The Sun. — London, England, 1850-02-25 00:00:00

any form of epidamic, endemic, or contagious disease, and to take without delay what measures may be neces sary for the removal or mitigation of such cases as far may be possible. Of the value of the services which might be eende:e I both to the bereaved family and to -neighbettring families by a medical man,a public officer, charged with the execution of such duties, and the full appreciation of that service on the part of those f a. whom it may to provided, the stro n g est conviction is enter tained . by those who arc best acquainted with the wants and feelings of the poor. " The chief duties of such an officer, besides those which have been already stated, would be to make him self acquainted with the sanitary condition of the individual family i n which the death has occurred; to give advice and assistance with reference to the funeral and other matters which the occasion may require; to direct the removal of the corpse from single rooms oc cupied as living and sleeping rooms, by ono family or more; to see that this removal is effected in a respectful manner, with all due attention to the wishes and feel ings of the friends; to verify the cause as well as the fact of the death, where there has been no medical at tendant; to ascertain the cause of death from the medi cal attendant, where there has been one; to grant, when required, a certificate of the fact of death, whenever ap prehension is entertained cf premature interment ; to see that due care is taken of the bodies in the houses of reception; to make arrangements with the friends of the deceased, and with the officers of the cemeteries, as to the time and the mode c f the removal of the dead, for the preservation of regularity, quiet, and order; and to superintend and carry into effect the regulations of the authority charged with the execution of this branch of the public service. It is estimated that for the per formence of these duties, one chief officer of health, with eleven assistants, would suffice for the whole of the metropolis." EXPENSE OF FUNERALS. " We are now," says the Commissioners, " to consider thg conaparaeive expellee at which it is possible to carry in'o effect the proposed scheme of sepulture. "In the Westminster, Marylebone, Finsbury, the Tower Hamlets, and the City c f Landon districts of the metropolis, there are upwards of 200 burial clubs, com posed chiefly of the labouring classes, comprising from 100 to 200 members each, and possessing aggregate amounts; of deposits from 901. to 1,000/. each, raised in contributions of from I id. to 21. per week. These clubs pay as funeral expenses on the death of a member from 51. Ps 101. "From extensive inquiries it appears that 51. may be taken as a low average rate of expense for the funeral of a working-man. "The present actual total charges to families for the funerals of adults, as ascertained from an examination of undertaken , ' bills, compared with what may be accom plished en the intended plan, is as f0110 , ,v5: " The cost to the geetey f.u. each funeral of an adult is 1001, the estimated cost under Vie proposed system of interments is 39,1. lOs., Le!ng a saving of nearly two thirds. First-elan tradesmen under the present system 501., under the proposed eys:em 16/. lOs , being a saving of more than two• thirds. Second-class tradesmen under the present system 291. 10s., under the proposed system 91. 9s , being a saving of more than two-thirds. Arti sans under the present system 51., under the improved system 2!. 10s., being a saving of one-half. The total annual savin, , , , , upon the whole of the interments of the metropolis may be estimated in round numbers at 350,0001 COST OF CEMETERIES. " We regard it as en essential principle cf the pro posed system that the expenses 31 each interment shall be comprised in one sum, fixed upon according to a series of pre-appointed and graduated scales. The determina tion and regulation of the charges under each scale will, of course, devolve on the authority appointed to carry this service into effect. The immediate outlay required for carrying the scheme into effect will be: — For the construction of one large eastern water-side cemetery, reception-houses, 5ce....£250,000 For the extension ot the Kensal-Green Ceme tery to constitute one large western cemetery 50,000 For the purchase of tke whole of the existing metropolitan cemeteries and other burial grounds ... 400,000 £700,000 This sum, borrowed on tl:e security c f Lilo dues, say at 5 per cent. interest, would be an an• nual charge c f ... 35,000 Th 9 estimated establishment charges on ceme teries, inclusiva of the clergy, funeral rit^s, and officers of hceth, and compent.a.'ion for loss of fees, would be about ... 77,000 Total annual amount of expenses of cemeteries £112,000 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED PLAN. They then proceed:—" We have, in conclusion, to call attention to some of the uses which may be expected to be fulfilled by the adoption of this plan of sepulture. "1. It will put an end to intramural interment with all its attendant evils. "2. It will obviate any injurious effects on the public health from the practice of extramural ii.tn.ment. " If its principles are acted on, in any use that may be made of existing cemeteries caro will be taken to inter pose between the spots where interments take place and neighbouring houses a sufficient space for the safety of the inhabitants; while the cite contemplated for a na tional cemetery is so remote from the metropolis as to render it highly improbable that it can ever be ap proacked by a suburban - population. " From the concurrent tcetimony of gravc-diggers, sextons, and others employed in church) aeds, it appears that decomnosit;en invariably gtee on more rapidly near tie roots of trees than in fitly other parts of the burial ground; tha'; the earth is alwaye much drier near the roots of trees than chewhere; that the fibrss of the roots are di - awn towards the site of the grace, and are. often observed to penetrat •right through the decayed wood of the coffin lid. It is probable, therefore, that these roots aro actively and uncra;ingly at work absorbing the products of decomposition as they are evolved, and thus preventing their escape to the surface, and consequently their pernicious •ffects. " In this manner, by arresting these noxious mett•ms in their course, the plant, instead of allowing them to go forth on an errand of destruction, retains them at the moment when they are about to be resolved into their physical elements, within the sphere of life, to recom mence a new cycle of organic, healthful, and useful ex- istence. It is reported by Dr. Sutherland, that he found the great utility of vegetation in shortening the period of decay fully recognised abroad ; and that it was stated to him at Paris, as a reason for burying only one body in a g rave, that the quantity of vegetati on which could be placed on the grave could dispose most readily of the gaseous matters of one body and shorten the period cf interment by eating out the nutritious matter cf the soil, bat this was not the case where more than one body had been buried, and that the quantity of organic matter was found to be much larger when the ground was re opened in such cases. " The action of vegetation in arresting the products of decomposition, and preventing them from reaching the surface, by recombining them into living and healthful vegetable structures, would afford a simple and effectual means of putting an end to any further injury to the public health from the existing burial-grounds, if, after they have been finally closed, they were, wherever prac ticable, planted with trees, and still preserved as sacred spots. " By proper regulations as to the number of interments and the depth of the graves in suitable situations and soils, and by the aid of an abundant and healthy vegeta tion (which, however, it is impossible to obtain in crowded cities), the noxious matters evolved from na tural decomposition in the earth may probably be so diluted and dispersed as to remove almost entirely, if not entirely, any injurious influence from this source. "Since, therefore," they conclude, "it is practicable to remove all physical objections to burial—since its expense may be so reduced as to obviate all round of objection to it on the score of economy—and since moral eonsiderations also are in favour of the practice, bearing in mind the universal feelings of the population at the present time in all countries —it appears that, upon the whole, this is the most eligible and natural mode of dis poAng of the dead. - "3. By the regulation of the price of funerals at cer tain fixed scales of charges, and the payment of the whole cost of the funeral in one sum, it will relieve families, at the moment when they are the least capable of ateautien to such matters, from care or trouble, and from the possibility of extortion. "4. By the saving of expense, which will be effected by the whole of