The Sun. — London, England, 1851-10-08 00:00:00

130 °1 ' 'erg° At 4 3P e of 1 , 4000 , sig , y o rt row o f , h J°llll 0 test,l'of s‘ is, 6134 9A I b e 11 ! th e I 514 E --TOr .7001 0 'or .ters ..... - „ ..... ;;;Ije ye., j le bfl ...... yr* STOPPAGE OF TWO BANKS (FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT ) . - Nr!..I7POP.T ; AIOAM'itTLISUIRE, OCT. 7. The appearance of the money article in this morn ing's Sun, cf the announcement that the bills of our chief local bank (the Monmouth and Glamorganshire Joint -Stock Bank) had been refused payment by the London Coraue.rcial Bank, has caused a panic here never before witnessed in Newport, where a similar transaction had never been heard of previously. The uncertainty that existed in the public mind as to whether payments would continue to be made by the bank this morning, was very great during the period intervening between the arrival of The Sun and the opening hour at bank. A large crowd of per sons, eager to withdraw their credits, crowded around the door long before ten o'clock, and the most alarm ing reports prevailed. At length, as the hour of ten drew near, a n o ti ce was fi xe d on th e d oors an d i n t h e Wi ndows of the bank, announcing that "in con sequence of the recent depression in the iron tr ade, and the withdrawal of support hitherto received, the managers were obliged to suspend Payments for a short time, but hoped to resume business in a few days." This was calculated to in crease suspicions instead of allaying them, as it was accompanied by a very general rumour that the lia bilities were heavy, the sum of 200,0001. having been recently drawn out for the iron works, among which avich Wereh the C wm Brane Iron Works, at the head of is R. J. Blewitt, Esq., the M.P. for these bo roughs, and one of the proprietors of the bank. Of course exaggeration was rife. There are, however, the most serious apprehensions entertained in the , I ,,netary circles that " the worst is not yet known.' '.uileY of the shareholders have invested their little ail alsona the bank, and their fears are very great. Many, 6 ' who had credits in small amounts—considerable, h -we ; vert to them—are under the most anxious appre ensions. The benefit societies of the town and ghbourhood have made large deposits in the bank, and t among those societies the unenrolied bodies, ter der bi odd Fellows, were depositors to a very consi a 'e a mount—about 4,0001. it is said. These de positors have not the claim that enrolled societies have in the case of suspended payments of a bank; all the p o or men w h o are the members are thus, it is feared, I na v ery unfortunate position ; though it should be re re membered th at the proprietary — a large an d influ er4tial hod Y—are well able to pay, and must pay all lities of the bank whatsoever. S OO O after the noti ce a lluded to had been put up at the Monmouth and Glamorgan Bank, the doors of te ssrs• Williams's old bank in this town were also t he clos ed, and a notice affixed to the door that payments suspended in consequence of the suspension of e Monmouth and Glamorgan Bank. This was a prudent step, doubtless; but it tended to increase the pa n i c a l rea dy existing, though the fears in reg ar d to the old bank were fortunately but very b el all, thou g h o f a different c h arac t er (it b e i ng a pr i vate ar , l .) to thos e respect i ng t h e o th e r. The street s h ave b een fill e d by grou p s o f me r can til e , 4 , 1 _ 1 0. professi ona l men a ll t h e d ay , a ll o f w h om ev i nce u'e deepest conc ern . When we mention that the m _ gest commercial interests in the place, the Mon rie uthshire Railway and Canal Company, the facto ,„_so and several companies bank with the Mon eupaoottiethitstnedxtGrenlasinaveo.rgan, it will readily be supposed the ;. We hop e to be able to report more favourably than a pprehended a t present, in the course of a day or two. District third bank in town, the crisis of England " l et Bank, is unaffected by the . --- - - ronic/ f To G. F. YOUNG, ESQ., M.P. 4nt !ale ,—I hav e rea d your l etter i n t h e Mornirg Thursday list. It put me in mind of a told of a sturdy mendicant, who, when sternly l ' a euse c l bV 4 gentleman, turned away, and despairingly 8 414' °h my God, then I must." " Must what," said the alarmed gentleman. lords 13 Y. " Go to work," was ro,lithiey th e re rnAunstdgsoo t m o u w st o y rk ou . r . dear friends, the land about have given us something from Adam Smith th at a reh t, profit, and wages, but you must know of Smith else has come out since the days stud;""°) which it would be well for you to to e 'l„ 1 1 , 44 d Study deeply, before you ask for a law says -"lnce r ent. J have a look at what Mill a bout u "' Audrent. 1 2146 ° , 0 , 1 : 15 * well, too, at the progress America is tith e v 5 ,14 ships, railroads, &c., &c., and reflect on the Pr o d We may be left far behind, supposing the action f e°l3 Buc i this great country should be wastefully la r k ad by protected rent-holders. Suppose you thr ou ' n ° v h and trace 100000/. spent by rent-holders 1 1 11 111 %1"ot 8 4 : v t e il lai , a1 enhancement of price, and that same by the people through natural price— Pc°Ple sp teat-hold spends it on horses, carriages, &c., the t c ase Th it ... ° _ ll railroads, ships, houses, &c. In the , seco n d "ukey may be said to be annihilated. In utieton. " ee oraes an agent of strength and repro- I VI 8* Denthold ir ) were our savings to be paid over to the b on er, '" 4 by him wasted on luxuries, instead twentyg, saved and put to reproductive purposes, in A_ . dears weri ca. ti me England would have had to bow to cay „ bone and sinew of England had began to d . e- Rau 17uer protection, her peasants were becoming t. Peel and s avage, and had not the late lamented Sir b ad eel stepp e d in , to the rescue, her decline and fall pl eee 7 l t i been distant. But a great change has taken tiler . e uange which will for a time act on the far until his rent approximates somewhere to the con tinental, standard, which sooner or later it must do, ie m e u, the information given in your letter on that sub dt; n aaY be found valuable when shorn of its excep. 4011s1 features Ia co • • nclusion, I beg leave to inform you that the rent ! Icier% for many centuries have had it all their own w aY ; they hid their land on certain conditions, which conditions they have from time to time altered always la their own favour, so, perhaps, it would be better for You to leave well alone ; at all events, before you come 11 1 30 n me for some of my little savings to give to the rent-holder, the whole subject must.be fully looked into. I am, Sir, &c., A TIN PLATE WORKER. London, Oct. 4, 1851. INAUGURATION OF A STATUE TO WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—While travelling lately in Normandy, j learned that a celebration was to come off at Falaise, Which will possess considerable interest to the English Falaise, a town of some 10,000 inhabitants, situated about twenty-one English miles south of Caen, is the birth-place of William the Conqueror, and there, in front of the Hotel de Ville, on Tues. „ 44 Y, Oct. 14 t h, th e ann i ve rsary of the battl e o f ttastings an equestrian statue to the first Norman (ing of ' England, just finished by a Parisian artist, is to be erected and inaugurated. Great preparations 141 :e made at Falaise for a splendid file. The castle bt the D u k es of Normandy—where Willi am was ',f,,a—covering about four acres, with the lofty e e 'l l ibot Tow er ," erec t e d b y E ar l T a lb o t i n the 15th n .,'hrY, now st an d s a magn ifi cen t monum e n t o f the ha and an object of great interest to visitors. The e;14:111 -work of the Talbot Tower I have not seen me n ti o n by any' building in Great Britain. I will rea e h t hat, when the traveller is at Havre, be can ae u diti gene oy steamer in about four hours, where Caen, tun to Falaise several times a day. At Place, tli re William and his Queen find a resting arelifteetuKre more splendid samples of Norman ‘ua. ll in any city in Europe. I am, Sir, yours, &c., London l ( N v A e t.N. AMERICAN TRAVELLER. 4. N CAT4O 1.1 ACLES.—We LIC 1 IR Prepared to Catholic miracles, as soon as Asr.B(inahill is taughtse© bel i eveDr, the to keep in his head a respectful tongue. poor Irish Roman,, Catholic priests cease instigating wicked gainst England, and impressing them with the povertvu'ti.on, that England is the . source of all their e se ed- in woes. As soon as Cardinal Wiseman has . sue- Abbe yd which - al r gating the "little Paradise" round Westminster he talked so boastingly about in his ad thete"' A s snen as the Pope practises in all his actions extreme benevolence he professes in all his words; and, as the first proof of it, releases the hundreds of poor priso ners now to for political offences in the dungeons of Pi n s and As sot. ' as the Pope allows an English ~.athedral to Rebuilt in the n centre of Rome, as we allow a V-Koolau cathedral to be built in the middle of London. As 0 ° 1 , 11 4 , 4 3 8 tile French soldiers are driven out of Rome, and the the h hod Y-guard consists of none but Romans. As soon as pictures that Ai better . - a oy..e eYtraordinary eveuts are accomplish . ed we sha l be ,a spared to believe anv impossibility in the way of insniereaze, or anything " 1, , or statue's that bleed, or cabbages that else they please; for nothing short of a el e eau bring 'utterly are accornplistisd, we will improbable, to pass the accomplishment of events so if notperfectly impossible. When they We must stubborn believers in Roman Catholic miracles ; hut then romise to be amongst the most ilcredulit bye......all_ouwnediithe healthy privilege of a little rational S P c . k r ,„,GIMATI ACCIDENT TO Ma. BATTY'S CLOWN..