The Sun. — London, England, 1868-12-10 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. A change of Ministry, says the Times, is like a great Wave, going into all nooks and corners, and sometimes floating battered hulks long since stranded, and apparently left for ever high and dry. It is, indeed, understood, that the Household will be reconstituted almost as it was in 1866, though this general statement is far from satisf y in g the anxiety of the candidates anxious to enter the per- sonal service of their sovereign. It is still asked, and asked in vain, who is to go to Ireland. The delay in the nomination of the Viceroy most be taken as of good augury. No one can know better than Mr. Gladstone the importance of having a representative at Dublin who shall conciliate Irish opinion, and at the same time illustrate the general policy of the Administration in his domestic government of the sister island. If there be any difficulty in finding a person at once suitable for the office and willing to undertake it, it would be better that the appointment should be delayed than that a false step should be taken. We cannot, how ever, believe that there is any great difficulty, except so far as it may have arisen from a false step already half taken ; and if this be the case, we cannot too strongly insist upon the propriety, or rather the necessity, of cor recting an error, at whatever cost of annoyance to persons we may be unwilling to pain, rather than involve the Government in injurious consequences through fatal per sistency in a first mistake. The Herald observes that, looking solely to the indi vidual elements of which it is composed, it is undoubtedly a strong Ministry, but we have our doubts as to its " cohesive power." Mr. Gladstone's majority has just two principles in common. Its mission is to support its leader and to break up the Irish Establishment. The same truth holds good with Mr. Gladstone's Administra tion, and the moment it deviates from its programme the process of disintegration will commence. For instance, Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Bright are deeply sworn to make the Re form settlement more democratic by excising the ratepaying qualification, but the moment they attempt to redeem their pledges they will be faced by their reactionist col league Mr. Lowe. In fact, the main condition of safety for the new Cabinet is that it shall do as little as possible, and there is no reason to doubt that Mr. Gladstone and his colleagues are fully alive to this truth, and quite equal to the duty which it imposes. It is in the main a Cabinet of the steady old-fashioned Whig-Radical type, and we are not disposed to bewail the fact with exaggerated lamen• tation. The Opposition will find it necessary to keep a tight hand over the Ministerialists at times, but it will be quite safe to give them their heads for the present. Nevertheless, we are free to confess that, as between Mr. Gladstone and the Radical friends whom lie has thrown over with such magnificent disdain, there is considerable ground for these complaints. The "advanced' men, having served Mr. Gladstone's turn, are thrust on one side, and the old Whigs and the mild Liberals, represented by " the six lords," reap the fruit of their labours. We always predicted that this would be the case, and we are not excessively grieved or disappointed, because the event proves that we have prophesied truly. It is a very pretty quarrel as it stands, and the betrayer and the betrayed are perfectly welcome to fight it out between them. The Standard believes that the country, accustomed to see a Tory Government distribute offices with a single eye to the competence of the holders, will not easily tolerate the monopoly of the high places of a Liberal Ministry by an oligarchic coterie. The House will feel the absurdity of a disposition which places Mr. Forster under the orders of Earl De Grey and Ripon, and bestows Secretaryships of State on the Duke of Argyll and Mr. Austin Bruce, while Mr. Bright sits at the Board of Trade. The mere fact that the leaders in debate, except Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Lowe, will not be the holders of leading offices, will tend to weaken the authority and damage the prestige of the Government. Altogether, the arrangements, which will within two or three days be finally announced, and completed by the issuing of the new writs, appear to argue that the worst traditions of Liberal oligarchy are as strong as ever, and that while Mr. Disraeli has succeeded in the reform of Parliament, Mr. Gladstone has utterly failed in the humbler task which was expected from him of reforming the Liberal party. The Telegraph says that Mr. Forster would have been fully warranted in declining to accept the Vice-Presidency of the Council, offered, as it was, without a seat in the Cabinet ; and we believe that he would have done so but for circumstances which rendered his acceptance a sacrifice to the public interest. As a Cabinet Minister he would have lent weight and force to Mr. Gladstone and his policy ; speaking below the gang way, he would have done a similar service as a statesman with an earnest and loyal desire to achieve the self-same reforms for which the Prime Minister is labour ing. Undoubtedly, however, there are immediate advan tages in having the department of Education entrusted to a statesman who so thoroughly understands not only the living facts of the day, and the details of the subject, but the extreme urgency of legislation. It is possible that other members of the Government might not see the peremptory necessity for speedy action, and might, under cover of more showy discussion, not unwillingly give the go-by to that which is so serious and so needful ; but in Mr. Forster we have at the post one who commands a complete knowledge of the subject, with an independence of moral character and a force of will which would forbid any attempt at needless procrastination. The more advanced Liberals might, at the first blush, have desired that lie should vindicate their right to a due share in the Administration, by holding aloof from the Ministry if he were excluded from the Cabinet. We believe, however, that the progress awl vital strength of the Liberal cause will be more effectually promoted by his at once agreeing to take his share in a labour which is not less important than Irish reform, or the contraction of our expenditure. Another memorable date, remarks the Daily News, has been added to the annals of England, To the historian of the future the 10th of Decmber, 1868, will be fraught with all the interest with which we now regard the 20th of January, 1833. The assembling of the eighth Parliament of Qifeen Victoria is at once a noteworthy incident in her reign and the beginning of a new exa in our con stitutional history. This is the second time since the liberties of the English people were formally defined and settled on a sure foundation by the Revolution of 1688, that Parliament has revised the Constitution, with a view to render it more satisfactory and comprehensive. Although the legislative changes wrought by the Parlia ments elected since 1833 have been less sweeping than was expected at the time the Reform Bill became law, they are yet so important as to have revolutionised this country. Indirectly, we owe to the Act of 1832 every improvement by which we now benefit and of which we boast. Free Trade is the direct fruit of the reforms initiated by Earl Grey. Had not the House of Lords been compelled to bow to the popular will when the demand was made for the extension of the suffrage, that House would never have assented to the measures which removed a political stigma from the Jews and a grievous burden from the backs of Dissenters, and the intolerance which rendered a Jew ineligible for a seat in Parliament and the injustice which obliged the payment of church rates by non-churchmen might have prevailed to this day. Indeed, that Act proved a schoolmaster for the Peers. The victory of Reformers taught them that obstinate resistance to the requests of the people is suicidal. By this time they have realised the truth that their power must be limited in practice if it would he retained and exercised with effect. What another thirty years will effect for the comfort and convenience of mankind cannot be conjectured. Our hopes are that alike in