the interments being performed on one system and under one direction, it will render the cost of burial moderate to all classes, and give to the poor the advantage of extramural interment at a reduction of the price which they at present pay for burial in the parochial grave) ard. " 5. By the appointment of dicers of health, and the establishment of houses of reception, it will diminish or remove the physical and moral evils which result from the long retention of the corpse in single living and sleeping rooms, and thus, for all these reasons, it will fulfil the primary object of the change, namely, the re moval of the whole of the sanitary evils which arise from the present practice of interment. " 6. It will greatly diminish the practice now so com mon of funeral processions in crowded streets. The body will be conveyed respectfully, but silently and unobtru sively, to the cemetery; and within the precincts of the cemetery only will the funeral procession be formed. Here there will be no noise or bustle, none of the dis _ cordant and inappropriate sounds and sights that meet the ear and eye in the busy city; no intrusion of the spirit and pursuit of traffic and gain; no persons will be present but those who are called there to take part in the solemn scene, and most of whom will have personal sympathy with it; while all the ol;ccts that meet the senses and that call up associations in the minds cf the real mourners, will be in harmony with their thoughts and feelings, and will tend to soothe them, as far as any thing_ external can at such a moment exercise a sooth leg influence. " 7. It will increase the solemnity and impressiveness of burial. The peculiar observance and rites calculated to produce this effect must of course be different in dif ferent persons and classes, according to different modes and habits of thought and feeling, and different views ef religion. But the ecclesiastical authorities will have it in their power to adopt the means which they may deem the best calculated for the performance of this last duty to the dead in the manner the most appropriate to the wishes and feelings el their resp c:ive religious commu nities. " The religious authorities with whom we have con sulted have represented to us their sense of the import ance of providing means for the celebration of funeral rites under circumstances which will naturally revive and strengthen the impressions and feelings associa'el with the usual Tel formance of divine service. They therefore deem it desirable that in the consecrated part of the eastern cemetery a church should be erected of sufficient magnitude to obtain the effect of solemnity and inspr9stiTillen OM Any be deriyeti 4914 513" THE SUN, propriate architecture; and they are of opinion that, however the design and execution of such an edifice may fulfil this object, the end will be still more completely attained by , the appropriation cf the building as a church in which, especially on the Sundays, the usual services of that day may be per formed. They have expresed their conviction that many would at`.cnd those services with peculiar interest, from the consciousness of their nearness at that moment to all that remains on earth of the objects of their affn tion; and that there would be no difficulty in rendering the celebration of funeral rite 3 in a church thus doubly suggestive of the most touching associations incompar ably more solemn and imposing than has hitherto been effected in this country, excepting, perhaps, in some rare instances, as on the occasion of the interment of royal persons, or of men whom the country has endeavoured to honour by the expression of national gratitude for national services. It might be very practicable to secure also the impressive accompaniment of music, whether by the performance of a single voluntary or by some form of choral service, and it is conceived that there arc many on whom the compositions of our great masters would, on such an occasion, have an elevating and consoling effect; but these details must be confided to those who may be charged with the direction of this service in communication with ecclesiastical authoritiel. _ _ es " In the unconsecrated part of the ground chapels may be erected, convenient for the celebration of funeral rites and the; performance of divine service, according to the modes of worship of those who dissent from the doctrine and ritual of the Church of England. "8. It will elevate the celebration of the funeral rites of the poor man, and tend to remove, in respect to the services of the Church in the performance of burial, the distinction between rich and poor. Though funerals may still differ in costliness, and be performed, accord ing to the scale chosen, with more or less expensive ma terials, a greater or fswer number of attendants, and so on, yet these differences need have no relation to the celebration of funeral rites. We concur in the earnest opinion expressed by clerical witnesses, that within the church, in the performance of the religious service over the dead, there should be no distinction of persons, and that an important moral and religious object would be fulfilled by adherence to this principle. " 9. We also fully concur in the opinion which the same witnesses have expressed, that moral and religious purposes cannot fail to be answered individually and nationally, by making the abode of the dead a hallowed spot, and by investing it with the utmost solemnity and sacredness. The evidence which we have adduced con tains the strongest expression of opinion on the part both of clergymen and medical men—the best authori ties on this subject, for they truly know what passes in the crowded hovels of our dismal courts and alleys—that the familiarity with the dead which in numerous instances is at present forced upon the resi dents there, tends to brutalise the mind, to destroy the sense of the sacredness of life, and to predispose it to violence and crime; but all who are realll acquainted with the humbler classes entertain the coilbiction that they are Peculiarly susceptible of the moral and reli gious impressions naturally produced by the loss of re latives and friends; that the solemn and impressive burial cf their dead would strengthen these inipressicns; and that the places in which their dead repose might be made instrumental in soothing, refining, and elevat ing their minds." This ends the report of the Board of Health on the sulijsct ef; xtramural interments—a clocurn , nt which, if it be adopted in practice, will be p haps the g reatest boon ever cos ferrcd upon the people ut ems metropoli-, as well as upon the inhabitants of the country at large; but which, if it be set aside and suffered to remain at a " dead letter," will form a monument of lasting disgrace to the Legislature. THE GREAT NATIONAL CEMETERY. The report of the Board of Health describes the site of the intended national cemetery, without de signating the spot. It is, according to that document, perfectly satisfactory with respect to the requisites of situation, surf ace, soil, extent, and accessibility. Situated on the river shore, forming part of the do main of an ancient abbey, occupying a gradual slope, rising 80 feet above the level of the water at high tides ; of an irregular broken surface, consisting for the most part of undulations and slopes—ample in ex tent—standing on a bed of strong sand, from 70 to 80 feet in depth, which is superposed upon a chalk bottom of from 270 to 300 feet thick—perfectly free from rivulets, or land springs, or any other cause of offence in conjunction with sepulture—with the ad vantage of river side as well as railway conveyance — and distant from London-bridge by railway half an hour, by steamboat one hour and a-quarter, the ques tion naturally arises, what part cf the vicinity of the metropolis complies with these conditions ? The chalk formation in contiguity with the me tropolitan district is confined to Kent and Sussex. Sussex, however, does not touch the river in any pert. In Sussex, therefore, this spot cannot be ; Kent, consequently, is the county where it must be looked for. Then comes the second question—what part of Kent? From London to Gravesend taking two hours, on the average, by steamer; it cannot be Gravesend for that reason. What other point on the river, in connexion with a railroad answers the distance, viz., half an hour by that mode of locomotion, and an hour and a quarter by water, or steam conveyance ? Clearly none other that Erith, which is precisely identical in all further respects with the description : arid than which there can be no pleasanter resting place for the living to lay the dead in the whole kingdom. Planted with the taxodis and thepinus sempervirens —with the cvpressus, the arbor vita; and the cedrue, interspersed with the richer varieties of the quercus, the ilex and the holly, and all those trees of that tribe which brave the rigours of an English winter with impunity, and fringed on hill top and water's edge with the salex Baby'onicE (the weeping willow) and its pendant branche?, a combination of the beautiful in zonnexion ' with death might be produced at a small comparative outlay, which would not have its parallel in the whole world ; and a cemetery constructed which would put to shame even the " City of the Silent" at Constanti nople. Than Erith there can be no place better adapted for this purpose in the entire kingdom. Erith, then, it must be, or the Commissioners have but pictured a scene drawn from their imagination.