The Sun. — London, England, 1850-01-29 00:00:00

EAST INDIA HOUSE, January 25. BM TIIE COURT OF DIRECTORS OF THE EAST INDIA: CONIPANY do-herehy - give noti that the nZga" EXCHA ZIGE at which they will receive Cash, for Bills on and Madras will fr nn th e present dote, end uhtil further Up. thejebeonilspanly3i. the Corn)any's Rupee, and for Bills 'on Bombay 's . - JAMES C. MELV ILL, Secretary. 1 1 ,.,...,. ' GUILDHALL, JANUARY 28, 1850. ) , .711 Z COMMITTEE for LETTING the CITY'S 4 3 , or ViirDs will MEET at GUILDHALL on WEDNESDAY, the 13th .or r..,,,,„.._ *br uarY next, at One . o'clock precisely, to receive TENDERS . nev . 7.K12(..„ G en LEASES, for twenty-one years fro Ladyday . o Tle'llt,,'"use, O. 14, on the north side of Broad-stree t- buildings; bnudi ng pes, Nos. 28 and 29, on the south side of Bioad-street- Also t o N ,.... , receive TENDERS for LET LING on LEASES, for 17% iii":2_ l aesS three days), from Ladyday next, a Housr, No. 9,Ar ---g-Pktee. City-road. „ I ts . % In LOTS, Seven Houses, Nos. 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 0 1 and Cl, "" south side of Eanner-square, 'Finsbury ; Two Houses, Nos. 47 rorlt-biee"et 11114441..itthe_south side ; and a House, No. 27, on the north . side in , Finsbury; Nine Reuses, Nos. 1 to 9 Inclulv . e, i ll . si ;Z: . Banner - street; and Eighteen If ons,s, Nos. 7to 2 Inc A Fltne north side of Coleman -street, Banner - street aforesaid.' ebt.l7,r Particulars and plans may be seen, and forms of tender -...491 4 at the Office of Works, Guildhall. ..-- THOMAS SAUNDERS, Comptroller. LC D ON and NOR TH.wEsTEnN RAILWAY. ALTERATIONS OF TRAINS. 03i n t an i d after the 1t February next, by order of the Potmrstcr ra. . _ 10 ,A. - The Up Ni g ht M ail Train, now '''..g Preston LiWrPOOl atat 99 15 3 1 . .11. If t 9 at 852 r.m. 4t PM. wdl b.,. ot..pat,tted at 8 33 'rm. Chest .. 0 ~a n or at 10 13 P.M. If 9 9 at 9 50 P.M. at at 9 33t 9 12 P.M. 112.0. r P.M.pm 99 tk lll o 10 4,..;, C „ IES:r ER AND BIRITIN.IIIIII SECTION. tau" ~_ . • .traln from London NCR co is calling at the Alderley • !! . .ta thc 615 A.M. Train will call there Instead. Sy order, MARK EULSU. genergaManagees office, Easton Station Jana 23, 1850. AIIGY-------._______________ LE SUBSCRIPTION ROOMS Great Ulla Windmill -street, St. Ja)1109'11. hi, A Cal Director and Con_tutor, M. L 1.17/tENT, jun. , 14. 1, 0 70 e :D rinn D I A : r 7:, ii for Tuition and Practice of DAN,. ING, Is Abu 4 e 4 •l for the Season. Teaching by Professors Calkins, seri Pt . on, f Private Tuition apply at the °lice .—Ternas of S i u s b : on, or Morning and evening practice months, tr "nt h, 11 ls • ' tfernbi e. • •, one mama', Is. Subscribers' tidkets not Acad t* and ic ' c k, " "7 w ill open for evening p rac ti ce a t a Q uar t er t o Ei g ht 1,110 t erminate at Half-past Eleven precisaly. - IrENlTCl,Eilae4 th •f ef lir ieb i ta tr r y R . ENT, Jan., Is fixed for 310NDAT" ...„ LONDON INDISPU TABLE LIFIt POLICY , , . p pos YCORPORATED BY ACT COMPANY OF PARLIAMENT, . 1110 Principle of Mutual Life Assurance, the whole Profits ~,, • - belonging to the Assured. . • .00. El, LOMBARD-MEET, LONDON. .. , .gi n ~, TRUSTEES. , stivl'i: tellitenton, Esq , M.P. I Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P. •4:.., i ' ~,,,! 1 1:12 4s, t sci Qc. • I James Fuller Madux, Esq. • '"'',S. William Wilberforce. Esq. - . , 40h oti,...Adains____, Esq .lYinia ' DIRECTORS. , New Broad-street. Ik n 4 " - -.., Esq., White Hart court, Lombard-street. , J.•••,nurY AUgustus Bevan. Esq. John-street, America -squar,.. tulpso B r amwell, - ' p ect-placo, Kilburn. Jsh, 1 , u Esq., rosp Ito angerfleld, Esq., Chancery-lane. en henry Forman, Esq , Ordnance, Joh n i ) J,.. anailton, Esq., Alfred-place, Pall-mall. Th arlo 2-square. a"es Pull er Madox, Esq., Clement's.lane. olm l, C. Oet n ,; ; " e ws, Esq.. Arthur-,treet West, City- • -- "us Parnell, Esq , Norfolk-street, Mark-I toe. AtTDITORS. .4il4;7rg,e Cumming, Esq., Westbourne-greve. .1,,,,; 111 D. Starling, Ego , cha9ge-alley, City. Dar s Tur usr, Esq , Parliament-street. al penry Stone, Esq , Poultry. Haaxsas—Messrs. S . pooner, Attwood, and CO. • SECR ETARY—David Alison, Esq. PADDINGTON LOCAL BOARD. • The te, 24, Con naught-terrace, Edgeware.road. CaptwW;,•Tatnes Shergold Boone, A M , Stanhope. street, Hyde-park. Charl es 'reed, Norfolk. crescent Ox ford-square. il i t m as i :T e gr, r ru. Esq., Eastbourne-terrace. Hyde-park. -- tobsou - v , iie y. I.A mos Esq., York-street, Portman-square:. , Esl., Eastbourne -terrace, Hyde-park. _The pn, , Secretary, Chas. Houghton, Esq. . 4. ,, 0 lr,in,;•.'4olES issued by this Company being INDISPUTABLE, l'e in''rable aad negotiable Securities. They may at any time ileD,Hajiavallable In money transactions, their validity . not being °tiler do ' s ' , As in the case of ordinary Policies, upon the impert of slu m fr,,,,LlMents. Erred as Family Provisions, they relieve the As thereb„ '_ . 411 111 doubt and anxiety as to the result of Assurances 01%.1,;',Ta,:1e certa'n. serti ne " ( :‘ to inmortant improvement in the practice of Life As -14enceh,,,,,.' Progress of this Company has been rapid from the com tiZos - ;.;*°f iis business, and is steadily increasing. ."ed P al e P" , Report% 'anevery other information, may be ob =-Ls Chief Oftlee, or he Agencies. ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Manager. . 11 Ills ESPECIAL PATRONAGE OF HER MOST` 11go,„_GRACIOUS NE MAJE THE QUEEN. 4%7 FOR GERALSTY ASSURANCE ON LIVES. Itt,OYAL NAVAL, MILITARY, EAST and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 13, W ATERLOO -PLACE, LONDON. DIRECORS. 411A' :FRED ERIC SMITH , K.H., F.R.S., R.E., Chairman. NUGENT DANIELL, Esq. Deputy-Chairman. Ala - "t the Right Hon. Sir G. Coalman', G.C.B. Jor-General Sir J. Cockburn, Bart., G.C.H. -,et!eral Sir Thomas Bradford, G.C.H. l".a,)1* -General Sir P. Ross, G.C.M.G., R.C.H. aitenant-Get Sir John Gardiner, K.C.B. Major-Ocueral Sir Hew 1). Ross, K.C.8., ldtblalo Sir George Back, R.N., F.R.S. l a i o r . Gener a l T aylor, C. 8., E.I.C.S. I - Pr-Gene ra l Edward Wynyard, C.E. , l Gen eral Arnold, K. 11., K.C. CaPtair r Hair, Esq., M.D. W illiam Lancey, R.E. i,;?'!wain Chard, Esq. Navy Agent la.11:601;aliwn Taylor, Esq. Ai.14.! General Sir John Roll, K.C.B. l t `pr P. S. Sotheby, C. 13:, E.I.C.S. C ior-General Sir George Pollock, G.C.E. C aptain Cappage. MN* `-'94ain Michael Quin, 11. N. Allarstet ILl,Mtas-31es3rs Coutts and Co., 119, Strand. 'oex,,t,aa—Sir Charles Feigusson Forbts, M.D., K.C.11., F.L.B. Aeltaaotic.l-104_31seasurc, Esq.,street Lincoln's Inn-llelds. A 44141.111 linerialisnoa„Vstqe' E th sg e " G s o 7 ; Ser e- Lincoln's Inn-fields. Government Calculator, and st,,i B !tara nen . _President of the Institute of Actuari n e s s i tep t , 4 4l3t a 7 t _a_r!gr!"nted upon the lives of p t er e so wnr n every profes id, with the ex tin9:l life, and for every part of . 11 Lat . t .".!: IVeliein Coast of Africa with n the Tronics. Nthc eto °l Premiums are constructed upon sound principles with e 41 tro t Very colony-, and, by payment of a moderate addition in th I L.,, e nittlan, in case of increase of risk, persons assaretl tin Change from one climate to another without forfeiting t otir•n iroLe f i , ek ' 1 " 8 profits are divided amongst the Assured. JOS EPH CARTWRIGH BRETTELL, Secretary. ,„ e -j „ - a T-311 AND CAMBRIAN ASSUIt S OCIETY, FOR FIfIE, LIFE, ANNUITIES, AND ° llice 3 .k,. (Provisionally Registered.) De b C 'Pital, - ' 9 ' ' P W UPI' GE STREET, fllackfriars, London. Appsit„ 15 0 ,0001. in 12,000 Shares, of 12 , 1. i Os. each. And votltttrir ~ ,o. ; First call, including Dcisos.t, 203. Pet S"re• to P rospectuses and Shares, and for Agencies In Town , 0 be addressed to the Secretary. By order of the Board,l 0 ANGITS, Secretary. "i, ,e kp tt . i r ev. 1 : IN:3 MU STAC iIIOS and WII ISK EBS produced in f. a i;,R, ' a AlSnd Baldness T O re N a;ovel and pr A eventea. by the U3O o C ir v E'S RO MATI 'la t ." ° U are 1 REGENERATOR. tt, • a n a .. n want of that beautiful adornment of the p r e man I let7 ) ' Whoje u e ra i l o Pb' of human hair, ob . tain t r ep irt ! or (Iri _a e or letail chemist or druggist, orperi l u h s m a til e n r, lhi,:,` , Ira i " T BlOl lB 3 Aromatic Regenerator. This essential antlli g, ~ Ilim 'lirliti aromatic herbs and flowers (grown at his Her , ' , try h `' ghte) , Wl.l h has been long known to the nobility and iii4ll4ro'u"il/Zharaettfisch:ghlyaeelated advertisement its manifold virtues, too 1,, t 4 eli' l a 'Mich t o t r i t h h i e n t a i n nelesed. , but maybe read in his Nen), ?noiwilet bas the s t ign es at a n r r e e e of William Grimstone, Merchant, „ ry Ili ;h Toni.Vg i t'ate and will be Mimi at page 11, under the copy of • •t 4 4 4 l ZOii:';'r B 11 etter to the Editor of the "Times" newspaper, 7th , + , 4G ' ' Dort 3 r.lnphi • , i,'Ze st a. - t 13 forwarded through the post, on receiving two tecl' 4 1'nl l s t • tie .' MIZ 2. 4 , -- e Re generator can be forwarded through the , pos h t thon. The ° - , , oost.eni ce enter for 4s. (31., 7.. Bd., or 120., ishic ' h " 11 v" "ge with .A . f 8„ , case. hi / 1 elv of i Coltains four of the 43. '' are„ t i !, ll.l lßy vii tiles, as thousands can prove, arc published D v r't ~t enclosed with each bottle. • 0/ `"7 , lr, r ,„, ct , e , „4 , 11 , 1,. nLe „,, i. , rei ce . * :• . fer a few minutes, and if you are 40 years . of age, the ~'? °ti ler . '"?-1* the thousands of blind you meet with in your ha,,,;•eto Bi4 •" 1 „ itt, various coloured eye-shade's ; indeed, suen was ' - ks r . l .tlies e 0! e Ye - shades, that it was a business. What has re ,„th:sghtel sightless beings, and given place to a straightforward, ~t )l4a B;,thrersa i ji c °„ Ple (the ellrna ' te is the same) ? I'll tell you the cause '' , s "'This -- "e of Grimstone's Eve Snuff I and because it cured erne, s th e . r a 'loft% g , - •' , oafs f ereist, aatarsct, Nervous Ileadach, and Deaf tia,,ila to b.. ~.! the Treasury directed it to be denominated a medi a Ite r QB ° s , ol ire b'en....mupPred- Although . thls ,advan.ll ceditltswcahsarsanctseeri of h ic r i ,ed ta l e ' l a,! in 182;)vtre 3 1..11 1 t e 0 l o u f f° S rm ta - m rs p ' s s Godfrey Sykes, Esq., Il e ~, Ziksil.ary4tk:n sanctione% its sale Under , order of the Lords of 4 , 1 4, , lan., t 41.1 leter of protection, signed by Berries, Fsq., to ,„'''ts .„ c° ."ot (f it ii 'tone, hearing date 18th February, I S2O. This was yoter",lhie the s curative qualities, being sold at that time in canis- f Gal'„ r uent i ti r eaeh of every poor family. But under this order o siti c .1 5T0,,:, o bliged to be stamped. Nla, ' „ °4 le tt ~'..' 8 AIEDICATED EYE SNUFF, sold in canisters, •rit ` 4 'hc P.thpldet f i 1 and other testimonials, under the Ilim il at erd 0 med Ca . 8 ,, t B ,, er, at Is. lid., 2s. 9d., and 4s. 6d. each, The ta m ', in e4 4ii at la. each. If through the post, Is. Bd., 3s. 6d., and. 11 3. ° loos h g Postage, &c. The following letter is one out of the te cl' t s , 4 tb: h(4 , -44 Sere ° ; 3° 7 l ng Medical Testimony to the cure of five cases ~•,.. 