The Sun. — London, England, 1845-12-09 00:00:00

of tY irse 11 1111 ' 0 0' 10 11 the 11 10 fr - S TK' $ ;0 111 0 4 rg jtOg e Lf , the r ustonia ground. y 0301 V ?eded to taill'alP yer beaCh' morn in g 3 nor' ternoori. ock yes esterdal iancel i° ! 5 , to oe *jet. Eat of Init t be Edingtom E a rl d its' I°ll -office' •bert br Jay by w ?ping to m ondr Hastior 4 ,nd Pi c - ;t goo' , i pptoP-1 1 ESI / ' LITERATURE. This is opposed by the lawyers, who, like Alexander, the coppersmith, raise the cry of " Great is Diana of ate Epimsians," because tLeir craft is in ciat.;: ; es. ; bu - t, they will eventually be compelled to give way, and we are glad to see that Douglas Jerrold is breaking ground against them. It is " the beginning of the end." We are glad to find our friend Juniper Hedgehog continuing his letters this month. The subject of his lucubration is the potato disease, which is considered by a certain William Ferrie, who writes in the Edinburgh Witness, as a judgment upon the nation for voting the Maynooth grant. Juniper Hedgehog attacketh this William Ferrie, " who bawls and scribble's as it he were nothing less than a livery servant to Providence, and knew all the household secrets," in regular cabman fashion,and masheth him even as though he (Ferrie) were himself a potato. The other articles are all good, not merely amusing, but furnishing matter for thought. Jerrold's Magazine is a book not merely " for a day, but for all time." Ludwig Fernow on Raphael's Tapestries, which are still preserved in the Vatican. In No. sof the Poetical Remains of Mrs. James Gray, we find some of the most exquisite sciatehes of song t'naE, ever proceeded from the pen of that gifted one, now, alas ! lost to us for ever. The fol lowing " touching little poem," as it is truly described by the Editor, is but too true a picture of the fate of It E WESTAIIIVS TER REV.'S W. a singular fact that the State, governed by the 'cad of the Church, to whom all the faithful look up 411 infallible guide, should abound more with corrup -4%1 exhibit more crime, and be in a more deplorable enadition, considering her position, than any other State hi C hristendom. There is no regular Government. 4 enrehy pre va il s not only among t h e c hi e f s , the car dinal 3 ' and prelates, but i n ever y department venality is car the general ru l e, not the exception. It b eg i ns with the 2 °, and descend s to t h e l owest d omes ti c of any man in te • Never were t h e words o f I ngurt h a s o applicable . Pe-sriatturtaht si ea, present eniptorem invenerit." Decisions of law st d a Equity courts, for j us ti ce i s not known, are bought certain price, or made on hints thrown out by the ! e f t Ing Pontiff or t h e C ar di na l S ecre tary, which no g e t'an afford to disregard ; plunderers and thieves ire ennobledAutry ; bandits, who had long infested the and committed murders innumerable, are made "lectors or commissioners of police, or reclaimed by :r e Pensio ns . A man called M a j occo , w ho had been k w i L liw aYcian for seve n t ee n years, and on whose hea d a o f "had been set, was afterwards employed as captain I'N te° ,„ . llll , te d Police in th e district which abounded with Ass t '"ms of his crimes, and another, equally notorious, ai t i o nl itie commi ssary o f po li ce at. Rome. The Inqui eiyillial "ins to its f u ll ex t en t, though the progress of f or% eti°ll has abated the number of murders. In- L ott e ra are encouraged to accuse falsely their neigh aud reward e d w ith ten years' indulgence by t he ofth or the Faithful—nay, the slightest word from one si Z at ' e ret assassins, or the merest breath of rumour,. e;..`lent for the Cardinal who presides over this ri nd b ettin e t . t a ihanal .to inscribe a name on the roll of the the Bonet-"• Need th e British public then wonder the teg t i ite t attempts of the unfortunate people of humanity tc esea4 , - ee from such a Government, and at the , tie sPotiEZPlayed towards the victims by the most ilaratu l e 44 7" of Italy ? It is only surprising that ° Press — r i t re can submit so long to hopeless misery and bet t a k i L"Lthout end, and that a general rising does horrid `place to put down the most barefaced and 4141 1re. 8 ' 1 ,"7 111 of imposture that ever disgraced human ! l e ear t h - "PcPe would rule all the other kingdoms of tetty 'yet cannot preserve in tolerable order his own 1014 44 3n5, either by Austrian bayonets, or Roman e 4 ) 4 0 er the terrors of his ecclesiastical power. T I ,., ti bieet lvill i galtr act, from an excellent article on these Rein ' ll the present number of the Westminster Nt r ; ,shows that the state of religion in that fine bvern even more deplorable than the te m p oral ed in 1831, the de facto rulers of the Roman States Ole In ' abolishing the Pope's temporal power, not a throughout l their breadth uttered a protest. bud men seize mmon malefactor, violent hands were t letil l i °4 the Cardinal a no Le g ate Benvenuti, who came to foment ed the Army o. the Insurrection, not a single mouth 4, 44 citt- h at l eril e And when the Transtiberines, whose 1 , 4 t fai eb t- SO ge. m uch extolled, discover that bread is too f„"f !send a loaf with their rims, into the stately equi 'Nth " Holiness • the y treat him as the savage treats his k h . 4l th e A O the world . of Italy knows, and nowhere so well prom, from how much intrigue results the no btt° t ,mitn who as the repiesentative, we say not of re, a n -- °' humanit' should be one filled with all intent t.tllll a i t l all love, hailed by the Church, by the wel . come kl4 f ei`ufLl l . All the world knows how the inspiration of r n :e - Spirit (shame that we must so word it) posts to c a l ion ambassador'sportmanteau ; how the reco9l - ti 1, 11 , 13 f Gaetaninoor his like, is more efficacious with b'ety ze ° „J -rather than' sentiments of eternal justice ; how ati tY of enactments for the observance of the Sab the Friee..ete_s be . fore the Fair of Sinegaglia—it's so profitable t oe le o p e r i u t t e L ts h o or in e s r h a o l rt, ew a e li r. spirituality has fallen And how, then, can for its existence temporal ng ) the subjects of that power? rettti,„Y a blind reaction, and estimating religion by its ap ett• h t ",_" under their eye's, the educated youth for the most e i'tsl_por'epipto materialism; the people, save a portio re n fes of s t m h g th e lialf fr a _t_ion l are without belief, even t m ho a u y g s h til p freq uent teoll e tirche u s T m fe a ar, b half fror gazing h t t ait, bl it with ' Curl% curiosity, on y the pomp of cere ;ea llation may un nof with reverence ; their south _besie4ited but the heart is untouched.. 4 : 7 l. e k et h 24 1 1 de Pew . er,. then, not only hated for the evil it 11448tYlatel (e . as an imposture, for the sources whence tttzli. Y . persists in deriving the a . uthority by whose •.existant ; and it may be conceived what degree of Th e 3 t his feeling adds to reaction." 14 9 8,"„ele on " Railway Investment" disposes , in a „, • the-"factory and summary manner, of the theories l l l Nl in etirre ucY doctors and the alarmists on railway Noi -an ' The commencing paragraphs, which we 44 % t il ; I sh evr the principles on which the writer founds 4 tiele *B ; and for his illustrations we refer to the 1 / 4 The f 4,4 44 : 11 Y eat . simple of - the resources of the pri t tl i sh as e an mp d ir m e is ! The circulation by statistical writers t . ic,il aotge_circulation of the Bank of n E si giand is twenty The real and personal property, n therefore, held notes 71ir ee 7Jects is to the amount of Bank of England 11/0 ‘andred to one! 44.elto;t11._er. words, for every five pounds n repres a e n nle n d in b e y ty a .. Romet4loXf)tiZtotd e, th e e n r t e e a d r , e o frrter h e u dred fid property, consist -1 taredls4l,4 houses p , r s e li s ips, agricultural produce, and manu belonging to the people of this realm. y the e nn "etild re q request the attention of all persons interested Pop l'estion of • stment to this fact, and its bearings lie th eerie: f of l currency alarmists." J- THE GIFTED. Oh, wo for those whose dearest themes Must rest within the bosom's fold; Oh, wo for those who live on dreams, Unheeded by the coarse and cold. They have a hidden life akin To nothing in this earthly sphere; They have a glorious world within, Where nothing mortal may appear— A world of song, and flower, and gem, Yet wo for them—oh, wo for them. Such his perplexing wo, who seek, A refuge upon stranger shores ; In vain to foreign ears he speaks, In vain their sympathy implores; The same sad fate a barque might prove, Laden with gold or princely store, Without a guiding star above And an unmeasured deep before. The world dothe scorn them, jibe, contemn: Wo for the gifted, wo for them! The tale of Whychcots is continued ; and we hare, more over, two political articles, one on " Ireland and her Church," and the other entitled " Protestant Union," in both of which Sir Robert Peel, Oaf former object of the almost idolatrous admiration of the writers in the Dublin University Magazine, is attacked with the most envenomed bitterness. We cannot say that we pity him. Born of the people, his natural position was that of a popular leader. He chose, however, not to stand by his order. Like Georges Dandin, he must needs seek to ally himself with the aristocracy, and the political M. de la Dandiniere, finds, like his prototype, when it is past remedy, that he has paid too dear for his whistle—but vous favez voulu Georges Dandin—vous Cavez voulu. BRITISH MUSEUM-NEW MODEL OF THE PARTHENON RESTORED. It must have often entered into the minds of enthu siastic lovers of Grecian sculpture, to wish the attempt to be made by some bold and judicious hand to raise a model of the original Parthenon, presenting it, as far as possible, in all the fullness of its ancient beauty and splendour. The attempt has been made by Mr. Lucas, the sculptor, who, availing himself of all existing re cords and authorities on the subject, material and spe culative, has, with the aid of a well-disciplined judg ment andi fine taste, prepared a complete model of that most perfect and beautiful of Grecian temples. He has now furnished what has always been wanting to the pub lic, viz., a text-book to the "Elgin-room." To those who are unacquainted with the history of Greek sculp ture, or who have not investigated that of these fragments in particular—and thus it is with multitudes who visit them—the marbles have appeared in no other light than a very odd and mysterious assemblage of broken statuary. But now they cannot fail to excite an in terest in the mind of every observer. It will be seen at once that these colossal figures are portions of two groups that once occupied and adorned the pediments of a temple, the pediment being the framework in which the Greeks delighted to display those great mythological and historical representations, so interest ing to their religious and patriotic feelings. In the present instance, the subjects of the pediments