The Sun. — London, England, 1868-02-20 00:00:00

S D. i7l: OF VIE PUBLIC JOUL:TALS, At length, says the Times, we have had a church rate debate in which almost everybody has been of the same ro:nd.. Only one or two members of very extreme or of very immovable principles refused to join in the general harmony. This happy result is, indeed, simply the ac knowledgment of a fact which has been perfectly apparent luring the last few years. That fact is, as Mr. Gladstone said, that " the principle of church rates " has been prac tically surrendered on all sides. No one seriously proposes to enforce the principle that every member of the com munity is liable for the maintenance of the fabric of the church. The principle may be right or wrong, but it is ;onfersed to be impracticable. One eiception Must be made, perhaps, if it ' be worth while to mention it. Mr. Newdegate conceived the idea of converting what is practically a voluntary rate upon persons into a compulsory charge upon property, which would, of course, fall upon persons in the end. He ilreams, in fact, that Dissenters would be content that the grievance should be substantially aggravated, provided it were inflicted with less personal annoyance. With this exception, all were agreed, in some way or other, to surrender the compulsory powers of the existing law— in other words, to preclude :for the future the possi bility of any man having to sacrifice his tables and chairs in the name of conscience, and consequently to remove the occasion of a bitter party fight between the clergyman and h.s Dissenting parishioners. There remained only a differ ence respecting the way of doing it. The Conservatives long ago proposed, says Mr. Hardy, to exempt anyone from payment on his declaring himself a Dissenter, and accepting some consequent disqualifications. This scheme under various forms has been renewed every session, and has of late been promoted by Mi. Hubbard and the party with which he acts. It was properly objected to this plan that it stamped Dissenters as a distinct party in the parish. Mr. Bright, again, had suggested that all that was neces sary was to abolish the bailiff and the summons, leaving everything else as it stands ; or to abolish what was obnoxious in the existing law, and nothing more. This idea caught the attention of Mr. Gladstone two years ago, and he has since been endeavouring to put it into a prac tical shape. There is every reason to hope that he has at last succeeded. The authors of the other proposals, Mr. Newilegate of course excepted, are disposed to waive their measures in favour of his. Mr. Hardcastle withholds for the moment his proposal for total abolition, and Mr. Hub bard and the Government are alike ready to accept Mr. Gladstone's scheme as the basis of a settlement, into which any special provisions they may think desirable may be afterwards introduced. It is not likely, says the Herald, that any such solution as that proposed by Lord Russell with regard to the Irish Church would put an end to the strife of parties in Ireland. It falls far short of the programme of Cardinal Cullen and the Limerick separationists on the one hand, and on the other it would evoke the indignant remonstrance and re sistance of the Protestants throughout the kingdom. The argument which is advanced for the destruction of the Irish Establishment and the spoliation of its revenues might be applied, with almost equal fitness, to the Church of England on a future occasion. Considering the rate at which Roman Catholicism and Dissent are progressing in this country, the argument as to numbers is one of those two edged weapons which should be very warily handled. Moreover, Lord Russell's proposition involves this special grievance in the case of Ireland, that under the pretence of removing a fancied grievance it creates a real one, and that it gratifies Roman Catholic jealousy at the expense of Protestant money and Protestant scruples. A Church supported by the contributions of its own members can hardly be a grievance to outsiders, but to appropriate five ia• six-eighths of its revenues to the endowment of a hostile Church is surely a manifest wrong. And it is none the less patent because it is inflicted upon that section of the Irish people which is conspicuously loyal to the Crown, in order to conciliate another section, the allegiance and fidelity of which are certainly not above suspicion. The Standard discusses Mr. Mill's Irish land scheme. The general purport of Mr. Mill's argument, cleared of the passion and prejudice with which it is clothed, is that Ireland must he governed, not as England is governed, but upon Irish principles and according to Irish ideas. The excuse that there is one law for both countries is not only no excuse for the English, but a proof and an aggravation of their incapacity for ruling Ireland. Among the Irish ideas is, that the land is the property, not of the rent re ceiver, but of the cultivator. "In the moral feelings or the Irish people the right to hold the land goes, as it did in the beginning, with the right to till it." The landlords are an excrescence and a burden upon the land. Such being the prevailing Irish idea, England is abused for not comprehending it, and for not legislating according to its spirit. Before making any apology for England, in iniquitously and basely insisting upon treating the Irish as though they were English, it may be remarked that Mr. Mill himself is untrue to his own theory of a sound government for Ireland in the very pro posal which he makes—the only tangible remedy of any kind which is offered in relief of the monstrous wrongs which he recites. He has proved agr at deal too much for his own case. For if it is necessary that we should govern Ireland according to Irish principles, and if one of those pfncip7es- is that he who cultivates the land is its real owner, it is clear that Mr. Mill's scheme of a kind of general copyhold system of land tenure will not meet the required conditions. If the Irish right is to be interpreted iu the Irish sense—that is, in the Irish tenant's sens 3— then we must not only give fixity of tenure, h. we must yield absolute property. There is nothing to spew that a system of copyholds is in accordance with Irish ideas ; it is quite certain that it would be no remedy for Irish dis affection. It is not for the privilege of paying rent in perpetuity that the tenants are agitating, if they are agitating at all ; but it is the immunity from all payment that they desire. The deputation to Mr. Gladstone on the subject of trades unionism has not, in the opinion of the Post, thrown any new light on the matter. The organisation and action of trades unions, in their character of a Power assuming to control, and actually controlling, the free development of capital and the free employment of labour, whether by him who seeks to engage it or by him who possesses it and desires to take it to market, still remains a difficulty to be dealt with. If demand and supply, and supply and demand could be so perfectly adjusted that they exactly dovetailed and were exactly equivalent at all times, the problem would be solved and trades unions would be dispersed. There would be no such things as commercial speculations, manufacturers would have no ups and downs, accounts might lie kept in accord with perfectly logical ideas, as Mr. Chadwick phrases it ; the streets would be paved with gold, and the ducks would fly about ready roasted—not crying " Come eat me," but scientifically silent, as knowing that the demand would exactly, and without pressure or advertise ment, absorb the supply. But we 'nave not come to that yet ; and till we do we fear it will be found necessary that the country shall insist upon IVir. Potter and his friends substituting simple combination for complex unionism. In dealing with the case of Crossley v. Elworthy, the Daily News observes that the proceedings illustrate only too well other defects in commercial practice besides the mode of cheating by false directors' reports. The cheating was here so gross that the most moderate degree of care would have discovered it. What were the other directors about that they made no examination ? What were the auditors about that they made no comment? One of them, indeed, we perceive, has been already served with a writ for passing the accounts. But, finally, what were the shareholders about that they made no inquiry, or were satis fied with stupidly false answers ? How often must the lesson be taught that there is no way in the world of making safe and large profits without even the trouble of superintendence ? Twelve and-a-half per cent, covered all blunders and blinded the recipienti to all frauds. Perhaps some lurking suspicion that it was not really earned may 4ave . crossecrthe minds of some, but if sJ it was dismissed as too uncomfortable. The rest simply accepted the bribe to make no inquiry into their own affairs. It is this blind and greedy confidence that encourages the frauds of m a naging directors. Let us hope that a sufficiently fre quent repetition of the lesson will at last cause it to be learne of wealth sepop le have bome satisfied that uin in stead the probable consequence of re neg lect of the ordinary rules of prudence, British trade will grow sounder, and then British credit may be expected to revive. Discretion is the better part of 'valour ; 'but discretion, says the Telegraph, Of y v bi) carried so - far as to leave no room for the display likely to be ascribed7th thaeorur.