The Sun. — London, England, 1845-02-01 00:00:00

s ri A k i n, r M 1.4 AND it 4,11-.ltott, " Pl4O runs mat/ rear '(.' sr - . 1 74:41*A47.. A rand ball was given at the 'Tuileries on T ues d ay 'evening, which was most numerously attended. The Iw h"le of the galleries between the Salle du Trone and the theatre, and also the Hall of the Marshals, were ap propriated to dancing. Goth The Pri nce and Princess Augustus of Saxe-Coburg a, with the young Prince, their son, h ave arr i ve d at the T u i leries on a, visit. A Council of Ministers was held on Wednesday, at one o'clock, at the Tuileries, at vs hich the King pre aided, dirthe rep ort of M. Saglio on the Customs Bill has been tibuted to the D e p ut i es. The Committee has adopted The the protective system as th e b as i s of its conclusions. tat s cr edits to b e d emanded this year for the French cr edits in Oceania amount to 2,034,800 E, of which tho sum of 1,056,000 f. is to be applied to salaries, Paqt troops, &c., and 988,800 E to various stores. triennial report on Primary Instruction is shortly __,t° thepublished. This document had been already far ISCIVR it, need when M. Villemain's illness caused it to be --813"ded• The report speak s o f i mportant improve- I lltltta th at truction. have been effect e d in this section o f p u bli c tze ealth The fullovving favo ura bl e account of M. Villemain's l' appears in the Si( cle :—" One of the topics of conversation at the Chamber of Deputies, on Tuesday, _ Maya letter from M. Villemain to the Duke Decazes,. min a lets for sound sense, delicacy, and elevation of rliti4nt• In it the ex-Minister makes allusion to his Zlnoval from his functions, ' which,' he remarks, ' was, Zt-rhaPa, somewhat too hastily determined on.' He . also , Pr a e s a ses his gratitude for the kind consideration evinced a e li: g r " him in proposing a pension for his family, but . NI %he ish to see the proposition withdrawn. Ilis to ystiLrit', says, without being considerable, is sufficient ki t t g, 4 ee his wife and children beyond all fear of want, ts,:l' e (I,oes sot, he declares, renounce the hope of being Zt t heful to them." it et ' ae Mini ster of War, finding that the m a j or it y o f t h e aies. of ins ubordinati on i n the army arise from drunken 4i, ' Has sent a circular to the commandants of divi ,f 11, directing them to use tot the severity the rules toa`,liltsteioilLiine warrant against soldiers found in this Th e ', I am works on the Boulogne railroad, between Amiens r Abbeville, are advancing rapidly The prepare 'l°4 for thel.4,4,works on the other part . of the line are T h J e c omplet e d . N nie 1 Urrter du Gard states that the south of France,, ean after t h l ar . l Y the parts adjacent to the Mediterranean, seine' "mg been for some time past visited by heavy . _ at present enjoy fine spring weather. The cold ,con. ) ,, •ani n r‘vwly disappeared, and vegetation was ad he4,,llipidly. Dti e b , t;tnperor of Russia has appointed the Grand , Eli z 138 Olga Nicolaiewna to the post of Colonel of the ,arlitheth Grand Hussars, which regiment is hencefor- A let ter t°ass ue the name of her Imperial Highness. part from Trieste of the 19th states, that the Cotp -441 wh ich was formed a short time ago, at Vienna, for t ers t ng with the East Indies, reckons amongst its mem- f that some ef 'the wealthiest bankers and merchants o to ..., 4)144, and that several houses of Trieste are about , ,F il tt e el;triares in the concern. tast aeh ajaaw journals announce the death of . Prince Go, ertl ' oanguszko on December 2, at Slawuta, in the f Jeron„llletit of Volhnia, aged 77. He was son o Co ll , v Sangnsako last P l tine of Volhynia, and the t. 8% Ala • Co , rta Petocka. thijPoi n vAlward Raczynski, a noble Pole, inhabiting i. ' etnntnitted suicide n the 19th inst. The cause of ash act il not known°. In th „ 344 : 9, AVID Pozacis. Itillv e -Ils e of Ambler V. the Lancaster and Carlisle ju neti a3, the Master of the Rolls has just granted an in their it?il restraining the defendants from deviating from in !Juthe of railway which passes through the plain l uatlnsisuch injunction to continue in force . until the cat in theurnarY- with libert • to move fur its dissolu- Atp.io"we.nstreeaentt,irin):: it 'R b rick Carroll was charged with hav -44, 'Nally as -, .E 159 (not on b... y) i sau ea. policeman Alen, thig 4-str 41. I' 4 the house of Mr. Wright, the Bull's Head, e W4'l°p„.eet, Bloomsbury between four and five o'clock 48 evening, w es ' committed fe r a month. it Wo "I ieck, described as a horse-johber, was charged rom it << I,3litslll.iPostreet with having obtained a horse t 41, willaiterep,exet,er, a livery stable-keeper, in George " Pri so ""P I, under false and fraudulent pretence s. exch._ tier had obtained the horse by giving a bill of treo_pre7egtt'tt.'aer,n, 00,n.a person named S ddttrt whom he os. The ','l, n Wing an official situation t° in ' the Cus inaseit st not was dishonored and an old man calling 4-- es oddart, was introduced as the acceptor, who kyr; . op ted himself as W t h 4 „l t ni hip ) S i nce, __ I,vol-th 10,090 k N hi g had been tr the +. 4 y oung na and ..ai.r. Stod .art . , of the Customs, an, tadignantly denied all knowledge an e e. ‘ralisaetioll. The prisoner was rem d d for a T hom / I Ah .serirr t anaa j -, the Lambeth magistrate, has discharged aspieio °nes, who has been atir k , o,s n of h. some time i ' s wi lia , ving I,_ - .11'lasing caused the death of ie h - eife t t t,! Made the post mortenz examination, causes, cust . o fe dy th on u at her death was occasioned by natural Th e e 4 C0174%.-----114.1saroarteleae.: le Zreed c2lreesis and Marchioness of Westmins r , gave a the t eete 4 .4 l °ll Monday last at Eaton Hall, to celebrate otiri -, arl of Listoweil, Ti e D 4 3' of Earl Grosvenor. 1 anions list ,t, , Perrnoy the Noble Earl's seat in Ireland, e • ri, is e • who did not come to town from Kingston llous , teßbtsbri , xpeeted in a few days at . er,„:The earl"ge, to attend the elpening of Parliament. ~_ ~ and is,v4e:it toLublin, unless of Huntingdon and taint 3 have Ind, I,k`i',.4r,ehihald St. Maur, L, rd Gardner, Mr. Coke, staying at 140.t0n.. Surtees are among the party now i tord Q_ h4tth eoccieil en cy °tests r,"andya has arrived at his Lordship's seat, Om liYe:°°rt, Worcestershir from a tour of visits. Baron Bruen'now has returned to Ashr thiso44l "u , e from visiting the Marquis and Ma _-, 4111,4101 am litt3. Ind th:,Of P.xeter, at Burghley House, near Stamford bit bpnke of leutland, at Belvoir Castle. Cl a- to join the Duke of Beaufort's circle Stanley, Bart., has left the C a a ; , 4 ll _ 1-le 4 4411r8layra!tille 111144kuar li! ,4 ll l tO l t * .'the benefit of the tiaCleta-4;nCer3' annual ttllnstitaution took Ce ,ii ravern, when Party of its friends stet PPortere a nuemerons . has at pre -4 eb,3l, .assembled. The institution ors place at the , te a 44 f 0 thirty pensioners decayed cheesemong , l,else. mutill,l_3; (iniah r.eceivin 24/. per annum. - nd U nhe e Q"1. ceting of the Islington Literary ,sirles u`;'oetety took Place on Thursday `aair q„_"°odward fe pl2 ' p - Went, in the %tie ' 'tie ' —sq.' —IS" President of the undevi tt t socet,_ , Port presented an evidence evening, e e, kneel,:tinding the efforts made for the .diffusion.e. i 4:o,.oaittee 1 4' , in that populous neighbourhood by L 41:ptctl ; itbd that the exclusion of all controversial te. ''t4i or led every class of thinkers to avail ts m Ailhe t P advantag, a it holds out. era,• '''°l'ds of the Treasury having had under con tt`se,,l°ll a tr, 1,. ‘ - etio,,, ~ -.Port tram the Commissioners of Customs, 4st e4l i. e wie introductions of the Customs agents licencehave tt tlthebieleral of the out Ports, their Lords p 4ttsett; the Commissioners to direct that the agents or it .rig bun, gcn,el, riy il) oilleBs Which shall relate to the clearance , li es at 4: 4 ' of any goods or baggage, at the Custom_ e di„,. e under tnentioned ports and places, b orh 4 '1 eke manner as those in Loudon, viz., Dover, (.1 t•Q' Volkstone, Brighton, and Southampton. tc4te ridttY the - t c ._ nt tr,iBsi_ ~ re e as a 1 orth, to tjo"c lea ve °,,u-, held at the Zion Chapel, ‘ a raj,. meeting of the friends ‘, _ w of Pro ett!ttis, I , ° _i the Rev. Mr. Newbiegin and other tleseee 0141')utst to depart for Western Africa. T e t t the oxf" Publication of the days at which the assize! ito Ki ri rd Circuit would be held, the day appointed 1411,herR,„tlhe commission of Stafford has been altered ,7 t(1 ... ossal fi ur fK . do" orkt,tlaY, the 13 th, to Friday, the 14th of Match. tor" the col a re now actively, employed in cleansing . t hr ow the bttl„,g eO . ing i IN 'lliarn statue )),, e _u op en to „uing being removed, and the base will IV., prepare ~ nt Av er Loe View/ ot the public. The . . it being tro'44taensed wYi.°l.°"el and Pleasing appearanceL The four fizitt foet.paths`u, nuMerous naval trophies. th s .g!ts lain 0 leading., to the figure will be lighted by 1,131.101 e cork ° Inassive granite pillars. Inaf . ew days / too te d by 1,..r.'„w11l be plete when it will be ir . 4.6,1,1 Ilizh '''' alajeaty the Queen Dowager, and his le,gaving?„eB ' rinse Albert, those illustrious persuni- Ns4 kieie"tirn4kd their desire to view it when fiished. le 1 1 ,t It'e ed Scary dinner of the united Clickers' Bene uttleorils, e ociet e ,-,,, ' "I" held on Friday, at the Assens- Por t 4 loy 4, r'z'wn 'r uvern Clerkenwell. The chair was ilea, ;dor,b;y eiwlitlirci• Berrail, Of Ilarylebone, Mee t , ety. ThereB of one bundled leading memeers et who was sup- .. til t 4 th e "eo were many excellent speeches made theeispleNth, eviecing not only an extended feel ,.-ItY end ) ? f t the part of the masters but increased e ° lto ob 11°Acri among the workmen.' It was satis -1), tPhrteetii:erve that previously to the termination of cesq,,,lt'pesBegs. u Pward s of five hundred persons showed tho,e"' progrensce the warm interest they took in the suc s korißi,itit.' of th e i n which being one of 11 1 , the R a i d i tug. with the sv, rkinig classes themselves, 1..,Np1t,,e,.