are—in the eastern, the Advent of Minerva ; in the western, the Victory of Minerva in her contest with Neptune for the territory of Attica. The drawings of Carrey, made when the latter pediment was nearly perfect, have en abled Mr. Lucas to re-produce this group as originally composed. With regard to the subject of the eastern pediment, it is known from the record of Pausanias, who saw the temple when perfect, that it related to the birth of Minerva ; but in consequence of the early destruction of the central portion, the precise mode in which the subject was treated by the sculptor became a matter of speculation. It has been sup posed that the central figure in the pediment (Jupiter) was represented as being supported by two goddesses, while a small figure of Minerva was seen issuing from his brain. Homer is the authority for this idea. " But (observes Mr. Lucas) although Homer describes the glorious image of Minerva as rising from the brain of Jupiter, and all Nature struck with awe at the splendour of her form and golden plumage, yet, in the adap tation of that moment to sculpture the glorious form of Wisdom, sinks into an insignificant puppet." Hecce he rejects the notion that Phidias adopted this mode of representation ; but rather, as would be far more fitting in a temple peculiarly dedicated to her honour, "by the introduction of the goddess to the august assemblage of the gods on Olympus—a subject in the highest degree imposing, and admitting of a sculptural treatment of the greatest majesty." A view of the matter in which Mr. Lucas is supported by several ex cellent authorities. The sculptor's reasonings for the manner in which he has employed and connected the fragments that remain of the central group in this eastern pediment, are remarkably acute, and the re sult is, that he has reconstructed the whole into a splendid composition—thoroughly Grecian, and strictly harmonising with what remains of the ancient de sign. The ninety-two sculptured Metopes are re stored, and the beautiful frieze also, representing the sacred procession to the Temple, which was cele brated every fifth year in honour of Minerva, and which embraces in its composition all the external observances of the highest festival of the Athenians. The frieze extends completely round the Temple, placed imme diately below the ceiling of the porticos. Here a beau tiful effect has been produced by a light blue ground to which the white carving is attached. The ori ginal frieze occupied, slab after slab, a space of 524 feet in length. As a connected subject, this was the most extensive piece of sculpture ever made in Greece. A restoration of this frieze adorns our own = Athe neum. The shields of gilt metal, of which traces re main on the original walls, are here replaced, together with the inscriptions between them, and even the minutest embellishment has been executed with the highest finish, that nothing may be wanting to convey the general effect of ; the whole. The interior of the Temple is restored in the same exquisite manner. In the eastern compartment stands the Goddess in her garment of ivory and gold, wearing her golden helmet crested with a sphynx, and bearing in one hand a figure of Victory, in the other a golden spear. Next to the first impression of grandeur and sublimity which fills the mind of the spectator in look ing at the Parthenon, is the unity of thought which pervades its composition. Dedicated by the Athe nians to the worship and glory of their tutelar goddess, the genius of the great sculptor has made every de tail expressive of homage and honour to the Athe nian deity, or descriptive of the renown of her wor shippers. Thus in the eastern pediment we have the advent of Minerva. In the western, her victory over the god Neptune, in their contest for Attica. The Metopes relate to actions of Minerva herself, and of the principal Athenian heroes, including the me morable contest between the Centaurs and the Lapithas. The worship of the goddess expressed in the frieze has been mentioned. The restoration of this work is es pecially useful, as it furnishes the finest example ever given to the world of the use and beauty of sculpture, combined with architecture. In it these sister arts are so wonderfully blended that the sculpture is an essential element in the architectural com position. It has been said with truth—" Nowhere does the genius of sculpture seem so great as in the Parthenon." And never did we feel the truth of Mr. Haydon's eloquent comparison of three great master so forcibly as when contemplating this model. Speaking of Raphael, Michael Angelo, and Phidias—" Raphael," said he, " was an angel, Michael Angelo was a giant, but Phidias was a god,l" A companion model, re presenting the Parthenon in its dilapidated state in the 17th century, is in progress by the same artist. The one we have described has been purchased by the British Museum, and will stand in the Elgin room. Each model is twelve feet long, by nearly six in width. CHARGE AGAINST A MOTHER FOR ATTEMPTING TO MURDER HER CHILD.—A mother stands charged with no less a crime than that of endeavouring to murder her ille gitimate male child, not three weeks old, by leaving it quite naked and uncovered. in a field, exposed to the cold wind and pittiless storm of Saturday evening last. Between five and six o'clock on the evening of Saturday, the 29th ult., as John Staßari and his wife, of the parish of Bosbury, in this county, were returning from Castle Froome, when crossing a field near the " Races," (the residence cf the Rev. Edward Higgins), they thought they heard the cry of a child, and, proceeding to the spot, found a male child under the hedge. The rain was then descending heavily, and the poor deserted infant was very cold and wet. On Tuesday Harriett Bowkett, the mother of the child, was fully committed to take her trial at the next assizes at Hereford, for the intent to commit murder.—Hereford Times. RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS.—The Government continues to make the greatest efforts to extend and develop the commercial relations between the Russians and the different tribes of the mountains of the Caucasus, especially on the eastern shores of the Black Sea, which are now occu pied by the most warlike savage tribes of those countries. The Government considers that commercial relations with those districts are the surest means of softening their man ners and spreading civilisation amongst them. Symptoms converts Gerretesk and their of disturbance iad been manifested in Li vo nia in conse qwuheincchehoafvtehele4ntuomceorollsioconsnvbweertsioenesn to o he the nv Protestant neighbours. A Cossack regiment has been sent t o restore tranquillity. —Augsburg Gazette. CAUTION TO YUBLISHERS.—Henry Paterson, sta tioner, Auchtermuchty, pursued the Rev. T. Martin, Strath miglo, for the value of the Penny Cyclopsedia from July. 1841, to December, 1543, amounting to 21. ss. The Sheriff- Substitute assoilmed the defendant, the publishers having pledged themselves, in the first volume, to complete the work in twenty volumes, whereas it extended to twenty seven volumes. The Sheriff held that the publishers were bound to complete the work, and that the subscribers and purchasers were not bound to . pay for more than twenty volumes, in terms of the publishers' pledge.— Scotch Re formers' Gazette. ANOTHER MATCH BETWEEN CLASPER AND PO COCK. —Many of Poco ck's admirers be i ng needlessly doubtful as to whether the l has ch eerfully issued a a challenge Glasseron the lyne aft9rded fair trial of t t h o e p p oc a o rt e i k e , s, 100 to 200 soya. a side, 20 folira"aiot hyierrceptral of his strength. The challenge is, to row a sculler's m atch for sous. each •to be deposited immediately, to come off on the one within eight mo uths. This spirited offer of the uncoil. qu erable son of the " canny cealy Tyne ' will at once test the sincerity of those who at present are so clamorous about Po cock's abilities. EARL FITZWILLIAM.—We regret extremely that the absence of this patriotic nobleman from England will prevent him from taking p art in the proceedings for the establishment of those principles of free-trade which his en • lightened mind began to advocate when other statesmen were only feeling their way to truth and sound policy. And our regret for his Lordship's absence is the stronger, because he will not be present to give t he sanction of his . name and station to the approaching m eetin g for the opening of the ports and the repeal of the obnoxious corn-laws) In the west Biding of this county. -Leedi Mercury. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNTG, DECEMBER 9, 1845. CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN INDIA. (From the illanchcaier Guardian.) We are exceedingly glad to be eLahted to communi.- cate to our readers some facts of a very encouraging nature, derived from the report of a deputation from the Manchester Commercial Association, appointed to confer with the Directors of the East India Company, on the importar.ce of an increased and improved supply of cotton from India. Tho deputation consisted of the Chairman of the Association, James Aspinall Turner, Esq.; Wil liam Steuart, Esq. ; James Atherton, Esq. ; and John Peel, Esq.; and we learn from their report, made to the Directors of the Commercial Association on Thursday last, that having obtained an appointment with Sir Henry Willock, the chairman, and Mr. Hogg, the deputy-chair man, of the Court of Directors, they waited upon these gen tlemen at the East India House on the 28th ult., and were received by them in a manner which showed the import- ance attached by the Court to the object of their mission. The deputation, after referring to the interest manifested about five years ago by the East India Company in the improved cultivation of cotton, and the visits made by the chairman, deputy-chairman, and other members of the Court, to Liverpool and Manchester, for the pur- pose of obtaining information on the h u i)j ec t, expressed their full belief that that interest continued unabated ; than a million of pounds of American cotton will be produced. The culture has been taken up by the na tives, who find it more profitable than any other, as they get more of it per acre, and obtain a higher price for it, without extra expense in culture. The seed, in stead of deteriorating, seems to Mr. Mercer to improve, and to re-assume more of its Mexican character, and he has no doubt of the complete success and extended culture of American cotton in this district, especially as a few of the natives have bought and are using the American gins. It only requires eapital to be applied to it by those interested in the improvement and ex tension of cotton culture in India. As the climate of Dharwar is favourable, there is no doubt that there is much of very similar climate throughout Central India, where so much cotton is already grown by the natives, and which tract the present experiments seem to have avoided, for