• An excess of prudence is members of the Univer sity of Cambridge. After having sent sent a . challenge to their Ox - ford competitors, and their offer accepted, the captains of the college b e g at ? to compose the club have thought fit to withdraw from Ro e approaching con test on the plea of the death of the Gordon, who Cambridge was to have been a prominent memb e :T r i i crew: Now, in so far as the resolutionttrms suddenly et caused Gentleman we adopted represents the genuine and heartfeltgreengtr ho are by the untimely fate of that unfortunate gallant can have no word to say against it. Only th ese acquainted with the intimate ties of friendship n-ct men rowing in the same crews, can fully appreciate that c .en . the shock which the melancholy death of the oarsm an must have caused to his comrades Y°n a ll' ll l fePow athletes. We cannot wonder if , in the fir' i mom ent of sorrow, Mr. Gordon's friends should feel a s if they could take no : -rt in a contest from which he was removed by c eath. :;ut further reflection will probably whew the 'C o nfabs that second thoughts are best. TlO champions of the Light Blue cannot seriously believe theMselves, or expect the world to believe, that because Mr. Gordon died in Febru ar y their depression of mind will be too great to allow them to row in April. If the university race is to be kept up as a permanent institution, its continuity should be maintained at some sacrifice. Moreover, the aquatic honour of Cana); idge is at stake. For many years past the representatives of tot Cam have been defeated by the heroes of the Isis ; Lnd it is matter (y common notoriety that this year was expe ted to add another to the well-earned triumphs of Oxford. Serious difficulties have been experienced in composh g a Cam bridge crew which could enter for the great Thames struggle with any chance of success ; and the p: blic, with its rough, but not unfair, judgment will assure , ' y assu me that Mr. G or d on ' s d ea th h as been seized on at a prete for escaping from inevitable defeat. P THE ADVANCE INTO ABYSSINIA. The letters received from Abyssinia bring us intornation from Senafo up to the 2nd inst. All, or nearly all the great difficulties encountered at the outset of• the expedi tion seem to have been surmounted. The first considera tion is the route. There is now an admirable road through the Sooroo Pass. The huge boulders which bestrode the narrow pathway, like Apollyon, frowning down contemp tuous defiance upon the pigmy pilgrims who dared dispute the pass with them, and looking as immoveable as the moun tains they garrisoned, have disappeared as if by magic or miracle. The Raraguddy defile, and the steep ascent ap proaching Senafe, are now as practicable for all the purposes of the expedition as any turnpike road. In the matter of sup plies, also, the greatest difficulties have been overcome. Norton's pumps, although somewhat delicate, have worked admirably, and in addition to these there is now one at Mayen, of Bastier's, which supplies 700 gallons in an hour, and is worked for fourteen hours a day. Beyond Senaf6 the troops seem to be drawing ample sup plies from the country. Thousands of sheep and cattle can be purchased in the country through which the army will have to pass ; hay is now brought in by the Abyssinians, or cut by the native followers in such quanti ties as to supply, not only Senafe, but Raraguddy and Undal Wells besides ; and the officer in command of the Scinde Hone at Focada can buy four times as much grain daily as his horses require. LATEST FROM THE CAPTIVES.-THEODORE. There are letters from the Magdala captives dated De cember 31, r n 1 enclosing also a letter from one of the cap tives with Theodore, but they still contain only the same old story, with very slight variations. Somebody is still engaged in " watching " Theodore—a military manoeuvre which bids fair to become famous in Abyssinian tactics. Theodore is within two days' march, according to the map, of Magdala, but, nevertheless, is not expected to reach it, unless he abandons his mortars and heavy baggage, for two months. The stories about his proceedings are as strange as ever—too strange almost for invention. He is still carrying out with a vengeance his last theory, that he has a mission from God to scourge the wicked nation which refused to let itself be reformed under his gentle guidance. He sum moned his chief followers around him the other day, told them that they had better destroy him, as otherwise ha should destroy them, and then launched his spear through the body of the nearest. The rest, says the story, threw themselves down and kissed the ground. He does not spare even his own picked soldiers, and if a tithe of what is told of him be true, he is almost without a precedent in history. Other tyrants have made the nobles, the people, and the soldiery by turns their victims ; but Theodore makes war upon them all at once, and is hated only less than he is feared. FAIR NEAR SENAFE. The Daily News correspondent describes a fair which is held every Thursday, about six miles from Senaf4, at which several hundred Abyssinians collect, bringing for sale various kinds of grain, pottery, plaids of goats' wool, bullocks, and occasionally a female slave or two. "The fair," says the writer, "when I visited it, had more than an average show of pottery, plaids, and Abyssinians, but the out-turn of bullocks and grain was very scanty indeed, the commissariat having bought up the whole at six times the rates that formerly ruled at Tigr6. There was not, from one end of the hillside to the other, one single sign of prosperity, or even plenty ; and the sword and spear which almost every one carried explained the reason why. They have yet to learn the use and value of money ; the absurd prices demanded for the most trifling articles shew that the ideas prevailing regard ing dollars are such as to preclude the possibility of their deriving much advantage from the possession of them. One thing must be said to the credit of the Abyssinians— though there were several hundreds collected there, each following his own inclinations unchecked, it was the most orderly and quiet assemblage I have witnessed for a long time. Half the number of Hindoos or Parsees would have made twenty times the din ; half-a-dozen fat Bhattias in the Bombay share market would gabble two hundred Abyssinians into shame and confusion. THE DEA7II OF COLONEL DUNN. The expeditionary force and the service at large have sustained a heavy loss by the death of Colonel Dunn, V.C., commanding H. M. 