politics and in the business of daily life our successors will have still better reason to thank us than we have to praise the doings of our predecessors. The Times notes that Mr. Johnson does not shrink, even at this extreme term of his power, from counselling an act of a most decided character. The Message expresses fears of a coming Indian war, but favours reduc tion in the army by the withdrawal of troops from the South. The Republicans have always relied on the army for the maintenance of their policy in the South, and for the due progress of reconstruction. To take the regi ments which are keeping order in Louisinia or the Caro linas and send them to fight the Indians would be, in the opinion of the Republicans, and, indeed, of all the world, the abandonment of all that Congress had been struggling for during the last three years. This paragraph of the Message seems to promise anything but a cessation of the war between the President and Congress during the next three months. The Congress is the old Congress ; for the new one does not meet till the 4th of March. Thus , by the singular. and, as it seems to Englishm en , the faulty mechanism Of American institutions, a superseded Presi dent and a superseded Congress will govern and legislate for three months, while their successors look on powerless to control a single action. Speaking of the Alabama claims, the Post says : The American Government have never apparently receded one jot from the position which they originally took up. Th ey demanded compensation for the losses inflicted on their mercantile marine by the Confederate cruisers on two several grounds, namely, that we were premature i n according a belligerent charact er to the infant Confede racy, and that, considering the exi stin g state ofthe law, we did not exercise proper vigilance in preventing the Alabama and her consorts leaving our shores. In the first instance we peremptorily rejected the clainis, but on a subsequent occasion (our first concession) we consented t.) refer to arbitration the question whether we had acted with good faith and due care in seeking to enforce compliance with that particular statute which was in effect infringed by the departure free, our shores of the Confederate cruisers. We, however. declined at that time to submit to the decision of an arbitrator our conlin t in acknowledging the Confederate States as belligAvnts, and the negotiations once more fell through. A gdtu they were renewed, namely, since thin arrival of Air. Johnso n as th e successor to :fir. Adams, and then it was that we made our second concession, and consented (con trary to a'l precedent) to leave it to the sovereign of a foreign State to say whether, in exercising our melenbted right of conceding to the Southern Confederacy a bellige rent character, we had so far compromised ourselves as to render us liable for the depredations of the Confederate cruisers. When this last concession was made it mig ht reasonably have bee n suppose d that the matter was at an end, and that the American Government having_ obtained all they demanded, the neg o ti a ti ons h a d come to a satis factory termination. Such, howeve r , unfortunately seems not tc be the case. The protocol drawn on the above basis has been returned, and the first duty of the Earl of Clarendon, to whose hands the seals of the Foreign Office were on Wednesday transmitted, will be to attempt anew to unravel this Ne11.4.1.1g1y 414.10401 e difficulty, MR. CARLYLE -AND THE EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY. Mr. Carlyle, ex-LOld Rector of the University of Edin burgh, has been asked to deliver a valedictory address to the students, but has declined. The following is a copy of his letter conveying his refusal :—" Dear sir, I much regret that a valedictory speech from me, in present circumstances, is a thing I must not think of. Be pleased to advise the young gentlemen who were so friendly towards me, that I have already sent them, in silence, but with emotions deep enough, perhaps too deep, my loving farewell, and that ingratitude or want of regard is by no means among the causes that keep me absent. With a fine youthful enthusiasm, beautiful to look upon, they bestowed on me that bit of honour, loyally all they had ; and it has now, for reasons one and another, become touchingly memorable to me—touchingly, and even grandly and tragically—never to be forgotten for the remainder of my life. Bid them, in my name, if they still love me, fight the good fight, and quit themselves like men, in the warfare to which they are as if conscript and consecrated, and which lies ahead. Tell them to consult the eternal oracles (not yet inaudible, nor ever to become o, when worthily inquired of) ; and to disregard riegitlyy altogether, in comparison, the temporary noises, menacings, and deliriums. May they love wisdom, as wisdom, if she is to yield her treasures, must be loved piously, valiantly, humbly, beyerid life itself or the prizes of life, witball one's heart, and all one's soul—in that case (I will say main), and not in any other case, it shall be well with them. Adieu, my young friends, a long adieu. —Yours with great sincerity, (Signed) " T. CARLYLE." 111?. DISRAtLFS PATRONAGL The Times contains the follo*lng :—" If Lord Palmer ston was particularly fortunate (or, as the late Lord Melbourne would have said, unfortunate) in the vast amount of Church patronage which fell to his share as Premier, Lord Derby and Mr. Disraeli may congratulate themselves on having had a fair share of Church patronage at their disposal, while in judicial and other legal appointments they have far out numbered any of their predecessors, considering the short time they have held the reins of government. It was calculated in these columns, as far back as last August, that to the judicial bench of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland they had made no less than twenty-seven appointments, including two Lord Chancellors, whom they placed on the English woolsack, and two in Ireland as well. Of these appointments, four teen belonged to the English Bench, eleven to the Irish, and two to the Scottish Bench. But in other professions the Conservative Administration has had plenty of loaves and fishes to distribute among its adherents during the last nine months. Confining our attention, however, to the nine months of Mr. Disraeli's tenure of office, we shall find that he cannot complain of the number of places that have been at his disposal, either in Church or in State. In the Church he has bad the nomination to one archbishopric, that of Canterbury (Dr. Tait), and to four English bishoprics, those of London (Dr. Jackson), Hereford (Dr. Atlas:), Lincoln (Dr. Words worth), and Peterborough (Dr. Magee). He has also nominated three English deans—those of Lichfield (the Rev. T. T. Champneys), Ripon (the Rev. Hugh AP.Neile), and St. Paul's (the Rev. Professor Mansel) ; and to two deaneries in Ireland, viz., those of Limerick (the Rev. Maurice F. Day), and Cork (the Rev. Arthur Edwards). Besides these higher dignities, he has also had the disposal of several canonries, among which we may mention one in St. Paul's and two in Westminster, which have been filled respectively by the Rev. Robert Gregory, the Rev. Thomas Prothero, and the Rev. Francis K. Leighton, warden of All Souls College, Oxford. To these we must add the chair of Ecclesiastical History at Oxford (to which is attached a canonry in Christ Church), a post ' which Mr. Disraeli conferred on the Rev. William Bright. He has also had the disposal of several important Crown livings, among which may be mentioned Sigglesthorne, in Yorkshire, which he gave to the vicar of his own parish, Hughenden, in Buckinghamshire. Quite recently, too, as our readers will remember, another Crown living was conferred by him on Mr. Sidebotham, who had served the Tory party faithfully as editor of the Oxford Times. Immediately on his accession to the Pre miership the services of Lord Chelmsford as Lord Chan cellor were somewhat abruptly dispensed with, and Lord Cairns was appointed to the vacant seat, his place as Lord Justice being supplied by Vice-Chancellor Sir William Page Wood. Mr. George Ward Hunt was chosen to fill the post of Mr. Disraeli himself as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Mr. G. Sclater-Booth, M.P., was transferred from the Poor-law Board to