The Sun. — London, England, 1850-01-31 00:00:00

• ZORN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY.— LOD GES PORTRAITS. Vol. IT oea . 1-l aYilig alre a d y more than once commended this very utful edition of an excellent work, it. will be sufficient fur 11 , and:onow to announce the publication of the fourth I,,urae, which cwitains thirty b eau tif u lly engrave d, " ti lts many wel!- writt ei s, " Portraits." greater number of th ese portraits are from the hand of Va t .- 3 6 , and some of them have been engraved with NMarvellous excellence. In this respect this fourth ome is superior to its predecessors—inithis respect, " s worth double or treble its actual price. Among oth er', the portraits of James Duke of Hamilton, the Earl of Surrey, the E trl of Holland, Charles Strafford, Laud, Alontrose, Gord,n, Falkland, and others are most admirable. --=-- E WINDSOR THEATRICAL EN TE RTAINME NTS. We are heartily glad to be able to announce that n , " „ Pri daY next th ese enterta i nments will be com t;inced• The sp i r i t i n which they will be main titie accords w i t h t h e taste displayed and developed li s t L. Year. We subjoin a co py o f th e Bill t o b e p l ace d ' f ore her M jesty and her visitors at Windsor : ROYAL ENTERTAINAENT. ?le r Ar ! ny COMMAND. - -"-aJeSty'S servants will perform at Windsor Castle, on Fr idan Feb. 1, 1850, Shakspere's tragedy of JULIUS E juli " Cresar .. C.:SAIL Mr. CHARLES FISHER Zetavius Cmsar. *************************** Mr. LEIGII MURRAY p_ ar . c tis Anton his Mr. CHARLES KEAN ‘TIIIIS Lena (a Senator) Mr. IlAunil Cassius ************ I Al cus Brutus ..1 rmr. MACREADY 1 Mr. JAMES I.X.TALLACI. l' '' r e ' b e : n . ............ (Conspirators I Mr. C , OOI'ER e t i e e : tn i e l i l i s ti . S . 6 . . 1. ................... against Mr. UATitca t a ,o r nD Julius Ca3sar) I Mr. CULLEN I .11T. CAULFIELD 11 4Vj u ********* ••• LAIN WORRELL 1 8 0eitmoint.hijususa 3 3, ( e a r • Tr . .. ...... ..... .) 3 1\ i l i. r . . C IN . r i . T D II_C II A I R. r T )ci , B jun. •• (Seryant to Antonius) V arro . 8 (Frien ito Brutus &Cassius) Mr. F. CooxE Mr. COE pktleillS ~. t (Servants to Brutus) „ ~ 1 Ji.r. ,_T KORGE WEBSTER ...pelrnes:tnactirllitSieSnerVall tto Cassius) Mr. BAY second ,9ttizen ..... ... Mr. AnDtsorr I ,%.. oari ;C ir i n t i i ;e(nwir; ... ............. i ......... . Mr. CLARKE ttia.( (Art to Brutus) ........ Mrs. F. SAVILLE Mrs. WARNER. Ladies in attendance on Calphurnia, Miss Wouws and Miss A. Wouws. c!.(le,aut n g at a ors, Citi zens , G uards, Attendants, &c. great part of the play, at Rome; afterwards at Sardis, and near Philippi. Director ...... Mr. CHARLES KEAN „; Assistant Director... Mr. GEORGE Emas. The heatre arranged and the scenery painted by Mr. THOMAS GRIEVE. D " ItUrtY-L ANE THEATRE. the atre lastsncceA evening with, if possible, more signal 4, 4 7 "lan on the first evening of its revival. The fr ern Inkg excellent notice of last night's perform h an t c h e e , apin; t " Times, is in entire aocordance with 4 111 . ' 3 ns Which we expressed in witnessing the per- Dr of Othello on the first night of its revival at ;la's-lane : out 41;11?_.ttan--ner in whi c h Othello has been brought and his house is so very creditable to the manager, kor4e remarkable in its character, that it merits a th e e P e cial notice than we were enabled to give on „Zasion of the first night. in th,„ 14 L aura Addison 's Desdemona is still fresh s Ine ahe ttiory of the play-going public, as last year t th e p i a iYed it alternately with Mrs. Charles Kean a lan e „4Yraarket. The large dimensions of Drury tress "r; decidedly in her favour, as she is an ac- Pas sa a • t ""re power than finish, and her strong the 1. as, for i ns t ance , th e appea l i n efftbet:ourth act, come out w i th very great ll _ t ' e a o i Ot hello was fi rs t p l aye d b y M r . An e the occasion of a benefit which he took during then 4aeready's management of Drury-lane, and . ti ori i att rute d respectful notice. The want of varia ti "is which has bean particularly ob sary4bl deli v ery , a ßainst e i t ' f late years, militates in some degree he ai Knit " tne effectiveness of his interpretation, but t . bate 37 adeportment which seems with him to be in: achol: 11 ;d which is one of his best qualifications, is mark ed 'Y suited to the "noble" Moor, and the more ,with, e " Passages of distress and rage are rendered a unt. °l . e r a t _t Power. Mr. Vandenhotl's Ingo is excel as villany of the character is never obtruded 4 41 . s" render it a wonder how any one can trust *ern' in render while the mask of honesty is carefully air i d ti the sight of the other characters, a peculiar lladie,,oehgoing confidence reveals the real man to the g ito e. ,sve rto w aver, it i s not only to the acting of the 'hat Parts, but to the general style of production, Othei‘r refer when we speak of the Drury-lane °a p r ,„" ,as a remarkable performance. Having felt jr,A-71°41 occasions that in point of mice en see alent:laderson seemed to he behind his nge, we gladly_ this revival as a symptom of a better state of ar e geB Much of the scenery is new, the costumes are coati and the mere circumstance that in the . a rta oi ; Itet Othello, lago, and Casio al Lppear in Sho ws an attention to details of decorati o n ;arati n e ttnot be too highly commended. The re :m ththe c h aracters of Bianca and the Clown ‘ , 4 10 4, 6 1 , text of Shakspere is another good sign, for, t hese may add but little to the effectiveness *ark. he play se they show that an originating spirit is at Be ati a l ", t _nce the opening at Christmas we have never e " d d f •-• lity within the 4 - of ( el e synqa.onis o Old Drury." Zoiv r , „, The :'.°-I\r'-----"WEDNESDAY CONCERTS. 'lilt, per of fifteen concerts cam n e d to a close las, a very good I f l roß rari lv_itt a crowded attendance 11,00 , 411 Ln .., The electi?n in n c c l e uded some pieces a young ai ßer fiLa -neolena, in which . Miss Eyles, ltjr, ‘‘ n o much promise, obtained an encore in non Vol r ,, \‘' that I never more might see" (" Deh zo 4)1 1 1,, )) and :Airs. A. Newton sang the tw? . s s opr o a w i n 46,(:xceedingly well. Ernst pll_yecil e . h i s was Neor:l2./grois and Mayseder's Air V for th.' 14 both, but declined to repeat e the former; vari,ti°o_l4tter he substituted some of t . h as e C on arn_a_ o va s a nd No'''. Ths.lberg gave his fantasias was -Ili rede- Nted,d.rina, the former of which air, coin- Anchuez, t Pertnes sang swell-writte no b "' IL: t Y Air. 1, 0 . rr Anchuez, with . avi o l n y c o ell f o , O bligato I ' and the t ' liiy r '',;. L. P hillips—besides . "the :e ,o,t itsea3'," the first of which he was Richardson, coed - met 11 , 13 '.:: 1 7 A solo on the flute, for flute and el -.' the same compliment ; by Mr. and a duet l _ ay. eoeir 4rlonet, between that gentleman and 11 , r. M . _ r. ki d ' was ball 4„ D warrniy received. The new tenor, M n _ S; -crodshain, san g ~ vivi tu" and a couple f ~„' A. year or two in Italy, with a good 14 i t '' and d•i• do great things - eir i i , 1 'gent study, might . voi ce ~ rodshain, who has a pleasing and capableers Were' but wants experience. The other sing 'ffeeti:l4lB3 Poole, who was encored i❑ a very te rota‘h ballad of IV. lter Maynard, with . h 4 -t ie titl e 'Raer of " Always d with me ;" Mademoi r s a e n ll d e r ota 4 ,1 who displayed much feeling in the g t1 ,411(1 ) Urn°,llll,:ber Pr-eischutz; Mr. Lind, &c. The ;r, 4° ev r i''''• the direction of Herr Anchuez, executed 4 4 7,, e i de ur i e 3 a r to the Ruins oAthelis, TZhaempp r a o l d g a ramme x.itZlii t o gi v e-gee, ewithgeneral i Bre a t:f spir i t. et o but the encores, traitYv erY 4 f r e tewr etxhee exceptions, satisfaction, distasteful steful to the ma- Perf, Pconcertw " God save the Queen" li Ny ' ; l ,?!. li l l. : l !_ci, s the principal vocalists taking the 4, 4l Rre at "r e allotted to Herr Formes was sung bay ent of ,POWer and loudl applauded. The arrange -1 0 .. tue National Anthyem, however, was a very • ,h e National rl changes of key (to suit the different llabllr°"lleing an effect by no means natural or ree '*. /v.ialitili,ollltr,kteod!:!_e_t,wo extra concerts, at the first of soh„Nyaeßintd.-siesnay next, . Ernst is to play four that the eu "I? with the violin concerto of Mendels e4'l44,"ert being announced for the benefit of ' per Iv, h 'i o; 118 ‘ , 1 44/ t ......."............................................._ late l e '''' the eI"`"EN DOWAGER'S PROPERTY.—The (11,Dt°41etit,)d inlicent furniture and effects of her_ e hitl 4 , e r d of priva4t43tY the Queen Dowage is abo d ut st t r o ee b t. "cid tZttlgenlent i',„by Mr. Owen, of New Bond -street. tottnner in ncone,,:-% been determined on t in order - to 43 follow:"Iiich ::.` e llea of a public a t u d c , and the ilso something tho iti,',44 i :": sale will be ff ra ec a ‘ de of the whole htatist,3,..pl,rk (4,,e4:'s story has been Marlborough-house, ' l ld ee .' l SZe c il 4 c d the Priory. The value of each article thi: with „; i'or pr3bate duty in the usual manner, kitti-lestirnti-te", to the convenient disposal of the effects, bot t !' Plat bay 'bell appended to every lot of fur 1, e 0 , li e -, li er . 