'l3 33rd Foot. The gallant officer went out on the 25th ult. in quest of guinea fowl and other game with which some parts of the plateau abounded, and his gun, which had an exceedingly fine trigger, went off acci dentally while he was drinking, the charge lodging in his breast and shoulder. Being accompanied only by a native servant, assistance could not be rendered ; but, from the nature of the injuries received, the best assistance would have been of no avail. As the coveted decorations he wore shew, Colonel Dunn had seen service, and been distinguished for valour beyond most others. He served as a lieutenant in the 11th Hussars in the Eastern cam paign of 1854, including Alma, Balaclava, Inkerman, and the siege of Sebastopol, for which he received the war medal and clasps, the Turkish medal, and the Victoria Cross. The deceased officer was greatly liked by all who knew him, and by none more than by the regiment he commanded. WHAT WILL HE DO WITH THE CAPTIVES ? Six hundred of the Magdala garrison bad gone out to assist in bringing in Theodore's heavy baggage, which would now be a task of no great difficulty. The letters and messages forwarded from time to time to the captives by the King have invariably been couched in most affec tionate terms, but no reference whatever has been made to the expedition, of the approach of which he cannot but be well aware. This reticence on the subject, which must of all others occupy his mind, is undoubtedly a piece of deep-laid policy on Theodore's part ; though it is impossible to say what its signification may be. Mr. Rassam has' received no intimation, however faint, of what Theodore's intentions regarding him and his fellows are, but it seems to be the general impression that, after making a short stay at Magdala to set his house in order, he will take them all with him into the Gallas country, or away to punish the Lasta and Begemder rebels. Should he do so, the pursuit would not be a difficult matter ; for with an army, a cumbrous piece of ordnance, and a number of valuable prisoners to drag along with him, his progress would be but slow. There is, of course, the risk that, madman as he is at certain moments, he may in a drunken fit vent his fury on the captives, and provide for his own safety by flight ; or the rains, about the times and seasons of which nobody knows anything definite, may come upon us, and compel the cessation of all operations for a few months—a con tingency the result of which we can only dimly conjecture. Certain it is that if the rainy season is at all protracted, the army would have to but ; tents, which are but slight protection against the sun by day and the cold by night, would be utterly useless to ward off heavy rains. Prepara tions are already being made to meet this contingency, not only at Senaf6, but also in the Pass, where the dangers would be more varied and difficult to cope with. The Sooroo Pass, for instance, where the road lies right in the bottom of the river bed, and which all authorities agree would be a. torrent on the slightest provocation, will, if possible, be dispensed with ; and surveying operations are now, or shortly will be, in progress to discover some other safer route between Koomaylee and Undal Wells. Even if the object of the expedition is accomplished before the advent of the rains, it seems impossible that the army could be moved out of the country before that time. A VALUABLE ACCESSION. The Times correspondent writes :—" The force has just received a valuable addition in the person of Lieutenant Speedy, late of the 31st, who, at Sir Stafford Northcote's request, has come from Australia. There was a deplorable dearth of interpreters of any kind, and Lieutenant Speedy, in addition to the advantage of being an Englishman and a military man, knows Abyssinia and the language well. He was in Theodore's army in about the year 1861 as a Basha Fellaka,' whatever this high . sounding title may mean. Theodore had not then committed any of the excesses of cruelty or caprice in which he has since indulged. But the extra ordinary change which has since come over his character was just commencing, and Lieutenant Speedy did not get away from Abyssinia, in time to avoid grave risk of imp r i. sonment, and only escaping, inde3d, by threatening to cut down a royal messenger sent to arrest him, and then going himself to tell the King that apparently some mistake had been made.' Luckily, the Imperial humour had changed, and Theodore punished the luckless messenger, but let the Englishman go free." It is an echo from the Clubs that the Military Train will be at once created a non-purchase corps. SUICIDE FROM THE CRYSTAL PALACE ToWER.— A young man of fair complexion, of probably some sft. Gin. in height, and about 20 years of age, applied at the turn - table at the base of the tower to be allowed to go up, and put down a penny and a threepenny-piece. The boy in charge asked the visitor if he would take a copy of the " Guide to the Palace," as the charge for mounting the tower is but one penny. The young man took up his money, told the boa he did not want the book, and passed upstairs. At. about 5.30 the body of the youth was seen to fall from the gallery of the tower by another visitor. The body fell near the blacksmith's shop, and only a few feet from the base of the tower. On searching the body a Church Service was found upon it, the gift of a person whose name was not very intelligibly written, to Thomas Lee, which, it is believed, was the name of the unhappy youth who has so terribly destroyed his own life. The face is still recognisable, but the body is much mutilated. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. - .r LINCOLN SPRING MEETING.—WEDNEsDAy. The Blanks y Stakf sof 15 soya each, 5 ft, with CO added' two year olds Est 91b, three 9st ; mares and geldings allowed 31b. Brocklesby Stakes Course. Mr. Jos. Dawson's Do Vere, by St. Albans—Apricot, 2 yrs, Est 91b Mr. T. V. Morgan's Electricity, 2 yrs, 6st 61b (Butler) 2 Mr. R. Walker's Catton, 3 yrs, 9st The following also ran :—Viridior, Lady Diana, Re sistance, and Woful. _ Betting-2 to 1 agst De Vere, sto 2 agst Electricity, and sto 1 agst Catton. Won by a head. Match 100 sous. Half a mile. Duke of Newcastle's Ninny, by St.Albans—Nina, 3 yrs, Bst 71b Mr. Chaplin's Deliurn, 4 yrs, Bst 101 b Paid The City Handicap of 5 sovs each, with 50 added Six furlongs. Mr. H. Savile's Reindeer, by Mountain Deer - Sultana, aged, 7st 71b (Maidment) 1 Mr. W. F. Easter's Lady Zetland, 3 yrs, fist 111 b (inc. 3lb extra) (W. Platt) 2 Mr. R. H. Jones's Skylark, aged, 7st 111 b (Flibberd) 3 The following also ran :—Artesian, Ulphus, Narino, Sweet Anne, Ainsley, Despair, Le Ferte Fresnel, Peggy, Warrior, Valorous, Hopleaf, Derwent, Mars, and Queen of Italy. Betting 1 5 to 1 agst Ulphus, 6to 1 agst Reindeer, 10 to 1 agst Artesian, Bto 1 agst Warrior, 100 to 12 agst Valor 011e, 10 to 1 agst Lady Zetland, 100 to 8 agst Ainsley. Won by two lengths. The All-aged Selling Stakes of 5 sous each, with 30 added ; two year olds 7st, three 9st, four 9st 91b, five and up wards lOst. Brocklosby stakes Course. Sir F. Johnstone's c by Marsyas—Guile-2 yrs, ist (T. Sadler) tw.o. Mr. Price's Cater, 3 yrs, 9st (Parry) t Mr. York's Fire Ball, 2 yrs, 6st 111 b (Johnston) 3 The following also ran : —Carolina, Camerita„ Hispa niola, Lady Allcash, and Van Diernan. Betting-5 to 2 agst the Guile colt, 3to 1 agst Vat.. Dieman, 6to 1 agst Fire Bell, and 100 to 15 each agst Camerita and Cater. Dead heat. Deciding heat : The Guile colt walked over, Cater having been found to be lame after the race. The Lincoln Club Cup of 200 soya, for two year olds; cults, Bst 1.01 b; fillies and geldings, Bst 71b. Breeklesby Stakes Course. Mr. C. Rayner, jun.'s, colt by Glenmasson—Cicada, Bst 10113 .....(T. French) 1 Mr. Beadman's King of the Rovers, Bst 101b...(Clement 2 Duke of Newcastle's Lure, Bst 71b (Daley 3 The following also ran :—Gitano, Sister to Veda, Number Nip, Little Doody, The Rajah, Adolphus, and Workman. Betting-100 to 30 agst Number Nip, 4 to 1 agst the Cicada colt, 6 to 1 each agst Lure and Sister to Veda, 7 to 1 agst King of the Rovers, 10 to 1 each agst Rajah and Workman. Won by a head. The Scurry Handicap of 5 sovs each, with 25 added, for all ages ; a winner after the weights are published 71b extra. Brocklesby Stakes Course. Sir F. J ohnstune's Di Vernon, by Young Melbourne— Chase, 3 yrs, Est 71b (car. Est 91b ...(Kenyon) 1 Mr. Bevill's Benevolence, 3 yrs, Est 111 b (Butler) 2 Mr. Pryor's Claymore, 4 yrs, Bst 71b .....(H. Covey) 3 The following also ran :—Maid Marian, Ninny, Miss Camerinc, Veni, Delium, Redivivus, Traviata, Festival, and Butterfly filly. Betting-100 to 30 agst Di Vernon, 40 to 1 agst Clay more, 6 to 1 agst Benevolence, 7 to 1 agst Festival, 10 to 1 agst Delium. Won by a neck. - - The Grand Steeplechase (handicap) of 10 sovs each, 5 ft, and only 3 if declared, with 100 added ; winners of a steeplechase of 100 sovs after the weights are published 81h, twice or 200 121 b extra; the second to save his stake. Four miles. 40 subs. Mr. H. Owen's The Doctor, by the Cure -.Margaret of Anjou, aged, list 31b (G. Holman) 1 Mr. Chaplin's Emperor 111., aged 11st 31b (Mr. Goodman) 2 Mr. T. Gough's Meanwood, aged, 12st 71b (Page) 3 The following also ran:—Bridegroom, Wings of the Wind, Fly by Night, Effic , , Diana, and Bosco. Betting-6 to 4 agst The Doctor, 6to 1 agst Mean wood, 8 to 1 agst the Emperor, 10 to 1 each agst Diana and Effi... Won in a canter by three lengths. Match.