The Sun. — London, England, 1850-10-17 00:00:00

EAST and WEST INDIA DOCKS. Notice is hereby given, that all Ita , ,-gage and Presents, &C. &c., lying at the. Eaggage Warehouse, East or West India Docks , landed previous to th'e let .I:nuary, 1849, mill be sold for payment of charges, unless the same shall be pail on or before the 15th No, !,elaber next. Li s t s o f t h e said Goods may be inspected at the li aggage Warehonses, Eastern or Western Dock. By order of the Court of Directors, GE COLLIN, beck llouse, No. 8, Billiter•square, GEO October 11, 1850. Secretary. OTIC'E is hereby given, that PETER AINNCHEE, of No. 129, Curta.m-read, in the county of Mid cablne'-maker, hath, by Indenture, bearing date the 21st day of September, 1850, ass i gned over all his personal estate an d e ff ec t s said unto Auguitine Ilellettl; of West India Dock-road, In the aid etunty, timber -merchant John Furneaux, of East India - road , It? the said county, timber -merchant, and John Holmes, of Cominer ell-road,. Pimlico, in the sa id county, clerk to proprietor of saw !adds, for the equal benefit of such of the creditors of the said Peter Wanchee, as shall ale , ute the said Indenture, or assent thereto in withln two I . tionths front the date thereof, ' and that the said t lnd enture was duf f executed by the said reter Alanchee, on the said ist da y of septenitier last and by each of the said trustees ugus enPet e ll m e Iblee•tti, .Joint Furneaux,. and John Holmes, on , the , 24th . da .„ . ,,, 0 , f lin Henry r last, in tt e pretence of, and attested by the undersigned ;ray of Taylor, of ' , in. 15, south-street, Finsbury-square, in the attorney-at-law ; and notice is hereby also „vett, that the same Indenture now :lea at the °dice of the under .giled, situate at No. 15 South street, Finsbury-square aforesaid, w the I •nsPection Mid execution of tit. creditors of the said Peter s en C. and that such (A - them who shall neglect to execute or as vittato the same on or before the 21st day of November next, or ii-such nuttier time, not exceedin,; thirty days. tra-ta, the sail than* by writing tinder their re-pective bands and seals de re, win be excluded train all benefit under the said Indenture. J. 11. TAYLOR, Solicitor to the Trustees, 15, South-street, Finsbury-square. October 12, 189 0, FORD'S WELLINGTON FAMILY and .1-,;,,, .cOIIAIERCIAL HOTEL, DALE-STREET, LIVERPOOL. Docks`lo and situated in the immediate vicinity of the Exchante. In Ilrs_t-,..rate , and other places of public and commercial resort, Is fitted n a p s Well i stYle, and the accommodations for American,. Foreign, w h „„ 4 lt . g Lill strangers, will be found everything that is desirable, , coc z the arrangements of the "Cuisine" are in the hands of a first-rate a n A n_ jbe Proprietor urther wishes to intimate that his Cotree 11,___mti,l,natnercial Rooms, as well at Sitting and Bed Rooms, will be e r opnd to none M the kingdom. (except those Who n b r a : C harges for servants are included In the Bill . Ind it iii "aY , 4 . 4 ., f nr hours), viz., Waiter, Porter, and Chambermaid, nessary. reari— " L aY intimated that all further payment is unne- GAME Q beg ,SEASON.—CROSSE and B L ACK continue iestY, beg L . purveyors in Ordinary, by appointment to her Ma ..ropeett Ull3 , to inform tne nobility and gentry that they be r ound ',.'!! MahUfacture the celebrated SOHO SAUCE, which will ts ea . o ' o 0 7Derlor for every description of game ; also their impr . ov. for 5 0i i, r eal G orgona-Anchovies, Dinmore's Essence of Shri , mps, for cone'iland fried Ash, Royal Table Sauce, Sir Robert Peel's Since of all the Ill e Whole pUr P °B ea, Anchovy Paste. Strasburg l'otted Meats, &c. abbabod of the above, together with their superior pickles. may be `'lanefact Principal sauce venders throughout the kingdom. ......_______ 01 7, 2 1, Siho-square, London. Established 1706. .4E„,clirs DESKS, WORK-BOXES, and that i s 'EA-criEsTs 4, Leadenhall-street, London,• combine all by h irri 'UPerb and thew ! P, ith the most approved patterns, inverated je,lf; m anufactured en his own premises, where may _be seen bressi"nt,,the richest specimens in the world of I'apier Mache Goods, rich car cases , B agatelle-tables, Ivory Chess-men and Chess-boards, i attnTif:iaczi.a.s.te:ileTtablets, and, in fact, everything for the woryabb displayed in a style 'of.elegaire not surpassed y Castet stugdom. Mecht is the sole and original inventor of the Ita zor at,!d To oth-brushes, Magic Strop and Paste, the Peculiar Steel Port 4 C ushioned Bagatelle-tables, and various Improvements in . . e and Dressing-cases combined. WRA.T OF THE WEST? Il lation Th e Public will naturally expect to receiveEsoNmue which h ims se ivrith reference to that OPENING at the WEST . .- It eri , ° , n g been a topic of interest with all classes of socie.y. t n h a o r u y t c s o mmen t Pass by not be expected that the result of so vast a project should tiuti: 7orwil'i Peculation—an every-day undertaking—might re with ,la.s.sueh announcement ; but an event like that in connexion ter t‘ ' B IOSES and SON'S WEST END BRANCH is of a charac- Priet n — r ° t alPortant to escape especial notice, which notice the pro- The a are fully prepared to bestow. wisortantEdlaGtell, Thllreof OCTOBER and the days following that im proved successful beyond exaggeration. All the car 'est ant leiPations which the Proprietors indulged have been boutltietely realise. The pulse of the public has been felt, and there ps?he pig, namely, that in the opening .. of .. k k , ru e and SON'S West End Branch Establishment, a DESIDE- Tht:l4lilas.been unquestionably supplied. an ~. , silra of OCTOBER, 1850, was regarded by all parties as e We....ilortant conjuncture in the Trading transactions of th intfern locaiffy ; and long before the Opening Day arrived. public Thei'',Zaeil. their own interests as intimately connected with this s e pe n c e u e - - ' , lent e ' r a9l many were the inquiries as to the probable commence- Were premises Were unfitt busmess of the Establishment, while yet the on th nished. that ° bay of Opening a feeling of excitement prevailed similar - to s>t oe,a.t.tenaing the opening of some public edifice; and the Eighth ve syr , l L ?, h er Passel off as a day of the mest triumphant success. B. iwons la unchedUtnid the smiles of an aPproving public ; and . tife o 1 I'S and SON had more than sufficient to warrant them . in Jlusioa that they had not taken a wrong step in embarking in Th e \ , s sarY a speculaton. cou rse at concourse of people around the New Premises the is Wit' out precedent in that locality), was an evident sign of burst üblle feeling on the subject; and the frequent cheers which f • rein the multitude told plainly that the opening of E. MOSES . ana s o Port ant ' was hailed as an advantageous improvement at that im ,,,,,ePart of the growing metropolis. 0 ,,:.'_" „ 1 , b the most encouraging proofs of public approbation were Wind Winter ; table out-of-doors ; while crowds pier day long were pressin N ew Premises anxious to catc glimpse of the elegant . • Th_., l ashions arranged in the capacious windows, the Establish . — 5,; , , , ,• Its interior was a scene of equal animation. enlliiiStelro::Wwi-lIIOOONIS and the various departments were thronged gazed with mingled wonder and pleasure at the beauty and aec ommoilation of the arrangement of the premises. ' ilvery b od .. e l e .,._ e Y was satisfied, and but ono opinion prevailed as to the v i e " n " t a t e e t tinhe various portions of the Establishment being subser- Nor t_ this aoire essential purposes of public accommodation. . Li tAx( 3 /E 1• Bad the numberless parties who visited the NEW • item thali w p irt , , , S n r ? ATAL ISHMEN r of E. MOSES and SON done no incidence unee their a pprobation of the premises, or their co- Li tai Pram.' t 7 • have had wherewel e ors views, E. MOSES and SOI( would But the favour thal to Coors themselves. tangible form, of the public was evinced in a more sterling and The ORDER-BOOKS ' were tal es of success whie _ .in the BESPOKE DEPARTMENT told One continual succe4; highly encouraging to the Proprietors. ATTIRE 4fnue llee ill t E °n °f important orders for the WINTER MODE' and SON, from persons of rank and ar,,,.,.. _ , ‘a 4 II Igu 1s hied [the opening and succeeding day- of the "iT„,..-Bl_lt. .. CII STABLISHMENT. ttpt ;:_, 1 i:ADY-MADE DEPARTMENT was equally favoured, fro m , I 'll t it any impulse arising from the novelty of the . opening, but 4 4 adl.rrin reliance in E. MOSES and SON'S principles, and . fro f m M e , e ". a., i Mien created by an inspection of the elegant fashions n o i r . mated ". The West End has not displayed a trading scene so a , The7)", °h llsY—since it has been a peopled locality. t e xtraordinary 01 th e a ,v e lling has proved altogether one of the tnos 14 a nYttP l ' ell trade, and if the Proprietors appear to be Indulging 4Unlning like extravagance of terms n must be attributed to the s It w fl l an event which certainlycanno r t re be exaggerated. n it in said be impossible for the d p t r e i n et it o y rs — t t o he rep an re s s e e li n it t e th im ei po r o ss p i e n n i.. - ility....Pa :lowing colours. the Whi ch 's to art eenvey an adequate v Idea o x f F t o h t e m exir T a i o t r E i' E in T a . ry result It 5i,,,.-_•eaded their opening in NEI\ O. auch;tiew r emains for them to melte . th a a u t a d c e k se n r O ‘ w e l s ,.dgment which Th e is . s . e ess, aS a matter of course,. 6° jc •kn y owledgment must appear item ti,:"Passibility of making a dao Id ho ..7 encouraging facts above recorded. Any Nerbal manifestation of gratitude (however warm) could, in aterei cioti Y: malice as an acknowledgment under circumstances so F sa t, lt e l anCi•ile unable to tender due thanks in words, the . Proprietors koreZ antageous to the public. vePPortunity of showing their grateful feelings in a manner %Zile Thousands who have aided their New Breech Establishment lag a toning,;r o it „," have had con , hieing proofs of the benefits result cens;' 'Purchase of E. 1110,ES and SON'S Attire. by t - ,, ' fl eing proofs have been afforded that the statements made ~, "'Proprietors are established beyond confutation. 