The Sun. — London, England, 1845-11-11 00:00:00

Pe °le " 1 841 ° " Trav e lli ng i n India ;" " A Night with Mt phistopheles; " "Italian Poets, No. V. (Arioto) ;" and "The Cock and A nchor —a Chronicle of Old Dublin City." --- REMEDIES FOR THE IMPENDING EVIL —IRISH COAST FISHERIES—PUBLIC WORKS. Mail, copy the follo w i ng ar ti c l e f rom th e D u bli n E ven i ng .zyuil. The allusion to the Dublin and Galway Railway is deserving of public attention : A t As We anticipated, the letter of our correspondent, " A „„ember of th e L eg i s l ature, " on the su bj ect o f t h e C oast -eish e rie s of Ireland, has attracted public attention on both toes of the Ch anne l . W e sub j oin some sensible observations Wil 'Y " A Connaughttnan," pointing to a portion of the subject 01 especially deserves the consideration of the Government 7-the construction of sufficient boat harbours. In the ab sence, of these, any other species of encouragement would obvi ously be of very limited application; and we trust the matte rter.r may be, without delay, attended to in the proper qua • A t th e present crisis, however, remedies for the impending evil, to be useful, must be capable of much more prompt and theyiY employment than any plans for the encouragement of heies could be expected to be—morearticularly in localities to which the remarks of the "Connaughtman' are Nimble. Boat harbours ought unquestionably to be con structed, and that without delay ; but this could, under no I maginabl e circumstances, be done in time t o render available 6Q rvice in the substitution of food for that destroyed by the Potato disease. To meet the emergency, other re sources must be called into operation, and that, too, 'vigour and promptit u d e . I n a private letter which received this morning from a remote western the w r it er says, " Our potatoes here are nearly 'm a inf ected with the di sease — some i n th e i nc ipi en t s t age , em farther as this and what we are to do with the people in h a such de,district as, except some extensive public work is un tahen to gi ve employment, I cannot see. Much lasting injury 183 - eis been do ne a l ready here by gratuitous relief in 1822 and 2 us again , ind no one who wishes this country well could desire to see receiviny charity." ' 1 ( e take the liberty of quoting this passage, because it puts, the smallest possible number of words, the real pinch of the ; and it also points to the appropriate remedy which a nreiful Providence has, in the course of events, brought at ;re Moment t o our hand. The wild mania of railway specula mischievous as it may appear to have been in other re pets, will bring its advantages, if properly used and directed. igive gratuitous relief now, in the districts to which our , err eePondent refers, would be an unnecessary blunder. arg e 8 _ , erns of money are now quart useless in the Bank, l eal,V to be employed in those veryrs in the construe tr•Ll °f a public work, which, while it will afford remunera tiN,e employment to the peasantry, will also lay the founds • s t l l of a permanent source of wealth, and will not cost the t he a single farthing. The work to which we allude is ti 6 0'411 Great Western Railway, with its branches to'Cas ar, Westport, and Roscommon. Every preparation has r ° ell made for the commencement of this undertaking, and a weclaisition has been forwarded to the Speaker, asking for his %Vat, to authorise the lodgement in the Court of Chancery posited by 4 0° 1 :, being ten per cent. on the capital required to be the standing orders of Parliament. Thee are other projected lines, of a bond fide character, "ea as rly 11 84 ,...far forward as the Great Western; and we trust no ate's•sary delay, or vexatious stock-jobbingopposition, may i rmitted to stand b e tween the people and the means of 8148kyte.11cei which they will so beneficially ard opportunely j i le lines f or w hi c h A cts h ave b een o bt a i ne d s h ou ld , o f th i e ir se, be brought into operation by their managers, with all babi e p tle k rgY of which they are capable. The panic will pro freBloe so far useful, as it will tend to prevent that energy b eng dissipated in wild speculations . TO TER EDITOR OF THE DUBLIN ETENINU MAIL. " Mayo, Nov. 4th, 1845. or i t i b S e . i t r . -- -1 have read with attention the letter of the Member ti 'egislature' In your paper of the 3d inst., calling the atten -4,°,1 the Government to the encouragement of the Irish coast p re : t 'e , i as the means of relief for the coast population in the h6heer?t crisis, and agree with the writer of that letter that the l " of Ireland are capable of giving employment, and of • P D l Yin N ee g food to an inconceivable extent. Providen ce has, tak e b een most liberal to us, but, Sir, are we permitted to litit a .'" v autage of His b ene fi cence ? In every part of Great feater'.4 'nap's skill and energy has been drawn forth by . the Pr ov .,, ln g aid of Government, and thus the liberality of a merciful our I.:"eaee has been taken advantage of, but not so in Ireland : (3 4 arbours are, for the most part, unimproved and unknown to lie td " ,? r eetit, and our fisheries profitless to Great Britain and Ire tea ' uecause under such circumstancev, fishermen are unable to i l Tte noble ' harvest almost within their reach. 