-100 h ft. One Mile. Sir F. Johnstone's Historian, by Stockwell—Alma, aged, Bgt 71b ...... (Parry) 1 Mr S. Thelluson's Leases, 4 yrs, Bst 71b (Fordham) 2 The betting opened at 5 to 4 on Historian, and closed at 11 to 10 on Leases. A splendid race, the old one winning by a head. The Juvenile Selling Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 4 added, for two year olds ; colts Bst 101 b, fillies and geldings Bst 71b ; the winner to be sold for 50 sovs. Brocklesby Stakes course. Mr. T. Jennings's Mons. Louis, by Nutbourne—Mdlle do Champiguy, Bst 101 b (Grimshaw) 1 Mr. Hodgman's Brother to Venomous, Bst 71b (Fordham) 2 Mr. York's Fire Bell, Bst 71b (H. Covey) 3 THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 20, 1868 EXPANSION AND REPUDIATION. There is no disguising the fact that public opinion is undergoing a change in the United States on the question of redeeming the National Bonds in green backs. When first openly advocated by Mr. PEN DLETON, the cry of indignation was so loud that many believed it was national. The truth is, that the cry came from the holders of Bonds. On them the proposition acted immediately, for they were .. _ directly interested ; on the mass it acted slowly, for their interests were indirect, and therefore more remote. Mr. PENDLETON'S arguments were torn to pieces, and cast contemptuously to the winds. When General BUTLER stepped into the ring as the Republican champion of Repudiation, and was followed by THADDEUS STEVENS, notwithstanding the severe punishment inflicted on his predecessor, many began to fear that these practised politi cians saw a deeper current than they detected. Time is, we fear, showing them to be right ; for the indications arc too clear to be mis understood. On the 27th January General BEATTY, the Republican candidate, was elected for the Eighth District of Ohio, lately represented by Mr. HAMILTON, who in December was killed by his insane son. General BEATTY pronounced in favour of greenback redemption, while his opponent declined to commit himself. In October, 1866, the Repub licans carried the District by a majority over 1,800, in 1867, by only 200, showing a strong Conservative reaction ; yet working against this, the Republicans have suddenly obtained a majority of a thousand, and the impression is that the West will elect no candidate, whatever be his political principles, who does not pledge himself to greenback redemption. Mr. WILSON, of lowa, spoke in the House in favour of this measure, adding another to the champions of Repudiation. Parson BitowNLow wrote to the Republican Convention at Nashville, advising a declaration in favour of paper payment, and although the Convention resolved that the national faith be kept inviolate, and the Bonds paid in gold, still, it is a sign of the times, when men like the Governor of Tennessee throw themselves so ear nestly into the ranks of a party. Mr. INGERSOLL has made a direct attempt to increase the volume of paper money by the issue of 45,000,000 fresh greenbacks—thus undoing the work of Mr. M'CUL LOCH, and again bringing it back to V 00,000,000. Senator THURMAN, of Ohio, in his speech at Mans field, said, as to "these Five-Twenty Bonds, amount ing to about two thousand millions, it is simple impudence in any man to pretend that this Go vernment ever promised to pay their principal in gold. The interest we did promise to pay in gold, but the principal never in anything but what is the legal tender of the country." As sociated with this question of an increase in the cir culation is that of redemption. The premium on gold must hinge on the volume of paper money, and in proportion to the increase of greenbacks will be the difference between their nominal and real values, or, in other words, the premium on gold. Were it not for the barometer which the gold-room keeps before the eyes of the people, the inducements to stray into a fool's paradise would be even greater than they now are. Money is plentiful at the chief American marts, stocks and shares are advancing, and the market is buoyant in expectation of the old stimulant being applied, but gold stea lily rises. the greater the difference iu value between it and the paper money in circulation, the greater the in ducement to redeem in the depreciated tender. If the people resolve to affix on the nation the stigma of dishonesty, they are not likely to neglect the op portunity of benefiting by it as largely as possible. There can be no object in discussing paper redemp tion if paper closely approximates iu value to gold, and if the intention were to secure for the United States within a short period a return to specie pay ment, it would be superfluous folly to discuss green back redemption. The question of inflation is one to be resisted now, or never. Once a family gives way to the temptation of meeting a temporary pressure by borrowing from capital, on the return of the pressure the same remedy will be applied, and it is then on the high road to ruin. This simple expedient brought the Railway interests of Eng land into collapse, and this economic law will do for a nation what it does for a railway company, or a family. But the road to ruin will be even smoother in the ease of a nation; for the ruin will not in reality be national, and only the bondholders directly suffer. Let it be decided that the Five-Twenties are to be redeemed in currency, a direct gain then accrues to the Union, from making that currency as cheap as possible. If it be annihilated in value—the Debt is wiped out ; if it be depreciated 100 per cent., half the Debt is gone ; therefore a premium i 3 offered to the Treasury to depreciate to the lowest point its own promises to pay. When the next stagnation in trade occurs, all parties will turn for help to their paper mill ; the aid required by specu lators will there be found, and if the currency be de- preciated, so much the better, for in that proportion will the National Debt be obliterated. An odd story is told by the New York Nation, which gives another view of the subject. Rhode Island, at the close of the war of Independence, was divided into specie and paper-money parties. The latter, backed by the exigencies of the moment, gained con trol of the Government, and a paper money bank was established. Every effort was made to give the bills loaned, an intrinsic value, and heavy•penalties were enacted against persons re fusing to receive them at par. Notwithstanding, not only were the bills refused, but traders closed their shops and merchants their offices, preferring not to do any business than to take them, and dis loyalty became so rife that another forcing Act was necessary. These the Judges declared void, and were summoned into the presence of the Govern ment to assign their reasons. Though bills were plentiful, money was so scarce that barter was the only mode of trade, and but eight months after the establishment of the bank, one-fourth •of the debt was directed to be paid off in bills received for taxes, this paper having already depreciated 500 per cent. The holders of Government Securities were required to present them within six weeks, and receive five shillings in the pound thereon or to forfeit that amount, interest to cease immediately. [he Judges were changed, and another quarter of the debt ordered to be paid as before, when the bills of the State fell to eight for one. They c3n cinued to depreciate until the neighbouring States prohibited the trial by their Courts of any suit for debt brought by a citizen of Rliode Island ; and, finally, disloyalty triumphed, the Legal-Tender Act was repealed, and the bills settled at fifteen for one. Rhode Island was then aided by the vigorous patriot , ism induced by the war, and the State had a stringent penal law against speculators. Strong efforts were made to induce the other States to follow the example, which luckily failed. The same arguments were used then as now, and a far greater necessity existed for currency to stimulate industry. Rhode Island was the only State 4 , which attempted to alleviate the poverty caused by the war by furnish ing ready-made money to the debtors," and her reputation, unenviable then, has not at all improved with the lapse of time. The Nation calls attention to the historical fact, that every precaution was taken by Rhode Island to prevent depreciation which human ingenuity could devise. The Legal render Act was penal ; payment secured by mort gage ; yet, in three years, fifteen for one was the current rate. " This was a fact which meant so much that churches excommunicated members for attempting to pay their creditors under the legal tender privilege. It meant stagnation of business, tumult, danger within and danger without ; in a word, it meant all that can be meant by a resolu. lion on the part of a little more than half a commu nity not to pay its debts to the