The Sun. — London, England, 1868-05-01 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS The Times points out that what the Ministry have to consider is, whether they will at once resign or persevere In holding office till they can appeal to the reformed con stituencies, and, until better informed, it must condemn the suggestion of an immediate dissolution as an inven tion put forward to work on the terrors of members, and which has signally failed of its effect. It is worth while to consider what it involves. The necessary business of supply is so much in arrear that it would be impossible with the greatest expedition that Parliament could be dissolved before the end of a month, or, in other words, before June. An appeal to the country would then be an appeal to the old discredited constitu encies and to the old limited class of voters. The result of it would be the return of such a Liberal majority that at the beginning of July Mr. Disraeli would be peremptorily ousted on a vote of want of con fidence, and a Liberal Government would be admitted to office itan,ediately before a prorogation. An autumnal or early eeseCon would follow for the pia: , of passing Scotch e .11 :reform Bills, imme:?iae erter which another ilissolution must ensue, in order that the newly enfranchised voters in the three kingdoms might re turn a Reformed Parliament. What excuse could be offered for this absurd and vexatious course of proceeding ? It was suggested by those who affected to believe in its possibility that the triumphs at Bristol, at Coekermouth, and in East Kent had intoxi cated the First Minister, and that he was bent upon hazarding everything on a throw of the dice. The excuse admits of examination as little as the proposal itself. The triumphs at Bristol and in Kent are capable of the most easy explanation, and it would be farcic;,l to crow over Cockermouth. There has always been a large Conserva tive party at Bristol and, indeed, at the last election but • one the late Sir Frederick Slade was defeatedby a majority of eighty. At the last election a Liberal of Liberals, a Dissenter of Dissenters, was accepted with enthusiasm as a member. Mr. Gladstone and Mr. Disraeli went out of their way last year—it is not clearly apparent why—to testify their admiration of Sir Morton Peto, but the revelations of the Bank ruptcy Court cannot have gratified the Liberals of Bristol. Some of them had not improbably, in reliance on their trusted member, taken shares in the London, Chatham, and Dover, or in his American railways. There is, of course, no connection between Sir Morton veto's creed and his financial speculations, but can it be surprising that when another Dissenter of Dissenters, another Liberal of Liberals, another enemy of licensed 'victuallers, a person, in a word, of the exact type of what Sir Morton Peto has been taken to be, ,resented himself in opposition to a banker of the city, • known to the constituents all his life, and whose family had been local divinities before the birth of the oldest elector, he should have been defeated by the enormous majority of 196 ? Bristol was not lost because the constituency has turned Tory, but because Sir Morton Peto has for a time " discredited his- order." In East Kent a Conservative seat has been retained by in increased majority, and the supporters of the Govern ment are justified in exulting over the defeat of a candi late almost unknown to the electors, and little fitted to yin that intensely English constituency. But Mr. Dis raeli must indeed be ignorant of the temper of the nation ,f he ever dreamt of appealing to the country because of these exceptional victories. He must see that he must either resign at once or hasten his appeal to the Reformed Parliament. There is no third course open to him. The Post declares that the distinction between this vote and that which closed the first dej)ate is very important. On the former occasion the House simply evinced its readiness to entertain the proposals of which Mr. Glad : tone gave notice ; but it has now, after mature delibera- I declared that those proposals ari, Found and practi - de, and tho 4,11 , .. rent complexion o! the v••t , t must lead ',o anticipate a different course of action ei. the part of t' Government. The Ministry cannot regard the vote ‘av given with the same indifference as that by which the flonse of Commons decided on considering the resolutions k committee. A distinct course of action is now resolved con, and as the Ministry cannot edvise her Majesty to fiction that course, nothing is left them but to resign. Are there any insuperable difficulties to the disestablish camt of a Church which, ex conceals, no Parliament would place on its present footing ? The majority of the House of Commons are of opinion that no such difficulties exist. This is the meaning of this morning's vote. The House, by an undeniable majority, has now for a second time pro nounced the doom of the Irish Church. Its disestablish. meat is affirmed to be not only expedient, but practicable. The second and third resolutions are but corollaries of the first, and it may therefore be said that now the most important party contest of recent times has been lost and won. The Daily .2Ve cs obseivas t'iat by a larger majority than that which affirmed the propriety of taking into conside ration the condition of the Established Church in Ireland, the House of Commons has pronounced in favour of the disestablishment. The majority before Easter was sixty ; on this occasion it is sixty-five. Ministers have lost five votes. Those who now went into the lobby with Mr. Gladstone were numerically identical with his supporters ou the Ord of April. The consequences of the divisi6n are matter of conjecture. Mr. Disraeli has taken time to consider his course by moving the adjournment of the House of Commons until Monday next. It is consti tntlonally impossible that he should dissolve ; it is cot necessary that he should resign. His position . 1 n relation to the present House of Commons is not, as he pretended, altered. It would have been altered if he had been victorious. It is to-day what it was before the Easter vacation. His duty is to accept the decision of the majority, to facilitate the progress of Mr. Gladstone's second and third resolutions, and of the bill based on them, and to reserve his appeal to the constituencies until 1869. It is satisfactory to find that he has disclaimed the intention of advising the sovereign, as Lord Derby sug gested, to act in contradiction to the declared will of the House of Commons, and refuse her consent to the introduction of a bill, should Mr. Gladstone's second and third resolutions pass. It is to be hoped that in other respects he will manifest equal prudence. The Herald lays clown that the result of the division will Surprise nobody. Mr. Gladstone was secure of a majority. The House of Commons has affirmed by a vote, the im portance of which we have no idea of contesting, the de sirability cf disestablishing and disendowing the Irish Church. Toot (ices the House of Commons speak the feeling or t--,e coin t.ry? We deny it, and the ncent elec tions endorse our denial. The Government has naturally asked for time to consider the course which it should take nneler the circumstances. What that course will be the recent manifestations of public opinion seem to show clearly enough. Whatever may be the announcement made by the Premier on Monday—and it is proper, of course, however confidently we may look to a particular declaration of policy, to assume the possibility of the adoption of another 3ourse— we have no hesitation in saying that the branch of the United Church of England and Ireland established in Ireland is not shaken at all by the declaration that it ought not to exist any longer. It has survived a good many abstract resolutions, which had an honest although mistaken conviction for their cause, and it will not suc mumb to an abstract resolution, which, by the admission of its proposers, is only designed to further the meanest and paltriest personal ends. The Standard regards the most significant utterance o; the earlier part of the evening as that which came from Sir C. O'Loghlen, who began his rambling and incoherent address by the startling observation that the question whether a minority should remain in office was to be shortly brought directly to an issue. That means, we suppose, that if their defeat on the Church question do not drive Ministers to resign, they will be met with a :Erect vote of want of confidence. It is hardly necessary to waste many words in comment on this threat. Every