11, -' 4.°41 Boutell, Professor of Galvanism . 1848 141 1 , 17, xt • IV, otBol.lthsea, near Portsmouth, Hants, sth Ys, Tes tiNc l43Toll s.--Sir—l must in jostle° to yoa N s o e v a the fol.: thet ill ulif f ha e nial with regard to the extraordinary efficacy of your re ° 't agt o 2 ”' of Gotta Serena. I have used it in five eases with t 44 sAite what nishing benefit . . Sir, you may l''t h "e Yoll 1 and cure. have wholly astonished °4B Muls of otricersase.l The cures advertise tills I I t orl l e l let t4rs am, Sir, tee-, N 0 4 at t e Mr I V,. H. BOUTELL, Professor of Galvanism.' e ' a ~.r.f a, , ~,,,... illisun Grimstona, Herbary, Highate, n his i" . 14 ii;. l l ' , l 119.11 .stabliahrnent he continues to manufacture ts -.'' aitn," °l oa lets .' eq/ AcCO, so meets esteemed in all foreign pa r r . - ' 4 Of ti, 'erg In testimony of its delightful qualities, is f om ' 3 " Pleasures ef a me •" N , It . - I'gfleti..,Cettage, Hon o iton, Devon, 15th August, 1848. th —% Yu " 'mot d 4 o etleientlr Herb deny myself the pleasure of stating hew highly I 4 1s -- .e'ir ` ° .seeo. I have now fOund in It a substitute for You,' ia.„` • hithpa -° a '''' sor - -o obtained by me from a friend in Consitantid treat ande_that lovers of mild, fragrant Tobacco would find :lecePtable gift, at l a very reasonable price. ~,t.a Mr, i., _ ' mil your obedient servant, derv, it oit, lVll lllle, "S f CART FARQUHARSON, D.C.L. 1 i ,aial is`alls•h ,Griinstone Herbary, Highgate." 1 .. i t bers "' 'amed Toba ' eco is sold by all chemists and drug 9f•,s, slvita V. f, d • •irlmstone's signature attached, at 714 d., 11- 'ls. Gd. each. Including the Government stamp Olsr Tib, strat,,,. ~ ` l rtaj c ;' la, ,441 RPY-FIRST EDITION. ItoIR Irp•-• Ic 6 a natond al C 1 d GENERATIVE Rua ea" ~ . l a , c o Oare ~,,alOB 4.„ -s a c ivi. o .ALICATIONS, iNcArA. Post, 41,!„,varR„. g rEDLIII2:NTS TO MARRIAGE. trt " P ror e - „to 196 pages. Just published, Pries 2 s• 6da or ~. , th e triiall,EN,,.e Ecta - blishm . ent, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps, ael - Tialuile ri t l 4,. tia l4 '% PRrEND, a Medical Work on rat 4 . -- -utrk zi -- nse, i" decay of the generative system, from ex /,. 1, 1 ....eat1 e43 oti af,..on, and the inoretnate use of nvircur ,n Y, foa l ` 4 , l tify ~,,.* 11 111 8 sp ja ,ge, and the means of obviating certat dal -21. s 'reet,co* - 'esl 26 Colorised avings. By R. and k it nt erno aonl en a Consulting Surgeons,, Berners-street, Oz -6;10,13. a a ,t'r a .,,. tlished by the Authors : said by Strange, -;',-Ita,„','ltchts.,7" , ' Nabsay, 63, and Sanger. 150, Oxford-street ; ti ,,41.::'•• -q- Area, Haymarket ; and Gordon, 146, Leaden 'Kati, I •irt ats , ge, P4 4; 4 1T 1 lelliZ'• th e anatomy and physiology of the re-productive ~, „ e,, 41 ‘ ~. a ca • o Lr ftt , I. B • ed by Rix Coloured Rogravings. iii 4 lid nleir I n _ he consequences resulting from excessive dul l tae wc,.ii.l..eatable effects on the system, proslaci mcntel o.. P aaa. bY a; uerwur excitement, and generative neapacity. ... 3 - sat T hree p s- - t h ,Dri e , • tre,,, t4 , -, ,t.alanatory 'Engravings. It i :q tr ia ,!Y or s e ,„,''' ,• 11 0 diseaxes resulting from Infection, either in Firtin - ` 41 454. "". form, and centains implicit directions for 1 . 4 4 , x 1ic5.: This section is illlustrated by Seventeen Colourcd r '41; 4 attn l'io e l t a t , 4 a l " 's r rescription for the Prevention of Disease 44(1 ,,, er: t ~I l is I. 1,,,',... a 'i'0, by which the danger of infection is f‘i) k Alkz ' -°l4 ee ''''' " .. aat Part of the Work should no eser,e the e eti q N"'. 1,, 10 ,IN'l, c , l T he ca, °te a. to the consideration of marr 's ge, and its 1, 4 44( j „? subj ect c.riT nnProdactive union are also conedered, and . f, ,'• es,„,"ablat, 3; 4 , Ic a-dr and ii.'lllosophicalty Ingsdred into. .rer e ttt : i • ° • l4 ' (Tie sey.tr li c e. ' ebi ra uj7g p i : t ?„V e usi , a r=l e.s Y employed in Y ., for lltratea D' I 1 s. and 335. Pe . .r It, s, e a , Purifai n _ etereilit Tss,snce, 101 anti-syphilitic eZ b esTs.. l) _. tt °us, and (1 6 4a it '_ ° _ b . l c°d f"' can^ ofinfectiom, secondary rYDlP ,i'qal4;:xnyin,.. g,,"," douse of a• - •":cary, I Is. and 83a. per bottle. trir°Q 0- '" l eel-.•- "" c ' n e r "-ls, 2 e. 9.1., 4s. 6d., and I Is. per box, h iaj t o 4ll t , totebia' .alrg."(7,:aosa,,eet, etaicture, and chronic inflamma srail'ackes, cas e is teqi, 4Bl4t: Lina. fee. if and tter, 11. A minute q 4 11 th -''' Will! ad,„ ;u1: ae, habits, position in society. v. al le• eau' °- f _ 0,1 1.,. ? 84°,0.'4.m) desad at the Establiabanoat only, by va 114 t Y at 19. sepera. ors. Perla', Surgeons, are in atten " 9 , 41d ip,.. sAt'ect, Oxford -street, London, from Ele '' ". r `o MOO ' 4 " find in from Wenn to Oar N° 17 893 N°. , • 7' - LONDON, TAT ESDAY e j Sri ro r a g I, LA•ND REVENUE OLD BROAD-STREET, JAN. 12, 1850. Pursztant to the directions of the statutes 1 and 2 William IV , c. 22, and 6 and 7 Vie., c. 86 respvitlvely, notice is hereby given, that on the days stated the following ARTICLE,i, LEFT in HACKNEY and 3f ETItOPOLITAN STAGE CARRIAGES, wore deposited in tI e Public Caripages DepartMent of this 'office ; and unless such :I: tides he churned, and the ownership of them proved, hetwoen the hours of Tan and Three, and within one year from the time of their deposit, they will he disposed of, as directed by the above statutes. , By order of the Board,'• Den] Iption. W. W. SUTHERLAND. Deacription. - DAte, Date.. moo. 1849 1 I May,4o3 Carpet bag - 15 496 Scarf - - Julyl4ls Saw and oilcloth 12.417 Parasol- - - 13 423 Coat - - - 131424 Coat - - - 14,425 Painting- - - 14 1 428 Two paper parcels - - 161431 Paper-box - - - 17 432 Plate, Medical - - 171 434 Umbrella - - - 18 433 Umbrella - - - 19, o 436 Umbrella - - - 19 1 437 Cap' - - - i 1819 0, 213:5 Watch and Chain - 1 Parasol - 2 Coat - Flshing-rod and umbrella 6 Watch case - • 9 Keys - - 4 Back-stick - • 0 Coat - - 6 Lady's !Jae - - 4 Parasol - - - ) Umbrella Bank note and key - . _ at coat - - - 191 35 Umbrella - - 19 40 Paper parcel - ,21 43 Parasol - - 23 46 Umbrella - - 23 48 Coot - - - 28 51 Two sticks - - 24 52 Purse - - - 24 GO Parasol - - _66 Parasol - - - 26 67 Book - - -27 69 Two law papers - - 27 70 Spectacles - - 27 72 Coat - - - 28 74 Snuff-bez • - - 28 75 Book - - - - 28 '76 Coat " - - - 28 88 Umbrella - - 30 84 Umbrella and parasol - 30 86 Two whim &c. - 30 August '441 Bandbox and Writing case - - 443 Parasols (two) 151 Ce..t 155 Bag - 455 Parasol 466 Parcel - 467 Peal box 469 'Livery coat 473 Umbrella 474 Umbrella 475 .Umbrella 476 Shawl 478 Victorine 481 Coat - 183 Scarf - 490 Writing-case 492 Shawl 194 Coat 91 Ring - • - 92 Bonnet-bo/ and parasol 94 Umbrella • • - 95 Coat - - - 96 Coat and umbrella 99 Parasol- - - 101 Coat ,) - 102 Cast 106 Coat - - OK Ring - 11 Coat - 12 Coat 19 Parasol - 21 Coat - 27 Parasol - Shawl Coat - Carpet bag - - - Umbrella and stick Coat " - - - Umbrella and cane Parcel - - - Two umbrellas an I pa r ‘sol 1596 Shawl - 1527 Scurf - 532 Coat - 533 Coat - 534 Shawl - 535 Air-cushion - i4l Cane - - 543 Umbrella - 549 Rug - - 550 Leather case - 551 Boa - - 552 Muff - - 553 Coat - - 554 Cap - - 555 Opera-grass - 556 Scarf - - 558 Silver plate - 560 Opera-giass .- 461 Rug - - 562 Keys - & 563 Umbrella - 566 Coat - - 567 Keys - - 561 Parcels - - 5 . 9 Book - - 572 Shawl .- - 573 Parcel - - 575 Parasol - - s'll Carpet bag - 582 Bonnet box - 586 Umbrella - 586 Two cotton umbrellas - 23 539 Umbrella - - - 23 591 Parasol - - - 24 599 Passport - - - 27 . . - .:- - - 8 ! . . t .. 130 Coat 134 Coat 136 Scarf - 137 Bandbox 139 Umbrella 140 Stick - 142 C• at - 143 Parasol - 144 Bundle - 145 Clicqua - ISO Coat - 152 Parasol - 153 Parasol - 154 Coat - 155 Coat - .53 Coat - 6l Hat• case - _- - - Coat 165 Telescope 1,6 Snuff-box - 167 Drhwiog-book 168 Shawl - - 170 Coat - - 173 Two scarf); - 175 Brooch - - 176 Coat - - 177 Parasol - - 178 Purse - - 180 Rug - 182 Coat - 183 Umbrella - 187 Coat - - 189 Umbrella - 192 Scarf - 193 L mbrella 195 Umbrella - 199 Shawl - - 200 Coat - - 204 Umbrella and parasol - 23 206 Coat - - - - 208 Umbrella and yard mea sure - - 210 Opera-glass - 212 Pocket-book - 214 Coat and books 215 Mantle - 216 Umbrella 218 Coo G 0 Boa - - 602 Shawl - - 603 Cane - 606 Umbrella - 607 Air-euehton - 608 Two umbiellas 612 Coat and mackintosh - 617 Rug - - - - 619 Umbrella - - - 620 Purse - - - - 623 Parcel - - - - 624 Parcel - - - • 628 Cloak - - - 629 Work-box - - G3O Umbrella - 631 Umbrella - - 633 Church service - 636 Umbrella - - 637 Scarf - - - 638 Scarf - - - 639 Scarf - - - 640 Umbrella - - 642 Coat - - - 644 Rug - - - 647 Coat - - - 643 Silver box - - 649 Cloak - - 635 Shawl - - - 6b6 Umbrella - - 687 Shoe, waterproof - 658 Basket and boots - 660 Neck-scarf - 661 Coat - - - 663 Umbrella - 655 Umbrella - 667 Umbrella - 670 Rug - - • 671 Shawl - - • 672 Umbrella - 673 Coat, trousers, &c. 674 Umbrella - 676 Map - '677 Cane - 1 680 Coat - 681 Boa - A+42 Umbrella - 685 Umbrella - 688 Parcel - 689 Two coats - - - _ 690 Coat 691 Cloak and neck-scarf - 21 694 Roll, black cover - 26 695 Carpet bag - 2r 697 Umbrella - - - ' 699 Parcel - - - 700 Purse - - 701 Coat - - 702 Shawl - - 704 Umberlla - - 775 Umbrella - - 707 Hat - - - 70S Umbrella - • 709 Rug - - 710 Bag (lady's) - 712 Parcel - - 713 Auff 714 Bug - 715 Cane - 716 Umbrella 717 Scarf - 719 Cane - 720 Purse 721 Cano 722 Coat 723 Box - - 231 - - 23 -24 j - - 24 - - - 25 223 Parasol - 226 Note-book • 229 Cane - 233 Speetael s 23G Two parasols 242 Cloak 243 Parasol 214 Four parasols and camp stool 215 Coat - 216 Coat - 247 Parasol - 254 Parcel - 255 Parasol - 237 Coat - MS Bag (lady's) 262 Coat - 264 Parcel - 266 Parcel - 273 Foot-rug 276 Parasol - 277 Coat - 279 Ro4 281 Trowsers 283 Umbrella 286 Victoria° 287 Spade - 289 Parasol - 291 Coat - 292 Coat - 293 Table flab and 2 plates - 15 294 Umbrella - - 15 303 Parasol 301 Coat 305 Brooch - 307 Hat gibus 308 Cap - 309 Parasol - 313 Umbrella 314 Carpet bag 315 Coat - am Bag, stick, and umbrella 20, 317 Cap - 318 Scarf - 320 Coat - 321 Coat - 325 Umbrella 326 Coat - 326 Parasol - 329 Basket 330 Boa - 332 Umbrella 333 Shawl, &c. 335 Ring - 336 Rug - 334 Spectacles 340 Coat - 344 Coat - 347 Coat - 348 Umbrella 354 Coat - 358 Umbrella 360 Parcel 7 725 Scarf - - 7 727 Umbrella - 7 728 Shawl - - 729 Carpet bag - - ) 73) Cloak - - ) 734 Brooch - - . 735 Umbrella - - 1736 Coat - - - 1737 Coat - - - ! 739 Bird (stuffed) - ! 