The Sun. — London, England, 1851-04-25 00:00:00

n: ~.; v"2 -- - , - to i - I • • - • . 10, • - feed can be aistir...t.ly beard. T noise hts been corn / I pared to a fall of rain in a woo , and to the burning ,„ , =4: 0: i ,";, , 46007. t: , \\\ far ;4 -• '4, , ' A A . w : I A. • . **4' yot: branehe. A,Sok , - is/ - t\ l / 4 ' 4 , 4, `Nli 0 " "- , • -•••- `ice• , , -5 . -5 0' • 7- DP • ,Y 1.1 ;• DIE A b „.• „ . / . • ~._-~ %' A 6 , 6,2 • ') • ' 4., I N ., • .64.14, v4 4 ,4* ~~;~. . • [Xt. ss, in Orkneit and after the let till swung). GRAVESEND STAR PACKET S. _ .cre cabin awl see.en4 f Tn.v FaliccAy t" or from Lundon . . Saloon and First Class ditto, ONE SIIILLING• To or from Blackwell. IP Ore Cabin 6d. Chief Cabin...• 94. _ Intermediate Piers •• • • 6d. rackets call at the Grays, Greenhithe, and Parlieet Pien. .acketa call at the Piers as underlined (weather permitting). ti -FROM TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND. __zEt DAYS. I .ltai Rosh! , t 734 _ 4 !!3i Grays Greeß , hithe. Pur fleet (Time 1 'Green- Pur- R°811r" villa.. (frays l hithe. fleet 1 _ 734 116 /13 5 - I 7 • -------_ use from the Boats marked t Ivery — „''swi from Fenokurch-street Station to all parts of London %twiner of an hour. 8-111:ngSWICK WHARF, RLACKWALL, on the arrival of ••••••.„ t he Trains from the Fenchurch.street Station. 7"-----___ V rXra DAYS. SUNDAYS. NO. ......., ritr- GreenJ . Roster- Time . pm.-'Green- Roshr -14 k ia et 'lithe. dr ay' , in ---- fleet 1 hithe. Gra " vie• ........V_e. n. , Roster `__...,— -- 'll — 9 -- 112. 10 4 *." 11 ~N• .7- 2 _ —.— -5 X ." --- — 3% _ '...."----...... _... Passages marked * are run direct. prep T TIC KETS. —Twelve Months, 41.45. ; Six Months, I keit a ti7Mtui. 11. 155.; t o b e had of the Collectors on bo s„,._ lor orMr. Monk. Terrace Fier, Gravesend. ,ige.4k -r. St Steam PFenchurch-at for Excurtreet Terminus, app, Blackwall ly to Mr. W. R ,ll a ar O letl2l.ffice, 1851. 1. 15!. ma the TERN COUNTIES RAILWAY. 4-noTt—n,,,,,,,ETING of the NATIONAL ASSOC . IATION for the 1 :TP,1 1 1, - ,ION of AGRICULTURE, April 29, 18.1 . . ". 1, ..* of the CRYSTAL PALACE by her Majesty the Queen, 4 e4t. • May 1, 1851. avluvrli,ll.l3_e issued for the Journey to London and back at „201tty' I) FARES, as follows : . 1 11 in DISTRICT',--By the Last Up Train on Monday, the tiv is sta. at, Itmte4A,Pl, PETERBOROUGH, CAMBRIDGE, and29NhEWin littifeinloSTllnCaTtSit3-30Byllecial Train's on t Tuesday, Tt II bSTEIC DISTRICT..—BY the First Up Trains from MAL uvely.iirNTßEE, and COLCHESTER, due in London respee- Tick e t;, A •m• and 10.5 A.m. tey by by the above Trains will be available for the Return Jour ay. B P e cifte Trains any day up to and including Saturday, the 3d ht itars g:l' e r Particulars, application to be made at any of the Co m • By order, C. P. RONEY, Secretary. -- '7 l Bride Station, April 23, 1851. utETY o f PAINTERS in WATER ,:the COLOURS. "` their NNAL EXHIBITON WILL OPEN, "ell', 5, Pall-mallA. East, on MONDAY, I April 28. ' ar antance, One Shilling.—Catalogue, Sixpence. GEORGE FRIPP, Secretary, . "41'°Itl 'AxT NOVELTIES ON AND AFTE R EASTER MOND ° A Y L POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION Rotation of the Earth Demonstrated by Foucault's re ,llleilyerlitients as exhibited at the Pantheon in Paris.—An Ills - !flee , ee tufe en the Harp, by Frederick Chatterton, Esq., with illanej:ue d Instrumental Selections from the Bards, assisted by Miss 4 a, 0 1:1 Q t...,_ °u ,n14, Music, and illustrated . by Drawings of the Nations.—Lectures on Chemistry by J. H. Pepper, "xiieri ri 7 , ratlng the nature of Flame and Explosion, with brilliant Two s e / t a• — Lectures on Natural Philosophy by Dr. Bachhoffner. n '4arlea series of Dissolving Views :—One series entirely painted by ,Op en ' ll,l tll, Esq., &c., &c. atlf. e ' v erY morning and evening.. —Admission, Is, ; Schools, AnDrift e • Ga a ext —•fltters' Association are now fitting up in ail Institution teon,,easive series of Apparatus, Burn e r rs, &c., to ugrate the Claej4nlaal Application of Gas for Illuminating, e Culinary, Heating, and Manufacturing purposes. 1851.—Home Everywhere. Attre l• TENTS for , ebath eMIN EDGINGTON'S the Marquee Tent, Flag, and Rick Plettte_atiufactory 2, Duke-street, - Southwark. O A Warehouse, 20 8 , zhe w 3 ,. bo r T : o °w ing Second-hand Marquees to be sold reasonable :-250 ;•'-190 feet by 40-120 feet by 33—and 150 feet by 29. ,cgr lit Tents fitted up complete. Aolts:Ttbgycer of Second-hand Rick-cloths in good condition, with complete. 14 - 6 APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED. ''A• and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE 4 44 , Ln s 4I : 7 CU imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops kidßoast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad Porte "a tonic ant invigorating properties enables the stomach to /9,7. digest the food. tbs.: d ay use of this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe to health. 16,ci by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 6, Vere-street, Oxford -4i,;;. London, and 68, Broad-street, Worcester ; also by Messrs. sald r and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other Oilmen tst te. e 'chants, London; and generally by the principal dealers in 4-13 . T 141,1 „ guard against imitations, see that the names of " LEA 414 RINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle. IMPORTANT TO READ. P4 GANCE AND ECONOMY COMBINED, AND SILVER SUPERSEDED. • Nos. 41 and 42, BARBICAN. SEND EIGHT POSTAGE STAMPS, and by WATSON'S andost free, you will get a handsome teaspoon of '4ARLES SOLID ALBATA PLATE. ;'ten beautiful material has now en j oyed an unparalleled success ;7 ten years. It has survi ve d a ll other solid sub,titutes ; has gone tcircuit of the globe ; has been tested for its sweetness and ItY, in all climates, for every domestic use; and, however uto -74 it may appear to the sceptical reader, C. WATSON stakes his 4t r gtatlon on its possessing all the essential attributes of ailvar, hnth Nl' and sweetness. t,fall e stablishment also contains every ar ti c l e i n e l ectro-pla t e. f rom Zrlaost neat and simple to the most costly and r ec h erc he. K n i ve s -F.! F orks, Paper Tea-Trays, Dish Covers, and an e n dl ess var i e ty of Good Strong Electro-ptel Electro- Threaded. Alhata Plate ' - Fiddle. Fiddle. I Fidcd,e. Threaded. '''''''''":"--.--...........---. - Doz. Doz. Doz. Doz. Doz. 1 4 61 s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 4'Jun .. 16 6 21 0 30 0 45 0 63 0 44e .. 1 41 8 ,: r iVoans.. 12 6 16 6 25 0 36 0 43 0 4,1 4 sy,„ r "t 5 .. 12 6 16 6 25 0 36 0 4 2 0 ":- : - . .,.........._" , 0ns ... 5 6 80 I 13 6 18 0 35 0 tai RING AND A GUARD RING for 215., both of tat . 6 1 41 ' 1 111g gold and stamped. Parties at any distance, by cutting . rottr: l 7l o of their finger on a piece of card, and enclosing it with a Th is a anu order, will have them sent by return of post. e h*, a n t : an agreeable and pleasant mode of purchasing these artl - saves a personal application. 'unc e, 4 `Chain for either Lady or Gentleman, weighing half an 0 t ,.; an ounce, 808. tru t , . - -Tll5 PATENT CANDLE LA.ISII°S have obtain.d for 411/,,:,"es a deserved and ' unrivalled superiority, and reasonably soAlin. are most offensive to the smell, and the ephemeral Cam %lei quits such smut and unwholesome effluvia as to injure health m_ e l l ittit ess es , &c., whilst the Caudle Lamp is inodorou.s and pure. the aVe, l4 -4, 8 WATSON invites the public to an inspection of to 26 every variety, commencing with the Queen's Lamp, from tre e. the mid size, from 12s. to 355. ; and the magnum, from 'Ns. gUineas. Candles for the above at the lowest price in the c Egt u„ ,111.1sTION SERVICES of all sizes. 4ercJ' I SIIED in 1795.—Address, 41 and 42, Barbican. e t r 4 t. ts, Shippers, &c., allowed a liberal discount. a rn rfeti' d. nu sent post free. All goods exchanged if not ap of. Carriage paid to any part of the kingdom T 1:1L GREAT SECRET OF TRADE. b4 ,ind tt in a nj hoUses make a mystery of their business, and one gaik"l'eqlseZ theY were in possession of some great secret, that none re, ve s roust know. We see nothing in fair trading that re tte-ZerneW,,..`erY—Nve understand no trade secrets—all we know our know, for we desire to be candid. Everybody won '" It i s sell good articles so cheap. They can all understand 1 ) ,.."' dim "et People can sell cheap when the articles are bad. There elllty IltiajiL; tut 41,,annpreh,nding how common things are sold at low th the Wonder is how we can turn out Clothes of the best 04; We d o e small prices we charge. We hesitate not to explain tlg, at th,t .First, we buy very large quantities of material, not .el.,QQ‘lid,s;,.,2t Price, but often at considerably less than anybody We - ''''PlY because we buy more largely than anybody else can. itZ3' em ;l y e all immense number of first-rate hands, who are equal tiCgl a en . i he trade in the quality oft heir work, and these are con n.-blest „l h eYed tbe year round. Thirdly, we employ a ber of ii i ". ll ll4e;LVY and talented cutters r.nd fitters in the kingdom, and th;ittr e iZ u e work ourselvess upon the premises. But, after all, there a „ a , ,sornething which enables us to sell a better and . a tie than anybody and that is, we are content wit . h , 11 ) L . 1.4. , at is the grand ' secret. We fear no competition in i t a L_,ing, and selling. Our clothes are equal in quality, le p;i.`_Kt style to those I.; which most tai.ors charge more than a K bg : :e: The vast business we do renders our small p outs far k n , 4 uSlite e r.utgeous than other people's large ones, and with an es raere'`," unrivalled in extent, in convenience, and in situation, 1;41% uver with capital that will always command the best tp h the th e market at the most favourable prices, we can chal- Vth! th o uele trading community to produce goods at the price to;,,etni w,ich we are selling hourly. We only ask those ti ea , s. NI T visit either of our establishments, and inspect the % i e . or not ask them to buy they may do that at some future Stici4ektb. at all; but we do earnestly desire to make every use " It h ,Lit expression our establishments, and our mode of doing busines s ; of our wishes subscribe ourselves, ky t E. MOSES and SON, Ecc. , msotine Almanac, for the year 1851, can be had gratis, on 141„ 4° ed application. ---te i tiun of " Everybody's Book, containing a full report post free. Loyd p r ,s and SON have no connexion with any other house in a don, except the following City:— "7. Establishaent, 154, 115, 156, and 157, Minories, 83, $ aTudot i 4. ° ) Aldgate, opposite the Church, all commurdcating. , 74 %, li Art est-end Branch, 506, 507, 503, New Oxford-street, 1,2, khilitkrd -street, all communicating. xorksidre" Branch, 19, Bridge-street. :fraaeh, 36, Fargate. rs Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoe tSt, Outfitters;ll.sneral for Ladies and Gentlemen. Z u lishmenta are closed from sunset Friday to sunset 13x.