remainder ; and the difference—between this condition of affairs and that in which a man who measures six feet declines to pay the bill of a m►n who measures five, relying upon the difference of measurement rather than any equitable defence —is difficult for any one desti tute of a very legal training to sec." Referring to the present effort in the west, the Nation remarks : " GOD has not worked a miracle, and is not going to work a miracle, for the benefit of the West, though the prairies were twice as big, and the coal-fields twice as deep ; and the West may rely on it, it will yet come full butt against the laws of nature, and find it a skull-cracking-experience." :That the price of Government Bonds keeps up may, to a cer- Sleeping Beauty and Hispaniola also ran. Betting-2 to 1 agst Brother to Venomous, sto 2 agst and Monsieur a half. The Full Cry Steeplechase Stakes of 5 soya each,:with 50 added ; four year olds list 21b, five 12st, six and aged 12st 71b ; half-breds allowed 41b ; about 4 miles. Mr. Llevrellen's Zinganee, by Zouave, 6 yrs, 11t 121 b (Mr. Wilmot) 1 Mr. Welfitt's Barbarian (h b), 5 yrs, list 51b (Mr. Richarason) 2 Mr. J. J. Clark's Lord of the Vale (h b), 6 yrs, 12st 31b (Mr. Brockton) 3 The following also ran :—Diver (late Peter), The Nor man, Violin, Be n B o lt , R eg i nald, Brockles b y. I Mr. Welfitt declared to win with Brocklesby. Betting-6 to 4 agst Brocklesby, 4to 1 agst Reginald, 6to 1 agst Zinganee, and 10 to 1 agst Barbarian. Won by a head. THE GREAT WATERLOO CUP. FIRST ROUND. Mr. W. Barden ns Hawk beat Hon. C. C. Molyneux ns Symphony (3). Mr. J. Bake ns Royal Seal beat Mr. G. F. Wise ns What's the Tip ? Mr. Randell ns Cock Robin boat Mr. C. E. Marilaet ns •- Trifle. Mr. J. I3gleby ns Innkeeper beat Mr. B. H. Jones ns Just (Joining. Mr. J. Savage ns Crumbs beat Mr. S. Mallabey ns Bethel. Mr. J. Jardine ns Patent Lever beat Mr. R. Patterson ns Peer of the Realm. Mr. W. G. Borron ns Belzoni boat Mr. J. Cunningham ns Bedlamite. Lord Stair ns Strange Idea beat Dr. Richardson ns Tak' Tent. Mr. F. Bartholomew ns Dreadnought beat Sir C. Moly neux ns Mr. S. Swinburne ns Stonewall Jackson beat Mr. F. Johnston ns Jesuitess. Mr. J. Dunlop of Julia beat Mr. J. Hodson ns Saucebox. Capt. Vyners ns Ventre St. Gris beat Mr. J. Russell ns Spy Girl (2 drawn). Mr. T. Neville ns Sunbeam beat Mr. R. Williams ns Dark Rhitornella. Mr. T. Green us Gipsy Jack beat Mr. T. J. Reed ns Tees Maid. Mr. W. Deighton ns Wellington beat Mr. J. Johnston ns Justitia. Mr. C. S. Lister ns Charming May beat Mr. Hyslop as Ebony. Mr. W. Long ns Sir John beat Colonel Goodlake ns Moss _ _ Trooper. Mr. W. M. Gilmour ns Ghillie Callum boat Lord Garliet , ns Great Go. Lord Grey de . Wilton ns Peruvian beat Mr. W. H. Dean ns Weasel. Mr. W. H. Massey ns Master No beat Mr. J. Evans ns Royal Letters. Mr. W. J. Legh nbLobeliaboat Capt. Wyndham ns Bishop of Oxford. Mr. N. Saxton ns Christmas Day beat Mr. E. Croft ns Champion (2). M. G. Blanshard ns Bab-at-the-Bowster beat Mr. E. W. Trinder ns Whiz and Fiz. Lord Eglinton ns Fanatic beat . Mr. S. Smyth ns Callirboe. Lord Lurgan ns Master M'Grath beat Mr. J. Blackstock ns Bello of Scotland. Sir Robert Peel ns Kalista beat Mr. J. F. Armistead ns Attila. Mr. J. S. Bland ns Letitia beat Mr. J. Gibson's Ronald (1). Mr. W. 11. Clark's Marionette beat Mr. C. F. Allison', Abyssinian. Mr. R. Jardine's Improver beat Mr. Blundritt's Action. Mr. Brocklebank's Brigade beat Mr. J. Spinks ns Jane Anne. Mr. Haywood's Rustic Charms beat Mr. J. H. Blundell ns Crossfell. Mr. A. Graham's Gelachossa beat Lord Sefton's Spiced Ale. Royal Seal beat Hawk. Cock Robin beat Innkeeper. Patent Lever beat Crumbs (1). Belzoni beat Strange Idea. Stonewall Jackson beat Dreadnought (1). Ventre St. Gris beat Julia. Gipsy Jack beat Sunbeam (1). Charming May beat Wellington. Ghillie Callum beat Sir John. Peruvian boat Master Ivo. Lobelia beat Christmas Day (1). Bab-at-the-Boaster beat Fanatic. Master M•Grath beat Kalista. Marionette beat Letitia. Brigade beat Improver. Rustic Charms beat Gelachossa. [ADVERTISEMENT.] --Holloway's Pills.—lt is t ilfllcult to determine which is the more trying to health —intense cold or excessive heat, though everybody knows that sudden transitions from the one to the other teem witli disease, which may in most instances be staved off by an early resort to these purifying, regulating, and strengthen ing pills. This well known and highly esteemed medics: e affords a safe and easy remedy for almost every constitu tional wrong which climates, changes, or dietetic errors can engender, and effectually removes any weakness sel indulgent habits may have induced. In all conditions oh the system bordering on disease, indicated by apatl ay, list lessness, and restlessness, H o ll oway ' s p ill s w ill pro ye espe cially serviceable in begetting a vivacity appreciated by both sound and sick. tain degree, show confidence ; but faith has lately been much shaken in all the other securities in America, as well as in Europe, and men who know they are treading on dangerous ground are not deterred, feeling confident, that however perilous for others, their keen intelligence will enable them to back out at the proper time. In London, there were thousands in 1865 who knew that the majority of the joint-stock companies, in whose shares they dealt, were rubbish, but trusted to their informatio n to make a gain, out of w hat to others might be ruinous loss. The true policy is to fund the National Debt in interminable gold-bearing bonds, and thus finally to dispose of a subject that has done so much within the last few months to injure the credit of the United States, which Senator SHERMAN consider can be settled by the adoption of a Bill converting Five-Twenties into a long loan bearing 41 to 5 per cent. interest in gold. The loss to the holders of Five- Twenties has already been enormous, for had this question not been discussed, there is no other Govern ment Security that would have advanced so rapidly in the late rise. It is not creditable to the United States that the richest of all countries, the one with incomparably the greatest future—the one whose debt bears the smallest proportion to its ability to pay—should be quoted so :low.—Anglo-American 7 Imes. DETERIORATION IN AMERICAN MANNERS. Thera, is a paper in the Galaxy on deterioration in American manners. "Nothing is surer," the re viewer asserts, "or it would seem more manifest than that during the last twenty years our manners and the tone of our society have suffered a great and wide-spread deterioration. Americans are to-day less courteous than their fathers were, less deferen tial to age and weakness, less careful in the sup pression of selfishness, coarser iu their pleasures, more grossly material in all their views of life." The Nation takes up and controverts this assertion. It argues that this is alleged against -a generation which begins to talk of protecting the weakness of woman by giving her an equal share with man in the government of the State, which was led by a desire of protecting weakness to emancipate millions of slaves, which, from humanitarian motives as much as from motives of policy, begins to abolish capital punishment, and treats its criminals with a tenderness of kindnes. Taking amusements in New England, the Nation asserts that the last gene ration had rum and no theatres, " the average young man even within twelve miles of Boston chased a greased pig on Thanksgiving morning, skated or 'slid down hill' in the winter. In summer at tended a church pic-nic, went fishing now and then, and on the Fourth of July fired at a mark, or went to the city to see the fireworks. The average young woman went to an occa sional quilting party, an occasional husking, an occasional sleigh- ride, perhaps to a dance.' To meeting she and her brother of course went regu larly; the evening meeting was perhaps some thing in the way of amusement, and was by no means a purely devotional exercise. Her suc cessor goes in pretty regularly to Messrs. Williams and Everett's exhibition rooms or to De Vries and Ibarra's ; each winter she attends a course of lyceum lectures ; she sees Booth in Roy Blas' and Hamlet ;' she probably has a piano ; she , reads some of the books in a tolerable . public library. Her brother's successor is also in the lyceums and on the committee to hire lecturers ; indulges more freely than his father in the con templative man's recreation, smoking ; oftener runs in to the city theatre and less often goes to circuses; will have nothing to do with chasing greased pigs, and perhaps has more to do with a trotting park than his father had. Now, as amusements, we suppose one may properly call these not coarser but more refined amusements than those they have displaced. Not that there is no fault to be found with them, but condemnation of these as compared with the amusements of twenty or thirty years ago seems to us a mistake." The Nation admits that in certain circles of society in great cities, composed of the newly rich, there is a constant display of excessively bad manners, the whole tone of such society being low. But this is not a wide-spread deterioration. r'or example, Miss Fanny Ellsler would not to-day be received into the same num ber of good houses in New York as she was some twenty years ago. Mr. Dickens would be received with due civility and kindness, but the people would not show so little dignity and self-respect as on his visit twenty-seven years ago. " Society is less raw and provincial now than then ; the people have s.