one knows that Ministers have the right to appeal from the House to the country; everyone knows that this Ippeal cannot be made, save at great cost and public inconvenience, till January next, and that it will in any case be made then or very soon after. With what purpose then, can the Radicals propose a vote of censure on the Government ? Clearly, either with a view to force their to an immediate dissolution, or to compel them to resign without dissolving ; that is, either from pure wantor -lesire to do harm and hinder public business, or from the desire to seize an illegitimate advantage, and force theil way into office by a dishonourable use of accidental cir curnstances. We leave it to them to explain, when th time comes, which of these is their actual motive. I n any case, the attempt is wholly and obviously un justifiable. The assault on the Church, considering its time, its conditions, and its motives, is disgrace ful ; but the contemplated stratagem would be a more audacious experiment on the credulity and the • patience of the country—the most barefaced and disreputable party manoeuvre on record since'the coalitior and North. It se ems skilfully planned, so far as mentary tactics go ; but it is hardly likely tc admirable tactician against whom it is aimed and it is still less likely to impose upon the nation at large Tt will end, as so many of Mr. Gladstone's stratagem have ended, in signal discomfiture and disgrace to himself and Lis party ; and if it should e ntail a delay in carrying out the promi3cd completion of the Reform scheme, or the inconvenience of two elections within eighteer ,ds, the country will understand cn whom lies the sole s 1 on :ihility ; whose impatient greed of office forced ar ireenlar issue and a premature appeal. of Fox en tfIT nr - tont - - A ~ z-neral election ` at the !present time, the Telegrail Nil.. )ii:ratli l lainly, oln.;lit io to be contemplated and not Le endorsed by the opinion of the people No ,1,;v11,t; he has a constitutional right to the two esta Wished alternatives, of dissolution or resignation. Tin Parliament which has distinctly repudiated his " tin]) Liberal policy," and calmly adopted in principle that which he has called a "vast and violent " change. was not elected under a Conservative Cabinet, and was not• the expression of any distinct appeal tc the con , tituenpies up•ni the subject of the Irisl Church. The Premier may quite fairly plead that the topic was hardly mentioned at the hustings ; he might, there 'fore, under ordinary circumstances, claim to submit hit " conduct and character" to the deliberate verdict of the country. Technically, so far as Ministerial precedents and the ad m itt e d practice of Premiers in difficulties go no one can deny the right. But circumstances Rite , everything ; there is a political equity as well as a politics , common law. and that equity forbids Mr. Disraeli th luxury of Inet•tiog the lluuse of COllllllOll3 in this manner THE PA.CKE.R. PARCEL QUESTION. A case of some interest to the public, in which the vexed question of "packed parcels" was involved, has been dis posed of at the Sheriff's Small Debts Court, Glasgow, before Sheriff Campbell. Mr. H. Christie, tobacco manu facturer, Nicolson-square, sued the North British Railway Company for the sum of 4s. 3d., which the pursuer con sidered an overcharge on a parcel of manufactured tobacco which he had sent to Aberdeen. Mr. Wood, who conducted the case on behalf of the railway com pany, said that the pursuer had been in the habit of sending a number of small parcels of manufactured tobacco addressed to different persons in one package addressed to his agent, who distributed them. The rail way company, considering that this was not fair, issued a bye-law on the 31st March, to the effect that packed parcels sent to agents would, on and after the Ist April, be charged double fifth-class rate. The pursuer, he said, had sent a parcel on the 3rd current to Aberdeen, for which he was elmged Gs., while by the powers conferred by the N6l-th Erltlsh Railway Consolidation Act, 1858, the ;ompan:-» l have charged lie i•ursuer in all not less :ban V-. 4,1. for the conveyance of this package. Mr. aristie admitted that the contents of the package were of the dewription stated by Mr. Wood, but stated that, while he made that admission, he did not consider the railway company had any right to ask the question or to expect an answer, as he thought that when a merchant truly 11,clared the contents of his packages the railway company had no business to make further inquiry He maintained that the clauses of the different Acts ci Parliament quoted by Mr. Wood did not apply to this case, as the real case at issue appeared to be whether the railway company, as common carriers, having a rate for manufactured tobacco, and admittedly that rate being 20s. per ton from Edinburgh to Aberdeen, could charge 80s. per ton for the same class of goods for the same distance, on the plea that the package contained packed parcels. Mr. Wood said that, as the present was a case that would affect the whole of Scotland, he thought that it should not be decided in a summary manner before that court, and submitted that it should be tried in the Court of Session. The sheriff thought the pursuer was entitled to the remedy he asked, and in a very lucid and carefully-prepared judgment, in which he gave the grounds of his decision,, decreed against the railway company for the sum sued for, with court expenses. Mr.,Wood accepted the judgment on behalf of the railway company, and intimated, amid laughter, that it was exactly in accordance with a decision that had been given in the Court of Exchequer. of which he was afraid Mr. Christie might have heard. THE COLLIERS OF SOUTH LANCASHIRE The Daily News presents its readers with an interesting article on the colliers of South Lancashire apropos of the present strike at Wigan. Wigan itself is described as a most dull and Uninteresting place. Whatever picturesque features the surrounding landscape once possessed have become well-nigh obliterated by the rapidly-increasing number of huge cinder-heaps, lofty pit-chimney shafts, and dense clouds of thick black smoke which ob scure the atmosphere and impart a dingy hue to all surrounding objects. Nor is the aspect of the town par ticularly enlivening. The streets possess few architectural attractions, and although places of religious worship abound, the means of social and intellectual recreation appear, so far as the labouring classes are concerned, to he few and far between. Cotton and woollen mills abound in the neighbourhood, but the collieries are the staple pearls resorted to of obtaining a livelihood. The work gng life of a collier generally commences about the age of 10 or 11 ; but most of the present adult male popula tion be , ::an at a much earlier date, say 6or 7. This was before Act of It 0, which prohibited the employment of children under 10 years of age in coal mines. The number of collier boys between the ages of 10 and 12 engaged in the Wigan district is estimated at 3,000. Youths and young men of from 13 to 19 years old are also largely employed, the proportions being about 50 or 60 boys and young men to every 100 adults. The employment of boys is undoubtedly an evil, but the great scandal of the coal mines is the working of women, about 500 of whom are employed at the several pits. Their ages vary from 12 to 50 ; a few are the widows of colliers. They generally wear a peculiar description of attire, consisting of coarse trousers, resembling those worn by men, fastened by a belt round the waist, a soft bonnet, and • a shawl. The petticoats are generally tucked into the trousers. Sometimes they may be seen wearing jackets like the men, smoking, drinking, and behaving as if completely unsexed. It is acknowledged that the habitual wearing of this costume tends to destroy all sense of decency amongst them, but it has not been ascertained that their morals are more lax than those of the generality of females employed in agricultural opera tions. The work they do—removing tubs of coal from the mouth of the pit to the waggon—is severe even for men ; at the same time, they earn less than half the wages of those whom they assist. They are more regular and punctual in their habits than the men, but their employment renders the homes uncomfortable, and in many cases unhappy. The men are paid by piece -work, and the disputes which take place arise from the way in which coals are measured. Extensive horse-breeding farms have been esta blished in the Cape of Good Hope for the supply of horses to India. The export of horses to India from Australia has been checked in consequence of Australian horses having become deteriorated. The Salford General Purposes Committee has decided by a larie majority to recommend the Council to appoint a Medical Officer of Health, "who shall devote the whole of his time to the service of the borough." Th: sa l a ry proposed to be given is £3OO a year. It is stated that Colonel Harcourt, of Nuneham, will contest the borough of Abingdon in the Liberal interest at the next election, and that it has been arranged in the county for one of the present represents' tives to retire to make room for Mr. Walter, and so pre vent a contest. FUNERAL OF THE BISHOP OF HEREFORD. -0 11 Thursday afternoon the mortal remains of Renn Dickson Hampden, Lord Bishop of Hereford, were :deposited in the family vault at Kensal-green (in close proximity to that of the Princess Sophia), surrounded by a large circle of his cst,eemed friends. The service was most impressively rendered by the Venerable Lord Saye and Sele. The outer coffin was of dark polished oak, and the cortege con• slated of a hearse and four horses, and five mournint coaches, followed by several private carriages. SHOCKING ACCIDENT.