— Obserrer. 13, Great Marlborough-street. NOTICE. -.MADAME PULSZKY'S MEMOIRS OF A HUNGARIAN . T.ADY, Will be ready with the Magazines, I%.bruary 2S, In 2 vols. post Bvo., 21s. bound. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great, Marlborough street. Orders received by all Booksellers. Now Ready at the Libraries, in 3 Vols. , T HE NEW NAVAL NOVEL, TIIE PETREL. " The author of this interesting work is, we believe, Admiral Fisher, who commanded at the blockade of Alexandria in 1840. By his skill in depicting life en the ocean, he will, we doubt not, supply the place in nautical literature vacant by the death of the lamented Captain Marrayat. His life of the ship is equally dashing, forcible, and free. For a first offering we know of few other works of the class, which in powerful description and refined humour could com pete witk it. The whole cruise of The Petrel is a narrative of vivid interest."—Morning Fost. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. JAMES ANDERSON. THIS EVENINt, Will be presented, by her Majesty's Servants, OTHELLO. Othello, Mr. J. Anderson ; lago, Mr. Yandenhoff ; Desdemona, Miss Laura Addison ; Emilia, Miss Yandenheff. Te be iollcwed by The Comedy of THE SPOILED CHILD. Old Pickle, Mr. Da 'ridge ; Little Pickle, Miss Maria Tertian. Pri►ate boxes, 21. 35., 21. 12s. 6d., 2/. 25., 11. Ils. 6d., and 11. is. Stalls, ss. each. s. d. FIRST PRICE. FOXc9 - -4 0 1 Pit - - - 2 0 Lower Gallery - 1 0 I I Upper Gallery - 0 6 Box-book-keeper s. d. SECOND PRICE. Boxes - - 2 0 Fit - - - 1 0 Lower Gallery - 0 6 No Half-price to Upper Gallery. r, Mr. J. Porey. THEATRE ROYAL, EIAYMARKET. Mr. B. Webster, Sole Lease° and Manager, Old Brompton. THIS EVENING. - Will be performed AS YOU LIKE IT. Jaques, Mr. C. Kean ; Rosalind, Mrs. C. Kean. Atter which a Vocal and Instrumental Concert, in which Mr. Sims Reeves and Miss Birch wi!l appear. To conclude with THE ROUGH DIS.MOND. The Box-oftlise is under the direction of Mr. I. T. Archer. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHL Under the direction of Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING}, Will be performed a new domestic Drama, called THIS WILLOW COPSE. Principal characters by Messrs. Ilughes, Wright, P. Bed ure, O. Smith, Worrell; Madame Celeste, and Miss Woolgar. After which MY PRECIOUS BETSY. Characters by Messrs. Wright, Bedford, Worrell; 3liss Harding, and Mrs. F. Matthews. To conclude with FRANKENSTEIN; or, The Model Man. t ranken ,tein, Mr. Wright ; the What is It ? Mr. P. Bedford; Zamiel, Mr. 0. smith ; Otto of Rosenberg, Miss Woelgar ; Tiddlewincz, Miss E. Chaplin ; Agatha, Miss CoTeny ; Ilndine, Miss E. Harding. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Mr. J. M. Maddox, t,olo Leco and Manager. THIS EVENING Will be performed a new Opera, entitled CHARLES THE SE COND. To conclude with KING JAMIE ; or, Harlequin and Magic Fiddle larlequin, Mr. Bologna ; Pantaloon, Mr. Paulo; Clown, Mr. Flex. nore ; Columbine, bliss Fawcett. NEW ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Sole Lessee, Mr. W. Watts, St. John's Woed. THIS EVENING, Will be performed TdE NOBLE HEART. Characters by Messrs. G. V. Brooke, Davenport, Ryder, Johnstone, Belton, Lee, Howard ; and Mrs. Mowatt. Auer which THE POET'S SLAVE. To conclude with a Farce, entitled A DEAD TAKE IN. Captain Darcourt, Mr. Wigan; Hector Poalot, Mr. Compton; Clara, Miss DliTer. - - ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. FRENCH PLAYS AND OPERA COMIQUE. Last Week tnt One of M. CIIOLLET'S Engagement. Mr. MITCHELL begs respectfully to announce that the French Performances at the St. James's Theatre will commence TUIS EVENING, At Eight o'clock, when will be performed LE rosru,LoN DE LONJUMEAU. Chapelou, M. Chollet. After which UN TIGRE DE BENGALE. The Boa-office of the Theatre is open daily from Eleven till Five. Boxes and Stalls at Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library, 33, Old Bond street. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Management of Madame Vestrit. sole Lessee. Mr. Charier:. Mathe we. THIS EVENING, Will be performed CHARLES TIIE TWELFTH. After which THE ISLAND OF JEWELS. To conclude with PATTER versus CLATTER. Dress Boxes 53. ; Upper isoxoe, 4s. ; Yit, as. ; Gallery, IS. No calf-price to any part of the house. All applications for Private Boxes must be made to Mr. Allcroft, 15 New Bond-street. AsTIE ROYAL AMPHITHI.ATEZ. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. An entire change in the Scenes of the Arena. New Grand Spectacle. Madlles. Gardoni an l Amilie on the Dcuble Tight Ropes in a petite Ballet entitled The Hungarian Wood cutters. THIS EVtiNING, The performance will commence at a Quarter to Seven, with a new Grand Spectacle of THE CORSE DE LEON ; er, the Brigand of Savoy. To be followed by a brilliant eisplay of Batty's peerless scenes of the Circle, supported by the accomplished artistes of the establish ment. To conclude with BESS OF THE BELL; or, The Love Story. Pox-office open from Eleven till tour. EIIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDOF. Tnis DIY — ,, erning, 41 min. after 12 Evening, 10 min. afte 1 To- Vonaovr —Morning, 36 min. after 1 I Evening, 5 min. atter r 2 THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, FEB. 24. DIERNONETER, Lowest, 38; Highest, 48, Noon, 39, BAROMETER. 30'38. WIND W. to W.N.W.—very cold and foggy. FEB. 25. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 35; Highest, 41; Noon, 45 BAROMETER, 30.44. WIND E.—dull cloudy weather. 4 _ 7 r, 1, ,_.--if - .4i..,.,....t , _41. ~-.' • f s 64 - ,l, -7: - ?). 1 4_ . :1;4_ 47 ,.1 ( i f , ll, 414 '':,CA 5t 0 • a-"i 45141' \,... s t I: -: r DIM , ° i' l, f a ~ .''. ~' . 4 ' PITOIT :•?,, - '; :----27-7 c -A7- 'fw':^:; •it'd „*rte, *L n' LONDON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1850. Mr. DIfilltA.ELI'S motion for a revision of the p oor laws, by the transfer of the establishment charges, and the charges for the relief of casual poor to the general revenue of the country, has forcibly directed the public attention to the injustice and inequality of the existing system . As we have already shown, it was originally intended that the owners of personal property should contribute fairly, in proportion to their means, to the support of the destitute poor. It was justly conceived that the poverty of the country constituted the first charge upon its property, and that the burden should be equitably distributed on all inhabitants of the district who were in the possession and enjoyment of accu mulated and realised property of any description what soever. The payment of poor-rates was a great social duty, from which no person of sufficient ability could be discharged or exonerated. In those days, how ever, personal property was comparatively small in amount and of a character that could easily be concealed, so that an opportunity existed for unconscientious persons of defrauding the other rate payers by withholding any return of their personal property. The value of lands and buildings could easily be ascertained, but not so of mere personal pro perty, of money, or securities for money. It was, there fore, found convenient to exempt the latter description of property, in order to avoid the disputes and liti gation that would otherwise unquestionably arise, and the heavy legal expenses consequent thereon. Since that period, however, a new machinery has been brought into operation by which the income arising from personal property can be ascertained and made to defray its fair proportion of the na tional expenditure. But no movement has taken place to make it contribute towards the relief of the poor. The unconscientious and illegal frauds that were perpetrated in a former age have been permitted to exo nerate the present possessors of personal property from the charges for which they were legally and equitably responsible. It is a well-known maxim of law that " no time can sanctify a fraud ;" and it must, there fore, be manifest that the parties have no title to a continuance of the exemption which they have so long enjoyed, and that they could no more complain, if now compelled to act properly, than the descend ants or representatives of a robber, if obliged to make restitution of stolen goods. Mr. DISRAELI, was, however, greatly mistaken in the nature of the remedy which he suggested. He clearly and distinctly exposed the existing injustice, and the consequent injury to the land (including houses and buildings in the term), by making the entire poor-rates fall upon what represented but little more than one-third of the accumulated capital of the country. But he would correct that evil by one of still greater magnitude. lie did not propose to make the owners of personal property contribute their fair proportion of the charge, but to bring in a new class of contribu tors, and to tax the industrious and labouring classes for the support of those who were but little worse off than themselves. This grave mistake most probably led to the rejection of the motion, which might have been carried with the general approbation of the country, had it been limited to making every description of property contribute rateably to the poor•law expenditure. A proposition of a more comprehensive and far more equitable character has just been put forward by a gentleman whose family have long been intimately connected with, and interested in, the welfare and prosperity of agriculture. The Hon. DUDLEY PELHAM, M.P., brother of th e Earl of YARBOROUGII, has published a pamphlet,* in which the question is most ably and fairly argued, * " Suggestions on immediate Legislative Require ment, addressed more particularly to the Landed Inte rests." By the Hon. Dudley Pelham, M.P. London: W. 11. D4lton. Pp, 16. ARRIVAL OF LORD GOUGH. SOUTHAMPTON, SUNDAY, FEB. 24.