The Sun. — London, England, 1845-05-13 00:00:00

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. TIIIS EVENING Will be repeated a New and Original Nautical Drama, entitled TUE YELLOW ADMIRAL; or, The Perils of the Battle and the Breeze. Supported by the whole Company. Atter which, an Original Laughable Farce, entitled WILFUL MURDER. Mr. Cons,l, Mr. Ersser Jones; Pythagoras Sphoon, Mr. J. Herbert ; Frank Featherly, Mr. T. H. Higgie Rhoda, Mrs. 0. Lee ; Whiskers, Miss E. Terry. To conclude with an entirely New and Original Drama, entitled THE OLD TOLL HOUSE ; or, The Carrier and his Dog. In which Messrs. Cony, Blanchard, and the Dog Hector will perform. A DIFFERENT SUBJECT EACH SEASONI-GRAND OPENING FETES. First Exhibition of the Colossal Pictorial Representation suggested by H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT. Under the Patronage of her most Gracious MAJESTY, her Majesty the QUEEN DOWAGER, H. It. H. PRINCE ALBERT, &c. &c. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. TO-DAY, AND THURSDAY, A magnificent modelled Representation of EDINBURGH, the Pride of Scotland and of S'cotchmen, and the immortal Scott's " Ain Romantic Town," introducing the Old and New Town, the Nor' Loch, as it formerly existed, the Calton Hill, Nelson's Monument, Arthur's Seat, Salisbury Craggs, the Castle, Sir Walter Scott's Monu ment, the Royal Institution, Holyrood Palace, and all the most inter esting features of " Auid Reekie." The Proprietor had the honour of submitting the Model to his Royal Highness Prinee Albert, and he is delighted to say it met with his most decide and perfect approval, and from the more than usual care which has been observed in its execution, he points it out as the happiest production of Mr. Danson's pencil. The drawings were made by Mr. Danson on the spot, and present a bird's-eye view of the principal objects of the Old and New Town, the Firth of Forth, &c. The PROMENADE CONCERTS, so decidedly popular at this Establishment, will this season be on an unusually effective scale. Mr. GODFREY has been occupied since the close of last summer, in com posing and arranging a varied and pleasing succession of superior Novelties, which will be produced in rotation, Including some Ori ginal Pieces by Foreign Composers, not yet nerfonned In this country. At Dusk will take place the most extraordinary Exhibition of FIREWORKS ever attempted. The ettlire of the Gigantic Model will be Illuminated. The different devices in front of the houses, the fires on the Calton Hill, Arthur's Seat, and the surrounding Moun tains, the illumination of Nelson's Monument, and all the rejoicings which took place on her Majesty's Visit will be accurately pour trayed. And, as a Finale, a grand Aquatic Royal and Patriotic Tableau, Fifty Feet In Height, will be exhibited in the centre of the Lake ! The Portraits of her Majesty and Prince Albert, surmOtuited by Fame, and surrounded by emblems and ether devices will be in troduced. The Tableau designed and executed by Mr. Danson. Mr. Soutliby has been occupied for months in giving effect to this matchless and superb design, which combined with the Feux D'Artl flee, the Salute and Discharge of Rockets tram the Castle and sur reuading heights, will form the most brilliant Pyrotechnic Display ever witnessed. Feeding of the Carnivore, at half-past Four ; Pelicans, &c., at Five: Concert at Six; and Pyrotechnic Display at Vine. Adiriisiim. One St, intim' THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, MAT 12. THIMMONETER, Lowest, 44 ; Highest., 55; Noon, 53. BAROMETER, 29.82.—W1ND, N. Nor —The figures which follow the words "Lowest" and " Highest" denote the lowest and highest state of the Thermometer during tht preceding twenty-four hour 3. All the other oleservations are made at noon. HIGH WATER AT LONDON -BRIDGE THIS DAY. Morning .. minutes after 5 I Evening .. 19 minutes after 6. .0-1? 11 4 1 A.% *_er• PS' -i"4,11101101 •, „ _ 4i5_46.7U"./ r, lir , . .4. • RAILWAY NEWS. Subscribers and others interested in Railways will find a FULL ACCOUNT of the PROCEEDINGS &fore the RAII.WAY COMMITTEES in the THIRD EDITION of THE SUN, reported up to the CLOSE of EACH DAY.' Sun-office, 112, Strand. THANKS TO NEWSPAPER PROPRIE TORS.—The numerous communications received by C. MITCHELL from the Newspaper proprietary generally, deprecating the attempt of another party, almost a stranger iu respect to a pub lication well known to them as having originated with C. M., and now near completion.—Thanks are tendered by C. MITCHELL, not only for the extensive patronage received, but also for the de termination expressed of not rendering assistance to the other part/ in his untradesmanlike transaction. General Advertising and Newspaper Press Directory Office, Red lion-court, Fleet-street, London. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. (BY DESIRE.) THIS EVENING Will be performed Rellini's Opera, entitled IL PIRATA. Imogene, Madame Grisi : Adele, Madame Benin' ; Gualtiero, Sig. Mario ; Goffredo, Sig. A. Giubilel ; Itulbo, Sig. Del Fiori ; and Ernesto, Sig. Fornasart. _ _ _ Be.tween the Acts of the Opera, the Dansauses Viennoises will appear in " L'Hongroise," in the course of the evening the " Pas des Fleurs," and in the Ballet the " Pas de Styriewae." To conclude with the Ballet of ONDINE ; ou, La Naide. Prin cipal Characters by Mdlle. Cerito, Mdlle. Ferdinand, Demelisse, 31. Perrot, and M. St. Leon ; Including the celebrated Pas de l'Ombre, by Mdlle. Cerito. Ipplications for Boxes, Stalls, and Tickets to be made at the Box office, Opera Colonnade. _ llt;or; open at Half-past Seven o'clock ;to commence at Eight. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. Halle. LUCILE GRAHN respectfully informs the Nobility, Sub scribers to the Opera, her Friends, and the Public that HER BENEFIT willtake place ON THURSDAY, MAY 15, When will be performed Rossini's Opera, LA GAZZA LADRA. Ninetta, Madame Orisi ; Lucia, Madame Benin' ; Pippo, Mdlle. Brambilla ; Gianetto, Sig. Mario ; I'odesta, Sig. Lablache ; Isaac, 51g. Dai Flori ; Fabrizi Vingradito, Sig. A. Giueilei ; Fernando Vll labelo, Sig. Fornasari. The Danseuses Viennoises (under the direction of Madame Jo sephine Weiss) will dance some of their favourite Pas. After which, the Divertissement of UN BAL SOUS LOUIS MY, in which Mdlle. Lucile Grahn and Mdlle. Cerito will appear. To be followed by the Last Scene of LA SONNAMBULA. Amina, Madame Castellan. to the course of the Evening, the celebrated Spanish Dancer, D_na Mannela Perea, knowni as La Sena, will appear in one of the National Pas of Slain. " La Cracovienne" (Pas de Caractere), by Mdlle. Lucile Grahn. The entertainments will likewise comprise the " Pas de Six" from the Ballet of KAY A. And likewise include a Selection from the Ballet of EbLINE. and a Selection front the Ballet of ONDINE. Applications for Boxes, Stalls, and Pit Tickets to be made at the Opora-cflice, Colonnade, Haymarket. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY LANE THIS EVENING Will be performed THE BOHEMIAN GIRL. Thaddeus, Mr, W. Harrison ; Arline, Miss Rainforth. To conclude with the celebrated Ballet of LA GISELLE. The Duke of Silesia, Monsieur Gasperini; Giselle, Mdlle. Polin. To-morrow positively will be produced Balfe's New Opera, " The Enchantress," Madame Anna Thillon's First Appearance, and a Di vertissement in which 3ldile. Polio and M. Gasperini will perform. Dress Circle, 7s; Boxes, 5s ; Pit, 3s ; Gallery, 2s ; Upper Gallery, ls. Boxes, Stalls, and Tickets, may be obtained of Mr. Johu Par sons, at the Pox-office of the Theatre. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. LESSEE, MR. B. WEBSTER. THIS EVENING Will be repeated a New and Original Comedy, by Douglas Jerrold, entitled TIME WORKS WONDERJ. Goldthamb, Mr. W. Farren ; Felix Goldthumb, Mr. Charles Mathews ; Bantam, Mr. Brickstone ; Miss Bossy Tulip, Madame Vestris ; Florentine, Miss Fortescne ; Miss Tucker, Mrs. Glover ; Patty, Mrs. Humby. After which, USED UP. Sir Charles Coldstream, Mr. Charles Mathews ; Wurzel, Mr. J. Bland ; Mary, Miss Julia Bennett ; Lady Clutterbuck, Mrs. Humby. To conclude with YOUNG ENGLAND. Major Martinet, Mr. Strickland ; Mr. John James Pooley, Mr. Buckstone ; Mrs. Pooley, Mrs. llumby ; Mrs. Smiler, Mrs. Stanley THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHT. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE. THIS EVENING Will be performed PAUL PRY. Paul Pry, Mr. Wright ; Grasp, Mr. 0. Smith ; Mrs. Subtle, Mrs. Yates ; Phbe, Miss Woolgar. After which will be repeated, THE PRETTY GIRLS OF STIL BEKG. Ernest, Mr. Webster, in which he will give his celebrated personation of the Emperor Napoleon ; Margot (her original charac ter) Madame Celeste. To conclude with a New Grand Empirical Exposition, called ST. GEORGE AND THE DRAGON. Principal Characters by Messrs, Paul Bedford, Wright, John Saunders Selby; Miss Woolzar, Miss Brooks, and Miss E. Chaplin. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. I.ESEE, KR. J. M. 3I.ADDOX. THIS EVENING Will be performed Shakspeare's Play of AS YOU LIKE IT Jacques, Mr. Wallack ; Amiens, Mr. Allen ; Orlando, Mr. Walter Lacy : Touchstone, Mr. Compton ; Rosalind, Miss Cushman. After which, a New Divertissement, entitled LE PIZINTE3IPS. Supported by Messrs. Gilbert and Marshall, Miss Bailin and Miss Marshall. To conclude with a New Farce, entitled LOVE IN LIVERY. Lord Sparkle, Mr. Walter Lacy ; Paul Patent, Mr. Compton ; Violet, Afiss Emma Stanley, Stage Manager, Mr. H. I. Wallack; Stage Director, Mr. Emden; Machinist, Mr. Edmund Bradwell. THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MRS. KEELEY. First Week of another New Burlesque. Brilliant Success of " Our New Governess" every Evening. THIS EVENING Will be repeated a New and Original Comedy, entitled OUR NEW GOVERNESS. Characters by Messrs. F. Mathews, Wigan, Turner, Stanton, and Keeley ; Mrs. Woollidge, Miss Grove, M 199 Arden, and Mrs. Keeley. To be followed by an entirely New Operatic,' Dramatic, Chivalric, Fairy, Romantic Burlesque, entitled CIND ERE LLA . The Principal Characters by Mr. Keeley, Mr. A. Wigan, Mr. Frank Mathews, Mr. J. W. Collier, Urs. Keeley, Miss Villar a Miss Falrbrother, Mrs. Woollidge, Miss Grove, Miss Howard, &c. To conclude with a New Farce, called A GOOD NAME. Cha racters by Messrs. F. Mathews, Stanton, Mrs. Woollidge, and Miss Dawson. - The lloi-onice is open daily, under the direction of Mr. Grogan from Ten tin Your. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. PROPRIETOR, MR. W. BATTY. Mr. 13.4.. TTY, ever anxious to retain the patronage that has been eo beuntifully bestowed on this Establishment, feels a degree of plea sure in announcing the greatest combination of Foreign Equestrian Talent that ever appeared In the Metropolis, he having engaged the whole of M. Tournaire's Company of French, German, and Italian Artistes, and the entire Stud of highly-tutored Horses. The Com pany embrace the following distinguished Professors :—M. Benoit Tournaire, M. Ferdinand, M. Francois, M. Ernest ; Signors Angussi and Rinaldo ; M. F. Klatt ; 3lesdames Louise Klatt, Hubor, and Popowitz ; M. Popowitz, the French Clown ; Herr Hubor, the Dutch grotesque. This talented Corps will N ke their Sezond Appearance ma THIS EVEN IG, When will be repeated an entirely New Spectacle, entitled THE GODOLPHIN ARABIAN ; or, The Race-horse of the Desert. Dramatized expressly for this Theatre, by W. Moncreiff, Esq. The Arab Horse trained by Mr. Smith. Box-office open from Eleven till Five. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Entirely New Entertainments, and re-engagement of the World's Wonder, who, having recovered from his late accident, will perform some New and Astonishing Feats. THIS EVENING Will be performed a New Local Drama, entitled THE OLD FLEETE PRISON; or, The Widow and her Suitors. Splendidly appointed and supported by the Entire Company. To be followed by the Extraordinary Feats of the American Sampson. To conclude with a New Melodrama, entitled THE SECRET FOE ; or, The Mason of Abbeville. Places and Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Kerschner, at the Box office. from Eleven to Four. arranui LONDON, TUESDAY, MAY 13, IS , V. tin common with all who have directed their atten tion to the mode of administering relief to the neces sitous poor in Scotland, we have long entertained the conviction that that system required very careful re vision. There is no feature more prominent, per haps, in the national character of the Scotch than their charitable consideration for the claims of a ll their indigent compatriots. When the administra• tion of the funds contributed for so sacred a purpose, under the influence of kindly feelings so generally cherished, is found to be so defective as to leave beyond the scope of its action a vast majority of those whom it professed to reach, we may safely conclude that the principles on which it is based are essentially faulty. For this reason we have been induced to :watch, with much solicitude, the discussions upon a measure lately introduced into Parliament by the Lord-Ad vocate, for amending the poor-law of Scotland. On many accounts we have always been disposed to consider that the principle of the existing law in question was really good in itself; and that it might have continued to operate beneficially, after making all allowance for the altered condition of circum stances and relations which the increase of popula tion and the development of manufacturing capital had produced within the last five-and-forty years— had not its expansion been cramped and its energy paralyzed by ill-judged attempts to adapt their action to the requisitions of a harsher utilitarian scheme of impracticable universality. We believe it to be as likely that the differences of genius, or sentiment, or usages subsisting between different nations and races, demand corresponding dif ferences in the legislation to be provided for the relief and management of their respective poor, as the dif ferences of their moral and social institutions. To attempt establishing and working one :and the same scheme of poor-law relief for England, Ireland, and Scotland seems a fallacy so self-evident. But there may be, on the other hand, inherent evils in such a system intrinsically and universally demoralising and destructive, and it is evident from the reperts and com munications received from ministers of the kirk and parochial authorities, that one such evil pervades the existing poor-law of that country. If it was an objection of insuperable gravity to the adminis tration of the English Poor Law, prior to 1833, that under it a large proportion of the wages paid for agricultural labour was charged upon the rates, how much more reprehensible is the admitted practice in Scotland of eking out the utterly inadequate sub sistence levied for the poor in virtue of the existing law, by authorising the paupers to supplement the wretched pittance doled out to them by begging from door to door ! This permissive sanction does not go merely to encourage mendicant vagrancy, but it holds out a premium to pauperism to relieve the legal fund for its relief by throwing itself on those very sources of irregular maintenance which it is the object of all statutory enactments and police regulations on the subject, in either countries, to - cut off. From the statements of the Lord Advocate, on Wednesday evening last, it appears, that the existing law, in its terms, makes full provision for the poor of Scotland ; and puts into the hands of those who have the administration of that law the power of assessing all parties liable to contribute under it to any extent which may be necessary for that purpose. It is from no indisposition to do justice to the merits of the Lord Advocate's Bill that we propose very briefly to in quire—on the assumption that the existing law en ables, as the Learned Lord tells us, the authorities charged with its administration to assess all parties liable to any extent adequate to the making full pro vision for the support of the poor—how has that power been exercised ? With what satifactory results to the poor ? From the statistics embodied in some of the returns that have just been brought before the House, we collect one or two remarkable results. Of the counties of Ross, Cromartie, Inverness, Caithness, Sutherland, and Argyle, the total popu lation, in 1841, was 340,928. The total amount received by assessment, and contributions at church and from private sources, was for that year 7,6821. Of the total population, 8,463 were reported to be legally entitled to relief as impotent or destitute poor, and more than double that number were returned as equitably entitled to demand similar poor relief. Among the latter it was administered to 1,174,am0ng the former to 4,798. Thus the average of relief administered to each of this number of poor persons per week was 20., exclusive of what additions the individual may have realised, to this legalised pittance, by " begging from door to door." Truly the terms of the existing law may be, as the Lord Advocate remarked, very extensive. But the practical susten tation provided under it must yield but an homoeopa thic aliment for its unfortunate recipients. To remedy such a state of things, however, will prove a task of much more difficulty and trouble than will be readily believed by the benevolent but impa tient philanthropist. We transfer to our columns a letter addressed to the Lord Advocate, which carries a signature that needs no prefatory commendation at our hands. We may be apt to believe that the writer permits his apprehensions to be too readily excited by exaggerated apprehensions ; but we must concede the praise of great good sense and moderation to the tone and spirit in which his views are developed. We quite concur in holding that it is far more essential well to consider and digest the scheme and details of the new measure in this session, with a view to carry it lout into law in the next, than, from the mere desire to avoid delay, to precipitate a vote upon it before the rising of the House of Commons. We find it difficult, moreover, to dispute the force of the case cited to show that the operation of the new law upon its pre sent scheme and detail, may prove ruinous in some districts of Scotland, to the landlords and other classes, if it be modelled too closely "upon the wide, strag gling, and uncertain basis of the present law." In the parish which has supplied the illustration it has been the practice of the Kirk Session to give aid to as great a number of the poor requiring it as it was found possible to afford. On the clear rental of that parish, amounting to 2,7001. per annum, the charge for the poor under the new law would be no less than 37 per cent. Now this is certainly a very startling statement ; and, from peculiar circumstances connected with the tenure of land in Scotland, we have no doubt that the result would be as the writer anti cipates, that although, nominally, the greater pro portion may appear likely to be contributed by the feuars and heritors, the burden must really be borne by the landowner. Again, we have reason to know, that the possessors of estates in the north-west highlands and islands of Scotland have, in many cases, within the last few years, through the extinc tion of the once lucrative manufacture of kelp, been compelled to abandon, as he states, their lands, and migrate to distant colonies. How are the present possessors to contribute from their fearfelly dimi nished rentals, these increased contributions to the support of the poor ? Both these points are well worthy mature deliberation and inquiry before the Legislature, ere its sanction be given to anew poor-law, however unexceptionable in principle, or