•,,—, *en business is resvnied till Twelve o'clock. lei ir on Parle Francaise. Qui si parla Italian°. Ur spri c ht man Deutsc h. Aqui se habla Espanol. b)• ' I4 .RT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH With AND MATURITY. plain Directions for their Prevention and 'TEFL. Ifttbo.,:r COLOURED ENORAVTIVIS and se 4l 4• t0, t4e1. 4, he in ei rr e e d nc c h h , T E ei n ep g e li , sh 2 , 2 G . G erman, Dutch , D pes ute r f , r E t T e p , ani vr _ s e h m , . 1 1 , 0 r forty-two Stamps, 14 aLfloo rt ra i .1 Treatise on the Um , -PREsERvATioN; a tfi a . " 4l 3' a,,afirMities and Disorders of Youth Physiology of Marriage, atr a an ta r i l it o y n , t.J:k rai - zpired at an early period of 'life, which destroy tiL 4l l.go, Et ,s7,, and mental powers, diminish and enfeeblethe Er n e ti e t t f e al a 3siarv au z i extaust the vital energies of Manhoo4 ;with Bt outhe certain Prevention and successful Treatment of tit 4 4 ebility, Local and Constitutional Weal:aces, Syp tlo la, as " ln d Diseases and Derarrremento resulting from In dia ' tg_Of rh2tined by Lallemand, Ricord, and other eminent mem: I,,%groti a ' acuity in France. With Fifty coloured bugraving., 04.4 m. tho Anatomy, rhysiology, and Diseases of the Re fs_ th e ns explaining their structures, =es, and functieno, . m bito s a:L ri otio diaries ! t roduced in them by solitary — "sots. and infection. are P 37. BA Y , SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D., Xedieln F ORD-SQUARE, LONDON. 0 e. Matriculated Member of the University of Edit -- • i t Z°Dl yary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society,. :Ilds"ell...._;7.leAstr otfliEediarinbGurs' tic t:r i e c e . n, Member of the Huntenan 1 .0 a,,ur Contains a the and complete description of the ana natiht—‘o,`,l_l?flYsiology of the reproductive organs, and of their relative net,e,„tz._Tealth and disease. The author, who has taken the ~ •1 4 15 f . d honours, as evidenced by the diplomas and testimo iirto has insertediin the work, is the only legally qualified medical man , "Natio e usi velY, and for many years, devoted his studies to , ent of these U.-7 4 ga by au complaints. ide a ay be consulted with thosead whose constitutions may have become debill- Zr_ lot e 7;:!Zn secret practices acquired is youth. or by the excesses attinlarriffAro, whereby the pleasures of life are marred, the objects 1.11 g zzuastntred, and existence itself rendered a term of un row reret. bY th • r- A.u g thor, and may be had of J. Gilbert, 49, Pater bsannay, 63, Oxford-street; Starie, Titchborne-street, Or , Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Mann, 23, Cornhill, 1 4.7. u7 l 3o st for forty-two stamps, from the author's residence, who tfof cense-. t a ,, en these disorders personally, or by latter , daily, "." ' 44 %W% Item *ix tiu eight, om Calcutta; unison, frGra Ilium Wallac e, 5; Lord,Petret Lin, Sea Q uees ' View EraPr eis ' Bellone, from Dira Pet, from 'elerity, Jam from 'OM itiCS; Promise,,bon • ion, from Bog: from Seville, burgh; Edg ar ' for E l6 i °°re; Bowl Cur for 1; Auroro,„o. Jane ak. aka; P ri"ille La POUler i° sr Gertruide t ;wood, a ne : for Bsrb grl°es ' [awe; Wilbert: Lion, for leneral Festo°lMl n what die ched. ---- Vi du& MAY 6 „ / AV . ° Mal 38 3 Mai l Ifal 13 Msf 1 20 3 Apri l 310:1 3 0 Apro , j* rd• AP ril Tif i.a e so AP— sit. cr • Tl , Mot' APr' e diilt April mAir • gaY Mal 6 M/ , AD '- APO Apri . April MAY i April 2° tempt. 13110 7 _ 4 6 0 9 are convey . the rafted 6°o° .acket. KEY'S. 4 , 1 I arrival of %IP pled from / li e ; e trade rule" 0 41 rith holder,' ao i dy. In WS 22.—The °f e d ay ; q uality I clearance. _,•`;., !A. All desu s ;; unsold. / 38 bp, beep ad Op Beef, 45 ket f r —Our war- . 0 1 Al Ol price. T. ° dot r sale. ie .—There v;!,41. weighing 2 01 ',:pi and 8 at it goof' is. I sack ich sold thut' Apsst r 16 steneo . '"o‘, 7s Cd to .0' tn. 14. second 6d 98 91 z°, B od 185 6d od p-EI Od Ott —a Od —2 od -4 16 4 0 19'0 149 lig 0 4 58 64, 6 3 19 6 4 14 1 . 5 4 19 6 4 Flo e i 14 1 19 6 4 19 0 4 19 t o 19 6 4 19 44 19 6 4 1486 J 10 64 2C5 L market, II .... 00000 .... ton ...... ............ S ......... a 5;........ • 0000000 •••• LL .....• ley ...... ley ..... RKEIIO.. r opened brtg amount of 0 6 1 , 0 i .ed id Stock, 6& bt improve d eni it better Pr i irei ead, Lan ca sb me id), 20 3 4 --;100 r / go( t Ives, 12 4 0 ,.uT i tte 31.4 dis.— outter astle, and fir , lelfast and P Pais firm #..• re as follow j eti rence, Qualir , 18 9-1 6 " t oot North- Wel o idi ;hester, Sh ference, r te 3 ess traneac :es, at about lo The onll: t i: y and Blow" is an exce Derangenot t ,ently su ffer P,'",,j head, bentis es' arising P - 1 in such o °4lo ite. Such is. Thom 'nutty have vi b e restored o .ble r this admire v issor Hollool represevO t m i l with " Thefl h, an' the o' brand,' ; 711 ape me fro° o il be azin loctor. " b," replied pd li g the y he mug, an fi t. 1 a little WO° 1 1 " 4 4 les be t he id that I t /ef f first." " em out.", t he `,rument lo i r o ss chair, a nd 00 won't bai re v os n told me She izzled, so". 01 'ee.—doom Bayso g.ty I. Smith. ten. near riset er ' tart DM H, h i:‘ r id o w of do- , Sir Claudig of Lowbride rn, Charlo J. mdish-s4 u°r6 Anne► -- Char ; Are"o MC . whitnisob, my, ag ed B° ' 0 kas Co P er ' YOU S6 ' t r A c o, ON le cow° ?eel Tool • • ,outh iampt. lampt. iampt. touth•• gampt. r .. aampt• head iampt. 4• • • iampt. hampt. iampt. 1' • • sampt. ~ampt. uuspt. 50 1 IAT. r '"*. 4 X ' • G, . 4' lU4 A l 7 APRIL 25 1851. - 7 LONDON N ° .18,280,1 ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE AND EQUITABLE FIRE INSURANCE COMEANIES 26, CORNLIILL, LONDON. DIRECTORS. LAMI. E MURRAY, Esq., Chairman. *W. A. B. Bennett, Esq. *John Rawson, Esq. *Hugh Croft, Esq. *John Shaw, Esq. tElliotson, M. D„ F.R.S. t*Edmund S. Symes, Esq. *Ralph Co Esq. t*Clentent Tabor, Esq. M. C. Maher, Esq. t Joseph Thompson, Esq. *John Moss, Esq. rAugsstus Vigne, Esq. AUDITOR. tProfessor Wheatstone, F.R.S. pISISICIAN. Elliotson, F.R.S„ 37, Conduit-street. SUMMON. VPE, S. Symes, Esq., 77, Grosvenor - street , Grosvenor-s q uare. ACTUARY. t*W. S. B. Woolheuse, Esq., F.R.A.S., &C. SECRETARY. *D. T. Lyons Clanchy, Esq. SUPERINTENDENT. *jr. A. Hawkins, Esq. BANszas. f*Mesirs. Glyn, Hallifax, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street. sow:Snow, fMears. Sutton, Eweng o Omma.nney and Prudence, 6, Basinghall- Street. I W. Tatham, Esq., 22, Throgniorton-street. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE OFFICE. CAPITAL- 503 . 0001- The WITHDRAWAL TABLE of be Society affords to the As sured the greatest possible present and prospective advantages that can be conferred by Life Assurance. On tWs Table the Assured is entitled, at any time, to receive at interest an immediate advance, to the extent of one-half the amount of the paid annual Premiums, without security, personal liability; or deposit of the Pol, but by simple endorsement thereon ; or the h a lf Premium may ley De with held during the whole continuance of the Policy. Also, i in the event of the Assured at any tim e not requiring' to continue the e Policy, on its surrender one-half of the annual payments will returned by the Society. Lapsed Policies may be renewed without fine, on proof of health and payment of arrears of Premium without interest. Notices of Assignment of Policies registered and acknowledged, so as to make them available as securities in the hands of third parties. Na Entrance Foes or any other charge beyond the Policy Stamp. The present nnual income of the Society from Premiums _is 63,000/.; tne amount covered by the Policies of the Society is 1,781,5801.; and the reserved profit, applicable to future benus to the Assured, amounts to 82,4541. ss. 6d. At the last annual inves tigation, reported in May, 1850, the bonuses declared to the As sured were, the option of a return of 15 per cent. on their Premiums in cash, or a reversionary addition to the original sum assured by each Policy varying from 20 to 65 per cent. EXAMPLES OF BONUSES ALREADY DECLARED. , I 4 •An P .., nun! Iol• I cT Bonus in roma nent Re tge.i ofj Pre- I taken ; addition Bonus in ,duction o f a : , . mirm. 'slit in' to s,um Cash. Annual I—.-- Assured. £s. d. £a d. P.43rem:umd.. . 1837 292 6 9 139 16 9 22 13 1 1838 267 11 4 126 17 2 19 19 7 I ' 1839 241 18 6 113 17 7 1 17 8 8 £(£ s.d. 1 1840 193 12 6 93 16 8 40 10 I 50 11000,74 8 4 1841 189 12 6 89 510 13 811 ! 1342 162 16 8 76 18 4 11 8 3 8 1 1 11 1 1343 115 10 1 2 0 55 10 10 38 15 10 5 9 110 1184544 7 6 7 6 11: 0 u 44 10 0 4 10 1 -----_ Age; Extensive Travelling Leave granted without extra Premium Moderate extra Premium for Residence in Tropical Climates. EQUITABLE FIRE OFFICE. Capital-500, 0001 . (Incorporated under 7 and 8 Vict., cap. 110.) The leading principles of this Office are —Moderate and equitable Rates of Premium for each class of risk—Annual division of Profits. the difficulty of collecting the elements on which to proportion 'remium to risk in I.nsurance against Loss by Fire has been so -treat, that the rates at present charged are more the result of guess than calculation. It has been found by experience, that the total annual losses of the ,J,ifferent Established Companies have not been proportionate to the Amount of annual Premiums received by each. It is of the highest importance, both to the Insured and Insurers, that such an anotaaly should cease, and an approximation to the true risk be made. To secure this object the Equitable Fire Insu rance Company is established. the true rate of Premium for Fire Insurance can only be ap ,roached through Classification and Average, which has not hitherto been sufficiently acted (at. or systematically applied. Whatever be the nominal rate, the bonus or return periodically to the Insured will determine the true Premium equitably payable, as ;,..curity against loss for so great a calamity as fire, and the Insurer 's largely interested in this Question, and will consult his interest by supporting a system where, by a careful combination of Classifica tion and Aver+ge, the Premium will be proportioned to the risk. The Equitable Fire Otlace will, by a constant anal , of its own experience, from time to ti- e, adopt such rates of Premium as the eature of the risk may justify, and will decline to enter into arrange ments as regards tariffs with other offices. With this view an annual investigation will be ce made into each class of risk, and a return of one moie t y , or flay per nett excess will be made to all classes of Insurers whose Policies have been in force for three years. Insurances against Loss by Fire are effected by this Company upon every description of Pronerty on moderate terms. Farming Stock insured at 3s. per cent, without the Average Clause. Prospectuses, and every information may be obtained, on applica tion at the Office, or to any of its Agents. t National Loan Fund Life Assurance Society. * Equitable Fire. t* Both Offices. ONE PAYMENT FOR THE WHOLE OF LIFE. THE RAILWAY ASSURANCE COMPANY, for granting Assurances upon Payment of a Single Premium against Loss of Lite or other Personal Injury arising from Railway 'Accidents. Incorporated under the Act of rarliament, 7 and 8 Vie. cap. 110. Capital - One Hundred Thousand Pounds. Offices, No. 5, St. James's-street, London. PROVIDENT CLEI ASSURANCE ASSOCIAT Established in Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. Thomson Hankey, Jun., Esq. £787 10 0 112 10 0 157 10 0 157 10 0 22 10 0 78 15 0 45 0 0 11 5 0 Just Published.