tho Treasury, his place being supplied by Sir Michael Dicks Beach, who in his turn was succeeded by Mr. James Lowther, M.P. for York, and a member of one of the most powerful Tory families in the North of England. During Vie last nine months the Dnke of Welling ton has been nominated to the lord-lieutenancy of Middlesex, the Duke of Buck ingham to that of Buckinghamshire, and Mr. Lowther (a cousin of the gentleman named above) to that of `le counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland. Mr. Disraeli has sent the Earl of Mayo to India as Governor- General, and has nominated Sir John Young to the Governor-G(7neralship of Canada; he has also entrusted the colony of South Australia to Sir James Fergusson, late Under Secretary at the Home Office, and that of Tasmania to Mr. Charles Du Cane, late Lord of the Admiralty. Mr. Disraeli, also, through his Viceroy in Ireland, has had the bestowal of three Ribbons of the Order of St. Patrick, and these lie has given to the Earl of Erne, the Marquis of Water ferd, and the Earl of Mayo. It would be impossible here to enumerate all the other pieces of legal preferment which Mr. Disraeli has bestowed among his followers. Among the more prominent we may mention the Solicitor- Generalship of England on Mr. Richard Baggallay, Q.C., and the Attorney-Generalship of the County Palatine of Lancaster on Mr. Quoin, Q.C. It is under his auspices that Mr. Hannen has been raised to a judgeship in the Court of Queen's Bench, and Mr. G. Markham Gifford, of the Chancery Bar, to the Vice-Chancellorship vacated by Sir W. Page Wood. Three new judges were also added to the bench under the Bribery Act—viz.. Sir W. B. Brett, Mr. Serjeant Hayes, and Mr. Anthony Cleasby, Q.C. To these we must add the Attorney-Generalship for Ireland, bestowed on Mr. J. T. Ball only a day or two before his party left office ; and the judgeships in Bank ruptcy and the Court of Probate in Ireland on Mr. Harrison and Mr. R. R. Warren. We must not forget to mention one or two other very recent appointments—those of Colonel Wilson Patten to the Chief Secretaryship for Ireland, and of Colonel Taylor to the Chancellorship of the Duchy of Lancaster. Mr. Disraeli during his nine months of office has added seven members to the roll of the English and Irish peerages, and has advanced four peers to a higher grade or a more coveted dignity. He has raised Sir Brook W. Bridges, Mr. kY.Neill, Sir John Walsh, and Sir John Trollope to the baronies of Fitzwalter, O'Neill, Ormathwaite, and Kesteven respectively ; he has bestowed an English viscount's coronet on the Irish Lord Bridport, and that of a viscountess on his own wife, now Lady Beaconsfield ; he has made Sir Robert Napier Lord Napier of Magdala, and has created Mr. John M'Clintock Lord Rathdonnell. He• has also given an English barony to the Irish Viscount Gormanston ; he has promoted Lord Feversham to an earldom, and the Marquis of Ahercorn to an Irish dukedom. During the last few weeks also no less than eleven gentlemen have been advanced to the dignity of baronets, viz.: Sir George E. Cartier, Sir Robert Bateson Harvey, Sir Charles Mills, Sir F. A. Knox-Gore, Sir Smith Child, Sir J. Walker, Sir R. J. Harvey (of Norfolk), Sir W. H. Hurnphery - , Sir Edmund Buckley, Sir Thomas Edwards- Moss, and Sir Thomas A. Larcom. MRS. THWAYTES.—The residence and estate, " Charman Dean," near Worthing, of this eccentric lady, whose will, involving a sum of £500,000, recently gave rise to so much litigation, was sold on Wednesday, at the Auction Mart, by Messrs. Edwin Fox and Bousfield, for £13,700, exclusive of the fixtures. A PORPOISE IN THE RIVER.—For several days past—in consequence, no doubt, of the prevalence of heavy winds in the Channel—a porpoise of considerable dimen sions has been disporting himself in the Thames : he was first seen on Sunday at Waterloo, and, gradually working his way up river, met his death on Wednesday forenoon, for when off Barnes Elms some enterprising llammersmith fishes-men gave chase, 24 - 1,l near llos , i Cottage the stranger was shot by a Mr. Williams. On Monday, too, several sea-gulls were seen from Vauxhall Bridge, and two were shot ; none of them went above Pi►nlico. LIBERAL BANQUET AT BARNSTAPLE. —On TUCS day evening the T.iherals of North Devon entertained Mr. T. Aciand, M.P., at a inag , lilicent Lancinet at the Music IFall, I:arnst:q de, in 1 onour of the Vic'. coy whia he achieved at the last elf.:etioin The hall wa:; splendid'}' decorated. On the wall opposite the entrance ran the words " England's great sta.tesman—Glalstone," and on onesVe Of the name "Gladstone '' was '' Justice to I re l an d," and on the other, " Justice to all." Among those present were the successful Liberal candidate, Earl Fortes:me, Lord Portsmouth, Mr. T. Cave, M.P., Mr. Amory, M.P., and Mr. Wade, the defeated Liberal candidate for East Devon. In replying - to the toast of "The Lord-Lieutenant and the Magistrates," Earl Fortescue stated his opinion that. looking back at the history of the present century, it seemed to him that it was a sort of principle with 'l'ory Governments to keep place at the sacrifice of any personal convictions or previous public professions.—Watern Morning Newo. COMPLETE LIST OF THE NEW PARLIAMENT. • New Members.--f Old Members for New constituencies. Constituency. ABINGDON ANDOVER AYLESBURY ASFITON-UNDER-LYNE ANGLESEA BRECON BIHAR BARNSTAPLE BRIDONOP.TH BANBURY BATH BEDFORD nEnwlca BEVERLEY DEWDLEY DIRKEN HEAD BIRMINGHAM BLACKBURN BODMIN BOLTON BOSTON BRADSOItD DItIDOWATZIL BRIGHTON BRISTOL BUCKINGHAM BURNLEY B~IRY BURY ST. EDXUNDS BEDFORDSHIRE BP.IDPORT BEAr MARIS ...... BREco BUCKINGHAMSHIRE BEREsuritz CUMBERLAND, EAST . C MIBERLA.ND, WEST CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGESHIRE CANTERBURY CARDIFF CARLISLE CARMARTITEN CARbIARTHENSIIIRE CARNARVON CA RNA RVONSH TRE CHESHIRE, MID CHATHAM CHELTENHAM CHESTER CHICHESTER CHIPPEN HAM CIRENCESTER CLITHEROE COVENTRY CALN'E CAMBRIDGE UNIVERS CARDIGAN CARDIGANSHIRE CHELSEA CHRISTCHURCH COCKERMOUTH COLCHESTER CRICIELADE CORNWALL, EAST CORNWALL, WISST .... CHESHIRE, EAST .... CIIESHIRE, WEST DENBIQR DENBIGILSIIIIIE DEVONPORT DARLINGTON DERBY DEVIZES DEWSBURY DOVER DROITWICII DURHAM DURHAM, NORTH DURHAM, SOUTH D ,RCIIrSTER DUDLEY DERBYSHIRE, SOUTH lf embers. Mr Lindsay Mr Fortescue Mr N Rothschild Mr Smith * Mr Mellor " Mr Davies Hon G C Morgan Mr T Cave * Captain Williams Mr Whitmore Mr Saumelson Mr Tite * Mr Dalrymple Mr Whitbread * Mr J Howard * Lord Bury * Mr J Stapleton Sir H. Edwards * Captain Kennard * Sir R Glass Mr John Laird Mr John Bright Mr Dixon Mr H Muntz Mr W H Hornby Mr J Pendell Hon F L Gower Lieut-Colonel Gray Mr J Hick Mr Malcolm • Mr T Collins Mr W E Forster * hir Ripley Mr A NV Kinglake Mr Vanderhyl Mr James White Professor Fawcett Mr H Berkeley Mr S Morley Sir Harry Verney Mr R Shaw Mr Philips Mr Hardcastle Mr Greene Mr F C H Russell Colonel Gilpin Mr T A Mitchell Hon W 0 Stanley Mr Howel Gwyn Right Hon B Disraeli Mr Du Fre ' Mr Lambert Mr Benyon Colonel Loyd Lindsay ' Mr John Walter Hon C Howard Mr W N Hodgson Captain Lowther Hon P Wyndham ' Colonel Torrens Mr Fowler Lord George Manners Lord Royston h Right Hon H Brand Mr Butler Johnstone Captain Brinckman Colonel Stuart Mr E Potter Sir Wilfrid Lawson * Colonel Stepney Mr Sartoris Mr John Jones Mr W B Hughes Captain Parry Mr G C Legh Hou W Egerton Mr Otway Mr H B Samuelson Earl Grosvenor ' Mr Raikes Lord Ii G Lennox Mr Goldney Hon A Bathurst Mr R Aesheton Mr Eaton " Mr Staveley Hill Lord E Fitzmaurice Right Hon S Walpole Mr Beresford Hope Sir Thomas Lloyd. * Mr Richards * Mr C AV Dilke ▪ Sir Henry Hoare " Mr E Haviland-Burke • Mr J Fletcher Mr Rebow * Dr Brewer Sir D Gooch * Hon F Cadogan * Sir John Trelawny • Mr B Willyams Mr St Aubyn • Mr P Vivian • Mr E C Egerton * Mr W Legh Mr Tollemache Sir Philip Egerton • Mr Williams Sir Watkin Wynne * Mr Morgan Mr M Chambers * Mr Lewis • Mr Backhouse I Mr M T Bass • Mr Plimsoll Sir T Bateson • Serjeant Simon Major Dickson '* Mr Jessel, Q.C. Sir John Pakington Mr Henderson * Mr Davison Sir H Williamson * Mr Elliott Mr Pease * Mr 13e:turnout Colonel Sturt • Mr H B Sheridan * Sir T Gresley * Mr R Smith ' Hon H Strutt ,* Hon Captain Egerton Lord G Cavendish Mr. Arkwright h Sir Massey Lopes Mr Kekewich Mr T D Acland Sir Stafford Northcote Sir L Palk Lord Courtenay Hon Mr Portman Mr Floyer Mr Sturt Col Bourne Mr Coleridge