740 Umbrella - t 741 Umbrella - - 742 Victorltio - - 744 Reticule (lady's) - 748 Victorine - 749 Cap (soldier's) pocket-book • - 750 Umbrella - 751 Rug - - - 752 Cap - - - 753 Shawl - - - 754 Trousers - - 756 Cloak (lady's); - 758 Cloak (lady's) - 759 Retienlelbasket - 660 Hat and cap:- - 763 Carpet bag - 765 Basket - 767 Umbrella - 709 Muff - - 363 Blue Bag 365 Cloak - 368 Book - 360 Cane - 370 Muff - 372 Umbrella 375 Parcel - 374 Brooch - 378 Cent and parasol 379 Coat - - 380 Boa - - - 381 Umbrella - 333 Coat - - - 384 3 umbrellas, l 2 sticks, and parasol - 357 Carpet bag - 384 Stick - - 389 Pocket-book - .592 Cigar-case - 393 Umbrella - 394 Rug - 396 Umbrella - 402 Umbrella - - - 5 - - 6 - - sl THE NOVELTY most recently introduced by MESSRS. NICOLL is called NICOLL'S PATENT EIDER DOWN PALETOT, such novelty consisting in the adaptation of Eider Down in the formation of NICOLL'S PALETOT, the original elegance and utility of which is, however, faithfully preserved. Eiders are found in great numbers in Iceland and the Fern Islands, where their beautithl and delicate down is well known to be proof against the most severe cold, and even the small quantity which can be compressed and concealed between the two hands, wil: serve in the formation of a Palet6t, which, while it has most extras ordinary lightness, has, nevertheless, more warmth than the fines , and thickest blanket, the great desideratum for a winter garment being thus accomplished, namely, personal warmth without fatigue. Public inspection is invited at MESSES. NICOLL'S wholesale and retail warerooms, 111, 116, and 120, REGENT. STREET, and 22, CORNHILL, London. THE NICOLL PALETOT (Registered 6 and 1. 7 Viet., cap. 60 WAREROOMS, 114, 116, 120, RE3IDITT STREET. and 22, CORN HILL. Many have assumed the use of the word PALETOT, but Messrs. NICOLL are the sole Patentees of the design and material. The Wholesale and Counting House Departments for the London Branches in the Shipping and Woollen Trades are in CHANGE ALLEY, CORNHILL, and 120, REGENT-STREET. The NICOLL is the distinguishing name given to a garment secured by Royal Letters Patent from general imitation. It has all tita advantages of Messrs. NICOLL'S orixinal invention, the RE GISTERED PALETOT of LLAMA CLOTH. The NICOLL PA LETOTS are charged One, Two, Three, and Three-and a-half Guineas, according with the climate or purpose for which they may be required. FOOS AND DAMF AIR. BARCLAY'S ASTHMATIC CANDY has, for many years, been proved an effectual preservative from the 111 effects of the Fogs and Damp Air, which, in the Wiater Season, are so prevalent -in this Climate. Its effects are to expel Wind, to preserve the Stomach from the admission of Damps, and to relieve those who suffer from Difficulty of Breathing. Prepared only by Barclay and Sons, 95, Farringdon-street, London; and sold retail, by their appointment, by Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Gifford and Co., 104, and IT. Burfleld, 180, Strard ; Johnson, 6i, Cornhill ; and all respectable ➢iedicine Venders in Town and Country. Observe :—None can be genninc, unless the names of " Barclay and Son." are on the Stamp affixed to each Box. Just published, price 55., Ave. in cloth, TRICTURE of the URETHRA; its Patho ►J' logy and Rational Treatment, wills important Practical Ob servations on the Use and Abuse of Instruments in the Treatment of Obstructions of the Urinary Canal ; showing how it is that Stric tures, in most cases, not Only resist, but are aggravated by the ordi nary means adopted fir their cure, and at length become seriously complicated by the so-called "consequences of Stricture." The whole illustrated by numerous cases, which will be found to embrace every possible form of Stricture and its consequences, together with appropriate means of cure. jay F. B. COURTENAY, Those who are labouring under long-protractel stile+ are, with all its accompanying miseries, will fled detailed in this work modes of treatment adapted to such cases, the efficacy and superiority of which have been tested by repeated practice; whilst those who are suffering under the less severe forms eff.the disease may find the means of prompt relief, and at the same time such information as will protect, them from becoming the victims of unskilful and v'olent treatment—the main-spring of severe and complicated oh structions of tiiB urinary canal. " The operation of introducing a catheter through an impermeable stricture is, without doubt, the most difficult in the whole range of surgical operations, and de mands all the prudence, science, a n d skill of a master. The art " Ln o n t Surge that gradually, by fr equent practice."— Published u H ier . e Bd ll i tilliere, 219, Regent-street;; An d Ma- ybe had Li ! o ' l s y O b e Operative b a c v of al boolsoellerz In town and country. NEW MONTHLY WORK . e Y MRS. ELLD4. Author of " Social Distinctions; c * , Hearts end Homes." On the Ist of February will be .nblishe(l.4 the . Second Part, price 25., to be continued Monthly; also in Fr nightly Parts, price is., IVERS. ELLIS'S. MC)] tNING CALL; Lui A TABLE 11007{ 1F LITE 1.) .TUBE AND ART. Part It. will contain: Self-Decor .tio ; or, the History of a Human Ilearf—Th• Water-Cress a 'rt- -The Ileauly of Art—The • Months -The Gentleman who never 1 flu Change—Woman's Smile— The Lore of Lalye Anne (Song= the . 3 tusic by G. A. M a ct t rr eq , Esq., composer_ of the oper a of' " C ht rics ll.")—Summer in the Sabine Mountains—The Grave on the rAdp--A. Passirg Thought— Female Emigratioa—Meurive Mayß. ; or, Never too Late Grouading for Fancy - iron - ted Work- rho Cbik.'s Question—Re views of New Rook;, &c. It will alsN t be embellished with Two beautiful Stsol Engravings. " A. long, successful, and useful career*, mey be natl.:4;o6d for the Morning Call.' "—Morning Advertise'!:; ".The name of the eddress will be ; t afficient 'recommendation." "We argue well 'br the future suCc"* of this book."—Dispatch. John and Frederick Tallis, 1,31), on and New 'fork. LIFE. Illustrates b " Plitz." " LIFE, the MIRROR r 4 f the MILLION," a ne - v Weekly Family Jour n •, Serious and Comic, with numerous Prigravings. No. 1. will be pubil=hea on Saturday,. I cbruary 2. Price Twopence, Stamped Threepence. . Country Agents suppliel with Show • lards, Bills, &c., on applica tion to Joseph Clayton, Publisher, 265„ Strand. • Just published, p ce 45.. rra BRAZILIAN SLA rE TRADE, and its Remedy; showing the Futility el,' Repressive Force Measures. Also how Africa and our West 'Alan I Colonies may be Mutually Benefited. • - By T. B. II: TROMP )N, M.D. Slmpktn mid Marshall, Stationers'-h ii 1-court; and Holliston and Stoneman, Pateraoster-row. Lirerooo th: Georg., rhllip and Son. DAV.II..S . S CANDLES, cild. an! .51. per lb.; wax-wick moulds; 6d. ; corn, is site, 710., '94., and 914 d. ; Botanic wax candles, Is.; Gamut wa C, is 24.; fine wax, Is. 54. ; transparent wax, Is. 84. and Is. 10d. ; st 74,i1X, 24. Id.; sperm can dles, Is 81. and 1 , . 104. ; metallic, 74 uld srl. ; motticd soap 5.55. and 60s. per 112 lbs." yel ow, 445., 6 , ~ and 565. ; Windsor soa", Is. 4d. per packet ; brown Windsor, is 84. ;`=rose, 2..•; almond, 2s. 64.; c ern oil, 7s 64. per gallon ; a !tar, 3s. 3,1. ; argand, 4s 6d. ; sealing war, 4a. 64. per lb., for cash, r t DAVIES'S.. old established warehouse, 63, St. Msrtn's•lano, c posite Westminster Comity Court (late New Slaughter's Coffee-he' ie). PEEFECT lON—THE ..- KOFFSPRING rt OF COMPE t )1; ! Gentlemen desirous of seeing garmei. tte cut in the purest style of art should call at the fashionable Estab' Y hments of , L. lIYAM and 0 0., Merchant Tailors, Woollen Dr p ors, and Outfitters. 86, OXFORD-STREET, an 4 36, GR 4,‘ :lECHURCH-STREET, LONDON. PALETOTS, PARISIAN {;SACS and OVER COATS. i The largest, cheapest, and most reche: t ,he stock in the great me tropolis of the above fashionable garmen 6 s is now to be seen at the Establishments of L. lIYAM and C !C • Merchant Tailors, Woollen Drap and Outfitters, 86, OXFORD-STREET, and 34 :Al 71 :CHUIZCII-STREET, LONDON. WELCOME NEWS for 'INTER DAYS. If you are desirous of attiring y ktr rscif in the warmest and most beautiful garments, at the lowest sc. icp of charges, visit the ex tensive Establishments of L. lITAM and C 86, OXFORD-STREET, and 36, GRA DECHURCLI-STREET, LONDON. _ _ _ . Excellence in fabrics, perfection in cut, a• if superiority in Workman. ship are the great characteristics of tL toe fashionable Establish• ments. IS IT YOUR PURPOSE Td ) SAVE MONEY If so, patronise the extensive I latablishments of L. IIYAM and Merchant Tailors, Woollen Drag no, and Outfitters. METROPOLITAN ESTABLI. tigiENTS. 86, OXFORD-STREET, and 3';', GRA I.I.4OHURCII-STREET, LONDON. - BRANCH ESTABLISIIIV MTS. ' 63 and 65, Lord-street, Liverpool 1;1, Kir g-street, Manchester. 23, New-street, Birrniugharn. 26, Ms tct-street; Manchester, 42, Wine-street, Brissl. 42, 13:i. gate, Leeds. ii. Union-street, Bristol. i 7, ALIJ 1 vt-place, Hull. 123, High-street, Exeter. 43 Ar, ri'e-street, Glasgow. T IIE PALACE OF WINTER A FANCY FOR THE 1.1 ZOST. My humble muse before your DOUCE. IX rings All manner of imazinary things. Her present subject is a well-timed. >t aeme, Presented in the fashion of a dream.. While sitting in my study to comp( se A splendid scene before my fancy rcce 'Twas Father Winter's Palace, built f ice, And I'll deser'be it, for it looked S 6 t3lt 0 • Its portico, I.s walls. and pillars, too,. Arose transparently to fancy's view; Struck with the sight which thus my d.-eam supplied, I toddled up the steps, and walked i pride ; And oh, my heart (excuse the vulgar • phrase), On what a splendid picture did I gar e Chairs, sofas, tables, all were built if Ice, And, as I said before, they looked so nfee. The window-curtains hung in icy m tAwork, And each pier-glass was framed wit' t Icy fret-work ; The chandeliers and luttres, wrong] U, with pains, Dropped in bright icicles, like diam rut chains. The icy floor a snowy covering had, Tile cushions ditto, and the s :fa-pa d. It was a sight delightful to behold, A sight superb—but oh, I felt so col 4 ; For, as It happened, I forgot the cot t Which Moses male me at their house of note. This would have kept my form from.; feeling chilly; I can't imagine how I was so silly. 'Tvrenld just have suited such a seer Le of ice, And, like the palace, would have Ia at' -d so nice. I'll say no more—the subject rightl y,closes With such a well-earned complimei tt for Moses. LIST OF PRICY S. READY MADE. Antumn and Winter Over t. oats, in every The Baiwer, handsomely and warmly - trimmed 0 18 0 Tke Paletot, ditto ...... . • •••• •• 0 18 0 Chesterfield, The Albert Wrapper, a very hands on style of Ovrr Coat .. •• •• •• .... •••• • - •.. •• • 1 5 Shooting Coats ••••••••• • •• • • •• • • ••• •••• • .. 0 8 6 Lounging or Morning Coats .. •.• •. w ..- ••• • •. 0 4 6 Autumn and Winter Trousers, in T eed •• 0 4 6 Ditto' ditto D ceidvin .. 0 7 6 3;itto Black Silk Velvet Ve5t5........ • • ••• • .. 0 13 Dress Coats .......... ........ ~....... 0 17 0 Frock Ditto •••• • • • • •••••.. • • • • • •• 019 0 Youths and Boys' Over Coats, in e very style, from • ...... .......... • • •• • • 0 7 0 Hussar and Tunic Snits • ........ ...