—Price One Shilling, _ . j]G AT EXHIBITION. A MORAL AND RELIGIOUS GUIDE THERETO, By the Rev. J. A. EMERTON, D.D. Published by Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 39, Pater noster 'tow, and may be had of ill Booksellers. Two Giant Plates-150 Summer Fashions—View of the Exhibition— Paper Models of the Ext&tion Mante'et. ..HE LADIES' GAZE'rIE of FASHION for a. MAY, price Is., contains extra , r,iinary Novelties, given in no othr ork —all the Paris Fashions—Two Giant Plates—Paper Mo dels--20 Cloaks-30 Walking Drcsses-40 Bonnets—several Ball and Children's Dresses, -with Descriptions—Large Steel View of the Exhibition—Guide to London, &c. t'ost free, six stamps extra. London: G. Berger, Holywell-street; t-itrand ; and all BooksellerS. NEW WORK ON STRICTURE AND SPERMATORRIREA. Just published, 8vo.; in cloth, price 3s. 6d., by post (free), 45., ATREATISE on the CURE of STRICTURE of the - URETHRA ; containing the True Reasons why that Disease so often assumes such an intractable character; with Rules and Instructions for the successful Treatment of every Form of Urethral Contraction, based on the results of extensive and pro longed experience. To which is added, Practical Observations on the Treatment of Spermatorrhcea by Cauterization. By F. B. COURTENAY, , M.R.C.S.L. " Those who complain most loudly are those only who know not how to use the common instruments. • : . • . . The prac tice of surgeons has been marked with all kinds of violence, and in difference about the simple cure of diseases, and a passion for operations, and all the excesses and horror of surgery."—John Bell. H. BaWiere, 219, Regent-street, London. LAURENT'S GRAND CASINO, Licensed by Act of Parliament. ARGYLL -ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL STREET, ST. JAMES'S. (Sole Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-square.) OPEN EVERY EVENING, With LAURENT'S UNRIVALLED BAND. • Principal Cornet-a-Pistons, M,Boulcourt. . . Doors open at Hitlf-past Eight o'clock—Dancing to commence at sine and terminate at Half-past Eleven o'clock precisely. —...... Admission, One Shilling. N.B.' Mr. LAURENT'S BENEFIT will take place on the Even ing of THERiDAY, May 22. THE. FIRST SPRING HOLIDAY, Fled now the sullen murmurs of the north, The splendid raiment of the spring peeps forth; tier universal green and the clear sky Delight still more and more the gazing eye. iILoomPtELD. The vernql equlnox,-which ushers in the "first spring holiday," is welcomed by all with feelings of lively emotion ; and it is not a little interesting to notice the p 1 using changes and .various preparations which attend on this season of universal festivity. In the'Gregorian, as in the Julian year, Easter is regarded as a favourite festival; and the approach of this Malay diffuses life and activity in every direction. We cannot proceed trirough the public streets without noticing the changes attendant, nor can the most apathetical observer refrain from a participation in the impulses to which the " first spring holi day" gives rise. While private residences present a re-decorated appearance, in garden and frontage ; and display in their windows hyacinths, crocuses, and other spring flowers, the more public tho roughfares display marks of renovation and re-embellishment. The trading estahlishments appear under " brighter colours," and, externally and internally, show pleasing signs of preparation. The season of Easter is a "commonwealth" of festivity—to share in which the Senate itself suspends for a term its important delibera tons. It is particularly interesting, at this season of the year, to notice the various preparations for public recreation and amusement. Hoardings are placarded with immense posters, calling attention, in colossal characters, to excursion trains, steam-vessels, concerts, theatres, fairs, and numerous other sources of enjoyment, and wher ever we look we can discover indications of the "spring holiday." Among the many customs appert dning to. this season, is that of the adoption of new attire. Winter clothing is now cast off, and articles more befitting the change of weather are assumed. iIYAM and Co. feel confident that their present spring stock will, on examination, elicit a large share of public approbation. A strict conformity to the prevalent taste in fashion— a development of imprwements entirely original—a solidity and beauty of material —an excellence of workmanship which cballenges the most minute inso' ction, and a gene ral suueriority, coupled with a positive reduc tion ix price, are the recommendations which Hyam and Co. have to urge on the attention of the public. There is no mistaking the system of T - Tyarn and Co., who, while saying what they do. take °spectra care to do what they say. Hyam and Co. are no friends to a " sliding scale " system in prices ; nor are the proprietors in the practice of advertising articles "from" one price to another. " One fixed price for one description of garment," is the rule upon which they go, and from which they have never once diverged during the long period of their Lading career. Hy= and Co., before conchiding this notice of their Spring pre parations, would make pointed allusions to their article in juvenile attire. The br'ef vacation which occurs at Easter will afford an opportu 7 laity to parents and others. having, the charge of youth, to jud;e of the neatness, beauty, durability, and cheapness of this description of Hyam and Co.'s stock.; and the proprietors trust that their offers in this (as well as in every other branch of their business) will be met with a ready acceptance. lIYAM and CO., Tailors, Clothiers, and Manufacturers. West-end Establishment, London ••.•• • • • 86, Oxford-street. City Establishment, Lon , i on ......36, Gracechureh-street. Provincial Establishments., Manchester —63, King,-street. Hull-17, Market-place. Manchester —26. Market-street, Bristol-42, Wine-street. Liverpool-63 & 65, Lord-street. Glasgow-48, Argyll-street. Birminghatn-23, New-street. Dublin-30, Dame-street. Leeds-4'i, Briggate. 13 it. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS. To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho; .4i, Fleet-street; Maim, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author , o.ce One Shilling each ; by post, ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. "health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time." CONTENTS: —Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex sursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills, Forests, Fields, high-roads, and other pleasant places—Country Grips and Ramisles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening. at Home —Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air, %est, Ease, Occupation, &c., &o. • --- - • IX. FRAGMENTS FROM TBE mOUNTAMS. Two Volt. • - Vol I. A VISIT TO TILE L&KES; sKETcH_OF EDINBURGH, &o. Vol. 11. THE LAKES OF KILLA BLINRNEY ; &c REDILNISCENCES Or DU, . . . WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID. "That three score years and ten our course may rim." A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner ?Cagy-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses the yonng, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and cm_ sitters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical regn ation of every-day life. IV. THE PASSIONS. " What passions hurt the bcdy—what improve, Truths as refined as Athens ever heard." strasicT : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties o. doentiotwes3 and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative, ind remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.. V. THE MARRIAGE. STATE. " To be or not to be, that is the question." X aonigreca :-14817Z and obligations of nature, society, and re agien regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and :hoice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, sad figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them. ehysical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion. Oases, &cc. By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), (1827), L.S.A. 1814). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these x,ettetp, Renee3 , -.:-;” boors idly till flve. Evening's. seven till nine. 10 A.ravll-eluce. Recent-street. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. LONDON, PORTSMOUTH, AND CHICHESTER RAILWAY. —Yesterday Mr. Hassis, who appeared for the official manager Mr. Wryghte, asked Master Richards to place eight gentlemen on the list of contributories as managing compattteemen. The grounds upon which the application rested was stated to be that those gentlemen had acted in the above-mentioned capacity, and had each been allotted and had paid upon 200 shares. This latter allegation was disputed, and Mr. Mogonie, the registered solicitor of the company, and who represented Mr. Mountague, one of the gentlemen whom it was now sought to fix, was examined relative t o the matter. He said that the book now produced, , called the " Allot ment Book," was, he believed, a fair copy, made up under the directions of the secretary, and consisted of the names of persons whom the latter assumed to have accepted shares. The reason why Mr. Clarkson and other members of the committee of management ap peared as having accepted and paid up'n 200 shares each was beceuse, when the panic ensued, the n3ern bars of the managing committee deemed it right, as an example to the provisional committee, to make contributions towards the expenses that had been incurred, and which contr ib u tions they thought proper to fix At the rate of 10s.. par share on 200 shares. He did not consider these contributions to have been paid under any letters of allotment, and there were some thousands of shares upon which the public had paid 10s. each anterior to the contributions of the committee of management. Mr. Harris said that if the case of the official manager rested alone upon the fact of those several gentlemen having acted, he feltconfident that that ground would be quite sufficient to induce the Master to place them upon the lint, but he was prepared to prove their aceptance of the 200 shares each, and the payments thereon. After some conversation the sitting was ad journed. EASTERN COUNTIES JUNCTION AND SOUTHEND RAILWAY. --Yesterday another meeting was held before Master Sir William Herne, for the further arrangement of the contributory list, but only one case was entered into, and this was eventually postponed. The former secretary of the company, Mr. R. Causton, was in terrogated at some length by Mr. Williams, who ap peared for an alleged contributory. This witness de posed that he had been