Mr Bowring Mr W Baker " Mr A Johnstone Lord Eustace Cecil Mr S lbbetson Mr Rotr .41 " Colonel Brise Ifird Barrington Mr M'C Torrel,ls Alderman Lusk t Mr T. Hughes Sir John Hanmer • M r Fowler " Mr liastwick Lord R Grosvenor Colonel Talbot Mr II Vivian • Right Hon Sir W Hutt Mr Price Mr Monk • it C Wingfield Captain. Tornline Mr Alderman Salianons Rt Hon W B Gladstone I\l r (.:slow Captain Cholmeley " lion F Toliemache Sir M poach Mr Holford C•ilonel Kingscote * Mr Marling I Right lionW C.,wper h Lord 1-1 Scott lion H Cowper Mr A Smith ▪ Mr if Brand * Mr C Reed * Mr Holm, Mr St ansfeld Colonel Akroyd * Mr T Brassey * Mr F North • Mr Young Mr R Dimsdale Mr Clive * Mr Wyllie Mr Biddulph Mr Bailey * Sir H 4 roft Mr James Clay Mr Norwood Baron N de Rothschild Mr W B Beach Mr Sclater-Booth Major Jervis Mr T Baring * Mr Jackson * Colonel Edwardes Mr Hurst 'double * Major Aldridge f return Lord R Montagu Mr E Fellowes Mr E A Leatham Mr H E Adair • Mr West. Q.O SirJ Simeon * Mr Mills * Mr Talbot Lord Ibilmesdale Mr Hart Dyke Mr L Pemberton • Hon G Milks Lord Stanley * Hon R Bourke * Mr Lea * Mr lilingworth * Mr Whitwell * Alderman J Lawrence * Mr W M'Arthur Mr Baines * Alderman Carter * Mr Wheelhouse Mr Taylor Mr Harris Lord J Manners * Mr Frewen Lord Curzon " Mr Pell * Mr Cross Mr C Turner Hon A F Egerton * Mr S Henry Mr Arkwright Colonel Clive Mr Goschen Mr Crawford Mr Lawrence * Mr Bell t lit Hon Robert Lowe lord G Lennox Mr Henry Lopes Mr C Seely * Mr H Palmer Sir M J Cholmeley * Mr R Winn * Mr Amcoats * Mr H Chaplin Mr Welby * Mr Tumor Sir Arthur Buller Lord Pelham Colonel Dyott Mr Graves * Lord Sandon * Mr Rathbone Colonel Wilson-Fatten t Hon F Stanley * Mr Holt Mr Starkie Mr C W Wynn * Mr Bentall 1 * Mr Wetherhed Mr Mitford Mr C Brocklehurst Mr Chadwick Mr Lee Mr Whatman Mr Powell Mr Bazley Mr Jacob Bright Mr Birley Mr II Lewis Mr T Chambers Mr Richard Mr Fothergill Sir J Ramsden Hon 0 Fitzwilliam Lord 11 Bruce Mr D Williams Mr Bolckow lion C H Tracy Sir G Grey Mr C Morgan Colonel Somerset Viscount Enfield Lord (1 Hamilton Mr E Howes Mr 0 S Read Mr (4 Hodgkinson Mr E Denison Mr liendkun Mr Cowen Mr Allen Mr iluckley Mr fintticii Lord Ifenky Mr C Gilpin 4sell Sir 11 Stracey Sir it Clifton Mr Wright Mr Martin Sir K Lacon Hon F Walpole Sir NV itagge Hon T De Grey Mr Ward Hunt ...... Mr S Stonford Major . Cartwright Sir ltannild Knightley ItiglA lien J Denison , Mr F C Mr Barrow Mr lluidyard Earl Percy Mr Ridley Mr Itcanniont Hon H Liddell lit Hon G Hardy Rt Hon J Mowbray Mr Henley Colonel North Mr Cartwright DERBYSHIRE, EAST .... DERBYSHIRE, NORTH... DEVON, SOUTH DEVON, NORTII DEVON, EAST DORSET3HIRE Evrsitim Ex TER Essi,x, SOUTH Ess EX, WEST ESSEX, NORTH-EAST EVE VINSBURY FILOME FLINT IA Lmou Til PLTNTSIITRI: G LAMORGANSIMIE GATF.SIIEAIA GLOUCESTER GRAVESEND GREAT GRrMsl:l' .0 C UILDFORD GItAN'JCIIA3I GLOUCESTER, EAST .. GLOUCESTER, WEST .. HANTS, SOUTH lIERTFORDSELIRE HACKNEY HALIFAX llAsTisas H ELSTON H ERTFORD HEREFORD LI C. iIEREFORDSIIIIII auLt tryTnE HANTS, NORTH .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 1 .. 1 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 •• 1 .. .. 1 TH'il SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 10, 1868. liembers. Mr Hibbert . Mr Platt i Mr Cardwell I. Mr V Harcourt i* Mr Meyrick if Mr Scourfield Mr Whalley * Mr Wells Mr Nicholson Sir R P Collier Mr Morrison Mr Childers Major Waterhouse Mr Stone " Sir J Eiphinstone Sir T Hesketh " Mr Hermon Mr Arthur Guest Sir F Goldsmid Mr Shaw Leferre Sir Roundel Palmer Lord John Hay Mr T B Potter . Mr Stewart Hardy Mr Foljambe Lord Galway Mr Price Mr W Martin.. Mr Serjeant Kinglake Hon A \Va.:Bh Hon G J Noel Mr Finch Mr Corrance Hon J Henniker-Major Major W Parker Lord A Hervey Mr Hamilton • Dr Lush Colonel liarttelot Hon H Wyndham Mr R II Paget Mr Narille-Grenville Mr Gore Langton I,* Mr AA Hood I* Major Allen Mr Bright I Mr Gurney i* Mr Hoare Mr lyinterbotharn • MrDickenson — Mr Locke King Mr C Buxton l* Mr Cawley." " Mr Charley Mr Knatehbull-Hugessen Mr II Brassey Sir J V Johnstone Mr J D Dent Mr Hadfield " .1r Mundella . Mr Clement... Mr Fif , gins * Mr Stevenson I Mr Layard Mr Locke Captain Meller * Mr Pochin Mr J B Smith • Mr Tipping • Mr J Dodds Mr Candlish * Mr Gourley Mr G C Glyn Right Hon S Cave Sir Percy Burrell 1* Mr Sidebotham !* Mr W Peek * Hon W Brodrick Mr Briscoe Mr Cnbitt Mr Dodson I* Mr Scott t Mr A Bass I* Mr M'Clean " Mr Ingram * Mr Child Mr Adderley Sir E M Buller Sir J Hay Mr Ormsby Gore Lord Newport Gen P Herbert * Col Corbett • Mr Magniae Mr Melly Colonel Roden Mr Dillwyn Sir It Peel Sir H Bulwer Mr Barclay Serjeant Cox Mr Price Mr Ayrton Mr Samuda Mr Williams Hon. Captain Vivian Mr E T Smith Mr A Russell Hon G Denman Mr Amory Sir W P Gallwey Mr Beaumont Earl of Bective Hon G II Lowther Mr S Vickers Mr J Calcraft Mr Rylands Mr A W Peel Mr Greaves Mr Brogden ' Mr Phipps Captain Grosvenor ' Mr W II Smith Mr H Edwards ' Mr Hambro Mr W II Gladstone .. Mr Bentinck Mr Woods ' Mr Lancaster Mr Bonham Carter Mr Simonds Mr R Eykyn ' Mr Barnett Mr Sherriff ' Mr Laslett Hon G C Lyttelton Mr Amphlett Mr Knight Mr Dowdeswell Hon. W H Carington Mr C Forster General Forester ' Mr Brown Mr Antrobus Lord H Thynne Mr T Grove Mr Villiers Mr Weguelin Mr N wdegate Mr B Davenport Mr H C Wise Mr John Hardy Lord C Bruce ' Sir G Jenkinson Mr Lowther Mr Brown Westhead Sir F Crossley Lord F C Cavendish Viscount Milton Mr Beaumont Mr Milbank Colonel 0 Duncombe Mr C Sykes Broadley. • Mr B F Deiiison 14i•J Fielden sec) rLAN • Mr Fordyce ,* Mr M'Cumbie ! Mr Crawfurd Mr Finnie Marquis of Lorne * Sir D Wedderburn colonel Sykes Mr Trevelyan ;* Mr Dalrymple Mr It Duff Mr 1) Robertson Mr Adam Mr Trail! * Sir S Waterlow * Mr Orr-Ewing Sir J Ogilvy * Mr Armistead Mr Jardine Mr M'Laren * Mr Miller Dr. Lyon Playfair Sir G Maitland Mr Grant Duff Mr Grant Hon C Carnegie. Sir R Anstruther Mr Merry If Mr Moncreiff Mr Dal lash Mr W Graham * Mr Anderson * Mr Grieve Sir H Davie Lord Elcho * Mr Mackintosh * Mr Cameron Mr Nichol Mr W H Maxwell Mr B P Bouverie Mr. S. Aytoun * Major Hamilton Sir E Colebrooke Mr M'Laga n * Mr Macke Mr F Dundas Mr Kinnaird Mr Crum-Ewing * Mr Pirker Sir G Montgomery Sir NV Scott * Mr Matheson Mr Spiers * Mr Campbell Admiral Erskine • Lend R S Gower Mr Ellice Mr Baxter Mr Young * Lord Garlies * Mr Loch IRELAND. Seymour D. Mr O'Neill Sir J 1%1 Stronge Mr Verner Stronge Mr John Vance * Sir J Ennis * Mr Shaw * Mr Johnst on '* Mr MUlure Sir Colman O'Loghlen Colonel Vandeleur * Mr 'Dalway Mr O'Beirne * Captain Fagan Mr Murphy Mr Maguire Mr Smith Barry " Mr Downing Mr Bagwell Sir H H Bruce Colonel Annesley Mr E Sanderson Mr Bruen. f Mr Kavanagh Lord Hamilton Mr Conolly Lord H Trevor Lieut -Colonel Forde Mr Keowne Major Knox Mr Pim Sir A Guinnesa Mr Lefroy * Mr Ball Colonel Taylor Mr Hamilton * Mr Callan * Mr Matthews Mr Whitworth * Viscount Crichton Captain Stacpoole Lieut -Colonel Cole Captain Archdall Mr Gregory Viscount Burke Sir R Blcnnerhassett * Lord St. Lawrence Lord Castlerosse Mr H A Herbert Sir John Gray Mr G L Bryan Mr Agar Ellis Sir G Colthurst IMr Cogan Lord 0 Fitzgerald Sir 1' O'Brien * Mr Sherlock Mr Gore Dr Brady Mr Peel Dawson Sir F Ileygate * Mr Dowse Major Gavin Mr. F W Russell • • Mr Monsell Mr Synan Mr O'Reilly Col. Greville-Nugent Mr C Fortescue Mr Pease Mr Verner * Mr Moore Lord Bingham Mr Corbally Mr I‘PEvoy Colonel Leslie Mr Shirley serjeant Sullivan * Mr M . Nlahon * Mr Kirk * Captain Darner Mr Fitzpatrick * Mr Digby Colonel French The O'Conor Don Major L E Knox * Mr O'Corior Sir R G Booth The O'Donoghue Captain White Mr Moore Mr Corry Lord Claude Hamilton Mr Devereux Mr Esmonde Mr De La Poer Mr Blake * Mr Delahnnty Mr Pollard-Urquhart Mr Nugent Sir John Power * Mr D'Arcy Mr P Dick • i* Hon H Fitzwilliam Mr C Werrucliza ITARwicrt . HUNTINGDON HARTLEPOOL HAVERFORDW t ST HORSHAM HIINTIXGDONSIIIRE HITDDER4FIELD Irswien ISLE OF Wiowr KENT, WEST KENT, MID KENT, EAST KING'S LYNN KIDDERMINSTER KN.kRESBOROUGH KENDAL LAMBETH LEEDS LEICESTER LEICESTER, NORTE( LEICESTER. S _MTH LANCASHIRE, S.W. .. LANCASHIRE, S.E LEOMINSTER LUDLOW LONDON CITY LONDON UNIVERSITY LY]II N OTON LAUNCESTON LINCOLN LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTII LINCOLN, MID LINCOLN, SOUTH LISKFA RD LEw LICH FIELD LIB zitrooL . LANCASHIRE, Nonni . LANCASUIRE, N.E. MONTGOMERYSHIRE. MA L DON MALLOW MIDHURST MACCLESFIELD MAIDSTONE MALMESBU RY MANCUESTER MA 11, I, EBONE MERTHYR TvDVIL.... MONMOUTH MALTON NI A RLBORO LTG EI M RUNETIISHIRE' MIDDLESBOROUGH MONTGOMERY MORPETH MONMOUTHSHIRE NIIDDLESICX NORFOLK, SOUTH .. NEwARK .. :TEWCASTLE-UPON-TYSZI NEWCASTLE-UXDP.