The Sun. — London, England, 1801-10-02 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. slit, Tug Writers in• the Morning Chronicle, and, in some other, of the Opposition Newspapers, fre, r!oently complain of an apathy which they suppose pervades the minds of the People of this Country. *They should be the last persons to make this corn: pi,' int.: The' only . instance in which that apathy appears,, is one in which it exists: very much to their , advantage:` 71 . Wenty ye:ars ago,.. the 11/1_ patriotic language. of these Writers would not have been tolerated by the hatigiillicizti spirit of English men. , Such. Wtiters; and the vehiele.s of - their opinions, 'would have been despised and abandrined, by 'every set and description of men ; but - it' has peen ode of the many . evils Whichluts sprung .froth • the French Revolution, - -that if we have .not im bibed its pernidions principles,,,we-have,learnt from it to become' Freethinkers in Politics ; and: the first lesson of this do&.rine teaches' us, ,to, relinquish= all partiality for our own Country, . ... • • ..When Mr. Fox, in the course .of the American War, wished -the . : Americans success, , grave 'men were astonished at the boldness of such‘an - avowal; , • and he was supposed to have outste-pped the bounds of fair °opposition. "refer such men to the pages of the Morning Chronic*, and the boldness of 'Mr. Fox will vanish and sink into nothing'at every line. they read. We were called Upon lately by the Morning Chronicle, to exult in the abundant • Har vest (not in England, but) ,in France ! in the Country of our implacable . Enemy, : BONAPARTi is, of course, .in the eyes of, these Writers, every thing chat- is • wise, great, and :magnani mous, while, our own Ministers are represented'as the most helpless 'drivellers that ever were seleet ed for any office. But magnanimity, and, other great virtues, are not confined, by these-Writers, • to the First Consul. When the attack was Made at i_lotilogne,'a speech was put into the mouth of the French Commander of the Gun-boats, in which he is made to address our Seamen, advising them not to make the attack, and assuring the " brave fel lows," that it was risking their lives in vain.— We suppose the inventor of this story, so industri- Dusly circulated by the Opposition rapers, flatters himself that at the moment when ~the French are t;treatening the Invasion of this Countsy, he has dole something to rcrider the . Charafter of a French ;-pan.amiable in the eyes 'of our 'People. Now all this, Sir,''appears to me 'to be-pew, 'and it alartning. novelty. ; .1 - fowever widely Parties dif feresl, formerly, our' Country and its: in:eresta Were 'held sacred by all ; but the new Philosophy of. the 'french Revolution has taught some - of . us . to' love our Enemy . better than ourselves. 1, Sir, have many objeftions 'to *this Philosophy, and not. the least among them is, that its doarines, as taught by our Countrymen,- approach.very near to what our Law calls Treason. ' • When the Writers to whom I have alluded, labour in their vocation, .howeVer nee:a - 194i, I do not, complain of them. If an Expedition like that against g g ypt prorfiises _success, we aretold it is 'contrary to all expegation, and a' faint praise ;$ .bestowed ppon the fortunate General.; but -, if-an enterprize fails, Ministers must - be to blame for planning it, and as fair a wreath is woven for the unsuccessful hero,. as if they really SUspeaed him of treachery. An Opposition Newspaper has been the .channel through, which unsuccessful men of talents have always vented the spleen of dis.lppointroent. We might expert tp find in it, unjust, vioktrt, but some times eloquent inveaive. Mr. ADD I NOTON, who was lately thought a most excellent roan, is' now covered with fatilts, but every body' knows' that these faults are to be resolved into one , ---he -has , dared-49 be Minister, and that carries with it a. "` multitild; of transgressions."