—The Penin insular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's ship Indus, Captain J. Soy, arrived here this after noon, at four o'clock, with the heavy portion of the East India, China, and Mediterranean mails, in charge of Lieutenant Brady, R.N., Admiralty agent. The Indus has 113 passengers, amongst whom are Lord Gough, G.C.8., Lady Gough, Colonel Gough, Captain Gough, Major Edwardes, the Hon. Mrs. Grant, General and Mrs. Campbell, General Lovell, Colonels Garden and Bates, Captains Tytler and Lawton, Lieutenants Garrett, M'Donald, and Ne ville, Drs. Stephens, Darby, Pritchard, and Thomp son ; Messrs. Paul, Hay, Wallace, Knox, Frith, Ross, Reed, Goldsworthy, Thomas, Harris, Schumacher, Webster, King, &c. On embarking on board the Indus, at Alexandria, Lord Gough was received with a salute of fifteen guns from the steamer, the band of the ship play ing " See the - Conquering Hero comes." His Lordship seemed highly gratified at his enthusiastic reception. On Friday a meeting of the naval and military officers resident in or near Southampton was called by Major-General Arnold, R.E., K.H., &c., and Vice-Admiral Dick, for the purpose of preparing a reception, on the arrival at Southampton of Lord Gough in the Indus, worthy of the distinguished services rendered by his Lordship. The meeting was attended by nearly seventy officers of the united ser vices. On the following day the mayor, Mr. Andrews, called a meeting of the Borough Council for the same purpose, and an address from the corporation to his Lordship was proposed. The motion, however, was opposed by Mr, J. Clarke, a town-councillor and member of the Society of Friends, who objected to hero-worship, and ultimately, on a division being come to, there were nine for and nine against the projected address, whereupon the mayor giving the casting vote against it, the motion was lost. This decision of the corporate body gave great dissatis faction throughout Southampton, the inhabitants, generally being desirous to greet Lord Gough with all customary honours. It is but right to add that twenty-one members of the Council were absent, otherwise the motion would have been triumphantly carried, and that a certain section of the Council, composed of members professing the principles of the Peace Society, and who assembled in great force, were the cause of the rejection of the measure pro posed. We are happy to say, however, that a num ber of the magistrates, clergy, naval and military officers, and inhabitants, have prepared an unofficial address to the veteran warrior, which it is intended to present to-morrow, in public and at the time of your correspondent's closing his dispatch (six r.at.) a deputation had gone on board the Indus to ask when it would be convenient for Lord Gough to receive the address. (BY ELECTRIC TELEQRAPH.) NINE O'CLO CK, Pal. Our correspondent informs us, by telegraphic dispatch, that the Southampton Docks were densely thronged by a great crowd of the inhabitants of Southampton, who had assembled when the received el e n ive du d s entered the tidal basin. Lord Goug h in the most enthusiastic manner, and returned thanks from the paddle-box of the steamer. M , jor Edwardes was likewise called for, and was greeted with tre mendous cheering. A complete ovation in fact was prepared, and the two gallant officers disembarked amidst thunders of applause both from the ships in the dock and from the shore, the band of the Indus playing appropriate music.—Times. SERIOUS ACCIDENT TO SPODE, THE COMPOSER.— La Presse quotes the following. passage from a letter, dated Cassel, F e b ruar y 16:—" The celebrated composer, M. Louis Spohr, whil e wa lki ng y e sterday on the ice, had the misfortune to fall backwards, and received a hurt on his head. M. Spohr was i mme di a t e ly conveyed to his home, where every care and attention were shown him, but the professional attendants espair of saving his life," LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 25, MO and suggestions offered which, although some modi fications should be made before they were adopted by the Legislature, yet form the basis on which the subject may be equitably arranged. The Hon. Gen tlernan has had considerable experience of the working of the poor-law cede in two distinct parts of the king dom, in which the practice is widely different—in Lin colnshire, where the evils of the existing law of set tlement are painfully apparent, and in the Isle of Wight, where for nearly eighty years there has prac tically been " union settlement" and " union ma nagement," and where the advantages of the system, with one exceptional evil, are fully appreciated. The exceptional evil, so justly complained of by the Hon. Gentleman, is the retention of parochial averages, calculated on the previous averages of expenditure and the alteration in the value of the property to be assessed. This grievance, which operates most in juriously to the less wealthy districts, placing the heaviest burdens on those least competent to bear it, might, however, be remedied without considerable difficulty. Mr. PELHAM strongly objects to any transfer cf the rates to the Consolidated Fund, and declares that all the schemes for that purpose are defective. He desires to maintain local management, and a general interest in keeping down the expenditure. He insists that the poor-law itself, which in its present form he declares to be most prejudicial to the working classes—to the employers of labour, whether, in town or country, and ultimately to the ratepayers and the whole community —must be amended before any beneficial change can be effected. The first reform which he advocates is the " total abolition of the law of settlement," the monster grievance which cripples the energies and paralyses the exertions of the able-bodied poor—which leads to the closing of parishes, and the local congestion of the population in the poorer districts, with all its atten dant evils and demoralising results. This great change would confer on the industrious classes the greatest possible benefit ; it would give " free trade in labour" which is now fettered and embarrassed by a variety of partial end oppressive restrictions. It would en able both the employers and employed to suit them selves with what was best suited to their wants and exigencies. In place cf the former being obliged to employ careless and inefficient men, merely because they have obtained a footing in the parish, he could get the beet workmen, who would better discharge the duties assigned to them, while the latter could cerry their oely capital—their labour—to the best market without let or hindrance. This most im portant suggestion is well worthy of public attention, and we trust that it may speedily be acted on, by which the interests of all parties and classes would be promoted and advanced. The next point put forward by the Honourable Gentleman is, that " union chargeability and union management should be established, with an equal union poundage-rate throughout the entire district.' This would be a manifest improvement on the exist ing system, which operates so unequally and partially, placing the heaviest burdens on those who are least able to sustain it. We should go even further than Mr. PELHAM, and recommend a national rate, by which the charge would be equally distributed throughout the entire country, and every man should contribute secundum statum et facultates. We would, however, v,illingly accept the proposition as an instalment of justice, which would speedily lead to the full accom plishment of our wishes. Mr. PELHAM then proposes that the general con tribution should be levied by means of a direct tax, on the basis of the property and income-tax, which thus might be