The Sun. — London, England, 1851-10-07 00:00:00

MAGAZINES, &c.—(CON'T'INUED.) BENTLEY. " at Glance at Sark," wiqi which the Miscellany for October opens, is an admirably written narrative of an excursion to one of the most interesting and ex traordinary portions of the British dominions, the only part of the world, perhaps, in which the feudal laws are still subsisting in their full vigour, and which form the antiquity of its laws and customs, the pri. mitive simplicity of its inhabitants, the sublimity of its scenery, and the rarity of its natural productions, is interesting alike to the antiquarian, the tourist, and the student. This is followed by an excellent cri tique of the principal paintings in the Dulwich Gal ler•y, writt en i n a tine and genial spirit. " Anecdotes of Duelling" are continued, as is the paper on ' Usury and Usurers." Mr. Alfred Cole gives four additional chapters of his most interesting and, at the present time more especially, valuable work, entitled " The Cape and the Kafirs ; or Notes of Five Years' Residence in South Af r ica." In these chap ters he points out the great source of wealthh which th e fi s h er i es offer to the colony, and whic are entirely neglectid : the bank of Agulhas, whiel l ex tends along the whole southern coast of Africa, is more plentifully supplied with fish than any other spet On th e globe yet in , and the fisheries are co- Pletely neglect e d b y the colonists and left entirely in the hands of onl y fishermen. " the Malays, who are the Mr. C o l e, You may t s ke a boat," says " and ne let do wn y ou r net at any point off the coast, and you are certain to draw it up full of excellent fish. There are no dues, no restrictions as to locality or reason. Toe country produces enormous quantities of salt, and everything fisheries to combi ne to force the importance of their upon the colonists. And yet they are well p nigh . negle c t e d . " It would be well that some enter• ornTog per sons from the mother country should at _. ee undertake th e task of developing the riches of t s h ome South Africa n ocean. Mr. Cole gives us F a.„ pears to valuable st atistics of. sheep-farming, which be at the same ti a most profitable pursuit, but c3ah, devoteme one of the laziest to which a man iu hi mself; this, perhaps, renders it so po• t) I. l ir among the C ape colonists, wile are, according r. Cole's account of th em , th e l az i es t o f manki n d. It would be well th at our humanitarians, who take the plundering ICafirs under their immediate protection, should read the opening of Mr. Coles's fifth chapter, in which he says :—" An idea seems the le •prevalent among sa informed that the English have encroached on the territories of the Kutirs. Nothing can be more untru e . T here is not an inch of the Cape co y that ever belonged to the Kefirs," a fact which ca nnot be t oo often repeated, and which affords a complete answer to all the cant that has been or may be drivilled on the subject. Mr. Cole describes the em ancipation o f t h e s l aves as h av i ng been most direful he in its results in the Cape colony. lie says:— a : I am n ot go i ng to d e f en d ( eve n were it possible to 1 .7 80 ) the rinci le of slavery in the abstract; but I Dto deal p with simple facts. It is notorious that the , Jutch were most kind and indulgent masters to their 8 ,1 47 e5• It is squally notorious that no class of pe o pl e were better fed, clothed, or cared for; less overworked, booth Africa. The Government at h ome t h oug h t r r oper, from the noblest and purest motives, and at a G re at sacrifice, to set these p eo pl e f ree . Wh at was t h e result? These people (amounting to thirty-six thou 'v, I 'd), who h a d hi t h erto h a d t h e i r every want suppl i ed L'Y their masters, found the responsibil it y o f pr o vidin g for themselves thrust upon them without any previous training or preparation. Selt-reliance they could not possiblyoss have. B ut t h ey were d azzled by the name of new bums, ' freedom.' They thought it a fine thing to be at the beck and esti of no man; they pictured to tfhernselves the savage's seventh heaven of delight, the _ l eetlota to do nothing except gt drunk. They actually anoandoned their old masters in a body; those who had r ot one word of complaint to utter against their past t eatte ent, e , the ue , gully with those who might consider Ives aggrieved. They abandoned their ancient !!homes, and curamenced the celebration of those fearful tt:irnalia which have already immolated two-thirds of the Walla sand which to this day fill the streets of every "'I village in too colony with drunkenness and de bauchery. TheY con gregated in the towns in small, confined, terand l oathsom e apartmen, living or half-starving on any u ' e generous t heY could Procure inidleness, in lieu of the masters. 7 4 Plentiful meals supplied by their late huts covere d The planted themselves in wretched filthy bag s , , rid .Wlth old hides, decayed rags, rotten sugar wind to dirty thatch, through which came rain and P l aces they -ill the miserable occupants. From these Places shilling Y "Stleil but seldom, and then to earn only a f With it treafh drink trivial service, and to purchase shall tell continue their debauch. Who there huts o the horrible scenes of fiendish depravity _ e4t. _ and dens exhibited? them 1). ilence folio d ill fOrtn s We • Measles and small-pox assailed could check hthee siz2d on t u i t ra l t k p , 4 ol 9 vu r in. our own country. Nothing bauched Negro and Progress of these diseases as they sreshed, and weakened, aud de destructive in Enoi Hottentot. The plague was not so the in class ' in their huts inand as were these maladies among the at the Cape. They died not alone sid es, as the towns and villages, but on the road open fiocid";qpwandered they knew nut whither; in the h e b urnt oveil miserable cebins (whin were obliged to Cm destayiug It would remittals of the dead). ntunber d e - u be impussible to estimate correctly the to say that stroyed by this dreadful visitation. Suffice it visi6h d tr , e coloured races in South A fries were _Thq,/) .eecreased by itand -•1 that it it were not actually living,ng s red by the state in which those races were then tre es it Was at least frightfullyd in its disas augmented , results by the esuitia s i . w exposed condition the eatiou Act bad placed them—by their removal well as ev 4 guardianship or those whom sell-interest, as p r ompted Cory better and gentler feeling, would have proteut and aid the. 80 far f 481 _ 3 .or the evils wrought upon the slaves them -07 —evils which have not passed away, but whose dire mart eLs are but too visible to this hour. As for their otittirtiungathered vintages, fallow fields, crops rotten labour ground, untended flocks, uuserved tables, and lacking warehouses—these were a few of the evils elPeriened by the colonists. The Dutch, who had pur sued agriculture, were literally ruined. They could nut /et a labourer to aid them. ['he progress of the colony Was fearfully retarded by it, and it has not to this day tecevered from the shock." Professor Creasy begins a series, entitled "Unsuc cessful Great Men," with an admirable analysis of the character and motives of Demosthenes. Essays such as this of Professor Creasy, on philosophical history, are of the very highest order. COLONIAL. _ _. _---• In " Hints how to end the lilfir War" the writer, Who signs himself "Kip Springer," strik es at the i Very root, and although his measures m a y appear locciewhat too severe, there is nu duubt but th at h i s views on the subject are correct in the main, Of t h e other a r ti c l es t h e most interesting is an account o f Aden, our va l ua bl e Gibraltar of the Red Sea V Elluable b o th as pro t ec ti ng o ur steam communication w ith the E as t and as otiering theat advantages for 6 opposite coast of tr ade both with A ra bi a and fric A b a. These advantages are thus clearly put for bard y the writer : " As a trading port, Aden tered by a ship or over moc ha; its harbour may be the possesses great advantages b oat at any Period of the Mo ci cha is very dill-l earns facility; whereas the port of r ., , and May. year, entered and quitted with Ott of access in the months of March, Ap 11 convenient. „ t i llie coffee districts are actually nearer to it than to ` 4 °°h, and the road equally safe and journey, Other large towns in Yemen are within an easy j rovince or and the rich and I places in the A nydra popu oils mut are open for its trade. and the eorth of Aden produce gums, frankincense, The m - uuntains 4 to become very coffee; its tied© in honey and wax might important, the adjacent both, and' ot a 3 f s that produced on countries yielding abundance the shore s of the laedi a t e a r qualitY ll a rugs are also to be pro cured in large ci d pro and a • sntities, abic The considerable pr oportion o f gum ar • harbour being (I. ‘ 4ll° a a :;vell as perfumes and spices, inatnediatel to the north of Berbera, v essels during the of monsoon can reach it, With the produc e of Africa, in twenty-four turning with British and Indian produce in an equally short space of tihours, ro may thus 113 introduced into Africa in CX- Great Britain fne• The manufactures of India and change for collee, gums, myrrh, hides, elephants' teeth, fhold-dust, ostrich-feathers, &c., of which the exports of therefore, clearly ibtrge towna on the opposite coast consist. It is, to the interest of the manufacturers as well as the pontician to maintain a place widch affords a° as advantages. Hardware and coloured cotton owoititioanose mh g oo ds find the readiest sale amongst ihe Arabs; but the uesetti,!:.:,?i ,c 13,4; colours, ours, or the demand for them Witli ititabi .., , IrE it ' s Q AJYAIrOSitmi.....ThiS enchanting fairyland, ronial 1 autifully variegated and charming scenery,. Ba clay co n _ r l ' 84 e., still continues to attract crowds. issue of ci) . .e .s r gigantic 4 titillate himself on the successful h i s of uarki undertaking; likewise on the success of the troup e hot to bee3ertinr°44lilectihe 6outh, whose various performances are Plantation Eestiv' several favou rite air* from the sing very excellennltl ind must be seen to be appreciated. Their 4 ; hi which they intro du ce st celebrate d . II sho uts of laughter. Y, is night l y received op,eereiii‘s„edanwdi with which they Mt [AT thurit ARI' SURGEoNs.