•• •• •• 0 14 6 • Boys' Autumn and Winter Vests •• 0 0 8 MADE TO MEASIIIM Men's Autumn and Winter Over Co at; 3..froin 1 1 0 The Cht. , sterfield Wrapper, in a a 'at as ma terial, lined •.• • .• •....... ..... ~..... •• •• 1 8 0 The l'aletot, handsomely and warmly Itrimmed 1 16 0 The Eglinton Wrapper, a very elagaunt style of Over Coat ••.•••• • .. • • .... ••• • • • .-... •• • • 2 (' 0 The Strathmore Witney Over Coat, newest style, lined throughout .• • 210 0 Autumn and Winter Trowsers, in eed and Best Black Cassintere ditto •• •• 1 6 0 Autumn and Winter Vests •• • • ....- 0 8 6 Best Black Cloth ditto .• •................. 013 6 Black Silk Velvet ditto ........ 0 18 6 „ Dress Coats— • •••• •• •• fres a 325. to 215 0 „ Frock .• ••••••.. •• •• •• • •fron t 355. to 3 3 0 Hussar and Tunic Suits •..... .......from 1 5 0 Men's Shooting Coat •. • • .....• • • ....• •••-• .. 0 15 0 Elegant Dressing Robes, in great variety, from • • ..16s. to 5 0 0 A Medal, containing an Almanac for they ; year 1850, wit be pre sented every customer. A Large Stock of Fur Coats, in every 51 tx,pe, from 60s. to 201. Naval and Military Uniforms, Ltveries, &c. Mourning to any extent at Five Ifintles' notice. A snit of Mourning complete: for 11. 103. The new book, entitled "The Minton t if the Million," with full lireettons for Self-measurement, can be / Lad en application, or for warded, post free, to any part of the kings tom. Notice—The Fur Department is new rc pieta with every novelty of the season. Observe—Any article purchased, either ready made, or made to measure, if not approved of will be exchant cel. or the money returned. E. MORES and S'abf, Tailors, Woollen: rap arc, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoemakers, and General Outfitters, 154, 155, 156, and 157 Minorie', and ea, 84, a.b. and 86 Al4gate, City, London; all communicating Ivllh each other, and forming one vast Establishment. Caution.—E. Moses and Son regret hav Lag to guard the public against imposition; but having heard tia at the untradesmanlike falsehood of being connected with them, or" It is the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, ts id for obvious reasons, hey beg to state that they have v.o connexbe a with any other house In or oat of London, except their Branch Es tablishments, 36, Far gate, Sheffield; and 19, Thornton's-buildings, Bradford, Yorkshire; aa4 those who require cheap and genuine clothing. &0., should call at or send to the Minories and Aldgate, London; or either of the Branch Establishments, as above. Take Notice.—This Establishment is elesett trent sunset Friday, to enneet Saturday. when business is ratan& till twelve o'clock DR. CULVERWELL'S STEW WORKS. To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Carvalho• 147, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author; price One Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d. ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. "Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time." _ _ CONTENTS:—EarIy Rising—Spring and S ummer Mornings—Ex cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills, Forests, Fields, High-roads, and other pie. cant places—Country Trips and Rambles —The Sea—London at Night—Evenings at Home —Music—The Drama— On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air, Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &c. 11. FRAGMENTS FROM THIMOUNTAINS. Two Vols. 'Vol 1. A VISIT TO THE LIKES ; :SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, &c, Vol. IT. . _ THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY; REMINISCENCES OF DUBLIN, &c. 111. WIIAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID. "That three score years and ten our course may run." A popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses the yonng, besets the man of pleasure, business, or study, and em bitters old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical regu lations of every -day life. IV. THE PASSIONS. " What passions hurt the body—what improve, Truths as refined as Athens ever heard." SUBJECT 7- 7 -11reTpil;IMitge, from infancy to old age. The aivent of the passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative, and rcmediativc. Advocacy of early marriages. Y. THE MARRIAGE STATE. " To be or not to be, that is the question." raeortAsistm:—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re ligion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and choice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and figure, to secure healthy olY4pr:ng, with the art of rearing them. Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and Its conversion. Cases, &c. By R. J. CULVERIVELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), E.S.A. (1824). Twenty-five years:Medical and Forensic Referee in these matters. Reception hours daily till five. Evenings, seven till nine. 10, Argyll place, Regent-street. QUEEN'S HOSPITAL, BIAMINGUAIC—At the weekly board of the Committee of Council of this valuable charity, held on Friday last, at which the Rev. Preben dary Gray presided, on the motion of the High Bailiff, S. W. Lucas, Esq., seconded by Mr. Thomas Upfil, an unanimous vote of thanks was recorded on the minutes to Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. J. Y. Scarlett and the officers of the sth Dragoon Guard s , not only i n ac k now l edgment of their kindness in perm itting the attendance of their military band on the occasion of the annual festivity at the Town-ball, but also for the . generous donation of 101. in aid of the funds cf the charity. _ Coyint SHOOTING. — Seventy woodcocks, _ besides snipe and wildfowl, *ere shot in four days last week, by two guns, at Balmacaan, Glen Urqu hart. Si x t een brace of woodcocks have been shot at Aldourie,—/nver mos Courier. THE RATIONALE OF UNRE- STRICTED TRADE. TO THE ELECTORS AND NON-ELECTORS OF THE CITY OF GLASGOW. Gentlemen,-;--Amon g many other conflicting subjects, the following will most probably engage the time arid coniderstlon. of the scission f Parlia-aent which meets on the 31st instant:-1- Free-trade and Protection; 2, The Condition cf . heisted; 3. Colonial I.Vicy; 4. TAXll tior:and Expe n d: ture; 5. Electoral Reform. I-sm of op:nion th -t the consideration of at leasolm, f theabove qiiestione c annot and ought not to be procra— tinate d; but I de not censider that the question of Free trade end Protection requires, as a leading parliarnentaoy F 1.0 ject, any further docussion. The principle of this question is, in - my opinion, irrevocably settled; and it is only further net e ,sane to abolish every restriction which raay eat remain on trade and mervf.ctures, in order to complete a system of uninterrupted intercourse of ships and of it;esbetween all the nations of the world. As far, however, as visible circumstances enable we to form an Opinion, the question which lea. t requires th e 'meeting of Parliament fn. the dispatch of business will constitute the leading obstruction to the progress of all useful legislation. We are threatened with an ex traordinary combination of power, eloquence, and wis dom, tho purposes of which coalition are no less than to obtain a dissolution of the House of Commoni, a new generel aleetion, a Protectionist majority; consequently, a piteous resigeation or ignominious dismissal cf her Majesty', present advisers, the discomfiture of all Free traders, from Lord John Russell and Sir Robert Peel down to the veriest Corn-law Rhymer; then an imme diate restitution t f corn-dtitioa and other taxes on the essential fond of man, and a triumphant return to the good old times of (hats food —which means scarce food; fir nothing has ever been,' nor can ever be, dear that is plentiful. Alt` eugh their efforts may greatly inte - rupt the real hesita t es of Parliament, the - country may be coefiJesely asiti2d that there h not the lca e t p ros pe ct of iseteuting sr_ e a Protectionist millenium. I am every succeeding year more convinced, by addi tional Lids, of the beneficial effect; of our comrcercial legislation during the last ten years. I am unable to recant any one opinion which I have given on the sub ject of unrestricted trade and on monopoly since 1840; nor am I prepared to correct any statement which I de livered he fore the Committee of the House of Com mons in 1840, further than as to say haviug been at that time rather behind than ahead of the age. I then pro posed (not as sound in principle—for I guarded myself— but as, at that time, a desirable settlement of two duties), in the pro forma tariff ahich 1 presented to the Com mittee, a duty of Bs. per quarter on wheat, and a diffe rential—that is to say, a Protectio n i s t's—duty of 12s. per cwt. m o re on f ore ign than on c o l on i al sugar. Happily for the country, .I vi a ; not gratlfiel in seeing that unsound expedient cf mine realised. It was pro posed by the Government, to which I considered myself by principle attached; but -they were dt feated fiesta. Protectionists, whether of corn, or of saccharine mounts who at that time considered themselves powerful, these fore wise in their generations. It followed taat the' Melbourne Government appealed to the country, as the Protectionists hope Lord John Russell's; will a:so, have soon to do. The Melbourne Ministry then found itself in a minority—as the Protectionists believe Lord John if he sent the present M em b ers o f t ß h u e s c se o l m rs m ss o 'o n u s id w to n t o he , their constituents. Lord Melbourne's Ministry, therefore, resigned. A supposed Protectionist Government succeeded. That Government, however, abolished the corn-laws, and carried into effect more than all I ventured to propose in my pro.forma tariff of 1840 he 12s. differential sugar duty excepted. On an Irish tpiestior, Sir R. Peel's Government left office in 1846. The present Government then came into power. In 1847 Lord John Russell, who declared " that pro tection was the bane of industry," with this motto as a I- aling policy, de nanded the verdict of the country at a genesis! election. A new Parliament was re turned. You did me the hononr to send me to the !louse of Commons, to represent the largest city, after the metropolis, in the British empire ; to represent a great ship-building and ship-owning port; a city with interests of enormous amount, and if every mercantile and ma nufacturing verb ty, veetol in the North American, the West and East Indian Colonies, and involved in its vast navigation and commerce. Well, then ; what has hap pered ? Lord John R usse ll' s Government and this Parliament have abolished all protective duties on sugar, have abolishel all duties on copper o'o3, and on the other few remaintng raw materials ; and more astounding than all, they have abolished the venerable navigation laws, by which " Britannia bee for ages ruled the waves." I, as your Represenaetive, and my colleague also, gave the Government our earnest support in carrying those ice satires ; and I shall also cot Cnue ti