4l•l,,aertbieles of WINTER ATTIRE, fashonable, durable, and cheap, e er bought as advertised and those equ table , principle , s t to r ,,°_ . p. acted upon which cannot fail to benefit the I üblic . , ai. t l arg 4 e 7e if,. MOSES and SON in the estimation of the community a tablishwizikenii,uitiig. i‘ainodseExstendisig By ent' • the advantages at their Branch Es „sent and SON hope to make that ackuowledg- It 1 ieh, in words, they are unable to make. dra , ,,,:,, 1 " a often the case, that an opening stock is " got up" as " a a ~ falling inl that the Public have, after a time, to regret and censure Wh en .: o . l r. ' But experience with E. MOSES and SON, else way appli4tjOTlVince every candid person that such is not in any stunt enlea, e to the present Proprietors, who make it their con- Their PAo..u.r so to act as to improve upon acquaintance. SREIT IEI E a s f d r a ° , I T,AE• and their BRANCH lIOUSES in Is not e c n o s n u t r zi p t e c nn ted a b n : —F°lll3, are proofs that one day's practice upon permanent Y that of another. conti opening of their New er lii p r i neins ,, B l l l 3 . Pert, they are ever resolved . on acting nuance and i n e';‘-'7 this, they tru.t will gain them a of that support which distinguished the Metropolis. oucher which the Public ,lipoptertbeersloobsirnsillgtlit Establishment at the West End of the the Proprietors [viii 80N thank their Manner, they are resolved to ef g . lven of their " good will" to While E. MOSES AND Dower, a continuance of that he most hearty and respectful Merit. by every possible means in their taunt a commencement. aid vehich secured for them so trium ..—__ 1r in. L AIIEII . ON TIIS -- SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH BUM . AND ATURITY.— vran E 4 C OLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON fast Publishelianal_ may be had he French or English, in a Sealed Envelope sitarnim, , 2 • fid., or post-free, from the Author, for forty-twoELF-PREsERvATION; a the .. Medical Tr eatise on th e P hysiology of Marriage, and on a ir s cr et Infirm ities and Di sor d ers of Youth and Ma.nrity, fee the ph.,.aegalred and m at am early period 61 life, which debilitate ii„2_. a cal ental powers, diminish and enfeeble the natu i ra l eb t 4 a , ti iid exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical Neh ether 01 )5 on the Treatment of Nervous Debility and Indigestion, o atrictur *Gi'leal arising from these causes, close study, or the influence .. f climates: Local and Constitutional Weakoes ll nd u i l s : t retio n e ' anc l all Diseases and Derangements resulting Ait,t4„; With Forty grg, %XillaihiY' rt lYslologY and Diseases of the Repro li d l u u c s ti t t Injutio—nß their strne ' turos uses, and functions, and e an fromve i n' v gr a g it tb o n u se s ' lefeetioillAt are produced in them by solitary habits, excesses, d , BY SAMUEL LA MERT, M.D., becto,,,fl. BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON. _,.. n. burgh - '., m adleine Matriculated Member of the University of Eal r o.tdeen t i au j ,• • , or k othecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member . Tkise,}cndeil Hospital Medical Society, !i.e. 4.lAtora"nrk contains an accurate and complete account of the It un fertut and Physiology of the Reproductive Organs. anc e ha pena l that the unhappy victim of excessive indul ieue aridly vicious habits, while suffering from their invariable h co s n: eim, ' f lea '. wiivrisely entertains a fear of apDlyini, to a qualified p y 0 1 . 4 ,.._ .or relief. Shame and the dread so frequently, but err of 4;:aal3f entertained that those complaints are beyond the reach hero teo..._ni.kte restrict him and prevent his seeking ' or assistance h w i.tes u ut :;__ . , ca n n be procured. Dr. LA'MERT has taken his t p r anti : ~ .orouturstut, reference his diplomas testify, s a f n o d r t h h is e g p r t o o a fe t s e si x o t n e a n i t e o x f psri. eke, Which years is a guarant tibi e ,4 e has reference almost solely to the treatment of these 62P übll,_shed by the Author, and may he had of Rent and Richards, _ iernoster-row; 1101,1arnitriany: 6339: tit -s rect., relit, n a yrs= ! aell t Oxford-street; Starie, Tichborne- Cornhill ; Gorddn, 146, %leaden- Author's R eolden ' oo. ;I. redt , :rrt 2 r . f l oz.Z . o stamps. from Ilinsttatadb Engravirry THIRTY- FIRST EDITION. ON ~_y 26 Anatomical Coloured ,s on Steel. t-nirSIOAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA- New Edilleni,TelaaArg:,.TedDtollll2.EDlllENTS MARRIAE. 6d., or by post, direct trout the 15 -- pe g 5 . Just O ilsptshed. pric e 2s. 111111 E SI LEISTI'ie Establishment 3s. 6d. in postage stamps, 1 the infirmities and en r v s y stem, /:eltalNthDo ii i a eo. A ti le e dical 'P erk on eesalve indulgence, infection,from ex- With remarks on Marriage, and the nof obv v i i a n t g in s g . certain dis raOnd the inordinate use of mercury, ualifications. Illustrated by 25 Colo m ur e :d s E L.TERRY and CO., Consulting Surgsons, By R. and 1.0. rd-street, Lonbn. Published by the Authors : sold by strange, Llt' I. Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, I n flerners-street, Ox nrie. 23, Titchborne-street. Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden and Sanger , 150, Oxford-street st reet; Ortan23, ' Paa'r I. treats bf the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive s, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings. ~_ . sitT 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in 7nigence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental and bodily weakness, nervous c and generative o4lPacity. Illustrated by Three excit e m ent , g v. reaT 111. treats of the diseases resulting from inroction, either in 'e Primary or secondary form, and c o ntains explicit directions for ,thelr treatment This section is illiistrated by Seventeen Coloured 44181avings. •., P laT IV. contains a Remedy for the Preventic n • of Diseas e . by a •411ple a pplication, by which the danger of infection is obviated. Is iraportant Dart of the Work should, not escape the reader's n otice. ' I' UT V. Is devoted to the eonsideration of marriage, and its du ties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the Whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into. Tun ountkr. BALM or Srarscust is exclusively employed in treating nervous and sexual debility,qmpotence, Sze., 115. and 335. re2riPer bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic ed..-- for purifying th e bl ood in cases of infecti on , secon d ar y klrn PtOrris, erupti ons, and the abtiSe of mercury, bottle. Ferry's Purifying Specilic - Pills, 2s. 9d.; 4s. 6d., and I Is. Ils. and 335. per Der box, a certain remedy for gonorrticesi," gleet, stricture,' and chronic, inflammation of the bladder. Ocaisultation fee, if by letter, 11 . A minute detail of the case is required: age, habits, and posi tibizil;esitbcoiletry,,„;• - , lb l x i. Packets, with' advice, to be had at the Yeta 'which tho.fea; 44, Is awed, Messrs. Perry: tlur geons, are in attendance daily at 19, Berners-street, ✓Oxford street, Elevenom Eleven till TWO And 'lv! to. Eight ;on San 411Y, itototo OM . ~, r r. ..t . / 7 - - - - N°. 18 117.] LONDON THURSDAY t 3 , kt! 11:1 N 9 OCTOBER 17, 1850. CATHOLIC LAW AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 8, NEW COVENTRY-STREET, LEICESTER-SQUARE, LONDON. 'the Foußvi ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Proprie tors of this Company took place on the 25th instant, at the Head Office, at One o'clock precisely. The following is extracted from the _report, which is too lengthy for publication : Dining the past year no claims have arisen from deaths in Englerf,„ and but two in Ireland—one for 5001. and the other for 2301. —malting together 7001., which have been paid. This is far below the expected mortality, and is especially favourable, when it is remembered how severely the life offices generally suffered from the epidemic of last year. The number of lives assured between the Ist of June, 1:49, and the 31st of Nay, 1850, was more than double the number issued in the twelve months preceding. l'rop , sa!s were made for 139 Policies, amounting to 52,9631.25. Cd.: of these 121, comrrising 106 lives, were accepted for 45,1251. Is. Sixteen Policies lapsed, representing 6,048 i., upon which 3201. 32. was received by the Company in the shape of premiums Since the c anmencernent of the Company to the Ist of Juno last, assuran es were effected to the extent of 110,972/. l'ts 6d., pro ducing in annual premiums 3,7321. 11s. 6d. Of these 54 lapsed, amounting to 23,910/. 16s. Id., of which the annual premiums were 7411. is., leaving the yearly Income on the Ist of June last equal to 2,991/. 15s. I Id. since last meeting loans were applied for to the extent of 17,7001., but 1,1831. I Is. 10d. only was advanced. The Directors were also highly gratified to report that within the last four months they had considerably extended their business on the Continent, having appointed, as Head Agent in France, Monsieur de l'Etang, a gentleman of high standing in Paris, distinguished fur his integrity and shinty in financial and in all assurance matters, who, under the sanction and patronage of the Archbishop of Paris, the Cardinal Archbish-p of Lyons, and Monseigneur Parisis, Eveque de Langres, has already within the last three months effected a com sidera - b:e amount of business, not only in Life Assurances, but in An nuities both Immediate and Deferred. After various resolutions, approving of the Report, and returning thanks to the Right Reverend Chairman, Bishop Morris, the Vice- Chairman, Actuary, Secretary, and Medical Officers of the establish ment, the meeting separated, highly gratified at its present results and future proscects. SWANSCOMBE, KENT. TO be LET, in this beautiful Village, a desirable FAMILY RESIDENCE, in complete repair, and containing, breakfast, dining, and drawing-rooms, Ave bed-rooms, excellent offices, two-stall stable and coach-house, kitchen-garden, large pad dock and well stocked srchard ; a good supply of excellent spring water. have hitherto constituted the pride and security of this country, but at the subversion of the rights of pro perty, and of all order in society." The Luddites at this time destroyed machinery, to which they attri buted their sufferings—riots broke out in Lancashire an average one, corn rises—if the quantity of money be decreased, prices fall.