the sake of keeping near water carriage. The favourable soil and climate may be found in various parts of the Souther Mahratta country—Deccen, Can deish, the territories of Nagpore and Hydk rabad, ex tending almost to Cuttack and to Burallecund. above the G bents, and to Malwa. Guzerat may also be fa vourable. Hence there is ample space for the continued, almost unlimited extension of cotton culture in India. OCCASIONAL SKETCHES-HERE but observed, that they could not help expressing some disappointment that so long a period had elapsed without . any appearance of the expected improvement, as the cotton imported from India was as defective as ever, both in quality and cleanliness. They observed that this dis appointment was strongly felt in the manufacturing district, more especially at the present time, owing to the critical position of our relations with the United States. After pointing out at some length the deficiency in the staple of the different varieties of East India cotton, which were illustrated by samples, and adverting to the loss and inconvenience sustained by cotton spin ners from the dirty and unmerchantable state in which East India cotton was too frequently received in this country, the deputation expressed a desire to obtain in formation as to the prospects of an improved culture of cotton in India, and to be favoured with the opinion of the Court of Directors as to the ultimate success of the efforts Which they understood to have been used for that purpose. Ihe CHAIRMAN, in reply, expressed his satisfaction that the deputation had done the Court of Directors the justice to believe, that their attention and efforts had already been directed to the important subject of im proving and extending cotton cultivation in India. He assured the deputation that the Court was fully aware of the importance of this subject both to this country and to India, and that their continued efforts might be fully de pended on. He begged to remind the deputation, that the East India Company were prevented now by law from becoming either cultivators of the soil, or from engaging in mercantile transactions ; that such occupa tions and undertakings must be conducted by private capital and industry, aided and encouraged by the Com pany ; that the Company bad not ceased, by all the means in their power, to foster and promote such im provements as were practicable. That they had sent out, at considerable expense to themselves, persons competent to conduct experimental farms, and to in struct the native population in the better cultivation and cleaning of their cotton; that they have provided a great number of machines which had been lent to the natives; that large quantities of uncleaned cotton had been pur chased from the growers, and resold to them, after hav ing been cleaned by the Company's machines, in order to encourage them to procure and to use such machines themselves. That the culture of cotton from American seed had been carried on to a considerable extent; and although it appeared that suck cottoa deteriorated in quality in the Bengal and Madras districts, owing to the want of a proper degree of moisture (an evil, however, which might probably beremedied by proper irrigation), it had been found that on planting the same seed in the Dharwar district, the cotton produced retained its American character ; and that, moreover, the seed raised from the plant grown in that district produced cotton better than even that produced from the Ame rican seed originally planted. That it had been ascer tained, that this district of Dharwar was admirably suited for the culture of cotton from American seed ; that the climate there had been compared with the dis trict of the Mississippi ; that a very large surface of land was available for the purpose ; and that, at the pre sent time, upwards of 15,000 acres were under cultiva tion, and producing cotton of superior quality. That it appeared that this cotton being found to be of so su perior a quality to that usually grown, was eagerly pur chased by the native manufacturers, and that conse quently little of it comparatively bad yet found its way to this country. Anxious, however, that the English spinners should have an opportunity of fairly testing its qualities in comparison with American cotton, the Court of Directors had sent out orders that 5,000 bales of the best and cleanest cotton which could be procured, should be purchased in each of the three presidencies, and shipped to this country. The deputation were reminded that all that came within the province of the Company was to foster and encourage the efforts of others ; aria : , this they were most anxious to do, being per fecry aware of the importance of the object, both to this country and even more to India, inasmuch as success must very materially increase the revenues of the Com paq. It was recommended, that enterprising men in Mtinchester should turn their attention to the subject ; thie they should form establishments for buying the cotton from the natives, cleaning and exporting it to this country ; and the chairman felt confident that more would be accomplished by Manchester heads and Man chester cash than anything that could be done by the Court of Directors. AND THERE. No. 11. A MASS MEETING, AND DANIEL WEBSTER. The recent speech of Mr. Daniel 'Webster on the subject of Oregon having again placed him prominently before the British public, a slight sketch of him may not be uninterest ing. In the month of August, 1844, T had the pleasure of hearing the celebrated American orator on American ground, and, as the occasion and the scene were of a novel character, I will endeavour to describe both. At the time to which I have referred the Presidential elec tion was going on, and Mr. Clay's friends were sanguine in their expectations that " HARRY OF TILE Eat" would fill the chair at Washington. To make, however, assurance doubly sure, Mr. Webster was engaged to visit some of the principal cities of the Union, for the purpose of delivering Whig orations; and it was whilst I was residing at Phila delphia he visited that place. As soon as it became known that Mr. Webster would visit the city of Brotherly Love, many and vast were the prepara tions which were made to give him a hearty reception, for the Americans are justly proud of their greatest orator. Flags were unfurled in every direction—new banners were painted, transparencies almost covered the fronts of some of the houses, and ash poles, as if by magic, sprung out of the ground in front of every 'Whig public-house. " Protec tion to American Industry," in letters a yard long, met the eye at every turn, and caricatures of Mr. Polk, in the character of an auctioneer, disposing of articles of foreign manufacture, to the great grief and dismay of American artisans, whilst Mr. Clay proudly waved the " stars and stripes" over a batch of mechanics, indicating that a tariff would protect them, were rife. " Coons" in very victorious attitudes over dead "cocks," or "roosters," as our transitliatic friends mo destly call them, were plentifully, displd, and every draper's window was filled from top', to s hWom with little portraits of Mr. Clay on slips of riblfitn, with which gentle men decorated their coat-lappels. Even pocket-handker chiefs became political, and exhibited Mr. Clay's portrait, which, by the by, formed a pleasing contrast to that of his rival, Mr. Polk, inasmuch as the latter was universally re presented as a fierce, almost ferocious, and absolutely a very gtim gentleman, whilst Mr. Clay figured as a smiling senator, and the very pink of politeness and future presidents. The Market-street of Philadelphia is an immensely long, very straight thoroughfare, and lined on either side by the stores of merchants who were, almost to a man, the supporters of Mr. Clay, and the tariff which their candidate advocated. On this occasion they did not neglect to show their zeal by deco rating their houses from the summits to the basements; and really a prettier sight could scarcely be imagined than that which Market-street presented on the day of the meeting. large number of these stores belonged to dry-goods merchants, or wholesale linendrapers, as we should call them ; and these gentlemen had selected pieces of goods of the most brilliant and showy colours, with which they festooned the fronts of their houses, or wreathed them around triumphal arches, which spanned the broad street. Not a chimney was to be seen without a bright flag surmounting it, and not a window which had not a bright face peeping out of it. And over all this gay scene was an American blue, cloudless sky, and a clear trans parent pure atmosphere, which, like varnish on a picture, brought vividly out all the colours ; and as from the countless chimneys issued no smoke to cast its pall over the city, it well may be supposed that Market-street was the brightest of streets, for that day at least; and as every now and then a cannon would boom from a house-top, or a six-barrelled Colt's revolving pistol would show its smoking muzzle from a window, it would have been no easy matter to have found a noisier one. The Mass Meeting was appointed to be held in a field about a mile distant from the city, and, anxious to secure a good place, in which I might see and hear all, I repaired thither, instead of waiting in Market-street to witness from one of the windows the procession which was to escort Mr. Webster. The spot was a very suitable one for the purpose. In front of a sloping piece of ground, covered with the greenest and softest grass, on which row above row thousands of people might sit, each having a full view of the speaker, was erected a large platform roofed with shingles, in order to shelter the speakers from the fierce rays of the sun, which was almost raining down heat. In front of the stage, or stand, was a little projecting place, somewhat resembling a pulpit, for the orator; on either side of it were desks for the reporters, and behind it, the chairman's seat, and benches for the prominent personages who were to be present. Anxious to obtain a seat on the platform, I pro ceeded to the staircase leading to it, when I was prevented ascending by a gentleman with a roll of paper tied with blue ribbon, to represent a marshal's baton, in his hand, who politely informed me that the platform was reserved for the members of Mr. Clay's committee and the reporters of the public press. I said I wished to go up ; but the gentleman was firmly courteous, and I was about to wheel round to the front of the stand when I encountered one of the committee of arrangements, whom I knew to be so by the ribbon in his button-hole, and to him I applied for permission to occupy the desired seat on the stand, informing him that I was a stranger, and wished much to enjoy a fa• vourable opportunity of hearing Mr. Webster before I re turned to England. " Oh 1 you are from England, are you?" observed the gen tleman. " Well, Sir, I shall be happy to do all in my power to