one of the original promoters of the scheme, but that on his being appointed to the office of secretary, his interest as such had. ceased. He also stated that there had been no allotment of shares to him; but upon the production of the com pany's deed, his signature appeared as the holder of shares to the amount of 1,250/. The Master commented upon this apparent discrepancy, and required an expla nation of the circumstance from Mr. Causton, who said that, before trusting . further to his memory, he wished Mr. Smith, the solicitor of the company, to be examined on this point. Tue further proceedings were then ad journed. CONTINENTAL TRAFFIC —lmportant facilities are about to be given' to the travelling public by the South- Eastern Railway Company, who have entered into ar rangements with the Northern of France and Boulogne and Amiens' Companies, for a regular direct service daily each way between London and Paris, by special trains, to suite the tides. Among the many advantages secured by this arrangement, we may mention that pas sengers will be enabled to Leave London in the morning and reach Paris in the evening of the same day, without the inconvenience of embarking or disembarking in small boats, performing the whole journey in eleven hours, two hours only being occupied in the sea passage. THE VALLEY OF THE RHONE. THE MULBERRY AND THE SILKWORM.; (From the Chronicle.) I write from the centre of the sill:-making district of France—from the banks of the Rhone, about half-way between Avignon and Lyons. Hereabouts, near the little town of MODl6llinar, the mulberry was first planted in Frensh soil. The event took place as early as the close of the fifteenth century. An old' French agri cultural writer attributes it to the journey made by Charles VIII. to Naples. Some few gentlemen of the royal suite, remarking the richness arid klossiness of the Italian silks determined to try whether they could not introduce at home the creation of equally splendid fabrics. Accord ingly, says the old rural chronicler, *when the wars of Italy were finished, they sent to Naples for mulberry slips, which they planted in Provence, the slight differ ence between the climate of southern France and that of central Italy favouring the speculation. The experiment —whim, in fact, of the gay noblesse of the French Court—attracted probably little attention at the time, and the planters of the white mulberry trees near Mon tamer had, in all likelihood, but a ' faint idea of the grand element of wealth with which they were enrich ing their country.. I am told that old men still living have seen the crumbling trunks of these, the first French mulberries. One very ancient tree still sine vines, near a village called -Itousaet. The date of its plantation is unknown, but a species of not ungraceful homage is paid to the vegetable patriarch by the pea santry. It still produces a few leaves, but they are never gathered, for fear of exhausting the feeble remnants of sap contained in the grey old tree. The seeds or roots imported by the cavaliers of Charles VIII. flourished there bravely, and the mulberry tree now forms a very important part of the rural riches of the south of France —abounding in a greater or lesser degree from Lyons, or thereabouts, to Toulon, on the tight hand, and Tou louse on the left, and being partienlatly Iniuriant along the valley of the - Rhone and its tributaries. The mulberry is comparatively a hardy tree. It has been grown, and male annually to produce a crop of leaves, as far north as Stockholm, and it stands out stoutly against frosts which ruin the almond tree for the season, and the olive for ever. It mingles and flourishes with the willow and the oak of the north, as well as with the spice and oil trees of the south. The warmer parts of Europe are never visited with frost on the one hand, or heat and drought on the other, intense enough and long• continued enough to kill it. Of the south of France, however, the district comprised by the departments of the DrOnie on one side of the Rhone, and the Ard ec h e on the other, may be said to form the head -quarters of the mulberry tree. There not a field exists unplanted with silk-worm fodder, and the rearing of the insects, and the first stages of preparation of their produce, fur. nish most important items of agricultural industry. I n the department of the ElOaao alone, the number of mul berries is computed to exceed 3,ooo,ooo—and this inde. pendently of a great quantity of dwarf trees of the sama class, reckoned" as equal to about 300,000 more. The plantations are said to increase at about the rate of two or three per cent. per annum. The quantity of silkworm eggs annually hatched is stated to amount to about 60,000 ounces; and each ounce, in prosperous years, is computed to produce no less than from 50 to 60Ibs. of silk. The average price of a pound of cocoons is about 111 f. The average price of a pound of -pm. silk is about 241 c. each 131 b. of cocoons producing about. 11b. of silk. The total benefit computed to arise to the department by the sale of cocoons is about 5,000,0001. The sums paid for spinning the silk in the department amount to about 700,000 f,, and for performing other processes connected with the manufacture to about 1,100,000 f nearly 7,000,000 f. annually gained for the district by the labours of its silkworms. Few readers will require to be told that operations connected with the silk worm last at the utmost for oul) two months of the year, ranging from the beginning of April till the end of June. The breeding or " educa tion" of the insects is curiously universal. The formers, the peasantry, the rural ir t habitants of the villages and small country towns, and to some degree the populatior of the faubourgs of the large towns, aro all, when the season comes round, silkworm breeders. Every man, in fact, who has a patch of land, plants it with mulberry trees, and almost every man who has mulberry trees rears worms, and either spins the silk in his household or sells the cocoons. A trifling minority of farmert may content themselves with rearing the mulberry tree and selling the leaves; but the profit of producing the thread is so great, and the trouble comparatively so small—falling, in nine cases out of ten, on the females of the family—that the production of the valuable fibre is all bat universal. There are few or no regularly or scientifically con structed silkworm breeding places, although the writers on the subject are continually recommending the erec tion of ntagnannaries—so these places are called—duly ventilated, and prepared expressly for the reception and convenient breeding of the worms. Berns, lofts, lumber geirrets-h-or whati-ver outbuilding, so, thatthere be a fire place in it, which comes handiest—is used; and the ap paratus with which the place is for the nonce fitted up is, perhaps, none the less efficieat for actual working perposes that it can be cheaply come by and easily knocked up. Travelling through the district in the win ter, the only actual vestiges of silkworms which I saw were the stores of eggs for next season, commonly stuck upon folds of cloth, and looking very like assortments of small beads, but carefully folded in multitudinous wrappers of towels, and laid by in the warmest nooks of the kitchen cupboards. When the early summer time begins to vivify the world, and the mulberry leaves to get juicily ripe, the eggs are hatched—more anon of the several processes employed—and the barn, or stable, or hayloft to be employed is cleaned out and the appa ratus arranged. • The latter, as it is commonly used, it easily described. I have alluded to the huge bamboo like canes or rushes which grow in the swamps and by the river banks. These are cut, split open, and attaches together, so as to form long cane beds, about 2f feet broad, called dales. Ranges of these couches are then stretched thelvewise from one end of the barn to the other, upon a rude system of framework easily erecteo —two or more passages, according to the breadth of the chamber, being lett longitudinally for the attendants to traverse. The dairy are arranged one above the other, the lowest about eighteen inches from the floor, the others at like spaces up to the ceiling. if necessary. The place thus presents the aspect of a great barn-chamber, completely filled with long, narrow cane-work shelves, resting upon a rough extem pore framework of timber, and traversed by narrow pas sages from end to end. The worms as soon as they are hatched, are strewed along the claies, and the mulberry !eaves at the proper moment sprinkled over and among, them. Precautions are generally taken to ensure some thing like an equality of temperature. Holes are cut in the floor and walls to allow the entrance of air, and stoves are used if the nights prove cold. The attendant makes use of a short ladder to ascend to the higher dales. In some of the better class of establishments, however, a different and superior arrangement is adopted. The &cies are ranged so as to hang from the circumference of large wheels placed at each end of the apartment. By turning these wheels the ranges or shelves rise and tell; and are transferred from side to side at the pleasure of the attendant. Brisk currenet of air are thus made to play amid- the silkworm beds— a good fresh atmospheric supply being usually that which the insects suffer most from the want of— while the operator can bring each system of shelves readily to his or her hand, for the necessary cleaning and feeding of the worms. At the proper mom en t th e creatures are furnished with due facilities for spinning the valuable nest in which they enclose themselves and their eggs. Hedges, or fences so to speak, composed of the cuttings of brushwood or some such substance, are stuck erect in long lines adown each elate, supported be tween the shelves, and bristling with tough twigs and tiny forked branches. Up these the worms climb, and in them they lay their eggs and spin their cocoons. The whole structure of framework and shelf is then pulled to pieces, the brushwood hedges extracted, and the little bunches of silken film picked carefully out from amongst the twigs. The worms inside are killed by the applica tion of steam or boiling water, anti if there be a sufficient number of women in the establishment, the spinning of the fibre commences; if not, the coebens are sold to the events of the spinners and throwsterk, a ho proceed.from farm to farm, gathering in the silken' harvest of the year. The labour of attending to the silkworms during the se veral stages of their short existence is a very trying and harassing one. The operator must be continually on the alert, cleaning the dales, providing fresh masses of leaves, regulating the temperature by means of the stoves and air holes, and removing the dead, sick, or dying worms. The creatures have always to be tended the last thing in the evening and the s fi re rs e t v in en th v e is m it o e r d ni a n n g d . Where great pains are taken, they arranged during the night. This