excellent in many of its details. But there are other considera tions suggested, of which we cannot too strongly cor roborate the force and importance. One of these re gards a great general principle, namely, that the grant of this sort of aid to the poor, in any given case, under the existing law, shall not, of itself, as necessarily con stitute a right in the same party to receive it under the new law. The laxity of the rule under which this aid has hitherto been extended, would render it equally dangerous and absurd to give it, under a new system, anything like the same application. Even Scot tish Jurists of high eminence have held that the relief in question is rather to be considered under the existing law "as an aid than for maintenance." The next point which we trust will be distinctly affirmed by the decision of the Legislature, is that under the new law power should be given to the parties entrusted with its executive administration, to fit up temporarily old houses, and other existing accommodations, for the purposes of poor-houses, at least for a given and ade quate period, and so as to give to parishes and unions ample opportunity for ascertaining the wants and re quirements of' parishes and unions, before committing themselves to the adoption of needlessly expensive constructions, devised by the costly fancy of the parish-union architects. All these will be found topics well entitled to very serious investigation, and we do hope that for once the people of Scotland may not have occasion to reproach the Imperial Legisla ture with its habitual indifference to questions of purely kcal interest and importance to that country. If the real sentiments of the American people were to be collected from the tone adopted by that portion of their newspaper press which assumes to represent the democratic principle of the federal constitution, we should be compelled to conclude that the entire population of the Union supported the President's policy on the Oregon and the Texas questions, and were for immediate war at all hazards with Great Britain. But the Commercial Advertiser has cau tioned us against being misled by the " angry talk" of its compatriot newspapers. It assures us that " it is a great mistake to suppose that the deep-rooted and operative sentiments of countries like Great Britain or the United States are habitually expressed by their fluent orators and writers." It is very true that the Commercial Advertiser speaks with equal disparage ment of the relation which the declarations of the English press bear to the national sentiment. Having a very clear conviction, in common with ninety-nine out of one hundred men in the United Kingdom, of the fallacy of this latter opinion, we are content to leave it where we find it. But we have now before us the most signal evidence to the general correctness of the assumption in respect of the democratie press of the States, in an article published in the New York Herald, which, for insolent mendacity gross ignorance, presumption, and folly, we have never seen equalled in the most transcendent flights of Yankee journalism. The blustering arro gance of this journalist passes, we suppose, for some thing extremely forcible and impressive with its very extensive body of readers, for an extensive body we believe them to be. But it impresses an Englishman with a very humble idea-of the average intelligence, or the good sense of the public, to find it possible that they can endure, and even sanction, such pitiful attempts at intimidating the greatest nation of the earth, by noisy bullying and ridiculous bravado. With regard to the Oreg-n question, there is one consideration that we cannot too strongly impress upon the attention of our readers. To the evils of war, in the abstract, we assume that no honest man at this time of day can be so insensible as not to deprecate their resuscitation to the last moment that it can be avoided, as the most fatal of moral and social afflictions that retard the progress of human improvement. In a war between America and England there must necessarily be the super. added aggravations that attach to all contests between cognate races, speaking one and the same language, and living under laws and usages derived from one common stock. Next to a civil war, a war between two states standing in such relation to each other involves perhaps the greatest collision of kindred interests, and habits, and associa• tions. Entertaining these views, we shall not be sup posed to undervalue by one iota the gravity of such a catastrophe as a war with the United States. We speak of it with a full appreciation of its responsi bilities, its liabilities, and its tendencies. We bear in mind the circumstances that most make such a war one of intense and exterminating animosities as long as it shall last. All this, however, conceded, we cannot too much depricate the illogical and unstates manlike argument that we see occasionally suggested in English as well as American papers, founded on the comparative worthlessness and remoteness of the Oregon territory. It would be easy for us to show that so far as regards the territorial worth of the Oregon, this argument is based on deficient or inac curate information as to the geography and statistics of that region. So far as regards its remoteness the argument proceeds on a total oversight of the numerous and growing relations of the Oregon with other territories, the development of which may be calculated on any clay to precipitate hostilities. Now, since it is apparent, upon authority which all the sub terfuges of Mr. GREENBOW or Mr. POLK can no more shake than they could have shaken the intrepi dity of VANCOUVER and other British discoverers on that coast, that all the rights of prior discovery and legal possession—taking, in the first instance, and of subsequent occupation—de facto, are in our favour; since the rights acquired under these titles by British subjects have been largely improved to the advan tage of British commerce and the extension of Bri tish influence; since they have become the objects of especial recognition and protection in treaties exe cuted between this country and other independent powers ; since the actual British proprietary on the soil, holding immediately under the English Crown, is an association—the North West Company, which now incorporates in its own constitution the still utore ancient rights of the Hudson's Bay Company ; since this proprietary is established under a royal charter, conceived in the most express and specific terms, and granted by the SOVEREIGN of these realms ;—on all these accounts, the value or the worthlessness of the Oregon is absolutely beside the question. We have solemnly affirmed our claim. The antagonist claim of the United States has been as solemnly and unconditionally repudiated by the Prime Minister in Parliament, with the concurrence of all parties in the Legislature. Therefore, the national honour is now distinctly com mitted to the vindication of our title to the Oregon. It cannot be compromised. Were it the most worth less property in the world, such, for example, as a money bond, or any other undertaking, to pay upon honour of the Federal Government or of one of the States—a Pennsylvanian bond or National States Bank debenture ; if we had once taken this tone and attitude upon it, we could not possibly recede from that position. For ourselves, we have little doubt that the steady maintenance of that position will pre clude all necessity for ulterior demonstrations. If the Government of the United States, contemptible as it is in respect of any power of independent decision or action, could really be insane enough to provoke in the present dilapidated condition of its material forces of its army, its navy, its forts, the exposed posi tion of its principal cities and towns on its Atlantic sea board, and at the certain risk of bringing upon the coasts of its southern and its western States a servile war, waged by the free blacks of St. Domingo and the British West India Islands, reinforced by their emancipated brethren of Cuba and the cruelly used slave races of Georgia, Ala bama, and the Carolinas. There are ye other disabilities pressing upon America, which must incapacitate her, or paralyse her powers of re sistance. An influence to which her utilitarian spirit will be far more susceptible, we opine, than to suggestions of moral justice, or national dignity, is sapping, if we may credit the American papers, the foundation of her political existence. Bankruptcy appears to be fast gaining ground from the ex tremities to the heart of the Union. A paper says :—" The interest upon the funded debt of the Commonwealth, in August, will not be paid. That you may rely on. It is utterly impossible ' under existing circumstances,' says a prominent Member of the House." This is, to say the least of it, a graceful attitude t o assume at the commencement of a struggle in which the wealthiest and most powerful empire of the Old World is to be defied! But it is an exquisite commentary on the balderdash of the New York Herald, which reasons on the rhodomontades of Irish agitation excitement in Dublin, as if they were all Gospel truths, or calculated to scare one English bosom, the resolution of which has once been formed, on a question of national honour, and sym pathies, such as that of the Oregon. But here we pause. It is by no means our intention to do the New York Bobadil the honour of repeating his miserable little barkings at British greatness. Madrid journals of the 4th inst. have been received• The Chamber of Deputies had adopted by a large majority a resolution authorising the Government to regulate the public debt. During the discussion which took place the Minister of Finance said there was no in tention either to raise a new loan or increase the taxes. The interest of the debt was large, amounting to 330,000,000 reals (3,300,0001.), but Spain had ample means to meet all her engagements, provided she be well governed, and the resources at her disposal be pro perly applied. The Chamber was to take into consideration on the sth inst. the project of law lately presented by the Minister of the Interior, authorising him to negotiate a loan of 15,000,000 reals, to be applied to the construc tion of roads. The Three per Cents. closed at 34 for cash, and 35t at 60 days; the Five per Cents. at 254 at 60 days; and the Debt without Interest, at 8 13-16 at 60 days. The Bill for arming the fortifications of Paris has been adopted in the Chamber of Deputies, by a ma jority of 227 to 131—majority. 