--'-This, however, is unirersally understood, and no mischief can result from it ; but when these Writers state the French charaeter as noble. apd generous, and that of- an Englishman as meek and subpiissive—when they represent the praftice of the British Constitution as 4/a9tr . y, and that of the Frenci Republic as liberty, we feel indeed, that the chara4er of our Country men is in some degree degraded, in submitting with so trench apathy , to such reproaches, and in tolerat ing the circulation of those vehicles by which such ciliumnies are conveyed. I am, Sir, Your's, 84c. ANTI-GALLICAN. THE SUN. lOLEM DiCtki 1 , 11,4,51;:d AIJDIAT L'O NDO N, OC TO E R z, Tins forenoon the following Gazette EXtraardi- Vlrj was publisLed, announcing the happy Event of the PRELIMINARIES of PEACE having been o'gncd at seven o'clock last .-night, between this country and France, by Lord HAWKESBURY on the part of 1 - i MNJEsTr, .and M. Orro on that 'sot the French Government. • • • THE LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 7„ .11331. D,; , 7,tming-striet, ,'ober 2,7 So 7 . Preliminaries of Peace between , His MAJFSTY and the French Re public were signed - last Night at Lord Hawkesbury's Office, in Downing-street, by the Right Ho rcurable Lord FIAWIZESitUB.Y, One of His Majesty's Principal Secreta ries of State, on the part of His MAJESTY, and by M. OTTO, on the part of the French Goverhrnent. WE are' at a lois for terms in which we may adequately convey our Congratulations to the Pub lic,in announcing the important and happy event of the. PRE I. IMINARIES Of PEACE having been signed last night in Downing 7 street, by Lord HAWICES. sv R Y and Mr. OTTO. Of the TerMs we are as yet i unable to speak with any degree of precision or certainty ;• but we are conlinced; that they will be found to be in all re speEts consistent with \ the HOnour . of His Majesty's Crown, and' the true Interests and Charafter of the . , . . Nation. The. only, circumstance that has yet been. mentioned, as e-t istituting a feature of the Treaty Is, that the integrity' of the Dominions of our *Three Allies, the QUEEN Of PORTUGAL, the KING of NAPLES, and the GRAND Sr. IGNIOI2, has been se .cgred ; and that whatever Restitutions have been agreed - to, arc the price by which we are, to attain that great and * important objea. If this be the' case, we shall indeed close the Contest in a manner worthy of the good faith and magnanimity for Which this Country has ever been so pre-eminently distin d. At nine o'clock this morning, the LORD MAYOR appeared at the Stock Exchange, attended by Mr. HUNTER, jun. one of His Majesty's Mesbengers, and made public the following Letter " Downing -street, Tbuildg, OR. I, I got, " at Night. ic MY LORD, " I have the greatest satisfaaion in informing you, that Preliminaries of Peace between Great Britain and Fiance, have been signed this Evening by myself, on the part of Hrs MAJESTY, and by M. Onto, on the part-of the French Government. g' I request your Lordship will have the good ness to make this intelligence immediately public in the Cley. • - " .1 have the Honour to be, &c. &c. (Signedy •" HAWKEPURY. " To the Right Hon. the Lord Mer.pr." In consequence of the above communication, Stocks immediately experienced a very considerable rise. Omnium rose as high as Eghteen per Cent. Premium, 2nd the 3 per Cent. Consols. to 661,- 1 Both had fallen back about one per Cent. when our Paper was put to Press.. This morning a Servant, of Lord ELckN..arrived at. Lord HA'wKEsupßY's. Office, 'with Dispatches from - Constantinop/c.--MENov•had agreed to a Ca pitulation. - • • r S -ACCUSTOMED as. we have been to the falsehood of the Military statements. of the French, we can give but little credit to those which Generals TRIN and ATURAT have- transmitted to Paiis re.: speBing the alt . :lir which took place on the 14. th of September, in the Island of Elba, and we think on, the contrary, that it may have been as honourable • ~ to our Troops as advantageous to the besieged in Porto Ferrajo. The objet of the disembarkation. made by Admital WARREN could not-have been to. gain an establishment on that Island for the Troops which he had .diembatced, and-still lest to lodge them all iriPorto Ferrajo, as the Garrison had shewn itself sufficiently strong to repulse the besiegers, and as any considerable reinforcement would have tended to have expedited too rapidly the consumption of Provisions. Sit j: B. WARREN could, it seems to us, therefore, have