—On Wednesday evening intelligence reached Cardiff that a dreadful accident had occurred at No. 3 shaft on the Caerphilly branch of the Rhymney Railway. During the dinner hour a man had been working in the shaft, and asked to be pulled to the top of the shaft. Shortly afterwards six other men joined him to proceed to their work in the shaft. When the engine was set in motion it was found that the gearing had got out of order, and before it could be remedied the whole of the men were thrown from the top of the shaft tc the bottom, a depth of 117 yards.—Ccimbria Daily Leader, SIR JAMES CLARK. —Sir James Clark is reco• vering steadily, though slowly, from his late severe illness. A very sharp attack of bronchitis, accompanied by ex, treme prostration, and complicated by distressing dyspepsia, together with the feebleness of heart conse quent upon the sufferer's advanced age, at one time caused grave anxiety to his medical attendants, Dr. Sieveking and Dr. Kough, of Bagshot. These gentlemen now, how ever, think their patient is making good progress towardt recovery, if not, indeed, fairly convalescent. —Bridal Medical Journal. THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH.—To the medical profession, which is never backward in its loyalty, the cast of the Prince is of especial interest as an example of s somewhat rare, though not by any means unknown, for tuitous occurrence—the passage of a bell along a rib for considerable distance without any injury to the viscera Of the chest or abdomen. Thus Guthrie, in his Commentaries speaking of this accident, says : " It is a rare exception to a general rule, dependent upon the ball being re fleeted upon something solid which it cannot penetrate such as a button, a piece of money, a rib, &c." According to the telegraphic despatch the ball entered the bad half an inch to the right of the spine, struck the ninti rib, followed round the course of the rib, and lodged five inches from the umbilicus, and 44 inches beneath the right nipple, having thus traversed a distance of 12i inches The ball in all probability was fired somewhat obliquely and this favoured its course around the chest. It was perhaps, fortunate also for the royal patient that hi cowardly assailant attacked bins behind, since the tissue of the back would offer more resistance than the this chest-wall in front. It may be remembered that the unfor tunate bandsman who fell a victim to Fenian hatred las' autumn was fired at directly in front, and the ball passed between the ribs and traversed the lung, finding an exi: behind. We congratulate Drs. Watson and Young, a the Challenger and Galatea, on their successful extraction of the ball, which was, no doubt, readily accomplishes under the circumstances through a small " counter opening." As the latest accounts pronounce the Princ convalescent, we may hope that, though injuries of th chest-wall arc not without some danger to the irnportan organs in the vicinity, the good health and youth of th patient, combined with the solicitous care he has received will have fully restored him to health before he reache these shores, where his advent will be anxiously awaited by the public no less than by his august rclatives.—Th Lgncet. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENINGt, MAY 1, 1868. THE STATE TRIAL. (From the Anglo-American Times.) On Monday last the defence was concluded, and on Wednesday Mr. BOUTWELL —the " Black 11 air'd Energy of the Impeachment," or the "Cold and Classical Demosthenes," names which the fertile imagination of Washington correspondents have bestowed—replied to the arguments of the PRESI DENT'S counsel. At any moment, therefore, the verdict of this great State trial may be promul gated. The Court refused to receive the testimony of the Cabinet officers, by which the counsel in tended to prove that all, including Mr. STANTON, had advised the PRESIDENT to veto the Tenure of-Office Bill ; and further, that the Cabinet had since agreed that the Act was inapplicable in the case of Mr. STANTON. Mr. BOUTWELL'S speech appears to have been of the usual length, and he of course maintained that the evidence sub mitted by the prosecution had completely sustained the charges preferred, and equally of course con cluded by strongly urging the conviction of ANDREW JOHNSON. We have had the great opening speech of the prosecution by Mr. BUTLER, we have had the great opening speech of the defence by Mr. CURTIS, we have seen all the evidence the Mana gers could tender, and we know all the testimony by which the PRESIDENT endeavours to rebut it, and we have learnt very little—the trial only show ing that almost every material fact had been dis cussed by the press before it began. Taking the bare facts relied on for the conviction of ANDREW JOHNSON we are free to con- fess that there has been " much ado about nothing." The guilt lies in the intention ; a subject upon which people in Europe cannot form an opinion, and fortunately so for ANDREW JOHNSON. A father or a mother of a family, who may be leading the household "a devil-of-a life" at home, may go abroad looking demure, amiable, and respect able ; and when things go wrong in the household, - outsiders, in ignorance of the real provocation, the ceaseless nagging, the constant fret, worry, and irritation kept up in the establishment, condemn the violence of those pressed beyond endurance, and attribute the revolt to conspiracy. The persons most skilled in this style of worry are scarcely ever caught in any act not susceptible of a fair explanation. They are best known in the army and navy, some times in public offices, and not unfrequently in domestic life, hut seldom at the head of private firms—as it is costly there to gratify such malice, and likely to lead to failure in business. But a colonel may bully his regiment, a captain, his crew, or a secretary his clerks, and vent the venom of his nature at the public expense. Now ANDREW JOHNSON is one of these men. We do not say that he is a bad instance ; but essentially he had that in him calculated to worry and to stir up every feeling of opposition, and all the rancour that otherwise lay dormant in his opponent. This not being felt nor seen in Europe, although in truth the essence of the dispute, the bald facts only come up for adjudication, and the judgment for the most part is that expressed in the leading article of the Tones last Thursday. The quarrel is deplored, the form it has taken condemned, and Congress censured as hasty, irritable, and unjust. The facts as proved in the trial are that ANDREW JOHNSON broke the Tenure-of-Office Act by remov ing Mr. STANTON—that he broke that Act by the ad interim appointment of General THOMAS to the Secretaryship of War—that he violated the Act of 1863 by this appointment, THOMAS not being quali fied. These being admitted, two points have to be considered to decide the question of guilt. The one is the law—and the other the intention of ANDREW JOHNSON in taking these measures. The question of law involves the consideration whether the Tenure-of-Office Bill is Constitutional, and, if so, has the PRESIDENT the right to infringe it for the purpose of testing it ? Or, if unconsti tutional, is the PRESIDENT justified in breaking it to prove it so? This is the subject to which Judge CURTIS, the PRESIDENT'S leading counsel, mainly a rrith d ehee d e : P e n s nlit s aoE ed ttstlep h rsE i uo m N:T s ie e