'elect ed .ea, aad other description of property tee,: will b le the bequests of her late. Maj!sty. 1 4 ' ll 1)4, e " Public admission, but private invi- Ivijl t ' on ' w e h b . eeo issued by Mr. Owen for u?sday tit v e L9ra Pi m leh day the sale at Marlborougn-nouse p t ' la ' . ve tla ry - 2 "::__ T . h_e- property includes a large quan- Der ei p a ber.r.turniture, upwards , of 20,000 ounces rtly, i in, ~o ci tnitul collection of Sesres . and Dresden )14 vi t3r. The ,ue usual effects of a mansion devoted to g ° R di ellery will not be sold, the late Queen ' tl est IsPosea s hot tu v • -of this portio n of her property by be -I,,,ttoltt.eotairal,(,)L friends and dependents We understand_ 114141)1y b e t?, 5 are in progress the result of which will 1-OY-hous the Purchase of the effects contained in q a.ite °by her Majesty the Qutea. 44‘34 ' ll ° ll To A. BISROPRIC. —The Rev. Dr. Bull, *044 .°1 to ;b at , lik e t _ , a Church,. Oxford, being asked if . he 444.,,c0hm i3'lo've the bishopric of that see, replied, ttlkolof aittki7 ,1?e objection to it, which was, that in " 44 bo cb li g "La la arSe, as at present, John Ball, he " w tai 494 0X94,--,Pae .7t. scut ior his billiard and Ingatelle tables. Mr. Buhn's Spirit of entert.xise d, s , ,rves support, awl we heartily wish ' him sucee. —Ar 0 ' h er vo l ume of the 'Scientific Library enntains a traEslation of Humb o idc s " Asn N;t eets of ..ture," brnamented with a beautiful eolou'red cngnvior end a fac-Nimile of i s writiw, talc,-;1 frown a letter addressed by 4the barou to to the publisher. In this letter he very ustly begs the reader to overlook the oblique and il l - gible c h aracter of his hlndwriting,, for he h:s un bras malade since his voyage to the forests of America. MISS CUSHMAN. BROADWAY THEATRF. - TiliS distinguished Ame ricaa actress is playing a farewell eag - agement at the lir ada ay, preparatory to a lengthened visit to the southern and western St tes. Her reception has been as warm as that accorded to her on her last visit to New York. The species cf antagoni.,tic criticism exercised upon Miss Cushman has induced us to watch her performances with increased scrutiny during her present engagement ; for we confess to being among those who would accord to this gifted woman the fullest extent of genius and artistic talent, cordially awarded to her by the ablest critics in England and this country. And in carrying out our observation, we find . nothing to warrant us in adopting a " sober second thought" contrary to the opinion we formed on witnessing her first performances on her re-ap pearance among us. We hold her to he unques tionably one of the greatest actresses of our times, and especially do we conceive her to be one of the ablest illustrators of that peculiar school of acting, which, taking its impress from our days, bids fair to become the standard on which acting as an art will hereafter be modelled. The acting of Miss Cushman is without dispute a veritable embodiment of the mo dern literal or real school of histrionic art, as con trasted with the ideal, in which may be comprised the classical and the romantic. This modern school is the growth of our practical age, which is alike stamping its brand on every department of literature, science, and art, and is consequently moulding the minds of men to the strictly practical and real. The drama, which is the most secular of all poetry, could not tail of receiving a large infusion of the liberal spirit of the age; and the players, who are " but the brief abstracts and chronicles of the times," would be sure to adapt themselves to the prevailing tone of society. But actors, as a class, from their prejudices and conventionalisms, are ultra-conservatives; they eschew reform and cling to existing evils, with un yielding tenacity. A few daring spirits, " finely touched," have occasionally appeared on the theatri - cal horizon, who sought to bring acting nearer to nature and reality ; and their influence, although limited, has been salutary. But in their day they had to pass through the furnace of opposition, and were branded as ‘• heretics," by the old established leaders of long cherished conventional usages. Quin de nounced Garrick as an innovator, and denied all faith in his delivery of language, because it lacked the ac customed stage "tang." Cooke was pronounced coarse, ungainly, and unclassical—by the admirers of the finished Kemble school ; and the elder Kean, by the same infallible authorities, was dubbed a harlequin, a mountebank, and a ranter. Miss Cushman has ventured on the real and literal in acting. She follows out the principles of the great disciples of this school, Rachel, Bouffi, and others of the class; and converting her personifications—not into ideal sublimities of human nature, harmonized into a species of deification, but into flesh and blood realities, she gives tangible, practical, and readily understood interpretations of her author's language, and this too without conventional regard to rhythm and melody, so strenuously insisted upon, as being the inseparable adjuncts of stage delivery. Sound, or the " stage tang," is wholly set at defiance, when its adoption would interfere with the due rendering of the sense; and hence her marvellous power of bringing home to the perceptions of an auditory the true meaning of language. She appears to anatomise every wcrd, nay, every syllable she utters, with a power almost electric, when an accented stress is necessary to convey a great thought. Her acting is consequently always sugges tive. Let any intelligent spectator contrast her method of delivery with that of the actors surrounding her, and the full force of our remarks will become palpably apparent. Her action, bye-play, and the so-called business of the stage, are also modelled after this literal and real school ; and to this joint combination we are indebted for the realities of her Meg Rlerrillies, her marvellously real Lady Macbeth, and her life-like embodiments of Rosalind, Beatrice, and Julia. To the same causes we presume she is indebted for her reputation in ltotneo, and characters of that class. This adoption of the real, in preference to the ideal in acting, we know is open to argument. It is cOn sidered a desecration of histrionic art thus to reduce it to the mere literal. The very illusion of the drama, it is contended, is sacrificed by bringing it down to the real. But in an age when everything is imbued with the practical, this position is un tenable. At the period when the bar, the pulpit, and the senate have discarded the factitious " graces of the schools," and are compelled to be earnest and real, to secure the suffrages of their auditors, the stage cannot expect to main tain its ascendancy by speaking a language foreign to the appreciative powers, and contrary to the taste of the people. Why even opera is no longer the vehicle of harmonies alone, and unmeaning sounds. It is the lyric drama ; its professors must be able to embody passions, feelings, and emotions, and mus interpret the conception of the master,. or they wi fail in their vocation. Nay, further, what is called this boasted ideal, as applied to acting ? Is not the true use of acting to hold " the mirror up to nature," with just so much, perhaps, of the ideal to render it agreeable and strik ing, as the painter employs to throw a charm around pictorial art. The litera tchool of acting, of which Miss Cushman is so able an illustrator, does this. As the painter is compelled to examine and dissect the minutest particularities of nature, animate or inani mate, so does the actor of the real analyse the hu man mind, lay hire its inmost recesses, and imitate its palpable and actual developments, heightening and colouring each particular phase to suit it for public display, or he resembles the orator, increasing the force of his conversational tones to arrest the attention of his hearers, and give expression to his thoughts Will the most strenuous advocate of the ideal in acting avow that the customary stage decla mation, with its conventional tones and mechanical and recurring cadences, is a transcript of real life ? Do the pompous and stilted style of action, and the stereotyped trickeries of the stage, look in any way like true reflexes of nature ? Are they not weariness to behold, ridiculous and offensive in the eyes of in telligent spectators ? As models for professional orators, or as subjects for imitation in social life, they are utterly false and valueless. And yet such is the influence of the stage, in all communities, that it becomes a model on these points. These evident defects of the ideal school of acting are sufficient to make every intern. gent playgoer hail the advent of the present stage reform, and give his cordial and hearty support to Miss Cushman, for the very able and powerful expo sition of the one that she has so wisely adopted. New York Albion, Dec. 29, 1849. DEATH