-- tr,.: - Tut', Who is well known 55 the clown at Mr. Batty's ,w;:knuroine, at Kensington, met with an accident yesterday que"" might have been attended with very serious conse te- t r e3 ' It aPpears that after ono of the performances he r, la an o mnibus to take him to his residence, near Isling liu and ss the vehicle a p ssing along Oxford-street it ,o lotoihnto: ruck in the ro w ad, s an - t a i in . the violent cop ., ' n Mr. cesi .". w s V.tc off into the street. He c .rnplam l e - d lo of - liv e p , where in in his Pital arm, and was taken to the Charing-cross disl )eutse the b he Was seen and attended to by Mr. Dalton, surgeon, who found one of his wrists frightfully lie „„ e d bY the fall. All the aid of surgical skill was ap- Flnstl37;e dkjointed bone set ; but it is probable Mr. It 'wo u l d :, 5 unable to follovr his avocation for some time. thesea_ye better if pavements were in such a state that ".`aclets were liable to happen. arrived i NuvE„L mPo:ToAt TlON.—Yesterday the Diana R t ,,, jau : the river, from St. I'etersburgh, with a cargo of irap ,rtavansages, ox and reindeer tongues. This is the first th e 4 ..._ 4 01 Itussiati sausages that has taken place, and VT RV ' • e - l a viewed with ihucu curiosity. ) lied h ' f , I. 00 ( 10 vton put,' ' )0: IS ,1) ieZZI .101 31 o f tb e, - ted tbi be P r° l ol • Et nil, , r hat a h e perti.,# th .- 3 fl e a f iOn 13. I! lot A ' 6 ,; 1 01 for O S ' e be D A l ; • ' ;ling 0 ) Lists') a F ri ;i t Was 3 1 : t o i s , Uk 'Ci 00 1 0 t) (0 1 1 :1 Sri 111 O il CI t he ) 001 I,s eeo go t oil % rtl lo- , eo bo t heit or. ; - : 0 0 0 ) SUN, LONDON, SALE AT KNOWSLEY. The long talked-of sale of the aviary and menagerie at Knowsley was commenced on Monday morning by Mr. Stevens, the auctioneer, of King.street, Covent garden. Among the gentlemen who attended were M. Preveaux, secretary of the Jardins des Plautes at Paris, Mr. Verchman, from the public gardens, Am sterdam, Mr. Bachrnan, from the gi-r.rciens at Antwerp, Lord llill, Mr. Branston, of Vw embwell's, Mr. Jamrae, a dealer from London, &c. The collec tion is universally admitted to be the :most extensive and valuable in the possession of a private individual throughout Europe. It was the result of the research of the whole life of the late Earl of Derby, and was not acquired and maintained without enormous cost, the annual expenditure of his Lordship in this way being estimated at upwards of 10,0001. The collection con tained specimens of birds and beasts ; for although it went under the appellation of an aviary it comprised several hundred specimens of mam malia, under the different classes of deer, antelopes, cattle, goats, sheep, llamas, kanga roos, zebras, rodents, lemurs, armadillos, and dogs. The feathered portion of the collection was divided into more numerous classes. Yes terday was devoted to the sale of the first class of manunalia—the deer—which contained 56 lots. At 12 o'clock Mr. Stevens, the auctioneer, invited the com pany—which had by that time become very numerous —to accompany him through the grounds to the pens in which the several lots were to be seen. The first lot put up was a fine Java deer— cervus rusa of S. Muller. Lord Hill commenced the bidding at five guineas, the animal was ultimately knocked down to him at 13 guineas. A second, also, a male, was bought by Mr. Thompson, the curator of the col- lection, for eleven guinea;, as it was understood, for a friend of Lord Hill. A female specimen, bred at Knowsley, brought 10 guineas; and another eight. A Molucca deer (male) cervus rasa Moluccensis of S. Muller, the only one in Europe, was bought by Mr. Thompson for nine guineas. Another of the same species and sex was knocked down to M. Pre veaux for 231.; a female was bought by M. Verch man for 10 guineas; and another female was bought by Mr. Jamrae for seven guineas. Seven bog-deer were next put up—cervus Hyela phus porcinus. A male and female, the latter bred at Knowsley, were bought by Mr. Thomp son for 11/. ; another pair were bought by Mr. Ducker for 91. 10a. ; and three, a male and two females, were bought by Lord Hill for 121. 103. A Muntjac—cervus Munyccus from India (male), was knocked down to M. Preveaux for 71.; a pair of the same species, bred at Knowsley, were bought by the same gentleman for 151. Mr. Ducker bought a brocket deer, cervus ( Coussus), from Brazil, for 6!. 10s. ; a female brought 51. 10i., bought by the same gentlemair. The next lot, a Savannah deer, had died shortly before the commencement of the sale. A Virginian fallow deer, cervus Virginianus, was bought by M. Preveaux for 71.; Mr. Ducker bought a pair of the same species for 9/. 103. The next lot consisted of 11 roe-deer, which were at large in the park, and were put up subjected to all faults, and with the condition that the purchaser should catch them. They have, with one exception, been bred at Knowsley. The lot was knocked down to Mr. Her ring, of the New road, for 2/. 10s. each. The above comprise the principal lots offered yesterday. The auctioneer, before commencing the business of the day, refuted a rumour to the effect that the late Earl of Derby was opposed to the dispersion of the animals and birds forming the Knowsley collection. REPUBLICANISM 1N RUSSIA. Are we to become Republican or Cossack ? . If Europe hastens its development and greatly outstrips Russia, it may fall a victim to its precocity ; for Hu manity is slow in its movements, and any section of it too quickly developed, is in peril. Humanity grows ; we cannot force it. As Giiethe says, who can tell the caterpillar creeping on the twig, of its future food ? Who can aid the chrysalis in bursting through its shell ? The time comes; it loosens itself and flies into the rose's lap : " Wer kann der Raupe, die am Zweige kriecht, Von ihrem iiatt'gen Futter sprechen? Und wer der Puppe, die am Boden liegt, Die zinc Schuh) helfen durcbzubrecheu? Es kommt die Zeit: sic drangt sich selber los, Und eilt auf Fittigen der Rose in den Schoos." It is perilous for Europe to become Republican while Russia is Cossack ; but we are glad to say that in Russia herself the Republican doctrine has its adhe rents, and among the announcements of new works considerable interest is excited by the Developevnent des Idees Revolutionnaires en Russie, par.A. Iscander. —Leader. LICENSED VICTUALLERS' SCHOOL.—A most in teresting event took place in respect to this valuable institu tion yesterday. Forty-two children—twenty• four boys and eighteen girls—were admitted into the school in Kennington • lane, without being obliged to undergo the ordeal of an election. The committee of the school determined on this arrangement to give éclat to the year 1851. This pleasing circumstance, which is, we believe, without a parallel as re gards any similar institution in the country, brought to gether a large number of the friends of the schoOl, who wit nessed the inauguration of the candidates with feelings of intense satisfaction. Mr. Findley, the governor, and the committee of the school, received the children into the insti tution, and great gratification pervaded all present upon the occasion. With this addition to the children at present on the foundation, the number receiving the benefits of a sound secular and moral education is now 150. FATHER GAYAZZI IN EDINBURGII.—This cele brated Italian orator made his third appearance in Edinburgh on Thursday nigh; - , when the Music Hall was crowded in every part by an enthusiastic audience. The subject of the Padre's oration was announced to be " Italy and the Papacy." Gavazzi was loudly applauded on making his appearance on' the platform, to which he was accompanied by Mr. Hog of Newliston, the Bev. Dr. Cunninghame, Professor Fraser, Dr. Schmitz, of the High School, Rev. Mr. Gregory, Bailie Fyfe, Councillors Hill an I Boyd, Mr. Hunter, auditor of the Court of Session, Mr. James Simpson, advocate, Mr. W. Smith, Mr. G. Wood, Signor Nicolini, and several other gentlemen. Mr. Hog of Newliston, in the absence of the Lord Provost, was called to the chair. Mr. James Greig an nounced the subject of lecture, and stated that that morning a Society of the Friends of Italy had been formed in Edin burgh in connexion with the London Society, that this was the inauguration of the new society, and that Father Gavazzi had come forward in the most handsome manner both tg dedicate the proceeds of thatlecture to the funds and to en deavour to exc it e an i n t eres t i n its behalf. Father Gavaz zi then proceeded with his address in Italian, and afterwards Mr. Greig read a brief outline of it in English. We bad a report of th e ora ti on prepare d, b ut we are forced to omit it from want of room. At the close a vote of thanks was cor dially given to Father Gavazzi for his eloquent and interest ing address; and after a similar compliment had been paid E to d t i h n e tug C , h l a t i A rlp d a r n er a ti u s d er t . o Mr. Greig, the meeting separated.— MILK AND ITS ADULTERATIONS.