give them my support whenever they propose any good measures.. Yet 7 o have received no rebuts a from the city of Glasgow. We have certainly much to reform; but I am certain that an early general election would do little to advance civiliaition or national freedom; white I am certain that it ...utaid produce a mischievous agitation, clistrtect and delude mi'n'a minds, rid be ere( priin o n ly• ;.. disturbing the industry of the country, and in diminish ing' the remunerative employment of the people- In all times t f anarchy it is the labouring and trading classes who stiffer the most. There is no meat or driels earned, no .domestic happiness secured, in riots or in revolutions. I consider that them is much that we ere bound to endeavour to do with regard to ameliorating the condition of several millions of the people in the :three kingdoms, who are still under-fed, insufficiently clothed, and miserably lodge]; but I can bring no power of calculation, no exertion of reason, to my aid, which will justify roe in arriving at the Protectionist conclu sion that those millions will be more fully f.d, more warmly cl a d, and more comfortably lodged, by diminishing th e quant i ty of food; therefore making it scarce, and therefore des-- All my elemeets cf calcu lation, and my reasoning faculties, lead mo into a con clusion altogether different. If I inquire what is the state of the country after a trial of six years of not yet complete, though compara tive free trade, I find that we have overcome with ex traordivary success the calamities of two deficient har vests in the United Kingdom, and of an unparalleled famine caused by the potato-rot in Ireland; that we have the great mercantile houses that triumphed over a commercial crisis, occasioned, with have e respect f i e a t t s i t, as i nearly u m b s y p t r o y l s o :s el i a l b g l l d e existing l t e r g a s e t a h ti a v v e e e l e a e - n i t s a s e b r s remedy e t u d s t ; j thatrottenness,pa y s t , h e e most burdensome taxation imposed on any Fe Tie in the world; that we have proudly maintained, u n i m p a i re d, our public me lit; th at while ether nations have been and 'revolution, a n d t h e i r inhabi dtainsttusribnedeobnyseanarchyquence invol ve d i n suf f er i ng and loss, we have enjoyed tranquillity in our homes, in our streets, i in our fields; and w e h ave prc ,n e r all the Cati ons f the world. I o v u e r d highways,peace with d em phatically dwell on our having enjoyed tranquil security within our own borders, and haying maintained peace with ail foreign nations. Let us not estimate the la tof those blessings ligh t l y, for it is ind e libly sta m p e d on t h e rational excheq uer that the campaign of Waterloo added to the fended d e b t of the n a tion about ono b un d le d mil ions, and th at to Pay the interest of that liability the taxpayers of England and of Scotland have contributed ever since, and must continuo to do so as long as British credit and ho nour shall be maintained (and I hope neither will e ver b e stained), rather more than three millions a year — a sum which would enable the present Chancellor of the Exchequer (who I am confident would gladly do so if in his power) to abolish the odious win doss - ax and to reduce the enormous duty of 2'. 21 per lb. on tea to Is. per lb. 1, therefore, both on the grounds of humanity, civili zation, and economy, advocate peace, though I believe thst there ar e cases in which war may be unavoidable. The ordeal o f di ff i culties and calamit i es t h rough which we have str ugg l ed, w e h ave b ra ved and triumphed over with mor a l, p h ysical, and political honour as a nation, notwithstanding the so-called free-trade years of 1846, 1847, 1848, and the still more f ree - tra d e year cf 1849. That there are unfortunately, as I have already stated, some millions of our people, especially in Ireland and in the rural districts c f England, amidst which there are no important trading or manufacturing towns, who are seill under-fad, ill-clothed and sheltered, is a de tdorable fact. At the same time our people general!) are as well employed, and I believe as well paid, and our industry and trade as thriving, as et, ny forme: period. With respect to the agitation which h as b een excited by the Protectionists, I am willing tr admit that the landlords, and even farmers, believe that the:r sufferings, ell or imaginary. and their inconveniences and embar rassments, are owing to the causes which they express at their numerous meetings. I make very charitable allowances for the fallacies which they cherish, respect those Lords and Gentlemen ; but I cannot help saying that they are sliding deep in the mire ef delu sion —that their perceptions are dimmed in the mists of fallacies, Now, I believe that the great majority of the delibe rate thinkers of the people of these kingdom s aro f ully al p r i e a p d a f r s e o d f to the Protectionists, with all the asserti ons and Jere ctionists, and to dissipate tacit whole Illiad of Woes." Wo can undertake to prove that there have been lower prices of corn and more severe periods of agri cultural distress while prohibitive and protective corn which carried off numerous and food duties were in s hen at the present a d tE n i l i a ez y i sa v b ; : o t b b f h er n a r ivy-berries s e ! ulture in the reign of go back to those dearths previous to the nor people to the we r c e o m g time. I p a l d ai - la t t o s of bread. The com. reign oe th af o t W u tf s h e c a e c r u ‘ fnd fern-roots need to t : t o e e a t e r t c s o nt ; nor to the peried when Elizebeth's first care was, that enoughlVilrd l and tura I ruin are sufficiently abunt'ant du ring the last fifer or sixty years. The whole history of respect to English legislation, with . food, exhibits the p il l a e i n n r t y s F V B I g l r l i futility of human laws on the subieect; for as no law can the people should have E e control or avert wet, dry, calm,for stormy seasons, and as the Almighty wisdom has provided that the calami ties of bad harvests have not been, nor ever shall be universal, the only wise course is to leave agricultural manufactures, like all others, free to competition. But, instead of nature's laws, the Government and the law ragors of ,England ban been constuoy interfering in - 81 ,:,-:•;,:-.:,::'-',.:!..;-.4.44:CIA\ 4,- - . / ./'''' 'r-"--..- •--,..-• , -- -- " -------- ..,, 1 , • • / -t- --e - . i r .... , . • . - ' I 111 4, 1 i r .l4l ', 24, 1 . , ~ .. 11. 1 :,r • iiz e.. , ....:p,'"; `..... _ ' ' - 4 „---- A -- _------- , ~, , i,...,,..,._,..,„, • - 4 . 0 • 1 41. 1 ‘ .... " 41 , 754. r, :".. _-.90, , ; ,.„ .. ...-; . . ! , _ .______ _ el-------e---A ,i, ,' 1 , !, ,'' 1$ , ' i-31,74 . 3 , .. •,.. \ .. .., 2, .. - . ~,, -,, 4 , 4 : 7 ,5 •;• ~ • ; . 1 . 1 ~. '''' '.`, ,-..i. .3.. ~ q ~ ._ , fii i ,;,T•Sa,!! •:. 2 : 14 '• 1 .. - err :.:',, -' '..V4'- .. -- , ~.1:, ,. .-4, . ...1 c---' l . 1 / 4 ., I . .0 ,7----. '----- , t-... - -... : ; . \ ;,-,-. = • ..1 Vi I ' _,,,,,,0, rz ....: , z,x , c-4,-„„.. 7 ,\vi t, 4:-: - ' - ' — a . • S. "' ' .) ‘,‘ N: ,'- • , ' . )I t i • .....'',., i) 1 p k -‘. 1 . ; ,4t ~,,, , i 1 -,-; ► i . , ' 1 .-- 7 • --- -6 ,- .•,------ '''S; l' ~ I t -",---,..*" , -." ~,.- ' l,e, -...,!,,,. 4.7„ ). :, , ,, , ,t___ ,..4, , ? , ~.....4, 114 .7 . ? ~,,,•k . ' ,4,... , , , , i7N: , , ,:5. , ,, , ...., . ;,;.-..,)-- : . . , 9,,,,--*-LPA—, t-..-..) 5 , T1F-1,..0:4Lfe - tizy .--♦ ici : :;iTirps%- ; . ~... _____., ... 'v ir i - .. - , ---,....0 , ..- 7*4 --,.. • , , o t . ~ . 1 ,.._ ..: ~ aii- .. --, --...z21 2 ,__ 44 p ty ., vg,,,,- )1 , 02 ;.•,.. .._lgi f y 4, ..V. , ‘); 1- -- ,`V. -- : , ''.l / ,-. 9 F ' "''''' ' r`!. , V-- , `, - .1 - --...- , /-(' . ~ [PRICE SD. /,--- _.------ V le;chants, manufactarnr, and artisans, if they are involved in embarrassments, have submitted, and must submit, to the consequen- ee Yet how numerous are those classes in proportion to the landholders'! How many thousands of merchants, shipowners, manufactu• rers, artisans, have been ruined, and their families re duced to poverty; and all of them forir, veil ei a s ew years; unless by honestly facing adversity, by resuming with increased efforts and with greater frugistity the pursuits of industry and trade, they have, as they hap. pily frequently have, recovered tt ex position in thus world. fI repeat that the encumbered landlord must subin't t) the same destiny as the embarras , el trieesman, manu facturer, shipowner, or merchant. None can hereafter escape by partial laws. The day has pawed anal for ever when the great body of her Malesty's sutij-ets will consent to have a Parliament consisting of a House of Lords and a Heusi. of Landlords, to roak. spcid laws for agriculture, in order to restrict, by fictitious high prices, the quantity of food to b 3 consumed by t.,e people. All taxation must also be in - posed according to the most equitable distribution tt a . can he -prac ticable. We must consider all wealth al the p ro d uct of lalsour —of labour applied so as to re trier a raw material, whether land, cotton, or metal, valuable, when th e ar ti c l e produced or manufactured i s demaned or sold in the home market, or to the markets of the wort s ). I snake no distinction whether the article produced be a quarter ef corn, a casos assign., a ton of iron, a web ef woollen, or a p'eze of cotton—labour and art produce all. N.sw„ as to the protection • f the one or the other, le us take an example of two encumbered articles—land and sugar. If a merchant t t Calcutta exports 10,000 bags of sugar to London, and if he draws bills forit to the amount of 10,0001. on the merchant to whom tl e sugar is consigned, th e laver accepts the bills, provided h e rece i ves the bi Is cf lading, which places the sugar in his hands for disposal in order to realise the money to pay the bills at meta rite. On the other hand, if the merchant at Calcutta, who shipped the sugar, bring a needy man, "has hypo thecated the sugar—that is to say, received 9,0004 from the Oriental money lender (the East India ilbrnpeny)— he has parted with so much or all c f his ownership in the Fugate and the merchant in London cannot possess or sell it until he pays 9,000/. to the East India Conapany—nor will he accept the bills, unless he his confideot that the sugar will sell - for fully as much metre, after paying 9,000/. to the proprietors' nents in Leadenliall street. If 10,000 acres ef the material land can, at the nttsti ral market price, bAired to an a.rriculturel umnera3, tuner so a; to afford to pay its owner a sum cf 10,0e.01. annual rert for hire of the land, leavint - , exclusive of this reef, a reasonable value of prodice for its annual labour and profit, the material land is actually in the 1 same condition with respect to its ownership as tl - e sugar, when not hypothecated to the of at Leader hall-s.reee. But if the material