OF MADAME GRASSINI , Madame Grassini, one of the most celebrated Ita- Tian singers, and the most beautiful woman, of her day, died lately at Milan, at the advanced age of 75. Few of her profession ever boasted of a career so long and so brilliant as hers. In Italy, France, Germany, and England, she achieved for herself the highest reputa tion, and for many yeara ruled in undisputed possess sion of the throne of song. She was born at Varese, in Lombardy, in 1775. From her earliest age she displayed an extraordinary aptitude and predilection for music. Struck with these manifestations, and the singular beauty of her voice, General Belgiojoso un dertook the charge of her education. The progress of the young cantatrice surpassed the most ar dent expectations of her patron. Mdlle. Grassini became an accomplished singer at an age when other candidates for the profession are in their novitiate. She made her debut at La Scala, in Milan, in 1794. She sang with Marchisi, and the tenor Lazzsrini, in the Artaserse of Zingarelli ; and in the Demofonte of Portogallo. She was overwhelmed with ap plauses, and the beauty, power, and quality of her voice produced an immense effect. Her lower notes were more especially admired. Madame Gras sini's voice was, in fact, a contralto, but, like Mali bran, she had worked it up into the soprano register. From the moment of her first appearance Mdlle. Grassini created an unprecedented sensation, 'which soon spread throughout all Italy. Her journey to Venice, to Naples, to Rome, was marked by a series of triumphs. Recalled to Milan in 1796, she sang with Crescentini in Zingarelles Romeo e Giulietta, and excited the utmost enthusiasm. The following year she appeared at Venice, at the La Fenice Theatre, where she played Orezia in Cimarosa's opera Gli Orazi a Curiazi. Again she awakened the same furore, each performance confirming more and more the fiat of public opinion. Shortly afterwards she returned to Naples, and performed during the fetes which were given on the occasion of the marriage of the hereditary prince. In 1800 we again find Mdlle. Grassini singing in Milan, at the Scala. After the battle of Marengo she was heard at a concert in pre sence of Napoleon, then First Consul. Napoleon was in raptures with her, and took her to Paris , . On the 22d of July, in the same year, she assisted at the grand national festival celebrated at the Champ de Mars, at which 800 musicians performed. At this period her voice had attained all its power, and was in full possession of its freshness and beauty. The sensation she created, according to the critics of the dtoayi, was perfectly i n d escr ib a bl e. I a 1 80 3 s h e came London, and was engaged at the King's Theatre. At this time Mrs. Billington was the reigning favou rite with the English public. She had debuted for the first time at the Italian Opera house but a short favouritism bestowed on ni s time previous to Grassi " the appearance one— a ;n andone—and justly fromty be stowed—andthe the immense reputation which preceded the other, expectation was as wio t un l d up to the highest G a ra ways is, was pitch. But expectation, some how disappointed. Maame Grassini: Andid not move Mrs. Billington from her popu l l_a_ri . t s y. e s u p 4 sa o ia r lly lB o a s tt , aa r h e e c d alle t d a order from Napoleon, then Emperor, in Madame Grassini to Paris. the theatre pad the concerts of the cour t, she sang for several years with Crescentini, 13rizzi, Ta nardi, and Madame Paer. Paer wrote the Di 'done expressly for her, in which her acting has been re pre sented as equally fine with her singing. Mac: ame Grasaini, it i, said, made, a veritable creation of this character, which was pronounced a chV dceuvre, as we 11 for dramatic force and expression, as for the pf-:r fecqon of style and vocalisation. The fall of Yipo leon lost to Madame Grwisini all the brilliant advan- • tages she possessed at the court. But her voice no longer retained its freshness and purity, and she could not seek elsewhere to establish a new reign of power and absolutism. She left Paris for Italy, where she sang f,r SOMR year, and then retired inqo private life.—Musical World. LECTURE on SLEEP, SUSPENDED ANIMATION, AND DEATH . . The sixth lecture of this course, at the Royal In stitution, was delivered on Friday evening last, by Mr. Thomas Turner. The lecturer said, that when a person was in a state of catalepsy, a very little fur ther advance would cause the individual to pass from time to eternity. Catalepsy usually began suddenly, and the duration of the disease was uncertain ; it had been known to continue for a day or tw o, but he believed there were no well-authenticated instances of its being extended over many days. One remark able phenomenon in this state was that the muscles remained in a very flexible state; and that in what ever position the arm, the hand, or the body itself, was placed, in that it would remain. In catalepsy, we had the suspension of the visible evidences of life manifested to the greatest extent to which they could possibly be carried, without their terminating in death. In treating of the subject of death, be should endeavour to divest it of many of those terrors which might be associated with it, and consider it in its philosophical, physiological, and moral point of view. In the language of their syllabus, molecular death was the necessary accompaniment of life— general death was the necessary consequence of life. Every minute that we live there was a waste and a decay, and death took place in the body. There was more mystery, more wisdom manifested in the little things that escaped our attention, than in all the great things we observed. We talked of man, and we considered him in reference to his bones, his muscles, his joints, his organs of digestion, circula tion, respiration, and powers o f th oug ht ; b ut i f we looked into the minute atoms of which man was formed, we should know that it was in those little cells that all the active operations of life were carried on—that each cell was an individual organism, and had its own me ans o f supp l y an d waste—that its existence was ephemeral—that it was formed, per formed its office, died, and passed away. It was through the medium of those cells that the food taken into the body was converted into blood —that the dif ferent solids and fluids of the body were formed —that nutrition was accomplished, the energy of the senses maintained, and the powers ofthe mind manifested. The death of those molecules or cells, or of the elements of which they were formed, would soon draw in general death. Supply and life were the two essential con ditions of active life; and in order that health and life should be maintained, there must be a balance betwixt the two. Age made a distinction. In the child, the supply exceeds the waste, because th e exi gencies of growth and nutrition had to be accom plished. In the old man the waste exceeded the supply, and he died from inanition, if not from dis ease. If the supply were withheld, the body became emaciated, the cheeks hollow, the eyes sunken, the face pallid, the skin cold, as that of a corpse ; the person became pulseless, and the breath was slow, giving no more than an indication of life; the brain became demented, there was an indifference as to life or death; and in that state the individual died. In a case of mesentric disease, food was taken abundantly, and digested, chyle was formed, but its passage to the blood was dammed up; there was an insurmountable barrier beyond which it could not go, and, therefore, it could not afford any nutriment. The child ulti mately died of inanition, all the soft parts being ab sorbed to nourish the body. Inanition was the cause of death in old age, when disease did not ter minate death. It was not that food was not copiously taken, but the stomach was worn out, and refused to perform its office of digestion. Even if the food were perfectly assimilated, the heart, from age and change of texture, might be incapable of transmitting the blood to the cells, and to the capillary extremi ties of the vessels. Respiration was not carried on with the energy necessary to maintain the tempera ture of the body, the blood became impoverished, and did not furnish the nutriment which the system de manded ; and thus it went on, until all the organs re fused to act. During this time the system lived upon itself, like a hybernating tree the vessels of th e b o d y lived upon its dep os it e d fluids and solids, and even the animal matter contained in the bones was absorbed, until they lost all their elasticity, and became brittle as glass. The individual at length succumbed to death, almost without a struggle. Disease, as arising from defective supply, or from the molecules falling into a state of decay, would bring on general death. Death, as arising from molecular decay, might well be divided into natural and morbid. Natural molecular decay was that which took place necessarily, and had for its object the removal of the effete and