—The Lancet having directed its attention to the adulteration practised in milk, the result of the examination of twenty six samples is, though b a d enough, not so bad as generally reported and believed, for twelve were f oun d t o b e genu i ne , t wo w e r e deficie n t in cream, and eleven were found to be adulterated, but in every case the adulteration consisted in water only, the proportions of which varied from 10 to 50 per cent. or whiting, siz e , on e - half of th e art i cle, but in no instance was chalk or gum, &seeps' brains, or any of the substances generally su pposed to be use d i n. the adulteralion of milk, deter cted. Th© names o f the parties guilty of adulterating thei milk are made known, by which means the public be mentioned that these samples may guard themselves against the • ition but it may oufotr b th v e l , h se ic l il v , e a with .f.‘rrhe t h a e r th " West-end" milkmen. Simple and inexpensive means are were obtained only of little trouble, persons.. genuine article or not, It was ascertained in the course of p ascertain oi n t e d eyaresupphedw it m h ay a these investigations that the milk of the afternoon is much superior to that of the morning. FATAL ACCIDENTS ON THE RlVER.—Yesterday afternoon, about four oclock, a small sailing boat, in which were two persons, o ur foul of a m ooring -chain off Rother bithe Dock, and almost instantly capsized, and ' both parties, were immersed. The accident was observed from the shore, and boats put off, and they for succeeded in saving Mr. Heritage, of Union-street, Southwark. The other person, a Mr. White, of Manchester, on a visit to Mr. Heritage, was drowned, and his body was not recovered. A man named John Saunders, of Burgess-street, W estminster, fell from off the Favourite, barg su e, at Litnehouse ; he was carri e d away b y the current withsuch rapidity, that before assistance could reach him he sank, and was drowned. HAMBURGH, OCT. 4.—PRICES OF .FUNDS.----HAM d-a-Half per Cents., 89% bills, 89 3 / moue • burgh Three-an 0 101 bills, 101 money ; H a 4. Five Lubeck Loan, 1 ,.. ii5 rus 104 ~,, money ;Prussian nozn an d per Cents., 104 ii _ l 'l, ?.. s; in Russian English Loan, ulor7anbillsa; Half per Cents., 103 n s'tei litz, 89 money; Danish Three per Four per Cents., is • to g in 100/. shares, 100 money; ditto, Cents., 74 bills; ditto bills; Sardinian Five per Cents., 79 bills ; Five per Cents., 98 Cents., 97 bills. 96,14 money; Norwegian Swedish Four per 1: Spanish Five per Cents., 131• bills; Four per Cents., 99 ditto, 4 Three per Cents., 33% bills, 33 1 4 bills, 18% money; per Cents., 1(8 4 bills, 108% money ; money ; American Six_ ents , 85% bills. Railways—Ham- Maryland Five per , U bills; . ditto Priority, 106 bills; Ber- Bergsdorf, 90 •.s ne y • ditto Priority, 102% burgh- .ss _ , lin-Hamburgh, 100 bills, 99 , money r h, 65.1 bills; ditto Priority, bills; Magdeburgh-Wittenbu g Cologne-Minden, 107 bills ; Five per Cents., 103 money ; ditto Priority, 102% money;aacyaer Cents., 10 bills; AI. L Mecklenburgh, 2 3 0% bills ; ditto Priority, Four-and-a-half p tons-Kiel, 108 Ls, bills, 108 money;Rendsburgh, 136 money ; Copenhagen, 99 bills. Frederick-William, Northern, 35 belle; —Borsenhallc, Oct. 4. —The broad THE SILK TRADE,--MONDAT, OCT. G. fancy silk trade a t Lei g h, Failswort h , Middl e ton, Manches ter, and vicinities, still continues in a precar ious state ; yet w ithin the last few there have been rather better prospects f igure d work, are days. At se vera l places during the last week winders , dy ers, and'warpers bad more work than for moderate requ est; the sever al weeks past. Satin stripe mix e d goo d s w ere in finest sorts of br oca d es , en d ne w sorts of oseveral large ' • and Saturday more inquired after. On I riday out to their silk manufacturers delivered rather more work nd the weavers weavers; but this is by no means general, a than four days' of plain goods, on an average, have not more are preparing work per week. Several large firms, however, that, after goods for spring orders, and hopes are entertained. the Exhibition has been closed, the silk trade will again re vive. The raw material is very high at present. HOP INTELLIG ENCE.—CRANBRODK.— There WflS a • nltnerous attendance at our fair on Monday, and we are ii: .. firmed that some goo d samples of Weald of Kent bops re _ I,sed 6/. 16s. to 71. p er cwt. ; but in the aggregate not much business was transact e d , the buyers seeming determined to make their purchases through the agency of factors—a course, perhaps, which is after all the best, the more espe cially so when the factor is prudent enough to confine him self to the strict letter of his calling, and not step in as a merchant. We noticed a good supply of heavy colts, and some of them changed hands. There was but very little stock of any description, and corn ruled very dull, and, to u4i a farnates p lara4e7nllre Mtineratiye.—Olaidslone Journal. READINGS FOR THE RAIL. ESSAYS FROM THE " TIMES." Reprinted by Permission. THE " FORTY-FIVE." By Lord Mahon. THE CHASE. By "Nimrod. John Murray. Encouraged by the orilliant success attendant upon many recent adventures in the way of supplying the masses with cheap and standard literature, Mr Murray has commenced the issue of a new aeries, destined, we are satisfied, to occupy a very distinguished position among this remarkable class of periodicals. This cir cumstance is perhaps not the less deserving of public consideration when it is coupled with the appearance of another admirable list of works of a similar charac ter, given to the world almost simultaneously by the eminent house of the Messrs. Longman. When it is observed that efforts of this popular description are being made by those who were aptly described on the lit of July, by Sir Edward Bul wer Lytton, as the " Medici of Publishers," it must be allowed that the aspirants for national education have ample reason to exult in the prospects of a rapid spread of know ledge throughout the population. Formerly this endeavour to supply the multitude with valuable books at a reasonable price was restricted to very small number of adventurous and intelligent men ; but the merits of their undertakings have for tunately of late years excited a generous emulation among their contemporaries. The Lengmans are bringing out the Travellers' Library, as the Cham bers brought out th&ir Information for the People; and Murray is now issuing from the press successive portions of Readings for the Rail just as, of old, Knight printed from week to week instalments of the Penny Magazine. Elsewhere in the publishing world a like emulation is being manifested, but at present our remarks must be confined to the example of the enterprise now lying before us for consideration. In the first of the three volumes above mentioned we re cognise, we feel assured, the opening of a new epoch in the progress of periodical literature. It will be perceived that the book comprises alto gether eleven essays, very judiciously selected from literary criticisms which have appeared in the columns of our morning contemporary. By thus grouping these papers together, and reproduc ing them in the form of a separate work, apart from the more ephemeral materials of a news paper, the writer has rescued them from the gradually increasing obscurity in which they must necessarily have been ultimately involved. Many of the reading public will be rejoiced we doubt not at the fact of this re-issue—more especially When it is remembered that the articles in question relate to subjects entitled to secure to themselves a large amount of popularity. It is scarcely requisite, we believe, to say more to the majority in regard to these subjects than that they will, most of them, be at once recog nised. For example, one essay relates to the fortune, ' or rather, perhaps, we might more correctly say, the misfortune, which has associated together the names o f " Lord Nelson and Lady Hamilton." Another ar- tide is a well• known argument in reference to " Rail way Novels ; " and a third has allusion to the calamities attendant on " Louis Philippe and his Family." As, so to speak, supplementary curiosities of literature, we find also among the essays here collected together, those relating to the genius of " John Keats," and the intellectual industry of " Robert Southey." Auto-; biographical works will be found recriticised in the essays on " Cottle's Reminiscences," and on " Lord Holland's Reminiscences." Historical chapters will be discovered in the articles relating respectively to " Grote's History of Greece," and to the " Drama of the French Revolution ;" while estimates of two very extraordinary persons will be perceived in other por tions of the volume, those persons being men no less dissimilar than " Dean Swift " and " Howard, the Philanthropist." Perhaps the most masterly essay in the whole collection is that relating to the memorable loves of Stella and Vanessa. We consider, we repeat, the issue of the book containing these remarkable papers as inaugurative of a new era in periodical literature. For inasmuch as Mr. Murray has had the courage to adventure upon what many might have presumed to be a hazardous experi ment, but what is already proving to be a brilliant triumph in republication, he is entitled to the ap plause of the press, and we cannot but think, also, in a very great measure to the gratitude of the general community. It is satisfactory, of course, to witness the re-issue of such a production as the narrative of the insurrection of 1745, extracted from Lord Mahon's " History of England." Equally gratifying again, in its way, is the announcement of the re-appearance, in an