled it to find a she got into the passage her legs gave v sa — y , and she fell better site, where it was less tainted b y the p roximit y of on the floor. Being in alarm, he ran to a surgeon's. aristocracy. (Cheers.) Immediately the new site was The oil of almonds was in the house ; it was bought for determined on, the bigots had ransacked the " Clergy a sister to be used in cookery ; but by some means it List" to get up an opposition to it ; but they might as I was neglected to be used. It had been in the house for well seek to stop the waves of the Atlantic as to roll ' six months. The bottle was labelled " E ssence of bi tter back the tide of intelligence. (Cheers.) The declara- 1 almonds, for the purpose o f flavourin— g custards, bla.nc tion contained no infraction of any individual right ; it mange, or any kind of confectionary, avoiding the left every one free to act according to the dictates of his trouble of pounding the almonds, and is less expensive. conscience. I In using this article the palate will be the • I best guide, Mr. W. NEwToN seconded the resolution with great &c.—Lowe and Hornblower, 57, Blackfiiar's-road." pleasure, a n d sa id he subscribed to every one of the prin- She lived for about 20 minutes after W. E. E vans was ciples embodi e d in the declaration. He would avoid the called in. The surgeon said he had himself administered theological part of the question, and regard it as purely ammonia to her. On the Saturday morning she had a questi on o f s oc i a l interest and benefit. Both physical been to his shop for a small quantity of laudanum, and and intellectual recreation were necessary for the eoe• from the odour arising from a teacup found, it appeared their life was not to be one round of brutetoil' that she bad poured the laudanum andse. 1 f among the oi o pose. Not only was this necessary, but it would be ob- almonds. The jury returned a verdict of " Temorary twined. (Cheers.) Sunday which insanity " The foreman, on the verdict ofthe • was the only day on • saidh hdb Jury those who worked every day for twelve hours could relax being recorded, e a een requested by his bro. theniselves or derive mental improvement. th r J urymn to express their disappr o b a ti on of the way closing the Crystal Palace that peoplecould be forced to in which such bottles as these were sold. There was attend church. (Hear.) If nothing on the label to indicate that it was • and they were debarred from poison, higher recreations they would seek those of a more de- this indiscriminate sale of it they considered to be highly basing character. lie agreed with Dr. Cumming that improper. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. (From the Times.) The readers of Scott's novels will easily remem ber the catastrophe created when Richie Moniplies, in conveying to King Jaines I. an important me morial from his master, Lord GlenVarloch, took occasion to insert between the pages a " bit siffii cation of his own" respecting a small account for butcher's meat long overdue from the Royal house hold. The like experiment, nevertheless, has bpen recently attempted by no less a personage than Mr. Richard Cobden, who, in his elaborate exposition of the relations of Great Britain and France, has adroitly contrive,' to insinuate three of his own private charges against the institutionspf his native . country. That the hon. member dislikes our aris- . tocracy, and has a grudge against our church, is pretty well understood ; but the artifice by which these particular grievances were introduced in a . discussion upon French policy must have taken most people by surprise. Speaking of the abso lutism ascribed to the Emperor of the French, Mr. Cobden observes, in mitigation, that there are three things which even his supreme and irresponsible power could never accomplish, and that these things nevertheless " are all in full force in Eng land." The institutions thus dexterously stig matised are the Established Church, the Peerage, with its custom of primogeniture, and the exemp tion . of real property from probate duty ; so that three particular objects of Mr. Cobden's disfavour are insensibly put before the reader in passing as abuses of a nature in reality so detestable that the most absolute despot in foreign countries might vainly endeavour to establish them. We hope this most ingenious piece of tact will not be lost on a discerning public. With respect to the points at issue, we do not venture to borrow Mr. Cobden's confidence in pre dieting so circumstantially what Napoleon 111. can or cannot accomplish ; but this much we can tell him, that Napoleon I. did undoubtedly attempt one of these very objects ; that his attempts were suggested by the notorious desires of the country, and that, in despite of democratic repugnance, they were materially successful. The law of primogeni ture, as Mr. Cobden correctly observes, was de molished by the French revolutionists for the pur pose of perpetuating social equality, and these legis lators did their work with their usual zeal ; but the operation of their ordinances was found to involve such " insupportable tyranny"—we use the very phrase of French writers—that when Napoleon first succeeded to consular power, after the fall of the Directory, the removal of this grievance was forced upon his notice as a popular demand admitting of no