-L N . OILTII A ',LEPTON N tnt: HAMPTON NORWICTI . II .► M EWPORT, L OF WIGHT NORFOLK. Nuant NORFOLK, WVIT NOI:TTIAMPTON, NOUTII NORTHAMPTON, SOUTH NOTTS, NORTH NOTTS, SOUTH . NORTHUMBERLAND, N. NORTHUMBERLAND, S OXFORD UNIVERSITY OZIOAD3IIIAZ .. Constituency., DLDuAm .JXFORD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 11 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 PEMBROKE PEMBROKESHIRE PETERBOROUGH i t I I 3IIEFFIELD PETEILSFIELD PLYMOUTH 1 I PONTEFRACT POOLE READING 1 l 1 EticmaoNn Etzrox ROCHDALE RYE ItETFORD, EAST 3111TOLK, EAST ii:FFOLK, WEST 3031ZRSET, MID 1 I 1 3031ERSET, EAST.... 1 I I 30IITHAMPTON ITROIJD ; 1. , ItRILY, EAST 1 1 I 1 1 1 I I Rutzwszunr T. IVES , STOKE-UTON-TRENT SWANSEA CA.mwoarll rAUNTON TEWKESBURY ... TOWER HAMLETS rnu no . rYNEMOTITII TAVIEITOCK . TIVERTON ... rHIRIK WAKEFIELD WESTMORELAND WALLINOFORD WAREHAM WARRINGTON WARWICK WEDNESBITRY . WESTBU RY ... WESTMINSTER : WEYMOUTH WINCHESTER ViTENDSOR WOODSTOCK WORCESTER WoLvEnn.tmrTos WILTS, NORTH . 1 . 1 .1 .1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 DUBLIN COUNTY KILKENNY KILKENNY COUNTY KING'S COUNTY ... LEITRIM COUNTY LONDONDEP.RY .. LIMERICK CITY .. LIMERICK COUNTY Lo UT II COUNTY LTsßuitN NiAYO COUNTY NinAnt COUNTY. MONAGHAN COUNTY SLroo SLIGO COUNTY TRALEE TIPPERARY COUNTY rYRONE COUNTY WATERFORD CITY.. WESTMEATU . WincronD COUNTY . PORTSMOUTH PRESTON RADNOR ROCIIESTER, FtAnNonsulßE RUTLAND 3ALisßuity UBSEX, WEST ;03fERSET, WZST iILFORD SANDWICH 3CAIUSOROUG a 30IITII SHIELDS 3OUTHHARE ITAIFORD STOCKPORT ITOCILTON lUNDEB.LAND 311AFTESBURY 511011.1MA1i STALEYBRIDGE SURREY, MID , uRREY, WEST lIJSSEX, EAST ITAFFORDSIIIBE, EAST iTAFFORDSHIRE, WEST ITAPTO ItD3IIIRE, NORTH 11 STAMFORD ill ROPSHI RE, NORTH 3IIROPSIIIRE, SOUTH . WHITBY WHITEHAVEN . WIGAN WORCESTER, EAST ... WOT.CESTER, WEST ... WYCOMBE WALSALL WENLOCIE WILTON WILTS, SOUTIL WAIMICKS HIRE, NORTH WArcwIcKsITInE, SOUTH lons YORK, N.W. RIDING.. I'ORK, S.W. RIDING . VOIMSUIRE. N. RxI.ZKG YORK, E. RIDING .... YORK, S.E. W. RIDING ABERDEENSIIIRE, }AST ABE rEss HIRE, WEST, A BURGHS ATIZ:;IIIRE. NORTH ... A viIvLySIIIRE • AY tu4iiie.E. 6ourii ABERDEEN DER DISTRICT BUTESHIRE BANFF BERN:Iea:4IIMB CLACKMANNAN - jAITIINESS DUMFRIESSHIRE DUMBARTONSBIRE •• • • DUNDEE DUMFRIES .............. EDINBURGH ............ EDINBURGH AND STAN DREW'S UNIVERSITIES EDINBURGHSHIRE ELGIN BURGHS ELGIN AND NAIRN • • • • FORFARSHIRE FIFESHIRF FALKIRK BURGHS :: ULA 8001; - AND ABED - I BEEN UNIVERSITIES =LASGOW GRItENOCE EIADDINGTON BURGHS. HADDINGTONSHIRE .• • INVERNESS !SVERNESS-SHIRE VINCARDINESHIRE .• • • kIRKCUDBRIGHT KIL3fARNOCR BURGHS KIRKCALDY 1 LANARKSHIRE, SOUTH LANARKsIIIRE, NORTH LINLITHGOWSHIRE .. • LEITH BURGHS ....... ORKNEY PERTH ... 1 PAISLEY . PERTHSHIRE .. ......... PEEBLES AND SELKIRK ROXBURGHSHIRE ...... ROSS AND CROMAETY.• RENYREwSHIRE ........ STIRLING BURGHS .. • • STIRLINGSHIRE SUTHERLANDSHIRE . • • • ST. ANDREWS BURGHS MONTROSE WIGTOWN BUROIIS .. • • WIGTOwNSHIRE WICK BURGHS ANTRIM COUNTY ..... inmAcm CourcrY ..... etRMA OH ATHLONE BANDON BELFAST CLARE COUNTY CARRICKFERGUS CASHEL CARLOW CORK CONY COUNTY CLONMEL COLERAINE CAVAN COUNTY CARLOW COUNTY ... • DONEGAL COUNTY DowNsuritz DOWNPATRICY DUNGANNON DUBLIN DUBLIN UN, VERSITY DUNDALK DUNGARYAN DROGHEDA ENNISKILLEN ENNIS FERMANAGH COUNTY GALWAY COUNTY .... GALWAY KEPILY COUNTY KINSALE KILDARE LONDONDERRY COUNTY LONGFORD COUNTY . NTALLOW NEW Ross ...... NEwItY Po RTARLINGTON QUEEN'S COUNTY aOSCOMMON COUNTY WEXFORD WATERFORD COUNTY VVicxLow rOV9IIAi• FOREIGN NOTES. TURKEY AND GREECE. The prospect of peace has improved. The Constitutionnel announces that the Porte has consented to respite, the Greek Government until Saturday—perhaps until the 17th. A delay in a quarrel between two nations, like the postponement of an execution, generally means escape from the final penalty. There can lie no doubt, however, that Turkey intended to fight. The squadron which was ordered to leave the Dardanelles with sealed orders was destined to appear before the Piraeus, the sea port of Athens. But if, as is stated, the Governments of England, France, and Austria have offered their media tion, there can be little fear of hostilities. The overtures which great States make to small ones are rarely disre garded ; and in this case it is very probable that more decided interference will follow, should the mediation prove unavailing. The Vienna papers state that a cow • blued English, French, and Austrian squadron will be sent to the Greek coast as a means of assuring the Hellenic Government that the " mediation" is earnest. Russia has taken no part in this interference. This is not surprising, but it is rather strange that Prussia, which was chiefly instrumental in bringing about the recent change in Roumania, should net also aid in putting a stop to the outrageous conduct of Greece. The Paris correspondent of the Standard says that if Turkey confines her operations to blockading Crete, then the disturbance will be only local; but if a single Turkish regiment crosses the frontier into Thessaly or Epirus, we may expect to hear of Roumanian raids across the Danube, and of the appearance of a Russian army on the Pruth. The mediation and the judicious despatch of a squadron may obviate these complications. ARMED PEACE. The Journal des Debats, laudably desirous of still fur ther amending the improved relations between France and Prussia, says that the English Government has sub mitted to the Powers of Europe two propositions, each of which` is intended to ensure the maintenance of peace. The first suggests a conference for the purpose of making the Treaty of Prague an international law ; the second proposes that all the Powers should exchange notes declaring their firm intention of preserving the status quo. This statement is incorrect. The Independence Beige says that previously to the recent amelioration of the relations between France and Prussia, the Emperor Napoleon, in an interview with Lord Clarendon, expressed the desire to put an end to the feeling of insecurity which weighed so heavily upon Europe. Since then, however, nothing has been done. Both at London and at Paris it has been agreed that with 'too much tinkering the situation may break down altogether. SPAIN. The Madrid correspondent of the Liberte supports the view that Prim is waiting his time for the assumption of absolute power. There is a general reaction in the country: eloquence and excitement have been followed by silence and torpor. The Government is disunited ; the treasury is empty; the loan has been a failure. Serrano and Topete, the only men of mark in the Ministry, except Prim, have become the mere satellites of the latter, who is. now fast assuming the position of Dictator. In presence of the nullity of his colleagues, he has become the man of the situation ; he has studied in France the " art of saving nations," and he proposes to himself to save Spain. It is quite possible that any calamity may happen to a people which knows not its own choice. But against the specula tion of this writer—who is by no means alone—must be pitted the fact that Prim has formally disclaimed, in a letter to the Gaulois, the project of establishing either a military regime or an empire. If he really harbours ambitious designi; "why perpetrate this act of perjury ? It is, nevertheless, much to be regretted that two months must elapse before the Cortes meet to dispose of the destinies of the nation. The first meeting is fixed for February 11. • THE .111LITIA AND VOLUNTEERS. (Front the Anglo -American Times.) The Militia of Great Britain is its Constitutional Force, and is purposely by the law placed in this respect in striking contrast with the regular army. Americans may not know that the very preamble of the Act which legalizes a standing army declares its maintenance to be contrary to law unless sanc tioned by Parliament. So jealous is the Legisla ture that it limits the Mutiny Act which legalizes the regular army to one year, renewing it at the beginning of each session. If that Act were not passed, the whole military superstructure would fall to the ground. A private might knock his colonel down and be liable only before a magistrate to be fined