•en more, they have read more, they have mixed more with people of other nationalities, they have fought more and had to think more, they have spent more for ideas and given more away than their fathers ever did—in brief, the national charac ter laas been raised.and dignified, and with it, we believe, the national standard of good manners. Certain persons in avenues in New York who give " cheap and huugries," are not " the American people taken by and large," and a comparison of the manners of such persons with the manners of the Knickerbocker families of the old times—of the times " below Bond -street"—the families and times and manners we all regret so much—gives no data 'or generalizing about the manners of the American people." The error into which the Galaxy reviewer has fallen is this : there is an undoubted change of style both in America and in England ; there is less ceremonial both in dress and manners than was the fashion with our fathers. Gentlemen do not now invariably dine in evening dress. Instead of em broidered velvet, Scotch tweeds are worn ; high heeled shoes and elaborate buckles have been re placed by thick-soled half boots; people do not bow so low nor address each other with the same elaborate ceremony. There is a greater ease in manners as in dress, and it is not improbable that this may give occasion for greater and more frequent displays of coarseness and vulgarity. The present school of man ners makes rules, as the Nation observes, for equals, rather than for superiors and inferiors, for men who work, rather than for people who idle. America, no doubt, has been mainly instrumental in intro ducing the new mode which has deceived the re viewer into the idea of deterioration. He must look, however, beyond the mere outside, and he will find that the Nation is correct in this assertion, " that it no more encourages selfishness or unkindness, or meanness or contempt . for the weak, or gross mate rialism than did that other school of manners which was illustrated by the framers of the Fugitive Slave Law, the host and hostesses of Fanny Ellsler, the business men for whom the phrase almighty dol lar' was invented, the gentlemen whom Josiah Quincy had to fight hard before the noble amuse ment of the theatre could be introduced into Bos ton. In punctiliousness our. fathers beat us—beat us so badly that we have reason to be not proud, but very proud. But *'should be glad to see a reasonable ninetee3th-cdritury definition of the gen tleman which would put Abraham Lincoln's con stituents, as gentlemen, below Mr. Franklin Pierce's." A Christian convention has been held in Dr. Cuyler's church, Brooklyn. Among the subjects discussed were the methods of reaching the poor and ignorant popu lation of our cities, the mission stations of our churches, and the ravages of intemperance. _ _ _ LADVERTISEMENT.]—DR Barry s Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which contains three times the nourishment of the best meat, saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, restores perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled, removing speedily and effectually indigestion (dyspepsia), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, liver complaints, flatulency, nervous, ness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds, influenza noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, erup tions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, pal pitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea, and sickness, sinking fits, coughs, asthma, bronchitis, incipient consumption, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach, between the shoulders, &c. We quote a few out of 68,000 cures :—The Pope's health restored by Du Barry's Food.—Cure No. 63,413. Rome, July '2l, 1866.—The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially since, aban dolling all other remedies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabia" Food, of which he consumes a plateful at very meal. It has produced a surprisingly benefl clod effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too highly."—From the "Gazette du Midi," July '25. Cure No. 49,832.—" Of fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomiting." Maria Joly, Wortham, Ling, near Diss, Norfolk.—Cure No. 47,121.—Mi5s Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Herts, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Important Caution.—Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously attached In tins at is. W.; 1 lb., 2s 9d. ; '2 lbs., 4s. 6d, ; 5 lbs. 118.; 121135., 225.; 24 lbs., 40s.—BARRY DU BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason, 182, Piccadilly; and at 61, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside ; 63, 150, and M, Oxford-street 330 Strand; and all grocers and chewists. MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. i s :From the Anglo-American Times.) On the night of the 9th of January, at Memphis, a notorious thief, named Jim Burns, was arrested while effecting an entrance into the dry goods sote of 11. hunts and Co. lie was conveyed to gaol, and on entering his cell discovered another prisoner, named M'Carthy, lying asleep, and as saulted him, nearly strangling him. M'Carihy, frenzied with pain, assaulted Burns in turn, and be fore the guards could interfere gouged Burns' eyes out of their sockets. On the 7th January an affray occurred at Dyersburg, West Tennessee. The sheriff, Parkington, attempted to arrest an old man named Duncan on the street. Duncan drew a pis tol and fired, shooting off the thumb of the sheriff. His son, who was standing near, drew his pistol and fired, killing Duncan. A son of the latter coming up fired, killing young Parkington in stantly. The sheriff seeing his son killed, drew his pistol and shot young Dune Li' through the heart. The most intense excitement followed. Owing to the numerous relations of both parties, further trouble is apprehended. _ On the evening of the 10th January, three boys of the village of Amherst, Massachusetts, and three students of the Agricultural College, attacked, in the College dormitory, Clarence B. Brown, a mem ber and janitor of the institution. It appears that Cook, one of the village boys, had been removed from the College, and suspecting Brown to have reported him, he determined thus to revenge him self. The plan was to induce Brown to open his door, when the party were to rush in and administer the punishment with raw hides. One knocked at the door, but Brown being in bed refused him ad mission. They went into the back room, and get ting access to the bedroom ventilator, broke all the glass. By a skeleton key they managed to open the door, when Brown attacked them with a stove wrench, and drove his assiilauts into an adjoining room. Feeling sure he had no pistols, they returned with more confidence. The door was broken open, and Brown was seized by three on one side and one on the other, and brought to the floor. His only wea pon was a small cabinetmaker's chisel, with which he slashed right and left, stabbing one in four places, another in three, and three others (among whom was Cook) in one. This dispersed the party; and as Graves was going down stairs he slipped, and so violently struck his head that there is smell chance of his recovery, the others are progress ing favourably. Young Brown is from Florence, of excellent character; and President Clark so fully endorses the course he pursued, that he has pre sented him with a scholarship, of which the annual income is $204. The Springfield Republican says very inconsistently, that, " If the•Coliege authorities do not introduce a reform among the students, every