delay. So intolerable, in fact, was the nuisance of the republican edict, that it was resolved not to wait even for the systematic remedies of the New Civil Code, and in the year 1800 an enactment was hastily passed restoring to all testators a partial, and to some an entire, right of disposing of their own property as pleased them best. English readers, perhaps, may be fortunately un conscious of what this matter really means. They may think that primogeniture, or, in other words, the settlement of a whole paternal estate on the eldest son, to the prejudice of the others, is rather unfair, and productive sometimes of cum brous and overgrown properties. Mr. Cobden, that his doctrines may not lack the farce of an example, takes occasion to speak of a certain " walled park" close by his own residence, " ten miles in circumference," implying, that such a possession is out of all reason for a single man. Now, we will not enter into the question of the relative productiveness of unbroken or subdivided estates, a question on which political economists have expended a vast amount of argument, but we will just explain, , for popular comprehension, what have been the measures devised for the suppresion. of the custom described. To abolish primogeniture it is not enough to say that an estate shall not ne cessarily go to the eldest son—that our law says already. So instinctive and common is the desire in the creator or possessor of a property to keep this property and the family together by perpetu ating some single representative of himself, that it can only be counteracted by imposing upon all men alike those testamentary disabilities with which in tyrannical times, our laws have occasionally visited cer,444 proscribei or suspected classes. The abolition ofNOTilogeniture;in the "social °quality" sense, means that no man shall have the power of making a will, but that the LegislatUre shall make it for him. To preclude the vision of inherited estates, so abominable in democratic eyes, the French revolutionists enacted, that any man hav ing children might dispose by will of one-tenth of his whole possessions, but no more, the rest being distributed according to their dictation, while, even if there were no children to inherit at all, a frac tion of one-sixth of his property was all that the law permitted‘a testator to consider his own. The consequences were easy to foresee. " Primogeni ture" was abolished, but at the cost of annoyance and disorganisation in half the families of the land. No man could regulate or control the behaviour of his children by his testamentary dispositions ; every child knew that, whether dutiful or unduti ful, wise or foolish, thrifty br good for nothing, he was safe to inherit a certain portion, nei ther greater nor less, of his paternal estate. No man in his age or sickness could promise a recompense to those who attended him, or be queath a legacy to those whose deserts he had practically ascertained. Possibly he might have no kin but cousins or nephews, whom he had never seen. This, however, signified nothing. The law stepped in, claimed the distribution of five-sixths of his property, and left him nothing but the remain ing fraction at his own disposal. So hateful had this tyranny become when Napoleon stepped into power, that he modified it instantly by restoring rights over one-fourth instead of one-tenth of their possessions to all men ; over one-half to those with out children, and over the whole to those without fitting heirs. The proposal excited the vehement opposition of the democratic party ; but so detest able had been the law, that it was carried by an immense majority amid the applause and congratu lations of the whole country. If it could be said that our custom of primogeni ture resulted in a species of social mortmain, so that half the land of the kingdom was locked up from the reach of purchasers, the case for reform would be substantial ; but that, nothing like this is the truth Mr. Cobden must be well aware. He himself has eagerly made it known that any work ing man, from his moderate savings, may become a county voter and a proprietor ; and, in fact, the very foundation of the Freehold Land Societies was the facility offered for advantageous purchases by the constant occurrence of laiae land sales. Within these five or six years we have seen some of our noblest houses stripped, not only of their estates, but of their heirlooms and personalities, down to the very crockery of the mansion. There is never at any time a difficulty in converting money into land, though there may often be both difficulty and loss in turning land into money. Mr. Cobden harps on the exemption of real property from probate duty ; but how does such property fare at any other transfer ? What does the transfer of 1,000 acres cost, contrasted with the' transfer of 50,0001. Consols Y Of late times, _indeed, we have heard considerably more of the burdens of land than of its privileges ; and, though the outcry perhaps had no great foundation, it was certainly not fair to bring forward a single privilege without a word of the compensations on the other side, This, however, may be matter of adjustment, though it savours of absurdity to quote it as an abomination beyond the power of a despot to in troduce ; but with regard to the institutions which Mr. Cobden, in his horror of