—(Hear.) A. very bad or deficient harvest, is an exceptional case ; corn then rises to a famine price, from the scarce ness of the commodity, as, with a very abundant harvest, it falls from the plentifulness of the gifts of Providence.—(Hear.) how then do facts bear out this theory of common sense? There have been two periods of great increase of money. One, in the time of Queen Eliz ibeth, from the discovery of the Ame rican mines ; the other when Mr. Pitt carried out the system of a paper currency. What was the effect of the increase of the circulating medium in Eliza beth's time ? From 1499 to 1560 the price of wheat was 103. and 5-12ths a quarter; from 1561 to 1601 wheat was 475.5 1-3,1. a quarter.—(Hear.) What was the cause of this enormous rise ? " The discovery of the abundant mines in America," says Adam Smith, " seems to have been the sole cause of this diminution in the value of silver in proportion to that of corn. It is accounted for accordingly in the same manner by everybody ; and there has never been any dispute, either about the fact or about the cause of it." ,How few things are there about which Adam Smith, or any other man, could say, and say truly, " there never his been any dispute !"—(Hear.) Look next at the still 'greater increase of the circulating me dium which took place in Pitt's time. What was the state of the country in 1797—the period of the Bank Restriction Act? After a . long and ex pensive struggle with, our American colonies, and being at war with France, the gold and silver of the country was nearly all drained away. The Bank could no longer panits • - litotes -in gold, and afford assistance to Government.' Our gold and silver was exhausted: but were we therefore poor ? No, the real wealth—the land, the mines, the houses, the workshops of-the world—remained.—(Hear, hear.) Our ships covered the seas, bearing away the produce of our looms and mills, to exchange for the riches of every clime. And, above all, our country was full of j men—(Cheers) ---of an industrious, energetic, and persevering population—a bold Anglo-Saxon race, with stout hearts and willing hands, equal to all emer gencies, and prepared to encounter and overcome any difficulties. These constitute the real wealth of a nation.—(Cheers.) And what did Pitt's measures do? Why they provided a representative for all this real wealth. A paper money which might distribute com modities—might enable men to exchange the produc tions of their industry, to buy and to sell, to pay rents, taxes, and debts—in a word, to discharge, as the bank notes did discharge, all the functions 'of money.—(Hear, hear.) Every sovereign we have 1 1n this country we have bought with our goods. So it was then ; while the paper money was circulated 'at home, our 'merchants were exchanging their goods for other commodities, and gold and silver among othler things abroad ; and this gold and silver were sold to Government, and with it our troops were paid arid foreign powers subsidized.—(Hear.) " ed:Tu p (faleiatr.e of )U w n a d r e .” rthi F s o s r ys ; tern the country flourished in spite of war, and all it s attendant evils. I say adopt the opinion of a man who has been a warrior from his youth up—the Duke of Wellington—in calling war " the greatest of all ,evils."—(Loud And Tolitically, war is cheers.) e te r most d s. to dreadful vis t i r t a e i Y s e c ' a o s r u t ° r:g . i_ e a ( w ß ht h e w P e r d o v c ihdeeenrci cheering.) g h . s p Thiser country felt, and felt severely at times, the evils of war. The closing of ports and markets by Frendh influence was an evil. The seizure of ten millions Of property belonging to British merchants in the Baltic cans s s t c o a tuaskeed ourm u c g h o od s, distress. of w h T i c h e he ref seven usal millionso the AMe an nually were sold in the States—inflicted much suffer ing on our manufacturing districts. Still we spent much in war—we lent large sums to Government— we paid heavy taxes—and the nation progressed and prospered.—(Hear, hear.) The reason of this was that an adequate and abundant circulating medium was provided. In 1797, the bank notes in circula tion were 8,601,964/. ; in 1807, the circulation was 16,724,3681., or nearly double ; in 1814, it was 28,291,8321., or more than three times as much as in 1797.—(Hear, hear.) 'With this increase ill money prices rose. The Committee of the House of Commons reported, in 1815, that the price of wheat in this country, on an average of five years, had never exceeded 503. a quarter. But the average price of wheat, from 1794 to 1820, was 87s. 10d. a quarter, from 1809 to 1820, 98s. 9d. a quarter!. And observe there was no protection then.—(Hear.l We were then a corn importing• country, and lan was constantly being brought into cultivation. Porter states that, from 1797 to 1816, no less than 1779 In.: a a ßmw n m iuu y t : sh u t a n a i closure Bills passed. We had also fewer mouths to feed. The population of Great Britain, according td, Mr. M'Culloch was in 1801, 10.943,000—white in 1848 it was 21,000,000.—(Hear.) But it may be said that this was a "fictitious price"—that it was paper-money d y like ours the price. aeeprice,dapb rdre represented neb u blyt t ere sdtai taxation, remunerative, a highly mustaxe ( e ) o n u lY nt a r s be comparatively high ; for this' reason—that the far mer and every producer, to get a remunerative price ought to be able to add the amount of taxation to the cost of production. se — onwsb ( tae l al abundant circulating medium. become six to make it remunerative.—(Hear.) uxd o t b,an u yt. co af c noTn a , u n hyor, :no p luya r srn o ypd d es txt u ei ai c emsn e e ngt r article q c bp l uu e r of paper money in operation during the war supplied this abundant circulation, and therefore enabled the country to bear its heavy burdens, and to prosper in spite efforts crowned with' an universal peace The nation's last n ila a e tio r 's rejoi c i ngs were scarce l y ' them.—(Hear.) weree The n. n over before a period commenced of dreadful distress.—' (Hear.) How was this brought about? Immedi-' ately after peace was proclaimed, the Bank was in formed that its notes must be paid in gold at a fixed' price (viz., 3/. 17s. 100. an oz.) Accordingly the' Bank proceeded forthwith to draw in its notes. The circulation, which, according to Mr. Loyd, was at its • hi g hest in 1813 and 1814 , was dimini s hed nearly one half in 1816 and 1817. The country bankers were forced to do the same. Price s d ec li ne d immediately —ruin followed. In March, 1815, the Corn Law passed, which was to secure to the farmer 80s. a quarter for his wheat ; in the following' December, the monthly average was 555. 9d. a quarter, or 30 per cent. less than the law of March had fixed as a remun w er a a s t t i e v r e ri p fic. price.—(Hear is eart,he description o hear.)Thedfisittrgeissveolif 1816 in January, 1817, by Mr. Tierney Each succeed ing year since the war ended," said he, "has only made things worse ; the distress, at first confined prin cipally to our agriculture, h as s of trade and industry, and the national misery has reached a point wholly without a precedent since the Norman 'Conquest." The people were aghast, and asked the cause of all this. They were told by their rulers that it was the sudden transition from war to peace which was ruining the country great indeed,' 1_(1 - leer, hear.) not 1816," it t e r a y d to every branch How was this distress removed? That question was f a o n r s e w t e h r e ed c b o y m t m he itt ß ee an o k f dliBrelc9t:o_rs,i,nwthaesir evidence be pyl o e t haveu i:. and ds agriculturalasked, answered Mr. Harman. " Did not that distress ren der it necessary to relieve the public by an increased issue of bank-notes?" the distress vanished. " Were e n t infuotl the e r c advan ces ulati ? made in that year lay the Bank to Government, a great instrument of relievingmtandee di s o t n r e e s y s spoken of, by affording more " Yes ; inasmuch as they Money was made plentiful, and —(Hear.) But Government persevered in urging on cash payments. Peel made his first public change of opinion, and came out of the Committee of 1819 a bullionist. In January, 1819, the country had fully recovered from its prostration , The Prince Regent told Parliament that be had the " great able to 'est satisfaction in being inform them 'that the trade, commerce, and manufactures of the country were in a most flourishing condition."— (Rear, hear.) The average price of wheat for 1818 was 84a. a quarter ; agriculture was therefore also flourishing. The revenue of the coun try, without a new tax, increased in 1818 no loss than 4.700,000/. Peel's Bill passed on July 2, 1819. The consquences of that measure shall b e d escribed to you by Mr. Matthias Attwood . In a speech de livered by him on June 8, 1830—(vehich contains, I venture to affirm, more statesmanlike principles, more profound and sagacious views on monetary science than any speech delivered on thisj subject in either o f the Houses of Parlionaent)—in thatspeech he says, " That Act fell on the calm prosperity and labours of the people—on the prosperous industry of the coun try—to confound, and disorder, and to destroy. All the calamities of 1816 were renewed. The blow was first felt by the manufacturing populatio n . Wi t h out employment—withou t wages—without th e means of subsistence ; suffering from artificial famine in the midst of plenty—ignorant from whence the blow came, by thousands and tens of thousands, the mann. facturing population prepared for resistance." In November of the same year, Parliament was called together again. The Prince Regent thus :addressed them. " I have observed," he said, " with great concern the attempts made in som e of the manufacturing districts to take advantage of local distress to excite disaffection to the insti tutions-and government of the country. A spirit is now fully manifested utterly hostile to the constitution of this kingdom, and aiming, not only at the change of those political inetitutions which ;he farmers suffered next—thousaands were en• The premises are a short distance from the Greenhithe Pier, where bolts call to and from London frequently in the day, and only half-a-mile from the Northfleet Station. For terms, &c.. apply to A. It. Steel, Esq., No 1, Lincoln's Inn fields ; or to Mr. Frederick Goodeve, Ingress Abbey. 