—We understand, from au oY, that the order th at m i litary surgeons should be the Aerators in infli cting brands on d eserters, &, has been sus pended - -Cor c. k Constitution. T6Stinl3ll DEATH AT A DANCING PARTY.—OD aursday evening company of young persons had assem bled in the long roo m of the Albion Hotel, Buxton -road, to form themselves into a dancing party. Amongst the number present was Mr. Alt red Hanson, a fi ne tall young man, about nineteen years ol,i, sou of Mr. C. Hanson, watchmaker, of ChaPel-hill. A little after ten o'clock the party had (ant i-flu ied the " Senottistie" dance, in which Mr. Hanso n had t tken a. part, and before he had time to take a seat he reeled and fell backwards on the poor. into an al' • • 1 . d but lif ( joining room The young man was taken , proper restoratives apple , e was quite extinct on ihe arrival of Mr. llellawell and Mr. BI own 44urge )11s. Leeds Intelligences, A strang e - accident, attended with fatal conse q tence:i, occurred ou .Monday last at Lauthony-bridge, Gloucester. A 3aiung man, Was passing over the. bridge, when his attention was attracted named Y Charles Smith, aged 20, by some models of sloops that were being carried along by another person at the time the bridge was being swung open to admit a vessel. The deceas ed kept walking on, at the Same time looking back at thesmodel.i, and not perceiving the bride vinn, tell Into the Wattr and - 1 ,,, drowea. AMERICAN NEWS. LIVERPOOL, MONDAY. By the Royal Mail steam ship Niagara, Captain Leitch, we have advices from New York direct to the 24th ult. She brings 477,500 dolls. in specie on freight. Throughout the passage the Niagara has experienced very boisterous weather. The United States' steam-ship Washington, Floyd commander, arrived at New York, from Bremen and Southampton, on the 23;1 ult. The Rayal Mail steam-ship Africa, Ryrie com mander, with the mails of the 13th ult., arrived at New York at seven A.m. on the 24th, after a fine run of about 11 days. On the 27th the Niagara passed a large screw steamer, supposed to be the Glasgow, for New York. Our miscellaneous advices mention that 35 people had been killed by a steam-boat explosion. The New York Tribune contains the following interesting corn munication relative to yacht building : " Darius Davison writes us that it is his intention to build a yacht within the period of six months from this date, of a tonnage and cost equal to the tonnage and cost of the yacht America. Said yacht to be built, mo delled, and rigged on a plan different from any vessel or yacht now afloat; and to be held ready at any time within the period of one year from the date (after being completed) to sail against any vessel or yacht, or num ber of vessels or yachts, now afloat in this country or Europe, that may he entered for the race. The trial of spee,l and sailing qualities to take place at any time chosen by a majority of the owners of vessels entered fur the race, and to be run as they shall choose, for any distance, upon the ocean or inland waters, in a heavy or light breeze, with or against the wind. The owner of any vessel entered for the race, not satisfied with the time and circumstances chosen by a majority to make the trial of speed and sailing qualities, shall be at liberty to withdraw their vessel at any time before one week preceding the time chosen for the contest. This provi sion is not to apply to the vessel entered by the sub scriber; his yacht shall be held ready to sail at any place and time within the period specified, and under any circumstances chosen by a majority of the owners of the other vessels. That only first class, well-tried sail vessels or yachts may be entered for the racs. The prizas to be sailed for are as follow:—In case the sub scriber's yacht win the race, the vessel which comes out second, and the vessel last out in the race, to be forfeited to him. And in case his yacht is beaten, he will deliver her, with all her appurtenances, to the winner of the race as a prize." The completion of the line of railways connecting Boston and Montreal has been celebrated with great festivity in Boston. Among the guests on the occa sion were the President of the United States, and se veral members of his Cabinet, Lord Elgin, Governor- General of Canada, and his suite, Surveyor-General Hinckes, Hon. Charles Wilson, Mayor of Montreal, several members of the City government, Judges Alwyn, Day, and Mondelet, Sir Allen M‘Nab, Hon. John Moulson, President of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, several officers of the British army, and 10 or 15 members of the Canadian Par- The annual fair of the New York State Agricul tural Society has been held at Rochester. It was numerously attended by distinguished public charac ters of the United States and of Canada. Benjamin — Rand — Curti:, an eminent lawyer of Boston, has been nominated by President Fillmore to the seat on the bench of the Supreme Court left vacant by the death of the lion. Levi Woodbury. Mr. Curtis is a political follower and personal admirer of Mr. Webster. Kinkel, the German poet and patriot, has arrived at New York, in connexion with the operations of the German revolutionists. There are two weeks' later intelligence from Cali fornia, by the Illinois and Cherokee, which dates from San Francisco to the 15th August. San Francisco is rapidly recovering from the effects of the recent conflagration. The principal streets which were, but a short time since, almost tenantless, are now lined with handsome shops, with tempting displays of valuable wares and merchandise. The trick buildings which were destroyed are nearly all rebuilt and refitted, and are now fireproof. In addition, very many new brick and stone structures have been erected, and a large number are now in progress. Every kind of baainess is reviving. A large fall trade was confidently expected by the merchants. Tue state is in the enjoyment of general tranquil lity. The constituted authorities are in the full per formance of their functions, aided by the respective Vigilance Committees, and a feeling of security is quite prevalent. The latest intelligence from the Indian country is of a favourable character, and little trouble is to be apprehended from that quarter. The mining interest was never in better condition, and the yield of gold never larger. The agricultural resources of the State have been largely and profitably developed during the past season. Two fires have taken place in Sacramento City, detroying a theatre, several shops and dwelling houses, and other property to the amount of over 40,000 dollars. The city had a narrow escape from being laid in ashes. From Oregon the intelligence is gratifying. A favourable treaty has been formed with the Rouge River Indians by General Gaines, who has returned from that district, and states that there is a good pros pect of the preservation of tranquillity. 'the emi gration across the plains has diminished. Several small companies on the road had been advised not to attempt to come to California on account of the In dians, and they had turned toward Oregon. There will be as many as six steam-boats on the Oregon rivers in a short time. The papers are dis cussing projects for plank roads. The improvement of the Tualatin is gradually going on at the expense of persons acting in a private capacity. It is now clear for seven or nine miles at the lower extremity. Some twelve heavy drifts have been removed by per sons engaged in rafting saw-logs. The task of re moving the obstructions is by no means so formidable as was at first anticipated. The crops every where look remarkably well ; wheat and oats are now " ripe for the sickle," and the farmers busily en gaged in harvesting. The organization of the Utah territory is making progress. Tne Governor has issued his proclamation calling an election for members of the Territorial Legislature. The nominations have all been made. "'nue are seven counties and one precinct laid out in the territory, consisting of Great Salt Lake, Davis, Weber, precinct. T o T oe h l e e r , e are Uta numerous h'SanEete, Iron, and buildings in course of completion in Salt Lake City : about five hundred men are digging for the foundation of a new and s • plendid tabernacle, hauling rock, . &c Shortly the build a most commenced, and the intention is to m that in style of agni cent and costly building, one architecture will much surpass the proud Nauvoo Temple, and be wonder after I. a to ages. It is in co Iron Mountain ntemplation to build a railroad to from S a l t Lake Ci , Iron C oun t y , a b out 250 m il es t of iron ore . y, where th ere i s an abundance From H dates ates are to the 17th S ep t em b er . Since our last advines eight more Am er i can p r i soners have been tak en in the Havannah. Of those previously captured, twenty. ainde y r hospital under medical at mountains and brought into Spain amounting to 138 