labour, in general, falls upon the women. "There is little sleep for us in silkworm time," said a bux om old lady who was show ing me her stores of eggs in a poor-looking Ardeche farmhouse. Sometimes, however, the peasants of the Cevennes, who are esteemed the most skilful silkworm breeders in France, descend from their hills at the proper season, and are employed in the larger estab lishments. In the department of the Drome it is cal culated that about six hundred k arrive every year to undertake the silkworm tending in the principal terms. They take the whole char e of the operation, from the hatching of the eggs o the production of the cocoons, and are paid about two francs per day. The women do not gain above 24 or 25 sous, although they do the work just as well as the men. The person who performs the duties of the magnannarie has also to strip the mulberry leaves for food for his or her charge —so that the office is, as may be conceived, no sinecure. The cocoons secured, the dales and their supporting framework are carefully piled up in any out-of-the way corner, ready for the requireenents of the follow ing season, and the barn or loft returns for the rest of the year to its proper employment. After the above general sketch of the manner of silk worm rearing in France, the reader will probably be willing to accompany me through some more minute de tails as to the culture of the mulberry tree, and the principal steps in the curious process of the education des very u sole. I have stated that, through tte. principal silk-pro ducing districts of France, almost ithe entire face of the country is planted with ;thin indispensable ,tree. Sometimes it is arranged in regular plantations, the corn or grass beneath being a secondary consideration; sometimes it is planted in long double or single liner, cutting the fields into narrow stripes. The regular hedges and paths, and the main and cross roads, are in variably planted with the shrub, and few farm-houses are unprovided with a sheltered corner, in or near their gardens, in which colonies of the precious seedlings are'' growing. The tree upon which all these pains are ex pended, and which brings in so rich a return, is a sufli cieetly ugly and unpicturesque-looking affair, scrubby and moppish like the olive, and so regularly cu t an d twisted, and pr une d as to destroy any thing like indi• riduality about each distinct specimen. Its principal visible peculiarity 'And the result of the mode of culture employed, is that the tree generally pre sents the appearance of a trunk, sending forth half a dozen stumps of thick branches, out short near the body of the tree, and each garnish e d w ithe a more or less plentiful and thriving crop of vigorous twigs about a yard in length, upon which the precious leaves are produced. The mulberry is generally reared from the seed. When a plantation is to be formed, the seed is gathered in June and July from old trees which have been left for that purpese unstripped of -their crop of leaves. The-germs thus obtained are flung into the water; those which float are thrown away—those which sink are saved for use. The destined spot for the plantation— the more sunny and sheltered the better—is either ploughed repeatedly, or the soil well loosened by hand labour. Manure is applied, and the ground carefully levelled. The seed is sown in May, generally along shallow furrows, about six inches broad, and covered with a thin layer of earth. Weeding and watering are not neglected during the summer and autumn, and dog grass, which an old French farmer told me he cordially hated, is very carefully rooted out. As the slips shoot up, the most thriving of them are pulled from the ground by the hand, after the fashion of radishes, and replanted in another patch of well-stirr e d, manured, and loosened earth--care being taken that the roots of each seedling are well and solidly covered by the soil. As the shrub increases in size, it is regularly pruned, to prevent it from throwing out too many branches, and the ground is very carefully cleared from weeds. Very generally, the young mulberry is. improved and quick ened by grafting. The ungrafceci slips, called sauva geons, are said to live the longest, but the grafted :mulberries produce by far the heaviest crop of leaves. The harvest yielded by the sauvageon, from the smallness of the leaven, is tedious and expensive to gather, while the leaf of the grafted mulberry is said to weigh nearly three times as much as that of the sauvageon. As the trees grow up, the soil is ploughed or otherwise worked every August, and the young shoots are pruned, so as to concentrate the sap as much as possible, and prevent the seedling from being weakened by an over-rapid growth. About the fourth or fifth year, the mulberries are dug up from the plan tation to be set in their places in the field; as yet they have yielded nothing, the scanty crops of leaves having been permitted to grow untouched. As to soil, the mul berry is by no means difficult to please. As a general rule, the fields in which the tree is planted thickly are the most middling parts of the domain. Marsh land is the only species of soil in which the tree makes no way—its growth is effected, its leaves in such situations turn yellow, and afford but a small and unwholesome supply of food to the insect for whose behoof it is reared. The mulberry is often planted along with the vine, although the propriety of the practice is a mooted point, some cultivators maintaining that the two plants thrive best in brotherhood, others that the mulberry ought always to be reared alone. As a general rule, however, it is held in the south that where the vine flourishes the mulberry will also do well. Care is, how war, at all events tekeu never to allow the latter to be wershacled by any higher-growing trees. The mul eerry loves the sun, and languishes if the golden light be not lavished upon his leaves and branches. A tree well exposed to the solar influence will, it is said, grow mice as quickly and to twice the size of one less favour ,bly situated. This being the case, the relative distance ,t which the trees may be most profitably planted be comes an important object of consideration. Average mulberries, planted at two metres or seven feet dis tance from each other, will have—so a great autho rity upon the subject calculates—not more than fifteen years of useful life. The statement, of course, refers to a superficial plantation, and not to single or even double rows of trees. The distances which ought to be kept depend, however, necessarily, in a great mea sure, upon the size of the tree ; and mulberries are of many species, growing to many different dimensions. The largest trees are sometimes planted as much as 28 feet from each other; the next largest at from 14 to 17 feet; the dwarf or coppice variety at from 6 to 8 feet ; the species used for hedge-rows, and set in a straight line, not more than a few inches apart. In localities exposed to the Rhone fogs, the spaces are advantage ously left larger. The trees are generally planted in regular squares, and it is held to be of importance to surround the field thus laid out by a species of zone or border sown with oats, barley, '-or rye, which is very generally cut down green for the cattle. Grass may be grown among the mulberries, but the plan is not recommended, and in a thoroughly well managed plantation corn is never thought of. Planting each tree at the distance of 14 feet from its neighbours, a hectare of land will contain about 720 ; at 23 feet it will contain 230; at 36 feet it will contain about 96. Previously to the trees being set in their positions, the earth is well broken up, and the sujets are planted along ditches dug to the necessary depth, or sometimes formed by large ploughs drawn by a strong team of oxen. Once Fairly planted, the mulberry groves receive two plough trigs per annum. In the smaller exploitations, hand labour is employed instead, care being always taken that he operation shall not be performed during periods of intense heat and drought. Different opinions exist as to the quantity of manure which ought to be applied to the mulberry, and the time at which it is to be laid down. Ile more compost used, the quicker the tree comes to maturity, and the sooner—so think many cultivators— it dies. Some mulberry growers manure the trees every third or fourth year. Others leave longer spaces of time notween the operations. The compost is ordinarily the usual stable litter, and is mingled with the ground either by manual labour with the hoe, or by the help of the plough. The most difficult and delicate portion of the task of the mulberry grower is the pruning of the tree, so as to cause it to produce each year the greatest quantity of the richest and the juciest leaves. So far as I can under stand, there seems to exist a great deal of pedantry in the various systems of " taille" es they are recommended end practised by different cultivators. In almost every district you will find some conventional shape, which it is held necessary to give the tree, and without which it is believed the produce would be very inferior. Mel ierry farmers indeed appear to be possessed with the idea that they can improve upon nature in arraeging the development of the branches, just as the old fashioned nurses held their swathings and bandages to be necessary to give infants a " fine figure." The more en lightened growers cut and prune the tree with a different end in view, contenting themselves with thinning the occasional over-luxuriance of the branches, clearing away languishing boughs in favour of the neigh bouring vigorous shoots, and always aiming it the introduction of as much air and light as possible Into the body of each tree. As a general rule, also, the object is to prevent the development of thick branches — upon which, of course, leaves do not immediately grow —and to encourage the abundant shoot of fresh, young clips, which summer will see clothed with the richest foliage. The pruning season in the most skilfully ma naged plantations is in the early spring, February and Al larch. Then the tree is said to sleep, and the opera . . 