'irely ruined—(Hear)—wheat want down fa' 6.45.• n quarter—incendiary fires spread throughout the rural districts.—(Hear.) The Habeas Corpu:. Act was suspended—and a special commission sent out to try, condemn, and execute the rioters and rick burners.-.- -1- 1 10 PARENTS and GUARDIANS.—A prtion of the extensive Premises in Regent-street, occupied by .NICOLL, will in fsture be devoted for the production of IiOYS' and YOUTHS' CLOTHING, such to exhibit unusual good taste, style, and linisl4, besides having a further recommendation in (Hear.) Tne distress continued ; in 1820 wheat was sold at 534. 11d. a quarter, in 1821 at 46i.:.21.' quarter, and in 1822 at 3Ss. ld. a quarter.— (" True Remember, there was no tree trade then.—(Elear.) The agriculturists were told that their distress now arose from over production— their durability and very moderate cost. College Caps and Gowns, with every kind of Garment calculated for pleasure, duties, or exercise, and such as are worn by Young Gentlemen at the Colleges and Great Punlic Schools. These are al ways ready to be met with at the Warerooms of 11. J. arid D. NI COLL, Merchant Clothiers, Paletet Patentees, and Manufacturers of Cloth, Regent-street (from 114 to 120 inclusive), and 22, Cornhill. CAUTION.—Many have assumed the use of the word " PA.LETOT," but Messrs. NICOLL are the Sole Patentees of the design and ma terial (in Winter or Summer Substances) employed in the manufac ture of this inexpensive and gentlemanly article of costume. (Hear and laughter)—Providence had been too bountiful, and their crops too good.—(Hear, hear.) Again money was made plentiful. Lord London derry's Small Note Act, allowing 11. and 21. notes, passed. By loans to Government, loans to the landed interest, loans on public works, money witefterced• into circulation. Four millions were thus .added to the circulation. The country revived. Mr. Tooke says that the circulating medium al together became 50 per cent. greater in 1825 than it had been in 1823. The Sing, in his speech, said, " There never was a period in the history of the ceein 7 try when all the great interests of society were, at the same time, in so flourishing a condition." Prices rose ; it became more profitable to the foreigner to take our gold than our goods ; and by the end of 1825 scarcely a sovereign was left in the Bank. The cir culation was therefore rapidly contracted, by the Bank withdrawing its issues, and in December, 1825, broke out the panic.—(Hear.) The blow fell first,on, the bankers. One-eighth part of the country banks in England, and six of the London banks, stopped payment. They were told that they deserved their ruin—it arose from over-speculation—(Hear)—that over-speculation which, it it existed, Government had done everything in their power to encourage. The traders and manufacturers of the country speedily felt the ill effects of the panic of 1825. They were told that their sufferings arose from an over produ9- tion of commodities, They had worked too hard, risen too early, been too ingenious in increasing the produce of their industry.—(Hear and laughter.) Yet the poor in the manufacturing districts were starving, " with food in abundance staring them in the face," says Mr. Francis ; and 200 families were officially declared to have among them only four blankets. The country contirmed to suffer.—(Hear, hear.) The agricultural distress of 1829 and 1830 was most extreme, and the House of ConaMons was assailed with petitions from all parts and from all interests, which even now cannot be read without shrinking from the details of the misery which they record. In 1832 occurred another panic, though less severe than that of 1825. The Reform Bill, which distress had driven the people to demand, brought no relief. In 1834 wheat was sold for 41s. 5d., in 1835 for 365. Bd., and in 1836 for 365. a quarter—still, no free trade, wheat being protected up to, 701. a luarter.--,( - lear, bear.) In 1837 came a panic -eglain,„and in 1839 theßank had to borrow 2i millions of specie from the Bank of France to escape bankruptcy.—(Hear hear.) Government, in 1843, propounded the doctrine, that indirect taxation had reached its limit. The Whigs went out, leaving a deficit, the effect of bad money-laws, of 10,072,6381., and Peel again came into office and imposed th,e in come-tax. In 1844 Peel introduced his Bank Char ter' Bill, in doing which he said that "during the last 20 years four decisive proofs, at four distinct periods, had been given, viz., in 1825, 1832, 1837, and 1839, that under the present system of currency the principle of convertibility is endangered," This was the condemnation of his Bill of 1819 by himself. He therefore proposed to take "effectual measures"—the matured wisdom of Bullionism—to prevent such evils recurring. Mr. Goulbourn called this measure " a perfect system."— (Hear, hear.) In. October, 1847, came another dreadful panic, in which the Bank was only saved from stop ping payment by the interference of the Government. The late Lord Ashburton, therefore, justly called the Bill of 1844 " a great experiment which had signally failed."—(Hear.) Gentlemen, I have entered into these details to show to you the repeated proofs which we have had of ,the imperfection of our mone tary system; to show how this country has been forced for the last thirty years to alternate between prosperity and distress, and to make it plain that, whenever we have had an adequate circulating me dium, prices have risen to a remunerative level and we have enjoyed prosperity; and that whenever Peel's system has come into active operation, and the circu lation has been contracted, forced cheapness has re sulted, and distress, misery, and ruin have pervaded all classes.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) But it were useless to point out these evils unless we could also point out their remedy. This can be done. The great evil of the present system is the fixed price of gold. The obligation on theßank to. buy gold when it does not want it, and to sell it when there is a drain, causes the arbitrary expansions and contractions of the currency. With gold at its market price the country flourished during the war, and would again do so. Paper money, in which gold might rise and fall in price, and which should be a legal tender for all pecuniary obligations, might be provided in sufficient amount; and made perfectly secure. There are various ways in which this might be done. Pitt effected it by a Bank Restriction Act. I proposed a simple method . some time since, which might, with ease an d ty, be adopted, viz., to release the Bank from its obliga tion to buy gold when it had a certain sum, say four teen millions, of specie in its coffers, and also to re move the restriction of never issuing beyond the sum of fourteen millions on securities. In the event of a drain of gold, I would allow the Bank to issue notes beyond this limit, on securities, and not only, as is now the case, on the gold locked up in the issue de partment. Thus, when gold leaves the country, the void created in the circulation would be immediately supplied by bank-notes.—(Hear.) But perhaps no plan has commended itself so generally • as the one proposed by Mr. John Taylor, of London, a gentle man who has thoroughly mastered the question, and has philosophically examined and elucidated it. He pro poses that a national paper money should be issued, of 1/. notes and upwards, which issue should never exceed n a year the amount of the annual taxation. This CORN AND CURRENCY. THE MARKET BOSWORTH FARMERS' ASSOCIATION. (From the Leicestershire Mercury.) As we briefly stated last week, the members of this association commencemed their autumn session by considering how " the currency affects the interests of the agriculturists of Great Britain." Mr. R. Smith, of Sutton Cheney, was in the chair. Mr. N. GnusoN moved the first resolution, as fol- lows :—" That the question of the currency is one which materially affects the agriculturists of Great Britain, and becomes indispensably necessary to be considered since the principles of free trade have been adopted." It might be asked, perhaps (said Mr. Gimson), why the farmers should take up this question ? what had they to do with it—and did they understand it ? If they did not understand it, that was because they had not yet studied the ques tion.—(Hear, hear.) As to its not affecting them, he would remark that the farmers found, owing to 'the reduction in the price of agricultural produce, that they were paying 2/. for every 1/. they were receiv ing—(Hear)—and they all knew that our present cur rency system was based on the corn-law, which esti mated the average price of wheat at 80s. a quarter ; that wan, no foreign corn should come into this country under 80s. a quarter. He did not mean that the farmers received 80s. a quarter for their corn under that law—(Hear, hear)—but that they were supposed to be receiving 80s., and that their pay ments *ere based on that supposition.—(Hear, hear.) They had now, however, to sell two quarters for that supposed price of one ; and that being the case, was it reasonable that the landed interest should be called upon to pay two pounds where be fore they only had to pay one.—(Hear, hear.) The other day, as he wanted a new coat, he went into! a tailor's shop to ask the price of one—he was told 50s. He told the tradesman that money was a scarce com modity with farmers now ; but that he would give him a quarter of corn for his coat.—(Laughter.) The tailor, however, said no; the principle of barter would not suit him ; and so (we understood) the bargain was notstruck.—(Hear.) • TheSe re`nittiks w'ere . ver l y general, he was aware, and he refrained from going fur ther into the question as the Rev. Mr. Twells would shortly address them at length,upon the subject. But lie (Mr. Gimson) would beg to remind ' the meeting that they had a mighty struggle before them, for which they must arm themselves well. They had justice on their side ; their arms must be the goosequill and discussion ; and, clothed in a panoply of hope, assu rance, and indomitable perseverance, he had no fear of the result.