accessible shape, of the celebrated " Chase by Nimrod," one of the most delightful and graphic among all the exhilarating effusions of Mr. Apperley. Yet, notwithstanding the value of these very inte resting specimens of Readings for the Rail, we regard the collection of "Essays from the Times" as a work altogether too remarkable of its kind not to eclipse the popularity which might otherwise have been more directly lavished upon its companion re publications. Speaking modestly, but emphati cally, upon the peculiar circumstances mar k • ing tbe reprint of those papers from our con temporary, the publisher observes in a notice prefixed to the volume :—"lt has long been a subject of gene- ral regret that literary productions of the Highest order, and referring to !natters of lasting interest, should be doomed, through the peculiar medium of their publi cation, to an ephemeral existence; and the acknow ledged frequency with which such compositions have been extracted from the paper for preservation in the reader's common-place book, affords the best possible proof of a wide-spread desire to possess the interesting and - instructive records which it is the object of the present volumes to perpetuate." The accuracy of these eulogistic words is sufficiently evidenced by the papers comprised in the very book referred to, and the truth fulness of the remarks of Mr. Murray are in conse- quence thereby most decidedly and satisfactorily vin dicated. 'Whoever is interested in the diffusion of really wholesome knowledge among the masses, in the development of the system of journalism, and in the cultivation of a pure literary taste by the multitude, will exult with ourselves in the appearance of a work like the one here particularised, a work which must ultimately and very materially tend to secure the ad vancement of periodical literature. COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, MONDAY. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert attended divine service yesterday in the parish church of Crathie. The service was performed by the Rev. A. Anderson. The Viscountess Canning, the Hon. Beatrice Byng, Earl Grey, and the Gentlemen of the Household were in attendance. A meeting of the Finance Committee of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 was held yesterday at the Exhibition Building. There were present, Earl Granville (Chairman), Mr. Baring, M.P , Mr. Cubitt, Colonel Reid, and Mr. Bowring (Secretary). Mr. Cole, Mr. Dilke, and Mr. Carpenter, were also present. The Oxford University Commission had a meeting yesterday at the official residence of the Fir st Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present—The Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Rev. H. G. Liddell, J. L. Dampier, Esq., the Rev. Profes sor Powell, the Rev. G. H. S. Johnson, and the Rev. A. P. Stanley (secretary). The Marquis of Lansdowne has arrived at the Grove, the seat of the Earl of Clarendon. Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial Office from the Governor of Canada. HER MAJESTY'S PROGRESS. Her Majesty arrived in Edinburgh from Balmoral yesterday (Tuesday) evening, at eight o'clock. When the royal train was within about thirteen miles of Edinburgh one of the pipes of the boiler of the engine burst, which detained the traits about an hour. The accident was not such as to create the slightest alarm to her Majesty. A fresh engine was sent from Edinburgh to bring the train in. Her Majesty was most enthusiastically received by the inhabitants of Edinburgh in her progress to Holyrood Palace, from which she will start for the south this (Wednesday) morning, at half-past 8 o'clock HER IVIAJESTY' THEATRE.—It is announced that this theatre will close on Saturday with the Exhibition. The four last performances are to be Fidelio (this evening), Bar biere (to-morrow), Sonnernbuia (Friday), and Norma (Sa turday), Mademoiselle Cruvelli supporting the principal character in each. Mr. Lumley is making active prepara tions for his winter campaign at the &miles, in Paris. Ile will open on the 14th of next month with Lucrczia Borgia, on which occasion Madame Barbieri Nini will make b er debut before a French public. Madame Barbieri Nini has arrived in Paris. Mademoiselle Cruvelli leaves London for Paris on Monday morning, so that the theatre must positively close on Saturday. TIM 6RNITHORHYNEUS.—Among the wonders in the Crystal Palace, there is a very fine specimen of that rare and remarkable animal the ornithorhyneus, or duck billed platypus. The' c-eature is a native of Australia, amphibious, and is regarded by naturalists as the connecting link between the furred and the feathered tribes; it has the body of the quadruped with the head or beak of the duck ! It is, notwithstanding this marvellous incongruity, a very pretty looking animal. When first brought to this country it was looked upon C. 3 a cheat, made up to impose on the learned in zoology. Dr. Shaw doubted the evidence of his o wn eyes, till a scientific dissection put the question of its reality beyond a doubt. It is exhibited by Mr. G. Ellis, of Fore-street. The sale of Milton House and the extensive domain appertaining to the property, four miles only from Bedford, is announced in our columns to take place positively cd Thursday, October 16. It is rarely an estate is in the market offering so many attractions both for residence and investment, and no doubt much competition will be excited. EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE ELECTION.—The election of a Member for the East Riding of Yorkshire, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Broadley, took place yesterday, when the Hun. Captain Duncornbe was re ttlinOd With9tl& 9PP9oiti9ut WEDNESDAY THE AMERICAN NEWS. By the United States' mail steam-ship Pacific, Captain Nye, we have advices from New York to the 27th. She brings 120,0001. in specie. During the passage Mr. Mitchell, of the firm of Denistoun and Co., of Liverpool, was lost overboard. A very destructive fire had occurred at Buffalo. Great consternation prevailed in New York, owing to the rumoured instability of the banks; more than half-a-dozen had been named as week. The influence upon the stock-market of the pressure of money was severely felt. Government stocks had suffered less than any other. The Courier and En quirer says : _ _ "For several days past the condition of financial mat ters has been growing worse, and, should there be no diminution of the present excitement in regard to private credits, we fear the result will be disastrous to many houses who are becoming seriously embarrassed in their negotiations for money. Several failures have occurred within the peat week, the inguence of which has not only created something of a panic in the discount market, but has extended itself to some of the banks. Money on call has been in request at increased rates of interest, and none but the most desirable securities would bring money upon any terms." _ _ _ The banks that have already failed are the People's Bank and the Commercial Bank. The market for foreign exchange to send by the Pacific was rather weak, the scarcity of money limiting purchasers very materially. On London, 110-1,- to 1 lOi. The sales of cotton for the last three days amounted to 1,900 bales. The market continued dull, some sales being made at a decline, though holders were gene rally firm. The market for iron was firm; for tobacco there was a fair demand; flour and wheat firm, and, the former had advanced. Freights remained depressed. Flour to Liverpool, 6d. to 7d., to London ls. 6d. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. Arrived at New York—The Guy Mannering, Ash burton, Ma'flower, Luconia, Buena Vista, Elizabeth, American Union, R. Parker, and Sarah, from Liver pool ' • London and the Globe, from London ; Mohonga, from Londonderry ; Clara Ann, from Bristol ; Robina, from Glasgow ; Florence, from Limerick ; Bavaria, Fortitude, ar.d Prince de Joinville, from Ilavre ; Caril lon, from Bremen. Arrived at Charleston—The John Calhoun and Annie, from Liverpool. Arrived at Boston—The Ocean Queen, Silas Leonard, ' Daniel Webster, and Sachen, honk Liverpool ; Rival, from London ; America, Glasgow, and Courier, from Cadiz ' • Clara and Bride, from Glasgow ; Olive an d At lantic, from Clare. I Arrived at Philadelphia—The Berlin, Mary Pleasant, and Rhine, from Liverpool ; Mary Dale, from London derry. Arrived at Baltimore—The A. Cheeseborough, Ed ward Everett, and Repeater, from Liverpool. Arrived at Alexandria—The Virgin and Caroline, from Newport. THE WEST INDIA AND MEXICAN MAIL. SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 7. The Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Clyde, Captain F. E. Moss, with the West India mails, in charge of Lieutenant Percival, R.N., Admiralty agent, arrived this morning at half-past eleven o'cock. During the homeward voyage of the Clyde she experienced moderate weather throughout. The latest dates brought by the Clyde are : Vera Cruz, Sept. 6 ; Tampico, 4 ; Chagres, 9 ; Car thegena, 11; Jamaica, 13; Demerara, 11 ; Trinidad, 11 ; Barbadoes, 13 ; Grenada, 12; St. Kitt's, 15 ; Nevis, 15 ; Porto Rico, 17 ; St. Thomas, 18; La Guayra, 12; Tortola, 16; Antigua, 15; St. Vincent, 12; St. Lucia, 14 ; Montserrat, 15 ; Santa Martha, 9 ; Gray Town, 3. _ _ _ The Clyde brings on freight :-334,887 dolls., on merchants' account; 41,343 dolls. for the dividends; 243,693 dolls. gold dust and gold in bars ; 1,125 