per fi five remain in the tendance. The rern embarking, different vessels, with sons, have been sent to are waiting ship at received the kindest the exception of ten, who Havannah. in Havannah. The prisoner s British Consul at attentions from Mr. Crawford, e published a card Havannah, and, before e of those to his generous expressing their sense of obligations e those killed and contributed in efforts on their behalf. Nearly 80,000 dollars had At a be nefit for the families wounded in battles with the Lo nefit at the Tacon Theatre over ') : party, dol lars was realised. On the 9th a grandignt _thousand performed at the Cathedral in honoTo Deum was ur of the deceased. On the same day the troo p s were reviewed, and General Concha decor ated man y of the in the late engage ments. Don Fra ncisco )tic Gonzales participants orantes and Don Jose Metza have b e G been outlawed for secreting arms. A full account of the expedition has been published by two of the released prisoners, Captains lc ii —e3 7 and Somers. Captain Kelly arrived in this city on Mon day, the 22d inst., by the packet-shin Norma, Which left Havannah on the 7th inst. He speaks freely o f the gross deception which was practised upo n him and his comrades by the journals in this country which have advocated the invasion of Cuba. As h as been stated by many others , they joined the expedi tion in the firm belief that the island was in a state of revolt, and was ready to welcome them as allies on their first landing. The number of killed, on the Spanish side, in Captain Kelly's op inion, did not ex ceed 300 at the utmost. A much larger number was wounded. The expedition was under the rules and regula tions of the United States army, as regards pay, promotion, &c. No promises were made of bounty, or a large reward to the soldiers in case of success, according to the story that has been widely circu lated. Ile is cautious in condemning the conduct of Mr. Owen, the American Consul at Havannah, but thinks he should have pursued a different course himself. On partinsr with Concha, Captain Kelly received from him introduction to the Spanish Consul in this city, and 60 dollars in cash, besides an indifferent suit of clothes. _ Out of forty persons, comprising Captain Kelly's company, he is the only one at liberty, and only seven besides himself escaped alive. Ile appears to be in excellent health, a n d s h ows no t race s of his recent captivity and sufferings, except his short hair, which was cropped close to his head on being put into prison. DIED.-011 Saturday, the 4t,h inst., at 5, Dovey cottages, Kiugslaud, Mr. George 111 Therson, of Ilalkirk, N. 8., aged S 3 you, deeply IPAWQd by 13 / 4 la=ktnia COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, SUNDAY. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert went yesterday to the Ballochßhine. The Royal dinner party yesterday included her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent and Lady Augusta Bruce. The Oxford University Commission met yes terday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present—The Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Master of Pembroke, the Rev. H. G. Liddell, J. L. Dampier, Esq., the Rev. Professor Powell, the Rev. G. H. S. Johnson, and the Rev. A. P. Stanley (secretary). Dispatches from the Governor of New South Woks, and also from the Governor of South Aus tralia, were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. THE SUN, LONDON, THE GREAT EXHIBITION. IRELAND.—LABOUR AND CAPITAL. (From the Derbyshire Courier.) Let us suppose a newly discovered gold -producing district in Australia, with a sufficient population in its neighbourhood to extract its mineral riches. Here, then, is gold and man. What is wanted to enable man to possess himself of the all-coveted treasure ? Capital. Before the man can realise the riches spread out to his view, it is necessary that from former accumulation he should be provided with food to support himself while engaged in labouring, the means of erecting habitations and workshops, and the implements and machinery requisite for carrying on his work. The savage when his immediate wants are satisfied desists from labour, and as he never accumu lates, he has no resources at command to enable him to create and multiply wealth. He may inhabit a country rich in gold, copper, and iron, with land fer tile under cultivation, and capable of bestowing on its inhabitants all the comforts and luxuries of existence; but its mineral treasures supply him only with a few barbaric ornaments, and he draws from its fruitful soil only a bare sufficiency of the necessaries of life. But as civilization advances, and capital accumulates, the power which man obtains of availing himself of the resources of the material world proportionably in creases. The wealth of the remotest regions of the earth is appropriated by the application of the accu mulated capital of the Old World. English wealth will draw forth the gold of Australia. Now, with out adopting the glowing sentiments of Irish patriots as to the fertility and capabilities of their country, it is impossible not to perceive that we have in Ireland a mine of unexplored wealth lying close to our shores. We say, making every abatement for over-statement and over-appreciation, that Ireland is capable of be coming a most valu a bl e p o rti on of th e United King dom—a contributor, in every sense, to the national wealth and greatness. We have referred on a pre vious occasion to the means which are now in opera tion for improving the moral, religious, and social character of the p eo pl e — me an s w hi c h, in the opinion of the best informed persons, are rapidly becoming effectual. We now beg leave to invite attention to the methods by which the industrious energies of the people have been, and may be, called out. Steam navigation and railway commu nication have produced, and are producing, most beneficial results. They provide a market for Irish produce of every kind. Ask a peasant in Antrim or Tipperary what be does with his pig or his poultry, and he will tell you that everything which he can produce is collected by persons who make it their business to go round the country, to be taken to Belfast or Cork, and shipped off for the Liverpool or London market. Every small farmer and cottager has a ready market and a better price for his commo dities than he had a few years ago. Even with present prices a large and increasing provision trade with England is being at this moment transacted. But there is another cause which has been silently at work to improve the state of Ireland. The country, we have said, possesses undoubted sources of undeve loped wealth. It has a people, also, who can and will work when fairly remunerated for their labour. At this time in county Cork, one of the best agricul tural counties in Ireland, the wages of an able-bodied labourer are 6d. or Bd. a day-3s. or 4s. a week. Has a man spirit to work, or can he procure sufficient food to enable him to labour efficiently with such wages ? There are, then, in Ireland, land and labour —the sources of national wealth. What is wanted to develope them ? Capital. And this is the general outcry throughout Ireland—"We want capital !" Now England i s o verflowing with unemployed capital. Three and a half per cent., the Times tells us, is, and is to he, the average annual value of capital in this country. There are reasons—we believe that they are, happily, rapidly on the decline—why En glish Protestants should not transplant themselves to Irish soil. But there can he no reason why, if a fair remuneration be secured, capital should not flow from this to the sister country. And such we affirm has been the case, and would have been to a much greater extent, but for unwise legislation on the subject of the circulating medium which injuriously retarded the application of English capital to the wants of Ireland. It is now between twenty and thirty years since a system of banking,. similar in many respects to that of Scotland, was introduced into Ireland. Several of those who took the warmest interest in car rying this object into effect were men who, though differing most widely on political subjects, believed that a good monetary system would do more for Ire land than anything else. Such were Matthias Attwood and Daniel O'Connell, who, joined with many of Ireland's best and most en lightened friends, promoted energetically and successfully the establishment of those two great banking companies—the Irish Provincial and National Banks. The beneficial effects of the system thus introduced began immediately to dis cover themselves. The condition of the small farmer in Ireland was, before these banks became engaged in the distribution of English capital, most dishearten ing. Poverty suppressed all his energies. His land was but half cultivated, for he had no money to em ploy labour. His crops were hurried to market the moment they were reaped, and were not unfrequently seized by the landlord for rent while on the ground. He was too poor to stock his land; his green crops were often cut, carted to a distant market town, and sold for what they would fetch, because he could not raise the means to buy a few sheep or a cow to con sume them. If a favourable opportunity—of which every English farmer so well knows the advantage— presented itself of purchasin g a little additional stock in a favourable season, or of withholding his wheat when the market was glutted with produce, and he was induced to endeavour to borrow a small sum till his real money, his flock or his corn, could be con verted into money of the realm, the