Christain parent sending a son to college will need to add hereafter to the Bible and Prayer Book a Smith and Weeson revolver and a dirk knife, with instructions to use as occasion requires." The trial of Gen. George W. Cole at Albany for the murder of L. Harris Hiscock, the seducer of his wife, was appointed to commence on Monday, Jan. 27, and its progress and developments will be awaited with the deepest interest. The defence claim to be confident of an acquittal, and to have secured tes timony which will startle the public and show Mr. Hiscock to have been a libertiie of the most corrupt and abandoned sort, the despoiler of the virtue of many others than the unfortunate woman for whom he was sacrificed. The legal talent engaged is of the highest order, and the professional interest in the trial will be fully equal to that of the general public. We learn by the last mail that the trial has been postponed. A n ashington telegram, of the 26th ult., says : —" The new treaty between the Feejee Islands and the United States has just been received at the Department of State. It is rather vague in point of stipulation and eccen tric in form, consisting simply of an immense tooth of a whale, richly variegated in colour, at the ends of which is attached a strongly twisted grass cord, which serves as a handle, or as binding the treaty. The naval agent who delivered the tooth was instructed to say to the President that it was a treaty by which the King of the Feejeos mortgaged his island to the United States for the payment of the instalments or indemnity duo to the United States, to continue for three years ; the President, on his part, to agree to prevent the rival Feejee King from levying war against the legitimate Sovereign during the continuance of the nurtgage. On being asked how the treaty was to ba ratified and exchangel, the agent said his instructions wera that if the President accepts the tooth, then the treaty is established. If he declines the treaty, he is to return the tooth to the King of the Feejee Islands. The treaty or tooth was wrapped in a rude cloth, made from the inner bark of a tree, without skinning or weaving. It is not known whether this irregular treaty will be sent to the Se nate for ratification. Seine years ago three seamen deserted from a United States vessel, and took shelter on the Feejee Islands. An officer went in search of them, and appealed to the authorities there to assist in their capture. After much prevarication the King admitted that the deserters had been eaten by his people: A demand was at that time made for indemnity, when the Sovereign a: reel to give a stipulated sum. One of the inst.ilments was paid (perhaps 20 years ago), and the object of the present treaty, or tooth arrangement, is forwarded by the King as an evidence of his good faith, and to s how that he has not forgotten his pecuniary obligation. A correspondent of the New York 'limes, writing from Lynchburg, in Virginia, says :—" I think the Southern correspondent of Northern journals have run into much extravagances in describing the condition of affairs in the Southern States —at least so far as our supplies of provisions are concerned. Thera is no scarcity of bread and meat in Virginia, and I do not credit the intimation that there is any very alarming scarcity of provisions in the other Southern States. There is doubtless distress iu locali ties, and among the poorer classes, here and there ; but when the terms starvation and famine are used, I think I have reason to protest my incredulity. Remember, that we have a four months' remedy for starvation, in our in digenous crop of Indian corn. In large portions of the Gulf States they may plant this crop in early spring, and it ripens in four months. For more than a month before maturing it is a nutritious and delight ful food for man and beast. The correspon dents alluded to rather indicate a prospective famine than an existing one; but this benignant gift of Indian corn dispels all fear of starvation lying in wait for us in the future. In many and large districts of the South this plant grows to an abundant yield, and is - cultivated at a minimum cost of,labour, and two crops may be made in the year. if you would know tho secret of the rapid increase of our late slave . population, mid our unrivalled success in the growth of cotton before the war, it will be found in the extraordinary qualities of this crop of Indian corn, which gave bread, to three-fourths of the Southern *population, and upon which were reared and fattened the animals which supplied us with meat. It was this crop which enabled us to compete successfully with the rice-fed " free labourers" of India in the production of cotton. The New York Independent says :--The Union League Club, which rendered such important services to the nation during the war, awl whose elegant rooms on Union-square were the scene of so many patriotic demon strations, has taken a ten years' lease of the very spacious building on Madison-square, which was first de signed as a residence for its builder, Mr. Leo nard W. Jerome, and afterwards changed into a club house for the New York Jockey Club. When the Union League Club rented the Parish Mansion, on Union-square, on a five years' lease, at a rental of $5,000 a year, it was considered a very high rent; but now the present owner of the house demands $lB,OOO a year for the renewal of the lease, and Mr. A. T. Stewart, who ought to know the value of up-town property, says the price is cheap. Among the lecturers in New York this winter is a seceding Shaker, who gives humorous lectures on the ways of the disciples of Ann Lee. Edgar A. Poe's autograph is thus advertised by Horace Greeley. He says :—" A gushing youth once wrote use to this effect : Dear Sir, Among your literary trea sures you haie doubtless preserved several autographs of our country's late lamented poet, Edgar A Poe. if so, and you can spare one, please enclose it to me, and receive the thanks of yours,trulys I promptly responded as follows: 'Dear Sir, ---Among my literary treasures there happens to be exactly one autograph of our coun try's late lamented poet, Edgar A. Poe. It is his nose of hand fur $5O, with my endorsemeet across the back. It cost me exactly $5O 75c (including protest), and you may have it for half that amount.—Yours, respectfully.' That autograph, I regret to say, remains ou my hands, and is still for sale at the original price, despite the lapse of time, and the depreciation of our currency." ACADEMY OF MUSIC. - The last Japanese company, which has been kindly permitted to leave their native land by the unexampled generosity of the great Tycoon, are holding forth at the Academy, and aro emphatically the Japs of all Japs. They do more difficult feats, wear more gor geous dresses, make more frightful noises, and are more singularly hideous than any Orientals we have ever met in the course of our life. An elderly hyena who plumes him self upon the name of Ha-ya-ta• kee, is one of the most ex traordinary and peculiar performers for public pence and patronage that has been irdlicted upon us for a long period. Those lucky people who had neither money noor free tickets to get in may thank their respective planets for their poverty. The ridiculous antics of the saffron coloured, shrivelled old guy were beyond and beneath de scription. He renders himself and his nation a laughing stock in an entertainment entitled, " The Dangers and Trials of Love." If it is a correct representation of Japa nese love-making we should not wonder to learn that all sensible Japs live and die bachelors. There is a little girl—so-called, the boys and girls all look alike—who does a very difficult and clever trick of balancing. To those who have not enjoyed the Japs already the enter tainment is well worth visiting. • The fT'all-street Journal states that the Central Pacific Railroad Company proposes to push forward the line across the plains energetically the present year, and have organ ized a force of 10,000 men to carry on the work through Humboldt County. The Central Company also have two corps of engineers surveying the route between San Fran cisco and Sacramento, intending to complete the connec tion of the two cities as soon as possible. The Government Commissioners for the Union Pacific Railroad have reported to the Secretary of the Interior that they find the 16th section of 30 miles of said road, commenc ing at the 510th mile-post and terminating at the 540th mile post west from Omaha, well constructed and ready for im mediate service, and therefore recommended the acceptance of the sect on. The President of the United States has ac cepted the section, and ordered the pate is and bonds accruing by law to be issued to the company. The 540th mile post, where this section ends, is 7,525 feet above tide water. The Union (Omaha) Pacific Railroad Company have notified the Government that they intend to construct a railroad from Denver to the main road, a distance of one hundred and two miles, and have it completed in October next. The ground of the Colorado Central Railroad was broken on New Year's-day with great ceremony, at Golden City. The road is to connect with the Union Pacific Railroad at Cheyenne via Denver. The California and Oregon and Marysville Railroad Companies have consolidated, and will hereafter be known as the California and Oregon Railroad Company. STREET RAILROADS IN CHICAGO.