—(Cheers.) They had no corn-tax-- they would have no hank-tax.—(Renewed cheers ) Mr. BURBERY briefly seconded the resolution ; after which the CELAIEMAN said he had now the pleasure of calling upon the Rev. John Twells, of Perlethorpe, Nottinghamshire, to express his opinion upon the question now before the meeting. Mr. TWELLS then rose and spoke as follows :—ln venturing to appear amongst you, I must request your indulgence, both as a stranger and as one whose profession may appear to disqualify hini, in some respects, for taking a part in the public discussion of the question which calls us together to-day. I can unaffectedly say, that nothing but an overwhelming sense of the importance of this ques tion to the country in general, and at this time more particularly to the agricultural interest, would have induced me, here or elsewhere, to have come forward as I um now doing.—(Hear.) Yes, gentlemen, it is a deeply .rooted conviction of many years' stan ding,; founded on a deliberate and impartial consideration of this question, and an attentive observation of the facts of the case for the last thirty years, which has in duced numbers of thinking men—arguing from the experience of what has happened in this country, to abstract principles as to the causes of what they have witnessed—to devote their time and energies to this little-understood question : because we believe that the interests of all, rich and poor, manufacturers and agriculturists, are so deeply involved in it, that per manent prosperity can never (under any circum stances) be secured, till we have a thorough reform of the present monetary system established by Peel's Bills of 1819 and 1844 —(Cheers.) The resolution which will be put from the chair for your adoption or rejection, declares" That the question of the currency is one which materially aflects the agriculturists of Great Britain." And with respect to the importance of the question to the agriculturists, and all other classes, I beg to call your attention to the opinion of the late Sir Robert Peel in his speech of May 6, 1844, on the Bank Charter Bill. Speaking of his Currency Bill he says, " There is no contract, public or private, no engagement, national or indi vidual, which is unaffected by it. The enterprises of commerce, the profits of trade, the arrangements to be made in all the domestic relations of society, the wages of labour, the transactions of the highest amount, and of the lowest, the payment of the na tional debt, the provision for the national expendi ture on the one hand, and the command which the coin of the smallest denomination has over the neces saries of life on the other, are all affected by the deci sion to which we may come on that great question which I am about to submit to the consideration of the Committee." With this comprehensive and well expressed statement of Sir Robert Peel I entirely agree. Money is one half of every bargain made be tween man and man. In early times, all traffic was a matter of barter. Each man bartered the super fluity of what he possessed for that which he desired to possess. But it soon became requisite to have some thing for which all should be willing to exchange commodities. That something was called money. In different countries various commodities have been considered money, but the precious metals, as they are called, gold and silver, have, from their portabi lity and durability, been generally adopted for that purpose. Ooe of the earliest instances on record of a precious metal being a medium of exchange is that of Abraham, with whioh you are all fa miliar. Abraham bought the field of Machpelah, of Ephron the Hittite, the son of Zohar, for four hundred sheckels of silver. This silver was " current with the merchant," but it was not coin. "Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver." The word sheckel comes from the Hebrew shackal, to weigh. Calmet affirms that the Hebrews had no coined money till Antiochus Si detes, King of Syria, granted to Judas Maccabwas the privilege of coining money in Judaea. Now the value, of any commodity —corn, for instance—would depend on two things : the supply and demand of corn, and the supply and demand of silver. And here you will, I think, begin to see clearly how the cur rency question affects your interests. The farmer is a manufacturer, so to speak, of corn and cattle. He takes the superfluity of his corn and cattle to market, and with them he buys money. He must possess himself of money, for money is the only legal tender for his rent, his taxes, and his debts. And hence the farmers seem to me to have been much mistaken as to their interests when they directed their attention solely to the laws which were made about corn, and entirely neglected to take into consideration the laws which were made about money.—(Hear.) They ought to have attended to the laws made about both. For their interests are as much affected by the laws made respecting what they buy, viz., money, as those made about what they sell, viz., corn. In 1826, Sir J. Graham, in his " Corn and Currency," said, " The value of money is in the inverse ratio of its quantity ; the supply of commodities remaining the same, in crease the quantity of money, prices rise; decrease the quantity of money, prices fall. On the other hand, the quantity of money remaining the same, increase to ho u makeldbe well understood. the quantity of commo diti es , p r i ce s f a ll ; d e crease the quantity of c ommo di t i es , pr i ces r i se ." I w ill endea vouriufn d p e o r s s s t i o bl o e d ,. o p d l o a p izer t , h b e e n c , a A u i s r e . thls s Mill's illustration. Suppose there to be 100 loaves, and 100 shillings to exchange for them. Each loaf would command a shilling. The loaves remaining 100, increase the shillings to 200, and each loaf would command two shillings • decrease the number of shil lings to 50, and each loaf would then command only sixpence. On the other hand, the number of shil lings remaining 100, increase the loaves to 200, and each shilling would command two loaves; decrease the loaves to 50, and it would then take two shillings to buy one loaf.—(Hear.) Here, then, is the common sense view of the currency question. If the quantity of money in circulation be increased, the harvest being i m t :s o x noe esffiy: e p or a us i ,l d df o a nr w e vat the b b y dei , G ei di o te v hn e e r drs ne n for the salaries o n ancl exe f e o g r a nor all e l x ia p b e l n e se t s o , would be a legal tender, and being receivable for depreci a ti on . A s th e penny postage-stamps , collect the whole revenue,of the Post-office, so would , this money collect the whole revenue of the nation.— (Hear.) The arrangement of this plan bvould be matter of detail, and presents no real difficulties. As to private banks and banking companies, I would in terfere as little as possible with them—only taking care to make their issues as secure as possible, that so the currency of the nation might be rendered per fectly safe as gold itself.—(Hear.) Thus with' a paper-money system similar to that which we had during the war, but better—improved by all the sug gestions which experience and philosophy can present —is it possible not to see that the prosperity and hap piness of this country might be increased to an extent scarcely yet contemplated.—(Hear.) We can tell how this currency would increase the nation's wealth :—I. It would replace a very expensive medium of excharige- , -gold, by a very cheap one —paper. The fifty or sixty millions of gold 'which are now supposed to be in circulation, and which are merely used as counters, would be then replaced by notes. Here at once would be a saving of mare than two millions a year, by convert ing this large amount of dead stock into active, pro ductive stock.—(Hear.) • Suppose a farmer had been taught that it was necessary to use a golden plough share worth 1,000/., and a man came to him and said, " I will make for you a ploughshare of iron , for 100 pence, which will do the work j ust as well —it is plain that the farmer would have the difference between 1,0001. and 100 pence to employ as active capital.—(Hear.) He could improve his land, drain, manure, and what not, when he ,had substituted a cheap ploughshare for a dear one.—(flear, hear ) ll.—But we say that a representative paper currendy would benefit the nation by rendering one circulating medium independent of the foreign exchanges. When gold flows into the country, the Bank increases its issues, for it is forced to buy gold at a fixed price with its paper. The rate of interest is lowered, and specu lation is forced upon the people from the difficulty of obtaining a profitable investment for capital. When ruin, h () H a a s r e i d n n i c ri e l g B m 2 o s begins,e ylBl33e2c,o panicme s 1837,e exceednlsu gold goes out of the country, the Bank contracts its issues, for it is liable to pay its notes in gold at Si. ingly scarce, interest rises enormously, prices fall, 17 s . 10 d . an raa n o l yd u s n e c d e , and 1847, follow.—(Hear, 11( ar.) The effect of the panic of 1825 is thus described by Sir James Graham a tr n a d de dis i in his " Corn and Currency" :—" Commerce is stag nated, manufactures suspended; masters.are without distress and money, and men without employment; and ruin and insurrection stalk throughout the land." " I be lieve," said Mr. Richard Cobden, in his evidence be fore a Committee of the House of Commons, " greater evils have been occasioned to the trade and manufac tures of the country in 1836 and 1837, and the sub sequent periods, by the fluctuations in the currency; _ - _ r. . , . •,'''' ''' ''' 1 7, . ..,. ~. r ... , i , . , ..,,,,,.., (4,,,,--- , ---, , k , 5„.;, ( f.rst----,,t,.,,,-i-x. , ;. , ---) ~IJ, ~, ; :-lb, , , ' -,';'..---. . -- - ---- Z-' t /1 / 4 '''' ./(:" -7, -,:•-, ~. _ i , r- 4 ' ,' N 1" A ' l' ' * . \.,, , -'tf / . ,P /A ; i ', 4`,1t 451 ~,, \ft , ~., ._.: ) ,---, .. , 411i1.‘ 0--....i_.,' o ' 4, ',., I .P-Vi . I_ ~..k., ! . :5.. ASV' ' 1 A- .--. ..- , • - ;itt , ',. , I ih, .- . .t .1 j ..,,..„..6 _2: ..,, pi .7 _, ~_ :. 4- v ' - =,4-• -r , ~.. .<4.