terms upon which alone such accommodation would be procured from the money-lend er o f hi s market town were most usurious. The usual t erms, i ncluding expenses, were 20 per cent. , Now the new b an k s, the representa tives of English capit a l, ren d ered most i mpor t an t services to a class of men who stood most in need of assistance, and deserved it most. They lent to far mers, of whose good character and conduct they were assured, at moderate interest, small sums, from as low a sum as 10/. upwards. And competent wit nesses, of all creeds and parties, have assured us, that from the judicious assistance thus rendered, the face of whole a gri cu l tura l di stricts in Irelan d b ecame in a few years entirely changed —the land became better cultivated, drai ne d and stocked ; an d, more over, the moral conditi on o f t h e people was improved. The poor farmer form er l y saw noth i ng b e f ore hi m b u t a life of inevitable penury and hardship. He now had hopo of bettering his condition. And with hope energy arose, and salt -respect took the place of reckless despondency. Becoming a happier, he became a bet ter man. Thousands in Ireland can vouch for the truth of what we say. U pon t hi s success f u l a tt em pt to raise the state of a people the effecct of Peel's Bill of 1844 fell like a withering blight. The harvest and potato crop of 1846 failed. A few millions of gold were exported to pay our foreign baker's bill, and then succeeded that dreadful artificial dearth of money, by which all the industrious energies of the United Kingdom were paralysed. The Irish bankers were forced to refuse assistance to the people just at the very time when they wanted it most. The circulation of the Irish banks of issue in 1846 was 7,800,0001., and in May, 1847, it was 4,800,0001., "being a dimi nution," says the Manager of the Provincial Bank of Ireland to the Committee of the House of Lords on the commercial distress of 1847, " of no less than 3,000,0001. of bank-notes in such a poor country as Ireland." Yes ! it England, with its almost unbounded wealth, was brought to the very verge of ruin by the effects of the disastrous and mistaken monetary policy of Sir Robert Peel, in 1847, what must have been the effects produced in a country so poor as Ireland ? The House of Lords' Committee reported that Peel's Bill of 1848 " materially aggravated" the panic, and we have no hesitation in saying that the operation of that statute " materially aggravated" the direful effects of the Irish famine. Providence took a w ay a large portion of the nations food; the hand of man withdrew the means of supplying the defi ciency. And we speak the opinion of sensible, practical men—men who d o not prof ess t o under stand the currency question—when we say that the banking operations, and consequent financial condition of Ireland, has not yet rec overe d the shock of 1847. Credit was :entirely shaken, if not de stroyed. The farmers as a body were ruined. Many of the landowners shared their fate. Th e i mmense amount of the circulating medium withdrawn, has never been replaced. By the last re t urn the Irish Banks of issue are still 2,332,2371. below their fixed issue. So easy is it to destroy credit and confidence, so hard to effect their restoration. The time, we are convinced, will come when the truth s w hi ch we have endeavoured to illustrate will be received as being as evident as they are important . . And w i t h that con viction we do not despair ofa bett er state of things, when the prosperity of the sister country will react on and promote that of our own, an d w h en common interests and common feelings will render us in reality the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The first day of the last week of the Exhibition has passed off in a manner at once gratifying and surprising. Everybody was prepared for a great ac cession of numbers to the usual average of shilling visitors, but the most extravagant expectations could hardly have anticipated anything so remarkable as the actual reality. Yesterday 107,815 people entered the building, and the sum of 5,175/. 165:was taken at the door;. Facts so astounding speak for them selves, and derive no additional force from expatiat ing upon them. Were it not so, we should despair of describing the scene which the interior presented. Popular demonstrations are always grand. Taking place in such an arena they exercise a transcendent and overpowering influence. In the presence of such an assemblage as yesterday was collected together the highest triumphs of industry and art are forgot ten, and the mind has only time to think of that great mass of humanity tendering its homage at the shrine of Labour, and vindicating the nobility of toil. If any lingering doubts have been entertained that the Crystal Palace has not been popular among the masses, its closing hours will set them completely at rest. Great as the influx of visitors was yesterday, it will most probably rise still higher to-day ; but it is satisfactory to think that however vast the numbers that present themselves the building will be found capable of accomodating them all. The dreaded limit of 100,000 spectators has now been exceeded, and without any extraordinary inconvenience. In the Crystal Palace, as elsewhere, the people are their own best police, and from hour to hour crowds l eave t o ma k e room for the gathering tide that enters. Yesterday they began to ooze away as early as 11 o'clock, and so well balanced were the departures and arrivals that until the doors closed it was possible, without much effort, to make a systematic and effectual survey of all the principal objects and departments. We have no doubt that with considerably increased numbers this will con tinue to be the case, and a sanguine hope is enter tained that no pressure will arise so great and incon venient as to render it necessary to check the flow of visitors. That nearly 108,000 people should within one day and under one roof have enjoyed the grandest spectacle that the world has ever witnessed is of it self a sufficient marvel, but that they should have done so without a single known casualty to life or property is almost incredible. So, however, it is, and we leave to revolutionary and discontented minds the study of facts which place in so clear and un questionable a light the love of order and the genuine kindliness of spirit which pervade all classes of our population. Yet, while we dwell with a natural complacency on those evidences of a happy and pros perous people, circumstances are constantly occurring to warn us of possible disaster. Such an event took place yesterday. Shortly after three o'clock, and when upwards of 100,000 persons were in the building, the Duke of Wellington entered at the east end, and was loudly cheered by those who recognised him. The intelli gence soon spread in the eastern half of the edifice, and the crush and crowding which ensued to catch a glimpse of the veteran, was such as to produce a momentary sensation of apprehension as to the fate of the building. Thousands ran along the galleries, and each court and avenue poured its torrent into the nave, while numbers in the transept hearing the dis tant noise, and seeing the confusion, but ignorant of its cause, rushed out of the building, under the ap prehension that some casualty had occurred. By dint of pure physical force Superintendent Pearce, and several other police-officers, succeeded in opening a narrow pathway for the bake—who, after having passed through the eastern half of the building, left at the southern entrance, where he mounted his horse and departed, amid the cheers of thousands outside the building. It is most satisfactory to state that not a single accident occurred; and those who have on former occasions favoured the public with their opi nions as to the destructive effect of the rapid and irregular movement of an immense crowd upon the building, will be surprised to hear that not a single girder or " snag" has given way ; and we may add that, although upwards of 100,000 persons were pre sent in the building, there were many portions of it which were comparatively unoccupied by the masses, the nave and transept being, of course, the most crowded portions of the building. A chart, showing by diagrams the fluctuations in the number of visitors during the time that the Ex hibition has been opened, was yesterday completed by the Sappers and placed in the transept. It is a pro duction of great merit and of much public interest, resembling those scales of mountain elevations which are usually prefixed to atlases. The shilling days form themselves into the Himlayas and Andes of this return ; the half-crown and five shilling days being represented by heights of much lower altitude. The loftiest peak, rising to a maximum of more than 70,000, will now be far eclipsed by the results of yes terday, and it is probable that within the next five days still greater and more astounding figures will be reached. In the meantime, it would appear that Tuesdays have been the chief shilling days, Mondays coming next ; after these Thursdays, and Wednesdays being the worst. Of the two half-crown days, Fri day seems to be that which brings with it the largest amount of popularity at the Crystal Palace. A trial has taken place before the Cleveland Agri cultural Society of the respective merits of M'Cor mack's and Hussey's American reaping-machines, and the report of the jury of practical men appointed by the consent of both parties to decide the question of merit is favourable to the latter implement. This decision throws considerable doubt upon