`° 4serve the support and countenance of tt,,f,Al.st a',ll: atid the employed. sse,:)ttra e''ei:.ta numerous meeting of the Westminster tv,th, . Cove„,Y was held at St nnard'e Ilotel, Charles. lag 4:I-garden, Me, Keamp in . the chair. Mr. oitiN ,37ate4 etiaottri_Y, read the rvport of the committee, ,g ,i‘,thet fact th a t lll :Cou.ntry at large was becoming ti :!i k i, , _, a 1, ins interest depended upon , ffect 41'13' ejt"il, f r e'e,, great principles of c ommercial, as Rthat 4 fo o d '''kull, upon which Principles that s 41 1 t, 4 t fl it) i r! ed. Thr, . r R . , wh ., i , e _ i ‘ . otnrnatee was happy to !ay J('ne I le th g . 50,,, e ,r.srtf.a.tion they sustained 120 claim tcqturij Enstairim' 4. , ' , 3 ",11Y sustain kd 9 ; that the 1,. it,,,_e 231. At__ uY tine's were 172, end by 'l!ss ornst p er6o '''' ,. 3 . , 0.1 the Tory objections were found It' h 44 who 'e'er d not,Q,, verist' While e ead, or who had been N4lnd e IN read "ue whole of the 120 claimants on tt ~ by di r , ~31 to record their votes. The . report p s „, ee b tesinve the . e l ,,:t of ~ y all th _ _ i) . v *attention of the society to " eq totoie wirldou",..l. m eans in their power to obtain the ce pririted)tit"x• The report was received and kfilpik,,, _, _ °d the Meeting separated. e ‘% ' 4 & di 1 ' 4 4 ei h - ----- ------- 411 4 crR t, between '4l a ll C I () a tb • nine and ten o'clock, a st, 4 4, ~ (1111.,, :43 premsses in the occupation of e tlttk 03, kf)n,,to 4" tailor a nd dr , e; F , 1 1 t t hy, telal-r,, , al er, at . o. 2„yt . ktil/te lt . ti )t , d, a,,tl ad Ea,t. The engines having tse., efi l . e l - " t here h • Ne tad„ ° Wa s being an abundant supply , of 4,k,1 • ~, 4 blA d a. 8°( xtinguished not, huwrver, 41111 It',lo til t ,- n b' tl a g rahad been dutie s to the stock in qmg. The origins of the fire is MAGAZINE DAY. BLACK If OOD'S MAGAZINE. There is no mistaking the fine " Roman hand that appears in every page of the criticism on Dry den in this Number. As it is announced under the title of " North's Sp-cimens of the British Critics," we presume we shall have a regular series of articles on this prolific subject, and we care not how many of them we have, should the succeeding ones have only half the point, emphasis, and discrimination, that cha racterise the present specimen. There is no man of the day better qualified by his high appreciation of the poetic in all its phases to play the critic on "glo rious John Dryden,' as his contemporaries loved to call him. True, the poet of King Charles's day was more remarkable for the vigour of his reasoning powers than the wildness and fervour of his imagina tion; like Pope, he professed to "stoop to truth and moralise his song," while the Professor, who is " of imagination all compact," has dwelt from his youth upwards in fairy land, haunted by such visions of the wild and wonderful as no English poet has seen since Spencer. Still, though fancy predominates over the pure understanding in the poems of Professor Wilson, none can better feel the force of Dryden's various intellect, his simple and straightforward powers of argument, which, however, are by no means wanting in subtilty when occasion demands, as in his " Hind and Panther," the incomparable ease and majestic flow of his versification, the fertility of his illustra tions, which in the striking poem of "Theodore and Honoria" absolutely make the reader's blood freeze in his veins. For some years it has been the fashion to underrate the school of Dryden and Pope. That school was certainly not the highest in English poetry ; still it was a noble one, and we hope that as Professor Wilson has led the way, others will not hesitate to turn their attention to these undeservedly neglected members of the British classics. The `Tower of London" is from the pen of Mr. Thomas Roscoe. It contains one or two striking historical allusions, such as that to Wallace, but, as a whole, it is rather monotonous in the turn of its thought and the flow of its rhythm. " Spain as it Is" furnishes us with some curious particulars respecting the state of Spain since the overthrow of the Carlist faction. The author assures us that in some of the large southern towns a growing shyness is being evinced towards English travellers, which we do not at all won der at, when we hear in mind the immense deal of nonsense that certain recent tourists have scribbled concerning that country. There is not a blockhead who gets on board a steamer, and leaves England for Spain for only a few weeks, but thinks himself per fectly qualified to discuss the social and political state of the Peninsula. From an article entitled " The Overland Passage," we quote the following amusing description of the passage of the desert near Alexandria : "At length they reached the gulf of Suez, with the blue peaks of Sinai in the distance, and continued running up the gulf, which was one hundred and sixty miles long, until Suez came in sight. Here all is dreary : deserts and sand-banks form the whole landscape. Arab boats came alongside, and conveyed the passengers from the steamer. The town looked dismal; its walls and forti fications were in decay; the landing place was crowded by sickly- looking creatures, the evident victims of ma laria, and the chief ornament of the place was a large white-washed tomb. This condition of things was not much improved when the party found themselves in the hotel of Messrs. Hill and Co. Mosquitoes, and every species of frightful insect, made war against sleep ; and when their reign had passed away, and the travellers rose, crowds of flies continued their persecution. The tra vellers made a bad bargain in paying their passage-money at once from Suez to Alexandria; and it is described as the wiser mode to pay only to Cairo, and then take the choice of the several conveyances which are sure to be found there. The Arab drivers and carriers seem to have fully acquired those arts of extortion, which flourish in such abundance wherever English money is to be found. They cheat, and lie, and cajole, with extra ordinary assiduity ; and the majority of the passengers on this occasion seem to have been detained unnecessa rily on the road, and treated badly at the station-houses. The first part of the desert is rather rocky than sandy, and the road seems to have been formed chiefly by the carriage wheels. It is covered with great pieces of stone and rock, which sorely tried the patience of the travellers. Hundreds of carcases of camels lie in the way ; the flesh is soon eaten by the wolves and rats, while the bones bleach in the sun. Little troops of Arabs were met from time to time, sometimes on camels and sometimes on horses. They were armed to the teeth, as black as negoes, and looked ferocious enough to make any party of pacific travellers tremble for their goods and chattels. But they were the patrols of Mo hammed Ali, and guardians of the goods which in other days they would have delighted to plunder. There are eight stations on this road through the desert, all built by that man of wonders, the Pacha. Of these, four are only stables ; but four are houses for the reception of travellers. They are generally from twelve to sixteen miles apart. The station. No. 6, though by no means possessing the comforts of an English hotel, must be a miracle to the old travellers of the desert. It consists of two chambers, a kitchen, and servants' room, with a large public saloon occupying the whole end, and completir.g a little centre court. Three sides of the saloon were fur nished with divans. There was a long table in the centre, with several chairs, and a glass window at each end of the room. But this was unluckily the season of flies, and they were the torment of the travellers ; table, wall, ceiling, and floors swarmed with them. They flew into the lace, the eyes, and the mouth. Thousands of musquitces were also buzzing round and biting every thing. The breakfast was no sooner laid on the table than it was blackened with flies. The beds were hiving, and intolerable. No. 4, the halfway house, was rather better. It is the largest of them all, and has a long row of bed-rooms, and two public saloons. It has a large court-yard, is which were turkeys, sheep, and goats for the use of travellers." We must pass on to notice the next article, entitled "Mesmerism." This subject, although in some de gree hackneyed, is still of more than ordinary in terest, and we are glad to see it handled in the com mon sense manner in which it is now presented to us. The aim of 'Mr. Townshend's book, of which this is a review, is first to present us with, to him, well attested facts, and then to suggest explanations, mostly on natural grounds, of these " wonderful facts." In short, to show us that miracles are not miracles, that the laws of nature are but imperfectly known, and that there is much in heaven and in earth not vet understood. We are glad to see that there is springing up an air of something more definite in this science, or whatever term we may apply to it; it is becoming more tangible, and there is more of theory broached than in the vague and unphilosophical speculations that have lately issued from the press. It may divert our readers to read the following ex. tract, in which a man beomes a mesmeriser in spite of himself:— " In the Christmas of the year 1842, we dined at a friend's house with a party of eight (numeric perfection for a dinner-party, according to the ingenious author of the Original). In the evening Mackay's book on popu lar delusions being on the drawing-room table, some one asked if the author had treated of mesmerism. Upon this, one of the party who had recently returned