„Nj t l / 4 . .7., : . + ~ • / \.:: ' ' ---- 4# osl rc''\ b[E , . -N, 4 ' .7 '; : Dlt IT. sit ~, • ::.._ . ,- , . /; e 2-o -g_-- [PRICE SD. AND STEAM-BOATS. Boat and bargemen, and women 2,516 lightermen If watermen 1,654 greater evils—pecuniary, social, and moral—than by the direct failures of all the banks of issue since they were first established in the country.”—(Hear.) The Manchester Chamber of Commerce in 1836 declared that the loss on cotton, wool, silk, linen, and hard ware, amounted to forty millions through the Cur rency Laws. In 1847, the loss to the country, as stated by Mr. Richard Spooner in the House of Commune, was upwards of 250 millions. These ruinous fluctuations and panics would be obviated under a well-regulated currency.—(llear.) lII. But the most important advantage of a representative paper currency is this—that we should obtain a cir culating medium capable of expansion, a money in which prices would be able to rise as taxes are im posed, so that taxes might he added to the cost of production, and a remunerative price be'ebtained.— (Hear.) And further, as our population increased, and our commodities increased also—in other words, as our buyers and sellers increased,• and the things to be bought and sold increased—money, the me dium of exchange between man and man, might increase in due proportion. People some times ask me why the law which governs, or which ought to govern the currency, cannot - be discovered ? It is discovered. " Supply and demand," I say, is the law of the currency. As men increase, more food is required, and more clothes are required ; and if left to itself the supply will increase with the de mand. Sp it is with money. Make paper money as safe as you please—make it as safe and secure as gold itself, and this we can prove can be done—and then . leave the trade in money free. Leave it to the pure), the universal law of trade, viz., supply and demand.—(Hear, hear.) I say, that experience fully histifies the expectations of an improved state of things 'resulting from an alteration of the - currency laws. rsay . that the paper money system, which en abled this country to prosper in spite of war, would produce tenfold advantages in a time of peace.— (Hear.) Observe, Ido not say that paper money would do everything. I do not say, for instance, that it would enable a farmer to prosper without skill, labour, judgment, and a fair amount of capital. —(Hear.) Ido not say that it would supply the place of science and of knowledge in the direction of a man's energies. I know that under any financial system vice, improvidence, and ignorance will bear their pernicious fruits. Butl do say that it would secure I to labour its just reward; that it would afford to every man of integrity, talent, and energy a fair oppor tunity of improving his condition ; that it would pre vent the attempts which are made for raising the con dition of the people from being counteracted by the frequent recurrence of those periods of severe distress and privation in which their moral condition inevitably deteriorates.— (Cheers.) I say that the paper-money system, which enabled this country to lend to Go vernment 600 millions, would . enable the country to pay off the debt, and thus cause a reduction of nearly thirty millions of taxes. I believe that this country might then advance to a greater height of happiness and prosperity than ever-;-- that instead of disunion and ill-will, we might see all classes flourishing, and contributing to each other's prosperity; that the. well-being of the poor would, furnish the best secnrity for the-possessiens of the "rich , i,,thEp men would learn, to prize the unde i r whin theylived happily ; and that England would become the instrument, in the hand of Providence, of civilizing, elevating, and christianizing the whole world.—(Loud cheers.) But, gentlemen, I must apologize for taking so wide a range, as well as for intruding thus long on your attention.—(No, no, and cheers.) I thank you very sincerely for the patient and indulgent hearing which you have afforded me, and I commend this important sub ject to your examination and consideration. The statements I have made are open to investiga tion—l submit them to your inquiry. Quod dixi, dixi.—(Cheers.) Discussion is - V best friend of truth.—(Cheers.) I wish the su%Tect to be fairly ex amined into. We have no party, no class interest, to serve : " For each and for all, is our motto."— (Cheers.) To extend commercial enterprise—to re store to agriculture its just remuneration—to ensure to the rich the safe enjoyment of their abundance, and to the poor man the just reward of his labour—this is our object.—(Cheers.) I advocate the currency question, in a word, because I wish to promote the greatest possible happiness of the greatest possible number, with the least possible injury to the least possible number.—(Loud cheers) And the success of this great question is a matter only of time. Sooner or later, it will prevail. But we must all, in our day and generation, do our part : for the inscruta ble decrees of Providence ordain, that every great and good cause by which the happiness of our fellow creatures has to be promoted, must, under the blessing' of heaven, be worked out by the persevering energy of man himself.—(Loud and general applause.) The resolution was carried unanimously. The second resolution, proposed by a member of the association, and seconded by Mr. BRICKWELL, was as follows :—" That this meeting is of opinion that the farmers of Great Britain must look to an alteration of the laws of currency as one just means of relieving them from their present state of depression ; and they therefore direct the committee of the society to take steps for obtaining a revision of the present monetary system established by Peel's Bills of 1819 and 1844." Carried unanimously. Mr. CHAMBERLAIN moved, and Mr. HARRISON Se conded, a vote of thanks to Mr. Twells for his able and eloquent address. Mr. lIARRISON observed that this was not the first time they had met in that room, and that more than once, during their discussion on other topics, some of them had expressed their opinion that the existing currency system had a great deal to do with the pre - -- sent position of the farmer.—(Hear, hear.) For himself he did not think they would ever get their rents reduced to their proper level, until the currency-laws were reformed.—(Hear.) Mr. Harrison then rapidly gave a sketch of his owu experience as to the extraordinary fluc tuations in the price of stock as well as produce, which had taken place concurrently with the various alterations in the Bank issues and restrictions of issue since 1819-20 ; but we are here compelled by want of space to conclude our report by stating that Mr. llarrison, after strongly repeating his conviction of the necessity of the Currency Reform Movement being vigorously pushed onward, said the question having thus been once formally mooted among them, he trusted it would not be allowed to drop.—(Hear, hear.) They must look on this as only a preliminary meeting. They must get further information ; and they must discuss it again and again, to see whether they were right in their views or not, though they would not always be as fortunate as they had been that evening in securing the assistance of so able an expositor as Mr. Twells.—(ilear, hear.) Truth, how ever, was truth; truth and justice only had been ad vocated in that association ; and so long as their body held together, he believed they would be advocated there.—(Cheers.) Mr. TWELLS briefly replied, and added that it gave him great pleasure to visit so practical an association as that at Market Bosworth. After a vote of thanks to the Chairman, the meet ing—the interest of which was kept up to the very last —separated about half -past six o'clock. THE LONDON WATERMEN, LIGHTEREMEN, " Rare John Taylor, the water poet," in the days of James I. and Charles 1., with whose name I found most of the watermen familiar (at least they had heard of him), complained of the decay of his trade as a water man, inasmuch as in his latter days " every Gill Turn tripe, Mistress Tumkins, Madame Policot, my Lady Trash, Froth the tapater, Bill the tailor, Lavender the broker, Whiff the tobacco seller, with their companion trulls, must be coached." H• complained that wheeled conveyances ashore, although:they made "the casements shatter, tatter, and clatter," were preferred to boats, and were the ruin of the watermen; and it is somewhat remarkable that the waterme❑ of our day complain of the same detriment from wheeled conveyances on the water. The census of 1841 gives the following result as to the number of those employed in boat work in the me tropolis:— _ _ 5,673 The increase of the river team-boats from 1820 is evinced by the following table: — Years. No. of River Steamers. No. of Voyages. 1820 1830 1835 —Chronicle. TIIE DODDINGTON MURDER..—BRENTWOOD, WED NESDAY.