the justice of the award of a great medal at the Exhibition to M'Cormack'e : but, however interesting the matter may be to the individuals thems elves, it does not much affect our farmers. Both the reaping machines, valuable as they are, are capable of great improve ment, m p: a that b efore made next up on h a n t; v e e m s , t comes m entand round e s c u o c n h fi changes render the and and such new features introduced , a oexuatn of ) date. examples now ex hibited comparativelsymantiquated SURREY THEATRE. The opera season at this well-managed theatre, which has now reached the eighteenth week, has hitherto been signalised by several popular and well e xecuted productions. Last evening Norma was per formed for the first time, the Druid priestess being personated by Madlle. Deville, from the Grand Opera, Geneva, who, without attempting to invest the cha racter with the terrible earnestness of Grisi, or to dazzle her auditors with any marvellous fioriture, achieved a decided and legitimate success. Madre. Deville is a finished and pleasing vocalist, her voice, although not of extraordinary compass, possesses much sweetness, flexibility, and clearness, and she sings with taste, feeling, ease, and expression. She created a very favourable impression, being warmly applauded throughout, and led on at the conclusion of the opera in compliance with the general call. The " Casta Diva" (" Gentle Goddess" in the English version), was beautifully given, and enthusiastically encored. The other parts were efficiently sustained. Miss Poole received much merited applause as Adelgisa ; Travers sang with great spirit as Pollio; and the fine organ of Borrani, who was in magnificent voice, was heard to high advantage in the role of Oroveso. The orchestra, under the conduct of Herr Meyer Lutz, fulfilled its functions admirably, and, altogether, the manner in which Norma was presented reflects the utmost credit on the resources of the establishment. The house was crowded in every part before the rising of the curtain. ACCIDENT TO CAPTAIN CODEINGTON.—This gen- tleman was driving home from Windsor between ten and eleven o'clock on Tuesday night in his dog-cart, after having travelled from town by the Great Western Railway. On turning an abrupt corner leading out of Peascod-streetjinto the New-road, it is supposed the wheel of the vehicle caught the kerb -stone, and by the sudden jerk the driver was thrown out, and fell on his head. He was picked up out of a pool of blood senseleeo, and carried into the Criterion public-house, where every attention was raid to him by Mr. Grover, the landlord, and Mr. Earengey, the surgeon; and it was not discovered until the following day, when the unfortunate gentleman regained his consciousness, who he was. It was afterwards ascertained that the horse pro ceeded steadily home, a distance of five miles, through narrow lanes and abrupt turnings, without accident, and must, by the tracks, first have gone home, and the gate being fastened, he afterwards proceeded to the blacksmith's shop in the village where it was in the habit of being shod, and where it was discovered waiting quietly at the door at four o'clock in the morning. THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT.—LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.—The following second edition of the Albion fur nishes important news as to the probable fate of Mr. Ram shay We have been informed this morning, on authority on which we can place the most implicit reliance, that the Earl of Carlisle has expressed himself to the effect that he feels; exceedingly pained at the recent proceedings which have taken place in the County Court; and that it is his Lordship's intention to act in the matter with promptness, yet with due regard to the lawful forms. We understand his Lordship will arrive at the Lancaster Railway station about noon this day." It appears (says our correspondent), that the person addressed by the Earl of Carlisle is Mr. Wm. Brown, M.P., and the letter is spoken of as being couched in the very strongest and most emphatic terms. There can, therefore, be very little doubt that Mr. llainshay will toot Apia miwittcliciAl fvulctim iu Liyerpo9l, MR. RAMSUAY'S CASE.—A meeting'of tha Com mittee for the Protection of the Liberty of the Subject and the Press was held yesterday afternoon, at which a memorial to the Chancellor of the Duchy was agreed to, praying that his Lordship would be pleased to hold, in Liverpool or its immediate neighbourhood, a court of inquiry into the conduct of Mr. Rauishay since his acquittal by his Lordship from the former charges made against him and the resumption of his sittings and, if the facts set forth in the memorial be esta blished against him, as the memorialists confidently believe they can be, that his Lordship be pleased to remove Mr. llaiushay from the office of Judge of the County Court, and to appoint another judge, of learning, temper, and modera tion, in his ;Acad. Messrs. Broadwood, the pianoforte manufacturers, have presented to the Royal Society of Musicians the splendid grand pianaforte, in ebony case, which has attracted so much notice at the Exhibition. The sale of this instru ment will doubtless realise several hundred pounds, and the funds of the society will thus again benefit, as they have on many fyrizig 9ccasi9us, by 04 W 41 ' 4,131 04'994' Liberality. THE CAPTURE OF A GANG OF WHOLESALE SWINDLERS. On Saturday last the Police-court at Plymouth was crowded by persons anxious to listen to one of the most extraordinary investigations (adjourned from the previous Wednesday) which has engaged the attention of the bench for some years, and which exposes an attempt at swindling upon a very large scale. It appears that early in the month of Sep tember there arrived in Plymouth two men of mid dle age and respectably attired, who forthwith took premises for the ostensible purpose of carrying on business as general outfitters and army and navy con tractors. having engaged a store on Sutton-wharf, in the possession of Mr. Hicks, wine -merchant, a painter was employed to announce to those resorting to that locality that Rudwell's Stores were there situated, and a plentiful supply of letter-paper was procured, each sheet bearing the printed heading of " Sutton-wharf, Plymouth. Ship Stores Warehouses, General Outfitter, Army and Navy Contractors &c." As the business to be transacted was intended to be of the most extensive description, a counting-house became necessary, and for this purpose a room in Tin -street was hired, at the moderate sum of half-a crown a week, and here, during the hours of busi ness, Mr. Rudwell and his more retiring partner, Mr. Palmer, were generally to be found, each seated at a desk, conducting a voluminous correspondence with most of the principal contributors to the Great Exhibition, the Official Catalogue supplying them with the names and ad dresses of the various exhibitors. As the trade to be carried on was to be large, of course the orders were liberal, and assistance being deemed necessary the principals in the busine s s were j o i ne d a b out a week after their arrival by a younger man, of smart appearance, calling himself William James Widdi combe. He acted as clerk, and James Maddick, a labourer, whom the principals met with on the quay, was employed as storekeeper and porter. The first fruits of the extensive correspondence carried on by the firm was the arrival of a large parcel, consigned to their address, on the 20th of September, and every succeeding day witnessed the advent of other goods, of a most miscellaneous description. There was an odd commingling of copperas and broadcloths, locks, and blankets, lamps and trouserings, hides and chi cory, tweeds and iodine, canvas and saddles, twines and cooking apparatus, velveteens and ship's sheath ing, cotton twist and oatmeal, compound levers and a lifting jack. But numerous as were the arrivals of goods, equally brisk appeared to be the sale, for not a single parcel remained in the store more than a couple of hours ere it was disposed of in some way or other, and it would seem in certain instances at prices which:would have enabled Rudwell to assert with greater truth than is the case sometimes with traders, that he was indeed making an alarming sacrifice. For example, the lifting jack above mentioned, the in voice price of which was 81., was no sooner delivered at the store than it was entrusted to the respectable agency of Messrs. Skardon and Sons, who were in structed to sell it fur 2/., if a purchaser could be pro cured at that sum. Oil-cake, too, the trade price for which is 121. 10s. per ton, was offered for sale to Mr. Parrott, of Buckwell-street, through the instrumen tality of Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, for 71. 10s. per ton. Other goods were pledged at the office of Mr. Toms, pawnbroker, by Widdicombe. Such was the state of things until Tuesday last, when Superintendent Gib bons proceeded, in company with Inspector Thomas and Sergeant Hicks, to arrest Palmer and his clerk Widdicombe (who was discovered to have been living here under the assumed name of Matthews), as they were walking together from the railway station towards George-place, the charge being, that they had, in conjunction with Rudwell, obtained large quantities of goods under false pretences. Palmer, who described himself as a labourer, said " very well," and Widdicombe, alias Matthews, stated himself to be a clerk in the service of Rudwell, and was altogether innocent of the offence charged against him. Rudwell was also apprehended the same evening, and on Wednesday morning the trio appeared before the magistrate, in custody of the officers, charged as above stated. The sitting ma gistrates were the mayor and Messrs. Coryndon and Hawker : Mr. Lavers attendi ng on th e part o f t h e Trades' Protection Society, and applying for a remand in order to give the police time to institute the ne cessary inquiries. After hearing the whole of the evidence then forthcoming against the prisoners, and by which the foregoing statement was fully supported, the prisoners were remanded to Saturday. Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, who had left, came back after the case had been heard, and was advised by the mayor to give up the goods he had received of Rudwell into the possession of a third party. In a very independent manner he refused to do anything of the kind, told the mayor he would rather take his money than his advice, asked Mr. Phillips what was the price of a brief, said he defied them to do anything to him; he had not bought stolen goods ; he was "too deep" for that, and would never give up the goods till they were paid for. From the evidence produced on Saturday it ap peared that on 'Wednesday evening upwards of two tons of goods arrived by railway for Rudwell and Co., which is in possession of the police, and that a letter, badly spelt and badly written, from the wife of Rudwell, has fallen into the hauls of the superinten dent, but it contains no information of which use can be made. It was dated " London," and bore the sig nature of "Ann." Another letter dated from Man chester, which came to hand on Thursday, charges Rudwell with being an impostor, and threatens him with exposure, the writer alleging that he (Rudwell) had carried on his fraudulent practices in a great number of towns, assuming the name of " Cox," whe n at Wolverhampton, then as " Smith," of. Birmingham, as " Mill," of Liverpool, afterwards as " Edwards," of Manchester, and more frequently as " Darling ton," of Portsmouth. A large quantity of goods ar rived to the address of the firm, on Thursday, and are now detained in charge of Pickford and Co., rail way-contractors. About two tons of oil cake also came by steamer, for which Cornbloom was found to be on the look out. The police accordingly waited until he had paid the freight, when they then stepped in and seized the lot, much to the chagrin of the hard-mouthed money-lender, who threatens to cite Superintendent Gibbons and his men in the high court of Westminster. It was also stated that a fresh lot of goods and s un d r y i nvo i ces came to hand on Friday morning, and that the police at the same time obtained information which was deemed sufficiently important to justify the immediate departure of In spector Thomas per mail train for the metropolis. The nature of the evidence was such as to induce the bench, after a lengthened examination of wit nesses, to further remand the prisoners to Wednes day next. Mr. Rudwell, on being asked what he had to say against being remanded, contended that as he had his name over the door of the wharf, and was nowhere in debt in Plymouth, zs he had not been applied to for money for the goods, but should be ready to pay on in to custody. ha ought not to have been even taken custody. As to Palmer, he was his (Rudwell's) friend, while Widdicombe was his clerk. If anything had been wrong, he entirely exonerated them from all participation in it, and was ready to bear the results himself. Palmer had nothing to say, and Widdicombe said he had come from the office of Wilson and Gurney, bank solicitors, London, and could procure good re ferences. He asked if he might procure bail. He was told he must first procure his bail and then their worships would consider if it could be taken. Rudwell is evidently in bad health. who visited it in great numbers; and some criterion is afforded us by the police returns, which show 47,000 to have entered the building during the first hour and a half—say by half -past ten o'clock—an altogether unprecedented occurrence." "On IVed nesday, the 6th of August, after the public breakfast at the London Tavern, at which 300 were preent, Mr. J. S. Buckingham in the chair—the Royal Surrey Zoological Gardens, which had been secured by the demonstration committee for the day, was thronged by such a vast gathering of teetotallers as was never before convened, and presented a spectacle never to be forgotten." After this opening the report mentioned a balance in the hands of their treasurer of 5301., who was troubled what to do with it ; but it said, "Perhaps of all the embarrass ments presenting themselves to the committee none were greater than was the solution of the question, how shall the balance be made to subserve the great principles of temperance most effectually ?" They settled the question happily, and founded the London Temperance League. They said, "We must, how ever, state our conviction that the first principles of teetotalism are not understood by the immense ma jority of the denizens of this great city. Daily ob servation and experience prove this. Men of intellect, high in influence and of admirable business habits, are found to be poor opponents to the uneducated teetotaller, far less to such leaders in the cause as Dr. Lees and others." The report concluded with a dim shadowing forth of pleasures (equal to those described in the commencement of its pages) in store fur their novices, as, after announcements of monthly lectures and meetings and quarterly soirees to be held, they continued,— " A fete, perhaps a bazaar, in the Royal Surrey Gardens next summer, will, in all probability, be carried 'out by the executive committee." This and " more, according to our means." But to do all these things they required money, and 1,0001. was the sum demanded, and after stating that they (the com mittee) were willing to undertake all the toil, " we appeal with confidence to the liberal supporters of our cause, that at this critical juncture in the history of teetotalism the helmsman may be relieved of all anxiety respecting pecuniary liabilities, which would but retard the movement at a time when not a moment must be lost." A collection was made, and then Mr. BEGGS delivered an inaugural address of some length. After alluding to the Crystal Palace, the sanitary condition of the people and some other inci dental circumstances, he proceeded as follows : " Many of the leading organs of the press now conde scend to notice us, but they betray a total misunder standing of our principles, and it is necessary that they should be informed. Witness the writer in Household Words, in his article ' Whole Hogs,' as also in the Examiner. The mistake they commit is that we call upon the sober portion of the public to give up a good thing because some men abuse it." After mentioning that the Examiner took this view, he continued—" It is the old, never-to-be-slain argu ment, of use and abuse; and, although it can be proved by any one capable of the most ordinary method of induction to be pure nonsense, yet it is con sidered as a strong ground for taking a glass ; and the parson, the magistrate, the judge, and the teacher, - as well as the gentleman of the press, continue to discuss their daily pint or bottle of wine, their glass of gin and-water, or the pot of half-and-half; but," con tinned Mr. Beggs, ", supposing alcohol to be as harm less as potatoes, or sugar, or milk, yet, seeing the mis chief it produces, we are called upuu to abstain. I assert that cards, dice, racing, theatres, and all the fashionable follies and amusements of the age, have not produced, taken altogether, so many evils as the vice of drink. ing." They asked them to give up drinking because God had written on the constitution of man, as plainly as light was written upon the sunbeams, that alcohol was not suited to men in health, but was the enemy of the digestive faculties of the human body. Mr. Beggs continued to show the large sums of money spent on spirits, spoke of the anomaly of a magistrate sitting one day to license public-houses, and on another inflicting punishment on those who got drunk in them ; also of legislators snaking laws ag iinst, and ministers of religion speaking against these places, to which, by th e i r d a il y practice in drinking themselves, they gave sanction and encou ragement. He encouraged th em , b es id es h av i ng faith in their principles, to have faith in humanity, and not to think that any one was sunk so low as to be ut terly helpless, and also urged that they ought to have faith in themselves. He did not mean to inculcate dogmatism, vanity, or any idea of pharisaical im portance, but they should believe the temperance re formation to be their business, and do their best for it. They required wisdom as well as faith, charity as well as love. Above all, he enjoined on them the importance of increased individual exertion. After considering these and other topics at great length he concluded with the following prophetic aspiration : "Let the teetotaller take courage. The day is not far distant when the simple principle he has adopted and laboured to diffuse will command the homage of the good and wise of every order of men; and, sanc tioned by Gud's blessing, will s h e d peace and healing from its wings. We cannot estimate its future pro gress by the past. Its seedtime is not yet over, but the harvest is begun. Whatever it may now be con sidered, future generations will not regard as a mere flight of visionary enthusiasm this record o f my ex pectation; so that the historian of a future age, when looking back on the bumble birth of the t ota l absti nence principle, will date from it a new