adapted to the local management in the unions. Fundholders and others, who now enjoy en unjust exemption, would be obliged to discharge their fair liabilities. We eee but one objection to this, that it would make the profits of industry contribute as much as accumulated capital. We have already shown the partial and oppressive operation of the income-tax in that respect, and we would decidedly object to its further extension ; but free the profits of industry from the charge, and there can be no possible reason why the other parties assessed to the property-tax should not contribute. We heartily commend this very interesting- and useful pamphlet to all who desire that the vexata questio cf the poor-rates should receive prompt and satisfactory solution. Among all those sanitary requirements which are at present originating popular agitation and justify ing the interposition of the Executive, the necessity of an improved system of drainage is the most essen tial and importunate. Even with the elaborate arrangements now in operation throughout the me tropolis, it is a notorious fact that the results of the existing plans are of the most deleterious and perni cious character. The air inhaled and the beverage imbibed by the vast population of London are poisoned by the, impurities squandered into the river flow ing through the capital of England. Squandered, we say, because the very materials which are thus permitted to infect the atmosphere with disgusting ex halations,_and to contaminate the water of the Thames with accumulated putrescence_ , if only properly col lected and distributed might very readily be rendered the means of diffusing throughout the island an extra ordinary amount of fertilization. To dream, there fore, of perpetuating an evil of this twofold character —an evil which, while it multiplies disease, and per petually increases the mortality, drains from the agri cultural regions of the country a certain source of enrichment would not only be false economy but the utmost extravagance of temerity. It would be false economy because of it s was ti ng suc h ü b l d y o be e continuation o u o t a m t o o n s t f t extravagance bese the wealth of the inestimable means for enhancing prac tices we should be arming Death with new weapons c o o f m te m m u e n r i i t t y y: because of destruction. Hence it is, that as a matter affect ing the health, the pockets, and the comfort of the people, the contrivance of some novel scheme of drainage for the metropolis has come at last to be recognised as one of the most conspicuous wants of its inhabitants. . m em ate p r ir isi e s and of whileso doi manyo doing evils a l I To purify the Tha mes, to remove provinces, has, in fertility to tfromhe this contiguous eo h n e t i gocapitaloune convey esy o p f t rh t ee l i e i consequence of the foregoing considerat ions, bec ome one of the chief aspirations of the people , a nd o ne of the principal am bitions of the Sewers C ommissi oners. To this end the Government e mpowered those Commissioners very recently to receive plan s for the better removal of the sewage of London from its neighb our h oo d . A vast number of schemes having this obj ec t i n v i ew were submitted to their consideration , but the whole of these same schemes, without one solitary excep tion, were soon after their transmission decisively re appeared, which, re jected. Since then another plan of a totally different description has from its facility of adoption, its simplicity of arrangement, its applicability to the existing system, and its effectual combination into a single focus of so many and such apparently contradictory requirements, challenges the attention of every man really interested in the cause of sanitary innovation. The author of the proposed scheme, Mr. HENRY STOTIIERT, of Lath, has already unfolded his proposal to the Sewage Com missioners in the form of an explanatory pamphlet,* a copy of which has fallen into our hands within a brief interval after its publication. Before touching upon the plan described in this pamphlet, it will be as well to observe that the necessity for a change in the present mode of draining the metropolis reduces itself simply to this—the reten tion of the sewage from the river, and the convey ance of it to localities where it may be rendered available far distribution. Now among all the propositions which have as yet ema nated from the engineering abilities of Eng land, with the exception of the remarkable plan just submitted by its author, Mr. STOTHERT, to public consideration, the only scheme at all worthy of notice is the one whereby it is suggested that the sewage of London shall be emptied into a capacious tunnel on either side of the Thames, to be conducted by those channels to some convenient spot in the eastern environs of the capital, there to be carried away by branch drains into the fields requiring the nu trition of manure. Hundreds of individuals have long pondered over the practicability o f such an arrangement, but all to no purpose, from the interposition of the * " A Plan for Removing and Deodorising the Sewage of London, and for Applying it to the Purposes of Irri gation. Byllienry Stothert. Bvo. pp. 25. Werthelmer and Ca , London; 1850. obstacles very clearly enumerated by Mr. STOTHERT in the preliminary page of his pamphlet. The first objection he declares to be, that the capacity of the tunnel which would be requisite on the City side of the river " would be so great as to be almost insur mountable, endangering the foundations of the bridges as it passes," and from one extremity to the other, from Vauxhall-bridge to the East India Docks, necessitating a lamentable destruction of property. Another objection is the liability of the tunnel to choke, in consequence of the very slight and in sufficient fall from the western to the eastern ter minus ; and yet another, and that too, perhaps, the most insuperable, the extraordinary expense of such a bold and gigantic undertaking. "Bat," asks Mr. STOTHERT, " can any other feasible mode be sug gested for carrying away the sewage ?" His reply to this inquiry is distinct and instantaneous—" Yes, without any question." What this mode of drainage is we cannot more briefly or more lucidly explain than in the words of its projector. llis plan for carrying away the sewage of the metropolis he describes to be as follows :-- "By dividing the distance between Chelsea and the East -India Docks into compartments; each compart ment to have a separate Cornish steam engit e, with cess pool and culvert on ore or both sides, running into it, into which culvert the drains or sewers in that com partment will intersect and empty themselves. " Each steam engine, with its own cesspool, culvert, and drains, must be of sufficient power to raise the con tents thirty-six feet high, at which height it will flow over into a vertical pipe that vrill communicate with a horizontal one, that will pars by each engine, receiving its contents, and conducting the same away to convenient localities for its deposit. " Wherever engines are fixed, they will be connected with a cesspool of suitsble dimensions, into which cess pool the main culverts running nearly parallel with the river, will empty themselves. "These main culverts should be large enough to receive all the drains that empty themselves into the Thames at present, so that the contents of all the present sewers or drains in each division will find their way into the cess pools attached to the engines. " The cesspools should be provided with a line of valves opening outwards, above high water mark, more than equal to ont -half the area of the main culverts, so as to provide against heavy storms of rain, or flushing." By this plan it must be perceptible that the Thames would be preserved from contamination without in terfering with existing arrangements any farther than by closing up for ever the extremities of the drain s and sewers at present emptying themselves into the river. The sewage would thereupon be no longer squandered into a water channel subject to tidal in fluences—exhaling noxious vapours into the atmo sphere of the capital, and imparting poisonous quali ties to the beverage of its inhabitants. Nor would these be the only advantages : the richest description ef manure would be placed at the disposal of the agriculturists ; and, besides all this, an enormous profit might be obtained beyond the whole of the ex penses incurred by the required alterations, and be yond the annual working of the entire system. The calculations made by Mr. STOTHERT, in regard to the last-mentioned particular, are of bewildering magnitude, and yet at the same time of unimpeach able accuracy. For example, the sewage matter of London has been proved to exceed 2,000,000 of tons annually. Experience has shown that 100 tons of such manure is sufficient for an acre of ground an : - nually. According to the statement of the Sewage Manure Company of London, it appears that they ob tain 41. per acre, although their material is very im perfectly distributed. From these facts it is esti mated that 1,000,000 of acres, at the very least, could be readily manured from the accumulation made out of these 2,000,000 tons of sewage matter—that, distributing this material at the rate of 41. per 100 tons, per acre, no less than 4,000,000/ might he realised, and that deducting therefrom the annual cost of working and four per cent. interest on outlay, amounting, says Mr. STOTHERT, to 198,1551, an annual profit of 8,801,8451., would remain over and above the expenditure. These calculations, it must be observed, are not the fancies of some idle day dreamer, but the estimate made by a bcld and able en gineer. Grand as the whole scheme is, we see no token of its impracticability : everything, on the con trary, tends to demonstrate the possibility of its immediate application to existing arrangements. If carried out it will prove of incalculable advantage to the metropolis and to thnprovinces, and will secure to Mr. Harslet STOTHERT„ its projector, that gratitude which is ever due to a great public benefactor. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. We have received the Paris journals of Saturday and yesterday. The lists of candidates for Paris have been at length announced. The Democratic candidates are Lieut. De Flotte, formerly a lieutenant in the navy, and one of the amnestied of June ; M. Vidal, the ex secretary to Louis Blanc's commission at the Luxem bourg ; and M. Carnet, who was Minister of Public Instruction under the Provisional Government. M. Emile de Girardin was proposed as a candidate at the preliminary meeting of the Democratic electors, but was rejected. The Union Electorale has put out its provisional list, to be reduced to three at the preparatory meet ing. They are, General de is Hitte, M. Foy, son of General Foy ; General d'Arbonville, M. Persil, ex- Minister; M. Thayer, Count Chabrol, Major de Laborde, M. Marbeau, founder of the charitable system of Creches; the Due de Padoue, and M. Eck, bronze-founder ; M. Bonjean The Napoleon de clares that the Bonapartists accept General de la Hitte, M. Bonjean, and the Due de Padoue, and will not support any others. There was an animated discussion in the National Assembly on Saturday on one of the clauses of the Public Education Bill, in the course of which the " pointless epigrams" of M. TRIERS procured for him an indignant protest against his wilful perver sions of fact from General CAVAIGNAC, and a dignified rebuke from M. LAMARTINE, who took the opportu nity of again proclaiming his allegiance to, his admi. ration of, and his faith in the Republic. The discus sion arose on an amendment proposed by M. BOWL • ZAT to the 65th article of the Public Instruction Bill, for the purpose of excluding from the office of schoolmaster any person belonging to a religious congregation not recognised by the State, and for bidding any religious congregation to open a school except by virtue of a special law, and on condition that the rules of the said religious congregation should be made public. The Hon. Gentleman acknowledged that his amendment was directed against the Jesuits, who were not Frenchmen, and were subject to a foreign power, and whose doctrines and conduct were immoral, tyrannical, and unsuited to the children of the citizens of a republic. The Bishop of LANGRES opposed the amendment. and eulogised the Jesuits, whom he would not consent to offer up as a holocaust for sake of such a ransom as this Education Bill. M. TRIBES declared that the principle of liberty inscribed in the Constitution, for bade any exclusion even of Jesuits. The time, in fact, was not come for treating the question, which would be more in its proper place when the law regarding associations should be brought before them. After which M. TRIBES proceeded, amidst great confusion, to say that if the Republic had lasted for two years it was because nothing which they (the Opposition) wished for had been accomplished. If the Republic still existed, it was because the men who had not founded it had vowed to give it their support. If it still existed, it was because, to use the words of one of its chiefs, it had not fallen into the hands of men of disorder. If the Republic existed two years, it was because the friends of order had combined to support a Government they had not founded, and to rescue it from the hands which made it. Once more he would say, that if the Republic had lasted two years, _it was because the Opposition had been baulked of its designs and if the Republic should last longer, it would be on the sole condition that the same parties should not be allowed to govern. General CATAIGNAC then rose to protest against the unfair construction which M. TRIBES had at tempted to put on the words which he (General CAVAIGNAC) had formerly addressed to the men of disorder and of violence, and for which he considered that he was deserving of honour ; but he had no right to apply them to the adversaries of the law under dis cussion. " When he applies the words I used," con cluded the General, " to those of whom I spoke we shall be agreed; but when he gives to them a signi• fication which they have not—when he applies them to those who believe the proposed law to be a bad law, he uses arguments which are quite unworthy of him." The General sat down amidst loud cheering. M. EAIA.NUEL ARAGO and M. PAYEE having succes sively attacked M. TRIERS, the latter again rose to explain, but he made matters worse by saying that the moment was not yet come fir telling the whole history of these unfortunate and fatal days of Febru ary, for such he would call them. Then the Left shouted order, followed by the greatest tumult. At length he was heard to say, that in the eyes of those who profited by the event such days were glorious— to him they were the contrary, for they had wounded him in his affections. This explanation brought up M. LAMARTINE , who expressed his regret that M. TRIERS should have taken advantage of the present discussion to utter pointless and most safe epigrams against the past. " We may," continued M. LA MARTINE, " leave, without reply, the attacker which we have just heard, and which we read every - day in the journals against the institutions which govern our country, for the Dnnocracy is sufficiently str on g, has a sufficient hold on the future to disdain epig•re ms.— (Cheers.) It is not by tneaas of epigrams tb at go vernments are destroyed and monarchies resfic,red.— (Renewed cheering.) Men of wit make epi;grams, the people make revolutions.—(Bravo.) Ge:3tlemen, I should be the most cowardly of men, if after the honour which fell to me, two years since, an honour for which I neither conspired nor siougl;t— (Cheers) —I did not come forward now i;o bear, to the revolution of February, that homage - which it merits.—(Cheers.) This day is the eve of tl le anni versary of that revolution, and if it does'not; require any of us to stifle hcnourable regrets, i t at least ought to command, on the part of those vii :30 enter tain them, a respectful silence.—(Cheers.) Yes! no doubt those days on which blood flows are always fatal days. But the days of the morrow, those en which the Republic of the democracy wens; forth, I will call them in the face cf the world, glorious days. —(Cheers.) Why are they glorious ? liecause, after having gained the victory, the people covered its enemies with its strength." At the (a Inclusion the whole of the Left rose en masse and sul cited the orator with cries of " rive la Republique !" On a division, the amendment of M. BOURZAT was re jected by 450 to 148. The Minister of the Interior announced that there would be seats re served at Notre Dame for the Members of the ATM anbly de-- siring to take part in the religious ceremoi iy for the victims of February, and the Assembly se' ittrated at eight o'clock in great agitation. l he Illoniteurdu Soir contradicts the rep arts which were in circulation with regard to an allege d outbreak at Rouen. The Corsaire says that the PRESIDIir NT of the Republic will, immediately after the electi ens, make his long-talked of excursion in the south of France. The Procureur of the Republic of the Seine has given orders for the strict execution u f the law of the 10th December, 1830, which int srdicts the posting up of any bills treating of political matters. The report of M. CHARLES DUPIN, on ; ;he Bill for regulating the comerce of Algeria with 3Frar.ce and foreign countries, has been diAributed to t he Assem bly. It recommends that foreign produ.c e imported into Algeria shall he subject to the same: protective duties as if they wero imported into En ince by the ports of the Mediterranean. The commit ee proposes also, by a special article, to encourage for sign vessels to take in return cargoes of Algerian j ?reduce by modifying the tonnage dues in their favour Urgency is demanded for the Bill. Letters from Smyrna of the 6th st, tte that the French squadron was still anchored at I%losconissi, and would shortly return to Smyrna. The President of the Assembly, the M misters, and a deputation of the Assembly, attends %1 yesterday Divine service, in commemoration of the• Revolution of February, in the Cathedral of Notre I) ame. Paris as profoundly tranquil. It was ❑ot lik; sly that this tranquillity would be disturbed. Tne Five per Cents were done yestE r.: - day in the Passage de l'Opera at 96 1. . 