land has passed through the hands of some Conveyarcing Glossie, who has hy pothecated the 10,000 acres to some nioneyslender, under an obl . gation. called a mortgage, of paying an annual intsrost 9,000/., the money -lender is exactly- as much the owner cf the land as the cotes at Leadenhail-street was of the smear ; and the nominal landowner con only legally and justly receive 1,000/, annually for the hire of his 10,000 acres. But if he says, as has been lately said by a Noble Earl, and by some others, in expressions amounting to the following:—" My establishment, my rank in society, my habits of life, the expec tations and the marriages of my daughters, the educating and the purchasing of commis sions in the at my, or of livings in the church for my younger sons, and the unavoidable, though in- QVitable, expenditure of corrupting the electors of the borough for which I sit, or my eldest son sits, in the House of Commons, render it en absolute necessity fur me to have an income, net of I,OOOZ, but of 10000/. per annum. I have —my fatler, grandf,ther, and great grand father have—dwlys spent annually that sum —I there fore, demand, coure qui code, a vested right to shot in cense; and I will obtain it by increasing the price of wheat and the bread dell the people, and therefore my rent, by a duty ( f tP.. or 10s., or ~ore, on every quarter of wheat, and so much in proportion on all other food not produced in the United Kingdom," To indulge in such delusive hopes is but increasing the measure of emharrassment. It has become clear, if a property for which an annual rent of 10,000/. a year is alienated for 9 COOL, that the nominal proprietor must either be content to live in accordance with 0 a meats of 1,000/. a-year, or his land must undergo the fate of all encumbered estate. Legislative necromancy will prove unavailing to maintain the incomes of improvident men, whether they be landlords, merchants, shiponners, manufacturers, ret a il traders artisans, or l a b ourers. With regard to Ir e l an d ail the foregoing obser vations will apply. The lauds of that wretched, that long misgoverned, and most unjustly treated country, are, I fear, especially involved in pecu liar difficulty with respect to its landlords and tenantry. No protective duties, no benevolence, no out door relief, no emigrations, can revive into prosperity s. country with the lands let as they are in Ireland. Until the whole system of land tenures—of the relation be tween landlord and tenent—the mode of cultivating the soil and the lab - inr of the people are completely changed, misery will continue t) afflict that country_ so bountifully endowed with the resources of wealth and happiness by the Almighty Creator—so distorted phy sically, industrially, and morally, by the filly and Nur flee of man. Ireland will, no doubt, be frequently rehearsed during the coming sessions in the House of Commons. May it be with more practical results than her. tofore. One word with regard to Emigralon. Two, kinds : one perilous to Ireland has teen long going extensively forward—that of the best of the rural classes to Ame rica; another, which hay sfilicted Glasgow and Liver pool, Eng'aod and Scotland —that of rn inundation if Irish paupers. As to emigration renerally, though most indutrioni emigrants themselves will greatly gain, I place no confiden ce in emigration as to grroit'y hem fit ins tbe United Kingdom. The subject is, however, too lengthy to enter upon in this already too long letter. My consolation is, that there is at present less distress and more employment, for the people generally, note i:hs standing the very great severity of the weather, during the last two months, than probably at any former period. As to assertions about lands going Ant of cultivation, I believe there is net the hest cause of alarm; and in the various reports laid formerly before Parliament, I find that at many periods of high protection within the present century firms with good soils in various agri cultural counties in England, especially Buckingham shire, Ken', Sussex, Suffolk, and Hampshire, were fre quently unoccupied; and that unless farmers are fright ened by the pernicious alarms of the Protectionists, every cultivatable sere of Great Britain would be soon occupied at fair rents; and that,in fact, the whole per plexity lies between the landlord and the tenant. Having thus gone through the whole question with respect to protection in regard to land and food, it was aintention, if not limitedby want of space, to have verted frilly to the st a t e o f our colonial empire; but I am cornrelled to confine myself to the general observa tion that I consider it just, and I believe it must be the policy of the present. Government, that the colonies should each have their own responsible Governments for managing all their local affairs; imposing their own taxer, and paying all their own expenses; that the co lonies, with regard to trade and navigation, should have no hostile tariffs, or shipping dues against each other; nor against the United Kingdom; that the trade be tween the United Kingdom and the colonies should be exactly on the same footing as between the Clyde and the Mersey—between the Forth and the Thames; and that the only colonial expense which the British Trea sury ought to pay would be the salaries of the Gover nors or Queen's representatives; otherwise I fear there will always be difficulties between the governor and the people about his pecuniary affairs, which may tempt weak men to favour, perhaps unconsciously to tamper with, colonial parties. - a - 3 - 4 - 161 - IS - 181 - 20 - 20 - 21 - 221 - 29 - 4 - s - 10 - 101 - 18 - 2* - 21 ~j - 31 Noy. - 3 - 5 - 6 - 6 - 6 - 7 - h - 19 - 21 1850 Jan. - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 9 - 10 NW raw &xi 9 JANUARY 29, 1850, mekieg and undoing food laws. The farmers, instead of benefiting, have been at all times sufferers by a re liance on thoso protective delusions; and I fearlessly give it as my deliberate opinion that the greatest curse which the Proteetiouists could now inflict on the land owners and farmers of the United Kingdom, would be to succeed, by agitation or otherwise, to re itnpe: e duties on the importation of corn and other essential articles of food. At present, any secceSsfal agitatiPe far so unwise a purpose as a renewal of fold duties would revive f dse rcliances on protection, and expectations of profits, that would not only end in disappointment, but would, from being founded on erroneous calcula'ione, divert landowners and fa-triers from that econome, skill, and industry which alone can save them; Protection would de'ude them into mgrs ruinous procra tination; and from at once submitting to an inevit necessity—that f con sidering the soil of the United Kingdom in its de fret° quality—that is, as a raw material, which must le wrought, not at the expense :f other raw materials, nor of other branches of industry, but upon the principle that the owner of the raw material (land), and its ma nuf feturer (the farmer), together with , his workmen, will have to divide among them the value of its produce at the price for which they can sell it in the market, and in such parts as they may agree upon among themielves; that is to say, the farmer ought not to give the owner of the raw malteds' (the land) more than he considers will leave him, on an average of a cycle of seasons, enough to pay him for the cost of labour, implements, and other oti!lays f )r . productiun, a piofit to maintain himself and family with sufficient food; clothing, and shelter. The workman ought • also to receive for wages as much, at least, as will feed him so well as to' maintain hint in health and full bodily strength, to clothe him sufficiently warm and &Teat, and to eholter him against the inele money of the weather. If those arrangements are impracticable, it follows that the raw material, land, is not suffieiently valuable to be manufactured, unless, the neanufaeturers of other raw materials are mulcted of part of their gains to sue -ei.c.tir the inferior raw article. This would bo a manifest injustice—in legislation a robbery. If this just and impartial rule be enforced, the raw material cf land can have no plea for special favour over other property. If products are to be taxed, especially food, a quarter of wheat produced in England ought to pay exactly the same number i of shillings or pence as if produce.' in the Ukraine, Ohio,'or any other place; that is to ear, an excise on the consumer, as is the practice in Prussia, Holland, and several other states. I, how ever, consider that, of all articles, the essential food of man ought to be free from le - eislative restriction and taxation. Tax distilled spirite, tobacco, and exciting stimulants as high a 3 you can—merely guard against exceeding the point of temptation for the smuggler to come in and cheat the revenue; but lot it be the first caret f Government and of a Legislature to remove every impediment of protective and fixed duty between the -easeptied, food ,cf Jaen and the mouth of every man, wOjet t einiinfleelAktiti9reat Brita!n and Ireland. s tfeeertThr to. expoet - the utter futility and the pernicious effh4s orlegitlatinEtor supplying food in abundance, and for regulating prices, I will briefly advert to the most prominent acts cf the Geo emment and Parliament with respect to corn. As early as the'reign of Richard that crucial knight-errant, on finding;several ships at St, Valery in France laden with • corn from England, im mediately hung all the masters and crews of Close vea sels, and sent the corn back to be eaten by the English. The dread of a dearth, in consequence of the famines which had efflicted the country at various periods. was considered paramount even to the horrers of war. The proclamations forbidding the exportation, and for punishing the "engrosfers," "regretters," and '' fore stallers" of corn and food, are curious examples cf human folly. In Elie lbeth's time she coml elled those who converted lands that were a' any time ploughed into pasture, to restore then to continued tillage, which she f Mowed up far four years, afterwards by her celebrated poor-law. In the reign of Charles the First various edicts and proclamations were issued, " fixing the prices of food;" "prohibiting exportation of corn and buteer;" "for preventing the dearth of corn and victuals;" and, in t,he "very greet expectation, at that time of a ge neral scarcity of core, &c., requiring " that, "according to ancient and laudable custom, there be a general ab stinence from suppers on Fridays, and on the eves of fast-lays, and on Wednesdays and Seturdays in the Em ber weeks and the Lent season, that the poor may be re lieved out of what shall be saved by such abstinence, and by a sober and moderate diet at other times." The feasts usually kept at the several companies' halls in London were fir the same lemon, " to be fore. bore;" and it was recommended by his Majesty to such the chargese)ar charge t p h e o r s i e on f s co w st hose .7to turnt to the relief of the poor." allow,e came e l e t a o s t b , e o t n ) c a a " f t t h f e In 1660 the expo. trfon of corn was not prohibited, but a high duty was levied on its exportation. Notwith standing all these expedients, agriculture languisbed, and the prohibit'.on to export was finally denounced as a blunder. The legislators in the first year cf William 111., at a time when wheat had averaged, for the three years ending 1688, 275. 