dolls. platina ; 1001. British coin; 79 serons cochineal; two small parcels pearls, value 3,750 dolls. ; 3 tierces of eoffee ; 31 brls. ditto; 18 brls. ginger; 10 bales of tobacco ; 85 bales Peruvian bark, and 59 packages of sundries. The following is a list of the passengers,by this arrival, and from whence:— Sir William Colebrook, Miss Colebrook, and Mr. For man, from Barbadces; Mr. David, Mr. f3ailly, Mr. Du cliesne, and Mrs. St. Loskey, from Chagres; Mr, Robert Lake, from Trinidad; Lady Campbell and companion, Mr. Cloke, and Mr. Checkley, from St. Vincent; Mr. and Miss Montifirre, Mr. Watson, M rs . M onett , M r . Kilkelly, Mr. Webber, Mr. Gibbons, and two Misses Gibbons, from Barbadoes; Mr. Dancy, Mr. de la Motte and boy, and Mr. De Rsime, from Martinique; Mr. Gueyton, lady, and chile, Mr. Lafaye, and Mr. Devilli, frem Guadaloupe; Miss Quelch, from St. Kitt's; Mr. Haarer, from Greneda; Mr. Mirafuentes and Mr. 13ahr, from Vera Cruz; Mr. Grant, Lieut. Lovell (16th R-g.), lady, child, and servant, Colonel Hughes (lit West India, Regiment), Lieut. Tomkinson, R.A., Captain Smith, 144, and eight children, Mr. Fyfe. and Master Osborne and nurse, from Jamaica; Mr. Casellos and Mr. Rabens, from Porto Rico; and five deck passengers. DEMERARA. Our usual files of papers from this place have come to hand, but we find little worth extracting►. The propositions which had ken brought forward by Governor Bat lily for making some changes in the political institutions of the colony had not, up to the leaving of the mail, been proceeded with. He is at present on a visit to the county of Berbice, and, un less any sudden emergency should arise, the Court of Policy will not re -assemble before the 29th. A severe shock of earthquake was felt on the morning of the Bth ult., but no injury result from it. The weather has been very warm during the past fortnight, but a few light and partial showers have fallen. The manufactur e o f sugar is go i ng on briskly, and there is a good demand for produce. JAMAICA. The news from this island is to the 13th ult., but ;here is little of interest. The House of Assembly, it was said, would be called together on Tuesday, the 28th instant, by which period the business of the Supreme Court and Middlesex Assizes would be concluded. The cholera may be said to have disappeared, and on the whole the island is healthy. The weather was cloudy and a good deal of rain had fallen, which ren dered the agricultural districts remarkably pleasant. EXCHANGES.—On London—Colonial Bank, 90 days, i per cent., 60 day s , 1 per cent., 30 days, li per cent., all prem. a arnaica Bank, 90 days, i per cent., 60 days, 1 per , cent., 30 d a y s , ji per cent., all prem. ; merchants bill s, 90 days, par. On New ; - York—Merchants' bills, 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. Ships spoken with on return voyage.—September 19, passed and exchanged colours with a Hamburgh brig, showing No. 52, in black figures on white ground, steering westward. September 28, 5.30 P.M., passed and spoke the barque Merope, of Swan River, from Sydney for Lond on , o ut 145 days, in lat. 38 22 N., long. 40 2 3 W. October 4, 1 P.M., passed and signalled the ship Jane White, of Hull, steering to eastward, in let. 47 23 N., long. 16 32 W. October 6, 8.30 A.M., spoke the ship Charlotte, of London, from Calcutta, lat. 49 23 N., long. 6 35 W., steering up Channel. Stationsatof St. the Thomas,compa d company's steam-ships.—The Great Western, September 18 ; the Thames , September 18 ; the Con way, on the Havannah and Honduras route; the Eagle, at St. Thoma s, September 18 ; the Derwent, at Barbadues, Sep temb er 13 . le t f . t TCialrotmhaags,e fromna September 10 ; th e T ren t arri ve d a t St. Englan THE JAMAICA. BANK.—At the half-yearly meet ing of the sharehol ders of this ' establishment, held on Mon of dsY tle b a hainit highly satisfactory report o f th e transac tionsor the six months endin g 30th J une last was presented by the dir ectors. — Morning Jour nal, Sept. 6. ASSISTANCE TO JAMAICA FOR, PURPOSES OF CHO• LERA.—Her Majesty s Government have obtained a gran is to be divided grant of 7,000/. (seven thousand pounds) from Par liament, to assist Jamaica in .he s r u d m istresses resulting from cholera, but whether this who were sent here art of the,kyear, or during the early part of _ , , to be distributed in the island who among persons have become sufferers Journal, Sept. 6. among the several medical men from the disease, has not been COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. KINGSTON, JAMAICA, SEPT. 13. *(From De Cordova 's Mercantile Intelligencer.) We have but few operations of any importance to re port in this number of the Intelli gences. Stocks are circumstance generally light, but that has had no , e ff ec t in inducing the trade t o co m e for ward with any more alacrity than they have exhibited f or some weeks past. In fact, our business has , du ring the last few , months, been narrowing itself wit h in the limits of a st r i c tly retail trade, speculation has all but ceased ; and, save and iactive. Th e h ow in very few instances, dealers evince extreme reluc tance to venture en wholesale purcha ses when the con trary is optional to them at a proporti onate advance of prices. The produce market is quiet, and b ut li ttle is being done for exportation. Sugars are low, p r i ces ranging from good plentiful ordinary, The finer quali tiescrop of pimento is being taken off, b ut t h e market as yet a u kt i o n is very lightly supplied. . i.ls. a t r are l 7s' scarce. for d ltr m receipts since our last have been limited to one cargo of Georgetown and Alexandria, some 1,400 barrels, the most considerable portion of which was placed at 325: per barrel. The market is again bare. Meal continues to bring 16s. per barrel. The market is amply eupplicA. Rice--A public sale of Madras was attempted in the early part of the fortnight, but nothing was done. Ben gal sells at 13g. to 13s. 6d. Of Carolina 100 tierces have changed hands at 17s. per 1001 h. Butter—lrish has been moving slowly, at Sid. for Bel fast and 101 for Cork. Udders of the latter rre firm at the quotation. The market is almost bare of American and dalifax. The former, of good quality, commands per powad, EVENING, OCTOBER B, 1851. Bread—Pilot is scarce, but crackers are plentiful and inactive. We quote the former at 184. and the latter at 20.9.. per barrel._ Mackerel—Nothing over 243. can be got for best No. 3. Herrings are worth 14a. to IBs., according to quality. The late parcels were of inferior quality. Lumber—White pine is in improved inquiry. A cargo to arrive is held for 855., deliverable at an outport; but there are several lots on band, the remainder of previous importations, which are being retailed at 80s. to 100 s., according to quality. Good cedar shmgles are worth 225. per 1,000. Beef—American" Family" is taken at 465. to 488. per half-barrel. Tongues—We quote pig's at 505., and ox at 48s. per half-barrel, and proportionately for pares. A lot of Irish ox tongues has been placed at 12s. per keg of six tongues. Brandy may be readily obtained at 53. to ss. 6d. per gallon, short price. The stock is very heavy. Geneva changes hands at 6s. 6d. per case, in bond. The market is very considerably overstocked. Corn—We quote American at 7s. 6d. per bag of two bushels. There is not any Columbian at market. Eum is inactive at 3s. to 3s. 3d. per gallon, proof, for home consumption, or Is. 3d. for exportation. Sugar—We range our quotations at 14s. to 17s. per 100 lb. for da:k to good middling. Fair sugars are very scarce. Logwood is in small inquiry at 365. to 38s. per ton. Coffee-32 per 1001 b. would be readily paid for good ordinary, but there is not any on offer. Pimento—The new crop is being taken off, but only small parcels have as yet found their way to market. There are buyers at 3d. to 31d. per lb. Ginger—No recent operations have transpired. Gold—Columbian doubloons are worth 2 to 21 per cent., and American gold 1 per cent. premium. Malt—Bottled is wanted. It may be quoted at 7s. 9d. per dozen. Bulk is plentiful and dull at 755. per hogs head. Salt—Liverpool stoved is inactive. About 400 sacks have changed hands at 4s. _ Tobaccji—The stock of all descriptions is heavy, Leaf has been sold at 60s. per 100111, and Cavendish at 10d. per lb. PA—The schooner Ocean Queen, from Halifax, came in after the foregoing was in type. Her cargo consists of about 10 hhds., 100 tierces, and 200 boxes codfish, a few barrels mackerel and herrings, and 30 barrels sal mon. The last named may be considered a full supply for at least five or six weeks. EXCIIANGES ON LONDON. Colonial Bank ... 90 days, per cent. prem. Si ..• 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. it ••• 30 days, 1i per cent. prem. Jamaica Bank ... 90 days, per cent. prom. 46 ••• 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. 41 _ ••• 30 days, 1i per cent. prem. Merchants' Bills ... 