from London—a man who had lived a studious life, and of a highly nervous temperament—said he had lately wit nessed a mesmeric exhibition, and would undertake to mesmerise any one present. Upon this, two or three ladies volunteered as patients ; and he commenced ex perimenting upon a lady of some twenty-five years old, whom he had known intimately from childhood, clever, and well read, but rather imaginative. To make the thing more ridiculous, he Knelt on both knees, and com menced making passes with both hands slowly before her eyes, telling her, whenever she took her eyes off, to look fixedly at him, and keeping a perfectly grave face when everybody around was laughing unreservedly. After thii had endured for some .three minutes, the lady's eyes gradually closed, she fell forwards, and was only pre vented from farther falling by being caught by the mes meriser. He shook her, and in rather a rough manner, brought her to her senses; then, suspicious lest she had been purposely deceiving him, questioned her seriously as to whether her sleep were feigned or real. She as sured him that it was not simulated, that the sensation was irresistible, different from that of ordinary sleep, and by no means unpleasant ; but that the only dis agreeable part was the being roused. Upon this the gentleman declared that he knew nothing of mesmerism, and that, had he believed there was anything in it, he would not have attempted the joke. Another lady pre sent, married, and having a family, was now most anxious to have the experiment repeated upon her. She said she had before sat to an experienced mesmeriser, who had failed, and she was still incredulous, and be lieved that M— had merely given way to an imaginative temperament. It required considerable persuasion to induce the gentleman who had before operated to try any more experiments. lie protested that,he knew nothing about it, that he had once seen a person said to be in the mesmeric state, but that if he succeeded again in in• diming coma, he knew not at all how to awake the pa tient. Curiously enough, he was instructed in the mani pulation by the sceptical patient, who had previously seen public mesmeric exhibitions. After some further persuasion, and with the permission of the lady's hus band, who was prt sent, he commenced again the same passes as with the former patient, the only difference being, that he was in this case sitting instead of kneel ing. The patient kept constantly bursting into fits of laughter, and as constantly apologising, telling him that his gravity of face was irresistible. Of the other persons present, some laughed, others were too much terrified to laugh, but they kept wp a constant running fire of com ment, satirical and serious, upon the mesmeriser and mesmerisee. lii four or five minutes, the fits of laugh ter of the latter assumed a rather unnatural character. It was evident she forced her se lf to laugh in spite of the strongest disinclination, and in aminutethoor e 3 y n e -o s more wide she fixed into a state of ghastly catalepsy, `open, but the lids fixed, the features all rigid (except the lower lip, which was convulsed), and pale as a corpse. The bystanders, now much frightened, int er f ered, and laid hold of the mesmeriser. After some time, water being given her to drink, she came to herself, and ap. p - ared not to have suffered from the experiment." NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE. The author of the gos,iping collection of amusing anecdotes entitled " Diplomatic Doings," seems tolerably enough acquainted with the political on dits of the Club; and alluding to the changes recently made in the etiquette of the Court at Windsor, says that " formerly every representative of foreign Powers was in tura invited once in the year to the royal _ . THE SIB N, LONDON, SATURDAY ErENI table. Years now elapse without certain esteemed diplomatists from friendly nations receiving that honour; and we have had, but a few weeks since, the example of the representative of a great foreign Power leaving this country, after a residence of thirty years, without obtaining audience of leave. The re cently introduced rules of etiquette at Witidsor have been a source of astonishment to all civilised Europe, there it only on account of the exclusion of all men of literature and science." But though we fear it is too true that literary and scientific men are too often excluded from the courtly circles of Windsor, dwarfs and aboriginal Indians, and such like Curiosities, have not been slow to find a welcome there. " A New Chapter in the History of Napoleon Bonaparte" is a plain, straightforward account of the writer's attempt to connive at the French Emperor's escape at Rochefort; matters were all but brought to a satis factory termination, when Napoleon, to the astonish• ment of all his friends in that town, announced his intention to be guided by the counsels of General Savary, and embark for England in the Bellerophon. The impress of truth is, we think, visibly stamped on this narrative, which we would willingly subjoin, were it not too long for the purposes of quotation. Miss Cook is one of the most cheerful and buoyant ver sifiers of the day, but we know not that she has yet produced anything more touching, and, at the same time, natural, than the following " Forest Thought:"— The fine old oak bath passed away, its noble stem hath shrunk, Till roving footsteps speeding on, leap o'er the sapless trunk ; Its glory hath departed, and the wrestler with the storm Is crumbled, till it yields no home to keep the squirrel warm ; But bright green moss is clothing it, all soft, and sweet, and fresh, As true as when it first entwined - the sapling in its mesh, It leaveth not the ruin spot, but beautiful to see, It ysarneth still the closer to the old gray tree. I know this heart must wither, and become as dead a thing; It will not heed the winter• cloud, nor feel the sun of spring; In low decaying solitude, this form ere long shall fade, And moulder 'neath the grave-sod, like the tree in forest glade. Oh ! let me hope that some kind thoughts will turn toward my name, And glowing breasts that love me now, will love me still the same. Let gentle Memory fill the home where once I used to be, And cling to me like green moss to the old gray tree. "A Discourse of Puppies" contains some good points, but there is an air of pedantry about it, and a con stant attempt at saying smart things, which are some times very far-fetched. " The Wolf and the Lamb" is a story from the pen of the indefatigable author of " Peter Priggins," whose genius would show to greater advantage if he would trust more to his own resources, and less avowedly imitate the style of Theodore Hook. From an article entitled "Two Military Executions in Spain," we quote the follow ing affecting passage : , frequently bestow upon the veriest needy, accompanied with phrases that spoke his contempt of human nature, his particular nature included." The story proceeds to show how inevitable crime is under the system of training to which young St. Giles is submitted; by imperceptible degrees fate drags Mai oh rrorri to (Ail, Until sit last he is the robber of young St. James. We will conclude the notice of this story by an amusing extract, which may please our readers : "We cannot say —and in truth it is a ticklish questiott to ask of tfcJst wilti tire best qualified to give an answer, if there really be not a comfort in substantial ugliness : in ugliness that, unchanged, will last a man his life ; a good granite face in which there shall be no wear and tear. A man so app o i nted, i s saved many alarms, many spasms of pride. Time cannot wound his vanity through his features ; he eats, drinks, and is merry, in despite of mirrors. No acquaintance starts at sudden alteration, hinting in such surprise, decay and the final tomb. He grows older, with no former intimates—churchyard voices !—crying, ` How you're altered !' How many a man might have been a truer husband, a better father, firmer friend, more valuable citizen, had he, when arrived at legal maturity, cut off —say, an inch of his nose. This inch —only an inch !—would have destroyed the vanity of the very h an d somest face ; and so , driven the thoughts of a man from a vulgar looking -glass, a piece of shop chrystal—and more, from the fatal mirrors carried in the heads of women to reflect, heaven knows how many coxcombs who choose to stare into them—to the glass of his own mind. With only such petty sacrifice, he might have been a philosopher. Thus considered, how many a cox comb may be within an inch of a sage ! True, there was an age when wise men—at least a few of them— glorified in self - mutilation, casting sanguinary offerings to the bird of wisdom. But this was in the freshness and youth of the world ; in the sweet innocence of early time. But the world grows old ; and, like a faded, fashionable beauty, the older it grows the more it lays on the paint." There is a little poem of some interest, which we will insert for the entertainment of our readers : THE DRUM. Yonder is a little drum Hanging on the wall, Dusty wreaths and tatter'd flags Round about it fall. A Shepherd youth on Cheviot's hills Watch'd the sheep, whose skin A cunning workman wrought and gave The little drum its din. 0 pleasant are fair Cheviot's hills With velvet verdure spread, And pleasant 'tis amid its heath To make your summer bed. And sweet and clear are Cheviot's rills That trickle to its vales, And balmily its tiny flowers Breathe on the passing gales. And thus hath felt the Shepherd boy Whilst tending of his fold, Nor thought there was in all the world A spot like Cheviot's wuld. And so it was for many a day, But change with Time will come, And he—(alas ! for him the day !) He heard the little drum. " Follow," said the drumm er -b oy , " Would you live in story ; " For he who strikes a foeinan down, " Wins a wreath of glory !" " Rub-a-dub and rub-a-dub," The drummer beats away— The Shepherd let his bleating flock On Cheviot wildly stray. On Egypt's arid waste of sand The Shepherd now is lying, Around him many a parching tongue For water 's faintly crying. 