five shillings fur assault and battery ; trial by court-martial would become illegal, and the Sovereign's Articles of War, which are based on the Mutiny Act, would lose their foundation and force. On the contrary, the Militia is a con stitutional army, each county having its orga nization, the men being liable to be raised by conscription, and the officers appointed by the Lord-I ieutenant of the county. There are so many volunteer militia men that conscription is not necessary, their services being only required as a rule for three weeks of each year, when little agricultural work is doing ; and the country lads regard that spell of drill as a pleasant change to the county capital where the muster is made. During the time the men are called out, they are paid, clothed, and fed as is the regular army ; the officers, who are in the same proportion as a regular regiment. rank with, but after the same grades of the standing army. They dine at a mess, which, being long esta blished, is generally as well supplied and orna mented as those of their regular brethren. The men are usually quartered in barracks, and come under a Mutiny Act applicable to the militia, the powers of commanding officers and courts-martial being much the same in both services, but the officers of the one cannot sit on the courts of the other. After a militia regiment has been some time at drill its appearance and composition are so similar to those of the ordinary line regi ment that it requires a practised eye to tell the difference, and frequently these regiments, being called out for permanent service, take their places is tbe barracks of Aldershot, when to all in tents and purposes they become ordinary march ing regiments. When the supplies are voted Parliament grants the sum necessary to meet the estimates for the current year's training, and the only cost in the interval is the maintenance of the permanent depots, with an adjutant at the place where the regiment annually musters, together with a sergeant-major, whose business it is to look after the arms, clothing, &c., to keep the rull, and otherwise to have all maintained to meet require ments. This force consists almost wholly of in fantry, as the other branches of the service need a training impossible to acquire in so limited a period, but there are, more especially on the southern coast, some excellent batteries of artillery, where the men are exercised to handle and use heavy guns and to man fortresses. In every county there is a cavalry, by no means to be despised, called the yeomanry, composed of perhaps the best material of which soldiers can be made, small farmers, led by the sons of the great landowners, who supply their own horses, and form here and there well-mounted troops and squadrons. Throughout the United Kingdom the militia is formed from the genuine material of the county to which it belongs, and in this respect differs from the regular army, where men of the three kingdoms are mixed in mostly all regiments, even in many supposed to recruit only in some particular spot. Thus the Highland militia regiments are really Highlanders, which is far from being the case in many of the most celebrated regular Highland regiments. So, in Wales, and perhaps in both, men often join who cannot speak a word of English. This force is the old constitu tional levy of England, the offspring of feudalism, and being admirably adapted to throw the military defence of the kingdom into the hands of the great landowners has been by them cherished and preserved. Composed of their labourers, and officered by their nominees, maintaining, too, a county character it could not be otherwise ; and through it England has managed to keep the liberties which great standing armies crushed, every where else in Europe. When the feudal means of offence and defence began to change to standing organizations, England went through the horrors of a civil war, and Cromwell ruled by the power given him by the finest standing army England ever produced. Indeed, the struggle be tween his followers and the Crown, at least in its latter stages, was a fight between a regular army, mainly organized by him, and th militia, the levies of influential landowers in their counties. Not only did he totally defeat the cavaliers, but he so ruled them that he left the memory to be handed down as a tradition from generation to generation of aver sion to such a force—fortunately for England ; for had the Stuarts, on regaining their throne, been en abled to command the services of such an army as that controlled by Cromwell, the whole political, ma terial, and religious aspect of England might at this day be totally different. Hence the striking con trast in the preambles of the Naval and Military Acts. In the former, Parliament commences by ass:rting that the fleets are essential to the honour, glory, and security of England, and declaring the national pride in this darling service ; whereas, with the army, as we have before observed, it begins by stating its maintenance to be illegal, and only to be endured by the necessity of preserving the balance of power, and adding to security against a foreign invasion. Throughout, the sams spirit may be observed, a jealous guarding against the improper employment of the force. Indeed some of the sections are a curiosity in this way, and have reference to a danger long since passed and gone. That year by year Parliament should have repeated this Act, shows the lasting impression made by Cromwell's Ironsides, as well as James ll.'s attempt to organize a force independent of Par liament, for England has experienced no army mu tinies, though the same cannot be said for the Fleet. Perhaps more numerous, and of a totally different class, is the Volunteer organization which has recently risen into what we believe to be permanent importance. After Waterloo, the Bri tish Army gradually dwindled into insignificance, and came to be regarded as an obsolete and useless machine, naturally assuming under such circum stances that character. Invasion panic, followed invasion panic, and the reform in arms, organiza tion, and equipment of the regulars was not the only result, for by some sudden national movement the Volunteers sprang into existence. Although eight years have elapsed, that force continues to flou rish, many of the regiments being composed of good material fairly trained. Generally, the mnrare from cities, where alone they could be found in sufficient numbers, living so near each other as easily and quickly to muster on the training ground and sufficiently well off to afford the time. Parliament sanctioned the organiz ition, ordering an issue of arms to every battalion, and a stipulated sum in proportion to the numbers drilled in each regiment in aid of its main tenance. Military rank was given to the officers, whom soldiers of the line are ordered to salute. Young men in counting hotises, and clerks of all sorts from shops, joined the regiments of their re spective localities—the universities furnished their quota, as also did the professions. One of the finest regiments has been nick-named " The Devil's Own," being composed wholly of lawyers. There is a striking difference between them and line regi ments. Wanting in the Precision —in the solid, massive, wall-like aspect, the machine-like move ments of the highly-trained regulars, the Volunteers present a more easy, jaunty, springy gait, greater quickness and intelligence. They dress gene rally in grey or green, either copying the Rifle corps or adopting something new in dress. By those who strangely overlook the service for which they would be required, the objection to them is that they have no cohesion, no departments by which armies are held together. But what is the use of : ak commissariat, of, transport, of hospitals, to those Who, if they fight at all, must fight in Eng land, where railways lead everywhere, where food is abundant, where hotising is ample, and surgeons and all medical appliances are scattered throughout the Wail. The fact is overlooked, that in case of au invasion the whole resources of the country are not asluid for, but taken by the Government, and Britain becomes the camp, the battle-field, the hospital of the armies. An invader is compelled to be the attacking side. The moment the enemy ceases to move onward he is lost. The defenders must be attacked where posted and beaten, or