90 days, par. ON NEW YORK. Merchants' Bills, 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. THE JUDGE OF THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT AND MR. WHITTY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIE,—As a friend to free and impartial inquiry, you will probably deem the remarks of this letter not the less deserving of insertion in your columns, though opposed to the present current of public opinion. That the steps taken by Mr. Ramshay have been of an extreme character, and that his language and conduct have been injudicious, can scarcely be dis , puted. But the questions still remain—ls Mr. Whitty deserving of all the public sympathy that he has received? Is it conducive to the high character for gentlemanlike conduct of the leading members of the English press, to make common cause with him, and to hold him up as a blameless martyr ? This question may best be answered by the solution of another, viz., Are respectable English journals (whe ther in London or elsewhere) in the Paha of doing what he did when he caused the name of Mr. Ram shay to be placarded on the walls of the town of Liverpool, within a short distance of his court ? In vindication of Mr. Whitty it has been said, this placard was perfectly innocent ;:it merely announced that his paper contained " Mr. Ramshay's opinion of the people of Liverpool ;" and that opinion, it is further urged, might have been quite complimentary. Further, it has been suggested that in all this the Liverpool journalist did no more towards Mr. Ram shay than the Times or the Examiner have done towards Justice Talfourd or Baron Martin, viz., com ment freely on his decisions. Now, with all due deference to those who adopt such views, I may be allowed to observe that, in my humble judgment, nothing but the excitement of the present time time can account for the reception by sensible and intelligent writers of sophistries so pal pable as these views involve. What manner of analogy is there between a comment on the opinions of judges confined to the columns of a public journal and placarding their names in the public streets, in an invidious and insulting manner, within a stone's throw from the tribunal where they have to decide between man and man ?To say that this hand-bill in ques tion might have implied that the judge had compli mented the people of the town is a very indifferent defence—considering that the reverse was in truth the fact, and considering also the mutual irritation and hostile feelings that had long existed. The true and fair parallel would occur were the Times, the Examiner, or The Sun to send forth a host of bill stickers to cover the walls of sergeant's Inn, the Temple, and Parliament-street, in term time, with placards announcing the intended publication "in their next journal of Mr. Justice Talfourd's or Mr. Baron Martin's opinion on criminal law, or of Mr. Baron Platt's opinion on high sheriffs, &c." I quite concur in all that has appeared from the press, to the effect that Mr. Ramshay would have acted more judiciously had he borne his late success with dignified silence and forbearance, and treated in sults of this kind with passive contempt. But is the conduct of those who take advantage of his irritability (whether constitutional or from ill-health) to be passed over without the censure it merits ? Nay, more, are they to be made objects of public sympathy and applause ? No one can feel more deeply than the writer of this letter the importance of maintaining the freedom and influence of the public press; but the conductors of the press will best advance this great object by strict im partiality—by employing reproof, and not sympathy, towards a member of the body of journalists who has pursued a questionable course of conduct. I have no intimacy or communication with Mr. Ramshay, and I think it unfortunate that the state of feeling towards him should be what it is, and Mr. Whitty I believe to be, personally, a respectable man. The foregoing remarks have been suggested to me solely by a view of the facts formed at a distance, and on their merits.—l am Sir, &c., Oct. 4, 1851. JURISCONSULTUS. THE CHEAP LOAF. TO THE EDTOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—I am one of those stupid persons who cannot comprehend how producers of food and other neces saries of life, more especially the producers of bread, are benefited by "a cheap loaf." By a cheap loaf I mean a 41b. wheaten loaf, which exchanges for, or is purchased by 2i grains of gold, expressed in our cur rency fivepence. We are instructed by political economists that the value of a commodity depends upon the labour be stowed upon it to prepare it for the use of the pur chaser ; to labour we are directed to look for a measure of value. This admitted ; and if we admit, also, the loaf is become fifty per cent. cheaper by recent legislation, it follows from the precept of the economists that the producer of loaves should pro duce three loaves with the same amount of labour with which he heretofore produced two. Now it is my misfortune to knoW that such is not the fact. In my rural walks I have conversed with many practical farmers and hard-working labourers, and I am convinced from the ir.formation so obtained that the loaf to them is no cheaper than it was, in re lation to the professed measure of value of the economists. I am too old to be won by, or amused even, by frothy speeches ' • I am pleased only by wor d s , w h e th er they be uttered by Peer or plebeian, that express truths. Knowing as I do, that the husbandman doe labour as hard as ever to produce a loaf, I am de sirous to learn whether there is any new system of handicraft discovered by which the loaf can be pro duced by fifty per cent. less labour than it was some ten years since. Taking a common sense view of the matter, I am n- lot, however, without hope that the day of retribu don for the hard-toiling producers is at band—retri bution which will induce so complete a reformation of our :commercial policy, and adjustment of our Monetary system, that they, at any rate, will be justly requited. The economists tell us labour is the measure of value ; their precept is at variance with their practice for our monetary system is, in defiance of their asser tion, based not upon labour, but upon gold. When, and I most fervently hope the day is not distant, we shall have imports of gold reckoned by the hundred weight instead of by the ounce,f the industrious sec tions of the community will be released from the clutches of those who are now by lain permitted to exact three measures of the products of their toil in stead of two only to which the legalised extortioner is entitled. The bullionists will not merely be better informed, but will ha compelled to honest conduct. They will not, in all probability, be over delighted with the celebrated definition of o. pound when they find that the pound of 5 dwts. 3grs. weight of gold will exchange only for a bushel, possibly a gallon, of wheat instead of a sack ; the bullionists will then be ready enough to accede to a just compromise; but until then we must apparently endure, as we best can, the strife and distraction now unhappily pervading our social system. Your obedient and obliged servant, Oct. 7, 1851. J. H. GLUT OF SILVER AT THE EXHIBITION. — Y esterda y it , was found necess ar y t o h ave t wo cabs to convey to lhreadneQdlo-street the accumulation of the previous day, A4C I the weight of omit 4131plillted to Ris kg the J. 5 SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. TIMES —rhe lamentable exhibition made last week by Mr. Ramshay, Judge of the County Court of Liverpool, imperatively calls for immediate action on the part of Lord Carlisle, as well for the sake of the unfortunate gentleman himself as of the public. We are not now about to reason with Mr. Ramshay as to the extent of his power, or as to the peculiar merits of the case which he dragged before his court. Such a mode of dealing with the matter would prove us to have misconceived the mischief with which the Chancellor of the Duchy has to deal. The removal— the immediate removal—of the learned person is of absolute necessity, not because he has mistaken the law, but because., from the peculiar state of his mind— from the condition of morbid excitement in which he now is—he appears utterly incapable of fulfilling the duties of a judge. Unfortunately the late proceedings which have occurred with respect to himself seem to have taken so forcible a hold of his imagination es to have entirely overturned his judgment. The ides that he has been made the subject of a conspiracy, and that he is in duty bound to undertake the specie! mission of defending the administration of justice from the machinations of interested opponents, has reached with him that degree of in tensity which constitutes monomania, and his whole conduct is affected by this prepossession. His mental state no longer that which is com monly described by the terms " bad temper," neither does the word " anger " accurately depict it. One notion has taken possession of his brain ; an unfortu nate train of events operating upon a mind already lowered by illness has exaggerated this notion into a portentous magnitude ; all other considerations seem to him utterly worthless and insignificant when com pared with this monster of his imagination ; and he proceeded to deal with the every -day circumstances of life as if they were really exponents of the things which existed only in his own distorted conceptions. Don Quixote and the windmill is an exact foresha dowing of what occurred the other day at Liverpool. A County Court Judge ought certainly to be deemed a very respectable person ; his functions are impor tant, and the qualifications for his office are such as ought to belong to a man of a learned profession and a gentleman, but there is nothin g to mark such a man out for persecution. There i s nothing in the duties of his office or his relative position in society