nnip l te f, tusinb a tlt n :os d tanofnisd with consummate ability.consummate i d n oirr t ef r ea u t ltlh,partohnoidat. it which W is hat a a t sub-th e weight of the testimony is at Washin g ton we can , not judge here. All we know is that without any evil intention, the infringement of an Act of doubtful legality being the only means of testing it, though a misdemeanour in the eye of the law, though opposed to principle, and bad as an example and precedent, yet the nation will not and cannot hold it to be a crime; indeed it knows that it may become a duty in a President of the United States at all hazards to set such an Act aside. On this point the tribunal before which ANDREW JOHN SON is arraigned is, we believe, as fair as any to be found in the United States. The circumstances are better known to that Court than to any other body of men; they are familiar with ANDREW JOHNSON'S whole career, and with almost all his doings 'since his succession to the Presidency. If these, on the whole, tell in his favour he cannot fail to be acquitted, as the two-thirds majority required for conviction will more than overbalance the party interest involved. The verdict, in truth, is in the hands of some seven or eight independent Senators; men, who if the PRESIDENT'S counsel convince their reason that ANDREW JOHNSON was acting from a sense of duty, and not going out of his way to defy Congress—will acquit him. Although the testimony of Secretary WELLEs and others was refused, yet the fact is well known to the Court that all the Cabinet, including Mr. STAN TON, advised the PRESIDENT to veto the Tenure-of- Office Bill, which cannot but weigh heavily in dis proving a conspiracy ; and the evidence of General EMORY in support of the 9th Article also totally failed in its purpose. But we find, on the other hand, these damaging facts. First, the speeches and the threats of the PRESIDENT against Con gress ; next, the menace of Adjutant Gene ral Thomas, sent directly by the PRESI DENT illegally to possess himself of the War office, a menace of armed violence by the deputed agent of ANDREW JOHNSON. We grant that from General THOMAS'S own silly brain may have ema nated these threats ; but no argument cau wholly shake the PRESIDENT clear of responsibility for the acts of his instruments. THOMAS was accused of weakness in not obtaining possession, and he was much blamed by the JOHNSON party for not "kicking STANTON out." The creation of the new military district, with its head-quarters at Wash ington, and the desire manifested by the PRESIDENT to bribe to his interest one of the leading generals by undue promotion and high appoint ment must have had weight in forming the opinions of the Senators, although not charged and soN. lie has been openly uagrgaiends writerstby s to use his military authority to suppress the usurping Congress. He distinctly signified to that Congress , under cer tain ANDREW a circumstances, he would appeal to force, and that such a game might have been played was shown by the numerous telegrams received by Mr. JOHNSON offering armed assistance when he took t h e st e p o f removing Mr. STANTON. It is impossible for the Senate to ignore the fact that the danger of a civil war did hang over the Union from Mr. JOHNSON'S administration, and even a remote danger of such a horrible catastrophe is by all means to be averted. The sacrifice of ANDREW JOHNSON would be a cheap price to pay for this, and he has in truth no more right to complain than a man who insists on wearing a. boot with an iron heel when he is unceremoniously turned out of a powder magazine. How otherwise is this to be accomplished? Congress cannot be removed, and Congress and the PRESIDENT are a cat and a dog in the same cage. The one that can MOM readily be taken out is the proper one to taker out, and that one is clearly the PRESIDENT. It is: all very well for people in London and Paris to 4 Weelaitn against the necessity, and to uphold the e verlasting prin ciples of justice; but we know that law is not in variably equity, nor the best of logic truth. The case against the PRESIDENT as read in Europe may be weak; yet the guilt a the _PRESIDENT in the infringement of the Act still be legal'y sufficient for the Court to convict .and de pose, while the expediency of the removal. may be overwhelmingly strong. Can e spedievey be taken into consideration by the Sena* actin p as a Court? In theory we presume it ought not; prac tically it must have its influence, and even the theory is disputed. The :Managers of Impeachment insist on the Senate being a Senate that is a politi cal deliberative assembly, while the counsel of the PRESIDENT assert that its functions had wholly changed, and that for the trial it had resolved itself into a legal tribunal. But whether Senate or tri bunal expediency cannot be eliminated from the minds of the members, and that constitutes ANDREW JOHNSON'S danger. The chances are that the waverers who really decide will argue that they have sufficient law and proof to convict if it be advisable, and most of them are strongly impressed with the necessity. For these reasons we look for the im mediate intelligence of a verdict against ANDREW JOHNSON. nion, or rather of insurmountable prejudice, it is, alas ! most probable, that poor SAxno, at least for the present, will be the sacrifice. If the planters would on this subject exercise their reasoning faculties, they would see that the only course open to them is to educate the freedmen for the eventual exercise of man's birth right—for whatever may be the checks—it may safely be predicted that the race will yet be ad mitted throughout the United States to a voice in the Government. Although the power must again fall into the hands of the whites, the period of probation will depend on the way in which they use it, for they may depend upon, it whatever may be their party triumph, that the North will tolerate no measures that tend to perpetuate the degradation of the negro.—A 'iglu-American 7 imes. THE ELECTION IN CONNECTICUT. It is amusing to read the Republican and Demo cratic papers before and after a great election, the utmost confidence of the prediction, the couisempt for the efforts of their poor weak opponents, the smile of pity at their vain struggle, the sarcastic remarks and insinuations of dishonesty. Then comes the event—the triumph of the one, the defeat of the other. The victor bursts into bonfire, and sings a song of triumph amidst the discharge of artillery, illuminations, and fireworks. Theso are the demonstrations of men who rejoice greatlyin gain ing something till then very doubtful. Yet to read what the party wrote before the event, you would suppose there could be no doubt whatever about the matter, and therefore the unsophisticated wonder at the exultation. But we may turn with more curiosity to see how the vanquished bear the result so totally destructive of all their declarations and prophecies. It is extraordinary what a small thing the event really was—it was scarcely worth con tending for, certainly not worth any concentrated effort of the party. It was caused by a mere side issue, aided by a lot of rowdy foreigners, whose votes could be purchased for a drink. Indeed, the meaning of the votes when analyzed is shown to be favourable to the party. Those who announced the victory to be as certain as that the sun shone, unblushingly assert that they never looked for any good to come out of that State, that a people steeped to the neck in electoral cor ruption could have no lot nor part with them. But what is written is written, and comes back rather awkwardly to the writers. The election of Gover nor English in Connecticut is a decided defeat to the Republican party, yet one susceptible of expla nation. It will be observed from the list we pub lish below, that out of the total vote, not far short of one hundred thousand, the majority for Mr. English was 1,735. This was the heaviest vote ever cast in the State, and when scrutinised it will be seen that it is due to the larger towns, and notably to the three—Bridgeport,Hartford, and New Haven. In New Haven it will be found, on examining the figures, that Governor English gained on his last year's majority no less than 453 ; in Bridgeport, 207 ; and in Hartford, 160 ; giving a total for these three towns of 820, or little less than half the full majority. The New Haven vote excites the gravest suspicions, and there is said to be proof that frauds were there attempted; 350 names of Democratic voters were during the week preceding the election, struck from the list. The Democratic gains are in the large