the invasion fails; hence the Volunteers will not be required to manceavre, fur there is but one line of advance and one objective point. le position, these troops would be found difficult to dislodge and destructive to an attacking party, being well armed, and for the most part skilful shots. Tue orgamz i tion then required for the defence of their native country is very different from that necessary for carrying on war in another, even if that other be the land of an ally. For the purposes then that the Volunteers of England are waned they are well fitted, and the tendency is greatly to rely on them, for the policy of the Government is to steer clear of foreign complications, and to use a military organization almost wholly as a means of defence. The militia is the makings of England's best force, and a Parliament of the people could through the machinery it supplies turn the country into a for midable military power. Custom, tradition, and laws long ago enacted would compel Englishmen to bear such a levee if they believed it to be neces sary, and the Government would possess in it did that necessity arise, a weapon more mighty than other nations believe possible. Indeed the idea on the Continent of Europe is that England could not be strong as a military empire, but this error would be rudely dispelled if the people were aroused. The regular army is a mere toy, but behind it lies a formidable force, and one which may yet astonish the world. The Mechanic's Magazine says that a great dis covery in connection with gun cotton has been made by Professor Abel and Mr. Brown, of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. As we have regularly described the progress of discovery with this important explosive, we need only recall the last stages—the preservation from de composition by the use of a weak alkali, and the em ployment of compressed charges. Used in the last mentioned form, we have said that gun cotton, lighted by the ordinary fuse, has about six times the destruc tive force of an equal weight of gunpowder. Messrs. Abel and Brown, however, after experimenting with gun cot ton saturated with nitro-glycerine, igniting it necessarily with the detonating fuse, tried the experiment of igniting gun cotton alone in the same way. The results showed that cotton exploded in this way has, perhaps, greater destruc tive force than nitro-glycerine. This is a great and va luable discovery, for we have here the comparative safety of the gun cotton the tremendously destructive powers of nitro-glycerine. For mining and quarrying purposes it re moves the only source of danger 4om the use of gun cotton, for no hard tamping is necessary. It is sufficient to fill up the born with sand. Gun eaten, as we have recently shown, may be carried and stored with perfect safety from explosion. The detonating fuse can be inserted in the charge when it is required for use. As with nitro glycerine, the explosion of one charge provokes the ex plosion of another. Thus, if it were required to destroy a stockade, it is only necessary to place the charges at distances round the enclosure, and explode one. The explosion of all follows with instantaneous rapidity. The New York Nation tells the following story, as within its own knowledge, illustrating the tale of cor ruption which is said to be driving vast numbers of the inhabitants of New York to New Jersey, and the neces• sity of working for a reform independently of all party motives. "Two years ago the corruption on the j udicite bench of the city was nearly, but not quite, as bad as it is now. It was certainly less bold and unblushing, but it was gathering strength. A bill was introduced and hurried through both branches of the Legislature, putting the whole chamber business of the Supreme Court into the hands of one judge, leaving the governor to select the judge, and it was well known to those who watched the bill that its promoters intended that the judge selected should be the very one wLo is now accused of complicity in the late election frauds, and whose character was at that time every whit as well known to the bar and the newspaper world as it is now. The effect of the bill—which was, however, not apparent on its face, and which escaped the Go vernor's notice—would have been to place about twenty million dollars worth of property and the per sonal liberty of everybody iu the district at the judicial disposal of one man, without appeal—an amount of power such as has never, we venture to say, been con fided to a single officer under any system of jurisprudence in any civilized country. In fact, it was a gigantic scheme of plunder of the worst kind. But this was not the worst of it. It was supported in an indirect way by the leading Republican paper in this city ; and a large number of wealthy and prominent men—Republicans, too— signed a paper urging the governor to appoint the judge afore mentioned to the place thus created, believing, with that silly confidence in other things than character, which is one of the curses of the time, that, owing to his baying recently quarrelled with the " Ring," he might be depended on to use his newly-acquired and enormous power against it. and it only. The governor was happily made ac quainted in time with the real character of the measure, and never signed it, but while it was lying waiting his de cision, with this scandalous pressure in its favour weigh ing on him, the matter was brought before the Union League Club by the executive committee, and resolutions were introduced denouncing- it in strong tetras. They were tabled almost without debate. One speech—showing that the measure had Republican friends, that the judge had Republican friends, and thut the subject was not a fit one for the club to entertain, and that the resolutions, if pressed, might divide the club—killed them. THE "WASHINGTON CHRONICLE" ON THE CIVIL SERVICE BILL. (From the Anglo-American Times.) We thought that if there was a measure the benefit of which could not openly be disputed it was the Civil Service Bill of the Hon. Thomas Jenckes. That it would be as hateful to the crowd of office-seekers as Grant's system of dealing with their applications, all can readily believe ; but we did not think it was open to the bitter attack which has been made in the Washington Chronicle. There it is objected to as an attempt to ape the illiberal and arbitrary system of monarchical Europe, as re lieving the President of his responsibility for execu tive appointments—that it prevents the people from selecting the candidate, as the Board can assert his inability to pass a satisfactory examination—as if the people troubled themselves except about the great appointments (they should be checked if they did), upon which their influence is decisive ; or as if the President's responsibility was more than mere cypher, a delusion, and a snare. Look at the gigantic system of fraud which has grown up under Andrew Johnson's Administration. Who can fix on him the responsibility ? All acknowledge his personal honesty, while openly saying that for party purposes he rather protected and fostered dishonest officials than checked them, and threw the blatne of the result on the Republicans. A small civil service may be controlled, as was formerly that of the United States, but with such a Civil Service as the one to which that of the United States has now grown the attempt is not only absurd, but disastrous. Take the case of Mr. Spencer M. Clark, head of the currency and bond printing bureau, whom Secretary M'Culloch, for more than three years, was trying to remove from the post, convinced that he was not a proper man. The administration of the bureau's a ffairs had long been suspected in and out of Congress. We will venture to say that no department in the service required a character of more strict integrity, offered more temptations to dishonesty, or from which evil reports could have been used more inju riously on the money markets. Yet a man in whorl' no one appears to have had confidence remained there for more than three years, while his chief was all the while anxious to dislodge him. This is 3 sample of the President's responsibility ; and sup posing (which we have no reason to suppose) that some fearful frauds are detected in that bureau by the Retrenchment Committee of Congress, now about to make a new and more complete examina 4 tion of its affairs, what would be the use of a Presi dent's responsibility ? No, let us have some effec" tual and no such bogus checks. J. S. Clarke, the comedian, after a successful engagement in England, it is announced, is to return to America this winter. Lingard, now performing at the Theatre COMiq lie ' New York, has received $33,742 as his share of the re ceipts of the last six months. In New York the theatre6 and public halls are to be examined by an official coran3ls - to ascertain whether they are safe. The Richings Opera Troupe are playing in Ch i ' cago.