done with matter, which, if they remained, would be not only useless but injurious to the animal economy. In the morbid state, disease began in the molecules, before there was any indication of general death ; but it crept on until it involved the brain, the lungs, and the heart, the great triumvirate for sustaining mental and organic life. When it was seen ho ar all parts of the human organism were knit together by the sym pathy of nerves, vessels, and other things, it was scarcely possible to suppose that one part could die, or be affected, without involving the whole. But look to the reparative power of nature. There was inherent in living matter, a power of repair of which medical men availed themselves—if they assisted it, that practice was, when permitted, successful ; if they thwarted it, it was an egregious mistake, and the pa tient paid the penalty. This power resisted disease and repaired accident. It was inherent in the tree, and in animals as well as in ourselves, and there fore, it was a gift for preservation. Mr. Turner then referred to, and explained at some length, a diagram, as well as a cast of the human brain, in order to show the influence of the brain up on organic life, and the independence of organic life, to a certain extent, of the brain. The relative de pendence upon the brain was this : That if we withdrew the will from respiration, it would fail to effect its purposes—it would not perform the offices which it was intended to perform, and which we knew it to perform Will was necessary, in con nexion with respiration, for speech, for in speaking we had a control over respiration ; but there was also the involuntary power of respiration, such as was manifested by our breathing during sleep, which fulfilled important purposes in connexion with ani mal life. If we were to abate or cut away the dif ferent portions of the nervous system, of which he had before spoken, all the mental powers would be gone—there would be no will, no sensatior, no feel ing, no indication of the existence of mental life; and thus, by the separation of one part from the other, we could separate the mind from the body, so far as it could be done, in reference to the nervous system. There was a similarity in the case of dying—for the mind died before the body.—Manchester Guardian. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD, JAN. 30. JESUS COLLEGE.—A scholarship belonging to one of the six counties of North Wale., and of the en dowment of Oliver Lloyd, Doctor of Divinity, ac cording to the donation of the benefactor, to be nomi nated by the heirs of his family, being vacant, the Principal and Fellows have fixed .Monday, the 18th of February next, for the election of a proper person into the vacant place. The Boden Professor of Sanscrit (Mr. H. H. Wil son), will commence his lectures at the Clarendon on Monday, the 11th of February, at two o'clock. Two elementary Hebrew classes will be formed during the present term. The first is intended for such as are just beginning the language; the second, for those who require instruction in the higher parts of Hebrew grammar. Those who wish to attend the elementary lectures are requested tc call on the Rev. R. Gamlen, M.A., Magdalen H a ll, on F r id a y, th e I s t o f F e b ruary, be tween the hours of two and three. Christ Churcb, Jan. 30. CAMBRIDGE, JAN. 30. The Professor of Mineralogy has given notice that his lectures will commence on Thursday, Feb. 7. These lectures will be given on Mondays, Tues days, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, from two to three, in the Mineralogical Museum, under the west end of the new library. Gz.ntlemen who attend these lectures with the in tention of obtaining the professor's certificate, which by grace of th e S :nate (Oct. 31, 1848) is now re quired under certain conditions for the degrees of B A., honorary M.A ~ and 8.C.L., must be provided with the professional lecture ticket, for which they are requested to apply to the registrary, or to their college tutor. Gentlemen who do not require the certificate are admitted gratis. NORTHAMPTON AND PYTCHLFY HUNT RACES. Fad Spencer, the stsnch and lile4tlsupportor of these well-conducted races, has suggested a new stake for tho second day of the ensuing meeting, to which his Lord ship will add 1001. It will be a handicap of 20 sem each, h ft, for three yrs old and upwards. To enter on the Ist of March, the weights to be published on the 15th, and forfeit, on the 20th. There is every prospect of this being one of tho most brilliant meetings ever held at Northampton. ADVICE TO THE LADIES. (From Eliza Cook's Jour.,:al.) From causes I need not now stop to trace, those persons on whom the ladies liberally shower the epi thets of kill-joy, square-toes, or old quiz, have hitherto, fir the most part, had it all their own way in the reading of "lectures" and delivering cf "preachments" to our fair cotintrywotnen. May rot I —seeing from a point of view quite different to theirs—jot down some notions of mine on so impor tant a subject ? I have never heard that the alphabet was less easily learnt from ginger-bread letters; that draughts of medicine were rendered less effica cious by being flavoured with peppermint, garnished with pink paper, and dispensed by an assistant pos sessed of good teeth, and valanced with those "dear whiskers ;" nor can I believe that my observations, and fault-finding I may add, will be the less note worthy for their writer's being a young bachelor, with not the faintest intention of ever being an old one ; but kesping at the bottom of his Pandora's box of daily vexations, the hope of matrimony. At all events, I shall try the experiment through the medium of passionless foolscap and ink, of making you acquainted with some of my convictions on what I may call lady-vices, illustrated by no highly finished portraitures, but mere outlines of the most prominent characteristics of those of my female friends, who may serve to show my meaning. And, if you please, I shall dispense with the rules of art altogether in my gossip to you, meeting promiscu ously (as I am in the habit of doing with Alargaret, of whom, more anon —though there is often some art about that), meeting promiscuously, I say, with the topics as they rise. And, first, my fair readers, I would lay great stress on your not being frivolous; and this I would beg of you, not to be, in defiance of those conventional rules that indicate the manufac ture of book marks, fly -traps with yellow paper, canary birds inside, porte monnaies, anti-macassars, Joseph's , coat-like patch-work table-covers, and jug shaped Berlin wool pence -pouches, as thefit disposal of your thne, in defiance of a saying —current only among the shallowest of men, and having no founda tion in truth—that "nothing profiund should be ex pected from the petticoats;" and in corformity with the sentiment of that beautiful couplet in " Man fred,"— ‘• rhitek'st thou existence doth depend on time? It doth, but actions are our epochs." Bear in mind that, as Dr. Johnson well observes ; " many of our hours are lost in a rotation of petty cares, in a constant recurrence of the same employ ments." That you are, by nature, "noble i n reason and infinite in faculties;' that —but I will introduce you to Mrs. Le Grand, late Miss Pinchbeck, an ex cellent specimen of frivolity. Mrs. Le Grand, late Miss Pinchbeck, then, is a great correspondent, that is, every afternoon she un locks her ladies' rose-wood writing-desk, and papeterie, which latter contains her envelopes and fancy note-paper, and dashes off some half-dozen vapid notes, containing less practical utility, per haps, than Solomon's (in the Stranger") the "foreign correspondence," and every morning business-like knock of the postman an nounces the arrival of some responsive echoes wafted to her, crossed in the writing, and scaled with motto tous memorand a , wafers. She called her husband var i ously " hubby, " " dear old crosspatch," and " old m an ;" says " bless a sh k e es ati sneezes ; carries a L etts ' probably havi n g in it for subject- ma t ter, followers and d y i o a u r , y " , unfailingly,— e if m unfair joints; calls any hurry she may happen to be in a "scuffle ;" loses her housewifely keys, and then is "in tribulation about them,"-and knows only two words cf French, which she consequently wears to death : "distingue," and "distrait." She is no reader, indeed, she wonders how any lady can go and see " Othello ;" she parades a superstitious dread of ill luck on a Friday ; she will apostrophize a singed moth for five minutes together, in your presence ; will speak of "styles of meat," of a cheesemonger's "shining" in bacon, of the weather as "muggy," and when disposed to be jocular, aims at it by using such exaggerating phrases as "exchequer," or " finances," to express a purse or money ; " breaking a charter," for making an exception, and the like. In fine, she will go on with the same monotonous note, as the travelling clocktnan announces his passing by sounding—day after day ; like, as after they have "cast on," "knitted," and "purled" ten or twelve rows, the votaries of crotchet and embroidery will commence again, so, ten or twelve hours of one day of her life and employment of it, typifies the whole. May I not write a brief moral under this Picture. I have no high-flown views about woman's mission to impart. I was nassed the other evening by two women, one covered about the bonnet and cloak with small dust-fall, fokwed at a little distance by two men, one of whom had . .goubt/ess been amusing himself by pitching handsful of gravel after them. I should not have noticed this, btit that, just as they passed me, one of the women said, in reply to an ob servation, I had not heard madu l by one of the men, " We were not mad e t o th row ' atones at, however. " Very well, I adopt your sentitnerit, madam, that wo man's vocation is not to have stones thrown at it, nor is it either to be put in a glais-case and looked at like a wax flower—like Mrs. La Grand. Should you have "great taste in dress," but nothing besides, no genuine sympathies—no degree of information —n o average intelligence—no anything? II it fitting that you should while away your time in conversation, well 'erined small-talk, that leads to no result—elicits no new fact, and could possibly have no Q.E. D. written at the end of it ? I, at all events, will launch 13 archell's (in the " Vi car o f Wakefield") expressive criticism, "Fudge," at you fer it. I, at all events, will assert that the cares of house-keeping, whether shared by a family of daughters, or discharged single-handed, are not so engrossing; but that you, who are engaged in no regular occupation, have the amplest leisure for laying in a stock of that learning, which is justly pronounced better than houses and lands. Mrs. Bell Wether too is a lady who I hope will not include you among her disciples. She is a great stickler for conventionalities ("I should like to do what is proper, of course," in her own words), tells you that no fashionable person would be seen in town after August 12th ; that the Queen has taken her physician with her on her tour ; or that a new l a di es ' ear• trumpet has be en invented, shaped like a fiswer. The peerage and baronetage supplies her idea of the sublime and beautiful (a Burke wrote a book on each) ; indeed, she has an implicit respect for the great, in the abstract, and will p rose half an hour together as to my Lord T om N oddy bears to Lady whos e t i t l e he will succeed to; she hich s h e makes from a tea-urn, rather than cas t e ; an d oN w v h oe a ro t d hi r e e eh l r a e relationship n h wa i p would lose anything she will affect a very finical horror of low neigh bourhoeds and humble people. Poor quivering shirt hand in White's-rents, ragged hawker in Brown's lane, she knows you not I And vet, tell her of a shipwreck in the other hemisphere, read to her of a conflagration leagues away, and she will show such " a dejected 'haviour of the visage, together with all forms, modes, shows of grief," as makes me recall a phrase in the cheap outfitters' advertisements, "mourning to any extent at five minutes' notice." But let me now, however, turn to a more congenial subject ; let me leave the Le Grands and Bell Wethers (polished grates may I call them; compared with stoves glowing with a ruddy, crackling fire), let me leave these, an d all who in their anxiety to be lady-like forget to be womanly, and turn to that Joan of whom I confess myself to be the Darby, that certain party who has not the least idea of high life— Margaret. Mind, Iby no meansdesire to affirm that Margaret is the N. of t o whom I am irrevo cably willed to be the M. of No, if it were in that certain state, I should hardly last week have been exacting the customary tribute, which had cost me a three minutes' chase and all my breath, from a very p re t ty girl in p i n k , at ki ss i n the ring, or rea ssur i ng her engag i ng terror, while what was billed as " a sanguine display of fireworks" was going on, hard by : or at a still latter period have, Petrarch-like, dogged a very Laura of charmers in a slate -coloured bonnet, and a black silk visite, a full two miles out of my way, until, indeed, her abruptly stopping to exchange salutations with a rival in a shooting coat and garden hat at the corner of a street, obliged my simultaneous disappearance down an opposite one. Oh no, we are not engaged, though when, as she sews a button on for me, she asks what we men would do without her sex, I cannot help be ginning to think. I shall never he able to do without her; though, when I am sufficiently happy to be holding skeins for her to reel, and she calls all my fingers thu m b s i n su ch a bewitching way, t h at I do myself glancing at th e unr i nged fourth and ; and though o ft en, when sometimes finger catch of her left hand roused by some remark of hers from a wrapt contem plation of her, I begin to wonder whether this may not be the private interview preparatory to a final settlement, mentioned in matrimonial advertisements. I will attempt a faint outline of her appearance Ivory shoulders, pearly teeth, ruby lips, e b on h a i r, these are some o f" the gifts which, fused into one person, make her " a real fortune to a husband ;" but could I daguerreotype the " feminine assault" of her smile when she corrects a trifling misstatement with, no— I tell a story— or tells your and her humble servant of wet nights, that he will "go home by water, then" —you—why you too, perhaps, would he want ing to launch into the honourable estate of matrimony with so winsome a steerstnate. A nd as I consider Margaret as coming near enoug h o womanly perfection for my purpose, I shall just finish this paper with her description. She works for her living with her hands, which may excuse ber fondness fur light reading in leisure hours; she can sympathise with that dashing highwayman, Claude Dina), with that preux chevalier Valancourt, and, in a word, generally with that numerous class of travel stained pedestrians who, towards the close of a wet day in the spring of the year --, and at the opening of many a dry novel I call to mind, are con ti nua ll y arriving at romantic road-atdc inns, (I know that JANUARY 31, 1850 Imports Exports Official va!un. Actual value. ••• 862000,000 ... 708,000,000 ... 1,153,000,000 ... 956,000,C 00 SPECIAL COMMERCE. _ _ Official value, Actual value. Imports ... ... 556,000,000 ... 474,000,000 Exports 833.000,000 ... 670,000,000 Thus, from whatever point of view we regard these figures, the same fact strikes the eye—viz., that the amount of the exports greatly exceeded that of the imports. What is the signification of this reversal of the ordinary course ? It signifies that in 1848, work being slack under the influence of the political crises, we drew from abroad less raw material; it also sig nifies that the internal consumption having fallen off, our producers were compelled to seek foreign outlets at any cost, in ;which they were aided by the pre miums and sur-premiums granted by the Govern ment (to the amount of 21,399,4511. in 1848). There is, therefore, no reason to rejoice at this circumstance. The carriage by sea plays the most important part in the general movement of our exchanges. It figures for 71 per cent. In this movement the share taken by our own navy is, unfortunately, anything but considerable. We shall discuss the subject in a special article. Let us examine what goods and what powers oc. cupy the first rank in the ensemble of our commercia operations:— - Goods—As regards the imports, cotton wool occu pies the first 'place, although the quantity was less than in former years. The total quantity imported was 80,000,0001. (official value), or 40,000,000 f. (actual value), nearly the whole came from the United States; 39,000,000 f. out of 40,000,0001. There follows :—silk s , 26,000,0001. (actual value); coal, 39,000,000 f. ; common wood, 30,000,000 f. • colonial su gar , 23,00 0,000 f.; olive oil, 21,000,00 d undressed skins, 14,000,000 f. ; indigo, 12,000,000 f.; and copper, 12,000,000 f. As regards the exports, tissues figure most conspicuously. Silk tissues alone figure for 139,000,0001. in the mass of the value exported. Woollen and cotton tissues occupy a far more humble place; the first figure for 66,000,000 f., and the second for 44,000,0001. (actual value). After tissues come our wines, 43,000,000 f. ; corn, nearly 37,000,0001.; dressed skins, 31,000,0001.; brandies, 24,000,0001. ; toys, 24,000,000 f. and works in metals, 12,000,0001. It is interesting to ascertain what countries are our best customers, what is the nature of the pro duce which they buy from or sell to us, by what means our intercourse might be extended, and so on. The following are the countries which furnish us with the largest supplies : Amount of the Imports, 1. United St 3 , .7s Francs. 101,000,000 2. Belgium ..• ... 63,000,000 3. Sardinia 46,000,000 4. Russia ... •.. 45,000,000 5. England . . 28,000,000 6. India ... •.. 24,000,000 7. Turkey ... 