25c. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILIV as AT THE LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE, ri LB. 23. !Boulogne and Amiens, 7 5 A 3 ex div.—E& o ,t Indian, 5 Northern of France, 14 5 / s —Rouen and Havre, . SPAIN. Madrid journals of the 19th have arriv. ?ti. The Spanish Cortes were prorogued on the 18th. The President of the Council, in grand uniform, an nounced to the Senate and Chamber of Deputies that her MAJESTT has ordered him to com municate the following decree : "In conformity with the prerogatives i which are ac cord©l to me by Art 26 of the Constituti, on, and in ac cordance with my Council of Ministers. I decree—thet the sittings of the present session shall ko and remain suspended. Signed the QUEEN, and coo ',stersigned by all the Ministers." Immediately after this the two Chamlers broke up. The Corps Diplomatique waited on ;be QUEEN, on the evening of the 17th, and the Pork's Nuncio, in her name, delivered an address congrl ttulating her MAJESTY and Spain on her interesting s ituation. The QUEEN returned a suitable reply. MADRID BOLSA, FEB. 19.—Three p r Cents., 29?, ; Five per Cents., 12 15-16, both paper., Exchange on London, 50 30 money. GERMAN Y. It is stated in a letter from Frankfo: rt, of the 18th, that the Federal Commission has sk nt 15,0001. to London as a payment on account fol: the vessels or dered by the ex-Central Government .of Germany for the German fleet. The Berlin Gazette, of the 21st, announces offi• cially that the KING, having fallen against a stone bench, had so injured his leg as to 1)4 obliged to re main in his apartments. On the 21s t , the Second Chamber of Prussia voted the extraordinary credit of 18,000,000 thslers demanded by the Mitt ister of War. The Second Chamber had also approved in principle of the Bill for abolishing the exemption from tsxa tion, heretofore attached to the property of certain nobles. The First Chamber of Saxony, in a, :recent sitting, formally approved of the policy of the Ministry in the German question. There were reports at Berlin on the 17th that Russia and Austria had protested against the .uveeting of the German Parliament at E►furt. BELGIUM. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of B elgium pre sented on Thursday to the Chamber of Rep resentativcs a Bill for sanctioning a treaty of commerce and navi gation between Russia and Belgium, whic h has lately been signed. With one or two exceptions, the treaty establishes complete reciprocity in, the tonnage and customs dues of the two countries. The treaty is to last for five years certain.—The Sfriate of Bel gium on Thursday adopted, by 35 votes to 7, the Bill on the importation of corn and. provisions, as sent up from the Chamber of Representatives. HOLLAND. THE HAGUE FEB. I..—The Stoats C7ourant pub. lishes a royal decree suppressing the presents hitherto given to the local authorities of the B Arbary states, and which were paid annually under the denomination of spendaticgelden, to the Consul General of Tan giers, 3,500 florins ; to the Consul-of Tunis, 2,500 florins; and to the Consul of Tripoli, 1,500 florins. The same decree grants an augmentatimi to the sa lary of the interpreters and superior attacMs of these consulates, by which the Consul of Tangiers has an increase of 1,500 florins, and those of Tunis and Tri poli 1,000 florins each. By another decree of the same day, the office of treasurer to the Consul-General of Smyrna is abolished, and an honourable dismissal. granted to M. J. Slaars, who has hitherto filled that, post. R U SSIA. The Augsburgh Gazette states that the report was current at Warsaw, and among the Russian officers, that Russia is about to enter into a defensive alliance with Greece, and that in the spring th e t roops wi ll b e moved towards the Balkan. The Breslau Gazette says that it was loped that after the withdrawal of the Russian troops the fron tiers of Poland would remain unoccupied, but such is not the case, for by degrees the principal places have been again taken possession of by Russian regi ments. The Russian army now stationed on the Prussian frontier is estimated at 140,000 men. The general opinion among the army is that they are to act on the Rhine—perhaps against France. Oa the 14th of January there were launched at Nicolajew two vessels of the line of 120 and 84 guns respectively, as well as several other sailing and steam vessels. GREECE. The Levant mail brings advices from Athens to the Bth inst. The Courrier di Athenes publishes a letter, dated the 31st ult., from M. THOUVENEL, the French Envoy, addressed to M. LONDOS, the Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs, denying that General AuricK ever had the slightest suspicion of the object the British fleet had in view when it cast anchor in the Bay of Salamis Her Majesty's steam-frigate Odin was the only ship at the Pirmus, the flcet being still at Salamis. The smaller vessels, as the Racer, Frolic, Rosamond, &c., were distributed at Patras, Zante, and Corfu. Captures continued to be made of Greek vessels, the duty of blockading, as of capturing, devolving ge nerally on the steamers. The merchants at Athens were getting weary of the check on their commerce, and in some few instances had remonstrated with the Hellenic Government. At Athens the people were by no me ans di sa ff ected towards the English ; at Patna the feeling was mere hostile. ITALY. The Nazionale of Florence states that, on the 14th, a disturbance took place at Fucecchio, owing to a dis pute between some soldiers and townsmen. The former having threatened to make use of their arms, several of the people got possession of the mtpkets of the National Guard, now dissolved, and others began to throw stones. Peace was restored, however, Wore much harm had been done on either side. The Tuscan Government immediately sent a party of 100 Yelites to the spot. A letter from Rome of the 13th, in the Concordia, states that General PARAGUAY D'ifiLLTEas has been obliged to place sentinels before the statue of PAs- QUINO, in order to put an end to the unceasing satires which daily encumber the monument of that cele brated personage. A letter from Vienna of the 17th states that tn Austrian corps d'arm6e is to enter Rome at the same time as the POPE. A letter from Naples of the 12th Feb. says:— " That which nothing else has been able to effect, the eruption of Vesuvius has effectel, the flight, or rather removal, of the Pope. It is only, hoWever, to the polecat on Capo di Monte, where he can enjoy the rnagnifi''eD scenes now being exhibited en Vesuvius, without trou bling at the dreadfal roaring of the mountain , a nd with' out fear of being overwhelmed. I hear nething, however; of a more distant flight. Arrests still continue here, a nd I hear that lust night a terribly large batch was ee'r e and sent off to prison —some say 27 men of birth and re i sp •etaltility. Mr. Brown, an American, former l y eensu at li•tme, has been ord ere d t o quit Naples within 48 hours. whereupon an indignant a n d angry corresponde nce hil a s taken place between the American Charge d'Affaires es the Neapolitan Government. As yet 11 know no t if, or how, it has terminate.). I must not forget to inform you of the state of Vesuvius. For a week we have new_ enjoyei the most sp'endid eruption which bas take place for many years. The ashes have Lean carried es far, we know, as 20 miles, and no doubt much f sl t bt ' w here The lava descends in two streams upon Ottajano , it his destroyed a palace and much land belonging to !! nobleman of that name, and another towards Torn dell Annueziate. whilst the flames and the immense noes V of rocks which are ejected form at night a splendid lu terrific spectacle. The roaring of the mountain en Saturday night last was such as to disturb the whole country for miles round, and here in Naples our win dows shook with every repetition of it, which was n ceasing night and day. Immense crowds, of course, walk over to the other side of the Uay to get a nesr er revV; religious processions are moving about, for the intercession of the Madonna and the saints; an d it is said that the Pope is to perform some ceremonial tZ cause the mountain to stay its ruinous proceeding s. am sorry to add that the accidet is to those who wer e over have been very sad. On Saturday n i g ht a young Cu t was struck in the leg by a burning stone, whic h through the limb, and he died on the mountain from loss of blood. A young American officer was struck in his th. e arm, which hung suspended by a bit of flesh , On arrival in ,Naples he had lost so much blood that en amputaticti' could not take place, and es no reactiotcli has up to this time t ken place, it is not eltPe nte d that he can live. A gendarme is also reperte,..