13,4 ' 7 kat the western coast of Ireland—we know it abounds Ach ip sh-- can there be a finer fishery in the world than that oil . 10 10 4 1- lead ? And why does it lie unproductive, almost un -1141,2 The fostering hand of Government is . withh . eld—our alth ough are neglected—and not even a pier within its reach,. lie e k , e h a kind Providence has supplied a harbour close to it, ha rt , Wh ich, with a comparatively small outlay, might be made > h i tm tit* to accommodate at all times the largest vessels. Pel. the then, Sir, through the medium of your journal, to inform eo tda ember of the Legislature,' that it is not boats, canvass, e ,hatil e ge L tw ine, nets, nor yet salt, that Irish fishermen requre to 'et the- resources to profit from the liberal provision of Providence i but tire at of I r i s h fisheries be tested, as the fisheries of a nd th rf tain have been, by a due care to improve our harbour s , kloy„ tt ' the ample resources of our coast fisheries, to give om elet, zt e , 'lt and to supply food, not only for Irishmen but English lhis Will be proved to the advantage of the nation at large. 4414: tt the means—the only means—required from the Govern arkt ti ; , et the I r i s h f i s h ermen to work to find food for themselves e rn Ultitude.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, " A CONNAUGHT MAN." FIRE AT LIVERPOOL. pvey, `"a a quarter after 11 on Saturday forenoon, an alarm was 10r,",,,t a fire had broken out in the cellar of a warehouse Way to Messrs. Green and Taylor, situated about half Gibraltar -row, on the left hand side. The street Bt re " by this name I ads from that part of Great Howard teltt't contiguous e to . the New Northern Hospital fi rillee's Dock. A pile of new, substantially-built, 4 -t s t harejroof warehouses occupies the whole length of the ay +,', side of the street ; and it is said that on Satin.- I,Cue merchandise in those warehouses amounted Of tO e llt one million pounds in value. The opposite side is filled with a number of small houses ire ehou se+ in , Tat , row co rt inhbited by the lowr classes. The the s Cellar a of whih the fire e was discovered, 24 0 0 Murray's" (313), and some idea of the ex tas to the surrounding property which this fire heekll '''setY to cau se ma y b e gathered from th e fact, that 444 . doa, contained about thirty casks of turpentine, two lt B — ` 4 „ 4 . and seventy-five casks of tallow, and two hundred moral olive oil. Labourers were employed during the t he n h In removing some of the barrels of turpentine from L4t I,—,"fir, and it was supposed that the fire was cau s ed jdo°tits some carelessness on their parts in carrying lanterns ght`"? Alice, and fixing them in certain positions to afford 6 r 8 ense mass of s from was or ,t intimation the moke inhabitants the had cellar of the breakin entrance g t he fire. An alarm was instantly conveyed to the and in a very short space of time Mr. Hewitt VI Iv :: the spot with three engines and two water-carts. speedily followed by Mr. Dowling, Lieutenant tat Inspector of Salvage, and a large detach here the fire-brigade. In this case, singular to say, ,` 4 4i ns "'" a sufficient quantity of water procurable from . the 'Be,6„: 8o that the engines were got into play almost i.in 411c1:i.elY after their arrival. Lieut. Maxwell, Mr. Hewitt, 4114,Raont ten of the fire-brigade resolutely entered the 4 la ` , 414, n Order t o see i n w h a t quar t er th e fi re was ar y and to render assistance as might .be neces tit Fitt i removing some of the combustible materials T 4 4l,, t ue way In doing so they had to maku their en th .44 01 the . suffocating smoke from the oil and tur 41,e,iehaw,flich very nearly cost some . of them their lives. ku 178 not been down many minutes before officers IC 4I i' 45 ' 3 , and 380 had to be brought out, laid upon e,lairi in the street, and, after restoratives had 1/441. a(ltilinistered, sent off to the Northern Hos kiiro Lieutenant Maxwell and Mr. Hewitt sustained their I , ° le ti t y lis inside a little longer, but they, too, had eventally to the suffocating atmosphere, to breathe some fresh air, i , eL'oj e , a.,110!,r a little brandy. .They did, however, good 4,7.841 of in the cellar; they directed the hose to the ,;, tallow and turpentine which were in flames, and 441; 84Ceeeded in extinguishing the fire in the course Lld th (kr- and-a-half. The casks of oil escaped uninjured, o.h. l at ' el d ," l ge to the tallow and turpentine. though not ascertained was not extensive. The property w as . ,„ c ad all insured, belonged to different firms. 