0 that he were on Cheviot's hills With velvet verdure spread, Or lying 'mid the blooming heath, Where oft he'd made his bed. Or could he drink of those sweet rills That trickle to the vales, Or breathe once more the balminess Of Cheviot's mountain gales. At length upon his wearied eyes The mists of slumber come, And he is in his home again-- Till waken'd by the drum. " Take arms ! Take arms," his leader cries, " The hated foeman's nigh;" Guns loudly roar—steel clanks on steel And thousands fall to die. The Shepherd's blood makes red the sand, "Oh water—give me some ! " My voice might reach a friendly ear, "But for that little drum !" 'Mid moaning men—'mid dying men, The drummer kept his way, And many a one, by "glory" lured, Did curse the drum that day. "Rub-a-dub and rub-a-dub," The drummer beat aloud— The Shepherd died, and ere the morn, The hot sand was his shroud. And this is glory ? Yes ; and still Will man the tempter follow, Nor learn that glory, like its drum, Is but a sound and hollow. " At another execution that I witnessed, a charac teristic incident occurred. It was in Navarre, at a period of the war when the system of reprisals was carried to great length by both parties. The Carlists had been committing some atrocities, murdering prisoners, or something of that kind, and by way of retaliation, twenty out of a number of prisoners whom the Queen's troops had recently made, were to he shot. The victims had to be chosen by lot, and for this purpose they were brought out of their place of confinement. A wretched-looking set they certainly were. Although they had not been very long prisoners, the state of squalid misery into which they had sunk was really pitiable. They were of all ages, from lads of sixteen to men of sixty, or who, at least, looked as old as that, being perhaps prematurely aged by the life of privations they had led, and by the sufferings of their captivity. There was no lack, how ever, of fine, stalwart fellows, with bronzed faces, mus cular forms, bushy beards, and hair hanging in long curls over their necks ; models of Spanish mountaineers, whose iron frames enabled them to bear up against all hardships. The varieties of dress were strange and striking enough. The poor devils had none of them too much clothing, and what they had was, for the most part, worn and tattered. Here might be seen a man with a full, dress coat, the facings soiled and greasy, a strand or two of an old tarnished epaulette dangling from his shoulder, hempen sandals, and a pair of linen trousers, formerly white, completing his costume. This was an officer, but many were not even so well off as that, Jackets with a sleeve or the collar tern off were abundant, shirts by no means numerous, and shoes very rare. There was one old fellow amongst them who at tracted my notice particularly, He was just the sort of man one sees in pictures of Napoleon's vielle garde, with soldier legibly written on every one of his features, and in every movement of his upright, miiitary figure ; his hands and face weather-beaten to the colour of maho- gany ; his gaze stern and fixed ; his thick iron-gray moustache covering his mouth, and the points descend• ing almost on his breast. lie had evidently made a sort of attempt to furbish himself up for his melancholy pa rade. His old uniform jacket had had the dust knocked out of it, and was buttoned close up to the chin, as well as the intermittent buttons would allow ; his forage-cap, or rather what remained of it, was placed on his head with a certain air of smartness, and his tattered shoes were fastened with bits of twine. Pipe-clay and blacking had of course not been at his command." NEW PROJECTED RAILWAYS. (From the Gazette of Last Night.) RAILWAY D EPARTMENT, BOARD OF TRADE WHITEHALL JAN. 31, 1845. , Notice is hereby given, that the Board constituted by the Minute of the Lords of the Committee of Privy Coun cil for Trade, of the 24th of August, 1844, for the trans action of railway business, having had under considera tion the following schemes, for extending railway com munication in the south and south-west of Ireland,viz.:— The Cork and Bandon, The Dublin, Carlow, and Wexford, The Dublin, Wexford Waterford, and Carlow, The Dublin and Wicklow, The Great Southern and Western—Cork and Lime rick Extension, The Great So uth - Western (Ireland) Direct, The Kilkenny Junction, The Waterford and Limerick ; have determined on reporting to Parliament in favour of the Cork and Bandon, Great Southern and Western—Cork Extension only, Watex ford and Limerick, subject, as regards the portion of the line between Lime rick and the Junction with the Great Southern and Western Extension line, to equitable arrangements for securing to the Great Southern and Western Company full accommodation for the purposes of the Limerick traffic going in the direction of Dublin and Cork: against the Great South West (Ireland) Direct; and recommending the postponement, until a future period, of the Dublin, Carlow, and Wexford, Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, and Carlow, Dublin and Wicklow, Kilkenny Junction and the Board having further had under consideration the following schemes for extending railway communi cation in the Manchester and Leeds district, viz., The Barnsley Junction, The Leeds and Bradford Extension to Skipton and Colnc, The Leeds and West Riding Junction, The Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, The Manchester and Leeds—Heywood and Oldham Extensions, The Manchester and Leeds—Burnley Branch, The Manchester, Bury, and Rossendale--Ileywood Branch, The West Yorkshire, have determined on reporting to Parliament in favour of the Barnsley Junction, Lecds and Bradford Extension to Skipton and Colne, Leeds and West Riding Junction, Manchester and Leeds—Heywood and Oldham Ex tensions, Manchester and Leeds—Burnley Branch ; and against the Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, Manchester, Bury, and Rossendale—Heywood Branch, West Yorkshire: and the Board having further had under considera tion the Charnel Valley Railway scheme (f rom Macclesfield to Tarnworth and Derby, with a branch to the Pot teries), have determined on reporting to Parliament in favour of the said scheme. DALHOUSIE. C. W. I'ASLEY• G. R. PORTER. D. O'BRIEN. S. LAING. The following was publishedionffiaoSe,unppoluesmeeonft Lords,to last a e o r o l a o i night's London Gazette " I Lord Peeresses,r d on m b Januaryun,s -n 31. 1845. 4, Aannouncing their intention of o a being present on the occasion of the opening of Parlia ment on Tuesday, the 4th of February, will have places reserved for them in the House of Lords, if the announce ment be made at this office before five o'clock on Mon day, the 3d February. No lady can be admitted into the e xcept by a ticket from th e L or d G reat body of the House except in full dress. N o s t rangers will be admitted, Chamberlain. The doors will be opened at 12 o'clock. " WILLOUGHBY DE EItESBI, G.C." TOTNEB.—The result of the last Parliamentary revision is now made apparent by the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas, on the disputed cases. This judgment places sueh a decided majority in the hands of the Liberal party, as removes all doubt as to th e res ult of any election under this revision. Mr. Barry Baldwin, it is generally believed, does not intend to contest the seat. Mr. Baldwin is wise. ' We congratulate tho Tot nes Liberals on the result of their united efforts.-- Western Time,. TAIT'S MAGAZINE. A tale of " Celts and Saxons," by Mrs. Johnstone, increases in interest, and creates a desire for the con tinuation promised in the next Number. The re view of Sergeant Talfourd's " Vacation Rambles" is treated with the characteristic fairness of this Maga zine ; they appreciate his graphic descriptions, and have been felicitous in their selection of extracts, which convey a vivid impression of the work as a whole. Notwithstanding Walpole, both as a letter writer and historian is such a hackneyed theme, the present notice of his " Memoirs of George III." will find readers whose attention will be pretty sure to be awakened by it. In " The Letters from Naples," by Madame Wolfensberger, we find the following sur prising, but half revolting, account of the lower classes in Naples : " Throughout the whole population of Naples there is a language of signs, which, in many instances, renders words unnecessary ; and when understood and put in practice by a stranger, frequently saves him from serious impositions, by at once convincing these people that he is aware of their tricks ; for it is quite certain, that in whatever way he may have dealings with them, their fir. t tterapt will be to cheat or deceive him. if there is anything to be gained by deception. To a bystander, it is truly amusing to observe the expressive looks and ges tures of these poor creatures, without s ho e s or stockings, and not half covered with their filthy garments, discours ing with a fluency, ease, and grace, which the finest actor would be rejoiced to attain. By nature they are gay and jocose ; and we often observed the fathers, when there boats are drawn on shore, nursing their little chil dren with the tenderest care. But misery, and the pressure of continued want, blunt the edge of the best affections ; and we were told by a native of the city, scarcely a degree above this class, that if a poor man was reduced to the necessity of being taken to an hos pital, even in a dying state, none of his children or rela tives troubled themselves to make any further inquiries concerning him. When I expressed my surprise and horror at such heartless conduct, he cooly replied, Ah, the rich are no better here ; what can you expect of the poor ?