—The gross receipts of the three city railroad companies in Chicago during the past year are estimated as follows :—South 8275,000 ; West Division, $322,000 ; North Division, $129,000. Total, $7z6,000. The average daily receipts may be rowghly estimated at about $2O per car. The Metropolitan (Street) Railroad Company of Boston has earned its 10 per cent. dividend, and has a surplus of over $70,000 this year. It has carried 10,300,000 passen gers since Jan. 1. NEW EXPRESS COMPANY. —The San Francisco papers announce the incorporation of a new express company. The Pacific Union, which starts with a capital of 3,000,000 dollars divided into 30,000 shares of 100 dollars each. This company proposes to do a general express, exchange, collection, and commission business in the United States and Territories, and in such foreign countries as may be desired. The president is Mr. A. K. Grim, and the board of trustees includes eight other gentlemen. Arrangements are now making to open offices throughout the Pacific coast, and China and Japan. THE UNITED STATES RAILROAD SCREW SPIKE. Tho importance of obtaining security in railway travel ling is a subject every one can appreciate, and every in vention which renders accidents less frequent cannot fail to interest. The Iron Age of Jan. 30 devotes much of its space to an explanation of a new description of screw spike for railroads, intended to supersede the common driving spike. A company has recently been formed in New York for its manufacture, and are at present engaged in preparing tools for putting in the screws with ease and rapidity, which it is believed will reduce the cost to below that of driving the ordinary spike. The Iron Age gives a cut which clearly shows that the contrivance is simply a wood screw with a double-hooked head. "It is designed to hold the rail more firmly to the tie, and to avoid work ing loose as the present description of spike does, and in this way to prevent the starting of the rails, which is the cause of so many accidents. "That a scrawls a more secure fastening than a nail, it is of course unnecessary to argue—the extent to which the one has displaced the other where strain or traction is in volved is the evidence of this, and it only seems strange that a principle so simple and so obvious should have been overlooked in fastening down iron rails on wooden ties or sleepers. "In order to remove the rail it will only be necessary to reverse the screw one quarter; and when replacing it, turn the screw back to its original position, when the rail will be held as firmly as before. The ties will thus be saved from the injury of splits, checks, an i the numerous holes made in them by repeatedly clrawine and replacing spikes in which water will collect, causing their rapid decay. By the use of the screws, therefore, the durability of the ties will be greatly increased and equalized. Be sides, when the rails are loose the ties are cut by the re peated blows made on them by the rails, and are thereby materially damaged ; on the contrary, where the screw is used the rails are held so firmly in their place that this in jury is prevented. The saving to railway companies in ties alone, it is estimated, will more than pay the whole cost of the screws. Where none but soft wood can be obtained for ties, the screw manifestly possesses a still greater advantage over the spike. " It is also calculated that in consequence of the screws holding the rails to the ties so firmly, a less number will be required than of ordinary spikes, also a very great saving will be realised in the wear of the rolling stock and rails. Tee considerable loss arising from loose, bent, broken, and missing spikes, will be almost entirely pre vented. Besides, where the screw is iu use, in addition to the saving of time in relaying tails, a much less number of men are required to watch the track and keep it in re pair, thereby causing a great saving." Mr. Hilliard, trackmaster of the Erio Railroad, writes that the new spike will prove cheaper, not only from the greater cheapness in relaying iron, but from the much longer endurance of the ties where screws are used. He gives, in addition to the reasons already cited for advo cating the use of the screw spike in preference to all others that he has seen in use for twenty-four years on railroad tracks, the following: —" In relaying iron it will be done much quicker. You simply give the screw one fourth turn back, lift the old rail, replace it with a new one, then turn the screw back as before ; while the old fashioned spikes must be drawn from the ties, and new holes made every time a nail is replaced—and every spike driven i❑ a tie is, as we trackman term it, death to the tie.' I tnink the ties will last at least four years longer where the screws are in use, as they keep the ties up firm to the base of the rail, thereby preventing pounding; whereas the common spikes draw out as the ties settle, allowing the rail to bend and cut in the tie." Mr. Featherby, trackmaster of the New York Central Railroad, says : "I know they are safer than the com mon spikes, and a great saving of both life and property— at least fifty per cent. in ties, and quite as Irucn in spikes —saying nothing of economy in labour, and of the firm ness of the rail, obviating the immense jarring which cuts the ties —caused by loose spikes and rails —and yet giving to the track that easy and connected spring so long desired." Another source of economy in the use of these screws is that they can be drawn and re-used frequently, while spikes are necessarily crooked in drawing them from the wooden ties, and are commonly cast aside as scrap. If it be true, as we suppose is unquestionably the fact, that accidents involving great loss of property, and heavy damages for injury and death to individuals, have been caused by the defective fastening of rails, then an inven tion which avoids such danger may well be paid for as a premium on a policy of insurance against such losses, and, therefore, on the very lowest ground of pecuniary interest, the use of these spikes will be wise and eco nomical. COAL rARKET. Price per Ton s dl at the Close, s d Oowpen Hartley c.ls 6 Heugh Hall l6 3 H aswell lB 0 East Hartlepool l5 9 OriginalHarzlepool 18 0 • Russell's Helton... 15 9 Wylam l5 6 South Hetton Hetton Hetton Lyons 15 0 Caradoc l6 6 Braucepeth Cannel... 18 6 Eden Main Tees Births. CALVERT n the 19th inst., at Little Coombe, Charlton, the wife of Major A. M. alvert, Royal Horse Artillery, of a son. FITZCLARENCE - n the 17th inst., at 1, Warwick-square, Lady Maria Fitz Clarence, of a son. SMITH- On the 18th inst., at Calverley House, Yorkshire, Mrs. Milne smith, of a daughter. Marriages. HERBERT SHELTON— On the 15th 1118 t., at St. Paul's, Camden-square, N.W., Charles Henry Herbert, Esq., of Staple-inn, solicitor, to Z <la, youngest and fourth' daughter of the late John Hammond Shelton, Esq., of Chelsea. MALTON—DomviLLE —On the 18th inst., at Saint John's, Oxford-square, C. J. Malton, Esq., to Isabella Maria, widow of Compton Domville, Esq., and eldest daughter of the late Lieut.-General the Right Hon. Sir George Arthur, Bart. Deaths. BARTLEY On the 13th inst., at Llandefellog, Carmarthen shire, Miss Ann Bartley, aged 93. BRIDGE—On the 18th iust , at Croydon, Isabella A. S• Bridge, aged 86. FAuras —On the 18th inst., Antonio Farris, Esq., of 301 Throgmorton-street, aged 70. MARBETT - 7: OG the I.6th inst., at Dawley, E. J. H. Garbetti Esq., solicitor, aged 25. altACE—On the 18th inst., Richard Grace, Esq., Hadley' green, Midd esex, aged 56. , London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDR EW° of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tull SUN Once, No 112 1. Strand, in the Precinct of the Sr voy, in the County 0' Dliddlesox.—Thuroday, February 20, 1868.