aristocracy, would fain see substituted for our customs, we can use his own illustration in assuring him of a most in contestable truth. No species of tyranny what ever, whether exercised by a single autocrat or a democratic club, would ever be successful in de priving Englishmen of the right of testamentary , disposition. Our laws look with very proper jeal ousy on all arrangements tending to lock up estates, and favour all expedients for cutting off entails, or otherwise releasing encumbered proprietors ; but to go beyond this, and to limit every man's title in his own property to a simple life-interest, would be an act of oppression infinitely more odious than the existence of even 10,000 noblemen with parks ten miles round. (Korn the Morning Post.) Cobden, Bright, and Wilson are names which would lend a modern application to an old couplet without spoiling its metre : "Then Howard, Home, and Douglas rose The kindling discord to compose." Of Mr. Cobden and his peace treatise, we have already said enough to show the prodigious • igno rance of history which has encouraged him to be come an historical lecturer, and the mis-stated facts and erroneous assumptions on which he builds reasonings, more unsound, if possible, than the basis of them is illusory. Men have argued cor rectly on false data, and incorrectly on true. Either of these defects would render their counsels dan gerous, and. their teaching worthless. Both these THE WAR IN MONTENEGRO. (From the Times.) Whatever may be the exact and immediate cause of the renewal of hostilities between the Turks and the people of Montenegro, it is certain that the war has commenced with all the accustomed ferocity of these contests, and on a scale of very unusual mag nitude. When Sir Gardner Wilkinson visited this curious. and unexplored region of Europe, in 1844, he exerted himself to induce the Vizier of the Her- zegowine and the Vladika. of Montenegro to carry on the . r feuds with some some regard to the laws of civilised warfare, and to desist by mutual con sent from the abominable practice of decorating the spikes on the gateways of Mostar and Tzetinie with the heads of their respective prisoners. But the failure of this humane negotiation demonstrated the irreconcileable hostility of the two races, and every page of Sir Gardner Wilkinson's valuable work on Dalmatia and Montenegro (which is the only book of authority we possess on the subject) shows with what intensity the ancient hatred of the mar tial tribes upon the Dalmatian coast still burns against their Turkish neighbours and oppres sors. For upwards of ten years Osman Pasha, the present Pasha of Scutari, who is himself a Mohammedan Bosniak of Slavonian origin, has carried on a petty warfare with the Montenegrin chiefs, alternately attacking them and expell ing them from the islands in the lake to which they resorted to fish, or cajolling their dependents by presents and promises of protection. To re venge these acts of ill-will the Montenegrin• Prince Daniel made a foray in November last on the small Turkish fort of Zsabliak, and took it, as it was only defended by 27 soldiers. It is, indeed, di▪ fficult to suppose that this incident could have s ufficed an t d o induce the Porte to equip a cons i derable army a squadron of vessels of war, or that Osman Pasha p e ed on e b . has credit at Constan tino p le placed at the head of so impo tortancatusaenhunsex if to It would seem, however, that the present Turkish Government is resolved to take every opportunity of proving its utter indifference to the public opin ion and the policy of European States, and that it has seized with avidity the first opportunity that has occurred to carry fire and sword into the val leys of an independent Christian tribe. The Vladik a of Monteneg ro told Sir Gardner Wilkinson, on the occasion to which we have referred, that he might be certain the true sentiments of the Turks of the present day are thesame as they were in the time of Osman or of Bajazet, but that they contrive to deceive the diplomatists . of Europe by professions of civilisation, just . enough to induce us to overlook their monstrous inhumanities. The consequence, of course, is that hostilities are carried on withthe same ferocity on both sides, and we learn that the Mon tenegrins, having been successful in a nocturnal surprise of a Turkish camp, brought back with them 317 Turks' heads as the first trophies of the campaign. This wanton carnage is actually going on without any adequate provocation, or, indeed, ally definite object. The first attack made on Montenegro by the Vizier of Antivari, along the tongue of land which lies between the lake of Scutari and the sea coast, has failed. The advance of a second column under Osman Pasha by the valley of the Moratska has not been more success ful. In the north, the village and district of Gra hovo have been sacked and destroyed, but the Woivode is believed to have escaped to the Austrian territory. On both sides great exertions have been made to excite the population of the adjacent pro- .. /..77 a , ;f4 to take part in this conies . Th tra. &RN \ MT subjects of the Porte in 110 ' aal7 tlicL.., z IP7 zeg: ~ ne constitute more thanticiaapif;4l-: ,, \ t.-. 4,... 9 • tion, and still furnish the best is. 4 er3 ° !'W,„,t 1.7: 7 0,.!•\''', whole Turkish army. The peasaig ~,,... ~- _ ,7- , if - iisaltioVP, e , are to a great extent ChristianX. 