get you up." And then he sent to another gentleman, by whom I sfas passed to a third, who very courteously con ducted me to one of the very best seats, and seemed anxious to make me comfortable, it appeared to me, just because I was an Englishman. I declare I never met with more gentlemanly treatment anywhere, and I very much question if, at a political meeting in my own country, I should have been similarly well treated. And I would observe here, that this was not a solitary instance of American courtesy, fur wherever I went I received the most polite attention and the readiest service. In one instance, indeed, I thought politeness was pushed over the verge of patriotism ; for, on the occasion of my visiting a town in Massachusetts, on a 4th of July celebration, just before the "Declaration of Inde pendence" was read, in which occur some very strong remarks on the conduct of King George the Third, the gentleman who was to read it, and who happened to sit next to me, smilingly hoped " that I should not feel offended at what was going to be said about the King." About three o'clock in the afternoon the booming of cannon, the blasting of trumpets, and the deep roll of drums, mingled at intervals with the flourishing of fifes, the reedy sounds of clarionets, and the growlings of bassoons, proclaimed that the procession was approaching ; and not long afterwards two very busy-looking gentlemen, in cocked hats, with blue scarfs, and having paper batons in their hands, gallopped fiercely up to the stand, round and round which they cur vetted and cantered, giving orders, arid then they gallopped back again to meet the corning procession, the head of which was to be seen entering the field, whilst the tune of " Yankee Doodle" was played with tremendous energy by the band. It was a two-mile long procession, almost as lengthy as the sea-serpent which, according to veracious chroniclers, is to be seen every year off Nahant. On, and on, and on it came, winding round the field, the cheers of the vast multitude every now and then proclaiming that some popular personage had been recognised by the mob. Like a monstrous snake of many brilliant colours, it was seen winding its sinuous course through the dense crowd, a part of it now flashing in the bril liant sunshine, and other portions of soberer hues being scarcely distinguishable from the dense crowds by which it was surrounded and hemmed in. About thirty bands, placed equi-distant from each other, sent forth in turns their music, and what with this, the firing, the huzzas, the enthu siasm of the men, and the excitement, heightened beauty of the women, a more inspiriting sight could not be well ima flirted. The most distinguished members of the procession were received by the committee, who stood at the head of the platform stairs, and directed them to their allotted seats. Of course I cannot even allude to a twentieth part of these favoured individuals, who were either judges, senators, mem bers of Congress, or of the State Legislature, or well known Whig orators. I, however, had my particular attention drawn to one, who, from the cheers with which he was greeted, I judged must be some one of consequence. He rode a white horse, very richly caparisoned, and on his alighting from it and ascending the platform-stairs, very great deference and respect was shown him. He was some • what advanced in years, for his hair was snow-white, and he seemed somewhat feeble. His face was florid, and he had a pair of bright, keen, grey eyes, which now seemed lighted up with pleasurable excitement. He was short of stature, stout, and punchy in frame, and looked mere like a com fortable English gentleman-farmer than an American. In his hand he held a beautiful bouquet; several wreathes of flowers hung on his arm, and a brilliant floral scarf was thrown carelessly around his portly person. These tokens of admiration had been bestowed upon him by fair ladies during his progress to the place of meeting; and to ex plain why, it may be as well to state that he was the popular Whig candidate for the governorship of the state of Pennsyl vania, which high and honourable post, however, he failed to obtain, a more fortunate gentleman, who professed democratic principles, and rejoiced in the euphonious name of Shunk, having beaten General Markle by many hundred votes. " That's him ; yonder's Black Dan ; here he comes !" And the shouting, which before was loud enough, is increased ten fold as the man of the day is recognised. "Three cheers for old Massachusetts !" " Three good-'uns for the old Bay State !" " Three cheers for Dan Webster !" are proposed and given with hearty good-will, as the observed of all ob servers mounts the staircase with slow and almost solemn steps, looking right a-head, and seeming to pay no more attention to the noise than if he was deaf as a post. On reaching the floor of the stand he half turns round, and slightly bends his body, and then retiring be hind the foremost row of gentlemen, coolly divests himself of his huge worsted comforter, shakes hands with one or two friends, and then pulling down his hat over his brows, he seats himself on a bench, and folding his arms on his broad chest, quietly surveys the vast audience, which rise row above row, to their natural amphitheatre, until first features, then forms become indistinct, and, at length, far up and away, a dense many -coloured mass above is to be seen, bounded by a line of flags,which flutter gaily, against a back ground of sky which, it is no exaggeration of description to say, is " richly, deeply, beautifully blue." The proceedings commenced by a very good, but a very long, prayer, by a clergyman; then followed speeches which were listened to with manifest impatience, and at length it was stated that Mr. Webster would move the next resolution. The cheering which followed this announcement was, as the theatrical people say, " immense." Men flourished their hats, women waved their handkerchiefs, and the voices of thirty thousand people hailed the orator's name with a noisy welcome. After a few minutes he rose, slowly divesfedohenmc; self of his brown over coat, and then waiting until o s could be obtained he stood uncovered, svith f mass gazing with those marvellous eyes of his dr u_ s oo s. n tlpil ehadn l human beings whom he was about to ad e flowers to decorate his person— no ornaments, indeed, of any kind. I should as soon expected to have seen a giant attained a ed with coral and bells, as to have seen Daniel Webster bouquet in his button-hole. He was a man rather above than beneath the ordinary werfully built, baying a broad, height, very strongly , e ven po Various samples of cotton were exhibited, to show the progress which had been made, both in improving the quality of cotton grown in India, and in the mode of cleaning it. Those samples , which were grown in Madras and Bengal, had the same short and tender staple which has always characterised the cotton im ported from those districts ; whereas the samples grown in the Dharwar district, from American seed, were very superior, as were also some samples of indigenous cotton, grown also in Dharwar ; and to whatever extent such cotton can be produced, the deputation feel no doubt, it would form a substitute fur a similar quantity of middling and fair American cotton. The CHAIRMAN, in conclusion, intimated to the depu tation, that the Court of Directors would be glad to communicate again with the Manchester Commercial Association, and to give attenti on t o an y i n f orma tion or suggestions which might be br oug ht b e f ore th em o n thi s i m portant subject. During the interview, the chairman and deputy chairman of the Court of Directors were attended by their secretary, Mr. Melvill, and the botanist of the Company, Dr. Royle, both 9f whom showed an intimate acquaintance with the culti va ti on o f c otton in India. . Dr. Royle. particular, is well known to have paid great attention to the subject, and he has since trans mitted to the deputation a report upon the progress of improved cultivation in Indi a , w hich was read at the interview with the chairman and deputy-chairman of the East India Company, which we are enabled to subjoin, and which, though it repeats, to some extent, the statements of the chairman, will be interesting to many of our readers:-- OBSERVATIONS ON THE COTTON EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA, BY DR. ROYLE. The experiments on the culture of the American cot ton in India, and of the native cotton, according to the American method, as well as on the cleaning of cotton with American gins, were commenced in 1840 by ten A mer ican planters ; th ree o f w h om , however, very shortly gave up their engagement. The experiments on the cleaning of cotton seems to have been completely successful, as the work was done effectively, quickly, and cheaply, with very little injury to the staple, as is evident by the reports of brokers, and by the prices at which the cotton was sold at Liverpool. The native weavers also bought the native cotton at an increased price, as more valuable to them on account of its cleanness, &i. Groups of gins established in favourable situations would afford a large supply of very good cotton for the English manufacturer, and the undertaking would yield a good profit, especially if the same parties could ex port it. The culture of American cotton in India has not been so successful. It failed in the northern part of the Ben gal presidency from two very dry seasons, and also from the general dryness of the soil and climate at particular times ; and apparently owing to the American planters not employing irrigation at these times, as is done in the similar climate of Egypt. The culture of American cotton failed at Broach and at Goruckpore and Rungpore, from the excessive heat and dryness of the weather immediately the rains ceased, that is, late in September and early in October ; like wise from the depredations of innumerable insects. But even. in these situations, the cotton plants recovered themselves and yielded some cotton, It is probable that a little irrigation, even at the end of September or be ginning of October, might save the plants, by enabling them to support the enormous evaporation caused by the great dryness. Too much moisture, however, causes the plants to run too much into leaf. Bengal side co ns id er ed the improvement. On In all these situations t he culture of the native cot ton was much improved by tse partial ado p tion of the American method, that is, as far as suitable to the cli nalttiev.atiTonheas ib pl s a u n s t e e e r p s t on leo the fgreat the Bombay side the native culture is more, indeed by some highly, approved of. Mr. Mercer states that the cotton of Centrallndia is g enerally of g ood q ualit y , and some of it long in staple , wh en g rown in good bla ck lands. It requires only more careful picking, cleaning, and packing. At Coimbatore, though the climate is not alto ether g favourable, the culture