96. The clause for depositing the artillery in the town of Bourges, not to be removed but in the event of war, was agreed to, with the consent of the Government. The affair is thus settled to the satisfaction apparently of all parties, with the exception, perhaps, of the Marquis DE LA ROCHEJAQUELIN, and a few other Legitimatists. In reference to this Bill, the Journal des Debats makes these remarks :—" Every ene is agreed as to two points —first, that hi time of peace the fortifications of Paris should not be armed ; and, secondly, that in order to quiet every apprehension, the artillery to be employed on the fortifications should not be placed too near the capital. Marshal SOULT, President of the Council, when he introduced the Bill, at present before i rt l ie iz e r rfl y ye s can t toirdo.ensm. military the Chamber,. designated Bourges as the town in which . it was proposed to deposit the artillery and proposed, storesb3' Committee ailnt on nn additional d th e e d ß fo il re l l h athu as es e a ,f f ot t hr e ta r itfi n: eh a s military tions of Pans shall be deposited at Bourges, and shall THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, MAY 13, 1845. not be transported to Paris except in case of war. M. BETHMONT by his amendment required that the artillery should not be removed to Paris except by virtue of a special law. We candidly confess that we find no essential difference between M. BETIIMONT'S amend ment and the clause proposed by the Committee. The guarantee is the same. The Bill having . declared that artillery cannot be transported to Paris except in case of war, suppose that a Minister was so audacious as to violate the clause of the Bill, and to arm the fortifications in time of peace, or under a pretext of war, not really serious, would not the Chambers be at hand? And can it be seriously asserted that ;n order to encompass Paris with cannon a Ministry would violate the constitution ? But it is manifest that a Mi nistry which would be capable of making such an attack on the fundamental law of the kingdom, on the Cham bers, and on the entire nation, would not be arrested by a clause in a Bill. Whether the law shall so declare it or not, the period at which the fortifications of Paris should be armed will ever be a Parliamentary question as long as there shall exist in France a constitution. The charter does not declare that the Chambers shall discuss questions of peace and war. It says apparently the contrary. It declares that the KING may declare war and conclude treaties of peace ; and still a single example cannot be given of the KING having declared war or signed a peace without the intervention of the Chambers. It is not solely because treaties of peace, like declarations of war, almost always induce a vote Ibr supplies—it is because Ministers are responsible for every act of the ICING, and that as a last result every act must be discussed at the tribune." According to the Revue de Paris, a grand congress of kings and queens will take place at Paris in the course of the ensuing summer. That journal says : " The report that several crowned heads are soon to arrive at Paris is daily more and more confirmed. Well informed persons affirm that this meeting of ' constitutional' sovereigns will take place in July. The illustrious personages who are to be the guests of the King of the French are the Queen of England, the young Queen of Spain, tlke King and Queen of Naples, and the King of Holland. Louis Philippe and his family will do those several sovereigns the honours of France and Paris. The Duke and Duchess de Nemours will go and meet her Britannic Majesty, who will first arrive ; the Prince de Joinville will repair to the frontier of Spain in order to re ceive the young Queen of that country ; the Duke d'Aumale will proceed to Maiseilles and receive his uncle, the King of Naples ; and the Duke de Montpensier will receive the King of Holland, who will come by sea, and land at Dunk - irk. In order to give a suitable reception to those august visitors, the apartments formerly occupied at the Louvre by Henry IV. will be, in addition to the Tuileries, thoroughly repaired and sumptuously furnished." _ _ The Journal des Debaits publishes extracts from let ters received from Macao, announcing that there is a probability of the revocation of the law in China against the propagation of the Christian religion, but we can place no confidence in the accounts transmitted to that journal from China, for they are generally either mere rumours or some fictions of the writer. The following is the statement : " We have received letters from Macao containing intel ligence which, if it be confirmed, will produce a lively sensa tion in Europe, and do great honour to the French mission in China. It is nothing less than the abolition of the religious edicts which forbids the Chinese to embrace and practise Christianity. We know that these edicts, after having been revoked under the reign of the Emperor Khan Hi, were again brought into force,'about a century ago, on the advice of the Tribunal of Rites ; and, until these latter times, at least, have been put into execution by the Chinese magistrates with the utmost rigour. Thus Christianity has found a double ob stacle to its introduction into the middle empire; for, on one hand, were the laws which interdicted foreigners from penetrating into the interior of the empire ; and, on the other hand, the Chinese who, if left to themselves, would be inclined to embrace the religion of the Gospel, are restrained by the pains and penalties denounced by the edicts. It is these edicts which it is now in contemplation to abolish. To obtain this abo lition, the French mission, as may be well believed, could not make any direct propositions to the Chinese commissioners. It was only by influential means that it ought or could act. Thus the first overtures came from the Chinese negotiators themselves, from Ki Yng, the representative of the Emperor, and from the treasurer, Hu An. Ki Yng has a liberal and philosophical mind. Far from having any prejudice or anti pathy against Christianity, he repeats, both in personal con ference and in his written correspondence, that a religion which forbids evil and commands good cannot be a false one. He adds, that as this religion is professed by the great Em peror of the French, and by the noble nation of which he is sovereign, the abolition of the law which forbids its exercise in China would be the best means of confirming a friendly alliance between the two countries. In a word, he offered his mediation with the Emperor and the Tribunal of Rites to obtain a revocation of the anti-Christian edicts." The papers publish accounts from Algiers to the Ist inst., giving details of the stuck made by the Kabyles on a French convoy, which had left Tenez for Orleknsville, in which some persons were killed on both sides, and ten French soldiers were made prisoners. Troops were assembling at Milianah for an expedition against thEse Kabyles, and Marshal BITGEAUD was to lea Algiers for that place on the 3d. No doubt re mained that ARD-EL-KADER was about to make another demonstration in some quarter, but it was uncertain where he would appear. No business of importance was done in the French Chambers on Saturday. On the Paris Bourse on Saturday the Three per Cents. closed at 86f. 15c.; the New Loan, at 86f. 60c.; the Five per Cents., at 121 f. 10c. ; Orleans Railroad shares, 1,2151. ; Rouen, 1,020 f. ; Vierzon, 820 f.; Havre, 870 E; Avignon, 1,0001.; Basle, 2681. 75c.; Belgian Two-and. a•.llalf per Cents., 62f. 20c. ; Spanish Actives, 401. Spanish Three per Cents., 42f.; Spanish Passives, Bf. SHARES IN THE NEW LINES. Orleans and Bordeaux, 210 f. to 225 f. premium ; Boulogne, 170 f. ditto ; Troyes and Montereau, 67f. 50c. ; Paris and Lyons (Lafitte), 18f. 50c. ; ditto (Ganneron), Bf. 50c. ; Northern Line (Lafitte), 30f; ditto (Rosamel), 7f. 50c. ; Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie), 121. 50c. ; ditto (O'Neill), 32f. 50c. ; Lyons and Avignon (Lecointe), 30f. ; ditto (Talabot), 32f. 50c. ; ditto (Compagnie Meridionale), 12f. 50c. ; Bordeaux and Toulouse (Mackenzie), sf. ; ditto and Cette (Espeleta), 17f. 50c ; Ci elle and St. Quen tin, If. 50 c. ; Paris and Stras burgo, 825 f., for the e n d (Ganneron), 15f. ; Dijon and Mulhau sen , 61 .25 c. LYONS, MAY 7.