4d. per quarter, changed the syst.-tn, and a bounty was given on the exportation of wneat. The bounty was oeca.ioorely withheld otter bad harves!s; but altogether, until the last year of the 18th century, 7,000,045/, was pa!ti for beunties on corn ex ported Thu fallacy and pernicious effects of the bounty on exporting corn were ably and completely exposed by Adam Smith, and he proved " that without benefiting the farmer:, the bounty del harm to the great body of the people, a el transferred in the most distressing times vast sums of money from the purses of the consumers to the petliets of :the jobbers." The Rev. Dr. Howlett, who afterwards examined the whole corn question of supply and consumption with great industry, " could diicover no beneficial operation ef the bounty ; ' and the late George Chalmers, in his " Estimate t f the Strength of a° Empire," a work greatly esteemed by Mr. Pitt, ays, " the bounty was paid, not for a good but fur a ba i purpose," and ho c on t en d s f or an unrestr i cted trade in corp. r. Arthur Young, in his " Political Arith reeac," shows that the law of 1773, which endeavoured to regu'ate the import and export of corn, at curt tin limited fixed prices, " was founded on radical mistakes," and Dr. Howlett contended " aat those corn-taws were abrogated by a higher power than Parliament." A. to periods of agricultural and commercial distress, it is impossible to attribute them at any time to free trade. We had a great commercial crisis and agricultural distress in 1766, in consequence of the dearness of pro visions. Al.er riot; broke out in various parts of tho kingdom, and many lives lost, the purts were opened for the importation of corn; and notwithstanding the °pro &Hon of the corn jobbers, on account of the bounty, an embargo was laid, by order iu Council, on the exporta tion c.f grain of all kinds. An indemnity for Ministers being asked for in - Pa-liament, the violence of the de bates was unexampled, and four amendments to the Ad dress to the Crown were moved, but negatived. In 1768, the Spitalfields weavers were, in consequence of low wage guilty of atrocious riots; and the colliers of Stour bridge, by physical farce, compellel the farmers and corn-Jealers to sell t h em Wheat fair ss. the bushel. There were riots, at the same time, caused by the coalbeavers, on account of scarcity of food, want cf employment, ,and low wage;. Precessions were made on like grounds by the sailors, at the same time; and the shipowEers complained that they were ruined, and I could find no employment for their ships, though the navigation-laws were in full farce. In 1769 and 1770 further discontentv,`Tico, murders, and execu tions prevailed. Ia 1772 there were numerous bank ruptcies and great commercial embarrassments. In 1779, rie.ts and , breaking machinery prevailed in Lan ealhire and other places; and in December of that year extraordinary meetings were held in the county of York and in all the chief towns for retrenchnient and crone my in the national expenditure, to alleviate the prevail ing distress. These meetings produced great sensation, and the landed interest of Yorkshire appeared promi nent at those assemblies. The York petition was signed by 8,000 freeholders. The great failures of 1793 arose chiefly from speculations in corn. In 1795 there was great scarcity, and the Lords of the Council attempt d by their example to induce the rich, far the sake of the poor, to use only coarse bread in their families. The metropolis, and other parts of the country, continued to sufTer great distress from scarcity, and the dearth ap proached to famine. It was relieved, however, by the f allowing abundant harvest. In 1797, general discredit having prevailed, the Bank of England suspended its cash payments. In 1800 there was scarcity, and food was very dear. The enclosure of 7,800)00 acres of waste lands was "recommended by the grand jury of York; and in 1801 the sale of fine wheat bread was prohibited, and brown bread ordered to be substituted. In February, 1803, the Chancellor of the Exchequer stated, that, in consequence ( f twenty mil lions having been drawn from the country for grain, it lemma necessary to continue the Bank Restriction Act. This is an extraordinary fact, as bearing on tl:e various Acts of legislation framed since 1688, for encouraging agriculture by protection. Yet, in consequence of a good harvest in 1803, and the price of wheat falling to 605., a new corn-law passed in 1804, which prohibited the importation of wheat until the average price in Eng land reached 635. ; but it was not free of duty urtd the price was 665. In 1810, gold bail nearly altog thee dis appeared"; and the exclusion, for some time, of our trade with the Continent, except when evaded by smug gling, caused embarrassments in trade and suspensions in manufactures. Ia 1811, the Luddite riots broke out in Nottingham, Derbyshire, and other places.- They assumed a most dangerou s character during the ensuing year. Up to the peace of. 1814 and 1815, the state of the country was unsay with regard to its trade and industry. In 1813 a new corn-law was passel, in consequence of the peace and a sudden transition of price:. Foreign v*heat was prohibited until the price f linglish wheat reached 80s. Notwithstanding this protection, plenty was not secured nor tranquillity maintained. In 1816 riots broke out in Wales, and in London by the Spafields weavers. The city of Loudon. et the same time, lett tionel the Regent, declaring " that there was general distress prevailing over all parts cf the kingdom , and de manding a thorough reform cf Parliament.' In 1817 great meetings a , sembled in every large t )wr! in Greas Britain; and the Royal message informed Parliament that combinations were numerous over the kingdom. The Habeas Corpus Act was suspended, and the illegal and celebrated iclaaoutla circular ritts Klinulg§ted. rove being maintained, trade and manufacturing industry continued to improve. In 1819 a monstrous slaughter of the people was perpetrated by the yeomanry in a field near Manchester; fur which the magistrates and ' the major commanding the yeomanry receive I, through Lord Sidusouth, the Regent's thanks. During the severe weather of the succeeding winter the poor suffered great dietrers. The Bank Restriction Act was continued ) 1823. In 1832 there wore abundant harvests in England, and in France, and in other parts of the continent; but owing to the re lure o ;the pot ato crop, a famine nod agrerian outrages prevailed at the sense time in Ire!ant'. Extraordinary subscriptions for relief if Irish fa-nine were raised in England. In 1823 the long peace and the resumption of ca, -h payments by the Bank had by this time caused a great deal of national prosperity is trade and manufactures; but, notwitbstanding the pro hibition of foreign corn until the price of British wheat rose to 80s., the landed interests complained loudly of their embraerassmente, and no less than sixteen counties sent requisitions to their sheriffs to call county meetings to consider the cause of agricultural distress. These meetings were held; and as they had no pretence to ask for prohibiting foreign corn, they petitioned for a re mission of taxes', economy in the expenditure., and a referm of Parliament. The prosperity of trade and manufactures, however, extended its benefits to lands, rents rose, and the agitation for reform, on the part of the landlords, subsided. The year 1824 exhib:Od extraordinary activity in manufactures, trade, and s hi pp i ng. Money was remarkably undant, and this prosperity led to those wild speculations and investments ,which produced a crisis of great distress in 1825 and 1826. The lest months Of 1825, and the early months of 1826, con atitnted a - period of commercial, manu f acturing, and shipping reunion and calamity, I believe, unsurpassed by any previous crisis. Several banks of old stand ing failed in Yorkshire, in the west. of England, and London. The panic became general, and t'-o Bank of England began to rc-issue one and two pound notes. A deficient harvest came, prices of wheat rose, and, after gloat opposition from the landlords, a resolution was carried t trough the Commons, vesting a power in Minis ters to allow the importation of foreign corn on limited conditions. Now, all the calamities which we have enumerated were, it is true, hut interruptions to the indomitable growth, strength, and prosperity of Britain. Bat they all (secure 1 under the most stringent of our protection and navigation laws. No relaxation was made in either until 1826, by Mr. Huskissen, and then only to a very limited extent. A highly protective corn-law existed from that time until a last experiment cf a sliding stele was introduced by Sir Robert Peel; but, finding that it failed, like all o th er expe di ents, ho boldly faced the dif ficulty, and abolished the fillacy of Protection altogether. In the meantime, rare the corn and navigation laws prevented distress and calamity ? Was not the country frequently disturbed and alarmed in various counties by incendiary fires, and the burning of corn stacks and barna? Have we not had the commercial crisis of 1836-7, which will be long remembered for the crash of great houses, and for the ruin of many of those who hal long flourished? Then came bad harvests in 1845 and 1846, with the Irish famine, and the commercial ern& of 1847; all le fore the free trade in corn which has scarcely been a year in operation. I will now show the fluctuations of prices under the system of Protective delusion. The fluctuations of prices nre remarkable under the system called, in the Ist William and Mary, cap. 12, "A reward of s'. to persons exporting corn when wheat should be at 48s. the quarter of 9 Winch e l sea b ushels. " During the te e years-1693- to 1702-the scarcity was so great that the period was called the' dear j ears cf the Revolution." All attempts to prevent the fluctuation of prices, or to meet the wants of the distressed, continued unavailable during the whole of the last century. In 1702 tlese was a remarkably good harvest, and, according to the register kept at Eton College, the prices f e ll, so th at t h e Winchester qu ar t er o f 8 bushels was generally sold, on Lady-day, at 265. BJ., and at Michaelmas at 25'. 