of American cotton has now pro ceeded for some years, and though with occasional draw backs, yet upon the whole with success. The draw backs have been a few storms and occasional droughts ; but cotton, which has been highly approved of by Man only attended the ex perimentaland it is remarkable chester manufacturers, has been produced ; and Dr. an cotton was produced Wight, the superintendent, is of opinion that he can carry on the culture with profit. that h a C o s m o p m l t e e oc culture lsuccessttuhree best e h f s a t s , however,Ame rDharwar,ic here in 1834 (the specimens are still in the India House, and were seen by Mr. Mercer and other planters when in London). showing that there must be some permanent cause for this uniform effect. The cause is no doubt the climate, which Mr. Mercer says is more like the Missis sippi climate than any he has been in in India. The elevation (being above the Ghauts) modifies the climate, which also feels the influence of both monsoons and rains, so that it never becomes excessively dry, and is never inundated with too much rain, as the force of the moonsoon is broken on the Ghauts or mountain ous range. The culture of American cotton has here been yearly increasing in quantity, from 600 acres the first year (1842), to, it is calculated, 15,000 acres this year, when Mr. Mercer thinks that not less cape, ions chest and limbs, of sturdy and yet by no means clumsy formation. But his head was what attracted and rivetted attention—and such a head as Daniel Webster's, I believe, was never before placed on mortal shoulders. It is peculiarly large ,and so prominent about the temples, that it seems as if an immense quantity of brain had been packed into the cranium whilst it was soft in those regions, and had caused it to bulge out. The forehead is massive and ample, and protrudes somewhat in front. It is sur mounted by carelessly arranged darkish brown hair, slightly streaked with grey. His eyebrows are very large, and ascend from within outwards. His nose is short, somewhat nobbed at the end, and looks as though it were grafted on his face, rather than grew there ; and his mouth is thin-lipped and compressed. Slight whiskers appear on either cheekbone, and his complexion, dark and swarthy, has earned for him amongst his countrymen the soubriquet of " Black Dan." But the most remarkable features in Mr. Webster's face are his eyes. Carlyle (I believe) said they were like blast furnaces blown out, when in repose. They are large, dark, and deeply-situated in cavernous openings, the roofs of which are formed by the upper portions of the huge orbits, the shaggy brows forming a species of pent- house lids to them. Dark and shadowed as they are before he commences speaking, they are objects of attraction ; but when the blaze of his own elo quence kindles them, they glow like living coals, and are dia bolically beautiful. He commences his speech in a low, deep, yet perfectly distinct tone, and silence instantly per vades the vast multitude. As he proceeds, the volume of his voice increases, until, like a majestic stream, it flows onward in its deep charnel with resistless power. He does not deal largely in tropes or metaphors; and yet, occasionally, lie delights with the most poetical passages. His style of oratory is not the ornate, but the massive, and he is rather clear and forcible than florid or captivating. Appealing to reason and good sense, rather than to feeling and pas sion, he produces almost marvellous effects. He softens his audience by the beauty of his style and dic tion, and then, down he comes with the pon derous sledgehammer of his eloquence, and moulds them to his will. His eloquence, contrasted with that of another distinguished American orator, Mr. Choate, is as the simple grandeur of a pyramid in opposition to the ele gance of a Corinthian temple. The effect of his speech on the occasion to which I am especially referring cannot be better described than by adopting the unconsciously correct criticism of a Yankee from Connecticut, who-stood near me, and exclaimed at its conclusion, " Well, I guess, as every word in that ere speech weighed a paound." Sidney Smith, when asked what he thought of Mr. Webster, after hearing a speech which the American made at an agricultural dinner in Oxford, expressed the same astonishment in a different manner—" What do I think of him, Sir?" said the witty canon, " why, he is a steam-engine in breeches, Sir." Mr. Webster is unquestionably the foremost man of Ame rica, and well may the citizens of the Old Boy State, as well, indeed, as those of the entire Union, be proud of him. His name is never mentioned but with admiration, and seldom by Massachusetts men without enthusiasm, and he deserves the almost universal homage which he receives. As a debater he has not his equal on the floor of the Senate, and his crushing defeat of Mr. Hague who was, a few years since, pitted by the South against him, will long deter any new arts tagonist from entering thelists with him. An American writer, with whom we only disagree when he places him above Burke, says of our subject— " Daniel Webster has written his name in our history. He has graven it indelibly on the rocks of our hills. He has as sociated it in some way with all that is grand and peculiar about us. 'Whatever may be the effects of Time upon his reputation as a politician, unless the world return to barba rism, it cannot destroy his fame as an author. If I were to compare him to any foreigner, it would be to Burke. But he is a far greater man than the Irish Colossus. His genius is more universal. He is more chaste. His style and argu ment are more compact. His learning is more various and profound. The literature of the language has no more splendid rhetoric or faultless logic. Born almost contempo raneously with the nation, he has grown with its growth, strengthed with its strength, and become an impersonation of its character." As of all other great men, many amising anecdotes are related of Mr. Webster. I will only inflict one upon the reader, who will, I think, agree with me that it is not a bad one. The distinguished man, just before Lafayette's last visit to America, formed one in a fishing-party in Massa chusetts Bay. He had been selected to deliver to the welcoming speech to the Frenchman on his ap proaching visit, and during his occupation of hauling up cod-fish and tantog, he was observed to be very abstracted. It appeared afterwards that he must have been studying that part of his speech in which he afterwards addressed Lafayette, for a gentleman who was fishing next him ob served him pulling in his line, hand over hand, with some difficulty, as if a large fish was hooked, yet without exhibit ing any satisfaction on his face at having captured a prize. At length the fish was seen approaching the surface and gleaming through the green waters, like a lively bladder of quicksilver; still Webster'a face gave no smiling welcome; but just as the fish came to the surface, he burst out with " Venerable man ! the representative of the two hemispheres, welcome to our shores," and down flopped the " monster cod" on the deck ! The recent speech of Mr. Webster, in Boston, has added new lustre to his already bright reputation. It has been hailed with as much satisfaction by politicians on this side of the water, as to the men of Massachusetts in Faneuil Hall; and from a personal knowledge of the latter, I hesitate not to say that a more high-minded and enlightened race of men nowhere exists. Well would it be for America if, in her high places, were seated such clear-headed politicians as Daniel Webster; and higher than it is would be her position in the scale of nations were all her citizens as just and as generous as those of the " Old Bay State." WHIZ. REMINISCENCES OF OUR DOLMAN'S MAGAZINE. b; 4 /ZOLD , s SHILLING MAGAZINE. kidL i g l as Jerrold has now completed his second volume, ti tle ; 41 g the su ccess w hich has attended this maga fils oar s free to confess that there is more hea rt in - reading üblic than, twelve months since, Alfai t i .e(4ll- have imagined. Connected with no great po tol4l Or religious party, in fact diametrically opposed es Atl,oll.,.(trties, religious and political, as mere parti ilL 'e ill the true, not the sectarian sense of the word bo tl o_ 4l rather than a political or a religious reformer ; aerrold took his stand as the great assertor o kti ti o; lB human nature against all oligarchical usur t44l4ls ' and he has maintained it nobly ; for twelve 40 h he has fought the good fight, and the . Ikely t trs 4t 114 Magazine is still alive and flourishing, and t Nt s ; fl ourish, is a proof that there are more hones t tltl th to England than our party leaders wot of, aye, t t hose hearts are surmounted by shrewd heads, 2Po t ll : 11 g sharp eyes, which see through the veil fain Zrop il in which the soi-disant good people would rciliti themselves. Let the Cantwells of religion,. of 114 5 4 , Of l iterature, look to it—their occupation well 41 e ec i il ll , B * The holes in their coats are all discovered, ls has taken a note of them — Ti• le b „ "And faith he'll prent it." th 4 1 44 e11t numler commences with the 20 th chapt er I, l 4l7.'" i story of St. Giles and St. James." The scene t l , the b oroug h o f Li quor i s h d ur ing the election. ntli t l James the arist ocratical candidate, accom '°t t oti - D l l 7 Fold e r and Tangle, goes down to the t tkir on which occasion Dr. Gilead, the pluralist , 4 les , s q . t esehes a sermon , inculcating the duty of reve atttioli'l obedience to superiors. Among the congre- ZY 6 , 41. e 6 %stick and Bright Jem. The latter, as 4 14 - walkin g through the church-yard, on their k 611 walking serves : )al toZ t i t t o , r ut a ti nice sermon, wasn't it? Perhaps a little too 4 4 ( t 4 1.1k ...t k etl, n te g o p u e g o .h pi n e people's heads; but still it was o o w ve a r nd then to be sure, the doctor did, 1 ,11 11 ,:t to ' t ail' a little too much upon himself. How he did 4 4 0 11 ! u ln who he said were out of the palings of the 4 h a 41 .°w he did dress 'em to be sure ! And how, upon le_ 4 et hority, he said they'd suffer. 111144 n said ' Ca stick—for so he dignified Jem when r ( t xi ",, eB „,solemn P " James, do you recollect image, w er o o da ur "4” , ,i -e u-1, Let us make man in our own aft ',hisl4 4l d think I did," said Jem, unconsciously pulling L tl 4 l 44 e tr l e t hat's beautiful and consoling, isn't it? And what hi ti lre is Man, so long as he always has these words to iL t4° lvi tl , e3 'es, and so tries to do nothing but . what shall be tlaf.