—In accordance with the instructions of the magis trate, who opened a special court on Sunday for the purpose„ of hearing the charge of murder against Thomas Drory, the prisoner was brought up last evening before Mr. Leisher, one f the county justices, and Mr. C. C. Lewis, the coroner, who also acts as clerk to the bench of magistrates. Mr. Leisher, hearing from Mr. Lewis that his investigation had been ad journed for the purpose of receiving some important facts in relation to the tragical occurrence, determined for the present on not clashing with the proceedings already commenced, as it might have the effect of impeding the ends of justice. evidence of Superintendent Coulson as to the apprehension of the prisoner, the body of the decease d, and other details, were therefore taken, so as to justify his detention, and the magistrate, after duly cautioning him, remanded him until after the sittings of the adjourned inquiry of the coroner. lie a pp e ared little concerned at the awf ul p osition in which he was placed. DISPUTED LIFE POLICIES. " A trial of considerable Interest to Life Assurance Offices and tho public was concluded yesterday in the Court of Exchequer. The Eagle Company held a policy for an assurance of 5391. in the Albion Company as security for an advance, the payment of which policy was now disputed by the Albion, on the ground that at the time it was effected the fact of the assured party having been a man of in temperate habits was concealed from the office. The chief evidence turner upon the question as to the degree of intemperance that had been exhibited, and the result was, that a verdict was given against the resisting office, not only for the amount of the policy, but also for 401. interest from the date when it became due. The circumstance of the action being brought by one office against another presents a striking illustration of the uncertainty which may attach to all po licies under the present system, and shows that the only mode by which absolute security can be obtained by the public must lie in the general adoption by Assurance Offices of the plan of protecting them selves in every case by due inquiries before the grantins -- f each po licy, and of afterwards assuming the full responsibility of the com pleteness of such inquiries by holding themselves precluded from raising any future question. In the present case two offices are found to be diametrically opposed in their opinions as to what can properly invalidate a claim, and yet the public are expected to be able to gnare themselves against such contingences. Similar cases have occurred before, and even if they were more rare, they would seriously injure the progress of life assurance. The very principle upon which the business is founded is the removal of uncertainty, and whenever that principle is counteracted in the slightest degree, the people who would be the first to resort to its advantages are the first to be deterred."—Times, July 11, 1850. T HE LONDON INDISPUTABLE LIFE POLICY COMPANY No. 72, LOMBARD-STREET, LONDON. TRUSTEES. r. Campbell Renton, Egg., M.P. Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P. I Richard Malins, Esq., Q.C. James Fuller Madox, Esq. William Wilberforce, Esq. DIRECTORS. Robert Henry Forman, Esq. John llamilton, Esq. fames Fuller Madoic, Esq. John Matthews, Esq. C. Octavius Parnell, Esq. AUDITORS. James Turner, Esq. David Henry Stone, Esq. William Adams, Esq. John Atkins, Esq. Henry Augnitus Bevan, Esq. J. Thompson Bramwell, Esq. John Dangertleld, Esq. George Cumming, Esq. William D. Starling, Esq. SECRETARY—David Alison, Esq. BANICERS—Messrs. Spooner, Attwoods, and Co. PADDINGTON LOCAL BOARD. , 24, Connaught-terrace, Edgeware-road. Rev. James Sherbold Boone, A.M., Stanhope-street, Hyde-park. Captain Creed, Norfolk-crescent, Oxford-square. Charles Pemberton, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and Lin- coin's Inn-fields. . Thomas Jervis Amos, Esq., York-street, Portman-square. George Y. Robson, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and New. square, Lincoln's Inn. Secretary, Chas. Hogiston, Esq. The POLICIES of this Company, baing INDISPUTABT , E, form Faintly Provisions and Negotiable Securities, for their validity is not dependent, as i❑ the case of ordinary Policies, upon the import of previous reports and other documents. Owing to this important improvement in the practice of Life As surance, the progress of this Company has been rapid from the com mencement of its business, and is steadily advancing. Copies of the Report of the last Annual neeting will be forwarded, on application, to Solicitors, to whom Commission is allowed. ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Manager. GRAND SALON DE D ANSE, ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY, STRAND. OI'EN FOR THE SEASON. Lessee—Mr. Thomas Bartlett Simpson, Albion Tavern, Great Russell street, Covent-garden Mr. SIMPSON, anxious to have the best Band in London, has re tained the valuable talent of th, leading Artists engaged during the past season at Cremorne Gardens, including the following eminent Performers from her Majesty's Theatre, the Royal Italian Opera, and the Philharmonic Concerts First Violins—Hayward, Cohen, Rue's, 11. T. Seabrook, Van Hed- deehem. Second Violins—Pelcrin, T. Jackson, Edwards, C. Griesbach. Tenors—Saphiski, J. Jackson. Violoncellos—Quinton, W. F. Reed. Contra Basses--G. Taylor, W. Trantor, Guy, Stubgen. Haut() —J. Saynor. Piccolo—Meyer. Flageolet—J. Tyler. Oboe—J Schott. Clarinettl —Park, G. Tyler. Bassoon—Montara. Cornets a-nstons—Humfreess, Cottrell. Horns W. F. Youngman, W. Youngman. Tromboni--Webster, Guiraud. Oph!claide—Mosca. Bass Drum—Harrison. Side Drum—Seymour. INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT. Overture, " Zampa" • • •• Polka, " Creinorne" .• Buried. Solo (Violin) .. • • .• .. Mr. Van lleddeghen. False, " Ilommage a Strauss".. •• Borini. Selection from LA SOSNAMBULA Conducted by BORINI. To the votaries of Terpsichore remarks on the excellence of Borini's Band, atter the experience of its Orchestral Triumphs at Cremorne, would be superfluous. Solos and Concerted Pieces will be performed during the evening. Borini's Latest Compositions—The Adelaide Polka, Waltzes to various popular Irish Melodies, Galop d'lndus trie, New Quadrille of all Nations. The Grand Salon, Refreshment, and Ante-rooms have undergone considerable alterations and improvements. Doers open at Halt-past Seven o'clock. Admission One Shilling. J OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. DJ Lecture on the Ballad Music of England, by Mr. George Bar ker, illustrated by his own compositions, every Evening (except Sa turday) at Eight o'clock.—Lecture on the Hydro-Electric Machine, by Dr. Bachhoffner.—Lecture on Chemistry by J. H. Pepper, Esq., il lustrating, the Ancient Fiery Ordeal and the Handling of Red .Hot Metals. —Model of Weston's Patent Nova-Motive Railway, at work daily.—Dissolving Views illustrating some of the Wonders of Na ture, daily at Half-past Four, and in the Evenings at a Quarter to Ten ; also a Series, exhibiting Scenes in the Arctic Regions and Ceylon, daily at One o'clock.—Diver and Diving-bell, &c., &c. Admission, la.—Schools, Half-price. Open daily from Eleven till Five o'clock, and every Evening (ex cept Saturday) from Seven till Half- past Ten. A RGYLL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL STREET, ST. JAMES'S. Licensed pursuant to Act of Parliament of the 25th of King G. orgo the Second. (Sole Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-square.) L.kITRENT'S CELEBRATED AND UNRIVALLED BAND ! Principal Cornet-a-Piston, M. Boulcourt, from Pari., and Artiste Attache to M Strauss' Orchestra at the Baths of Vichy, France. As this elegant and popular resort of fa.hion is now duly LICENSED by ACT of PARLIAMENT, CONCERTS will be produced. in addition to dancing. The new lessee pledges himself that nothing shall be wanting on his part to render this establishment worthy the distinguished patronage and support it has hitherto been honoured with, and respectfully solicits a continuance of those favours, which it will ever be his study to deserve. Doors open every evening at Ilalf-past Eight— Dancing to commence at Nine precisely.—Admission, One Shilling. N.B. Particulars of the Concerts will shortly appear. PußLic INVITATION In consequence of the extraordinary desire manifested on the part of the Public to view the Premises forming the West-end Branch Establishment of E. MOSES and SON, the Proprietors have adopted the expediency of Suspending Business One Hour Earlier until Further Notice, and the Public are hereby informed that FREE ADMISSION will be given from Seven o'clock until Nine to all parties desirous of viewing the interior of the Establishment. *.. Branch Establishment, New Oxford-street. READING SAUCE FOR FISH, GAME, GRAVIES, 'HASHES, STEAKS, &c. 011 N and CHARLES COCKS, the sole Pre pp prietors and Manufacturers of the celebrated READING SAUCE, beg to caution the Public against the daily frauds practised by many persons, who are offering their spurious imitations as the Genuine Reading Sauce. This Sauce is patronised and recommended by most families in the kingdom, and fur general use it stands unrivalled. It is sold by all respectable Fish Sauce Vendors. Be particular in asking for " COCK'S READING SAUCE," which is prepared only by John and Charles Cocks, at their Manu factory, Duke-street, Reading. All others are counterfeits Observe the name—" J. and C. Cocas, Reading," on the Seal and Label of each Bottle : without this none are genuine. WORKS. DR. CULVERW ELL ' S NEW To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; C Mho -147, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Co or direct from the author, price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d. ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. "Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time." CONTENTS: —Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hi lls Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country Trips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening. at Rome —Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathi ng , Air, Rest, Ease, Occupation, tkc., 24c. IL FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vols. Vol I. & VISIT TO THE LAKES; SKETCH_OF EDINBURGH, Ste. Vol. 11. THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY ; REMINISCENCES OF DUBLIN, &c. 111. WHAT TO EAT, DRINK , AND AVOID. "That three score years and ten our course may run." A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of tier vausiy-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses the young, besets the man of pleasure , b usiness, or study, and em ,,ttters old age, with tables and rules for t he diet and physical regu -1 atoll of every-day life. IV. THE PASSIONS. " What passions hurt the body—what improve. Truths as refined as Athens ever heard." SUBJECT : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. T he advent , f the passions. Chastity and its infringements. Th e casualties of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graph ic, narrative, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages. THE MARRIAGE STATE. " To be or not to be, that is the question." PHOGILAMME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re li;lon regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them. Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion. Oases, &C. By R. J. CIILVERWELL, M.D. - (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A. (1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these matters. Reception honrs daily till Ave. Evenings, seven till nine. 10 Argyll-place, Regent-street. - - 1.