540.; but in 1704 the prices were, at Lady-day, 51s. 61d, a' d, after the harvest, at Michaelmas, only 30s. 94d. During the first fiftyjyears of the last century fluctuations ranged from 20s. 98., at Michaelmas, 1743, to 81s. 11., the highest price in Michaelmas 1709, and on Lad l e day, 1710. D ur i ng twe l ve of these fifty years the prices varied from 21e. 11d. to 295. 7d. per quarter. Durirg twenty-five years the prices varied from 303. to .s9'. I,td. in twelve years, from 40s. to 48s. 101., and, in three years, what was sold, in one at 51e. Old., in another at 565., and in the third at 51s. 64d. During the last HI years of the eighteenth century the price of wheat fluctuated from 275. op., in 1761, to 1285., at Michaelmas, 1800. In four years, between 1751 and 1762, the price was under 30s. During seventeen years, between 1751 and 1780, the price of wheat was from 30c. to 39.., with fluctuations from 403. to 60s. p r quarter during_ the Chitty year. From 1780, the prices fir teated, suddenly, fsom 40s. 101sl. to 545. 715., 92 81e, and 965. From 1799 to 1800, from 58r. Bd. to 923. and 126..; or, calculating gold at 28'. the guinea, from about 44e. to 69e., and to 91.. 68. per quarter of the present m-n y. On Lad ) -iv, 1801, the pri.e was 1773 , which fell at Mmhaelasas to 80e, On Lady-clay, during the f,llowin g years, the prices went 58e., 60.., 59e., 88s., 80e., 88s., 745. 68., 100 s., 104.., 136 e ., 86%, 803., 72., 132 c., 104 5 ., 80 s . , 8 09., 665., 564., 60 '. , 683., 845., 80. , .; and at Michaelmas, 1826, the price fell t' 665. In each of the years 1793-4-5-6-7-8 and 1'99 to 1803, the corn and navigation laws were relaxed by Orders in Csuncil. In 1825 . the restrictions on corn im ported from the colonies were suspended. In 1826 the corn laws were suspended from 31st May to 16th Augu-t, on paying fixed duties if 12s. per quart r on wheat, Br. on peas and beans and rye, 6s. on barley; 4e. on oats, and 33. 6d. per cwt. on 11 me Farther reduc tions %ere made by Orders in Council of let Set tember, 1826. In July, 1827, and in 1847 and 1848, the corn laws and navigatioe-lams, with respect to importing grain, were suspended under certain limi'a ions. The annual average ;prices of corn during the twenty-two years-1827 to 1848 inclusive-were, per imperial quarter, 565. 80,, 60'. 5d., 665. 3d., 645. 3J., 665. 48., 58s. Bd., 525. 11d., 46'. 20., 395. 4d., 48s. 6d., 555. 108., 645. 78., 70s. Bd., 665. 41., 57e. 3d., 50s. ld., 51s. 3d,, 50s, 18., 504. 108., 545. 8d , 695. 98., and 50s. 68. In 1849 the average prices have ranged from 38s. to 465. But the averages Ilucturt al greatly during the several weeks of those years. For example, in 1829 the weekly averages flactuated from 555. 4d. to 755. 1 Isl.; in 1832, 'from 51a. 3d. to 63'. 7d.; in 1834, from 40s. 68. to 495. 6d ; in 1836, from 365. to 61s. 91; in 1838, from 525. 4d. to 78s. 4d.; in 1839, from 655. 6d. to 81s. 68.; in 1840, from 580. 101 to 725. 10d. ; in 1841, from 601. 7d. to 765. 11; in 1842, from 465. 101 to 655. 88. ; in 1843, from 455. sd. to 61s. 28.; in 1844, from 455. Id. to 565. 5d.; in 1845, from 455. to 601. ld.; in 1846, from 455. Id. to 645. 4d. ; in 1847, from 495. O. to 1028.58, ; in 1848, from 46s 103. to 563. 108.; and in 1849, from 38s. 9d. to 495. Id.; the prices at present in London bring 383. for ordinary Northumberland wheat, and ranging upwards to 465. on White Essex. At New York wheat is held firmly at 1 doll. 25e., which is equal to 41r. 4d. per quarter, and could not be sold at Liverpool with any profit at less than 505., after paying shipping charges, insurance, and commission. So much for pricer. My opinion is, that taking good and bad harvests together, in the United Kingdom, with a perfectly free trade in corn, it will be a rare occurrence for the prices of wheat to range so low as during the year 1849, and ever to he as high as during previous years of bad harvests. The low prices of 1849 have Leen caused certainly by a large importation; and although that importation has not been superabundant for the natural demand for its consumption, there are two circumstances that ought not to be overlooked. The first is, that the political state of Franco and Germany has for two years greatly diminished remunerative em ployment and trade, and the people of those countries, from want of means', were not able to pay for and con sumo so much broad as they usually did in times of tranquillity and regular employment. It therefore fol lowed, in the second place, that prices of corn were lower, andithat there was a greater surplus of corn, at a cheaper price, far the corn-dealers to export in greater than usual quantities to England. So far with respect to the prices of European corn. In regard to American wheat and flour I will say no more than that there are circumstances inseparable from the moral, social, and physical condition of the United States, which will ever prevent them exporting large quantities of eel est and flour to the United Kingdom, at any profit, except prices not less:than from 445. to 525. per Tarter can be obtained for the same in England. The circumstances I allude to chiefly are:-First, high wages cf, or high value obtained by labour, which w:11 probably be permanent among a ;nation of freemen (for the dives are not the cultivators of wheat) in regions of such vast extent that the chief cultivators are the pro prietors of their farms; and in which labourers, Irish immigrants, for some time after their arrival excepted, soon become landowners, artisans, or traders. Second, that the numbers of the producers of grain and bread stuffs, according to the several censuses of the United States, do not increase in sloe same proportion as i t e be nen-producers of food. Third, that the slaves in the 'Ur " i t n , States, whose wages, or rather the cost of purchasing or or breeding, end of maintaining them can r v4 . 11 aIinZTF, are considered love, though de facto it is not I chiefly employed in cultivating cottonoan-welitthob=i; articles which cannot ent2r into . competition n or Irish nrieulture. Fourth, a t country in the the unitedr c pulation of the towns increased so in ra o pfry n States; therefore, the whole population of the t awns-ell thoseemployed on rai l w ays, canals, and other public woric: inbiph shipbuilding; in lake, river, coastiors a nd foreign trade and nay; at'en, and in the fisheries; the sant • hs carpenters, and tier artisans in the agricul tural districts of the United States, with, also, a great portion of the slaves, are all consumers but not produce's of wheat and etaer grain.. The high wages, end ti e home demand for food, must therefore prevent very low prices in America. But, wha evir the prices may le, either in But ope or in America, the time has arrived when the fallacy and the injustice of protective duties on human food have, de facto, disappeared for ever from the British isles. Each one of all the people must hat e, henceforward, in his power, to buy at untaxed and na tural prices as much essential food as his means can pay for. Tolhis stern but just fact-to this destiny-the landlords of Great Brit ain and of Ireland must as meii tably submit, as all elements have anti must do to the eterng Wu) et uatur9. Under such a system of Colonial Government, I can discover no muse of discontent, nor any advantage which the colonies could gain by independence or annexation to other states. They might in some cases lose; for example, if Canada were annexed to the United States, the whole customs revenue of Canada would go to Washington for general purposes, whether to defray the expense ef a war against Mexico, or any other federal expense; while Canada now expends that revenue at home; in place of which, new taxes must be imposed if annexed to the great Republic. I also intended to have proved that the West Indian planters were, during high protective duties, frequently in as embarrassed circumstances as they have or can be under free trade. It is but common justice, however, to remove all restrictions, short of instituting slavery, with respect to labour for the sugar colonies. Under all the circumstances of the British empire, I am most confidently cf opinion that free trade and the abolition of the navigation-laws will prove greatly ad vantageous ti all our colonies, as well as to the general trade and naviewion of the whole empire. I could illustrate this fully. At the present time, all trade and manufactures not protected, are in a state of fair pros perity, whether it be our linen, woollen, cotton, or other leading fabric.. Ship-building has not been effected byby the abolition of the navigation-laws, the laying down of a number of fresh keels for splendi d We ships in most of the great ship-bit: r id" g e in tn and r equip. ping now all the materials for es otherwise thann ndi part u of g the wood, " ping ships, with one smal exception, e free of duty. We ought to b manufacturedto tll unrestricted competition as a r to t seamen,articles leos ftaal that whichata li r n e e T n vy ' n eoh , c l r i ee a l r n i r . are o w stl e cw ° , „ m a b t3 , l aj . d s 'Y by t b hb e ri duties,edebeen defian cer. e rf t h o v u e i r r z silks. prohibited r i c subjectedl ee f luxury, o The Spitalfilds we avers, h owever, have - h a lw a ys gildu e t xlited squalid Gloves and rea d y ma d e apparel, dreszon and slops of woven materials. &c., are also protected t l h )3 o - i e l l g u i t k ie t - e . at e T e l l; du et t r y i w m • a p s e r r e t e t a d i . n e e n d on protecting th e most m retched class e m n ad i e m - p up re a ss r i t o ie n les e , f among ut — needlctecatee. Their case is deplorable, and I feat irremediable, so long as they conti nue , by dire reces‘ity, so numerously to compete with each other fer the unit paid of all cmplo3 merits. In fact it may be said that no branches of maeufacturing industry, except ing silk and gl yes, are protected by duties. Woven cotton., woollens, linens, manufactures, leather, skins, iron, and other metal,', of woods, class, earthenware, all oils, tar, tnrpentiee, all woccls but foreign oak and fir, all hemp, flax, wool, cottor. heir, skin, and raw materials, all fish are admitted duty free. I had nisoihterided to have shown the amount and the kind of taxes which have been repealed or reduced in the twenty years, 1830 to 1849, and to have annexed some further observations to my letter of last year, ad dressed to you on the revenue and expenditure of the United Kingdom. I adhere to the opinions which I stated in that letter with regard both to taxation and expenditure. I believe the budget of the Chancellor of the Exchequer will this year exhibit considerable re ductions and savings. With regard to the army, unless we can find other means to tranquillise Ireland, so that it will maintain its own police, instead of Great Britain maintaining that police, in the foam of a large regular t