'ion to be far less hurtful than when the advancing spring has set the juices in active motion. Occasion ally, however, the pruning process takes place in sum mer—principally for the sake of - economy in hand la bour—the leaves upon the cut-down branches serving for the food of the worms or their dales. The methods of pruning are very multifarious. There are different tallies pursued in almost every district, by almost every proprietor, and for every different species and lge of the tree. After some study of the subject, I confess I can see little diversity in principle iu these numerous methods; and the reasons by which each cultivator recommends his system as commonly founded upon purely and minutely technical grounds, connected with the scanner of branching of various spe cies, the activity of the sep at various seasons in various Luc lides, and sundry other similar circumstances, into which I need not enter. Suffice it to say that the best faille is that which combines the richest harvests of leaves each year with the method tending most surely to hus band the resources and lengthen the life of the tree. A late improvement, only partially introduced, and adopted for the most part only by the moee extensive growers, is to leave every year either a third or a fourth of the trees unpruned and unstripped—the untouched proportion thus enjoying a rest for which the amplitude of its yield in the following season is said amply to compensate. The pruning operations, like these relating to the olive tree, give well•paid employment to a great proportion of the labourers of the district, 40 sous being a common daily wage for a tolerably expert hand. The mulberry may be made available for feeding in the second year of its growth; but it is held to be very desirable to permit its leaves to shoot and fall midis curbed until the tree attains double that age. Dwarf mulberries are commonly stripped in their third season —the intermediate class in their fourth—and the largest trees, called " plein vents," in their fifth summer. The leaves are gathered by the hand, and some pains and skill are necessary to glean the harvest satisfactorily. Careless stripping is one of the faults which a mulberry grower has most to guard against in his servants. The leaves ought to be gently removed, and not a twig is, if possible, to be brok en. As I have already said, when, as is generally the case, silkworms are bred bathe farm, the person attending to them strips the trees as the food is wanted. When the mulberries are cultivated only fur the purpose of selling the leaves, the harvest is gathered in gi3 soon and by as many hands as possible, tend dispatched to the large worm-breeding establish ments, which buy it. The second crop of leaves is, as I have also stated, invariably used, either green or dried, as fodder for the cattle. It is reckoned of importance that the gathering of the second harvest should be post poned until as late es possible. The produce of the mul berry, like that of the olive, is very various. From three to ,six quintals of leaves may be taken as the ordinary range, although trees exist capable of producing ten quintals. The price of the harvest in a great measure depends upon the general degree of success with which the silkworms have been hatched and bred. From three to five francs per quintal may be taken as including the average rate. So much for the production of the food of the silk worm. Let me now attempt some detail of the main points of the process of breeding the insect itself. According to the progress of the mulberry tree is fixed the epoch at which the eggs of the silkworm, carefully preserved daring the winter in folded cloth, are vivified. In its minutia. the process observed differs in different districts. but the general mode of proceeding is the same. • The cloth containing the ova is first soaked, the more easily to separate the eggs from their resting place, the former aro then scraped off—frequently in the Ar deche, by rubbine• one portion of the texture against the other—and heaped in a basin into which clear water is poured. This detaches the eggs from each other, the stale or spoiled ones floating to the surface. Sometimes wine is poured over the good ones after they are taken from the basin. The next process is drying the eggs, usually taking about two days, spread either upon a brieken floor or elaies of osiers. The eggs are now ready to be subjected to the warm temperature which hatches them. To manage this part of the process the rude expedient i n some cases adopted is, as I have said, for the operato r t o go fairly to bed with the ova, and hatch them by the natura l heat of the body. Closets, well warmed by stoves, are, however, m ore o ft en re sorted to, and the eggs are ranged round in small boxes upon shelves. The insects make their appearance in from three to five days, more or less, according to the de gree of heat kept up. The warmer the eggs have been kept during the winter, the more readily they vivify in spring. A common practice is to place sheets of paper, pierced, with numerous holes, over the eggs, as they begin to show signs of life; through these holes the worms crawl up. Leaves of the mulberry, or small branches of the tree, are laid upon the paper, and to these the insects speedily attach themselves, beginning from the very first to cat greedily. By the help of the twigs in question, they are carried to the dales prepared for them, in what I may properly call the breeding-room, and the " education" begins. The dales do not always consist of the split osiers I have described. In some of the best establishments well-stretched sheets of canvas are used instead. At first a small space of claie or shelf= room only is required, but with each change of skin the quantity must he enormously increased. A silkworm, 'luring its brief life of little more than a month, increases in weight upwards of one thousand-fold, four distinct -kins bursting in the process, and being supplied by wider and roomier integuments. We are now, there fore, to suppose that the little newly-hatched creatures are distributed on their shelves, either fixed or immov able, in the breeding-room. The more easily to convey a definite idea of the space and the quantity of food re quired, we shall suppose that the breeder intends to rear the produce of five ounces of eggs—a quantity requiring a large atelier and a very considerable stock of mulberry leaves. The space at first allotted to the worms ought to be from 36 to 40 square feet. It is of importance that the creatures should not be crowded. The first day they consume four meals of leaves, the whole consisting of about nibs. of the substance, selected from the tenderest and juciest shoots of the tree, end cut very small. A space of six hours intervenes between the repasts, and as a general rule the quantity of each is to be succes sively augmented. The number of worms supposed to be now feeding is about 200,000, but great numbers die off, even under the most careful superintendence. Those who eat less than the average quantity become weakly, do not increase in size, and soon perish. Generally speaking, the worms devour their allowance of leaves in en hour and a half, and then lie almost motionless till the next meal. The second day the allowance is in creased by one-half—six pounds of leaves well cut up being served out to the insect guests. The third day the quantity is again doubled, that being one of the periods of their life when the insects eat voraciously. All this time it is to be noted that the attendants keep spreading the insects out more and more, removing the , sickly or the dead, and watching the length of time the healthy take to eat; since, if the meals are devoured with more tlian average rapidity, a proportionately greater quan tity of leaves must bo supplied, and less time allowed to elapse between their repasts. The reader will thus have a notion of the continued, harassing, fidgety species of the work required. 'The nest light-handedness of women renders them generally more fitting than men for the task. On the fourth day the appetite of the creatures falls off as suddenly as it augmented, and the allowance is diminished to between 6 and 7lbs. The size of the worms has now visibly increased, and the attendants take great pains to keep them from overlaying each ether. I need hardly remark that at this, as well as at the latter stages, the atmotphere ought to be kept as pure as possible. Holes for ventilation are commonly estab lished both in the floor and roof; and the fires which are kept constantly burning night and day tend to increase the activity of the circulation of air. Still, however, in the . rudiscountry concerns, the atmospheric conditions necessary to perfect success are often neglected. A daMP fuagus-like smell broods in the dark interior, and, after their month of labour is over, the breeders come forth pale, emaciated, and out of order. To continue. It is ontthe fourth day that the first symptoms of the first change of skin or mue become evident to the practised eye of an experienced " educator." The creatures keep moving their heads, and the skin, from its strained con dition, takes a shiny appearance. Then the torpid state coshes gradually on, and by evening many of the worms lie motionless, waiting for the change. On the fifth day a very small quantity, about one pound and a half of leaves, is distributed in the vicinity cf those worms who appear not to be so far gone as their companions. The exact proportion of food given must depend upon the re quirements of the insects, ascertained by the close watch tulness of the attendants. In the night the change of skin frequently takes place, many of the worms appear ing in their new garbs next morning. The creatures are now about four lines in length, and of a dark ashen colour. The next important process, and one which is repeated at each of the tour changes, or commencements of ages, is to transfer the worms to fresh and larger beds—of course cleaning the couches which the animals have already occupied. There are different modes of accomplishing this process. One much in vogue is to spread branches of mulberry over the creatures, which cling and stick to them.. The loaded twigs are trans ferred to little trays or platforms, the operation being conducted as gently as possible, in order to avoid hurting the insects, which are then deposited upon fresh leaf strewn ' and the twigs which served for their re moval taken away. A newer and better method has, however, been adopted by a few of the most skilful breeders of the Ardeche. I saw the apparatus employed in the beautifully-fitted magnannerieof M. Giraud, the pro prietor of the fine old feudal castle of Chateaubourg, one of the most striking objects upon the right bank of the Rhone in nearing Valenco from Lyins. The contrivance consisted in sheets of pierced pasteboard, fitted to the size of the &ties.' These, covered with leaves, are placed over the worms; the creatures climb to the upper surface, and are carried away, to be laid upon new claies ; the process being repeated at the next age, while the sheets successively soiled, being thus de serted, are easily freshened and cleaned, and made tit for further use. The first day of the second age the worms must bo ranged upon a square, comprehending about 74 feet. A gentle movement of the head is the signal that they aro up, stirring, and ready to resume their career of mul berry• leaf devouring. A meal is accordingly served out after they have been about an hour and a half on their new shelves. During the day the creatures eat about nine pounds of leaves, and are usually brisk and lively in their movements. On the second day of the second age the al lowance of leaves is increased at once to thirty pounds, administered as usual in four repasts, with six hours interval between each ; great care is taken that the quantity consumed by each worm shall be as nearly as possible equal. When an undue concourse of insects to any particular point takes place, the surplusage is lifted upon twigs and set down iu more thinly inhabited parts of the claie. The third day of the second age the worms eat about 33Ibs. of leaves. In the morning they are ravenous, and devour the greater proportion of the quantity. Towards evening their appetite falls rapidly off, and symptoms of t or p idit y be g i n lapin to appear, the Worms lying listlessly upon the leaves, holding their heads erect, and refusing aliment. Next day —the fourth of the second age-91bs. of leaves; provide for the wants of those insects which have not al rea dy b ecome torpid. During the day they fall asleep by thousand's; end; as in the case of the first change, they burst their skins for the most pars in the night. The w now 'six lines in length. Af ter th e first change, orra 3,240 weighed weighed an ounce. Now 610 suffice to balance the weight. As these changes take place the m more matter, and requir e mo re a i r a t a lowwoerrtse‘mxpcerreate. ture. The ventilation therefore is, o r ought to be, care fully attended to. Upon attaining the third age, the space to be allotted to the insects is about 174 square feet, they are thoroughly wakened up It is a sign that they move their heads and bodies, in curio ustundulating sweeps, when breathed or blown upon. T notnenon is held to be the symptom occurrence of this phe of their entry upon the active period of th e i r age. The first day 1.51b5. 