—Carncross and Dixey, at the Seventh-street oper, House, announce the Grand Du c hes s "R" cons tructad ' and the "L‘ncashire Lass."—Blind Tom has began $ll engagement at the Concert Hall, New York, appeariag every evening and on Wednesday and Saturday aft er noon s. M. Du Chaillu is again lecturing in New Yor k ' —Miss Piney W. Forsythe has succeeded her father 35 proprietor and editor of the Liberty (Miss.) Advocate . "' Ralph Waldo Emerson is said to be getting deaf. The New York Albion establishment has bee n sold by W. H. Morrell to Mr. Kinahan Cornwallis. 'I I : consideration paid is said to be over $20,000, and it 1 . understood that the new propri e t or will make 6 ° l ; important changes in the character of the sheet. 0 weekly review of financi a l a n d commerc i a l affairs W' be given, and questions of p o liti ca l econom y will be discussed. • Frank Leslie announces a new weekly news' paper. Mississippi is to have a new magazine, called t he "Coloured Citizens' Monthly." ifi A CHINESE NEWSPAPER.—The Chinese o cl i organ, the Pekin Gazette, is said to b e p re pared in the fe o ; lowing manner:—There is in one of the department s, ,„ " boards," of the Government a copying office for the Pr to mulgation of official matter. A large number of copy' s are employed therein. Besides the copies of decrees f e ; quired to be made, to be sent officially to all the hig b° mandarins, the clerks are allowed to make copies for Pe r ; sons who desire to obtain them on the day of their pa bl d' ' cation. Most of the embassies and foreign residents!; - Pekin subscribe to these copies, which are really the offi cial gazette. Mr. Burlingame's secretaries inform me, s ilY ; a writer in the Galaxy, that in all not more th an 90 P e ': sons thus subscribed. The subscription price for t he manuscript copies is seven dollars per month. Th e y f issued daily. The price obtained is really a perquisi te il e a the copying office. Thousands of persons are l emPhy, throughout the provinces in making copies, in wh t : r o or in part, of the contents of this organ. The Pr iu ' itl A of the Gazette obtain their copy from the office , t o publish the same two days, after its publication W oo , manuscript form. Officially, nobody is s upposed to ss how the printer gets his matter, yet its publication i ts cepted as on official promulgation. Copies of the G a tr g are made, by permission of the proper official, by P riO tte in the large cities of different provinces. The ur " ;: e r office, as well as the provincial printing office, °c rr sionally issue bulletin slips containing some ae W ,t,,,,, , 0 garding the rebellion, or similar matter, which is w oo bought with avidity by the people. The subse rt f; y i e r price to the Pekin Gazette is about a half-dollar in sit per month. The Official Gazette has become dpoteat Peri useful auxiliary of the Imperial Government, and of effort is made to increase its influence. An examfeatw b - jelf its pages will curiously illustrate the methods by, Wioii• the Manchoo dynasty, as well as the Chinese ad r° , oo p trative system, has been able to maintain itself SO It is a so-called paternal autocracy, tempered by °, lO , cism of its abuses. The traditions of the people W oo . rizo and demand this, and the safety of the dynasty ° .nest pels its attention. Wendell Phillips will find his p lat e re words outdone by the censures and complaints wh i° the r continually sent to Pekin against the provincial.ae d° o3 local authorities. Those are inserted in the Gazette 0 sent over the emp're to be met and confuted or prove'' or fge case may be. The action of the imperial dyna st Y i ; vo the reigning member thereof, with his counsellors , 13 . 1. e means escape this censorious and critical spirit. It i• powerful manifestation of public opinion which th e ro la nistration cannot ignore. These criticisms, as d come from some member of the literary class, those who, having passed the necessary exanlin * * rotol have not afterward availed themselves of the rig h " o ,llo , given to enter on an administrative career, bu t p%' living as private citizens, have, by virtue of their TO nized abilities, acquired the personal character 7...d0 justifies them in the voluntary exercise of the Om functions. 0 1 '0 uovnarissusxT.)—ttenceorth no one will doubt th e Alil' it go properties of Du Barry's health-restoring Revalents,,,oo Invalids' and Infants' Food, since to the thousands of 5 -',4110'7, 0 , it has already received from Invalids whose position * ,, 0 deemed hopeless, we may now add that of his Holiness whose health has been perfectly restored by it after thirtY le e tg o li ri unsuccessful medical treatment. We quote from the " e' Midi," July 25th :—" Rome, July 21,1866. The health of t re p 3 Father is excellent, especially since, abandoning all 0t.,,, e f a1e,,1- dies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful at el a itll, It has produced a surprisingly beneficial effect on his his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too hiP c ",a/n j il extract a few out ofmore than :—Cure o. "yof, o o. the Marchioness de Brehan, ofeven years' liver el, o ftilki f r wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nervous l' s ,;-,oo t ( 1 0 all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, and ths,tort,iip tolerable nervous agitation. Cure No. 1.771 : Lor ears 4 f d peP s 'o,, Denies, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford, of many y A tt. o ." s peP o o, No. 49,832: "Fifty years' indescribable agony from''' o o o ) jf nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, ffatuleuel'l7o: 18 9 sickness, and vomiting —Maria Joly " Cure No. 46. loll' James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' disee., s !, o o. spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial desie; o re h t i io portant Caution—Beware of the many unsavoury and sloppy imitations to which, without authority, name is most audaciously attached. 1f 0 In tins, at Is. lad. • 1 lb. 2s. 9d.; 2 lbs. 4s. 6d.; 5 lbs, 225. ; 24 lbs., 40s.—Also Du BARRY'S BEYALENTA A8A 8 !;19.,.:;t1e, LATE POWDER is packed In tin canisters; for 12 cups 7 1 .51 0 ", cups at 3s. Gd., for 48 cups at 65., for 288 cups at 305., t% 550 oco at 55s.—being about one penny per cup. The 30s. Anrot dip are sent free of carriage in England on receipt of tr eett Order.—BAßßY DU BARRY and Co., No, 77, Regent' s don; and all Grocers and Chemists. fro - i r a t h s . a to e ASTLEY—On the 7th inst. , t L mmas-hall, I ' l°f° .0 ic w wife of F. B. Astley, Esq . , of a son. ELLlsort On the 7th inst, at Boultha 11 Lio c(l-1 m-ha , e, Ole wife of Major . G Ellison, a son SOLTYKOFP—OnR G. the 9th inst , of at 11,. Eaton - Wi ll — Princess Soltykoff, of a son and heir. l' Marriages. obe,c BAKER—NEWKAN—On the Bth inst., at St. Lul' ei° o: l l o, sea, John Baker, Esq., of Portman-square , ° Will i widow of the late Wasey Jas. Newman, Esq, sure Essex. o MERRICK —JOIINSTONE—On the Bth inst., atWOt°-n del ly, Mare, Major T. C. Merrick, Bengal SIC , to 1:109to" youngest daughter of the late Spearman J.' Esq., of Driughouses, Yorkshire. Deaths. v; oi" ' +7. -...4 4 GUINNESS—On the. Bth inst., at 24, Lower - -.- 0: street, Dublin, Dublin, Benjamin G. Grattan Gui uD° .0 1, M.D. del lll3 T PHILLIPS - On the Bth inst., at Hollow Combe, , -4 0 of suddenly, Henry Wyndham Phillips, second 6 ed Phillips, Esq., R.A., aged 48. or , e O ll VIRTUE—On the Bth inst., at 7, Porchest er-n OA suddenly, George Virtue, Esq., of Oatlands - P' ton-on-Thames, aged 75. 1 00 9 0;4 London : Printed and P.tblished by WILLIAg 14 ' go of of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tits SUN 01 1e ''02a ,// Strand, in tns Precinct of the Se voY , th. Iliddlesex.--Thursday, December 10, 18418. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ye 1111 di l Ile]