‘"rthy of his likeness! To do this, James, to 10, 0 , -I 'lo4d a pleasant place—and to have everybody our c ,;gt I' '''et US. And God said, Let us make man _ o _ v ick, a This • is beautiful: but it's sad, it's me_la i n u ch eu k r Ztse,l 4l , when man says, Let us make God 11 1 be g ~I 1)t to t o ur pardon," said Jem, " it's utterly unpossible. !;1 0 „ 4 s o) „ done, no how. Vii" " 8 been done for thousands of years ; when bmeianng %kr, day Jem tared " Yes, Jem ; for 10 19.1., 8 h n in the name of ahr rAtterS, persecutes man--when, e , 11 4 -4 44(1 - ' l / 2 ILS he says, vindicating God, he commits vio . cruelty upon his fellow-creatures, then does . he o , w i n n ko;t• SR tillreranee, make for a time his Maker make God his i ll Ike r evengeful nature—then does he . ge 1 1 4 ,1 k a , L ook at the burnings and roastings of poor itl Q"its hangings and quarteringa,_ its imprisonment htkap does name of . religion. What are all these, but tbik'r7, all wickedness in the name of God; that tif tt 7ti e ; 14 1*(4 is pleased with . what pleases his own vile, s neh f I re and as I take it—and it can't be denied — I' u ssbion it is, that man makes God after his owr . i . h o p lenY folks—poor souls—think this the best r . i . s phei t ;;7 l , it's nothing more nor less than worst •s• • o i ci • , , et , and Tangle dine at the rectory, and both im -4•44.l.etttilet more than enough of the rector's port. %lint- retires to his bed at the inn drunk, and young 14 41: 1 w ho, with Tom Blast, has followed St. Giles to tNl ll i 2 4ll ' ha ving concealed himself in Tangle's bed -1101 - on the p o i nt of getting possession o f t h e k ey Nu % ° Pens the closet, in which is contained the pre ehase "-sket of treasure, destined by Tangle to pur ,etorathe suffrages o f , the free and independent Th e of Liquorish, when the chapter closes. titl e ur")°eial Position and Character of the Bar " is the are h p , th e n ext paper, i n w hi c h th e arroga nt lawyers t-t 4 f I gllt down t o t h e i r j ust level. It i s a me l anc h o l y tW ord "t the l aw is more frequently the " two-edged llop, a , o cr aft and o pp ress i on " t h an " t h e staff of ter tre l: and the shield of innocence." Many are the eNts_ Lr uths t o l d in this paper, and the writer has not trop 4ted the evils which arise from the present posi tram r e tie law and lawyers. The re me dy f or this is a tip ti offorni and simplification of the law—the forma - g e neral code, as is the case in other countries. In the present number Mr. Leicester S. F. Bucking ham brings his paper, entitled " Mary Queen of Scots and Lord Brougham," to a conclusion. It is evident that Mr. Leicester Buckingham is an enthusiast in the cause of Mary, and, like all enthusiasts, he suffers his feelings to run away with his judgment, and is rather eloquent than logical. The greater part of the present portion of his paper is devoted to the consideration of the Babington conspiracy ; and Mr. Buckingham, admitting that Mary was aiding and abetting that conspiracy as far as it re lated to the dethronement of Elizabeth, denies that she was cognizant of the plot connected with it fer the as sassination of the Queen, grounding this assertion upon the allegation that the decipherment of Mary's letter, which was given in evidence, contained " an interpola tion in the convicting passage." Now, although Mr. Buckingham has, in our opinion, completely failed in proving that this was the case, we will not now go into any argument with him on that point, because he him self gives other evidence which proves that Mary knew of the intention of the conspirators to assassinate Eliza beth. Speaking of the declaration made by Nau (Mary's secretary) to James 1., as given by Lingard, he says — "The boldness of this declaration, consistent as it is in every point with his former remonstrance to Elizabeth, and the entire absence from his deposition of any point in the smallest degree inculpating Mary, may surely justify us in claiming him as a witness in her defence." Be it so. We give Nau to Mr. Buckingham, as a witness for the defence, and therefore it is not in he mouth of the defender to impugn the credibility of his own wit ness. Now what is the evidence of this witness, whose deposition contains not " any point in the smallest degree inculpating Mary," as reported by Mr. Bucking ham himself, from Von Raumer?— - " The defence of Mary clearly points to an interpolation in the convicting passage of the letter, since she vehemently de clared that the points of the letters that concerned the Queen's Majesty's person were never by her written, nor of her knowledge; the rest, for invasion and for escaping by force, she would neither affirm nor deny.' (Cecil to Davison, Cott. MSS. Calig. c. ix. f. 433.) And this is fully con firmed by the statement which Nau addressed to Elizabeth from the Tower, in which he stated that Mary had received from Babington an intimation of the design upon Elizabeth's life ; but that she took no notice of it in her reply, because it was a thing she neither desired nor Intended ; though she did not think herself bound to betray the confidence of her friends, by divulging their plans to the Queen." An intimation of the intended assassination was con veyed to Mary ; she did not remonstrate with the con spirators against it. It is absurd to suppose that, in such a case as this, silence is not consent. " She took no notice of it in her reply," and, therefore, upon Mr. Buckingham's own showing, she was accessory before the fact to the crime of murder. But it would seem as though Mr. Buckingham held the creed that in some cases assassination was not only lawful, but meritorious ; for in speaking of the assassination of the Regent Mur ray, he designates it an " appropriate fate, drawn upon him by his own cruelty and injustice." Now, surely a gentleman who could suffer his feelings so far to get the better of his prudence as to use such language in rela tion to a deliberately planned murder, is not one on whose judgment any reasoning man would be inclined to place implicit reliance. On Elizabeth he pours out all the vials of his wrath , but in hii anger he forgets that he is affording her the best of all possible apologies for ber conduct, by showing that the existence of Mary was absolutely incompatible with Elizabeth's personal safety, and that, in self-defence, she was obliged to act as she did. He denies the legitimacy of Elizabeth—he denies her right to the throne ; and, speaking of the English Roman Catholics, he says, "their honest indignation could no longer be contained, and they watched with eagerness for an opportunity to defend the rights of the lawful heir against the claim of the sanguinary usurper." Hard words these,i Mr. Leicester Buckingham, but there is one great fact which you have overlooked ; Elizabeth was sovereign de facto. and an unsuccessful attempt to dethrone a sovereign de facto, even although made by, and on behalf of, an individul claiming the sovereignty de jure, is, by the laws of every civilized nation, considered and punished as treason. Mary and Babingten, with a full knowledge of the chances, chose to play a desperate game. They staked their lives and fortunes against the lives and fortunes of Elizabeth and her supporters. No human being has ever yet ventured to express a doubt that, had they won, they would have exacted payment of the stake to the uttermost from their adversaries ; they lost, and they have no right to com plain that payment to the uttermost was exacted from them. We have devoted so much space to the examina tion of Mr. Buckingham's paper, that we can only allude to the remaining contents of this number very cursorily. The " Chapter on Music" is admirable, and should be attentively perused by every one who wishes well to the cause of the progress of musical science in England. " The Manor of Summerdale" is a simple tale, beautiful from its very simplicity ; it might have been written by Wordsworth. " Social England and its Clergy" is a plea for the celibacy of the clergy, written in a truly Catholic and tolerant spirit, and which proves that, how ever difficult it may be, it is not impossible to write con troversial divinity without being polemical. There is not a paper in the present number of Dolman which does not bear upon it the impress of talent. DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE. The present number opens with an interesting article, entitled " Portugal as it is," being the narrative of a pedestrian journey from Lisbon to Oporto and Braga in the spring of 1845. The writer says that, although during the ascendancy of Don Miguel, and for some years afterwards, there was unquestionably much danger in travelling from town to town in Portugal, yet that at the present day the dangers are by no means formidable, and that the solitary traveller may now traverse even the unfrequented parts of Portugal with perfect safety, providedhe possesses the amount of courage and common sense, without which dangers will be met with every where. He gives graphic descriptions of Santarem, A lco baca, Batalha, and the various places he passed through on his route, and represents the people as not only polite and civil, but really desirous to oblige, and as having, as far as physical comforts are concerned, but little cause of complaint. He remained some days at Coimbra, and thus describes the course of instruction at present pursued in that far-famed university, which owes its efficiency almost entirely to the energetic measures of the Marquis de Pombal, who expelled the Jesuits and completely reformed the educational system. " The mode of teaching in Coimbra is by lecturing, and not by tutors, as in England, and the professors, in as far as we co uld ascertain, speak extempore. In teach ing anatomy or mathematics, we were pleased with the plan followed, which must be well adapted to impress the mind of the pupil with the subject under discussion. In the anatomical lectures, for example, after the teacher has de monstrated the muscles, &c., the students in rotation de monstrate the same parts to the audience. By this means the teacher can easily know whether the pupil is merely s peaking from memory, or has an experimental acquaintance with the subject. ,‘ It is pleasing to speak of the good order and attention which prevails during the lectures, and in as far as a stranger could judge, the conduct of the pupil while in the lecture room, is superior to what we have been accustomed to while a student. When a stranger enters the lecture• room, he is received with the usual Portuguese politeness ; the professor pauses and bows, and the students rise up. There is also another trait in the Portuguese character no less amiable : there are many young men from Goa, Brazil, anti other Portuguese colonies, whose complexion would exclude them from the lecture room among the equality loving democrats of the Uited States, but at Coimbra more Christian feeling prevails,n and so man is despised on a ccount of the hue of his skin or the crispness of his hair. " The courses of instruction delivered in Coimbra are ranged under different faculties. Of these, the first is, of course, that of theology. The number of students of the ology in Coimbra, in 1844, VMS only ninety-three. This small number may excite surprise, but by far the gter mamber of students are trained in the bishop's seminaries