era in civiliza tion, and place its propounders in the first ranks of the most useful, if not among the most illustrious ' bene factors of mankind.' " Mr. F. W. KELLOG, an Am er i can teetotaller, next addressed the audience, and was received throughout with great applause. In sp ea ki ng o f the States, he mentioned that in one (M a i ne ) t h e sa l e of spirits was prohibited, and in ano th er S tate, if a man got drunk his wife could sue the publican who supplied him with the liquor for damages. The CHAIRMAN rose and said, a question had been handed up to him, as chairman, asking what they said of the miracle of our Saviour at Cuna of Galilee when he turned water into wine. Ile could only say, that if they could not answer this as well as every other question satisfactorily, they would give up their prin ciple. He would ask, in return, did any of them think that our Saviour ever partook of wine P—(No, no.) The question was answered. A vote of thanks to the chairman terminated the proceedings. The Hungarians in London yesterday attended mass in commemoration of the events of the 6th of October, or as the handbill explained, in memory of the defenders of constitutional liberty in Hungary, who, after the surrender of the Hungarian army to the Russians, were put to death by Austrian executioners. Their honoured names are dear to the lovers of liberty founded on law :—Count Louis Batthyany. Prime Minister; Count Ludislaus Csanyi, Minister of Commerce; Baron Sigismond Perenyi, Presi dent of the house of Peers; Baron Jesrenak, Lord Lieu tenant of the county of Nyitra; Baron Szatsvay, Member and Secretary of the Diet; Prince Woronyieczky, Prince Czernus, Councillor of State; Major Turman, Major Abancourt. Prisoners of war, given up by Russia to the Austrian executioners, and hanged or shot at Arad on the 6th October, 1849 :—General Aulich, Minister of War; Lieut.-General Ernest Kirsi, General Damianich, General Nagy Sandor, General Dessewffy, General Count Leiningen, cousin of her Majesty Queen Victoria; General Count Veesey, General Tork, General Lahner, General Baron Pol tenberg, General Knesich, General Schveidl, General Count Lazar, Colonel Kazinczy. THRONGED STATE OF THE CITY STREETS.—Yes terday the main thoroughfares of the City were thronged is a manner perhaps never before witnessed. Every omnibus travelling in the direction of the Great Exhibition was filled inside and out during the day, and from the Poultry to St. Swithin's-lane a file of persons, not less than three deep, were waiting for hours in vain in the earlier part of the forenoon, for conveyances. The Royal Exchange was visited by thousands, and the Guildhall, the Post-office, and most of the public places were thronged. Many of the visitors were from Wales and the northern parts of England, and some had come so far as from the United States of America. CRYSTAL HALL.—A new and original polka has been produced at this agreeable place of entertainment. It is called the '° West-End Polka," and is understood to be from the pen of Miss Kirkham, a young lady favourably known in musical circles as a brilliant pianist. The polka is a spirited and lively piece of composition, and commands a good deal of applause every time it is played. DEER STALKING.—In the island of Lewis a num ber of gentlemen are enjoying first-rate sport in Sir James Mathcson's deer-forests. One of the party, D. Robertson, DT, of Lsdykirls - , in the course of an hour and a half's ab sence from the Castle, stalked and shot two stags, right and left. One had royal horns, and the other a head; with ten antlers. The party at Reay Forest, among whom were Lord Colville, Lord Ward, and the Hon. Captain Charteris, have closed a brilliant season's shooting among the comes of tlao far -west of Sutherl an d s hi re . In five weeks they bagge d 6 6 rod-deer, viz., `3O hi n u s an d 4 6 sta g s. The horns of ,o one of also We has the last th a t was s h o t spanned 34 inches. heard that Mr. Campb e ll o f J ura h as s h o t to his own gun, in the island of Hara , , 36 red deer.—inventess courier, saw s. m aN e el t. a' h u_i ie'nss ird,d7hg' 0 ought 1, ago, Mr. John (of Baitsbite), CAUGHT AT LAST. The owner of the suspected animal was cau tioned; of Milton, had a — nu A m f b e e vv r o7 . s e l e ielp wo n rr g ie h d t, to r death hillip by a dog. toCoonlecd ;thebtpititttoonnopolpicuermpoasne; sr% sheep, belonginga large ferocious animal, making the best of his way home ashamed h t a h n o l e u d g h o f I . 1 e leadl ,The been nett ra doing or n 1 n a to the Bev. Mr. James, vicar of Litton, were found worried in a ditch, five being dead, the other lingering. Suspi cion fell upon Thomas Nei 's dog, and he was " taken into custody," tried by a court•martial of villagers, and sen tenced to be shot, which was immediately carried into exe cution. There was strong circumstantial evidence in the case; but to make assurance doubly sure of his guilt, a post mortem examination was made, and sure enough, his capa cious stomach was filled with tauttou, with weal attached,— C a mbridge Independent. LONDON TEMPERANCE LEAGUE. l DEATH FROM POISON. Yesterday evening Exeter-hall was once more filled ! Yesterday an inquest was held by Mr. William with the bodies and oratory o f th ose grea t self-styled ! Carter, at th e G regorian Arms 'tavern, Lower-road, r. Frederick regenerators of mankind—the ad vo c a t es , di sc i p l es , an d Bermondsey, respect i ng the death of . Robert Bolton, age d 41 years, an Excise officer, who friends of total abstinence. Th e o bj ec t o f t h e mee t ing was to originate a society in London which was to was accidentally poisoned. succeed to the demonstration committee, and by Mr. R. T. Russell, of No. 12, Thornton-street, means of meetings, advice, and exhortation, reclaim Horselydown, stated, that on Thursday evening last, the still unitiated public from the errors of their ways. about six o'clock, two persons brought the deceased A letter wa s rea d f rom M r . L awrence Hey worth, into his surgery, in state of great exhaustion. De- M.P., regretting his unavoidable abience, and th en ceased was perfectly sensible, but cold and pulstless. Mr. G. Ceunesneeme, who took the chair in the Witness asked the deceased a few questions, when he absence of Mr. Heyworth, made a few opening re- replied that he had been requested by a friend to taste marks. He said that he was always ready to d o his some aconite, and wished to know if witness knew best in such a cause. He regretted the absence of the nature o f it. Wit ness replied in the affirmative, Mr. Hey worth, but, at the same time, he w as g lad and asked him if he had taken any, when he told to hear the news his letter had conveyed, witness it was a part of hie duty at the Excise-office that the Americans, who went right one to test such compounds, and he believed he bad s wal way and wrong another, as far as teetotalism was lowed about a teaspoonful of the mixture. Witness concerned were doing right. It was only by adopt- knowing that aconite was a deadly poison, then con ing this great principle that they could raise them- sidered the deceased would unques tionably die. selves to a p os i t i on wh i ch they could never attain CORONER—What effect has aconite upon the system ? without it, f or till t h ey abstained from intoxicating - Witness—lt will cause violent sainting, vertigo, and liquors they would never rise to the proper station of vomiting, with oppressed breathing, &c.e .. but does not a civilized country. Mr. Cruikshank related an deprive persons of utterance. anecdote from a work called "A Voice from the CORONER—What quantity would produce death? Diggins," which, he said, showed what demons men Witness—Twenty drops. It is commonly called were who indulged in this sin. He could conceive " wolf's bane," and a teaspoonful might hold about no word but "devil" as appropriate to them, their 120 drops. Deceased must have taken sufficient to language and actions were so horrible. The anecdote kill five persons. Witness gave the deceased ammo told of two men ) a Malay and Chinese, who were nia, but he threw it up immediately. Other remedies dying, and required a little brandy to sustain life, but were adopted, but the deceased became exceedingly the white men who were applied to refused, saying exhausted, and expired shortly afterwards. 