1 1 . ; re , ki l!ta c ii iv to say that Lieutenant Maxwell and Mr. Hewitt and that the officers whose numbers we have - iock s ro able Northern p btwo , th c , v ey ed t ugh they to were leave all the suffering more Hos or ital lesswhen here.—Li verpoo l` Albion. n i th i 1 ;31) - V. 13 _f.all t a son and heir apparent of the Earl and 1; ka - 1, Z-_u,' , len will take the title of Viscount Encombe. ton. us Countess had previously four or five daughters, t i hi s i) „,ulie of Wellington, who is expected to pro -14; hoidZura at Widmer Castle until the close of the week, ',,tisigi le annual Harbour Sessions at Dover, on Thurs- L'All e ',,,t's Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. . C ) ;, TZ 4 rl of Warwick, Viscount Villiers, Lord i k ,g. Z'll Guernsey, Lord John Scott, Hon. W. N. Leigh, 'l,lsti o e gate, Esq ~ M.P., have guaranteed liberal sub hili'-"o five veari for the support of Warwick races. . fi r es OP JOHN IRVINE, ESQ., I ‘' I.P.—This be d i t ) !eted gentleman died on Monday morning, at his resi t:ll4r t„_ leh nlond-terrac e , at the age of seventy-eight. Il e had ti l 4 ° rt et - ` 4 , 11 Y Years Member for Bramber, and always a consistent Ret th the Tory and West Indian interests ; but his hig h At ,!''t 'r r a acl strict integrity commanded the respect and esteem l ' 4 thi e f '" Partie. His death causes a vacancy in the repre it 4 4.1, tc 4 the county of Antrim. 4: L Wat i til ROBBERY AT THE SOUTH-WESTERN alLtisrg ,E "lns.—James Gosling, a lad of sev enteen years of iiejN4‘..l., Messrs. Prescott and Son, carriers, yard, th e k lrept o l r Y' !al charged with stealing a Dutch . cheese at the Ils d t lid sh „.. Railway terminus, on Saturday evening last. 6411 t ro Neil'. aPPeared that Roach, one of the railway offic ers, e b 4d th e „, Prisoner, and observed him take a Dutch cheese ,1 111 04 ,- aild place it in a different part of the waggon. T e / 4 ell.efte'Tg charged with the offence, admitted he had tak t e u n i li th e p i g ut a Piece off to taste, and placed it in the waggon James mes s te4 Al eof outsid e to put on to avoid detection. Mr. : 4 , 2 /1 0:t tries 'es. Who gave the prisoner an excellent character, a nd t l iirt„.. o l 4 o : l „ l3 Poted of the case by imposing a pecuniary penalty 'e °f ess 4' Paid. te,,5t 416 91* Faraday has succeeded in obtaining.ex h ''9ll • what he h as long sought for, namely, " the direct tot , ' weieetr— . ,, The details of his 1 04 thettti Icity and magnetism to light. . . a btritulltil i ! W hielt exhibit magnetisation of light, the ilium! ? Cttr,%,, l ref magnetic for g ces, and a new magnetic condition tli lid Ats b4 0 Presented to the Royal Society immediately. , . t gittd . Ni t 6, 3 , 1 ," or AMERICAN PROGRESS .—The sec nd li ab . - -, se . -- ,incinnati is still alive, and has not yet reached it i ttPt e. - ' Ind during this time the city has acquired 80,000 in. sie,,,'4 % ha.. 11 1, 4 ' tint pioneer who went to that part of Ohio, when 1,1 2,00;48 w ilderness , now walks a hale and hearty man , 4 the 4 .. i.,. ' 119 ° Of i n hab itants. — American —American Paper. lej a l nf 11‘.6. less tes of the Fife estates have laid aside a hi t^qi i 'tli - , 1 Nti 2 0,000/. to be used in surface draining ':llemtrection of, ,t , oir factors. 100 oreOnannation -of the translation of Dr. Bagot, tit t l i ke pi C/ ac t e lbc, to the See of Bath and Wells, is appointed , %,,, '''" Wednesday the 12th instant, at Bow C h u rch , N I l'l•ain 1 ) %4 1t 1D4 tent ''' ea don, of the Royal Navy, h 4; 7- N tk4 ni tti ,,,, , ttl 4 rowlock (made either of brass or iron) of isi!ctillar t 14 4 „2 1 130 xi a nd aPplicable to all vessels propelled by oats. I the n the a %crying pivot let into the gunwale, and the rise and I tti l S livi: ar 4 Perfectly simple and easy, by means of a semi. 44- Oar, 8 . ° , l which rests a brass ring that is fixed to the loom tiltnthe tr. I.eathering is not required' as there ran be no chafe, al t Z'lt is mal rattling noise that was made by pullin g with the old lk-My nad entirely obvi ated. A portion of the principle has i rit prtivirZeopted in the Navy dwe make no doubt that the We ems we h • an • f its 13PiPit k. telt the h a ve Mentioned will be the cause o it t .et i L „uuithout the service.-- United Service Gazette. tittllt B " Zne demand at the present time for ship -0 h pl at i i . „,.. 11fajesty's liberals at Portsmouth, that our &00i -s-4rd d, offering wages and a free passage to • WorlAeu.