ther respective dioceses, and it is on l y the elite ot.4he phurchriest hood who look forward t o the hi g hest honours of7he C. who study at Coimbra. The course of theological lectures extends throughout six years, and certainly to a Protestant the matters taught appear very curios, consisting of sym - bolical, liturgical , and mystic theolo gy . Only one year is devoted to what would apper more important than all the rest—the interpretation of the Scriptures. This all important topic could only boast of a single student. In accordance with the same indifference to literature, there are only eight students of the Greek and nice of the Hebrew language. " The faculty of law is the mist efficient in the university, and the number of students or jurisprudence, in s 844, am ounted to six hundred and eighiy-seven, which is fully half the number attending lectures in Coimbra. As a de gree in law is necessary to qualify for hal'ding almost every civil office which the Government can beattlw, as well as to enable any one to practise as a lawyer, the faculty of law is justly regarded as the most important in the university. The full course of instruction extends over a period of six years. The number of professors is very considerable, and the field of instruction proportionably extensive. The wide range of subjects taught includes Roman, canon, and Por tuguese law, political economy, medical jurisprudence, be sides a variety of collateral topics ; so that if the various branches of jurisprudence be efficiently taught, the Portu guese lawyers should be the most accomplished jurisconsults in Europe. The text books, at least in civil and canon law, appear to be translations from German writers; the only English author whose works appear to be known, is the celebrated Jeremy Bentham; his works, however, we should imagine are more for speculation than practice. " The medical faculty is very respectably organised, and well calculated to form at least good literary physicians. The students must have studied philosophy previous to en tering the medical classes—that is, the languages, mathe matics, natural history, and other preliminary studies. However, Coimbra cannot be viewed in any other respect than a school of medical literature. A medical education must be an eminently practical one, and such can only be obtained in large cities, where extensive hospitals afford facilities for, observing diseases and studying anatomy. In Coimbra, a small town, of about seven thousand inhabitants, a numerous body of students cannot make progress in ana tomy, or have the advantage of efficient clinical instruction." This valuable paper is followed by an amusing his toriette of the Court of Louis XVI., entitled " Madame de Saverne," sad, we have an elaborate critique by Carl STREETS. (From the Patrician.) Piccadilly was named after a hall called Piccadilla Hall, a place of sale for the ruffs called piccadilloes, worn by the gallants of the reign of James I. Where the opening of Hamilton-place is now, was a one-storied building occupied by a barber, still well remembered by several on whom the noted functionary operated in his day. Clarges street stands on the site of the mansion of Sir Thomas Clarges, brother-in-law to our first Duke of Albemarle ; and on the spot where Apsley House shows its present imposing appearance, the traveller found a comfortable homely hosteirie, called the Hercules' Pillars, the same at which our old friends Squire Western and the fair Sophia were domiciled on their arrival in London. Between the three houses next to Apsley House and llamilton-place, intervened a row of small houses, one, a public-house called the Triumphant Chariot. Holborn was Old Bourne, or the Old River. Cheapside derives its name from the Saxon chepo, a market. Smithfield is a cor ruption of Smoethfield. Mincing-lane was called Min cheon-lane, from tenements pertaining to the mincheons or nuns of St. Helen's. Fetter-lane has been erroneously supposed to have had some connexion with prisons or criminals ; such was not its derivation. Formerly thy. spelling was Fewtor-lane, derived from the circumstance of the fewtors or idle beggars making it a place of resort. In 1700, Bond-street extended no further than the west-end of Clifford-street. New Bond-street was then an open field, called Conduit-mead, from ono of the conduits which supplied.that part of the town with water, and which gave name to the present Conduit-street. In 1720, Oxford-road (now Oxford-street), from Princes street eastward, as far as High-street, St. Giles's, was, on the north side, almost unbuilt. " I remember," says Mr. Pennant, " there was a deep hollow road and full of sloughs; there was here and there a ragged house, the lurking place for cut-throats; insomuch that I was never taken that way by night, in my hackney coach, to a worthy uncle's, who gave me lodgings at his house in George-street, but I went in dread the whole way." The south side was built as far as Swallow, now Regent street. Soho-square dates from the reign of Charles the Second, and was called, originally, in honour of the Duke of Monmouth, who lived in the centre house " Monmouth-square,' a name which tradition asserts that the admirers of the popular and ill-fated Prince, changed at his death, to Soho, the word of the day at the field of Sedgemoor. In the time of " the merrie monarch," the Haymarket was a lane, bounded by hedges, and all beyond to the north, east and west, was entirely country. On the site of Windmill-street stood a corn mill. May Fair, in former times the resort of the most disorderly part of the community, became notorious for a fair which was held there each year for seven days consecutively, and not finally put down before the reign of George 11. Park-lane was called Tyburn-lane, until its fashionable inhabitants changed the name. At the beginning of last century 'arylebone (St. Mary on the Bourne) was a small vil lage, nearly a mile from any part of the metropolis. Covent, properly Convent-garden, formerly belonged to the abbot and monks of Westminster. The Piazza was designed by Inigo Jones. The Adelphi owes its erec tion to the Messrs. Adam, four brothers, and its name to their fraternal co-operation. Strype's " Memorials" mention that at the time of the insurrection of Sir Thomas Wyat, in 1554, part of his army marched to Hay Hill, then an open country, to attack the metropolis, but were there met and repulsed by the royal army. In the days of Charles 11. the locality sub sequently denominated Seven Dials was erected, in the expectation that it would become the abode of the gay and wealthy 1 Close at hand were Soho-square and Covent-garden, then aristocratical resorts, and on the other side, the mansion of the Bedford and other noble families, sufficient good companionship, one would suppose, to sustain the Seven-dials' respectability ; but the influence of St. Giles's was omnipotent. Seven dials soon rivalled its neighbour the Rookery in misery and wretchedness. At the survey of Aggas in 1560, Chancery-lane presented only a few scattered houses at the ends which connect it with Holborn and Fleet- street ; but in the reign of Elizabeth, the benchers of Lincoln's Inn, wishing for more privacy for their gardens, erected a wall to separate them from the street, and upon the building of this wall the most illustrious of bricklayers, Ben Jonson, worked with his own hands. Lad -lane was originally Lady's-lane; and Grace church-street, Grass-street, in allusion to herb market held there. harbour are going on briskly. There_ To show how the har- ABERYSTWITH HARBOUR.—Therevvn'oarwkaspwaatrdathoef 100 men employed, besides horses.d hour is improved by the works al eaanyd oenxeTeuateesdd,ayit s it t i a d t d ed le, tl i i r a a t s z r, S 3 u s n o day tal l i a s st bl t morning b ab n e l t a h st , e M r, r. 4 A io nd t r ( e )n w s the brig Credo, Mr. John Q ind with afoirieTahvyomseaas Jones, Esq., Rope-walk both entered in perfect safety without any brig Humphreys,l burthen, both arrived fro m ia a g ue a b le ec of wi v, t running. They difficulty, whereas be fore the work of the pier was com menced, it was out of th e q uestion even to make the attem p t, ship.— Welshman w ithout first r emaining on the bar to discharge part of the ca rgo in order to lighten the 1 THE TORT.—We understand that the prosecution' of Captain Johnstone, the late master of the Tory, will in future be conducted by the Solicitor of the Treasury. Mr. Hayward, clerk to Mr. Mauls (Solicitor to the Treasury) ' had an interview with Mr. Symons, the chief clerk of the Thames Police-court, in reference to the subject on Saturday aftenioon, preliminary to arranging the whole of the volu minous evidence taken during the investigate n. The Duke and Duchess of Beaufort are entertain ing a distinguished party at Badminton. The circle includes the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Earl and Countess de Grey, the Earl of Wilton, the Earl and Countess of Shelburne, Lord Alvanley, Mr. and Lady Charlotte Lister, Captain Somerset , Mr. Stunt, the Marquis and Marchioness of Worcester, &c. The first lawn m ee t of the Badminton hounds for the present season n i t season took place on Saturday, on which occasion a brill ' field aseenabild. ~`_-'' 1, J~ d.~:,-r..~:~.- WELSH RAILWAYS. With regard to the Welsh railways, we believe we may say that all the lines whose surveys were in a for ward state have succeeded in depositing their plans in time. In Carmarthen the Clerks of the Peace have re ceived plans, sections, and book of references of the South Wales, Great North and South and Worcester, Welsh Midland, Carmarthen Mineral, and Welsh Mid land Continuation to Cardigan. . _ The plans, &c., of the - following projected railways were deposited at the office of the Clerk of the Peace for the county of Pembroke, at Haverfordwest, on Sunday night, after eight o'clock :—Welsh Midland, Great North and South Wales and Worcester, Milford and Haver fordwcst, Saundersfoot and Tenby, South Wales; and the plans, &c., relating to the two following were also deposited at the office of the Clerk of the Peace for the town and county of Haverfordwest—Milford and Haver fordweet, South Wales. In Cardiganshire we learn the following have made the necessary deposits :---The Birmingham and Man chester Continuation and Welsh Junction Railway, the Great North and South Wales Railway, the Radnorshire and Aberystwith Railway, end the Welsh Midland Rail way.