—Avignon a n d Marseilles 1,038 f. for the o e l f iAd mo2 o af f y. 3 f:3 1 ra Orleans the eea P rl a , s 5 r t i a s hn a d; nc Orleans ro O lred r a l en e a a su n ani s : d 7 ‘ l, l 2 , i fe ci ; ditto; Boulogne, 665 f. Paris and Rouen, r n ditto ; Montereau, 580 f., ditto. COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FROM OUR OWN CORRYSPONDINT.) ROYAL VISIT TO OSBORNE. At six o'clock the Lightning steamer arrived off Osborne House, and her Majesty and suite embarked in the barge, intending to land on the sands, but it being dead low water, and the royal barge drawing 4 feet water, it could not be accomplished; she was therefore rowed round by Norris Castle into Cowes harbour, and a landing made at East Cowes. Royal salutes were fired from the several R.Y.S. yachts in the roads, from the Castle , ROC.S. House, and from a Swedish barque. Her Majesty was received on her landing by the Earl of Errol and his daughter, with whom her Ma jesty most cordially shook hands, as did Prince Albert. The Corporation of Newport propose presenting an address to her Majesty, if she will allow her privacy to be intruded on by their visit ('tis strange her Majesty's known wish for retirement should be so intruded on), and no small confusion has been created amongst the Mayor, Aldermen, and Coun cillors to obtain suitable dresses, they never before having appeared in corporation robes. But for the passage of the royal barge up the harbour, nobody at Cowes would be aware of the Royal Family being so near them. Almost the whole of the supplies necessary for the royal establishment are found at Osborne, or supplied from London ; and the town is as dull and quiet as in mid winter. There are very few houses taken, much lass than in any former season. It is supposed that her Majesty's talked-of visits prevents those coming who generally resort here at this season ; and her Majesty bringing no company, and living so strictly private, there are no calls for accom modation for visitors, and trade suffers accordingly. of France (Rosamel), 2 1 4 ; Paris and Lyons (Laffitte's), English, 2 7 ; Paris and Lyons (Ganneron'a), 2%; Sambre and Meuse, 10s. ; Tours and Nantes, 58s. 6d. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, MAY 10.—The sales are :—Barnsley Junction, 54 1/8 ; Birkenhead, Manchester, and Cheshire Junction, 10% 3 / 4 ; Birmingham and Glouces ter, New Shares, 4% ; Caledonian, 11 ; Cambridge and Lin coln, 7 3 4 ; Churnet Valley, 6% ' • Clitheroe Junction, 2 13-16 prem. ; Direct Northern, 3 1 / 2 ; Dublin and Galway, 4; Eastern Counties, 19 11-16; Glasgow and Dumfries, 255. 265. ' • Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal, 7 1 4 ; Leeds and Thirsk, 6 ; Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manches ter, 10%; Leeds and West Riding Junction, 11 9% ' • Lon don and Windsor, 10s. prem. ; London and York, 4 1 A %; Manchester and Birmingham, 57 1 A ; Ditto, New Quarters, 7 1 4 % ; Manchester and Buxton, 5%; Manchester and Leeds, 149; Ditto, Half Shares, 67 1 / 66 1 / 2 ; Ditto, Quarter Shares, 19 ; Ditto, Sixteenth Shares, 8 ; Newark and Sheffield, 4%; North Wales, 3; North Western. 44 ; Nottingham and Mansfield, 2%; Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction, 1% 3 / 4 ; South-Eastern, No. 1, 14 3 / 4 ; Ditto, No. 3, 6 3 / 4 %; Southport and Euxton, 2 3 ✓ ; Trent Valley Continuation and Holyhead Junction, 2% % ' • Welsh Midland, 2 prem. ; West Yorkshire, 3%; Great Northern of France (English), 5% %. Some curious statistics of banking firms in the metropolis are given by Mr. Gilbert in an analysis from the Parliamen tary returns, completed since the new Act came into opera tion, He states that:— " The particulars required to be returned by the Act, and stated in the Gazette are the name of the firm or Company ; the name, residence, and occupation of the persons of whom the Company or partnership consists, and the ipame of the place or places where the business is carried on. "The London banking establishments consist of sixty part nerships, each not having more than six partners, and of five public companies, which are usually styled joint-stock banks. The former may be divided into three classes:- 1. Those who are members of the Clearing-house. 2. Those located east of Temple-bar, but are not members of the Clearing-house. 3. Those located west of Temple-bar, " The names of 40 of the private banking firms end in Co.' In 3 instances there is no partner represented by the Co.' In 17 instances the Co.' represents the partners of the same name as other partners mentioned in the firm. There are 13 instances in which the name of the firm does not correspond with the names of the partners, and three in which the names do not occur in the same order. " In the firm of Messrs. Barnett, Hoares, and Co., there are three partners of the name of Hoare. In the firm of Messrs. Charles Hoare and Co., there are five partners of the same name. The firm of Jones and Son is represented by Mr. Alfred Jones. There is also a partner named Jones in the Smithfield Agency Banking Company. In the firm of Messrs. Glyn, Halifax, Mills, and Co., there are two part• ners of the name of Mills. In the firm of Messrs. Curries and Co., there is also a partner of the same name. In the firm of Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths, there are five partners named Smith. There is also a partner of the name of Smith in the firm of Messrs. Child and Co. In the firm of Messrs. Williams, Deacon, and Co. there are two partners of the name of Williams. There is also a partner of the name of Williams in the firm of Messrs. Cockburn and Co. ; and there is a partner of the same name in the firm of Messrs. Ransom and Co. "The total number of places at which the business of private bankers is carried on in London is sixty—of which forty seven are to the east, and thirteen to the west of Temple bar. " The occupation of the partners—all are described simply as bankers, except Sir John W. Lubbock, who is described as a merchant, and Mr. Young, of the firm of Weston and Young, who is described as banker and brewer. " The residence of the Partners.—Three Banking firms have returned all their partners as resident at the place where the business is carried on. Three other firms have each two partners resident on the bank premises. Seven others have each a partner resident at, the bank. Most of the other bankers reside in London, or within an easy distance. Some reside at a considerable distance in the country." The market for the English Securities has to-day been tolerably firm. Consols for present transfer have been 98% to 99, and for Account 99 to 99%. Exchequer-bills are 545. to 565. premium, and East India Bonds 70s. to 71s. ; the New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. 100 3 / 4 to 100%. The steamer from Halifax is expected about Thursday next, but there is not by any means so much interest felt for the news she may bring upon the Oregon question, as before the Great Western arrived, since it is conceived that the matter will now be left to the calm consideration of the American and English Cabinets, the populace of the United States having been much less excited than usual. Bank Stock has im proved to 209 and 210, and India Stock to 278. The Foreign Funds are not quite so well supported as on Saturday. Spanish Three per Cents. have been 41%, and the Passive 8 1 1 4 to 8%. Portuguese Converted are 66 1 ,4 to 67, being an improvement. Mexican Bonds are quoted 37 1 / 8 ; Dutch Two-and -a-Half per Cents. have been 63% %; and Belgian Four per Cents., 99. There is a good deal of business doing in Railway Shares, and prices appear to be maintained in most instances. ONE CLOSING PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Reduced 3 per Cent. Consols New 3 1 4 per Cents 100% 3 / q 100% Long Annuities to expire Jan. 1860 11 1 / 4 11 1 4 Ditto 30 years, Oct. 10,1859 Ditto 30 years, Jan. 5, 1860 11% 11% India Stock India Bonds, 1,0001 .1/ ' Ditto under 1,000/. ...... 70 71 71 Consols for Account...... ..... Exchequer Bills, 1,0001., 1 1 Ad. Ditto 5001. . Ditto Small ........ 56 54 57 pm. 57 ONE CLOSING PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES. Columbian Bonds, ex Venezuela. 15% Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1837......... Ditto, Account 37% 37% Ditto. Deferred Portuguese Bonds, 5 per Cent Ditto, Converted 6676% 77 77 _ SSpanishs per Cent. 1840. Ditto, Passive Ditto 3 per Cent. Ditto, Account 41% 41 __ 71 .... Belgian 4 per Cent. Dutch, 2 1 / 2 per Cent Ditto, 4 per Cent., Certific 97% 97% PRICES OF CLOSING PAID. A ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES BAILWAY SHARES Aberdeen Armagh, Coleraine, and Portrush l% Birming. and Gloucesterloo 136 135 Ditto 1 / 2 Shares Bristol and Exeter Do. New Bristol and Gloucester... 30 ...... 59 Caledonian Cambridge and Lincoln 1 1 / 2 ...... 7%% Chester and Holyhead... 5 Chichester and Brighton 10 -4 / --A Churnet Valley Coventry, Bedworth, and Nuneaton ........ ...... 1 1 4 ...... Cornwall 1 4 Direct Northern Dublin and Belfast June. 2% Dublin, Belfast, and Coleraine Dublin and Galway-- 2 1 A 4 3 3 / 4 3 3 /4 Dublin and Mullingar... 9 % 4 14 4 14 Eastern Counties 25 ... 19 7 / 8 % Ditto Perpetual, 5 per Cent, Isio. 1....5/. 13s. 411 l ts Iy 2 Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 Ditto, New Quarters.. 2 1 / 2 6 Great South. and West. (Ireland) Ditto Extension Great North of England..loo Ditto New Ditto New Great Western BO ......184 186 184 lB6 Ditto % Shares 5O 104 Ditto Fifths Guildford, Fare'm,Ports, 2 1 /..... 4 3 / 4 Hull and Selby 5O lO6 105 ... . ... 104% Ditto Quarter Shares 12% 22% 22 1 , London and Birminghm (Stock) Do. New Thirds London and Blackwell. 16/. 13s. 4d. TB% ...... London and Brighton... 50 London and Croydon, 13/. 15s. 9d. 18 4 17% Do. New l3s 4d % Do. Guaranteed 5 per Cent. London and Greenwich 12/ 15s 4d... 11 Do. Preference ...18117s 2d 24li 2 4 14 London and S. Western 411 6s 10d 78 Do. New London and York 2%.. 4 1 4% 4 14 London, Salisbury, and Yeovil Londonderry &Coleraine 2 1 / L...... 3 3 / 4 3l /2 Londonderry and Ennis killen 2 I,E 4 Lynn and Ely Manchester and Leeds... 73 Do. % Shares Do. Quarters Do. Sixteenths ..... ... 2 1 4 7 14 7 3 /4 Manchester and Birmin. 40 — Do. Quarters 4 .... 9 Midland... 100 Do. New Midland,l3irm.,Derby 100 116 Newcastle and Darling. ton Junction ... 25 ...... 48 Do. New Brandling... 10 Newcastle and Berwick VA 121434 13 Newry and Enniskillen. 2 1 f ; ..... 4 3 / 4 % 4 Newark and SLeffield ... 1 A 4% . 4Xi North British Do., New ... ..... ..... 1 Northern and Eastern... 45 North Kent - North Wales Perth and Inverness ... 21 2 . 