--Chester Journal. rilE SUN, LONDO,N, : TKESDA EVEN INS, NO VEMBt:R. 1845. REMARKABLE EXPOSURE OF AN ANTI-MESMERIC DOCTOR. The following castigation (revised and abridged from the Leamington Spa Courier), was recently administered by Mr. Spencer T. Hall. It was at the close of a course of lecture., befo7e a numerous and highly respectable audience, that Mr. Hall came forward and said— He held in his hand a news paper—the Warwick Advertiser of Saturday—upon a letter in which not mesmerism only, but humanity, demanded that he should now make some remarks. That letter, entitled " Mesmerism in a Dilemma," and signed " Scrutator," could not originally have been intended for the paper in which it appeared, but for the Leamington Courier, for it began as follows : " To the Editor of the Warwick Advertiser, "Sir,—l happened to be in Leamington in the early part of this year, when a person named Donovan was lecturing on Mesmerism, and also on Wednesday last, when Mr. Spencer T. Hail gave his first lecture on this subject. I was amused and gratified, in common with the visitors and inhabitants of your beautiful Spa,—(do any of you know of a Spa at War wick; asked Mr. Hall, amidst laught-r ?)—" by the straight. forward, prompt, and effective manner in which Dr. Lietch exposed the hollow pretensions of the former lecturer, and by the manner in which he followed it up, as I saw by your pa per, proving that the four Leamington boys who ex hibited the 'phenomena' on that occasion were rogues all.' I was glad to see that the aulience on Wednesday last, warned, I suppose, by their former mistake, did not attempt to hiss down the gentleman alluded to. In my own opinion, and it was the opinion of many who sat near me on Wednesday evening, Mr. Hall's exhibition was the most lame, ridiculous, and transparently artful, on the part of the boys, that could well be shown to an audience a-gape for wonders. The two young rogues should be well whipped, and taught some honest way of livelihood." • * • " Mr. Hall, though evidently wishing to shirk the subject of clair voyance, was compelled, by the questions of the querist, to assert that he believed in clairvoyance." * * * " Having got all this distinctly asseverated by the lecturer—as, indeed, with his book, and all books on the subject staring him in the face, he could not well avoid doing—Dr Lietch then very naively declared that, for Isis part, he believed in the old fashioned way, that people saw with their eyes, and with nothing else.' Then comes (said the speaker) Dr. Lietch's challenge, with further compliments to Dr. Lietch, and abuse of myself ; and the letter ends with a date from " Leamington" Now, it will be found in my book of " Mesmeric Experiences," which Dr. Lietch says be has read, that there is a history of my connection with the cases of Wm. Holbrook and Henry Wigston, the youths alluded to, one of whom is a native of Nottingham, and the other of Leicester, in which towns re spectively they are known to persons of station and in fluence, ' who can speak to their characters—characters in which I knew no blemish. I have at my command, at least four hundred cases in different parts of the country, for any . one of which I could send on an adequate occasion, but I prefer, at present, to operate upon these, because I have the most per fect faith in their integrity. ' 6 Scrutator" has ventured to assert that they are " rogues ;" and, away as they are from their parents, by whom they are entrusted with me as their temporary guardian, I have felt myself called upon to repu diate, in the most emphatic manner, such a false imputation. —(Cheers.) It was in this capacity, and from a due regard to the feelings of Henry Wigston, who is more specifically alluded to in this gross libel, and to the feelings of his parents, to whom his character and future prospects are most dear, that I called this day upon Mr. Sharpe, the publisher of the Advertiser, to demand the name of the author. Having myself been connected with the public press, for nearly sixteen years, and,having in that time been identified with the management of several leading provincial journals, I am not unaware of the liability of an editor to be imposed upon by unconscientious contributors. Although knowing that the publisher of the paper was liable to an action for libel, in consideration of what I have now stated, I felt that it would be sufficient for the present case if the name of the writer were given up to me, that I might deal with him alone. Calling upon the publisher (Mr. Sharpe), he told me that he did not know the author, and argued somewhat irra tionally in extenuation of the libel ; but referred me to the editor (Mr. Hersee), who, without hesitatior, and in the most prompt and courteous manner informed me that Dr. Lietch himself was the guarantee for its insertion—(Cheers and confusion.) As a further confirmation that it was Dr. Lietch who bad thus been complimenting and endeavouring to raise himself by abusing me and my patients, I can now repeat what I have already stated, that the day before that paper was published, Dr. L. used precisely the same lan guage to me which he there applies to the boys, against whom he cannot prove a single act of dishonesty. In whom, then, is the deception ? The boys or Dr. Lietch?