—they have enough to do to think of themselves.' " DOUGLAS JERROLD'S MAGAZINE. The story of " St. Giles and St. James" is con tinued, but not exactly with so much interest as that with which it opened. The fact that the children of the poor and destitute are not brought up, but dragged up, as Lamb has it, is too well known to admit of a doubt, and scarcely requires illustration. Some of Douglas Jerrold's descriptions of character in this Number are fully worthy of him. Here is one of a new acquaintance he is about to introduce us to—it is that of Mr. Capstick, the muffin-maker:— " One of the seven airiest and finest streets that com pose the Seven Dials—for we care not to name the exact spot—boasted the advent of a tradesman, who employed the whole vigour of his mind, and he himself thought not meanly of it, on the manufacture of muffins. At the time of our present chapter, Mr. Capstick had only lived a twelvemonth und er th e p ro t ec ti on o f St. Giles ; paying the Saint due parish rates for such advantage. Where Mr. Capstick came from nobody knew. It was plain he was one of those people who now and then drop from the sky into a neighbourhood, for no other end than to adorn and dignify it. At least, it was plain that Mr. Capstick thought as much ; and he was not a man to disguise his thoughts when they at all tended to his self-glorification. True it was, muffins had been known in St. Giles's, ere Mr, Capstick lighted his oven there. But what muffins 1 now, too, were they made—where vended ? Why, as Mr. Capstick would observe, they were made as if they were bad halfpence—and they were quite as hard to chew—in guilt end darkness. Nobody knew what they were eating. Now, all the world might see him make his muffins. Indeed, he would feel obliged to the world if it would take that trouble, To be sure, he was throwing his muffins to swine—but lie couldn't help that. It wasn't his nature to do anything that wasn't first-rate t h e kn ew h e was a l oser b y it ; all men who did so were ; nevertheless, a man who was a true man would go on ruining himself for the world, though he might hate the world all th© tithe he was doing it. Nevertheless, his muffins was open to the universe. There was no mystery in him, none at all, And then he would say, glowing at times with a strange eloquence, ' What a glorious thing it would be for the world if every man made his muffin—whatever that muffin might be—in the open light of Heaven ; and not in a cupboard, a hole, a corner I It was making muffins in secret, and in darkness, that made three parts of the misery of mankind.' When people heard Mr. Capstick discourse after this fashion, they would confidentially declare to one another that it was plain he was born above his business ; ho was a broken down gentleman ; perhaps come of a Jacobite family, and made muffins to hide his disgrace. True it was, there was a pompous [WS,' a swagger, an affected contempt of the people with whom he turned the penny, that gave some warranty for these opinions. Nevertheless, Mr. Capstick, with all his consequence, all his misan thropy, —and he wore his hatred of mankind as he would have worn a diamond ring, as a thing at once to put in the best light and to be very proud of—was agreat favourite. The cell ars o f S t . Gil es ' s ec h oe d hi s pra i ses . lle was, in his way, a great benefactor to his poorest his is wife, whaYou see, Mary Ann,' he would say to ,t a blessing there is in corn. When muffins are too stale to sell, they're always good enough to give away." And these remainder muffins he would Nb,FEbRIJARY l, 1845, sudden taking away of two thirds of the whole expendi ture of the colony should have this effect, but it is so. The men, induce I to come out by too highly- coloured representations, disorderly, discontented, and riotous, took the Company's work as a matter of necessity, but only as an instalment of what they had a right to expect, disliked it ; and did it badly ; private c o lonist s , w i t h to e i r sma ll means, could not afford ; as one of them expressed it, to Row shillings and reap peace i and the Company's agent, divided between the claims of the labourers and the re presentatione of the colonists, who, by the bye, were too few and too poor to employ one-sixth part of the dis posable labour, could do nothing effectual. All parties agreed this state of things must come to an end, and the sooner the better. If the Company should resume its operations here, the system must be entirely changed. The work hitherto done might have been better done by contract or piece work, for one-fourth of the money. Whilst I got some ditching done by men who had no claim on the Company at 4d. per yarcf (and they earned 30s. per week), some similar work cost them between 2s. and 2s. 6d. But at your price, said their agent, the weavers, watchmakers, &c.,would be starved. Granted. But the Company have made two sets of agreements ; one with the land purchasers, to render the colony "safe, commodious, and attractive," with the money paid them, and are therefore bound to lay it out for them to the best advantage ; another with the labourers, to find them constant work at good wages, and they break the spirit of their first agreement, to partially carry out their second, when they do their work with inefficint instru ments. The Company in this Nelson Colony has com mitted two great errors. It published to the world that it would be founded by a body of capitalists, prepared to emigrate ; by not recalling that announcement when it foun the parties draw back from their engagements, it countenanced, and became a party to a fraud on all who came out on the strength of that representation. This was the first and great error With a good body of em ployers of labour to begin with, their property here would have by this time doubled, nay, trebled, in value. The land was unoccupied, the natives few and well-dis posed ; the settlers addicted to cultivation, and not to speculation ; and the soil, though very various, of good average fertility, some most excellent ; AND THE CLIMATE EVERYWHERE GOOD AND HEALTHY, HERE MOST HEAVENLY. It has neither the rains of Auck land, nor the winds of Wellington ; THE COOL NIGHTS BRACE THE BODY IN SLEEP, AND ITS FINE CLEAR WARM DAYS, AND EXHILARATING AIR, KEEP UP THE SPIRITS, AND " MIKE THE BODY'S LORD SIT LIGHTLY ON HIS THRONE." IT IS A COUNTRY TO ENJOY LIFE IN, EVEN ON A CRUST AND A GLASS OF WATER. The second great mistake was making a scheme without reference to the size of the place to be selected. Instead of cutting their coal to their cloth, they ordered a cloak, and bought stuff for a waistcoat. The scheme is one half too large. If the ballot-box had been emptied, as they wished, one half the purchasers at least would have been robbed of their money, for one-half the tickets are blanks, at all events, as regards the town and suburban lands. The town here can only be an outlet for the produce, and a storehouse for the wants of th e country ; and one-half of it will never be used but for market-gardening. In order to procure land to the extent required by the scheme, barren hills, mud-flats, requiring great outlay, valleys inundated in the winter, and square miles covered with stone and shingle, have been surveyed and given out. Before the agent here allowed of exchanges (in opposition to the orders from home), parties came, looked at their land, declared that they had been robbed and swindled out of their money, and went away again. One gentleman, a Mr. Withers, offered his accommo dation section for 51., and was told by a surveyor, that unless there should arise a demand for macadamised stone, he would not give ss. for it. He left in disgust to visit the south ; on his return an exchange was offered, and he will be a valuable settler. The present state of the scheme is as follows :—Of 1,100 sections 100 are sold to parties out here, of which about 40 are occupied, and more or less under cultiva tion ; the remainder being unoccupied, from their posi tion, soil, or want of means in their owners (owing to the judicious conduct of Col. Wakefield in the present emergency, the two first reasons are done away with by exchanges) ; about 280 sections held by absentees, almost all untenanted ; 100 held by the Company as proprietors, in the same condition ; 100 reserved for the ifaories, wholly untouched ; and about 500 unsold in the wheel at home. The 40 occupied sections are dotted all over the face of the country I the communications are imperfect, difficult, and expensive. The rivers re quire bridging over, the roads completing, and the price of carriage, from the paucity of settlers, and their dis tance apart, is excessive. I myself am surrounded by a belt of land (native reserves, and unsold sections) which prevents any oth er se t t l er from coming near me, how ever much he may desire it ; and had exchanges been permitted at the time I settled, I would gladly have sa crificed some of the finest land in the colony for some much inferior in soil and beauty of situation, to gain the advantages of society, easy access to markets, and mutual assistance and protection. Thus, to speak in modern phraseology, capital has not come out in pro portion to labour and land, and actual settlers, instead of being concentrated, have been spread over the land far and wide by the ballot-box. Now, the general feel ing here is, that the New Zealand Company's Directory is composed of honourable men, whose motives in coming together have been somewhat higher than those of mere personal advantage ; who, if they can be convinced of error, would not hesitate to alter their course ; and the following remedies have been proposed. 