2% Rugby, Worstr, & Tring 1 Scottish Central South Eastern & Dover 33/ 2 s 4d... 39 40 Do., No. 1 8 Do., No. 2. Do., No. 3 South Wales .. 2% .... 5 1 / 2 - 5 14 Trent Valley 2 ... . 18 1 4% 18 ... .. 18 Trent Valley and Holy head Junction Waterford and Kilkenny 1 West Yorkshire ...... Wilts, Somerset, & Wey mouth mouth Yarmouth and Norwich. 20 York and North Midland 50 . Ditto 1 / 2 Shares ...... .. 25 FRENCH RAILWAY. Boulogne and A miens... 4 10 •. 10 Dijon and Mulh ouse ... 2 Great North. of France.. 4 Do. do. (Rosamel's 2 Jamaica Junction........ I% 4% 4% Lyons and Avignon Namur and Liege Orleans and Bordeaux... 2 ...... 10 1 ,i ...... .. Over Yssel 413 s 4d 54% 'A Paris & Lyons, Laflitte's 2 Paris and Lyons, Gan neron's, ... .. ............ 2 Paris & Lyon s , (C a l on ' s) 2 1 7 Paris and Rouen ......... 20 42 Royal North of S pain ... 2 Sambre and Meuse ~... 4 Within the last few weeks a new disease has been very prevalent in the dairies in and around the metropolis. It chiefly attacks cattle in the hinder extremities, paralysing the mow__ FLANDERS MAIL. BRUSSELS, May 7.—A dreadful catastrophe, which public report however exaggerated, occurred on Monday last about eleven o'clock in the morning. It was an explosion of fire damp at More. The workmen above ground were astonished at seeing a thick smoke arise from the shaft, as they had not heard any explosion ; not seeing any of the workmen come out, they gave notice to the direc tor, who immediately descended into the shalt with two other per sons ; on arriving at the bottom they found a number of men more or less mutilated and burnt, but still alive, and a greater number already dead. It was ascertained that ninety-four men had gone down the shaft, of whom twenty.seven escaped uninjured ; twenty. five were brought out mutilated and burnt, of whom two died im mediately, thirty-four were found dead, and it is certain that five are still buried under the rubbish. It appears certain from the testimony of the survivors, that the disaster was Caused by the imprudence of a workman who dis. obeyed the chief orders which he had received. This workman has escaped unhurt. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. (From The Sun of Last Night.) The Cotton market at Liverol on Saturday was quiet, only 2,000 bales finding buyers—they all went to the trade. Th ere was no c hange in prices. A better business was done in Shares :—Aberdeen Railway, 78s. 9d.; Barnsley Junction, 5 1 7 i, . 4%; Birken head, Man c h es t er , an d C heshire, 10% -1 / 2 I Blackburn, Darwen, and B o lt on , 5/ . Is. 6d. ; B e lf as t and Ballymena, 8 1 / 1 . % ; Bolton, Wig an , an d Li verpoo l, 10% 3 / 4 ; Cale donian, 11/. 111.6 5 . 3d . ; Di tto Extension, 2 1 " 4 ; Cambridge and Lincoln, 7 % % ; Chester and Birkenhead , 51 % 50 ; Chester and Holyh ea d, 16 1 , . Kil larney, 2 is ' Churnet Valley, 64 %; Cli theroe Junction, 2% ; Cork 5 / 4 ; Co r k an d W aterford, 2 % A ; and Bandon, 8 ; Cork and Belfast Junction, 11 ; Dublin and Galway, 4% ; Dublin, Mulliugar, and Athlone, 41/ ; Dublin and A Dundalk and Enniskillen, 5% 47 ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 64 • Glasgow and Dumfries, 14; Grand Junction, 230 ; Ditto, Shares, 20; Great Grimsby and Sheffield, 6 ; Great North of England, 30/. Shares, 20V, ; Jamaica Junction 2% 3%; ; Limerick and Waterford, 8 ; Liverpool, Ormskir ' k ' an d Preston, 2 % ; Lon don and Birmingham, Quarter Shares 32% ; London and Brighton, 624 ; London an d Windsor, 3,4 10s. 6d. ; London derry and Enniskillen, 4. 8 ; London and York, 4 3 / 4 ; Direct Northern, 3% 3/. 55.; Leeds and Dewsbury, 104 ; Leeds and Thirsk, 53; Leeds and West Riding Junction, 9% 104 ; Manchester and Birmingham, New Shares, 714; Man chester and Buxton, 54 ; Manchester, Sheffield, and Mid. land Junction, 6; Manchest er an d Leeds, 150 149; Ditto, Half Shares, 66 65%; Ditto, Quarter - Shares, 18 19%; Mid land Railway, 155 ; Ditto, 40/. Shares, 18 %; Newcastle and Berwick, 13 1 ,6 ; Newry and Enniskillen, 4 1 / ; North Union, A, 144%; North-Western, 4 1 / %; North Wales, 3% ; Oxford and Birmingham Juncti on , 3% 4 ; Oxford, Wor cester, and Wolverhampton, 41s. 6d. 2; Preston and Wyre, 30 ; Sheffield and Manchester, 116 115; Ditto, Quarter Shares, 14; Sheffield and Lincoln, 365. 6d. ; Shrewsbury and Grand Junction, - 3 4 ; Shrewsbury, Oswestry, and Cheshire, 4% % ; South-Eastern and Dover, New Shares, No. 3,6% 11 s. 6d. ; Scottish Central, 6% 5 / 8 ; South Wales, 54 ; Trent Valley, R I 1 , i - - 4 ; Waterford and Kilkenny, 3% ; Welsh Midland, 41s. ; West Yorkshire, 3%; Worcester and Tring, 4% ; York and Carlisle, 2% 4 ; Austrian and Sar dinian, 4s. ; Boulogne and Amiens (English), 93 / 4 ; Northern SUMMARY OF NEWS AND VI übltt taptuton. " Who runs may read." FORLIGN. The following is the report presented by the Committee appointed to examine the Bill relative to the railroad from Paris to the Belgian frontier, with a branch line to Calais and Dunkirk :—" The Minister of Public Works is au thorised to grant the concession of the lire by public com petition, his permission, however, being required to enable persons to send in tenders. The maximum of the lease was fixed by the Government at forty-five years ; this has been reduced by the Committee to thirty-threP years. The caution money of 30,000,000 f. required by the Government is fixed at 45,000,000 f. by the Committee, but the latter calls for the payment of a further sum of 9,000,000 f. within a fortnight after the approval of the adjudication. The responsibility of the original subscribers, carried by the Bill to five-tenths of the amount of the shares subscribed for, is reduced by the Committee to four-fifths." The Chambers are expected to close their labours this session earlier than usual. According to the present appear ances they will be able to adjourn about the end of June. The Committee on the Budget has got through its labours, and the report will be laid before the Chamber on Wednes day next. A Berne journal announces, that on the 6th instant the Government a that Canton had despatched M. Aubry, a member of the Grand Council, to solicit a pardon for Dr. Steiger, who had been condemned by the criminal tribunal of Lucerne to be executed. The locusts, which had appeared in swarms on different points of the African coast, showed themselves, for the first time, near Algiers on the 30th ult. At Khadrah, to the west of the Fondouk, they devoured all the grass and leaves of the trees. Several flights alighted early in the morning of that day near the Maison Carrie, and numbers fell in the Place Royale; at two o'clock in the afternoon, however, they had completely vanished. Those insects are yellow, a couple of inches in length, and maintain themselves and direct their course in the air as easily as birds. Mr. Bulwer was to leave Madrid for England on the 13th. A letter from Berlin, May 2, in the Nuremberg Cor respondent, states that the latest news from St. Petersburgh announce that towards the end of the month the Emperor will accompany the Empress as far as Warsaw, whence her Majesty is to proceed to Berlin to consult the medical men, and learn what baths she ought to repair to. At a later period the Emperor is to proceed to Berlin to escort back her Majesty. According to a Berlin letter of the 4th, in a Frankfort journal, the northern powers, finding it impossible to induce Don Carlos to come to any arrangement with the Spanish Government, feel disposed to recognize Queen Isabella. The Franconian Mercury contains a letter from Munich, May 2, which states that a duel having taken place there between a Portuguese and an attaché of the French Em bassy, about a lady to whom the former was betrothed, the attaché has been suspended by M. Guizot from his func tions, and his passports having been delivered to him, he had taken his departure from Munich. COURT-FASHIONABLE. Lady Charles Wellesley and her infant son are both pro gressing as favourably as could be desired. Viscount Melbourne left his residence in South-street, on Saturday last, for Brocket Hall, Harts, for the holiday. Vis count and Viscountess Jocelyn went to Brocket Hall on Saturday afternoon, and Lord and Lady Beuvale were to join the family party there ; but his Lordship had experi enced an attack of gout, which obliged him to defer his de parture until yesterday. Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston have gone to Broad lands, his Lordship's seat, near Romsey, Hants, for the re cess. The Duke of Sutherland, accompanied by the Marquis of Stafford, has made arrangements to leave Stafford House at the end of the week for Scotland, with the view of going over his extensive estates in that country. The Duchess and family remain in town. The Duke of Rutland, accompanied by a family party, in tends to embark at the close of the ensuing month on his Grace's usual aquatic excursion, on board the Resolution schooner-yacht, now lying at Southampton. The Earl and Countess of Orford and Lady Dorothy 'Wal pole, after a protracted residence at Rome and Naples, re turned from the Continent last week. The Noble Earl and Countess came direct from Rome to England. Lord and Lady Walpole, with the Hon. Lady Pellew, are still residing at Rome. The Earl of St. Germans entertained at dinner on Satur day the Earl and Countess of Morley, Lord Granville Somer set, Sir James and Lady Graham, Lady Georgiana and Miss Stuart Wortley, the Hon. Colonel, Mrs. and Miss Dawson Darner, &c. Sir John Cam Hobhouse had a grand dinner party on Saturday at his mansion, in Hill• street. The Russian Minister, the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Marquis of Bread albane, Mr. Samuel Rogers, and Mr. Lockhart, were among the guests of the Right Hon. Baronet. DICISCEI ZAN3EOUS. The Bishop of London on Saturday last consecrated the new edifice, which has just been erected in Endell-street, leading from Long•acre into Broad-street, Holborn, &c., by