—(Cheers, hisses, and signs of interruption from some individual in the back seats.) Now all that I require is, a fair hearing and clear justice. When Dr. Lietch wrote that letter, I was not there to interrupt him, nor will I now be interrupted by any man in my reply. Dr. Lietch has complimented himself on the " naive" manner in which he professes to have drawn me into certain admissions regarding clairvoyance ; and having told us that he regards clairvoyance as the key-stone to Mesmerism, and that if it fails the whole structure falls, he considers that he has completely established his point. You have most of you heard the anecdote of " the brow-beating barrister," in Fyas's " Heads of the People," who, having done all in his power to shake the testimony of a conscientious witness without success, boldly asks him if be has ever been at Birmingham? Being answered in the negative, he repeats the question with still greater pertinacity, " have you never been at Birmingham?" " No." " Then tell me, and remember you are on your oath, have you never been at Manchester?" " Yes. ' "There's a pre varicating fellow," concludes the barrister, and turning to the jury with a leer, says, " I do not think it necessary to ask such a witness as this any more questions." Just such was the course of conduct pur sued by Dr. Lietch. When I was lecturing upon a class of phenomena totally different from clairvoyance, and whilst confessing that at that time I hard no certain means of illus trating it, he "naively" drew me into the simple admission that I believed it, and then professed to have disproved ali the rest I had shown, and you, Mr. Chairman, and others had tested. As well might he have argued that because clairvoyance could not. in circumstances inimical to its de velopment be proved, that would be sufficient evidence that James Wombell's leg had not been amputated without pain. Presuming (and fairly too for the reasons I have shown), that Dr, Lietch, either wrote or dictated "Scrutator's" letter, he further compliments himself, and endeavours to depre ciate me and Mesmerism, by alluding to the "naive" manner in which he exposed Mr. Donovan and his boys. Not being acquainted with Mr. Donovan, of him in this case I can say nothing; but there are gentlemen of veracity and honour in this room, at the present moment, who have furnished me with incontrovertible documentary evidence as to the trap baited by Dr. Lietch to catch one or more of the boys ; gentlemen who will come forward and support it with their names should _ _ it be questioned. After these . boys had been mesmerised by Mr. Donovan, Dr. Lietch took a policeman.—(Cries of "No, no.") Well there was one present at Dr. Lietch's house, as if in attendance to apprehend a criminal.—(Mr. H. Young here exclaimed—" Only part of the time.") This observation was followed by mingled cheers and jeers.) Mr. Hall con tinued—Be it so—" only part of the time." That a police- man was there, with handcuffs, is established by the fact that he received a fee for his services, and was subsequently repri manded by his superior for taking any part in the transac tion.—(Cheers.) By way of invalidating mesmerism, Dr. Lietch then told one of the boys, in a stern manner, that if he did not confess that he had been tricking those_who be- lieved in mesmerism (the handcuffs having - been displayed before his eyes), he would be taken to gaol.—(Sensation.) After this confession, thus wrung from him, he received from Dr. Lietch five shillings as a reward for his delinquency.—(More sensation.) You have all heard of Jonathan Wild, the thief-trapper, who, to satisfy his own selfish ends, bribed Jack Sheppard and others into one crime, and frightened them into ancther, that he might afterwards receive the benefit of their conviction. —(Hear, hear, and hisses.) Is not Dr. Lietch, so far as science is concerned, in a position strictly analogous to this ? —(Cheers.) Have we not many instances in the history of our race, not of merely poor uneducated boys, but of great men who for years have endured the severest persecution rather than relinquish a faith upon which they believed the eternal salvation of their souls to depend, but who at last have been driven by fear of the screw, and other tortures, to confess to imaginary crimes rather than incur the pains and obloquy of further persecutions. And may it not, therefore, have followed that the boy to whom I have alluded, with the handcuffs and gaol before his eyes, and with no extraordinary degree of moral courage to sustain him, was, by the stimula tion of his fears, and the other means used on this occasion, driven into betraying