1. To burn the ballot-box. Carried by acclamation. In twenty-four hours after my arrival here, I said to Captain Wakefield, the agent, I find I have committed one great error. " What is that?" said he. " I have put my hand in the ballot-box." He laughed, and said, "It is quite true, it is a mistake ; but now I do not see how it can be obviated." 2. To promote the concentration of the settlers by all possible means ; by exchanges, sales, &c. To effect this with regard to actual settlers, a plan has been pro posed, as follows :—Each Proprietor has paid 3001., for which he has received one town acre, 50 suburban acres, and, when they shall have been obtained and surveyed, 150 rural acres. Let the town acre be valued at 501., the 50 suburban at 1001, the 150 rural at 1501.—altoge ther 3001. Let whatever land is still unsold be for sale by auction, at these upset prices, to actual colonists and proprietors, and let their land orders be taken as cash at the valuation before fixed. Thus, supposing I wanted to purchase, in addition to my 50 acres, two other sec tions adjoining, of 50 acres each, they would be put up at the upset price of 2001. If they sold at 2201. I should give my land order for one acre, and rural choice of 150 acres at 2001. and 201. in cash. A plan of this kind would benefit the absentee proprietors, who, in selling their land, would sell a choice of all that was not dis posed of, and would benefit holders of land by promoting the emigration of settlers; but its immediate result would be to re-assure the few resident colonists, and give a new impetus to cultivation. If, in addition to this, the Company should resume operations, its work should all be done by contract, and only in such quantities as not seriously to affect the price of labour, until the colony has got produce to export ; and lastly, although I have my doubts about this, a prudent advance of money on loan is much wanted ; for I do not suppose any settlement was ever founded with so small an amount of private capital as this has been. As to the accessary portions of the scheme, such as the fund for founding a college, steam navigation, &c., they are all good in their place, but at present we want common schools and cheap modes of commerce. We must have bread first, and hope for plum pudding after wards. I have thus, my dear Sir, at some length, al though as concisely as I was able to do, given you some account of our past and present state, as respects the Government and Company, as well as what I have reason to think would prove of great future benefit, and I only hope you will accept it as an earnest of my desire to do what may prove agreeable to you, whom I have so many reasons to wish to please in return for the obligations I have received at your hands, and so with our united kind regards to Mrs. Robins, and best wishes for the health and welfare of your fatuity, believe me, my dear Sir, very faithfully yours, Sept. 10, 1844. J. 1). GREENWOOD. P.S. The Commissioner for Land Claims, Mr. Spain, has arrived in Nelson, and decided all claims here, ex cepting those for Massacre Bay and the Wairoo. Ile tells me his report is ready on the Company's claims t. the lands at Wellington, but that unless the Governor gives way, and confirms his award on the New Plymouth claims, ho shall resign, and at once return to England. lle is to meet the Governor at New Plymouth in about a month. In writingthislongletterl find I have said nothing of our future prospects, or the inducements this country holds out TO THE INTENDING EMIGRANT. As REGARDS CLIMATE AND HEALTHINESS, I KNOW NONE COM PARABLE TO IT. In my district, containing more than three hundred souls, in the last twelve months, three adults have died from accidents, and one infant suddenly, but not one from disease. As to fertility of soil, there is enough of first rate quality for all who may come out for years, provided they choose for themselves, and keep their hands out of the ballot-box. When .the lands of first-rate quality are occupied, the second rate lands will naturally rise in value. Agriculture and cattle breeding must be the main dependence of the colony, till the flax has established its reputation. No one should come out to farm with less than from 1,2001. to 1,5001., and 2,0001. would be better. With 1501. per annum, a person may live in comfort. My expenses are 751., but I brought out a good stock of clothing. There are many ways in which 300 L or 4001. might be invested to very good advantage, but at present I only see two pursuits, be sides farming, which would pay on a larger scale. The curing of provisions and fish, and brewing. An expe rienced brewer said to me the other day, " Wit; SIR, YOU MAY BREW HERE ALL THE YEAR ROUND, AND EIGHT MONTHS OUT OF THE TWELVE EQUAL TO OCTOBER. THEY CANNOT BREW AT ALL . IN SYDNEY, and but indifferently in Van Diemen s Land, and you have the Indian and China markets wit hin six weeks' sail, anti ships sailing there from hero in ballast, and you have neither malt-tax nor hop duty. IT Is A BREWER'S PARADISE. My next neighbour grew l as t year 56 bushels of Cape barleyptiotthse, told ac me ,antdhaat Kentish man, who had a d oze n hod plants, one year here had done as- much for them as two years wou ld have done in England. (In fact, hop and } b : e n s g t lad mna.lt)ingTbhaerrleeyhfaosr been seed wonceuldlitpje b y to rew r e i r t y lg efrsotam blished already, about six months ago, with malt-hc use , Sze. It has begun to exp ort to Sydney and Wellington, and the last consignments of ale and porter here are un saleable. I have built myself a house (all but the chimneys), and cleared about six acres of wood and flax land. I have a cow and some pigs, and a garden fenced in, so that the state o f my f i nances may be tolerably well calculated,: without th e a id o f an accountant. I have, - however, the comfort of finding I have not expended any money fool ishly, which I hardly expected in so new a situation, unless my waiting in Nelson, for the machinery, &c., may be so considered ; I am free from debt, and, with the blessing of God, and the invaluable aid of my dear little wife, mean to continue so. Our children, eight NE W ZEALAND COLONIZATION. have been favoured by Mr. George It obinS (whose name and Character is a little familiar to Most of our readers) with tt tmq of a letter he hat just received frbm Nelson, in .1\ ew Zealand. It it not alwayS an ease- matter to give a decided opinion where so much of contrariety apfears, as we have lately read by opposing correspondents in New Zealand, and in England ; but we con f ess t h ere i s so much of real ttiet—so intich of teal and earnestness— such a total absence of a single Wile-minded feeling throughout this detail—indeed, it is altogether a document so essential to correct the misapprehension that has arisen amid those who are in doubt—that we rejoice to lay it before our readers. The Govern ment are bound by this statement to deal out justice —aye, and speedily too—to all those who have been led from their apparent sanction to induce so many to depart. A little fair play is alone required by Government to satisfy all, and render New Zealand a very safe place for a man of moderate means, and a wife and children, to go and improve their " ways and means:;" but first the Colonial-office must be up and stirring : and if any of these high-minded gentry will only read the following letter with due attention, they will see what they have to do, pointed out by the hand of a master—a gentleman who left England in great practice as a first-rate medical man, because his chest and his health altogether were too uncertain for an English climate—he has not had a pain nor an ache since he left the shores of England. Mr. Robins is a land proprietor of 1,000 acres only, near to Wel lington, and 5001. capital stock in the Company. Nelson, New Zealand, Sept. 5, 1844. Div DEAR Sln,—Since my arrival here, I have on two or three occasions, in my letters to Miss D—, and twice by letter directly to yourself, communica:ed any infor mation I thought might be acceptable on the state of things here, confining myself, however, principally to what concerned your own immediate interests as a land pro prietor ; but I have been for some time intending to write to you on the state of our colony generally, in the hope that if it had no other effect, it might still give you half an hour's amusement. I now regret I did not do so sooner, since I see from the papers that record the pro ceedings of the New Zealand meetings, and which we received a few days back, THAT you TAKE SO MUCH INTEREST IN OUR CONCERNS. At no time could it be exerted more beneficially than at present, when the whole colony (and particularly this • settlement) is thrown into confusion by the unexpected nature of the news we have just received, -viz., THE FAILURE OF THE NEW ZEALAND COMPANY TO HONOUR ITS HILLS, AND SUDDEN AND TOTAL STOPPAGE OF ITS EXPENDITURE HERE. To show its effect upon us here, I must go back a little to what our condition was for some time before. On my arrival in March, 1843, nearly eighteen months ago, my first inquiry was for the founders of the colony, Mr. Edward Bryan Duppa, and the party of capitalists at whose request and instigation, as intending themselves to emigrate, the colony of Nelson was first set on foot, as you may see from Mr. Duppa's letter, published by the Company, with the prospectus of the scheme. To my great surprise, neither Mr. Duppa, nor one solitary capitalist or em ployer of labour, appeared to have come out in any way connected with him or his letter ; the Society here con sisting of the Company's agent, surveyors, and other parties connected with them, the few officials necessary for Government purposes, and about a dozen private in dividuals, not employing in all more than from twenty to thirty labourers I do not