towns where colonizing is most practicable, and the Republican gains are in the small towns and rural districts. According to the English notions the Republicans are more pro perly the Conservative party, being the rural and farmer class, while the other is the urban and burgher class. The Legislature being largely increased in the Republican interest, the party lays some claim to having carried the State ; the more so as from it emanates the great prize of the contest, the seat for the long term in the United States Senate. Mr. Dixon, a Democrat, is now a Connecticut Senator, and his term closes with the present Congress. It is believed there is no chance of his re-election, as the majority in the Legislature is decidedly Republican. The party is very bitter against Senator Dixon, whose desertion lost them the State. His successor will probably be Governor Hawley or Governor Buckingham. The Democrats, in reply to the charge of coloaizing, assert that the Republicans gained the Legislature by " jerryma.ndering," which, for the information of our English readers, we may say, means so " dis tricting" the State, that the strength of the party ruling in the Legislature is brought to bear on the elections. Thus the Republican strength being in the small towns, the plan was to raise them to the sam e level as the large ones, wasting the super fluous strength of their opponents. Connecticut, very generally nicknamed the " Nutmeg State," is the home of " notions," and her trade has been disastrously affected by the distress and utter pros tration of the South. This has been used to give point to the attack on the Congressional majority, who are accused ,by their Legislative blunders of preventing the anticipated revival of Southern pros perity. Negro suffrage also told against the Re publicans and had its influence on the vote. But whatever may be the causes we give the figures as we find them carefully compiled in the Springfield Republican : 1868. 1867. Jewell. English. Hawley. English. Hartford, 2918 3574 2746 3216 New llaven, 3524 5777 3235 5035 Now London, 26 maj. 783 823 Norwich, 1558 1248 1444 1135 Stonington, 559 482 545 482 Middletown, 78G 955 842 905 Norwalk 978 829 940 713 Bridgeport, 1453 1638 1452 1395 Stamford, 696 673 655 587 Vernon, 594 283 55 344 Danbury, 836 875 784 734 Farmington, 423 332 327 229 Winchester, 459 328 419 328 Waterbury, 916 243 860 1175 Medford, 315 425 318 382 Wallingford, 304 398 255 390 New Britain, 738 717 613 635 Windsor, 55 inaj. 211 266 Windsor Locks, 127 206 199 194 East Windsor, 378 233 267 189 Enfield, 430 330 394 299 Wethersfield, 265 200 278 202 Granby, 223 173 207 189 East Granby, 79 135 75 134 Suffield 379 358 359 356 Avon 129 92 126 85 Glastonbury 356 367 324 373 Manchester 412 243 393 268 New Hartford 386 257 268 224 East Hartford 355 306 329 314 Woodstock 451 157 439 159 Pomfret 189 104 187 107 Tolland 133 182 122 188 Union 94 88 86 106 Colebrook 150 143 135 134 Salisbury 189 maj. 950 426 Barkhampstead 175 166 176 158 THE FULL VOTE BY COUNTIES. 1868. 1867. , . . . Jewell. English. Hawley. English. Hartford 9657 10,217 8072 9678 New Haven New London 6225 5628 5833 5437 Fairfield 7851 8583 7698 7805 Litchfield Windham Middlesex 3352 3163 3340 3174 Tolland 2611 2125 2455 2281 Total 48,794 50,529 46,578 47,565 Majority for English, 1,735—t0tal vote, 99,323 ; total rote last year, 94,143. THE LEGISLATURE. The Senate stands twelve Republicans to nine Demo crats, a Republican gain of one, and the House of Repre sentatives 130 to 108, a Republican gain of five, four of the latter being in Hartford county alone. The election of United States Senator is thus assuredly in the hands of the Republicans, who have increased their majority seven on joint legislative ballot. The Senate is divided as follows : Republicans-2d district, Albert Austin of Suffield; 6th, Garry I. Mix of Wallingfdrd ; 7th, Alfred Coit of New Haven ; Bth, Charles W. Scott' of Sprague ; 9th, J. W. Peckham. of Lebanon ; 13th, C. E. Griggs of Chaplin ; 14th, E. H. Bugbee of Killingly ; 15th, C. B. Andrews of Litchfield ; 16th, George Langdon of Plymouth ; 19th, Cornelius Brainerd of Haddam; 20th, Charles Underwood of Tolland ; 21st, David W. Underwood of Coventry--12. Dmlocrats-Ist District, Nathaniel B. Stevens of Hart ford : 3d, Jairus Case of Granby ; Bth, James Gallagher of Now Haven ; sth, Isaac T. It.)gers of Milford ; 10th, Jona than E. Wheeler of Westport ; 11th, L. N. Blydeuburgh of Sherman ; 12th, Charles Benedict of New Canaan ; 17th, E. Grove Lawrence of Norfolk ; 18th, C. Hubbard of Mid dletown-9. Hartford county elects 18 Democratic and 22 Republican Representatives, gaining Samuel N. Reid and B. F. Hast ings in Suffield, Homer B. Sprague and James H. Frary in New Britain, and E. H. Eno in Simsbury. James W. Loomis and Curtis AV. Holland are chosen from Granby ; David Dorg and Albert W. Allen from Enfield, and Sol- man North and William IL Heath from East Windsor, all Republicans ; and Freeman M. Brown from Windsor Lock, George Foster from South Windsor, and Daniel 11. Mull from Rocky Hill, all Democrats. New Haven county elects 17 Democrats and 12 Republicans;' Tolland, 11 Republicans and 10 Democrats; Now London, 18 Re publicans and 10 democrats; Middlesex, 15 Republicans and 7 Democrats ; and Litchfield, 18 Republicans and 14 Democrats, with two towns to bear from. NEGRO SUFFRAGE. Another State has given a decisive vote against Negro Suffrage. Oa the 6th April the proposed amendment to the State Constitution was sub- mitted to the people of Michigan and defeated by over 30,000 majority in a total poll of 110,000. If it required further evidence to show the rock on which the Republican party is likely to split, this vote supplies it. The negro is fatal to all with whom he is connected ; and when the last English soldier withdrew from the States at the close of the revolutionary war, if vengeance was in the mind of England she might have smiled com- placently on the slave gift she left behind. It has led to the ruin of the Southern oligarchy and to the desolation of the Southern States. The South pre ferred the " domestic institution" to the Union, and the North crushed the " domestic institution" and preserved the Union. Yet the party who abolished slavery and led in the great war may be destroyed in its attempt to uphold the African race. No pre judice is equal to that of colour. Nature has so broadly separated the children of JAPHET from the -children of HAM that no legislation, no principles of religion, of justice, or of constitutional right, and no expediency can surmount the barrier. The Re publican party has taken a fast hold of a great prin ciple, and harnessed to this lumbering vehicle it has gone at the barrier, and is more than likely to break down in its efforts to overcome it. There is no disguising the fact, nor is there any wisdom in the attempt to do so. The leaders of the party are in advance of the age ; and however noble and true may be their doctrine we fear that it is imprac ticable, and will be so for many long years to come. The Republican papers take amore cheerful view of the subject, considering that time alone is re quired to overcome the prejudice, and that, how ever discreditable to the party, they must bow to the necessity, educating the people by degrees up to the point of political freedom and equal rights for all. It is said that four-fifths of the Republicans in Michigan would now vote for the amendment. A short ;time ago not one-half would have enter tained the proposition, and not long hence nine- tenths will vote for it. It is'one of those at present repugnant propositions based on im mutable truth, and that truth must eventually overcame tha prejudice. Still the position of the Republican party in the face of the prejudice is one of extreme difficulty. To abandon the negro is to abandon principle ; is to deny the inherent right of man to a voice in his Government, which THAD:DEUS STEVENS declares is the " denial of GOD." The conquered South had negro suffrage thrust on it. But is the North to enforce the rights of freedmen in the lately Confc derated States, and deny those rights to the negroes who are fellow-citizens in their own States ? Upon no reason can such a proposition be grounded, and it stands out an inconsistency too gross for adoption. In Michigan there are so few negroes that their votes can scarcely affect the elections. There, as well as in the other Northern States, the character of the African race has been elevated by freedom and contact with freemen unasseciated with slavery, by education, and by religious culture. Few can deny