his conscience, unjustly to Mesmerism, and for the gratification of its opponents ? And let me ask whether or not, if a professor of Mesmerism, had ever employed similar means to induce a boy thus to belie himself in his favour, any man wculd have been more ready to con demn, and to hold him up to shame, than Dr. Lietch ? (Cheers.) There is at the present time in Leamington a do cument, signed by the same boy, in the presence of a gentle man of the highest respectability, in which he avers that he really had been put into an abnormal condition by Mes merism by that gentleman, subsequently to the scene at Dr. Lietch's, and further that he had been inducrd to confess what he had done there, although that confession was false, by the fear of the punishment, and the hope of a promised brille from his tempter and convict or—Dr. Lietch !—(Cheers). Ndtv for myself, it is of comparatively little consequence what Dr. Lietch says of me. After all that I have done and endured, in defence of this great truth—to say nothing of the reputa tion I enjoyed as a literary man before—l may be considered as one belonging to his country and his age, and not to be judged by a single locality or the doings of a single hour. Misrepresentation has done its worst for me,—persecution has beeu carried to my fire- side, and invaded the sanctuary of my dearest affections; but whatever I may have done, — and we all do something to repent of,—although there may be errors of judgment which were life to come over again, I would carerully avoid ; I defy any one to injure my moral character, either as a private or a public man, if I can only have an impartial hearing, and both sides be fairly judged; and that hearing I can obtain, because I have not only some degree of influence with the public press, but can, if occasion require it, write my sentiments in a book, and print, and bind it with my own hands. But it is different with these boys whom I have brought before you • and considering the faith they have in me, and in immanity,—a faith that no one is justified in abusing, —considering that, from time to time, they have allowed me to pass them into conditions, for the elucidation of truth and the promotion of science, conditions in which they have no command of themselves; 1 should ill be performing my duty to them, their parents, and my own conscience, if I did not stand up and defend them with as much energy as I would defend myself from the libellous attacks of Dr. Lietch, or any other man.—(Cheers.) Two very strong motives to good conduct, especially in youth, are self-respect, and the estimation in which others hold us. Take away these, by imputing to a boy faults of which he is not guilty—perse cute him for those imaginary faults, and you will soon make his existence so degraded or so intolerable that it becomes of little consequence to him, so far as this life is concerned, whether his practices be right or wrong. Therefore, I hold it to be one of the highest crimes, first to pollute the mind of a youth by stimulating his fears, or tempting him with a bribe, and then to damn humanity in his estimation for ever, by his tempter turning round and becoming his accuser.—(Cheers), And who after all is Dr. Lietch ? (Cheers). Caviar, the great naturalist; Liebeg, the great chemist; Archbishop Whateley, a divine; Shelley, the poet; Combe, the mental philosopher; Dr. Elliotson, the physio• logist ; Dr. Dick, the astronomer, and others scarcely less eminent iu every walk of science and literature; these are virtually called dupes and impostors, by Dr. Lietch, who im putes imposture or delusion to all who believe in, or advocate, Mesmerism ;—and again I ask, who is Dr. Lietch?—(Cheers arcs laughter.) One word more for him, and I have done. Had he known me better, he had let me alone; but since we have become acquainted, this, I ctifi promise him, that should he on any occasion think fit to apply fur the sitllatien of a Felipe spy, a thiefstrapper, or a minister to some inquisition, if he will refer to me I will give him a recommendation.—(Con fusion.) Dr. Lietch has chosen to attack me through the newspapers ; let him if he will defend himself in the same way; or if he does not prefer that course, he has still the same chance that I have, that of hiring a room awj giving a lecture, in which he may, if he likes, speitti. cboldly and as honestly of me, as I have now done Iliffo For the satisfaction of this large, respectable, and attentive audienge, I have now to state that, as I have to stay in this town for a L short period, in the proeecutieu of my private duties, if a moderate number of candid and intelligent gentlemen will fOrm themselves into a Committee of Investigation, I shall be exceedingly happy to associate with them for the purpose of bringing Mesmerism to such tests as those best acquainted with its practice consider most legitimate and fair. These gentlemen shall have the choice of subjects for me to operate upon : my next lectures (to be given in November) shall be exclusively illustrated, if required, by experiments on, the parties, thus chosen, and the surplus proceeds, if the pheno mena are not perfectly satisfactory to the Committee, be de voted entirely, as those of the first lecture of this course have been, to some public charity.