include in this enumeration the storekeepers, nor those young men whose friends, having bought them a section of land, had sent them out with one or two hundred pounds in their pocket ; a sum wholly inadequate, even had they possessed the knowledge of agriculture ne cessary to commence farming, or the knowledge of the world required to husband the little they had, but which rapidly disappeared under the combined influ ence of the high price of labour and provisions, and the difficulty of all at once accommodating their habits to their circumstances. The evils of this state of things were already beginning to be felt. The population was nearly 3,000 ; the private capital could employ but a small proportio:: of the labourers, and the Company found work for the rest. But the majority of them were artisans and mechanics ; the Company's work was road and ditch making, many miles in the country, away from their wives and families ; and the pay, although ample to the farmer's man, or clod-hoppers, as they called them, not one-half of what they had earned when em ployed in their own trade at home. All being paid one uniform price for their labour, the quantity of work done was regulated by the power of the most unskilful among them, no one choosing to do more for his money than another. The attempt to give task work made the me chanics still more discontented. The country labourer in some cases finished his week's work by mid-day on Tuesday, while his companion toiled through the weok. Many of them had left or were leaving for other places—Sydney, llobart Town, or Valparaiso— and Captain Wakefield, having written to stop all further immigration, the ship I arrived in was the last (with the exception of one from llamburgh, with Germans) which brought any addition to our labouring population. These sources of discontent have subsisted in part up to the present time ; but still the Company acted the part of a great resident capitalist, and found work, however distasteful, to all who require it. About three months after my arrival, occurred the fatal affray of the Wairau; the whole settlement was at once alarmed and indignant; the friends of the sufferers naturally took the lead ; Government was blamed for OUR UTTERLY DEFENCELESS STATE, AND THE NON-SETTLEMENT OF THE LAND CLAIMS, AND WAS LOUDLY CALLED UPON TO DO JUSTICE ON THE MURDERERS. In all this I could only take a very modified part. Agreeing in the necessity for protection, and unable to divine why our Governor should never come near us, but fix his seat of government at such a distance that we sometimes had intel ligence from England of as late a date, nor why the Commissioner for settling the land claims should defer until the last those which were most important from the numbers, whose interests were involved in his deci sions, I still thought the expedition unnecessary hazar dous, and sure, in case of any disaster, to be disavowed by the Government. Unnecessary, because, unlike our friends at Wellington, we had undisturbed possession of more land than we could beneficially occupy ; hazardous, beeause the chiefs to be apprehended were powerful and uncivilised, and unlikely to submit quietly to a proceed - ing which, according to native customs, at once de . graded them from their rank ; and sure to be blamed by Government, if it failed, because it took upon itself to act where they had hung back, and where its failure would be brought forward as their justification for so doing. At last arrived Governor Fitzroy, with his mind evidently made up beforehand to consider the natives as ill-used and oppressed, IN WHICH HE WAS WRONG ; and to consider our conduct as rash, hasty, and republi can , in which, p er h aps , with the exception of the l ast charge, which was ludi crous, he was right. He at once superseded our local authorities, and appointing as police magistrate a fellow passenger, in a very flattering manner put me into the commission of the peace by myself, although he after wards added two or three more names. On leaving us he proceeded to the other island, and after an interview with the native chiefs in question, decided that he would take no further steps in - the matter. His published reasons were that the settlers had acted illegally, and that the natives had done no more than was customary with them after a fight ; nay, less, for although they killed, they did not eat their prisoners. His private reasons were supposed to be a great desire to conciliate the natives, THE INADEQUATE NATURE OF THE FORCE AT HIS COMMAND, and his:belief that a general war would take place, and the colony be destroyed. As to the legality of the act, it was argued that the police magistrate had received the approbation of Government for the very same conduct on a similar occasion before ; and that his duty was to punish and not to palliate their enormities : that he could have procured any amount of force from Sydney, and that nothing could inure directly tend to stop colonization than the knowledge that these murders were left not only unpunished, but not even legally in quired into ; and that by the natives his conduct would be ascribed to fear, and their own behaviour be much in• fluenced by such a belief. Since then the Governor has been busy at Auckland, making laws, and trying to raise a larger revenue (a hopeless task, now the New Zealand Company's expenditure has ceased), until the other day, when he refused to confirm the Commissioner's decision, that the Company's title to New Plymouth was good, and after their three years' toils, offered to com pensate the settlers by land at Auckland. On this point there is but one opinion, that his conduct is indefen sible. Altogether I look on him as a very conscientious, religious, hard-working, positive man ; well-informed, touchy, too much disposed to treat us as his subjects, and altogether, perhaps, hardly of sufficient calibre for so difficult a situation. To return to the Company's affairs. Shortly after poor Capt. Wakefield's death, I was very near being appointed agent in his place, had it not been thought advisable to appoint somebody entirely unconnected with the settlement, which was done. Since the❑ various attempts have been made, by task-work, lowering the wages, and graduating them according to families (a pauper system), to force the labourers to cultivate for themselves, as the settlers could not employ them, and they were beginning to re-emigrate in numbers—about 350 up to the present time. Thus matters went on until a week back, when the Nelson arrived, THE BANK REFUSED TO ADVANCE ANOTHER SHILLING, AND THE COMPANY DIS CHARGED ALL ITS LABOURERS. Since then there have been held daily meetings to devise remedies, suggest modes of employment, and prevent disturbances. THE LABOURERS ♦RE BEHAVING AD3IIRABLY. Blaming the Company, and acknowledging the settlers to be too tew and too poor to do much for them, they express a willingness to work for any wages, or try any employment, Wages, with out a murmur, are reduced from 18s. to 10s., to em ploy more hands ; the Company's agent is granting every facility to intending cultivators, by exchanges, &c., of land, to induce more cultivation, and offers aro made to buy hand-sawn timber and hand-dressed flax to some considerable extent. About 300 adults have been discharged, representing above 1,000 souls. Nearly one-third, it is believed, may struggle on until harvest, when they will be indepen dent ; another third, it is hoped, will be absorbed by the additional spur given to cultivation by low wages ; and if some few take to sawing timber, some to flax dressing, &c., it is hoped that the amount of destitution may be reduced to something like a manageable number. On the whole, our feeling is a hopeful one ; the labourers say they like the colony, and do not wish to leave it, if they can possibly help it. Many settlers, whom the high price of labour deterred before, now talk of setting to work, so that, perhaps, double the amount of laud will be broken up this year to what would have been. Some storekeepers are setting off and going into the country, an d a general impression exists that six months hence we shall be in a sounder and better state Via - n if this crisis had, never occurred. It may seem strange that the _ G~ -~'-- ~..T 1 in number, are healthy, useful, well-disposed, and wii; know as much as we are able to tQach them ; so that, altogether, I consider myself a happy and fortunate man and mean to continue in that belief as long as possible. CHANGES IN THE CABINET. CHRONICLE.—We hear there is yet " a hitch" in the Ministerial arrangements. As usual, Sir Robert Peel's first "difficulty" is with Ireland. The chief se cretaryship appears to have been a-begging. First, it was refused by Mr. Sidney Herbert; then it was refused by Lord Sandon, who cannot risk a contest fer Liver pool; and now its acceptance by Sir Thomas Fremantle depends upon--the Duke of Buckingham. Negotiations have been going on for the last two or three days, with a view to secure Sir Thomas Fremantle's re-election, in the event of his going to Ireland. Without a distinct pledge from Sir Robert Peel, that he is determined nut to carry his commercial reforms any farther, it will be impossible for the Duke of Buckingham again to place the family borough at the service of the Ministry. Sir Thomas Fremantle's re-election fur Buckingham must be taken to mean —no change in either the corn-laws or the tariff. The Treasury newspaper thinks it is " highly probatee" that this pledge will be given; that is, that Sir Thomas Fremantle will go to Ireland, although it is yet "premature" to announce it as an arrangement con cluded. Nor is it yet settled what they are to do with Mr. Cardwell. Indeed, nothing can be settled until the l)uke of Buckingham's pleasure is know.. Sir George Clerk, we are told, is to go to the Board of Customs as Chairman. TIMES.