had no other objeCt in view, than that of 'throwing into the besieged Fortress provi., sions and ammunition, and perhaps, a small reinforce ment of Troops. This we conceive he has accom plished, and we found, our opinion on this subject on the account of- the French Generals themselves. They say, that at the same time, - that the' English Troops effeaed their disembarkation in several placcs, the besieged made a sortie, and took nos_ session of a Battery 'which had prevented the Ene my's Shiis from coming into Port. They state after wards, that the English Ships took advantage of the . moment that the Enemy became masters of one of our Batteries, to enter the Port. It follows, the,refore, evidently from these two quotations, that the English Frigates and - the besieged must have' been for several hours in communication toge ther, and consequently that Admiral WARR.EN Might have sent into the place all the Troops he could .have wished.--Thel space of six iours, which, according to the French account' -was! : the • duration of the Engagement, was perfealy sufficieni for the accomplishment of this operation; after that our Ships naturally left the port, and our Troops rcimharied. Probably they had only been landed in order to divert the attention of the French to several points, and to favour the re-viClualling of the place. --There seems, reason to believe, that Admiral WARREN' entertained no longer any uneasi, ness respeaing. the safety of Poeta Ferrajo after this Expedition, as he left the Roads of the Isle of Elba, and proceeded to blockade Toulon. It is a singular circumstance, that it was not until the 25th ult. that the French Papers made ally mention of the Revolution in Holland, begun on the isth, and terminated on the r9th of September. This Revolution furnishes a -convincing proof of the futility of all the democratic doarineS produced 'by the French Revolntion, - in the continual ten , dency to change, which is - to be observed in art the Governments instituted by it. We have seen 130. NAPARTE himself destroying, after the lapse of a few Months,' the first Constitution Which he had given to the Cisalpine Republic-- , -we have seen that Re-' public, as well as that. of Liguria, since following all the political changes of the "Mother Republic. The Constitution dilated to the brave Mountaineers' of Switzerland, on,the smoaking ashes of their de.. molished hamlets, has not of longer duration, and they are at this moment Mill abandoned to in testine divisions, which-prevent them from uniting their efforts and their strength to shake off the chains with which they'are laden, and from calling' back to their rocks apd to their mountains that , liberty of which neither .rlie Romani-nor the Houses of Austria and .Burgundy. were able to deprive • „ . them. The majority of the Dutch People' abandoned themselves but very reltietantly to the „influence of the French Revolution, and father submitted to the Republicans than fraternized with them. To the " honour of this phlegmatic People, it,should be re-1 collected, that the period of Revolution in that Country was neither marked by massacres, by nu- Inerous proscriptions, by modifications or Religion, nor even by the adoption "of the Republican' Calen ' dar It was natural that this lukewarm disposition to Revolution should be 'unpleasant to the Revolu tionary Archetypes ; acid the French- Governinent,' not contented with having, , from the year I-79g, drawn out of Holland all that she could furnish in money or valuable merehandize, wished. to ptaft still further Obedience; and to convert that Country into a mere RePublican Province. Thus , it' appears that the violent.cliiinge which has - taken place - at the Hague was preConceeted at ,Paris,• for neither • , the tranquil chara&er of the Dutch would have na turally led diem ,to such an extremity, nor Would their politicat slavery have allowed them to think of it without the authority of -the French Govern ment. The intervention of SEMONVILIE, and the Command given to General AUGEREAU, can'leave no doubt (Ton the subjeCt.