— Welshman. PREPARED WOOD FOR RAILWAY SLEEPERS. In the Paris Academy of Siences, at its last sitting, M. Ar ago read a long communication from M.Boucherie on the preservation of wood for railway and other pur poses. It is now four years since M. Boucherie com municated to the Academy a series of experiments, proving that he had discovered a cheap means of forcing into the pores of woods liquids capable of giving to it great durability and entirely new properties. Since that time many patents have been taken out in France and England for different modes of pre serving wood, and each discovery has been pro claimed as infallible, as Kyan's process was thought to be for a time. Of all these discoveries, however, one only has been practically worked to any extent, viz., Payne's process, which consists in forcing out the air and juices of the wood by an exhausting pump, and supplying the vacuum by a mixture of iron and lime. As to M. Boucherie, the public, although thankful to him for the activity with which he had demonstrated his theory by experiments, had begun to infer that he had (in the presence of Payne's process, a patent for which has been taken in. France by Mr. Banner, who is at this mo ment forming a company for working it on a large scale), abandoned all idea of turning his discoveries to a practical account. It would appear, however, from the present cc - munication to the Academy, that M. Boucherie has not been idle. He has, on the contrary, been continuing his experiments, and submitting them to the test of time, in order that any objection which might be offered should be replied to by facts. In November, 1842, one hundred pieces of wood, of different kinds, of the length and size used for railway sleepers, were prepared by M. Boucherie. It is known to all persons who read the account given at the time of M. Boucherie's process, when he presented his first paper to the Academy, that it consists in the in troduction of solutions by a sort of filtration. A tub, containing the liquid, is placed in contact with one end of the wood ; the pressure produced by raising the level of the liquid a little above that of the wood, suffices for its perfect impregnation, with the exception of the central part, or heart. Some of these pieces of wood were left in their natural state ; others were impregnated to only half their length, and others in the entire lengths. The liquids used were pyrolig neous acid, sulphate of copper, chlorurate of pyrolig nated calcium, double chlorurate of sodium and mer cury. The wood was buried in the ground, at the depth of a few centimetres, in an enclosed yard, at Com , piie4ne, where they remained nearly three years. On taking them up recently the prepared wood was found perfectly sound, and that which had not been prepared entirely rotten. As the process of preparation, inter ment, and disinterment, was performed in the presence of the authorities of Compiifigne, who have given a cer tificate to the effect stated by M. Boucherie, no doubt can be entertained as to the results obtained. M. Bou cherie's mode of preserving wood is not very expensive, and it is attended with this great advantage—the cheaper sorts of timber, which are never used in their natural state for railways or building purposes, on account of their want of durability, may, he says, be used with a much better effect when thus prepared than the dearest imber in its natural state ; and thus, even after deduct ng the cost of the process of preservation, the saving s very great. We confess, however, that we are by no means convinced as yet that M. Boucherie's process, which is, in fact, but a modification of that of Kyan, Marjery, and others, is the best. Within the last few days we have seen in the journals a paragragh, stating that the Directors of the Paris and Rouen Rail way have been compelled to take up, in consequence of decay, some of the sleepers which had been prepared by the introduction of metallic salts. The mode of im pregnation may not have been the same as that of M. Boucherie, but the results must be nearly the same. Payne's process is essentially different. He places the wood to be prepared in a receiver, where the air and juices are driven out by exhaustion, and the cavities are then filled up with a material that is comparatively in destructible. The cost of the operation must, besides, be quite as small, if not smaller, than with the process of M. Boucherie. ACCIDENT TO THE LANCASTER IND CARLISLE MAlL.—Yesterday (Friday) morning, as the Lancaster and Carlisle mail was coming down the hill on the other side of Farleton, on its way to Kendal, one of the wheels came off, and the horses were thrown to the ground. Fortunately the coach was not upset, but remained on the three wheels, and the passengers sustained no injury. The bags were forwarded to Kendal in a post-chaise, which was procured with all speed from Burton, and the passengers were conveyed on wards in a carriage from the same place.—Westmoreland tte. Gaze. CoNVES—THE Fox NUISANCE.—The warren near the Needles has from time immemorial supplied this island with rabbits of exquisite delicacy of flavour. We regret to hear that in consequence of the depredations of the foxes which harbour in great numbers in the cliffs in that neighbourhood, they have been exterminated, so that not a single couple has been taken for sale or for the table of the pro prietor during the present season. Within four or five years there were no foxes in the island, and it is really very much "to be lamented that such vermin should have been intro duced into the Isle of Wight, where there is no country for fox-hunting, for the amusement of the few to the injury of the many. In the present case we understand the loss to the lessee of Headon Warren, this season, will be not less than eighty pounds, and to the poor warrener of twenty pounds.—Hampshire Telegraph. THE BRIGHTON AND CHICHESTER RAILWAY.—The works on this line between Worthing and Chichester (the other portion to Brighton having been opened last week) are proceeding with the utmost expedition, and the company are in expectation that the entire line will be completed in the course of the ensuing spring. Plate-layers are now engaged laying down the second line of rail on that portion already opened for public traffic. The line joins the Shoreham branch of the Brighton and Kingston, and crossing Buckingham lane on alevel proceeds to ariver, which it crosses on a bridge constructed on piles. The country here is almost a complete flat, so that there are scarcely any cuttings or embankments more than two or three feet.—Hcanpshire Telegraph. SUPPOSED MURDER.—Ann Meyrick, the wife of John Meyrick, a young woman, aged twenty-three, was, on Tuesday morning last, drawn from the Merthyr and Cardiff Canal, quite dead. On being taken out of the water, the body bled profusely ; and upon some examination the blood was found to issue from several frightful gashes on the lower part of her person ; and the bank of the canal was literally covered with blood from the place where she was taken out to an old archway crossing the canal, a distance of forty yards. There is reason to believe that she was mutilated in the shade of the arch, and that a struggle ensued between the victim and murderer along the banks of the canal leading to wards her home, ending in the plunging of the unfortunate being into the canal. There is no positive evidence to the commission of the deed, As far as we have been able to ascertain, the following is all that the authorities are yet possessed of, which it will be seen is purely circumstantial. The unfortunate victim of brutality was last seen at one o'clock on Tuesday morning, when, in company with her husband, she left the Heathcock Tavern, both being at the time quite intoxicated. He was seen coming home about that time alone. In the morning he was found asleep in his own house, his head resting upon a table, and he had evi dently not been to bed. He affected not to know what had become of his wife; and stated, that on their way home he had turned one side, while she went another, and he had not seen her since, until she was drawn out of the canal. This is his statement. So much suspicion, however, attaches it self to him that be was secured and taken into custody.- 211tenaumithshire Merlin. THE ISLE OF WIGHT RAILWAYS.—The deposits of 21. 2s. per share are offered to be returned, minus 2s. for ex penses—a very equitable offer.—HampshireAdvertiser. FOUL AIR IN A PIT.—An accident occurred on Tuesday last at a pit belonging to John Dodsley, Esq., near Skegby, which has been standing some time. It was just got to work again ; and on Tuesday evening two men (Christopher White, of Skegby, and Henry Smith, of Huck aniarll)wwheicrhe bdeurscnetntdhienmg, Nw.ehryendrtehaedfiraiTyLl._dleivsoetttifnicirehatl jtoh.erfimi.oul — lG m oo en u w E ria x l a t at o p s L ir n a T . O Peel h WORKas been P o g r s u p lN an A d ll s L i L g e n , ad & b c y . the work people of different departments in the employ of Edward Hollins, Esq., of Stockport, praying for the opening of the ports for a free admission of all the necessaries of life, and that Parliament may be immediately conveneled:m4prf2acieoolnrylriaremooeiwirtsedhiignntheetiotirgrf to have submitted to it by Government a proposition for the nssudei should Ini t o n p B r i ui, t e nl .l l :. a s w bh a ae n e d da Thewi recurrencelnem Bmtt ft e t t , rhh o n ot t eo s a mh a c j l ee t u eimrateg rightsn repealh grievousrti greatest a w h o te f h s i pa t t c h rt l l dac e ai : n n r o omt d nfel privationsrt eolfseao food a f s n e wt t d dn t i express in the course of their call on the Right Hon. Baronet, e y CA " v L E e R e T s afflicted themselves and the manufacturing districts gene teif provision r enhh o ir dne v e DEFECTIVE SIGHT AND rall RSA HINE RIELIITI.....STICTACLIS ANA INSTRUMENT* SINT FITE, SY POST, INTO T/lIK COUNTRY.—Testimonials—From the Hon. George Cavendish, to Messrs. S. and B. Solomon., 39, Albemarle -street, Piccadilly, opposite the York HoteL Gentlemen—l approve verylmuch of the spectacle. I purchased from you ; I have made use of glasses for many years, and never met with any to enable me to see equal to yours, and with less inconvenience to my eyes; I have sent you a frame, and please to put in a pair of yours, exactly the same as the former, and you will oblige, yours obediently, George Cavendish, Leixlip Castle, Ireland. Major-General Sir Howard had Berne Elphin stone begs to say, that the Spectacles he -has now time in use, have fully redeemed th e assurance of the Messrs. S. and B. Solomon* as to their excellence, and having found so much comfort and advantage from their use, far preferable to every other kind of glasses i which he has been in the con stant habit of making use of for a great number of years. e General Browne Clayton feels 13, Norfolk-street, Park -lan desirous to express the comfort and advantage he has derived at his advanced age of 70 years, and after two years' trial, from the use of Messrs. S. and B. Solomon' newly invented spectacles. Their valuable invention f u ll y m erit the patronage they have received. Address, Adlington Hall, Lancashire.— Improved Achromatic Telescopes, Opera Glasses, Micro scopes, &c.—Caution —Not in any way connected with a person of the same name in their immediate neighbourhood. To pre vent mistakes be cautious, and observe—Only to be had at 3R, Albemarle-street, Piccadllly, opposite the Yorii _~ "ti II co. free i P ,36 1 . 1004 tea_.