1 ibey<4l l e-47,,. . unarmed and habituated to op - ~ . -,.- .. ",71, result of a more widely extended st ' perhaps, be a massacre of the Christia .. .tea which it is frightful to contemplate. The Austrian Government, having, probably, a clearer knowledge of a danger immediately contigu•-• ous to its own dominions, dreading the influence of Russia in Montenegro, and finding that the agents of France and England have not attended as yet to this subject, has at once proceeded with vigour to endeavour to arrest these calamities. Count Lein- - _ ingen has already been dispatched on a special mis sion to Constantinople to induce the Porte to recog nise the state of semi-independence in which the Montenegrins have lived for so many years, to stop the effusion of blood, and to pretest against the persecution of the rayabs on the frontiers of Euro- pean Turkey, which Austria announces herself de termined to prevent. At the same time, a consi derable force has been collected on the Dalmatian frontier, fullx equipped to take the field under the command of Jellachich, the Bnn of Croatia, whose influence over the Southern Slavonian provinces has already in former years produced results of such vital consequence to the Imperial Monarch. If the Court of Vienna should act upon the declarations which it is understood that Count Leiningen is in structed to make, it is evident that an entirely new and important element is introduced into what is commonly termed " the Eastern question." The policy of Austria towards Turkey has been for upwards of half a century ultra-Conservative. Even when France, England, and Russia combined to establish the independence of Greece, she refused to par ticipate in so revolutionary a scheme, and no Power hax shown, till lately, a stronger desire to support the tottering foundations of the Ottoman Empire. Some recent events have, perhaps, modified this friendly feeling,- and thu part -which Austria has now assumed towards the Christian subjects of Turkey in Europe is extremely significant. Prince George Petrovitsch, a near relative of Prince Daniel, of Montenegro, is known to be at Vienna, and in close communication with the Imperial Government. If the choice of the Ban of Croatia be confirmed as the commander of the Imperial forces on the frontier, his name is known through out those provinces as the living impersonation of that warlike Slavonian race which has been crushed for centuries by the Turkish Pashas. From Servia to the Dalmatian coast it is scarcely possible to doubt that a decided indication of support from the Austrian Government would be followed by a very general movement amongst the Christian popula tion. Were the Government of the Porte in the hands of more discreet and enlightened Ministers they would have foreseen and avoided these alarming contingencies by abstaining from the attack on. Montenegro. But as matters now stand at Con stantinople we have no reasonable ground of con fidence that the moderate counsels of any foreign Power will be listened to, or that the Turks will attend to any remonstrances. The financial condi tion of the Empire ought indeed to bring them to reason, for after hiving rejected the loan they have dissolved the Bank, and seem now reduced to live, like the Nizam, by exactions on the great vassals or wealthy merchants of the country. All their late acts bear the stamp of headstrong presump tion, and if the Sultan attempts to check the pas sions of the party in whose hands he is placed it might cost him his life or his throne. Yet the con tinuance of such a state of things must lead, at no distant period, to a catastrophe ; and in the pre sent state of Europe, when so little cordial union can be said to prevail between some of the principal States, it would be more than ever difficult to deal • on common and general principles with questions affecting the Turkish empire. Probably the grow ing spirit of independence among the Christian population of the European provinces of Turkey will at last give the signal of that change which diplomacy has so long laboured to avert ; and, pos sibly, the present expedition againt Montenegro has been undertaken from a belief that some ter, rible example is needed to crush these tendencies to insurrection. But this is a dangerous game. The whole country from the Danube to the Balkan might be roused by such a contest, and the mani fest interest of the Porte is to terminate the dis pute with Montenegro before it has assumed more serious proportions. SUSPECTED MURDER AT .RATCLIFF. J Yesterday morning, about half-past one o'clock, as police-constable 300 K, was going his rounds in Glass house street, Rateliff, he stumbled over the apparently lifeless body of a man lying in th roadway, under the windows of the Newcastle shop, at the corner of Broad-street and Glasshouse-street. The man had only his shirt, drawers, and stockings on ; there was blood oozing from one of his ears, and from the position in which the man was found the policeman was at once led to believe that he had either fallen or been thrown from the upper floor of the beer-house. The policeman immediately knocked at the door, and some of the inmates, who had not gone to bed, answered him, and the mutilated and wounded man was at once identified to be Captain Edward Pennington, the