22,000,000 8. Germanic Confederation ... 21,000,000 9. Spain ... ••• 20,000,000 10. Switzerland ... .• ... 14,000,000 The above figures indicate the official values, which are fictitious. The real values are as follows : Francs. 1. Belgium 74 , 000 , 000 2. United Stato,l 57,000,000 3. Sardinia... ... ... ... 39,000,000 4. Russia ... ... 31,000,000 5. England... ... ••• ... 30,000,000 6. Germanic Confederation ... 23,000 000 7. Spain ... 18,000,000 8. Turkey ... 17,000,000 9. India ... 17,000,000 10. S vitzerland ••• 15,000,000 Thus Belgium 'passes from the second to the first rank; the United States from the first to the second; Sardinia, England, and Russia keep their places; the Germanic Confederation and Spain rise at the ex pense of English India and Turkey. Switzerland remains the last. Coal constitutes the largest item of the commodi• ties supplied from Belgium. In 1848 we took from that country nearly 12,000,000 of metrical quintals, valued at 26,000,000 f. Cast iron figures f )r 5,500,000 f. ; horses for an (qua' sum; linens for 3,000,0001.; and woollens (en masse) for 3,000,000 f. The Belgium imports thus consist for the most part of raw material. Cotton wool it is needless to say is the great staple of import from America. In 1848 it figured for 57,000,000 f. After cotton comes tobacc o , nearly 6,000,000 f. ; and oa k staves, nearly 3,000,000 f. Sardinia sends us twilled silks, olive oil, articles of goldsmithery, and raw silks. From Russia we receive nearly 17,000 000 f. of corn. It is our granary of abundance. We also re ceive oleaginous seeds, linens, hemp, common woods, and raw tallow. Eogland pays for our own exports with coal (9,500,000 f.), pure copper (3,500,0001.), cast iron, iron, and steel (nearly 3,000,000 f.), and woollens, en masse (nearly 2,000,000 f.) From the Germanic Cmfederation we take com mon woods, refined sugar, and coffee (a rather curious circumstance, as the Confederation has no colonies), woollens, cattle, and leaf tobacco. • Spain supplies us with woollens, olive oil, oranges and lemons Turkey with corr, grain, tobacco, and We have recourse to the English Indies for indigo, rice, and nitrate of potash. Out of a value of 17,000,000 f., indigo alone figures for 10,000,000 f. Lastly, Switzerland sends us a little of everything, it being the great transit country. It supplies us with no staple commodity of its own. Such are our most important purveyors. Let us see now which are our most eager custo mers. They are as follow : Amount of Exports. Francs. 1. England 189,000,000 2. United States ... 116,000,000 3. Algeria 72,000,000 4. Bc!glum ... ... 66,000,000 5. Spain ... ... ... 63,000,000 6. Switz3rland ... 48,000,000 7. Sardinia 46,000,000 8. Germanic Confoderation ... 35,000,000 9. Brazil ... 16,000,000 10. Mexico ... 15,000,000 These are only the official values. If we take the actual, we arrive at a different result. England and the United States still march foremost. Algeria yields the third rank to Belgium, and descends to the fourth. Russia, which did not figure at all in the above list, now takes the ninth rank, and Brazil falls to the last. What do we especially export to England ? Silk tissues, 52,000,000`. ; corn, 14,000,00 V.; woollen tissues, 12,000,000 E ; brandies distilled from the grape, 10,500,000 E ; dressed skins, 10,500,000 E; and wines, 5,000,000 E Silk tissues also take the first rank in our exports to the United States of America. The English race in both worlds is the chief customer of our Lyons' manutactures. The other exports to the States in clude woollens, cottons, wines, dressed skins, and hosiery. Next to England and the United States the Bel gians best appreciate our silk tissues. They pur chased more than 9,000,000 f. in 1848. They also took 7,000,000 f. of woollen tissues, 5,000,000 f. of corn, and 3,000,000 f. of woollen yarns. The importance assumed by Algeria as an out'et for our produce since the year 1843 is worthy of special notice. In 1848 that colony took 11,000,000 f. of our cotton tissues, and 6,000,0001. of our wines. Cotton tissues are also the great element of our trade with Spain, besides woollen and silk tissues, linens, and hemp. We give the Spaniards clothing in return for their oranges, nor do they lose by the exchange, for we send them necessaries and take their superfluities in return. CHATUAM, JAN. AL-Private Robert Gordon, of the 18th Foot (Royal Irish), was tried this day by a court-martial at Chatham, for going into his barrack room end loading his firelock with ball cartridge. It is supposed that he intended to do some serious injury to Colour Sergeant 111‘Ilssain, being the non-commissioned officer in charge of the prisoner's room. It appears that on the 21st inst. the prisoner was confined in the guard room by the colour sergeant, and be R as released by the commanding officer of the battalion, after five days' drill. At the close of the last day he went down to his room, in which was the colour sergeant nursing his child, when the prisoner deliberately took up his musket and loaded it, bertha was secured before he had time to die charge it. The court's decision is 001 by many this same novel reading is regarded as only an intellectual dram-drinking. But is not this pre ferable to the intellectual total abstinence so rigidly observed by Mrs. Le Grand and many I') In her own humble phrase, she is not d u ll. I say she has a decided talent at making lemon cheesecakes, whip, &c.; she is what is called a good market woman ; she is very fond of her needle, and mending (her head, I promise you, does not go Berlin wool-gathering); she is the only woman I believe in, for sewing on buttons strong; and, lastly, she has that excellent quality of being a good listener, seldom speaking but when she has something to say. My dear girls, I have led you with a strangely va grant step, it is true, over a page of my crotchets on that important topic, the ladies and matrimony. I have drawn on life, not fancy, for my sketches and observations ; may I conclude by hoping that such A. B. C. hints as it was in my power to give may not be useless to you, and by adding that I may, perhaps, at no very distant period, write to you in a different capacity than that of a young bachelor. COMMERCE OF FRANCE IN 1848. (From La Frew.) The total value of our imports and exports in 1848 was thus divided :—General commerce, 2 ,014,000,000 f. (official value), and 1,644,000,000 f. (actual value); and special commerce, 1,890,000,000 f. (official value), and 1 ,164,000,000 e. (actual value). This total is thus subdivided : GENERALCWIMERCE. BIRTHS. 135,481 births were registered in the quarter which ended on December 31, 1849. The births in the corresponding quarters of 1845-8 were 131,219, 139,349, 127,267, 133,204. So that the proportion of births to the population is 3 . 022 per cent. in 1849, or greater than in the correspond ing quarters of 1847-8; it is less than in the De cember quarters of 1843-6. The births in the year 1849 were 578,087, which is the greatest number ever returned in one year. The number of births in 1846 was 572,625, in 1847 only 539,965, and in 1848, 563,205. The estimated proportions to the population in the six years 1844-9, were 3 . 263, 3 . 236, 3 . 364, 3.131, 3.223, and 3 . 264 per cent. The latter proportion is equal to 1 in 31 (or 30.64) of the population ; 1 in 15 . 67 of the female population • and 1 in 7.33 o f the women a t th e ages 15.45. The number of per sons of the ages 15 and under 45 in the country was on July 2, 1849, not more than 3,955,299 men, and 4,238,481 women, showing an excess of 283,189 women of the age 15-45 in England ; against which a party of the army, seamen, and fishermen belonging to England, but absent from the country in the middle of the year, have to be placed. The births, in the metropolitan districts of Surrey, in Liverpool, and in Hull, where cholera was so fatal in the summer quarter, were fewer in the December quarter of 1849, than in the corresponding quarter of 1848. BIRTHS AND DEATHS.-MOVEMENT Or POPULATION. Tne births registered in the last quarter of 1849 were 135,481, the deaths 97,688 ; so that the natural increase of which there is a record was 37,793. But 46,136 persons emigrated in the quarter from 11 ports at which there are Government officers, and 41,845 of the number left the three English ports of Liverpool, London, and Plrmouth.* All the bi rt h s in England are not registered, the emigrants of English birth are not distinguished, no account is taken of the immigrants into England, and Scotland and Ireland still remain almost the only parts of the civilized world in which the firths ind deaths are unregistered, so that the accui a e statement, which might otherwise by proper arrange ments be so easily made of the movement of the population of the United Kingdom, is impossible. fhe excess of births over deaths in the year was 578,087-441,458=136,629. STATE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH. The deaths in the last quarters of the five years 18454-7-8-9, were 80,681, 108,937, 103,479, 92,447, 97,778. The rate of mortality in the quarter was 2.181 per cent.; slightly in excess of the average rate (2 . 