—Mr. Gladstone's retirement from the Pre sidency of the Board of Trade appears to have caused a great variety of speculation.among our Contemporaries. It would of course be both premature and unfair, before receiving the explanation of Mr. Gladstone himself, to assume as a certainty the motives which appearances may suggest as having prompted his retirement, or to build upon conjecture in judging what in one sense is certainly quite a personal question. But it cannot h e denied that the probable policy of Ministers, and there fore the policy which is to prevail over and govern the country at large, is also connected with what seems at first sight but the act of an individual. Mr. Gladstone's retirement has undoubtedly been the result of importrnt political ditferenees with his colleagues ; and to deter mine also the question of the course about to be taken by the Ministry on the matters involved in them. With out assuming, therefore, that no other cause what ever will turn out to have existed to lead to the present sacrifice of office by Mr. Gladstone, we way be permitted to refer to the two points which common rumour, we believe not without reason, has assigned as the matters of difference between the ex-President of the Board of Trade and his late colleagues. The first of these points is said to be an intended variation of the Ministerial policy of last session on the subject of the sugar duties ; the second, the quasi recognition of the state of the Romish Church in Ireland, which may be thought to be involved in the contemplated measures for the amelioration of that body. If we are doing Mr. Gladstone injustice in assurn:ly that these are all the reasons that have led to his r e i : s rement, we can only say, that the opportunity for explainu.Z., and, sary,of contradi c ti ng , t h e assumption me:, ver if neces y shortly be afforded him. In the meanwhile, we must under stood only to pronounce upon the state of facts which we find at present before the public, withou: in the least prejudging the general and final view of the whole case which further disclosures may sug gest. On the sugar question our views are well known. We have always dissented from the Minis terial policy of last session. What is the precise nature of the alterations or modifications in contemplation is, of course, at present matter of uncertainty. But any relaxation in favour of our own colonial interests, though accompanied by extension in other directions also, would, in our opinion, be a valuable concession. Whether Mr. Gladstone he so pledged to the policy of last session as to render his proposing any change im possible, or whether the change contemplated is itself such and so wide as utterly to preclude his in any way adopting it, must, of course, be for himself to explain. It certainly does not appear to us, as at present advised, that anything in this question need have led to a rupture. The Irish question is certainly a most important one, The series of measures in contemplation, which are sup posed to have incurred Mr. Gladstone's objection—sup posing the Irish policy to be the point in dispute—has already been preceded by some of a kindred nature, and by which, as we believe, the nature and character of the rest may fairly be judged. The Bequests Act, which has already thrown disorder into the camp of repeal, and which, in our opinion, by liberating the Burnish Church in Ireland from the domination of the mob, promises more both for the purity of that Church and the prosperity of the country than any other Irish measure of the present Ad ministration, will, it is said, probably be followed up by one or two other measures or a kindred sort, having for their object the greater independence and better educa tion of the Irish Roman Catholic clergy. Two Roman Catholic seminaries, upon a more liberal and purified scale than that at Maynooth, are said to be in contem plation, the one at Belfast, and the other at Cork ; but believe that nothing which in principle will involve anything more than this is in contemplation. Now, we confess that to our minds these mea- sures are not of that objectionable character that can altogether account for Mr. Gladstone's se cession. They do not put the Romish Church in the seat of St. Patrick ; they do nut confer on her the throne of the national episcopate ; they 'do not instal her in the national churches, or place her in the na tional seat. They simply recognise her as a branch of the Catholic. Church. They do not surely interfere with the national recognition of the Anglican Church its Ireland. At the time when the Anglican Church reformed herself from the corruptions in practice and doctrine of the Roman system, a large body refused to concur in such reformation. Of this body the present Roman Catholics are the representatives. Yet the Reformed Church has ever, recognised that stationary body as still a part of the Church universal—has ad mitted their orders, and received their sacraments. But, if the national Church has done this, .ychy not the State also ? or how can it be a violation of the duty of the State towards the national Church to follow in pre• cisely the same recognition, tied no more, in which she herself has ever led the way ? We cannot altogether believe that this is the full account of Mr. Gladstone's secession. It may indeed turn out that the circum stances and accessories of the case--the manner and ex pression —may have produced a conflict of feeling or opinion which rendered the separation inevitable ; but certainly the substantial merits of the question as dis closed—if it be disclosed, which we have no reason to disbelieve, by the above facts pointed to by common rumour—do not appear altogether to bear out the re sults which we have seen follow on them. POST.—Nothinc , decisive has officially transpired since we last alluded to the rumoured alterations in the personal construction of the Queen's Government. The general beliLf still is that Lord Dalhousie will be Presi dent of the Board of Trade in the place of Mr. Glad stone ; Sir Thomas Fremantle, Secretary for Ireland vice the present Earl of St. Germans ; Mr. Sydney Her bert, having refused the Irish Secretaryship, isto become Secretary at War, to replace Sir T. Fremantle, and have a seat in the Cabinet ; and the Earl of Lincoln, retain ing his office of First Commissioner of Woods and Forests, also to hold a seat in the Cabinet. But, having mentioned the appointments that it is understood have been accepted, we believe we may state that, among those that have not, the Earl of Lonsdale declines a seat in the Cabinet, as Vi►count Sandon also did, when the Presi dency of the Board of Trade (as a Cabinet Minister) was offered to him. And here for the present terminates our resume of the rumoured changes, of which we be lieve the public would not have he and until some time after the meeting of Parliament if the unexpected death of the late Earl of St. Germans had not hastened the Ministerial movements. couwr clitcuLAß. WINDSOR, FRIDAY.—The Queen, attended by the Marchioness of Douro, walked for some time in the pleasure-grounds and Home Park this morning. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Marquis of Ormonde, and the SpeDker of the House of Com mons, attended by Colonel Bouverie, left the Castle early this morning, to shoot in the royal preserves. The Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, were taken their accustomed airings in the forenoon. Mr. George Edward and the Hon. Mrs. Anson have taken their departure on a visit to the Arch- bishop of York and Niss Vernon Harcourt, at Nunehatn. Her Majesty and Prince Albert took equestrian exercise in the riding Khoo' this afternoon, attended by the Equerries in Waiting. The royal dinner party at the Castle to-day in cluded her Royal Highness the Duchess of K ent, Lady Fanny Howard, the Dowager Lady Lyttelton, the Cbunteis Wratislaw, and Sir George and Lad y Couper. The band of the Scots Fusilier Guards was in attendance during dinner. The Hon. Miss Lyttelton was honoured with an invitation for the evening. Her Majesty's privatehis bßaonydalanidiigthhneesschio,irrincoef Windsor performed a MS. Te D eum , J u bil ate, and composed by Dr. Elve Majesty the Queen. Y fSoar Albert;n t c h t Sanctus, also composed lrsoonoa tns.o of her rh Anthem, Messrs. Brewer, Cowell, Sun man,slere aiinidaltiteonwdlaeyne,Peacock, SteNlvar , t, . choir of St. eoSacred Harmonic Society, George'sf a c t tla b t e a h i e , e I Ca t s o t Castle, m in tandedcihtioorun chorus. the r. Dean, Chairman of the Customs, had an inter view with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official residence in Downing-street. Baron Brunnow, the Russian Minister, transacted business yesterday sit the Foreign-office. Mr. J. Strettell Brickv‘ood, Public Works Loan office, South Sea House, had an interview yesterday► with the Chancellor of the Exchequer. We are sorry to find, by the letter of our Dublin correspondent, that a resolution Las been passed by the Committee of the Repeal Association, calling upon the Irish Members not to attend their places in the next session of Parliament.—Morning Paper. The Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Trea• sury having communicated with the Beard of Trade on the subject of the admission of oil scraps at the tallow greaves duty, and the Lords of the Committee for Trade having stated that oil scraps are not available for any other purpose than the manufacture of prussiate of potash, therefore recommended that the article should be admitted at the same duty ships have approved thereof, and have authorised C us toms the to give the necessary of the Commissionersas dog greaves. Their Lord. directions to the officers of the ievenue to govern them. selves in future accordingly. 1~~ 11 44 104 'O 3 ,