• killed, and two men who had fallen a sacrifice to t u ,, eruption were said to have been buried yesterday Portici. Some anxiety has been felt for an Englisiorn!t: and his wife who had not returned from a visit to th , _ mountain; and yet the crowds roll on night and deY tv . see this wonderful phenomenon. From the neighboued hood of the mountain all the inhabitants have fled, an the powder from tie magazine at Torre has boon to move l." - - CHANCERY.-(THIS DAY) The Lord Chancellor sat at Lincoln's Inn todayto hear appeals. His Lordship was occupied the whole morning vv, t h il the arguments in the case of Shepherd v. Shepard, wint the came !Afire him upon appeal from the decision ef Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce, overruUng put in by the defendant to the plaintiff's bill. 4 1 question in the case related to a cargo of cochinear 111 shipped to Bombay, but there is no interest in the We xcept to the parties concerned. a denatirrrrt,eo ROLLS' COURT.—(THIS DAYO„. The Master of the Rolls sat in his Court in the Ito" yard, Chancery-Jane, to-dsy, and heard causer. of The further arguments in the part-heard " ug h ° c) le Thoreber v. Sheard occupied his Lordship the w- morning. VICE-CIIANCERY.—(THIS DAY') (B, fore the VICE-CHANCELLOR Of ENGLAND.) His Honour sat t , .-day et rleven o'clock. BIRD V. SNITS. The further argurnvnts in this part-heardcase were resumed. The case involved no point of publi c interest (Before Vice-Chancellor KNIGHT BRUCE ) VILER V. NEWCOMBE. Court The further arguments in this case occupied tLit the whole day. (Before Vice -Chancellor WIGRAM ) Motions of no public intere st emu ied the Cour t the grept9r part of the day. P QUEEN'S BENCH.—(THIS DAY'?: ce (Sittings at Nisi Prius, at Guildhall, before Mr. Jo" COLERIDGE, arid a Common Jury.) JOHNSON V. In this case Mr. M. Chambers THOMPSON was. cou nsel f * rd p i f . plaintiff, sad the denndant was represented bY geant Shea. r ,bold at, ..Lbjeet-matter cf the action were two i(e-- houses situate in Butt-lane, Deptford, adjoining th e Il the Lion public-house, to which both the plaintiff and 0 , 64 defendant laid claim. The property in question devised in 1799 by one Peter Chambers, first t o his Ina for her life, and fif.er her death to one S:ophen RiVg , Es- 0 John Rigg, for his life; with remainder to Henry Brclivibe for lift; after his decease to all end eve r)? ' O3 - daugh,ers of his (the testator'.) brother Jesoph C r T , hers, living at the death of Henry Brown, for their :f spective natural liver, and for the life of the survior,be them; and after their decease to all and every daughters of his (testator's) late brother, Nathan G i l ; of bees, for their respective natural lives, and for the 1 1 ; w ht the survivor of them; with rereander to his ovirn, m , r 'd g ia heir* for ever. Peter Chambers, the testator, u.,``' no r 1799, his wife, in 1812, Stephen Rigg in 1824, an d l ' t e b - of Brown in January 1845; and at the time of the des b 0 Hoary Brown all the daughters of Joseph C han3 h:rs were dead, and all cf the daughters cf Nathan Cliarni-00 except tl.e plaintiff, Sarah Ann Johnson. Sarah ,;: ito - Johnson, the plaintiff, was baptized in 1781, andj' i h - sa the property as the only surviving daughter of " 1 1, - - D is Chambers. The defendant, on the other hand , C— t t i e un,lor one William Johnson, who descended fro° be family of the other brother, Joseph Chambers, but I I is alleged to have been illegitimate. Aos The case, which is likely to last the whsle day , preceding when our report lef. COMMON PLEAS.—(THIS DAYIce (Sittings at Prins, before the Lord Chief °— WILDE and a Special Jury.) ~e of The Court was occupied with the adjo u rned et i " the Electric Telegraph Company v. Brett, Whi ch 1311 not conelw.:ed when our report left. BOW-STREET.—(THISand John Cox, a young man of very idiotic appearance' who was ver meanl dressed, was charged before' fol• Hall, with attempting to commit suicide under tat', lowing circumstances:— ,one James Taitens depo se d th at h e h a d known the 1 )-- ; him for the last twenty years, and had always believeuh to be of unsound mi n d, hi s act i ons a t interva ls l e s altogether those of a ma d man. Ab ou t three °: c i : ja ycsterday afternoon h e was at di nner with his w"eith the lower part of th e h ouse i n w hi c h t he prisoner ow his aged mother res id es , 3, W o b urn -mews, W? bu bios place, Russell-square, when Mrs. Cox ran doven, l °. and li told him that her son had been attempting u" r i o t• e rushed up stairs and found that the prisoner ha"..ed throughtempted a to h h o a o n k g i h n im th se e l u f e b il y in a roe,which he h ad V a t - o . * and then formed, i h n i; de. loop. The hook had giving wa g y, however, thwart ed sign, the and he was lying on the floor, fully believing t"htld had succeeded in committing suicide. The prisoner 0.0 never done anythin g regularly for a livelihood , as bernee so exceedingly st u p i d. All h e li ve d on was a few„Pods he got from the os tl ers i n t h e mews , f o r running e';„- de on their account. The reason for his attensptingLi of stroy himself was a scr ib e d t o th e following e Orl : - ; in some persons who m h e was i n th e habit of gtee t 7 t hef tap-room in the mews ; —For some time Ps" t as had told him th a t h e never was h e d himself, tt" ho was fond o f l oo ki ng after the ladies he must be ' e ts4 . or they would not have him. Tbey persisting Ises„iiib turtle), that his skin was still very black, he was I°l-beir enough to undress in the t o roo m to show that feri allegations were quite unfounded. He then WOO . 03 0 morose, refusing to p ar t a k e o f an ything 13 1 3 t ill ibe of his attempted suicide. Wing Mr. HALL remarked that it was a ve r y distr look case, and that th e parochial authorities ought t n ° d his after him, as he was unable to support himsel f ' B ,,dere (l aged mother cou ld d o nothing for him. He then, ordered the police-con s t a bl e to ta k e him to the St. Giless house. -n AY.) MARLBRO - -STREET—(THI S -l n d 0 ToM THUMB IN TROUBLE. •—• John Williams, and little fellow about two feet high, known in the, lee , r ae le of St. Giles' as " Tom Thumb," lout whose real %bon, Charles Maguire, were placed before Mr. 13 „ dj a b froul charged with stealing a pair of trousers, value l':,",treet the shop of Mr. Joseph Solomone , 26, Bre a " - Bloomsbury. h t , übou' The prosecutor stated that on Saturday ni g ell b e ten o'clock, ho was st an di ng a t his shop door, vi r ,, f ial saw the two prisoners standing in the d o : bi o , esm a e nd and on iLfj h r i us s of an adjoining house, apparently watchl,l,3i. oh oP minutes person movements. Having occasion to eater hi e PO to serve a customer, he was detained doo r tt 1 edrenturnboY ..i u x stolen a pair of trousers from ini the door. On he a " sae; th to t t he to 5 hao this witness ran to the corner of the s treet , 1113 0 , 0 tilu Tom Thumb run n i ng as fast as his litt le legs clo self al low hire, with the trousers under his so l e ' 0 pia' followed by the other prisoner. Witness we n "„ r isoue r h e I n w a d s e f s e t n o c p e p ed by T t h h u e m p b ro s s a e suit, and captured Tom Thumb. The oth er r was stopped Tom a constable. trou ser 6 and was going to see if he could fi nd an oriler Of t he The other prisoner denied all knowledge robbery. Mr. BINGHABI committed them for trial. ...----.....----. .1 -KT k TWO EXHIBITION OF INDUSTRY OF ALL ..1.,, , ..-, , a , 00 most interesting meetingtook on Satur uti f o d, i n place the' . a *th said ' he found the , who ing, at the residence of the Duchess of Su orate svi order to form a committee of ladies to co-ePe'. ou t the his Royal Highness Prince Albert in cerryl /0 00 design of the Exhibition of the Industry cd : tb ll°/i i in 1851. Resolutions were agreed to hY . !-oesse e :. r ower e s e tr , "F u jel. ladies who were present:—viz., the and 4 Aylesbury, Westminster, Londonderry, and tAan„, add Viscountesses Jocelyn, Waldegrave Clanwilliam; and Laies Grey, Dover,l"„eiburile: &anley, Mary Stanley, Caroline Lascellesa L or ds ti e Ashburtn, Ganville, Fahautt, Sz; n n Howard o r and Dufferin w ere elected secreta ries to t 11th of committee. HAYMARKET THEATRE.-00 Italuajl ~_,,ii . ben , r a v the March, Mr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean will take,,ti,',,y st y oi cp - 1 : b l l 9 ' s eter e p fi tr,inuenedAerlbethrte. They y ia i l n t p e a n t d ro t n o s p g , e t f, ( j ): ln l i t e he, _ di jog. ...A Benedict and Beatrice in Much Ado about Alin f"orpoint; ArponirmENTs.--The Rev. J. Dobio_ r ... iw ich , ... Chaplain of the Hulk Establishment at We", rbe Se l . , •to the VriP e es i Geo the place of the Rev. Steward W. Hanna. 13rit idi I d rge Dowell is appointed Chaplain N orton, 0 bassy at Paris. Mr. Fletcher Conyers , ~ i s rent Attache to the British Embassy at linlm" to a similar position at Brussels. 4