165) of the 12 December quarters 1838-49. ['he lowest rate of mortality (1'898) was experienced in the December quarter, 1845—the highest (2 529) in the corresponding quarter of 1846. If we take the complete years—the deaths re gistered in the five years 18 45-6-7-8-9, were 349,366, 390,315, 423,304, 400,060, 441,458. The deaths in 1849 exceeded the deaths in 1845 by 920,92. The average annual mortality of the 10 years 1838-47 was 2.213 per cent.; of the 12 years 1838-49, 2'243. The annual mortality was lowest (2.080 per cent., or lin 48) in the year 1845 ; highest (2.493, or lin 40) in the year 1849. The high rate of mor tality set in with an epidemic of what was called diarrhosa and English cholera in the summer of 1846; it was succeeded by influenza at the close of 1847 ano the beginning of 1848; the Asiatic form of cholera first distinctly showed itself in October, 1848, and raged in many places with great violence in the months of July, August, September, and a part of October, 1849, when it generally subsided. The returns of the other States of Europe are still so much in arrear that there are no means of com paring them with those of England, but it is worthy of remark that the mortality of England in 1849, when cholera was epidemic, scarcely exceeded the mortality of France and Sweden in ordinary years, and was much less than the ordinary mortality of Saxony, Prussia, Italy, Austria, and Russia. LONDON.—The deaths in London from specified causes were 12,818 ; of which 3,227 were by dise:,ses of the zymotic class, 2,035 tubercular, and 2,133 by pulmonary disease. Of the deaths 494 were by cholera'; 482 by diarrhea►. All except about 20 of the deaths from cholera occurred in October. 99 deaths from small-pox, 338 from measles, 486 from scarlatina, and 273 from hooping-cough, were registered ; the numbers are below the average. Metria, erysi pelas, and syphilis, were less than usually fatal. 'rhe deaths of the mothers in and after childbirth, were 116, or one death of the mother to 1.168 children born ; a small proportion, not so low, perhaps, as it should be, but much lower than it has been at the same season in London, or, perhaps, in any other city. Oae death from hydrophobia was registered in the December quarter, 1845; none since. The registrar of St. Martin••in-the-Fields, Charing •cross, remaks : " Cholera has disappeared, but there is an extensive field for improvement in the dwellings of the poor, as well as in the drainage ; and a supply of water in a state fit to drink, instead of the disgusting fluid now so highly charged f is loudly demanded.' SOUTII-EASTERN DIVISION. - Measles and scarlatina prevailed in some of the parishes of Epsom ; typhus and influenza in Guildford ; at Farnham, Dorking, and the other districts of Surrey, the mor tality was below the average. The registrar cf Frimley only registered six deaths. " This is lower," he says, " than I ever remember it to have been. Owing to the alarm of the cholera, the people in this district have been more guarded in their manner of living ; and in consequence of the low price of almost every article of food and clothing, the condition of the labourer is considerably improved within the last six months." The general mortality in Kent, Sussex, and Hamp shire is lower than it was in 1848 ; yet small-pox, scarlatina, and measles prevailed in many districts. In Abingdon, Bradfield, Reading, Easthampstead, and Windsor (Berkshire) the mortality was in excess. Scarlatina and small-pox prevailed in Reading; measles, hooping-cough, and small-pox in Windsor, where 23 deaths from cholera were registered—the last on October 31. 111. SOUTH MIDLAND DIVISION.—The mortality was lower than in 1348 in Middlesex andliucking- hamshire, Tightly higher in Oxfordshire, North unp tonshire, Huntingdonshire, Bedfordshire, and Caa:- bridgeshire. There was an excess in Hitchin from cholera and typhus; in Great Marlow, High Wycombe, from cholera, measles, and typhus. " The cases of cholera and measles," says the registrar, " that have proved fatal were in the town of Great Marlow. The agricultural portion of my district is very healthy." Twelve males died of cholera in the Wyccrnbe workhouse. Cholera, diarrhcea, an i small-p ox ra i se d the mortality in Northampton. Cholera prevailed in Titchinarsh, Torapston, aod Peterborough. Cholera broke out in BedtOrd, and in about 11,000 inhabi tants 9 deaths were registered in the last 9 days of September, 26 deaths in October and November. The board of guardians was liberal ; medical relief was af forded in 829 diarrhcea cases. Aind the registrar believes although they " were guided by higher and purer motives than those of a sordid and calculating eco nomy, that the recent epidemic has cost them much QUARTERLY RETURN of MARRIAGES BIR7IIS, and DEATHS, RE GISTERED in the' DIVISIONS, COUNTIES, and DISTRICTS V ENGLAND. PUBLISIIED By AUTHORITY OF THE RECISTIZAR-GENF.RAL The following return comprises the births and deaths which were registered in all the districts of England by 2,189 registrars, in the autumn quarter ending December 31, 1849; and the marriages in about 12,000 chapels and churches, 2,869 registered places of worship unconnected with the Established Church, and 623 superintendent-registrars' offices, in the quarter ending September 30, 1849. The return of marriages is incomplete ; but the numbers wanting are inconsiderable, and have been supplied from the previous yearF. 11,turns of the births and deaths have been receivel from every registrar. MARRIAGES. 67,578 persons were married in the quarter which ended on September 30, 1849. E was the time when the cholera was rife; yet the marriages exceeded in numbers—and even in proportion to the population— :he marriages in the correspondibg quarters of 1848 and 1847, and in every quarter since the summer 01 1838, except the summers of 1839, 1844-5-6. The excess was chiefly in London, Middlesex, Surrey, Norfolk, Herefordshire, Leicestershire, Nottingham shire, Derbyshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, the West Riding of Yorkshire, and Cumberland. The marriages were stationary or decreased in Kent, Hampshire, Berkshire, Bedfordshire, Canibridgeshire, Essex, Suffolk, Dovonshire, Corn wall, Sotnersetshire, Gloucestershire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshirr, Rutlandshire, Lincoln shire, the East Riding of York-hire, Durham, Nortl - umberland, and Westmoreland. In the towns and manufacturing districts, the marriages as a general rule increased ; in the agricultural, coal, and iron districts they decreased ; but the deviation from the average was on neither aide considerable. At St. George's, Hanover -square, the marriages were 238, or less than in the same season of 1845-6-7 ; in the Strand, Holborn, St. Luke, Shoreditch, Beth nal-green, IVhitechapel, Bermondsey, and Lam beih districts the marriages exceeded the average. In Brighton the marriages (163) were considerably above the average; in Cheltenham the marriages in the five summer quarters of 1845-9 were 112, 99, 90, 90, and 99. In Bristol, Wolver hampton, Liverpool, Leeds, and Hull, which suffered severely from cholera, the marriages were depressed ; in Bath and Birmingham about the average; in Sheffield, Manchester, Stockport, Halifax, and the manufacturing districts of the ssme class, the mar riages tvi ere much more numerous than in 1347-S, and indicated the dawn of prosperity. The average rate of marriage in the 11 preceding summer quar ters was .747 ; in the summer quarter of 1349 it was . 756 per cent. ; somewhat therefore for the whole country above the average. Winter and summer are the seasons in which the fewest marriages are cele , brated in England. less than it would have ha _ d locked th_...eir coffers against preventive measures, and confined their attention exclusively to buryin g the dead, a n d districts. l s ,hositrr•re.w,e ri-D/e YreavElosl providing for the dependent survivors the dyad, effects of crowding are shown in North Witchford in the sub district of Chatteris the deaths in the quarters, December, 1845-9, were 33, 39, 41, 42, 73 ; in the last quarter the tenements were crowded by labour ers on the river works. Sanitary improrements have, it is said, been made at Cambridge. IV. EASTERN DIVISION. —The deaths in the fire corresponding quarters of 1845-9 were 4,525, 6,118, Th 4,674, 5,033, 5,753, in Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk. e excess was greatest in Vest Ham, Romford, Witham, Woodbridge, Yarmouth, end Norvvieh. Cholera was noticed in West Ham, Chipping Ongar, Rochrord union -house, Lowestoffe, and Norwich. Scarlatina and low fever prevailed in several low yLelhortizre.e,Dr rcixn-tr,;nrloiev,Fitle:Taahrne}ddm boh,roigttnahlte.irstryeitin_n D lB , 4 l 9 st vN ts • shire, than it was in the corresponding quarter of 1848. Snall-pox prevailed in many districts where vaccination ha-1 been