1 of leaves, and as many of tender young twigs, are sup plied. The assistants now wear baskets suspended from their necks, c onta i n i ng carefully over a ll th e ca t ies. F ' During f'ood whtiheeh day they as muchdistrib asute 60Ibs. of leav es are distributed, and the worms increase in size very fast, their dimensions becoming visibly greater every hour. The second day they eat 901bs. of leaves, the greater proportion being given in the evening. The attendants must now be busy enlarging the space which the worms occupy, and separating each as much as possible from its fellow. Tee third day nearly 1001b5. of leaves are consumed, the greater quantity during the morning. Towards night the insects are relapsing again into their periodical time of stupor, but, sleeping or wak ing, their bulk continues to increase steadily. The fourth day 521bs. of leaves suffice. By evening many of the insects ere asleep; those which still show symptoms o£ a desire for food are fe d, little by little, h sprinkled handfuls of leaves — a tedious and harassin g operation. they Fur the fifth day Villas. of.leaves are neces t s h a is ry t . im O e On sixth day all the worms are torpid. By have increased to the length of twelve lines' and small legs and claws have developed themselves. Daring the lamer part of the third op, the pattering of their little claws upon the leaves, as the insects climb upon them to TRUSTEES. The Right Hon. Earl Fitzwilliam. I The Common Sergeant. The Hon. Henry C. gpenecr. Charles Hopkinson,`Rsq. The distinctive feature of this Company consists in the sufficiency of ONE PAYMENT to cover an Assurance for the WHOLE OF LIFE. The first is the only expense and trouble, there being no annual re newa lof premium. By granting Assurances to Passengers only, and excluding all those persons in the employ of Railway Companies or Contractors among whom the heavier risks occur, the Directors of this Com pany are enabled to issue Policies at a lower rate of premium than is offered by any existing Company. Upon proof being given that a party assured has met with his death by railway accident, the Company will pay to his representa tives the full amount of his Policy. If the accident shall result in personal injury only, the Company will pay to the assured a fair compensation for such injury. Assurers have the op tion of travelling in carriages of any class, and on any railway in the United Kingdom. The Directors are now granting assurances upon the following terms, viz. : For every Policy of 1001. Cl. ss. For every Policy of 1 , 000 /. 21. 2s. „ 5001 11. 55, 1 tf f Of 2 , 0001. 41. 4s. Agents are appointed in all the principal towns of the United Kingdom, through whom Assurances may be effected. W. W. WILLIAMS, Secretary. RKS' MUTUAL LIFE CION and BENEVOLENT FUND. London, 1840. ;TEES. W. Prescott, Esq. Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P. This Association offers the following advantages : The Mutual Principle of Assurance. An Equitable Rate of Premiums. Division of Profits every five years on Policies of three years' standing. The Division of Profits up to 31st December, 1847, averaged 33 per cent. on the Premiums payable for the next five years. All Policies Indisputable, except in cases of fraud. The sum assured may be MADE PAYABLE to the WIDOW, WIDOWER, or CHILDREN, WITHOUT ANY DEDUCTION for PROBXTE or LE , 4ACY DUTY, and FREE FROM ANY OTHER CHARGE WHATEVER. By order of the Board, PHILIP HENRY BYRNE, Secretary. 42, Moorgate-street, March 29, 1851. Parties desirous of becoming Agents for Towns where none have been hitherto appointed, are requested to make application to the Secretary. UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASST COMPANY. Established by Act of Parliament in 1834. 8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall, London ; 97, leorge-stree 12, St. Vincent-place. Glasgow; 4, College. green The bonus added to policies from March, 1834, December, 1847, is as follows : RANCE Edinburgh; Dublin. to the 31st Sum 'Sum added to' xssure,L i Time Assured. Policy inlB4l Sum addedto, Polieyin 18481 su a m t D p e a a y t a h b . l e £5OOO 13 years 10 mths 5000 1 year 1000 12 years 1000 , 7 years 1000 1 year 500 12 years 500 , 4 years 500 1 yeir £6470 16 8 51'2 10 0 1257 10 0 1157 10 0 1022 10 0 628 15 0 545 0 0 511 5 0 Le most moderate scale, ant t lave years when the In• ion to the Resident Direc mdon. :organ, Lilway. £638 6 8 100 0 0 50 0 0 ------- The Premiums, nevertheless, are on thi only one-half need be paid for the first s 'ranee is for Life. Every information afforded on app licat tar, No. 8, Waterloo -place, Pall-mall. Lc METROPOLITAN COUNTIES and GENE RAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2.7, Regent-street, Waterloo place, London. TRUSTEES. Spence Horatio Walpole, Esq., Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P. P . Edward Yansittart Neale, Esq. Henry Peter Fuller, Esq. DIRECTORS. Samuel Driver, Esq. I Thomas Littledale, Esq. John Griffith Frith, Esq. Edward Lomax, Esq. Henry Peter Fuller, Esq. Samuel Miller, Esq. John Palk Griffin, Esq. Edward Vassittart Neale, Esq. Peter Hood, Esq. Sir Thomas N. Reeve Capt. Hon. G. F. HOIYIRED, RN. William Studley, Esq. Life A surances, Annuities, and Endowments. Three-fourths of profits divided amongst the assured. Prospectuses, post-free, on ap plication. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Manager. IN SIX LANGUAGES —FORTIETH EDITION. CONTALNLIai THE REMEDYASE FOR THE PREVENTION OF DISE. Ilustrated by One Hundred Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Stew.. OS PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE. A New and Improved Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, price 2s. 6d. by post, direct trom the Establishment. 3s 6d. in postage stamps, A.ll Communications being strictly conidential, the Authors have disc , ntinued the publishing of Cases. THE SILENT FRIEND, a Me dical Work on . the exhaustion and physical decay of the system , p roduced b y as .essive indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of 7 r o e w ur e y, with explicit directions for the use of the preventive lotion, t l ito. u nga . nwd G . l nti, bz . poprltoveurveynattaiintondsnoeloun"thlae9t Illustrated b arii il e co d ros- S cs t ot a rl t e : eur , t a ,eo n a d lEr t ,)n h r4 e dr. d as i l s .ri q ne i al ts: l L fL o c ßn a ;_ Lon don. Published by the Authors • and sold by Strange, 21, Pater noster-re-a ; Hannay, 63, Paw I. treats et the aria don, 146, Leadenhall-street, the consequences resulting s fl; t • o h s tn t e em r e e z: organs, and is illustra.Md by I:2ll,o3B4:ol.pr,hylsso:o,loogxfyord-street ; and Gor don, and their lamentable effects on the of. PauT 11. treats of t' ' Coloured Engravings. p c per excessive i c ;o r; n us ath eacitement, and generative mental and bodily weakness, E n . e e an s rdescuolntittlgrYa contains rl Engravings.infection, second ary iOtiOn is illustrated by 62 Colo p rv l: explicit directions for incPaaapaVll.l. treats ialsr o at f ed the by d fo i l ae r x thetheir treatment.or T escape the reader's 154 FLIT nr• contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease Engrav simple application, by which the danger of infection by a is obviated. This important part of the Work should not notice. y employed in PAr.T V. is devoted to the consideration of marriale a n d its ~,„ -----,,-, , , i NEW METHOD OF 1! IXING LEECHES.—Dr. Rennes, ties. The causes of unproductive union are also co- • ••,i' --- a-1 °red, and the member of the French Academy, states that the most rapid ,hole subject critically and philosophically inquired i n t o . • Tus COUDIAL BMX OF SIRIACUM is exclusivel treaZlng nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., 1 Is. and 335. way of setting leeches is to itntnerse them for a minute in very weak wine and water—it should be warm, however, as per bottle.. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, remedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary Paris, aso an anti-syphilitic this produces the greater stimulus. In the Hotel Dieu, at somewhat similar plan has been practised for some symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 1 Is, and ssa. per ;time, namely stee in , a handkerchief in pure wine, and pla .,, mg the leech-s in it, pressing bottle. Ferry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I is.. . , p .0 . them tightly, and then per box, a certain remedy for gonorrhcea, gleet, stricture, and chronic Inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, apk.iying them to the part. 11. A minute detail of the case is required: age, habits, and poet- AMERICANISHER —The New York Herald informs ns that one Adam Dame, convicted of murder at St. Louis, Una In society. 