voluntary contributions, for the purpose of affording the poor of the surrounding neighbourhood the means of attending Divine service, &c. The church, which is of plain design, is in the Gothic style. The interior is fitted up with open seats, and the ceilings, which are composed of wood, display portions of the roof. The east and west windows are fitted with painted glass. The only deviation in the building from modern ecclesiastical architecture, is the erection of galleries, a mode of accommodation of late scarcely adopted, The ceremony of consecration was witnessed by several persons, including many of the class for which the locality is so pro verbial. All the sittings will be free. The grand national archery meeting is to be held this year at Knavesmire, near York. Upwards of five hundred members of the principal clubs will compete for the prizes. The meet ing will be held on the 25th and 26th.ofJune. A woman who was incautiously sitting on the bulwark of a Greenwich steamer yesterday fell backwards into the water when off St. Katherine's Dock, but was fortunately rescued by prompt assistance with a boat-hook. _ _ _ A rati nest, containing no fewer than thirty-five ratlings, was found, last week, in a pig-stye, belonging to John Jack son, of Pasture House, Lytham. Some time since an officer in the Guards laid the odds of 2001. to 3001. with Mr. Bragg, the proprietor of the North Star Inn, at Slough, that he could not produce a man on Friday, the 16th of May, who would run twenty miles within two hours. Mr. Bragg has had four or five celebrated pe destrians in training ever since the bet was made, he not being compelled, according to the articles of the match, to name the man until he is brought to the post to start. The celebrated runner known as the North Star will, it is ex pected, be the party selected to attempt the feat, which, if accomplished, will be one of the most extraordinary under takings ever attempted. The match will come off in the immediate neighbourhood of Slough. Betting, at present, is 5 to 3, and 2 to 1, on time. Last week the anniversary meeting of the Indigent Blind Visiting Society, of which her Majesty the Queen Dowager is patroness, was held at the Music-hall, Store-street ; Lord Robert Grosvenor, Esq. M.P., in the chair. The report read by the secretary stated, that since the establishment of the Association 370 aged and destitute blind persons had par taken of its benefits, and there were at present on the books 151 who regularly received spiritual instruction and temporal relief, while several received pensions and had had lodgings provided for them. The report having been approved of, and several motions acknowleding the utility of the Society carried, thanks were given to the 'Noble Chairman, and the meeting separated. A curious document has just been issued by Parliament, in relation to the convict establishments at Portsmouth, Chat ham, and Woolwich ; and at Bermuda and Gibraltar, where are stationed the hulks employed for the confinement of offenders under sentence of transportation. It thence appears that, during the year ending 31st December last, there were eleven hulks for this service, six of which are in various home ports, four at Bermuda, and one (the Owen Glendower) at Gibraltar. The expense of this convict establishment was, dur ing the year, 54,6861 ; and the total earnings from the labour performed by such convicts amounted to no leas a sum than 62,195/. Of this amount, 23,0951. were the earnings of con victs on the hulks in this country, 30,348/. at Bermuda, and 14511 at Gibraltar. On the Ist of January, 1844, there were on board the several huiks 3,550 convicts; and during .the course of the year there were received in addition 286, making a total remaining, on the 31st December last, of 3,160, after deducting 601 who were discharged, and 75 who died on board the hulks. The numbers were divided in the following proportion :-2,202 in England, 1,350 in Bermuda, and 313 in Gibraltar. On Whit-Sunday from forty to fifty thousand persons are supposed to have passed down the Thames from below bridge, in the various steamers, of wdich they were nearly 100. WHITSUNTIDE EXCURSIONS AND FAIRS. On Sunday the morning was ushered in with merry peals from the church bells, and at an early hour thousands of well dressed people were making their way to the numerous steam-boat piers on the river, and to the terminus of the Dover and Brighton Railways at London-bridge, for the pur pose of escaping the smoky atmosphere of the cal ital and enjoying themselves in the country. The cheap excursion trains on the Dover and Brighton trains carried upwards of 20,000 persons from London at half-fares, which are to be con• tinned during the holidays. The steamers, of which there were as many as a hundred in requisition above and below bridge, came in for a large share of traffic. Before eleven o'clock thirty steamers left the Watermen's Adelphi pier for Greenwich, Woolwich, and Gravesend, and also for Putney, Fulham, Richmond, and other places up the country, and they were all filled. The Watermen's steamers, a fleet of thirteen vessels, carried 27,000 passengers during the day between Woolwich, Greenwich, and London, and as many were taken up and down the river in the boats of the old companies. The boats of the iron and wooden companies conveyed immense numbers to Vaux hall, Battersea, and Chelsea during the day, and occasionally they were fearfully overcrowded, and some times rolled from side to side in a frightful manner. There were twenty Gravesend steamers in requisition, and some of them made more than one trip. Between the hours of eight o'clock in the morning and two in the afternoon 17,000 persons had landed at the Terrace Pier, Town Quay, the Floating Pier, and the Rosherville landing place, at Northfleet. The trains on the Greenwich and Blackwall Railways were running every quarter of an hour, and the tea-gardens and other places of resort in the suburbs of the metropolis were filled with company. The beautiful park at Greenwich, the favourite resort of the Londoners, presents a rich and verdant appearance. The late rains have improved it vastly, and the gay multitude were scattered among the hills, the dales, and the shaded walks, and the usual diver sion of running up and down the far-famed One-tree Hill, was indulged in by the lads and lasses, who seemed content with the cheapest amusement. The country in and about Woolwich, Blackheath, and Shooters' Hill, was thronged with visitors. The morning was fair and warm, and pro mised a favourable day, which promise was not disappointed. There will be three fairs during the holidays, Greenwich, Stepney and Wandsworth. The first is on the old spot, and Richardson's theatre, and Alger's Crown and Anchor booth are, as usual, the principal attractions. Stepney fair will be held on two large fields near the Thames Police-office. One has been laid out by Mr. Pituson, whose theatrical booth is the principal feature, and opposite to it are Hylton's and Wombwell's menageries. The old field has been laid out by Mr. John Stevens, the celebrated Essex higgler, whose mon ster booth, 400 feet long, and 54 feet wide, for music, refresh ment, and dancing, is placed in a conspicuous situation, and is surrounded by a fives-court, Clarke's equestrian circus, Powell's equestrian circus, the large Cricketer's booth, con ducted by Mr. Nicks, of the Cricketers, in London. street, Beckett's decorated booth, of the same dimensions, and va rious others. Both fields contain a great number of minor exhibitions, swings, and merry-go-rounds in profusion. DIEPPE, MAY B.—the Magnet steam-packet has just arrived from Brighton, after a fine passage of seven hours, with several parties of distinction for Paris, among whom was Lady Betchen. As a man on Thursday last was digging S %Tains wick Wood, Bath, he found Laztahillings of the reign of George 111. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by toeri of Leiningen, walked yesterday morning in the g ds or Osborne House. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Prin. _ cess Royal were taken airings yesterday in t he vicinity of Osborne House. The Very Reverend the Dean of Westminster took his de parture from Osborne House yesterday forenoon. The Princess Alice was taken an airing in the parks and royal gardens of Buckingham Palace yesterday morning, ac companied by the Dowager Lady Lvitelton. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager took an airing yesterdaf in a carriage, and visited Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester at Gloucester House. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridr and the Herediiary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh trelite visited the Queen Dowager yesterday at Marlborough House. We are authorised to state that the statement that her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent will give another soiree dansante on Friday next, the 17th irst. is incorrect. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended lof Lady Anna Maria Dawson, left town at twenty minutes past ten o'clock yesterday morning, in a carriage and four, lut her residence, Frogmore House, near Windsor. Her Rog Highness returned to Clarence House, St. James's, sherd/ before six o'clock. O Av. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attend b y Anna Maria Dawson, and Colonel Sir George Coro,r, he moured the performance of the French Plays with r sence yesterday evening. Their Ro3 al Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of CL I : bridge, and the Hereditary Grand Duke and Grand Phe h u eo of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, honoured the Duke and Duir of Montrose with their company at dinner yesterdaf• The Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden visited the `4"4egg Dowager yesterday at Marlborough House, and the Deo: less of Gloucester at Gloucester House. Her Royal H i e ee honoured the Countess ofJersey*with a visit at her resi_uciefleo in Berkeley-square. In the afternoon the Grand Da t i. visited her daughter, the Marchioness of Douglas, at her deuce in Connaught-place. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE' TATTERSALL'S—YESTEKDAY. THE SUFFOLK STAKES. 6 to 5 agst Mr. Salvin's Alice Hawthorn... 4sk° 5 to 1 agst Mr. Howe's Khorassan Cub 6 to 1 agst Sir J. Hawley's Bishop of Bovaford° 7 to 1 agst Mr. King's Young Lochinvar 8 to 1 agst Mr. Payne's Queen Mab •131 ig ho, Very little done on anything except the 151 ,.. $ 001 we understand, will be ridden by John Day, ju n ' all the horses engaged are on the spot. DERBY. 9 to 1 agst Mr. Forth's lot—taken a 2 to 1 agst Lord Stradbroke's Idas—taken 9 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Weatherbit 11 to 1 agst Mr. A. W. Hill's The Libel taken 14 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Pam—taken 14 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Pantasa 16 to 1 agst Mr. Greviile's Alarm 20 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfields's Newsmonge r 20 to 1 agst Mr. Gratwicke's Doleful—taken . 20 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Old England 33 to 1 agst Mr. Coleman's Young Eclipse- - tak en 35 to 1 agst Mr. A. W. Hill's Irenmaster—t akea 50 to l agst Lord Verulam's Maynooth. 50 to 1 agst Col. Cradock's Jinglepot 1000 to 15 agst Mr. Waller's Columbus—take n 2000 to 25 agst Mr. John Day's Wi nc h es ter--tak en n to A The horses most in request were Ides at 2 to 1, take- tot ed ' large amount ; Weatherbit and the Libel at the odds oog Old England at 25; 22 and 20 to 1, Doleful and al+ t Eclipse. Decidedly the greatest " pot" was 13.01 7,, - "bac k hough from the immense number of commissions - i v a ny him, and the extraordinary timidity of layers, ses ree red .s thing was done. Alarm fell back to 18 to 1, bat by couple of points before the close, his friends few, an' We any means " sweet." With regard to the Ironinastelsee ta are enabled to state that the Stewards met yesterdaT, a communication from Mr. A. W. Hill into cons ider - 81)u but that the question of qualification remains UlideCidett• OAKS. 6 to 1 agst Mr. Worthington's Lancashir e Witc 7 to 1 agst Mr. Bennett's Hope 8 to 1 agst Lord G. Beetinck's Rose of Cashm ere 11 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Lady Wildair 28 to 1 agst Mr. Rogers's Glee NEW MARKET SECOND SPRING ME For the convenience of those who may leave town 100 morning trains, the races will not commence this (14 half-past two or three o'clock. esterd a l A draft from Sir G. Heatheote's stud was sold Y by Messrs. Tattersall, the prices were low. RACO' NEWMARKET AND MA.NCHESTE R (FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT . ) the . 01 05 1 The Newmarket Second Spring Meeting, w idest , continuance of which so much has been said e nd Olt commences on Tuesday, and will manage to " drag p g. by length along" until Thursday. No count*" t ewn in e eting the . : land could have kept alive beyond one season meeting - with a programme similar to those furnished IV the _ears. market Second Spring Meeting during the las t fe ' v 2..es as But the Newmarket people are as bigoted to old of ctlstl7B, Lord Eldon was with regard to the introduction before thin o pr esent be a n form Bill, and I am afraid some years wil l elaesethe Jay meeting is (as has been so strongly urged) a"Th,„ t re are On' Meeting, which is almost as weak. On Tuesdaf p — oase , bring races. The Rowley Mile Plate will, as usasabl'otit dat out a new Derby favourite, or if the winner mend his sl 1837 in the betting, why he will of course to Ever e nbl' since Phosphorous won this race and th er oot bee Er s e u v m ery w b i o n d n y er h ; a b s a g t, on a e lth d o o ug wn h to it t h ry as a b n e d en di t s h co e V ra er eas i n to sea' duce many good colts to the public, such as Rat-trap,' o lf horse, &c., still I believe the sire of Lamplighter is 06 il i ks animal which can lay claim to have won both even"; a n the entries close this evening at Newmarket, of cours e not speculate on the winner. Iu the match, whientime-11; tween two very unfortunate yet spirited turfites, Sir " w ",... , Hawley and Lord Exeter, I lean to the former. area' Hawley nesday there are four races. I say four, because i n bability Panther will walk over for the 50 Sovereign Saog for four years' old. The Suffolk Stakes will be the le—bnt feature of the day. Eighteen horses are left ill' I do not expect the field will be a large dbe O r, Alice Hawthorne has, of course, the top weight assig ne to ot 9st. 41b., and if Heseitine thinks proper to send her, fancy she will have any difficulty in winning. l a w Lochinvat, with 7st. 51b., from not having been sent te o eta ter, where he was well in for the Free lian diell ,,,f ' fint: been no doubt reserved for this stake, and looking t o ning at Bath, where he beat Pug and St. Lawren ce ' t oy ' conceive, in the event of Alice not going, be there, °root. about. If Wee Pet did not belong to such an tilf°,od man as the Marquis of Exeter, with 6st. 13113., 1 sm a wi glien she could not be far off winning. The Bishop's Ceb, t° be the distance too far for him with 7st. 81b., if any fa it lo . 0 1 placed in his past performances. The same rensar k 10 to Minotaur. Khorassan, ist. 111 b., is a useful 11 0 700 s$ imagine more suited to the hill at Epsom, th an to .titc ot . Newmarket. Queen Mab, 7st. 31b., cannot compla in W Se e hurt by 'the handicapper, and I fully e 2 ci c ' ec ; whie lt her very forward in the race. The manner 111 bee she won the Goodwood Club Stakes la st l e :At a t ing Quebec and eight others, showe d u i s ites possessed speed and stoutness, two great reriweight too a race horse. Best Bower and Buzz will find th!,,, e ,W 111 :;, much for them. Ould Ireland, I should not invis• 6l/117A ter or e _„,af sent, as he is engaged at Gorhambury on °3 O re" - t able terms than he is here. Conrad cannot e bss th the_...; VV i ee t Fe d from the accident he met with while running s t gn en at the previous meeting, to make it likely tbat CO 4 . n him. Sir Francis, after having been beate n „0 Sec Ph tabus, I will not hear of. Fuzbos, Dealer* $ ;0; tbet have done nothing to warrant the public ae;:; 00 s fral Prologue will beat all the three years old , but coltisier; with sst. 51b., will be unable to get in front- /It w itil Loc le r; ,,„, therefore, if Alice goes, I expect to see her the she does not, why then the race will be lef t tO ya ng this invar, Wee Pet, or Queen blab. The other Ys eel s o, 71 1 " are merely plates. On Thursday, old Garr: 4°l3 'oo i ae matched against Lord Exeter's once flying mai* t er matter of course, I stand on the horse. . }kin g he The Manchester people have done wisely M — art of t'" meeting this week, as there are no races in t hat I t o S .el n ; country going on to prevent horses being sent , ea "" node; market meeting will only draw down the old stageropertins the general frequenters of races. There ar e net A ‘eisaceeetee race of people in the world than the good folks brass of t b , The love of racing pervades equally the Afi d it humble weaver as the wealthy manufacturer• sre ea' worthy of remark, that among no class of s pan; sisl; • gagements more honourably kept than am en g, i i be bo nester men. venture to say that there % lo cal money depending upon one race at this meetinget',. To t b wagered at Newmarket during the present the a • Manchester Cup there were 17 subscribers, th e a phil i i; • takeY dal e amount to 10 (Semiseria being left in by inis . 0 t ee- 0 Bst. 21b., and the Best of Three, 7st. 121 b., ar e . i ., 0 , 0 00 stable; een therefore it is impossible to say whie h _"",. try to win with : of the two, I should fancy the laL le o arle y h e ster , tat, of the Tyne, after her recent exhibition at C • o lture osit have. Cataract, of course, will not go. 1 4 13 goo to I think, as well remain at home. The l-'`" 00. 0 have no chance. Sinbad will not be as fort / 1 0 as his namesake. Marian Ramsay , I ain be abl e fto be too sore from her recent ru nning t° n or 11°- -lc win this race, which I leave to oote_agioa bello. The Filly Stakes on Wednesday, I ira of lefr. through Marian Ramsay, go into the Pee ket e A Gil vin. The only other that appear s to "S ee 000 1 5 ; in the race is Lord Eglinton's Pythia. T he ba nd; if . 0 . Ambition ought to win, if she is worth a L a y „ sto at _z ia does not go Lord Saltoun must win it. If th e 1 , , o bes_., deed, was two miles, instead of a mile and a Onal le .,io aIY" s in ta s n o d sh on or h t his L d o i r sta ds n h c ip, e. buTthelevlbict. iosriaagsotoadked97l.,oo: seems destined for Mr. Heseltine's Thalia. .r e an d Ds Sapido tb r ook, 01 b. course Cup The Best of Three, Miss 14 0 . e ft appear to be the best on paper. The Rural s7and the Poe race between Yellow Boy and Marian RarosaY ease- _ n . e d of Three ought to be the best o f all those 014 Broughton Stakes. TELEG the pro —O ha l ,athnhte;:eeri::::::et, gitwthi;oecrni:n m°ng I,h THE EDITOR OF THE ~0111;por SIR T , pose of la taken your prophetic pen 05)- reacleri sweepstakes, and nffodtr, hesep,ignogodnatnuhdmineiro,::actbtetetefroini_eecolttrouiegs d 'i' ll vv:it v . h m w r a i e t i k a ' r t t d i i nfS t ag o eteeb t :o he former, which commences °e a, t wo lot of the Da Stake .t s ford's cob and Celia, foreier' b icb e ke n ce : fl ' ai w aß, l u je e : Y a ' . Mile Plate, a plate of 5 two On Wednesd a y fall t° the 5 0 sous. sweepstakes - and Cob .sw. c7se e ll g p h . be won by we he Cob, o ther On Thursday Celia have 'ace ° Y to expert beating by Garry Owen. geotioi, Now for a few words on the Manchester 'tauld mare, with fmclodulerLi, baendetaeArerinfecf:ea:creboledhelebapeN‘b::•y tb -• ~s~. :ms ''' s