that the negro in these States is not as fit to exercise the franchise as many of the ignorant im migrants fresh from Europe. They are American citizens, born and bred on the soil. They know no country but their State, and no interest uncon nected with it. Is it, then, possible for the com munity to deny the right of suffrage to the coloured people among them, yet insist on that right being bestowed on the lately emanci pated slaves in the South? In the Carolinas, in Georgia, in Florida, and the Valley of the . Mis sissippi, the negroes in many localities are more numerous than, the whites. For long generations they have been held in bondage—the mere chattel of the master. Without an idea beyond their day's work, the food, and clothing supplied them, they have grown up to manhood, and seen their shackles struck off by the hand that struck down their mas ters. Is the brain that directed that hand to pro nounce these men not only free, but endowed with the rights of free men in the United States, and at the same time to withhold those rights from the coloured people in the North ? Such a pro position cannot stand ; for it is based on the grossest inconsistency and injustice. The right of the Negro to vote must comprehend the race in the United States as a whole, and be decided either in the affirmative or in the negative. If it could be decided affirmatively in one place and negatively in another, it must be argued on the capacity of, the Negro in different localities, which would be tanta mount to an acceptation of the principle, qualified with the restriction of fitness. In that case, in Michigan, in Ohio, Kansas, and other northern States who rejected the principle, the Negroes would be declared qualified for the suffrage ; while in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida, where the right has been conferred, they would be pronounced unfit for it. But this principle is not acted on, nor is any other; the guiding star being simply prejudice. It is impossible for the question to remain in this ' state; for it could not, as it stands, be endured. Does Michigan intend that the Negroes shall vote in the South, but that the Negro shall not vote in Michigan ? If so, it is tantamount to the declara tion that the Southern whites shall be governed by a race whose ballots shall not be permitted to pollute the Northern elections, upon which they could have no appreciable effect. If Northerners fast ened the shackles struck from the Negroes around the necks of their late masters, they could not more grossly insult them, and no words could more strongly convey the subjugation of the South. To be consistent, the defeaters of the Negro Suffrage Amendment to the Northern States Constitutions, must pronounce against the Congressional plan of Reconstruction. There is no escaping this conclusion ; and this means the total overthrow of the Republican party. It may be said that no such issue was be fore the 'people of Michigan. But we maintain that that is the issue, as distinctly before that State as before Connecticut in the late elections. If the Michigan Republicans, while pretending to hold to their principles, have allowed their prejudices to influence them in this matter, they have allowed that prejudice to s t r ik e the most fatal blow at their party. There is no e scape from this conclusion. They must destroy the Radical platform and erect a new one, for they bowl over every leader and every measure of Congress for Reconstruction. If the majority of the Northern States be opposed to Negro Suffrage in them, they must be opposed to Negro Suffrage out of them, for what is food for the goose is food for the gander. Condemning the whole policy of Congress, and supporting that of the PRESIDENT. It is a farce for a Republican to vote against Negro Suffrage as the party is constituted, except on the principle of fitness, which, as we have observed, would reverse the position taken, giving Negroes the Suffrage in Michigan, Ohio, &c., and refusing it in Louisiana, Florida, &c. Now how does this Republican State propose to secure the result of the war? To withdraw the troops and to hand over the Southern States to the whites is to place the party in power who prefer the domestic institu tion to the Union. To confer the Suffrage on igno rant Negroes is undesirable, but no one has yet pro posed a plan likely to hold water which can secure to the blacks their freedom without this privilege. If it could be accomplished the sooner the military were.. withdrawn and the States left to reconstruct themselves the better for all. But we fear this is impossible ; and if the Michigan vote is to be taken as an indication—as it surely is—of Northern opi- AMERICAN MAI?KF,7 S. (From Beldiny, Keith, and Co.'s Circular.) - By mail we have advices from New York to the 11th The great stringency in the money market noticed in our last had been followed by a panic. The Atlantic Mail Screw Steamship Company's stock was sold for 86 one day, and the next down to 28—said to have been caused by realizations by parties holding as eollatera's. Such serious fluctuations cause sad havoc with the market, and injure confidence in everything. The Journal of Commerce has the following as to the stock market, which we believe is intended to apply to these operations : MONEY MARKET, Friday Evening, pril 10. The New York Journal of Commerce has the following —" The speculators are as uneasy without the stimulus and opportunities of the stock boards as a fish out of water, and the specimens we have seen on the street accept the dismal storm of snow and sleet as a fit illustration of their mental and physical condition. It is a good occasion hero to speak of the Society for the Suppression of Gambling, whose circular reached us yesterday. The officers quote 1,017 lottery offices, 163 faro banks, and $10,000,000 net gains to the proprietors of the same, as the statistics of this business in New York. How come they to omit those gigantic gambling operations carried on daily in Wall, Broad, and New streets ? Have they never seen the eager crowd, wild with excitement, their voices pitched in a high key, their eyes in fine frenzy rolling, their hands keeping heroic action in unison with their tongues? 'Prevention of gambling!' Yes, it has a fine sound. This is, as these gentlemen say, A monster vice,' and ' hellish rapacity' may not be too strong a term to use in describing its encroachments upon the public morals. But why not detail some of the detectives now ' instructed to ascertain who and what class of men fre quent such places,' to watch certain other shops, where the ' victims, almost invariably gathered from the employees of the banking institutions, insurance companies, mercan tile houses,' Svc., go not in singly, nor while it is dark, but in throngs by daylight ? Here is a field for the asso ciation, white with the harvest they may reap with scarcely an effort. " The Stock Market is unsettled, and for most descrip tions weak. At the first session of the open board there was a fair amount of business, which was mostly done at a decline from the closing quotations of yesterday. At the regular board Pacific Mail Steamship Company was de cidedly lower, and most railway shares were pressed for sale at a decline. Governments of both classes are selling more freely at quoted rates. "It is said that a banker loaned money upon five hun dred shares of Atlantic Mail Steam Company's stock at 80, which were sold to-day, under the presssure of a panic, at loss than half that price." THE GOLD MARKET.—GoId has been free from specu lative excitement, but the premium has been quite steady, not to say firm, iu opposition to the prevailing anticipa tion of ultimately lower quotations. Pending the late stringency in money, certain brokers borrowed gold freely from the banks upon condition that the banks should advance currency to them upon stocks. They sold the g dd, and are now having to buy it back for returning it to the lenders ; and this demand has tended to keep the premium firm. Foreign exchange also has advanced to rates which admit of the shipment of bullion ; the gold exports of last week and this are likely to reach a much higher total than was expected. Gold, however, is much more abundant for delivery, and loans are now made at 4 to G per cent. FOREIGN EXCHANGE.