'Witness " Christian men wanted spirits, and they were not had since made a postmortem examination of the body. going to give them to black cattle." The mere idea The viscera was in a gorged condition, with clerk of those men, who ripped up each other with bowie fluid blood. The heart was in a similar state, but in knives, calling themselves Christians ! He hop e d structure quite healthy. The whole of the intestinal that this great and holy question would be allowed to canal was much congested. The stomach seemed stand by itself. They had nothing to do with p o liti cs , healthy, but had been acted upon by some violent ir- A person i n spea ki ng might inadvertently bring in ritant. Witness, from all the circumstances, fully subjects foreign to the purpose, but he hoped they believed that the deceased had been deceived in the would even abstain from mentioning anything e l se — con t en t s o f th e b ott l e, an d h ad tasted it by h i s own even the P eace Congress which, although a most free will. The poison usually destroys life in three to excellent and important question, ought to be let alone five hours. at this time. He again begged that they would let Other evidence having been offered, the question of teetotalism stand by itself; and, having The Learned Corea:yea remarked at great length made these few observations, he proceeded to the on the testimony of the witnesses, and said the death business of the evening, by calling on the secretary of the deceased gentleman was to be deeply lamented, to read the report. and he shculd certainly recommend the Commissioners The report opened with a glowing account of the to adopt some immediate steps for the prevention of grand week of the festivities held in August. It such unfortunate accidents. would take too much room to give the recital of the The jury unanimously concurred and returned the whole series of entertainments, but we will be content following special verdict : to mention one or two to show the halo—the atmo- " That the deceased met his death accidentally, and spere of pleasure thr own roun d th e i r procee di ngs , for they (the j ury ) would suggest to the Commissioners the benefit, doubtless, o f th e i r new di sc i p l es . ,4 o n of Inland Revenue that v, hen any article of a poiso nous character i s i mported, the permit should bear Tuesday, by the sp ec i a l perm i ss i on o f t h e R oya l Commissioners, the C r y s t a l P a l ace was opene d one the word poison as well a s th e na t ure o f th e a r ti c l e hour earlier than usual to admit the total abstainers, itself." SUICIDE ON THESOUTH-EASTERN RAIL TV A..Y. On Saturday, about one o ' c l oc k , P.m., the usually quiet locality of Lold Harbour-lane, leading from Brixton to Camberwell, was thr own i nto a state of intense excitement, from the following awful occur rence :—At the time in question a man in the garb of a painter, carrying some pots of colour and br us h es , was observed to proceed down Pollards - grove, a re tired spot in the rear of the Green Man public-house. Shortly after, the report of a pistol was heard, and on persons proceeding to the spot the man was perceived running away, blood flowing profusely from his bead. He had left the paint arid brushes behind him, and carried in his hand a large pistol, but which a gentle man who followed succeeded in taking away from him. The alarm drew together several of the police of the P division from the Brixton station, who joined in pursuit of the wounded man. He, nevertheless proceeded, notwithstanding the great lois of blood (which was tracked the whole distance), at a rapid pace in the direction of Forest Hill, and, before he could be overtaken, rushed through the railway station on to the rails, and deliberately threw himself before the 1.20 down train, which passed over him, and thus terminated his existence. The body, dreadfully mutilated, was picked up and conveyed to the Dartmouth Arms contiguous. The name of the deceased, it has been ascertained, was James Hard ' ing, by trade a painter and grainer, and resided at 5, Elizabeth-place, South-street, \Valworth, and he has left a widow and nine young children to deplore their father's unhappy end. The cause for commit ting so dreadful and rash an act cannot be ascertained at present. Yesterday Mr. Carttar, the coroner for East Kent, held an inquest on the body, when, after some con sultation, the jury returned an open verdict, to the effect—" That the deceased was killed by being run over by one of the South-Eastern Company's trains, but whether by accident or his own wiltul act there was not evidence to show." SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TAT TERSALL'S-YESTERDAY. The current set so strong against Mokanna, so long the leading favourite for the evFare.witch, that from 7 to 1, laid a rly in the afternoon, he declined in the first instance to 10 to 1, and dually to 15 to 1. laid to 200/., and afterwards offered curreatly. Thin left Darkie in possession of the premiership, Hippolytus, against whom 20 to 1 was betted at one time, being o cond favourite at the close. Trickstress, Terpsichore, and Windischgratz, were in soma favour, and Grand Duke was sent out of the market; in ell other respects the betting was dull and unimportant. CESAREWITCR STAKES. 14 to 1 agst Mr. Crawford's Darkie 15 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Hippolytus—taken 15 to 1 agst Lord H. Lennox's Mokanna 20 to 1 egst Mr. Saunders's Trickstress—taken 25 to 1 agst Mr. Carew's Windischgratz—taken 30 to 1 agst Mr. Farra.nce's Terpsichore—taken 40 to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Backbiter—taken 50 to 1 agst Mr. Herbert's The Grand Duke 1,000 to 15 agst Cept.Lowther's King Charming—taken Confidence and Sir Charles are scratched. CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES. 7 to 1 agst Mr. A. Nichul's Newmicster—taken 20 to 1 agst Mr. H. Robinson's Confidence 5,000 to 50 egat Lord Cardross's The Ebor—taken DERBY. 100 to 6 agst Lord Eglinton's Clarerhouse 18 to 1 agst Lord Zeeland's Augur—taken 25 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Daniel O'Rourke—taken 28 to 1 agst Lord Ribblcsdalc's Lapidist—takin 50 to 1 agst Mr. S. Hawkes's ti ernersley—taken 50 to 1 agst Lard Eglinton's Pelopidas—taken REPAIRIAG A FACTORY CHIMNEY. to o J re a p n l s r It'ih7o g ri ca trit,e chimneyaia hin s`•iteep ,l l e e ,itg Jack," l having engae,;(4l to Messrs. John Wood and Co., cotton spinners and power-loom cloth manufacturers, Sovereign Mills, Wigan, commenced his operation by flying a paper kite, and thereby throwing a chain with cords attached across the top of the chimney, by which means he ascended the top, and fixed his blocks and materials ready for work. The chimney is about 14 felt square at the base, bulges a little for a few yards in height, and then tapers to the top, where it is 4 feet 4 inches square, with a belt little below of about 7 feet. The total height of the chimney is about 52 yards. The chim ne y was i n a di lap i dated state, having a crack of decayed and broken bricks about 100 feet in length on t h e sout h- wosttrn square , in soma places two feet broad, and als o a lo ng fistufe the north-eastern square, besides several smaller cracks goton o h th is er ri p g o g r io ti g ons or of ra t t h u e s chimney. broken complete, Jackh he and h having is assistant began work by removing the bricks and replacing them with new ones, without the aid of a scaffolding, and then proceeded to fill up the fissures with cement, repairing all the damaged parts, until the chim ney bad almost the appearance of a new One. He next placed eighteen iron gird e r s at equal di s t ances roun d the chimney, consisting of bars, bolts, and corner plates tightly screwed up, and this twit he accomplished with equal skill, and without scaffolding. He completed his ta,k of repairs on Monday last, by hurling from the top of the chimney, at an angle of 20 feet, and clear of the roof of the engine-house, four large loose stones, weigh ing about 2 cwt., which were replaced with bricks, 18 inches long, 9 inches broad, and 6 inches thick, and weighing about 841bs each. The skilful manner in which the work has been performed, without the ex pense of scaffolding, and with only one day's stoppage of the works whilst topping the chimney, has beans matter of surprise. —Preston Chronicle. passengers n a sa isSeeson,g:ros PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT SOUTHAMPTON. — T h h e total number of foreign passengers who 7 la w nd er e a d ni pto South amptonDocksover e during corresponding September month was of 5 1 , 8 4 5 6 0 4, o s f h b o a2 w g, ijggacgva,nanin creaseaThe. month was 5,464 passengers brought 10,666 packagas of comprised 3,705 foreigners, of whom 2,71 from females, i a a n n c d e 2,023. 6(Spreihniclidpralenly. from m e P t ar ot is al ) n d u u m rin h g er th o e f THE PORT or Dunrizi.—The following is an abstract of the Customs' duties received at this port for the last week, as compared witi,,ite_c,orresponding week of last year :—ln 1851. Tea,. 7:_ 1 7 „ 3 / , 6 -• 7d. ; sugar, 2,5351. I7s. Id. ; tobacco, 4,52//... 12 -• Ild.; W i ne, 1,6811. Is. 4d.; spirits, 441/. 17s. 10d .; miscellaneous, 433/. 10s. ; total, 16,7431. ss. 9d. In 1830. Tea, 7,115/. 14s. sd. ; sugar, 2,372/. Ds. Bd. ; tobacco, 3,5271. Bs. 2d. ; wine, 2,3841 4s. Id. ; spirits, 4741. 7s. 2d. ; Miscellaneous, 9341. 18s. lld • total, 16,859 1 . 12s. 5d.• , GIFT OF A PARK. —The park presented by Mrs. nobertson to the burgh of Kelso, is nearly ten acres in ex tent. It forms nearly a square, having entrances from pub lic roads on three sides. Not satisfied with this costly pre sent, and still determined that nothing should be wanting, Mrs. R o b ertson has presented the trustees with 500 L, to be expended in completing the approaches, laying out walks, and olierwi se a d orn i ng t h e ground. The ground will be named " Shedden Park," in honour of Mrs. Robertson's late nephew, Robert Shedder, Esq., the owner and commander of the yacht Nancy Dawson, which is i. , , ell known to the public as having ren&red essential service in aiding the search for the lost Arctic expedition of Sir John Franklin, and as having been the only yacht that ever rounded Point Barrow and circumnavigated the globe.—Kelso Mail. SHREWSBURY AND HEREFORD RAILWAY.—The works throughout the whole of this line are rapidly pro gression towards completion. In the neighbourhood of fihrewsbury the operations are very much advanced, most of the bridges being completed, and the various cuttings and embankments in a forward state. At the other end of the line, in the neighbourhood of Ludlow, equally rapid progr ess has been made. The bridge over the river Corve ie beif% carried flat will be coropieLe4 afarD as Ludlow j, is e y t tp 9 e t c n te a d o t f hat t , o tyhecar. EVENING; TUESDAY OCTOBER 7, 1851. 4 : 4 ) . [C )* / e O 4 ocief; tm -