51. Packets, with advice, to be had at the Vete blieemont OOP,. by wilien_ . the fee, IL, is saved. Messrs. Perry, , on Sun lay, frua ,he outlives his imprisonment, he will be as "old as (his has been sentenced to serenty-five years of imprisonment. If are In attendance daily at 19. Reimers-Eared, Oxford-street, Lon- , don, from Eleven till Two, and Five to Fight; namesake) Adam." Eleven 14 one. [PRICE SD. ' At - the commencement of the fourth age, the worms re quire a square space of not lesa than four hundred and twelve feet, and the imoortance of fresh and pure air beeames greater from clay to day. In some establish ments the previous stages of life have been passed by the worms in a smaller atelier than the great one to which they are now removed; but this plan is by no means needful, and is only resorted to by very scientific breeders who pay great attention to the atmcnpheric re quirements of their charge. El general, the animals spin their cocoons upon the claies, and in the chamber to which they were transported from the hatching room, while in many instances one single apart ment only has been employed for the whole process. The worms eat on the first day of the fourth ago about 1001bs. of leaves and tender branches. Their removal to their fresh claies employs several people, as it is :of importance that the work should bo well and speedily performed. In this age the leaf is given without being , cut, as in the previous stages, and the worms are gene !! rally thriving, vigorous, and full of life, climbing shee Lively upon the leaves. The skin of the creatures is gradually growing white. Oa the aecend clay of the fourth age lehlbs. of leaves are given in uhequal Wes tions, the last meal being the largest. The nest day.. 225 . 1b5. of leaves are distributed, arid the , third day; 25elbs.; the three first repasts being aboutlslbs. weight each, . The worms are now quite .an inch, andel half lone. Oa the fifth day ;of the fourth age. the appetite • falls off, and only 1 28Ibs. of leaves are distributed, the fiwrorstmmsebaalvebefianigienthfoet the most Towards • everting the most part asleep, and , Bslbs. of leaves suffice for the few who feel in a lively condition next morning. The change of skin takes place as usual in the, night, the insects being now so large that thirty five of them• weigh an ounce. Straw fires are lighted so as to produce great blaze with little heat, • and other means are taken to stir and purify the air, as the worms are now undergoing their change to vie ' fig th and last, c a e n l d l: n a c fsez im portant es, tThe es; the fifth ages already past 'are iespe gtiztese. rez f is- th e gra nge r freze, and upon the progress thel made by the insec ts depends in a great measure the success of the, ',e g g- d i ng . In the fifth age the worms are grown so large, and the quantity of food consumed is so great, that unless proper precautions be taken the air of the tnee'etasol e ye ee becomes offensively putrid. In too- many instances these precautions are either neglected or inefficiently observed, and the worms and their keepers both suffer the bad con sequences. On the return of vitality a square place, of near 920 feet of dales is necessary for the accomnehda tion of the inn e r * : I ou - ht to observe that,- 111 ir6ng ing them on their new beds, after each change of rkin. they do not occupy the whole additional space at hlce• Room is left for spreading them out, as they wax thicker and longer, the, creatures being generally arrangej at each end of the claie with a vacant space in the centre. On the first day of the fifth age the worms take in twig's and leaves, about 180Ibs. of food. The second day at least 2701b5. are furnished, the last meal being the greatest. The worms are growing rapidly, and becoming white. The third day the mulberry allowance is 4201bs.—the last meal consisting of about 1 201hs. Many of the insects are now 26 or 27 lines long. The next day they consume about 5401b5. of leaves, waxing strong and vigorous, and the length increasing, to 32 or 3 3 lines. The fifth day sees 8101bs. of leaves devoured, besides which small extra allowances are frequently given if the animals seem. unsatisfied._ The next day the worms attain the. height .of their- degustatory prowess, eating very nearly I,ooolbs. of leaves, spread over five or, six meals. Many of them are pow more than two inches in length. The seventh day 9001ba. of leaves are given —the quantity at each meal decreasing. On this day the creatures attain their greatest size and vigour—sixteen worms weighing an ounce ; their weight having in seven: days increased fivefold, and their length become at least double. The eighth day they require only 6601b5. of food. They are now going down hill in appetite, weight, and vigour, and are as suming a yellowish tinge, which denctes the approach of perfect maturity. The ninth day 5001bs. of food suffices. Oa the tench day the insects commonly show symptoms of desire to weave their cocoons. They climb upon the leaves without eating, move their heads as though seeking . eomethiag, and b eg i n. to crawl to wards all perpendicular surfaces. The dales upon which the cocoons are spun have then to be set up. I have already explained, in general terms, that they con sist of furzy branches of small twigs, arranged upright between the dais, so that, the worms can easily climb into theme The skill of the attendant is shown in arranging the claies so as to cause them to be as slight an obstruction to the ventilation as possible. The meals aro now greatly reduced. Over feeding has a tendency to retard the desire to mount the claies. Twigs and small sticks are now scattered all along the c tales, so that the worms crawling upon them are easily. d istinguished, and are moved at once to the bottom of the brushwood rows. As a general rule, healthy worms finish their cocoons in three or four days after they have set fairly to work; but in general the task of gathering does not commence until the eighth or ninth day after the insects have begun to climb. In large establish ments several hands are usually employed in the task. Of the whole quantity of cocoons about the sixtieth part is kept for use sake of the eggs for next year. A pound of cocoons gives an ounce of eggs—in some cases even more. These are, of course, kept till the chrysalis makes his way in his new butterfly dress through the gnaws' silk. The creatures are for the most part too weak to fly, and after the female has been impregnated and has deposited her eggs upon cloth spread out for the purpose, the brief but usual life 'of the longest - surviving silkworm' is over. The others have been stifled in the cocoons, and their silken web spun off from around them. The rules of feeding which I have given above are those observed by the most successful breeders'of Italy and France. It rill be readily :seen that the exact weights of food adduced are slightly added to or dimi nished according to the varying circumstances of each particular case. The general result, however, as to the quantity of food and the quantity of silk, may be thus stated. About 1001bs. of leaf gives nearly 81E4. of cocoons; 8113 s. of cocoons give about 18 ounces of pure cocoons, deducting the worn and all impurities; and these 18 ounces of pure cocoons give about 8 ounces of spun silk. The proportion of the weight of the cocoon to that of the leaf is thus about 1 to 90; the proportion of the spun silk to the weight of the leaf about 1 to 150. The price of cocoons range per pound from 2 francs to 2i francs. In the breeding of silkworms the metayer system is not uncommon; the farmer finds the work, and the pro prietor the leaves—the two dividing the proceeds.. France annually produces about 8,0007000 kilogrammes of raw silk, and of her 84 departments, as many as 60 grow mulberries, to a greater or less exttnt , for the use of the silkworms bred within them. THE GREAT EXHIBITION, (From tho Expositor.) The following suggestion from a pamphlet published this day, entitled " A Moral and Religious Guide to the Great Exhibition," by the Rev. J. A. Emerton, D. P ., Principal of Hanwell Collegiate School, appears to us worthy tho deep consideration of the Royal Executive Committee of the Great Exhibition. The inscription, " Glory to God in the Highest," entirely forbids the chance of any m-n, whatever his peculiar reli g ious opi nions may be, taking offence. The m otto is the sugges tion of one who combines the rare character of a ver y worthy and high-minded divin e with that of a lib eral May let a flag of l arge it the i nscr i pt i on. GLORY TO GOD IN TH E HIGHEST. It wo uld add to the citizen of the world:— dim " e A ns t io tb n e s obpueuriauivi,n f t Ist ,p , of utn a effect if, at tbe moment it was elevated, all the other 'cg the various kingdoms flags represent' and nations of the earth were lowered and again raised when affixed ' i t , p l ace .. This might be repeated, if thoughtla advisably, every morning. The Mgt religious mind would be thus in asmuch as it would be tamest a literal fulfilmentsatisfied' prN - liction, ' All kings shall tali down of the nations shall do Mai service,' wbilsttherehelore Him, all he Catholic or Protestant, Greek is no one, be Mehemet, or disciple of Confucius,or Jew, follower of wh o w his God." would not join in the adoration COURT CIRCULAR. Vi 7 INDS,KURSDAY, The Queen and his Royal Highness Oß Prince Albert walked tttis morning in the slopes. The Royal Family took their usual airings. The Queen and his Roy al Highness Prince Albert retie ou t on horseback this afternoon, attended t.v the i, Hon. Mis s M ac d onald, Lieut.-Col. Hon..C. 13, Phipp s ' and Colonel Buckley. The Queen and Prince Albert also rode back i n Wi ndsor Park, yesterday afternoon , as est:Al. Tileir Roy a l Highnesses the P r iuccss Royal and put attended o n horse- Princess Ali ce took an airing in a P opy eariiage this afternoon. Royal Righness Prince Albert, Princess Po 1 d e Su an The Queen and hie s the with their Royal H the Ladies and G-en- Princess Alice, and attend: c l od for some time en the highnesses by tlernvit in waiting, promenaded afternoon. The unfavour prevented the Queen, Prince, able state of the weather prevented Eastern Terrace, on Tile: pp the Eastern Terrace on and Royal Family walking Monday afternoon* ,„ private band attended after dittaler Her Atia.iv e l - s d a y) evening, a n d yesterday (We-on:— followin,g select' ~ performed the Overture; ~ ',p i neal ... ... . Auber. t s et) •• Dio lusti gen Welber Finale (fire von ~ ~ N e i Silenzir" Core, Windsor ... ... Otto Nieolai. Moyerbeer. A deputation, including Mr. Hastie, M.P., Mr. Mar, and Mr. Graham, had au interview with the Corncob sioners of Railwz.ys yesterday, at the office of the Board of Trade. Dispatches were sent off yesterday from the Colonial- Islands, an d Colonial office to th e Lord Mgh Commissioner of the lonian Ceylon and were s,!so sent off to the GoTernon of to the Governor of Malta. Dispatches 'long-Kong. Mr. Henry Berkeley, the Member for Bristol, has received a requisition from his constituents, to deliver a lec ture in Bristol on the subject of the Ballot. The [lon. Member was to deliver his lecture on Wednesday evening, and has made it a condition that it should be for the benefit of the new hospital about to be erected in that city. An. importation having taken place by a vessel from liamburgh, of an article called caput mortuum, being a manufacture, and • liable to an ad valorem duty as such, it was found, on being submitted to the opinion of competent parties in the trade, to be rusted iron obtained from the head of .retorts, and s ubsequently manufactured by sotne process into a painter's colour, and therefore chargeable with the ad valorem duty of ten per cent., as a manufac tured article.