-0 wing to the limited amount of cotton bills coining to hand and a sharp demand yesterday for bills to remit against returned Fire-Twenties, ex change for to-morrow's mail is much firmer, leading drawers generally asking 1091 to 1091 for sixty days sterling. The following are the closing quotations for the several classes of foreign bills, compared with those of the three last weeks :—London Commercial Banks, long, March 20, 1091 to 1021 ; March 27, 1091 to 1091 ; April 3, 1091 to 1091 ; April 10, 1091 to 1091. London and Commercial Banks, short, March 20, 110 to 110/ ; March 27, 1091 to 109{ ; April 3, 110 to 110/ ; April 10, 1101 to 1101. The following were the closing quotations at the regular board compared with those of the six preceding weeks Mar. 20. Mar. 27. Apr. 3. Apr. 9. New York Central 123 1191 1221 1211 Erie Hudson River 139 131 140 141 Reading Michigan Southern 80 811 84 901 Michigan Central 113 ....... ... _ _ Clev. Rnd Pittsl... 9O 91 92 Clev. and To!ed. 10 , 11 1031 101:- 10-1± North-western .... CO " preferred 74 743. 74 75 Rock Island 931 921 941 9$ Fort Wayne lO2l 102 99,;,. Illinois Central Ohio and Miss 3Ol 29} 31. 311 T lIE MARKETS. We have to report a continued dull state of trade, partly the result of the un-spring like weather, but mainly be cause of the many elements calculated to engender distrust, and thus perpetuate the hand-to-mouth policy, so long in vogue among the trading classes—such as currency de rangements, the lack of a well-defined :fiscal system and political agitation. Expectation with regard to the Spring trade has been greatly disappointed, no considerable im provement in the general markets having accompanied the advance of the season. The interior, as is tolerably well known, is comparatively bare of goods ; but all commer cial calculations must continue to be more or less at fault, and it would, therefore, be unsafe to predict anything like sustained activity so long as the evils to which we have alluded continue. A pre-requisito to commercial stability, and altoget'ler an improved state of af fairs, is an early return to specie payments, and Congress is derelict in its duty in its failure to respond to the sentiment of the business public. The bug bear, that resumption would bring back all the bonds that are held abroad, for sale and returns in coin, is too pre posterous for serious refutation. Of the fceirtoen hundred millions of our bonds owned in Europo the bulk of them are held for investment among the people, and net for spe culative purposes. It hardly stands to reason that these people, deeming them safe under a state of suspension, would part with them when their intrinsic value had ad vanced 30 per cent. by resumption. The argument is rather the other way. It would, in our opinion, create a further demand for our bonds, both in England and on the Continent, and leave us a surplus of three hundred millions of gold on the thousand millions or more of bonds held here. By a return to the normal base, there would be no difficulty in funding the debt ; all the schemes for quasi repuliation would at once fall to the ground, and we should have something like stability in commercial affairs. Broadstuffs.—Our flour market has been comparatively quiet, the prospect of an early opening of lake navigation and less favourable news from Europe have increased the disposition to realize, and to do so a further considerable decline has been submitted to in most grades—at the con cession we have had a fair local and export demand—the latter chiefly for the West Indies and South America. We have steadily reduced our stock, and find it less than three hundred thousand bbls (300,000) —this is somewhat in excess of last year, but is really very small under exist ing circumstances. The stocks on the coasts are light, and the wants of Europe are known to be very much in excess of their supplies—hence we look for an active and buoyant market during the summer months. Shipping brands have declined 30 to 40c per bbl, and the tendency is to still lower figures. The features of our wheat market the past week have presented quite a contrast to those of the preceding week—the less favourable news from Europa and the very limited milling demand have given buyers of spring quite an advantage, and to effect sales a decline of $I 6c per bushel has been submitted to—the decline the most marked in common qualities—these are difficult of sale. Towards the close we notice a better milling demand, but holders of choice yielded reluctantly, and the reduc tion in our stock has been small. Indian Corn has been in fair request, but at very variable and much lower prices —the less favourable news from Europe, the continued liberal receipts by rail, and the prospect of early supplies from the canal, have greatly increased the anxiety to realise, and to do so a decline of 2c to 3c per bushel has been submitted to from the highest point. The reduction in the stock has been moderato —at the close the market is heavy and lower. Cotton—Since the date of our last circular advices a very large business was done in this staple, the market has been very active and excited, and prices are decidedly higher. On Saturday speculators bought with great free dom. Advices from Europe being of a very favourable character, holders obtained 30e for middling upland, and 3010 for do. New Orleans, but on Monday the demand abated, and part of the decline was lost. To-day (Tues day) the market is dull, but steady at 28 to 281 c for mid dling uplands, and 28}c to 291 c for C.o. New Orleans. The sales for the week are 61,891 bales; receipts, 13,047 bales, and do. since Sept. 1, 1867, 488,805 bales. Naval Stores—Crude turpentine remains quiet, but, with a small stock, only 266 bbls, holders are firm. Spirits have been only in moderate demand; prices early i❑ the week were heavy and lower, but since Saturday a firmer feeling prevailed, and prices improved under a better de mand and reduced stock, closing steady. Rosins have been in very good demand, partly ou speculation, and with a stock much reduced we notice au advance, particularly on the low grades, closing firm with a fair business. Tar has been in good request, and prices have ruled firm. Pitch is unchanged. Oilcake and Seeds —We have had a fair inquiry for cake, and with limited arrivals prices aro steady. Sales of 160 tons Western at $OlOO currency, and 100 tons City at $3B 00 to $4O 00 gold. Timothy seed has been in fait demand for home use, has fluctuated, and closes heavy at $2 36 to $2 50 per bush. Clover seed, under larger arrivals and a moderato home inquiry, has rapidly delivered, and closes at 101 c to lie for good to prime Ohio. Calcutta linseed is selling here and in Boston at $2 35 to 2 421 per bus., gold. Oils. —American linseed has declined, but a fair business was done, and the market closes steady at $1 18c to 5 1 20c for casks and bbls. English linseed remains dull,and, iu the absence of sales, prices aro nominal. In crude fish oils there has been no particular change in prices, and the demand has been only moderate. Manufactured 'oils are inactive and nominal. Lard oil has ruled quite firm, and a fair business was done. Red oil is steady. Petroleum.—We nave had au active demand for crude, both in bulk and in bbls., but prices have gradually de clined, but the market closes firm. Refined in bond has been comparatively quiet, but prices have undergone ne essential change, closing firm but quiet. Free oil rule d dull, and prices are nominal. Provisions—The market for pork has been quite active, and at times much excited. Prices have advanced ma terially and aro steady at the clime. Prime moss has been iu fair demand and again improved, with much firmness ; the stock of this is moderate, especially of city. At the close the market is strong for all descriptions and fairly active- Beef has been in good demand and has improved; th e stock is almost exhausted, and prices still tend upwar d. Cut meats have been in good request, have rapidly hr. - proved, and are firm ; the stock is moderate. Bacon has been in active demand, and under the more favourable news from Europe, light arrivals, and diminished stock, prices have improved, and close buoyant with a brisk de mand. Lard has been quite active, especially since Pride)" last, and under au active exp;rt inquiry prices have ad vanced 11c. per lb., with a brisk:speculative demand, even at the higher prices current, and with sales of 1,000 bbls• and tcs. prime, for May delivery at 171 c to 18c., indicating strong confidence in higher prices. Butter.—Trade is slow, and prices have gradually de clined. The home trade are the only buyers, and are pur chasing such lots as will supply immediate wants. The arrivals have been more liberal, mostly new make, and the stock is accumulating. Cheese.