to make it the interest of a ny powerful class to select him as the victim of a t g h conspiracy. Mr. Ram s hay u otherwise. He went t o Liverpool f p u p ll i ypersuade dh that his predeces sor h a d b een d estroye d b y persecu tion, and he was resolved not like him to succumb or yield to any such attacks. He had conjured up for himself a band of moral assassins, whose every object was to destroy an unright judge; and he fancied that wonderful courage and ever-watchful vigilance were required to resist their baneful machinations. His manners were from the first not those of a man of the world, but were abrupt, rude, and coarse. He was easily excited to anger, and being so excited, he ex pressed himself in the first and least polished phrases which the vernacular afibrded. This peculiarity laid him open to attack—in fact, invited it; and any one who knew aught of the habits of Englishmen could quickly have foretold that Mr. Ramshay would soon lay himself open to imputation and assault. If a man hesitated, he called him a fool ; if he gave an unin telligible answer, he asserted, without further inquiry, that he was drunk. If Mr. Ramshay wished to state that the Court entertained grave suspicions of a particular person's honesty, he at once stated that he was " a rogue," "a rascal ;" and thus he went on from day to day exciting himself as well as those he thus abused, till at length the storm which every man of common foresight must have known would come burst over the angry judge, who was in consequence cited to appear before his superiors. To what took place be fore the tribunal, if tribunal it can be called, before which Mr. Ramshay appeared, we need not now re fer enough was disclosed to show that Mr. R ams h ay ought never to have been appointed. There was not, however, sufficient elicited to justify dismissal. The position of Lord Carlisle was a difficult one, but that difficulty was brought upon him by his own too easy disposition, combined with a failing that belongs to his party as well as himself, he and they being always anxious to support and forward all those who are related to their families, or connected with them as clients and retainers. While the mischievous effects of such a feeling are found resulting only from appointments to inferior positions in the public service, people shut their eyes, or indulge in a little useless grumbling, their displeasure for the most part evaporating in the expression. They treat the proceedings as a foolish weakness, being unwilling to look upon it as a serious evil. Bat when the same spirit of family patronage affects the selection of men for high judicial office—when such extraordinary vagaries are practised as those of which we have lately been wondering beholders, then the public in dignation is fairly roused, and punishment —we use the word advisedly. —must fall, not on the unhappy person chosen, but upon his erring patron. The person really to blame in this matter is, not Mr. Ramshay, but Lord Carlisle. Lord Carlisle was bound to be particularly careful in this case. A great expe riment was being tried in our judicial system. The success of the new arrangements necessarily depended upon the fitness of the judges appointed to administer justice in the newly-framed County Courts, and a failure in any one instance would be likely to excite doubts, and check our advance in cur lately adopted career of legal reform. We know, indeed, that the Administration of which Lord Carlisle forms a part are not, and have not even affected to be, law re formers. But we suppose that, with some exceptions, they are not opposed to improvement in our judicial system, and we cannot suspect any one of them of a desire to throw discredit upon the new plan by means of an incompetent judge, and among the last of those to whom we should attribute such an unworthy mo tive is the Noble Lord himself. His intentions, we have no boubt, were pure, but he certainly was care less; he thought little of the importance of the se lection he was hound by his office to make, and under the influence of this want of consideration, and a wish to forward the son of an old client of his family, he risked, with his eyes open, the mischief that was sure to follow an injudicious appointment. By inquiry, if inquiry had been needed, Lord Carlisle might have ascertained the habits and the character of the learned gentleman, and he would have at once dis covered therefrom that however estimable in other re spects Mr. Ramshay might be, be was totally unfit for the office of a judge. This want of precaution on the part of Lord Carlisle, and his unfortunate selec tion, resulting from the mixed motives we have de scribed, deserve, and doubtless will receive, severe re prehension. Still, even from this most painful occur rence we may derive a salutary lesson. We are by it driven to ask, why is the duty of appiontieg a judge left to the discretion of the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ? The office is one now purely poli tical; it is held by persons of importance to an Ad ministration merely, and is not conferred with any reference to legal knowledge or peculiar ability. Lord Carlisle is an important person in the Whig party, endowed with many amiable qualities, but he knows nothing of law, and must judge of legal attainments and of a man's aptitude for the performance of judicial duties upon hearsay, and by the opinions of others. We have thus one man responsible, and possessing the power of appointment, and we have another really deciding and selecting, who, though the actu ally efficient person in the proceeding, is unknown and irresponsible. Such a system ought to be altered. One person, and one alone, oug ht t o h ave th e appoint ment of the judges of the county courts, and that person should be the Lord Chancellor. He is, or ought to be, a lawyer ; he has passed his life in the prac tice of his profession ' • he must, in some degree, be acquainted with the characters and capacities o f most men practising at the bar; and he is thus from o o mh bl s position able to make the right choice, and re if he make an improper one. We hope, then, that hereafter this mischievous anomaly with respect to this important subject—this idle and foolish privilege now to the Chancellor o f th e Duchy o I Lancaster—will belonging be immediately d one away with, and that the power and duty of selection throughout the kingdom will at ouce be imposed on the Lord Chan cellor, who we also hope will not, like Lord Carlisle in the case of Mr. Ramshay, be induced by favour or personal feelings to forego public for private ends, or allow prejudice and partial affections to usurp the place of duty and of reason. DAILY NEWS.--To those who have watched the course of public affairs in France, there is nothing so surprising, and so mortifying to behold, as the simi larity, almost the sameness, indeed, of all Administra tions in that country. Whether the monarch reigns by what is called legitimatist right, whether he seeks to enforce that right with zeal, or render it palateable by conciliation—whether the occupier of the throne be a king elected by the choice of politicians and the sanction of the people, or whether in fine the Govern mentd be a republic based on universal suffrage, and proclaiming universal rights—it all comes to . the . sa me the point; the Administration is found proced . i o n o g ut i i n on of self-same path. Fear of the law guaranteeing the press, the grossest infraction p . and of everyit, proscription individual r p e i i e p d r t u i o a o l o i liberty e thert y lace n of halfevery trhigeh mind s an d practice f th e French o f d of association,yFe French et nhc;mtpharen manhood onetocaed endeavour eitusnhnge t cojeken,rpf the djreesauditso'f andt t g h a e el m er i e n t Fa h hr e reoa p wn o tch l le i e icbeeroaffilceteher; during a tor ney-General— h ch as ara s cteris characteristics e A e d e m tu i r n y is . tra N ti e on m th t a e h t 6 t i r o who f fke administrationoffi c n o matter att becomeser how absolutist,tesaine.the principle You may execrate Poligneo and Peyronnet, you may rejoice at the accession to power of men so liberal and so honest as Barrot and Faucher, yet you find the former eager to bolster up the Pope's despotism by th e bayonets of French selsiiers, and you tied a severe pelPeCgti9n a the Pxtu mark the Government of the . - latter. We might say the same of sovereigns, and ask where has been the difference between the elder Bourbons, the Orleans ditto, and the lesseißonaparte? Are they not all one and the same, except, perhaps, that some one pr i nce may have had a little more fa tuity, and another somewhat more cunning ? But all run the same career, to rea c h th e same en d— v i z., t h e unpopularity and universal contempt under which king and dynasty sink, to rise no more. Is it not clear as the noun-day that Louis Napoleon is going the way of all French p r i nces, and by precisely the same road which they all took ? And we see the con sequence. At this moment the political class, those who have influeucean(l hope f or place—these people are in the fierc e st agitation and commotion, some score fur the Bonapartist, some dozen for the Orleanist, and as many for the Legitimatist. But look away f rom some hundred s o f th ese professional politicians to the country at large, and there will be found a uni versal indifference and contempt for every one of the candidates, not one of