neglected. Scarlatina P reva I,d in Heavitree, wh ere i s " great destitution among labouring t opul a ti on f rom want of labour." There the were 2 deaths from cholera in St. Sid well, 13 in St. David, Exeter (the last on Oct. 30) ; and 18 from dsnterr , in the Exeter workhouse. After the cholera( of t he summer had extended over England end smitten many thousands of the populatio n in all unbeel•aly places—partial outbreaks f o ll owe d i n autumn, dike the distant p ea l s o f th un d er a f ter a hurricane. The epidemic lingered in parts of Devon, Cornw a ii , arid S )mersetshire, a n d b ro k e out f atally in 'Taunton workhouse and in Bridgwater. The death s in Bridg water from all causes were 318; which is nearly a t the rate of 4 per cent. per annum of the population. Cholera prevailed in Plymouth through October ; fever in Bath. VI. WEST MIDLAND DIVISIONo•—•The mortality was lower than the average in Gloucestershire, Here fordshire, Shropshire, and Warwickshire ; hi g h er than the average in taffordshir e and Warwickshire. Scarlatina was rife in parts of Shropshire and War wickshire. Several cases of cholera were fatal over Staffordshire. The deaths in Birmingham were 1,036, in Coventry 349, in Worcester 143, Stafford 115, Shrewsbury 122. VII. NORTH MIDLAND DIVISION. —The mortality in Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, and Nottinghamshire) was above, of Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire below the average of the season. The mortality was below the average in Lincoln and Nottingham. The mor tality was the average in the Basford district, where were several cases of cholera as well as in Newark. VIII. Noarn-WESTERN Divrsrore.—The morta lity in Cheshire and Lancashire is considerably below the average. Scattered cases of cholera oc curred over the counties—chiefly in October. The deaths in Liverpool and West Derby were 2,681, in Manchester and Salford 2,415. The registrar of Howard-street, Liverpool, says the sub-district is, depopulated one-half from various causes ; no deat;o s from cholera occurred in the Manchester workhouse, containing 1,300 inmates. IX. YORK DIVISION.—The mortality was above the average in the West Riding ; below the average in the East and North Ridings. Cholera broke out in Knaresborough with some severity, and doubled the deaths in the sub •district. The epidemic cholera October. Bradford from the dise a s e e n . d s other l more Oc reor le field was compar a ti ve l y h ea lth y. H ull suffered hea vilyfatalsuffered Leeds from cholera in the summer, and lost some in habitants in October, but the last two months of the year were healthy. In Rillington only four out of 4,000 inhabitants died from any cause in the three months. X. NORTHERN DIVISION.--The mortality of Dur ham and Northumberland was above., of Cumber land about, of Westmoreland below, the average. The cholera epidemic terminated in many of the dis tricts of Durham at the beginning of the quarter; the epidemic broke out at Bedlington in November, and killed on the hill-side 26 people in a short time. There is a want of drainage. Cholera also raged in Alnwick. XI. WELSR Divisrox.—The mortality was some what above the average in Wales; chiefly from cholera and scarlatina. In Merthyr -Tydfil the scene of the great tragedy in summer, the deaths were 470. * Return by Emigration Ci rnmissionars. COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY. The Queen and his Royal ll , gtmess Prince Al bert took their usual early morning walk. The Royal Family took walking and pony exercise in the Slopes and Windsor Park. Her Mjesty held a Privy Council at two o'clock. It was attended by his Royal Highness the Prince Albert, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord President the Earl of Minto, L')rd Privy St al ; Lord John Russell, First Lord of the Treasury ; Sir George G - ey, S-cretary of State for the Home Department; Viscount Palnhu - ston, Secretary of Stare for Foreign Affairs ; E trl Grey, S?cretary of State for the Co lonies ; Sir Charles Wood, Chancellor of the Ex chequer; Sir John Hobhouse, President of the Board of Control; Lord Campbell, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; the Right Hon. Henry LAbouchere, President of the Board of Trade ; the Earl of CurlislP, First Commis s i oner o f the Woods and Forests ; the Right lion. Fox Millie, Secretary at War ; the Mar quis of Breadalbane, Lord Chamberlain, and the Duke of Norfolk, Ahster of the Horse. Lord John Russell had an audience of the Queen previous to the Council. The Marquis of Lansdowne had also an audience of her Majesty. At the Privy Council an election was ordered for two Scotch Peers, in the room of the Earl of Airlie and Lord Colville, of Culross, deceased. The Queen's Speech on opening the session of Par liament was arranged and agreed upon. Toe Hon. William Bathurst was the Clerk of the Council in waiting. Mr. Justice Talfourd was presented to the Queen at an audience by the Right HA I. Sir George Grey, her Majesty's Principai Secretary of State for the Home Department, kissed hands upon his appoint.. ment, and had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him by her Majesty. The Right Hor. Sir David Dundas, Judge Advo, cnte-General, had an audience cf the Queer, and submitted to her Majesty the proceedings of some courts- martial. Her Mjesty was r:tended by Lml Canloys, Lord in Waiting , . end - Mijor G2nerai Sir Frederick Stovin, Groom in Waiting, After the Council luncheon was served to the Mi nisters and officers of State in attendance. Shortly atter three o'clock Lord John Russell, the Marquis of Lansdowne, Earl Grey, the Earl of Csr listle, the Earl of Minto, the Marquis V Bread&lb me, Viscount Palmerston, Lord Campb e ll, Si r G. Grey,Sir John Hobhouse, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. L Abouchere, Mr. Fox Maul-, and the lion. W. Bathurst. took their departur , , returning to town by a special train on the Great 'Western Railway. The Duke of Nortolk, the Right Hor. Sir David Dundap, and Sir Thomas Talfourd, also left the Cestle. The Duchess of Sutherland and L idy C. Leveson Gower are expected to arrive at the Castle this evening, The royal dinner party this evening will include her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady Fanny Howard, Bsroness de Speth, the Duchess of Sutherland, Lady C. Leveson Gower, and Sir George Couper. _ The Queen's private band will attend fif,er dinner A Sub-Committee of the Commission for the Exhi bition tf 1851, met yesterday at the office of th,: Board of Trade, Thf-Te were i..rrent K - 01 vile, Mr. Jones Loyd, and Mr T, P. G►b.on. IRISH AGRICULTURE.—The f is s'X tract from a letter troll n medic,' gi eourit ) , Meat , Ire'and, to his friend in Edinburgh:—" Ycu se? by the papers t ty, Ireland, at least the proprletat•y and ten'intry, are clamouring ft , r protection. I do not subscribe to the movement, 'tis more calculated to keep up high re Its and lazy tamers flan to benefit vie la boating class. The imposition (.f duty woul.l net remove the incubus ( f poor-rare, tkhich is the prroci:,.ti thing crushing Ireland, leaving a large portion of it ru s lt cultivated and uninhabited. I say let free. -tra: , e continue, and that by renewed exertion on e n pays t n eo .. t a l il kl e f u r th a t fe the part of our agricultural community, making mother earth yiekl its hundorfold, that Ire land is fully able to c ope with foreign coun trics in the article of its ground the price of labour there fully l for ground If g i nmndt'e A rc m . o pro prietors of all choses having over-li ve d their incomes, and their proent inability t o retrench or reduce their rie :t l a i t .w is hda,;n.ge pay the prey ,• nt miFchief—' t i s our lands to the rttnts they n utt do in the end. Now fir our poor-rate. In parts of this country It hiss gone to such a height thst on thousands of acres in parts of the went you not see a beast fe. ding— it might be seized on for rate, so thele is a perfect wilderness. I know not how the present rat, s due in those places can be paid up. Contractors and creditors of all kinds raiLt be paid—whence remains unknown. But for the future, it 300 acres were attached to each poor-house, it would make the instltation self-supporting. This is my ( ur.± fir the rate. Protection is a common humbug."— &nista AVITITAM.—The unfortunate lady Mrs. (C. B.) Leigh, of Nick an.-place, died on Tuesday, from the injuries which she received from a cow on the 18th iota.. There Ltd been no bore of tier fr. , rn the, first, and but for her .great physical energy she could not have sur vived lontr. 'lie decelsed Lady was, as we stated on Monday, a sitar of Sir John Tyssen Tyrell, of Bore ha :or North Essex, WE;GHT Or THE HUMAN BRAIN.—The brain of Carla %.eieatii 644 oz ; as the largest on record. Tilt - Lc of Dr. Abercrombie was 63 t , z. ; that of Dupuy. tren, a celebrated surgeon of France, 63i oz.; Dr. Chelm , Ta, 53 oz, (skull very thick); glr Walter Soot not law, perbapa Runge, but het weighed ) Lerd Dm); 56 oz. ,s sse