—ln all - the Revolutions which France has effeae . d in that . Country; she . .seems to have another object beside that of making' the political form of their Government similar to her, own. • Fearing that the People of Holland, confid ing in a stable although a bad ,Government, might, in the end, reflet Upon their situation, calculate • . . their strength, and unite in '.opinion, Fiance has used her utmost efforts to keep them in a state of constant agitation, and. has• thus contrived to di vide their interests by the, emotions of public pas. sions and private enmities. In these disputes, as one of the . Parties has always appealed to the French for support, she has' been able with great case to play the part of Supreme Regulator, and to make herself :as much courted by the one Party as feared by ;he other. By this IVlachiavelian policy, the Government of the Thuilleries flatters itself with the hope of being able to keep the conquered Countries, and affiliated Republics in submission or, if the fortune of Arms should release any one of them from its yoke, it calculates upon having suf.: fie . iently ,exhausted their 'resources, and sown divi sions in their mind's, - to preclude all danger from. their revenge, How. long this destruftive policy will siicceed, we shall not take upon ourselves to prediet, but it is much to be wished that it may be overturned by force of Arms, 'by the concentration of the views, or the preponderance of the Great ; Powers of Eutope. It is full lime for them to consider that they have but these two : means of safety re maining, and that the objeft of France. is to de stroy them one after the other, in order 'after wards to exercise unlimited . dominion over We see Citizen BACIIEI2, sent, with egregious impudence, to signify to the Diet of Rintisbon that its deliberations, are too- tardy. By what right does France intermeddle in the internal affairs of the Germanic Body ? She can have, no other motive in sending the Noce presented by Citizen BACHER, than that of insulting the Diet, for she is already in possession of - all the advantages which it is possible for her to attain through the Peace of Luneville. We see with pkasure, that the reply of the Diet has not been wanting in firmness ; and 'this circumstance, joined to the Elea , „:on of the BISHOP of MUNSTER, .effiileki in despite a France and Prussia, chew that every sentiment of, ndepenctence is not yet wholtf extinguished in Germany. May the incessanr ex amples of imperious hauteur, and the - spirit Of dominion which are so , proniinent in the char:l6ler of - the Republican Government, at length produce that salutary effe t °tulle Continental Powers, which can alone secure their future political existence PAturAlidtrir, it is stated; will meet on the 29th instant, for the dispatch of business. The DUKE of YORK is returned- to town, after having reviewed the troops in the Eastern Districts and inspe&ed the different . military stations in that part of the Kingdom. The Garrison of Dover was inspeCted on Tuesday last by General Fltr,t,st, who was accompanied bf Sir ROBERT LAURIE; . and a number of SraifOfh cers. The troops were brigaded on the occasion,' and performed a sham - fight with, great precision atid effect. On - the following•day General HuLsi dined with several.Ofiicers -in the _Castle, and yes terday proceeded to Chatham, `to take the coinmaud of that Distri& -He is , succeeded Dover by Ge neral DON, who arrived there on Wednesday, ac companied by his Aids-du-Camp, Immediately after his -arrival, he - proceeded to inspeft the several Fortifications. 'Tie great gunS were exercised, arid fired in several of . the Batteries. Yesterday several hundred Seathen attend-lat. the Admiralty Office, for the purpoe (f being pa). ,41- to Greenwich and Chatham: These brave fellows have been woundectin the service of their King and Country, and ,of, course, are entitled to relief. Sir THOMAS TROOB RIDGE and Captain IVIAnicITAg were appointed to distribute the necessary relief, and Dr. MILLER, of Greenwich, attended CO exa mine the condition of their wounds. 