whom either inspires hope or commands respect. Yet all hope to be elected, nay, to convert the elective chair into an hereditary throne. They are building a pedestal of hatred and contempt; they are anxious to get up upon this pe destal, and they hope to support themselves on such a basis. Verily, kingship is the most unpromising of professions, followed by the most fatuitous of men. But whatis the cause of princes being such puppets, and of liberal statesmen proving the contrary of what they themselves promised and all their friends ex pected ? The reason lies in the terrible and vast cen tralization of French government, in the number, power, hierarchy and traditional spirit of that bureau cratic, which, wherever it reaches firm establishment, soon absorbs everything else, prince, ministers, states men, and even public opinion itself. This immense ma chine is the only mode by which a minister can govern. Yet all he can do is to set it in motion, and be satisfied with what it produces; for regulate or stop its move ments he cannot. A home minister may be shocked by those freaks of power which his subordinates coin mit, such as the breaking in upon convivial meetings in the provinces, threatening deputies with arrest for opening their mouths, or issuing an ukase that libe rals shall not be supplied at any hotel with dinner. The prosecution and condemnation of young Hugo for denouncing the punishment of death as cruel, whilst such men as Thiers and Changarnier talk and do treason aloud every hour in the day, may shock the sense and good feeling of a minister of justice. But what can he do ? The home minister can no more restrain his myrmidons of police and prefecture than the justice minister can check his procurcurs and, substitute. A n d it i s th e same i n foreign policy. A rench agent at Ath e ns o r Al exan d r i a w ill get into rivalry, and quarrel with his E ng li s h co ll eague for some trifle or another, and the Minister at home can do nothing but sanction and abet. In fact, it is a bureaucratic that governs France, that has governed, and rll govern it, arid und er C ava i gnac under Louis Napoleo n , under Louis-Philippe, aye, himself, all-republican as he is, but infeodated as he is to the party of order. The French b ureaucrat i c i s of course monarchic, which is very ungrateful of it, for it enjoys greater power, and exercises greater tyranny at present than it did in the days of any monarch. But then it fears that the golden reign may not last. An official aristocracy cannot well stand based on universal suffrage, meet yet universal suffrage has rendered the French bureaucratic more powerful and numerous in the republican Assembly than ever it was before. But, as they say, this is not solid ; and they would sacrifice the freedom and . the greatness of France to-mor row t o a n y king of any race, or of any principle, that would secure them this monopoly. It is the same thing in Prussia, ex cept that the Prussian bureaucratic will not tolerate even constitutionalism, which it considers hostile to it; whereas French officials would at least have the form of representative go vernment, although with so little of either the reality or the advantages, that but for the appearance of the thing they might invoke absolutism at once. The struggle in France and in Prussia is now much the same. It lies between the bureau cracies and the people, the former supported by the army, of which the officers form a class and hierarchy of placemen, with interests similar to the civilian servants of the state. The people of both countries have the satisfaction of seeing that they pay largely to support these classes for tyrannising over them. An aristocracy weighs over both countries, not an aristo cracy of either birth, wealth, or talent, but an aris tocracy of placemen. It is the system of centraliza tion which supports them. And it is for the people to devise how they can get rid of these incubi, and go vern themselves constitutionally and monarchically if they will, but without an official multitude to prey upon them and tyrannise over them. This is far more important than to decide whether a Legitimatist, a quasi-Legitimatist, or a Republican chief shall be the head man—the great chef de bureau of the bureau cracy. A NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. The broad pendant of Commodore Seymour WWI struck at sunset on Monday evening, or. board the St.. George, 180, in Hainoaze ; and the commodore pro ceeded on six days' leaveof absence, in order to bring down his family. The duty of the dockyard will .W performed by Mr. Millis, master attendant, and that of the ordinary by Captain Joseph Nias, Companion of the Bath, A superannuation board sat at Deronport en Monday, at the Commodore Superintendent's-office, in the dockyard, Devonport, consisting of Commodore M. Seymour, Captain Nir,s, of the St. George; the master-attendant, Mr. Mills ; Mr. Turner, acting. master shipwright ; and Mr. Folds, surgeon, when the whole of the men on the hst returned from the Admiralty were inspected, with a few others who are considered worn out, and the opinion of the board was to be transmitted to the Admiralty. Dauntless, 33, screw-frigate, Captain Halsted, and Sutlej, remained at St. Helen's, and were not likely to get away yesterday, as it blew a gale with foul weather from the westward. Elfin royal yacht-tender, Master Commander Bal liston, returned to Portsmouth from Osborne yes terday morning. PORTSMOUTH, TUESDAY.—This morning all the officers of this dockyard were personally presented to the new Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Sir Thomas Briggs, G.C.kLG., by Rear-Admiral Superintenthnt Prescott, C. 8., at the Admiralty-house. Each officer received a most cordial and courteous recognition from the Port Admiral. The Odin steam-frigate, Commander Sir William Wiseman, will come into harbour to-morrow, to re sume her former position in the ordinary. The Avon steam-vessel, Mas ter-Com wander NYE itch, came into harbour this morning from the eastward, on her return to Plymouth. The Furious, new steam-frigate, was taken into the Angle Dock to-day to be coppered. The Rodney, 92, Captain Charles Grahnin, C. 8., is entering hands but slowly, men not being so plen tiful here as was supposed, and none being accepted for this ship but fine ablebodied men. Woonwicu, OCT. G.—The Resolute, Captain Ho ratio 'T. Austin, C 8., the Assistance, Captain Eras mus Ommanney, and the Intrepid, Lieutenant- Commander John B. Cater, all arrived at Woolwi c h, between twelve and one o'clock to-day, and the two sailing vessel 3 were brought up at moorings opposite the dockyard, while Mr. Atherton, chief-engineer, went on board the Intrepid screw steam-vessel, and went down the river a short distance in her, to be able to report the state of her engines. The whole ofthe vessels employed under Captain Austin in the Arctic Expedition are to be paid off at this port on Thurs day next. Captain Ommanney has brought home the first relic that was found by him of the traces of Sir John Franklin's party at Cape Riley. It appears in the form of a rake such as is used by persons employed in collecting seaweed. The handle is about twelve feet long, and the gathering part about two feet six inches long, on which six teeth have been fixed, about five inches in length, formed of narrow hoop iron curved inwards. Captain Ommanney has also brought home a young man, about nineteen years of age, of the Esquimaux tribe, and near The in habit the country beyond Cape York, the place where the N orth Star wintered kind of Esquimaux youth is clothed in the same ars remarkably cos tume as the other sailors, d wh n o ear to and appears with a face good tempered and stout for . The Esquimaux is very very flat and more roun d . after the gallant officer who of an Asiatic cast, near . l n y o li ra ke m t a h n a n t e o y r , a.anCabinhea.sse,bbeeunt much attached to Captain 'country, and the name of the named The brought t Erasmus hi m cape where he came from. by the respective . are now nearly completed, and afford evidence of the exertions of the of f icers in the execution of their arduous duties: and will add man y hundreds of miles of hitherto unexplored lands to Y a ct ia_ k rom. to future maps of the Arctic regions, and many parts on ly put down in haste by former navigators have been corrected by Captain Ommanney. Bathurst and Cornwallis, both described as islands by former navi gators, have been found connected together, and to the mainland, by Captain Austin's expedition. The cfficets and crews o'; the whole of the vessels have returnt,d in tolerable health, and only one man has died since the expedition left ViToolw ich in June, 1850. PROPERTY IN GREAT BRITAIN.—The Committee of the House of Commons, in their report on the law of part nership, which has, with the evidence, just been printed, state that, in round numbers, in thirty-three years sinc e the peace, whilst lands in Great Britain have increased 818 only 8,500,0001. in annual value, or a little • more thau 5 per cent., messuages (being chiefly houses and manutac tories and warehouses in and near towns, and inhabited by persons depending greatly on trade and commerce) have augmented above 26,000,000/. in annual value, or about 30 per cent. in the same period. The value of railways, ges works, and other property chiefly held in shares as per. sonal property, had increased about twelvefold in the same PeNi9d. 5