—(Cheers.) IRELAND. THE POTATO DISEASE.-FEVER. DUBLIN, Nov. 9.—lt has rained, with little intermission by day or night, since Thursday last, and last night very heavily. This very unfavourhble state of the weather will, we:fear, greatly extend the calamity of the potato blight. The repofts from the country, with few exceptions, are of the most afflicting kind. Those who had been, a week or two since, confidently calculating upon the preservation of two thirds of the crop, now despair of saving a third part. Already there are accounts of the appearance of pestilence in the poor and crowded suburbs of some provincial towns. In several cases landlords are acting with great cruelty in the exaction of rents ; but the far greater portion of the landed proprietors seem disposed to treat their tenantry with kind ness and forbearanee. LORD MAYOR'S DAY. THE DINNER AT GUILDHALL. The inauguration dinner of the Lord Mayor took place at seven o'clock, last evening, at Guildhall, which, as usual, was illu minated with refulgent splendour, the beautiful star of the Order of the Garter shining conspicuously forth midst the general blaze of light. From haltpast three o'clock the arrivals of various dis tinguished personages were incessant, and considerable interest was manifested as each new comer was announced and made his appearance. A flourish of trumpets ushered in the new Lord Mayor and his lady, who were greeted wtth a warm reception as they passed through the ha ) Sir James Graham soon after fol lowed, and was welcomed with cheers. The Right Hon. Baronet repeatedly acknowledged the compliment as it was repeated. The Lord Mayor took the chair at seven o'clock, and was sup • ported by the late Lord Mayor (Alderman Gibbs). Prince Hilo! of Muscat and the Right Hon. Sir James Graham sat near his Lord ship on his right, and the Lady Mayoress occupied the seat on his Lordship's left. Amongst the company present we also observed their Excellencies the Foreign Ministers, the Marquis of Salis bury, the Marquis of Westminster, the Earl of Lincoln, the Earl of Eldon, Lord W. Lennox, Viscount Sydney, Viscount Jocelyn, Lord Dudley Stuart, Lord Ernest Bruce, Lord Robert Grosvenor, Lord Montford, Lord Harris, Lord Chief-Justice Tindal, Chief Baron Pollock, Mr. Justice Pattcson, Mr. Baron Alderson, Mr. Baron Platt, Mr. Vice-Chancellor Wigram, the Attorney-General, the Solicitor-General, Admiral Sir George Cockburn, the Right Honourable Henry Pierrepont, H. T. L. Corry, Esq., M.P., W. B. Baring, Esq., M.P., the Deanof Westminster, Col. Wood (Brecon), ALP., Col. T. Wood, M.P., Hon. H. Fitzroy, M.P., Sir R. H. Inglis, M.P., Sir W. Heathcote, Bart., Sir F. B. Head, Bart., Sir Edward Antrobus, Bait, Sir John Burgoyne, Bart., Sir Hesketh Fleetwood, Bart., Sir Harry Goring, Bart., the Governor and Deputy-Governor of the Bank of England. the Chairman and Deputy-Chairman of the East India Company, Sir C. S. Hunter, Mr. Alderman Lucas, Sir J. Key, Bart., Sir Peter Laurie, Bart., Mr. Alderman Farebrother, Mr. Alderman Kelly, Mr. Al. derman Wilson, Mr. Alderman Mariner, Sir J. Pixie, &c. &c. There was more than the ordinary number of ladies present. The following is the general bill of the fare which was provided I for the occasion :- 250 tureens of real turtle, containing 5 pints each ; 200 bottles of sherbet, 6 dishes of fish, 30 entrées, 4 boiled turkeys and oysters, 60 roast pullets, 60 dishes of fowls, 46 ditto of capons, 6 ditto of Captain White's Selim's true India curries, 50 French pies, 60 pigeon pies, 53 hams ornamented, 43 tongues, 2 quarters of house lamb, 2 barons of beef, 3 rounds of beef, 2 stewed rumps of beef. 13 sirloins. rumps, and ribs of beef ; 6 dishes of asparagus, 60 ditto of mashed and other potatoes, 44 ditto of shell fish, 4 ditto of prawns, 140 jellies, 50 blacmanges, 40 dishes of tarts creamed, 40 dishes of almond pastry, 30 dishes of orange and other tondo, 20 Chantilly baskets, 60 dishes of mince pies, and 56 salads. The Removes-80 roast turkeys, 6 leverets. 