'h is acknowledged that one reason, for the _sur render of Cairo, was the difficulty of keeping in . awe thirty thousand. of the Inhabitants, men capa ,' ble . Of bearing arms, who were anxiously waiting for . , the first opportunity of wreakin g t h e i r reveng e on.the French for the loss of their friends and rela... tions. It is very probable that Nirivou Is under a ' similar difficulty in Alexandria—a difficulty that must indeed have been °increased, when the People of the latter placcheard of the success.of the. English in Cairo. We m4y, therefore, expeetlioon to hear that MENOU is unable to . maintain .114,.v05i, and we may perhaps hear alsb, ,that the Turks and the Natives will not .let the Trench' dqart 4ithout experiencing some 'signal marks of popular vett- , geance. 'General REWARD, thqugh, perhaps, he maT not have satisfied the Chief Consul, of the-necessiti of his Capitulation, must undoubtedly have con vincedevery impartiak . man," that he was justifiable in not . attempting to retccat to Damietta ; lie had, he says, - that measure in cOnteipplatton, but._ v,:s in duced to &ive.it'up for' (wo - reasons—fiW, because he could nor get lo it on account of the English and 'Turkish Armies—and, secondly, because if he had been able to reach it, he could not &Fut , r:ot into as it *as in the possession of the Allies. , It reins to be - seed whether the Batavian Di reetory will carry 'their admiration of French prin ciples and French conlat!l so far with the Members of the Legislative. 136dy whom they have thought proper to arrest, as to transport them td Cayenne and ; -indeed, as the. new laatavian Revolution inns effeded, in concert with the French Goverment, it is highly probable 'that the latter Will assist also in the ext.:?-tation of rejradcry Patriots. The Clef 141 Cabi,,,et of the 24.t1i ult. contains the following information respeaing the death of the late - Eruperor PAUL : • '' It was at the moment where the English h a d passed the Sound, that PAUL I. W;0 :Issassinated in the midst .of. his Court. The plot had been formed some ,months before in the house of 'So-, Bow's Aunt, for it seeins that women are de s tined to' take a part in all great catastrophes that qccor in Russia, An Engli.h Colonel vas the soul of t ll6 conspiracy, and furnished the means for loraiin4 and keeping together the nparty. that Wi d s conneacc l . with it. Suoow and PArt.ti\t, the favourites 01 ' Nut. I. were the chiefs of it ; and by means of the situations they held, they easily Carried it into- 0 ' ecution. - .The particulars of this bloody tragedy -are well known. • ,No pains were taken to c onceal them. The 'Nephew of S u nnw, who had bcea sent by ahem to Borlin to announce -cite accession of - ALExAIv or.a, and who nas since been dis graced as well as they, 'was heard publicly to talk of the ,assasSination, 'as if it was an event th i a; had happened several ages. before. It is said, than; the Plan of the Conspirators was to have gone n 0 farther than forcing the EMPEZOR to abdicate the . Throne ; but it. is difEccdt tit)'entertain such an opi nion, when it is kno%vtt who were the instigato o and : a&ors. in t his- CataStrophe. ' " The death of PAut led to the dissolution c" ). the Northern Coalition. In vain car, it be said that the Armistice of Copenhagen had produced that effea. It is : true, that Armistice opened the 13 31 ,': tic to the English ; but' the Russian and Swedis h Squadrons had nothing to fear at Cronstadt or Carlscrona ; .an,d Denmark had no time to tna4l preparations for defence.. What advantage c ottl" the English derive from - being masters of the Baltic during the frost, when all the Ports of the Cunt'' rent must have been. silk against them ? the First, in concert with • FranCe, would hate struck the most fatal blow against that NatiOil'.• He had already intimated to the Courts of pie& and Lisbon to separate , theMselves. fioT. England ;' .and that, he would continue to Pr ° — tea 'them if they desired it. The Porte no' haVing 'attended to the advice given her, not to co-operate with the English in their tion against Egypt, a numerous Army was midr ( - 41 ; e : ing towards'. Turkey. PAO!, I. had 'formed th prpjed of attacking the British Em Aire in I ° 6i " . This project did not present insurmountable difficatc, ties, if it was considered that the'French; who Avc , to. have afted in ' concert with the Russians , were masters of Egypt ; and that a Russian Arm}' 1%1,5 already on the borders of the Caspian Sea,"