• z, - ..~- ~,--=- ',l . a h 4 SERIOUS ACCIDENT ON — THE NORTH BRITISH RAILWAY. (From the Scotsman) An accident occurred on the Haddington branch of the North British Railway on Monday evening, of a very serious character, though happily, and we may say, in the circumstances, miraculously unattended by loss of life. The train to which the casualty happened left Haddington at ten minutes to seven o'clock, for Longniddry, there to join the through train from Berwick to Edinburgh. It was composed of three carriages, a truck, and the engine and tender. The truck was placed next the engine, followed by a third, then a first, and lastly by a second-class carriage. When about four miles distant from ,Haddington ,at a point where there is a considerable incline, a sudden shock was felt by the passengers. As afterwards turned out, this must have arisen from the breaking of the coupling between the tender and the truck, caused by the sudden starting of the engine off the rails. The engine, it appears, ran for a short distance al, IT the side of the line, and then bolted down the em bankment (which at this phlce Was only some two or three feet high), into a field of turnips on the . farm of Layerochlaw—ploughing up fte ground for al;out forty or fifty yards, and finally coming to a stop when it had imbedded itself to a depth equal to the height of the wheels. The driver kept his place on the engine , during the whole time, but the stoker was suddenly swept off into the field by a piece of the telegraphic wire, which bad been drawn out of its place by the funnel of the engine. The stoker was slightly injured about the head, but the engine -driver •was unhurt. After the engine and tender had become discon- nected from the train, the carriages and truck ap pear to have proceeded fur about twenty or thirty yards along the line. The .third -chum carriage then seems, from some cause or or other, to have fallen over on its side, when the coupling between it and the truck gave way—the latter, like the engine being precipitated over the embankment into the field. The third-class carriage is supposed to have been driven forward for a short way upon its broadside, and ultimately, from the force of the other carriages,, to have been made to perform a complete somerset, so that the bottom framework and wheels lay uppermost. Unlike the engine and truck, it did not go over the embankment, but lay smashed in pieces upon the side of the railway, with part of the first-class carriage, which had been turned completely , round, resting j upon it. During all this time the pas sengers were jolted and huddled together in a fearful manner. This was particularly the case with those in the third-class carriage, whose escape amidst its almost total demolition for the sides and part of the roofing are said to have been torn off—is truly wonderful. So far as we can ascer tain, there were only twelve passengers in the train, and of these six are represented to have been in the third-class carriage, all of whom were more or less seriously injured. The passengers in the other car riages, we believe, escaped without injury. Not a moment was lost by the passengers in the first and second-class carriages, and by the guard, engine -driver, and stoker, in proceeding to the assist ance of the unfortunate individuals buried, so to speak, under the wreck of the third class carriage. After a good deal of exertion, they succeeded in ex tricating them all except an old woman, who was so firmly wedged in that she could not be got out, until what is called the " dumb-craft" had been applied to raise up the carriage. A servant from a neighbouring farm was, from the noise, early attracted to the spot, and kindly volun teered to ride for assistance to Haddington. On the information reaching Haddington in this way, a special train was immediately dispatched to the spot with Dr. Martine, who rendered all the aid in his power to the sufferers. He found four of them to be in such a dangerous condition as , to render their in stant removal to Haddington a matter of absolute ne cessity. These parties were— Mungo Kerr, collector of the customs, &c., Mus selburgh, who has several severe scalp wounds, and some bruises about the back of the neck. He is still in a very precarious state. Mrs. Robertson, from Leith, who has a large wound on the forehead, and is very seriously bruised about the back and shoulders. Miss Henderson, who has a small wound on the forehead, and a severe sprain of the right ankle. Miss Rintoul, belonging to Edinburgh, who is bruised about the back, and has a cut on her head. The wounds received by the latter two are as cleanly done as if inflicted by a penknife ; but in the case of the other two they are broad and ragged. The two other parties injured were a man and a woman. They belonged respectively to Edinburgh and Porto bello, but their names we could not ascertain. Both went home in a special train with the other passen gers, although very much injured—the woman being considerably bruised aboui the back, and the man having a severe cut on the loin. The rail, at the place where the accident occurred, were displaced for a distance of upwards of a hundred yards, and some of them were broken, and others twisted together. Several of the chairs and sleepers were also removed out of their beds. Men were employed all night in clearing away the wreck of the accident, and in repairing the injury done to the line. The engine, whioo is reported not to havQ been much damaged, was only got out of the field about nine o'clock yesterday morning. The down line was put into a complete state of repair in the course of yesterday afternoon, and the trains pnssed along it as usual. We understand that the authorities have ordered a full investigation into the accident; and it is not im probable, from what we have heard, that some of the parties in charge of the train will be taken into custody. SMITHFIELD-MARK ET. TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING CHRONICLE. Sir,—l am sure that every one who considers the importance of the subject will appreciate the service which you are rendering to the public by admitting to your valuable columns a few words in defence of Smithfield-market. A question affecting the supply of food to the inhabitants of this great metropolis, assuredly deserves free discussion, and whilst you yourself have stated with force and ability the argu meats which may be urged on the one side, it speaks well for your candour and earnestness in the pursuit of the public good that you should publish also what is to be said on the other, so that the public may have the means of passing a fair and correct judgment upon the question, There is one point, which it strikes me, sir, you, in common with many who are opposing the plan of the Corporation, have overlooked, and which is still of the utmost importance in considering the matter; and that is, that no one in the Corpora tion or out of it is satisfied with Smithfield-market as it now stands, or is anxious to defend any of the evils to which it seems possible to apply a remedy. The space is too confined, and, as a consequence, great cruelty is unnecessarily inflicted on the animals which are there exposed for sale. This is admitted on all hands, and the Corporation propose to open an area amply sufficient. The existence of a thorough fare through the market-place is a double injury, the thoroughfare interfering with the market, the market obstructing the thoroughfare. It is proposed to con struct an enclosed market, and not only thus to re lieve the thoroughfares but greatly to enlarge and im prove them. The avenues to the present market place are confined and already overcrowded. It is proposed to construct the new City market on a site immediately adjacent to the "New Victoria-street," by which means a large part of the cattle traffic, that passing north, would be entirely removed from the existing thoroughfares. Another large part, that passing south, would pass along one of the broadest and most convenient streets in the metropolis, Parringdon-street ; the other avenues would be widened and improved to their utmost practical ex tent; and, in addition to this, the existence of a dead meat market, together with slaughtering houses for supply on the spot, will have the effect of preventing a considerable portion of the cattle from passing into the streets. It is thus seen that the proposed new market would very much obviate the objection of the passage of cattle through the streets. It may be urged, that it does not meet it entirely; but neither will any removal or alteration which is practicable. The report of the Royal Commission, embodying the result of every other inquiry into the matter, affirms that, take the market where you may, "it would be necessary that they should be driven through the streets." This admitted, I conceive that very little consideration would convince every man that any removal from a central site (that which, on the average, is the nearest to every other point), so far from remedying, or even alleviating the evil, must aggravate and add to it. Remove the market to any of the proposed spots on the north of the metropolis, and the vast numbers of cattle that pass to the southern metropolitan districts, and to the different railway stations on the south side of the river, must traverse the streets from one end to the other, in creasing the nuisance in the metropolis itself, and ex tending it to the suburban districts, where those who tt ish to avoid the noise and disturbance incident to the trade of a great city have retired, and where the only class liable to danger and alarm from the pre sence of t? .e cattle (females and c hildren) are exclu sively to he found. portance which demand men There are many other points o t f )ut ti l li ti a! m e ° al t re i a n d i ; tsrheospualdsseydou,tohoowmevuecrh, u ll p o o w n in your p u v r a s o l ue the matter 1 i further on a future occasion,l shouldliop:ntolo es, d I,l7.3_vis cuss them in the spirit C anEnglish , FRPLAY. that of October 16. CorTEE-SHOP Itonnußy.—A man named - William Andrews was yesterday committed from Guildhall for two months, for stealing three books from Mr. Worralt's eoffeo house on Uolborn-hill. ~. 00 0 get ,u -:NI