master of the ship Pallas, trading between the north and London, an old frequenter of the house, who was there on Tuesday evening, and went to bed in a room on the second floor, the window of which overlooks Glasshouse-street, at 11 o'clock the same night. Mr. Carson, a medical gentleman in Broad-street, and others of the faculty, were immediately sent for, and did every thing in their power to restore the unfortunate man, but he was beyond the reach of human skill, and he expired in about six hours afterwards. Bayliss, the landlord of the beer-house and his wife, said their opinion was that the deceased had thrown himself from his bedroom into the street. Very strong suspicions, however, are entertained that Captain Pennington has come y his death by unfair means, and that he was thrown into the street by some of the inmates. From a minute examination of i m n g ad o e ffi b c y e r M t r o . P t heemble, coroner,bea d i l t e a p o p f ea ß r a s Ratcliff t a h n e d premises simmon the window of the bedroom was raised to a height of one foot and nine inches, when Captain Pennington was found in the street. There are marks of a person's hands on the window sill, or stone, as if he had tena ciously clung to it for life as long as he was able ; and there are also marks on the brick-work beneath, The deceased, in his fall, struck the first floor immediately under the window of his bedroom, and dislodged two panes of glass. The frame of the window is also broken. There can be no question that the deceased fell in a per pendicular direction, and that he made a desperate effort to save himself. His body .was found close to the side wall of the house. If he had flung himself from the win dow of his bedroom his body would have been in the middle of the street. It appears that the house in ques tion is frequented by thieves and prostitutes. Many robberies have been committed there, and some of them have been of a very serious nature. The upper part is registered as a common lodging-house, and there were several women of the town, visitors, and others staying there on Tuesday night. A few of them slept on the same floor as the deceased. The affair has caused a great sensation in Ratcliff and its vicinity. Very recentlT Captain Peter Gray was hocussed and robbed in Gar den's-court, in the same vicinity, and, on a post =orient examination, opium in sufficient quantity to destroy life was found in the stomach. DISCHARGE OF MRS. THERESA SLOANE FROM NEW GATE.—Yesterday morning Mrs. Sloane was discharged from the gaol of Newgate, having completed the term of imprisonment to which she was sentenced. It will be recollected that, at the February session of 1851, at this court, she and her husband, George Frederick Sloane, the special pleader, pleaded " Guilty" to a series of most revolting cruelties to their servant girl, Jane Wilbred, and were sentenced to two years' imprisonment in New gate. In autumn last, being fast sinking, he received a pardon, and was removed from gaol to a lodging close by, wbere he only lived a fortnight. The miserable end of her partner in cruelty does not seem to have much affected her, for her health has been good, and she seemed in good spirits upon quitting the gaol, only look ing somewhat pale from long confiement. She does not seem to have any friends, for, excepting Miss DevanzA , who is stated to be a daughter by a previous marriAget not any one has called at the gaol to see her. DEATH OF LADY MUNCASTER.—Her lad hip, who died on Saturday, in Connaught-place West, was youngest daughter of the late Sir John Ramsden, Bart., of Byram-hall, Yorkshire, and aunt ,to the present baronet. Her ladyship survived the late Lord Alun caster, who died in 1838, by whom she has left issue the present Peer, born in 1831, and other children. STEAM COMMUNICATION BETWEEN LIVERPOOL AND THE AMERICAN CONTlNENT.—Yesterday afternootz, about one o'clock, the splendid screw steam-ship City of Man chester, Captain Leitch, sailed from the Mersey - wan passengersrhiladelph Philadelphia. dshae belongs valuable to o car t g h o e eonftemrperricshthangdifistirre for Messrs. Richardson, Brothers, Tower -buildings, Livi. pool. About half-past one o'clock, the same af t t e ern_o u o i n; the magnificent new screw steam-ship Alps,la 1 b i fi o r r s first h v e o for New York and Chagres, with a very large cargo of Cunard voyage, under Company, the ee m m sailed and f r o o f n the ap taII, Mersey lv c y k o n in a her n, merchandise on board. SHOCKING DEATH.—Some men employed at a soap boiler's, in the R ue Rigord, at Marseilles, perceived a few days back some bones and afterwards some female attire ascend to the surface, as they stirred up the boil in.. matter. The clothes were at once recognised to have been seen on the sister of the foreman, who had disap peared since the morning. Notice was given to the commissary of police, who had the boiler cleared out, and the rest of the remains of the deceased collected for burial. The flesh had completely disappeared, having been boiled down by the action of the heat, with the exception of the liver, which still remained entire. The bones had been in some degree eaten into by the boiling matter and the alkali. It is supposed that the deceased had thrown herself into the boiler in the morning early, during the absence of the workmen.—GaZignami. so'