—A fair amount of business was done the past week, but prices have ruled rather in favour of the buyer, owing to the unfavourable news from Europe. Shippers are fearful of the effect of so many on the way out, and it now looks as though a much smaller number would ge abroad the coming week. While we do not quote a posi tive decline, the feeling is decidedly weak, and quite in contrast with what it was a fortnight ago. So many cheese coming in at the opening of river navigation sugges ts the idea that quite as many aro still in the country and city as will be wanted, acme of the factories having already be' gun to make now cheese, though thirty days will be re" luired in which to thoroughly cure them. Tallow—The market has ruled quite firm, and the de mand has been active, chiefly for export, closing stead) . * Sales of 750,000 lbs, at 121 c to 12c for Western and Coun" tiS7, and 121. to 121 c for City. Freights—Early in the week the market ruled &A and some advance in rates was obtained ; but since Saturday part of the improvement was lost, and the ma r° ket closes dull. The offerings to trans-Atlantic ports hav e been only moderate, except cotton,which is going forwar d quite freely, and 51 to ic has been paid by steamer, though the latter rate is an extreme, the inside rate being an extreme at the close. A fair chartering business svii s done in petroleum at full rates, but very limited in grai n ' CINCINATTI, Ottro, April 7.—Cotton—The market, as we aulicipated, after the excitement of last week, has el : " perieuced a corresponding reaction downwards, and Pr lee ,,, ° have reced e d f rom c l os i ng ra t es o f S a t ur day fully 11"/ closing quiet but steady this evening at 27d, 'for middling uplands equal, C. F. I. and C., via Portland, 101c1 in Liver pool. It is well understood hero that there is no cottea of any consequence in the interior, all being now at ship" ping ports on the principal rivers, and on tho seaboard . Lard—After a quiet but steady market for the P sst , week or two, the market, on receipt of a d v ices from e , u " . side, advanced from 16c to 17c, with light offerings. N Y estimate the present stocks of lard 75,000 tierces short ea same period last year, and if present consumption t manufacturing demand continues, we are of opinion th we shall have higher prices. On present values we esti mato C. F. I. and C., in Liverpool, 635. Lard Oil.—The market has been steady, but quiet, W it ? ' fair local demand. We quote best brand extra winter et at 655, C. F. I. and C. in Liverpool. Mess Pork.—The market for the past week has II quite active, with a steady advance, closing very firm su active, at $26 50c to $26 75c, equal to C. F. I. and C• 28s 6,1 per bbl. CALIFORNIA. - This State takes much and deserted credit for its standing and progress, and we think de servedly. The Commercial Herald last to hand has tll5l following as to the state of matters :—" The fit:W.l°li'; condition of this State is very flattering, being td immediate result of the splendid returns realise ro d by our farmers during the past two years. Fro all quarters comes the pleasing intelligence of thrift and abundance. This glorious land furnishes the best an u cheapest bread in the world, and the gold to buy it W t tt ‘ Twenty-five millions of dollars in treasure, and flftee millions of dollars' worth of u bread, has Californi a co o d tributed to the human race during the past year , this too, after only two and a half years of real agricu.. tural , development. But even these wonderful results to:f threatened with comparative insignificance by the side ,or what is expected in two years more. A much g ro, breadth of land has been seeded in grains, and the sous have been remarkably propitious to the ag o cultural interests. The commotions of Europe PY__ °t ( l l ,o- to people our fertile valleys with a thrifty m O ur trious class of producers ; while thousands of s own countrymen stand ready to avail theinselvoco of the Pacific Railroad—and each steamer from to East brings accessions to our population. A 9 the Pacific States are evidently destined to become or great granaries of the world, we would respectful)" 1 . 0 , tiroate the propriety of adopting some universa l) " 1 0 , cognised system of weights and measures for grain. p ia England, which has been our principal customer, a is sold by the quarter ; but the quarter of Glasgow l'efe very different affair from the quarter of Liverpool, th being a difference of 501 b. between the two. The ahsit s dity and impolicy .of maintaining such an incong condition of things is apparent at a glance. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. kustralis and New Zealand, via Southampton..-3 13 / 2. 5 1 : Ditto, via Marseilles 3IOY 1 Ditto, via Panama . ........ ....... ......... .. • IlaY 1 i. Brazil, Buenos Ayre s , an d M on t e Vid eo lIaY ' Ditto, by French packet .. 31.1 2; ' 310 4 ' Cape Verds. by Br az il p ac k e t ........ • , .. .. Cape of Good Hope. Ascension. and St. Helena.. • • 3111113• I, China, .Penang. and Singapore, via Southampton.. hlaY , Ditto, via Marseilles MMO' " AY t Faikland Islands MaY Gibraltar, via Southampton 3151 .2 India,via Southampton . ... ..... . 2:: Ditto, via Marseilles Malta, Egypt, So. day' Ditto, Marseilles... Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Natal, via Southampton Uai 1 4 8 Ditto, Maneilies • . Newfoundland ...... ....... • • • • . Portugal .. ••• • • • Ditto, by private ship to Oporto ... Ditto r :tto to Lisbon United States, Canada, California, arc., by British 4. packet Ditto, by l sited States paoket Ditto ditto (New York) Ditto ditto (New York) Ditto ditto (Baltimore) ay 1. Ditto, by Canadian packet ..... . ..... .. • • w• - •,, 6. West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe West Indies and Pazilic (except Mexico and Baha mas) MAY 9 , " Cubs and Mexico Mai 70 Bahamas, via New Y ma y 6. Bermuda, via Halifax' . .... • ; e $4, [ADVERTISEMENT.] Holloway's Pills. S i c k 0 0 4 , aches.—Thousands suffer from this worrying an n° ' ( olSY, when the body and brain are depressed in warn' , 0 0 ° weather. Holloway's purifying pills present a read9ie de of cure for indigestion, biliousness, and flatulency ar e bilitated constitutions and nervous habits these PI t c oo' the best restoratives ; they correct all the unpleassfntioo; sequences of torpidity of the liver, they remove disrooo3!, and never fail to secure regular action. For all aliudicip;„' ailments Holloway's pills are the safest possible o l s e t erill,,Y. they at once give ease and comfort, and n i t"., strengthen the whole series of organs concernet.', process of digestion, and will be found useful 1 ' household. Births. GEOGHEGAN-0 n the 30th ult., at Burton-road, /3 „ ri f the wife of Robert Geoghegan, Esq., jun., of ft e' PODMORE —On the 30th ult., at Elstres H.,11, the 1 " the Rev. Thompson Podmore, of a eon. SMITH—On the 29th ult., at 11, The Terrace, -,,11„,. grove, Brompton, the wife of H. J. Smith, of "" Marriages. 113/ ICC S ; JONES—GouLD--On the 30th ult., at St. Gabriel lodei Horace B. Jones, of London-wall, to Mary Virg," 3 „;el ol " .. dauglitor of the late Joseph Gould, Esq., o f 4, Ll' e " square, St. James's. CO rii i JONES—DUBOIS —On the 30th ult., at St. Micliaer: ) ) l3 5 0 hill, George Thomas, eldest son of G. W r • Finch-lane, Cornhill, and Essex-street, Strati% o is, - bells, Matilda, fourth daughter of E. W. P'l- Vassall-road, Brixton. Deaths. s fo lll ' CIIIIISTY—On the 29th ult., at Brownings Cll°-° Charlotte, wife of James Christy, Esq., aged D . ba ll DALLEN—On the 28th ult., at Cobham, SurreY, aged 71. grategl EAuQuirAn—On the 27th ult., at 14, RandolPlls Maida vale, John J. Farquhar, Esq., aged 5 f Stone' STONE—On the 28th ult Win T. Stone, E s q . ' ° he .f .t" bridge, Hut st-green, Sussex, aged 73. SMITH --On the 27th , William, the eldest so !a °,3l.e. 0 late John Smith, of Dulwich-cointuou and f' ° ' 3 A g s ui/e ld TAYLOR—On the 28th ult, Samuel Taylor, of P• Rochdale, aged 77. - - A tli) IV Loudon : Printed and Published by Wit,Ll9.3. No of of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tug SUN OSlcebooti Strand, in the Precinct of tho Se voy, Middlesex.—Friday, May 1, 180. Kr. This Prize AI It is Bold the Agl Ohse i han's L of hi, of Lo Even , FOP' 11.0 N the g (the of the Pri open I" "Th to b e Is it in wi aPPeal prising " not he "Th mg, pe be itna R( TRIU LE Mr, 11 Miss Mr. OLII Fu sall GIB Mag t of Cl moat VSepal 1 4ouvi bubt IsT.] Sp clay or ) . Bak e Of a g till II A' Ili ha by j 1. i,,010 tt , tiou Pi d, fo r 0 "la n , tton .B tr iuu ino- us. !Pee all EU, ( Tide no g , fo r . Ohei cu r b Mold and fe c ti /no; Ivith 6 V tlr 63.1 all Fit a Tv ( Be PE it em •tan and Ye Ile di, tit