80 pheasants, 24 geese, 40 dishes of partridges, 15 dishes of will fowl, 2 peafowls. Dessert-100 pineapples, from 21b. to 31b. each ; 200 dishes of hothouse grapes, 250 ice creams, 50 dishes of apples, 100 ditto of pears, 60 ornamental Savoy cakes, 75 plates of walnuts, 80 ditto of dried fruit and preserves, 50 ditto of preserved ginger, 60 ditto of rout cakes and chips, and 46 ditto of brandy cherries. At the conclusion of the dinner, the customary loving cup which the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs drink to their invited guests was an. nounced by :the renowned toastmaster Toole in a most• emphatic style, which excited general applause. Grace having been said, The LORD MAYOR rose and proposed as the first toast "the health of our noble and generous Queen, and long life to her,'' which was drunk with three times three. The Loan MAYOR next proposed "the health of the Queen Dowager," which was duly responded to. The next toast was "the Duke of Wellington and the Army," for which Sir .1. Burgoyne returned thanks. The LORD M►YOR then proposed a toast, which from some over. sight had not been given before, " the health of Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, and the other branches of the Royal Family." The toast having been duly honoured, The LORD MAYOR, next gave—" Sir G. Cockburn and the Navy." Sir G. Cocasuaw returned thanks for the honour which had been done to the profession to which he belonged. He was aware how much the country was indebted to the exertions of her sea men, and he need not say that the British navy, whenever its services might be required, would ever be found ready to perform its duty and vindicate the honour of the country.—(Cheers.) The Loan Memo* then proposed—" Prosperity to the Trade and Commerce of the City of London." His Lordship, in giving this toast, accompanied it by several observations which we regret to say did not reach us, as the voice of the speakers generally was, to a certain degree, lost in the vastness of the hall in which they spoke. The LORD ?defog next gave—" the health of the late Lord Mayor ;" for which Mr. Alderman Gums returned thanks. The LORD MAYOR then proposed " the health of Her Majesty's Ministers.'' The toast having been drunk with the usual honours, Sir J. Gaanam, in returning thanks, was with difficulty heard, but was understood to say—ln the first place, he had to express regret on the part of his Right Hon. Friend at the head of the Government for his absence on the present occasion. Nothing but severe indisposition, from which he had partially recovered, would have prevented his presence; but for his Right Hon. Friend who was absent, and for himself, and all his colleagues, he would un. dertake to state that it was to them a matter of real pleasure and satisfaction to accept the invitation of the citizens of London, on an occasion like the present. They felt, as had been truly stated by the Lord Mayor, in proposing the toast of " Prosperity to the trade of that great city," that the prosperity of the city of London was connected with the welfare of the country at large.—(Hear.) The administration of the government of such a country as this was at all times an arduous task, and from time to time occasional difficulties must arise, which no human prudence could antici pate, and no human wisdom or power could avert. His Right Hon. Friend (the Lord Mayor) had said that the present Govern. ment possessed the general confidence of the present assembly. He could not but presume that in so large a meeting there must be a great difference of opinion, but when he looked around those walls, and saw assembled within them those whom he regarded as the re presentatives of the wealth, intelligence. industry, and enterprise of this great community, he could not but think that whatever diffi culties Ministers might have to encounter, they would be sup ported as long as they had one honest purpose in view—that was, without favour or affection to devote their abilities to promote the welfare of their country.—( Hear. hear.) For himself, in the situ ation which he held, he could state that he had at all times and occasions received, without reference to party, co-operation and cordial assistance from the city authorities in upholding the peace and good order of the community, and, in conclusion, he congra. tulated the Lord Mayor upon attaining the highest point of honour which his fellow-citizens could bestow upon him, and begged to propose his health. The toast having been drunk with three times three. The Loan MAYOR teturned thanks, stating that it was his determination to perform the functions of his office in a manner which he believed would be satisfactory to his fellow-citizens. The LORD MAYOR then proposed " the health of the foreign Ministers." The Belgian Chargé d'Affaires returned thanks, and in con. elusion gave " the health of the Lady Mayoress" The LORD MAYOR returned thanks for the compliment, and immediately afterwards the Lady Mayoress and the other ladies retired. The next toasts were—the Lord Chief-Justice Tindal and the judges; the Attorney-General and the bar; the Court of Alder men ; and the Sheriffs of London and Middlesex ; which were respectively responded to, and the company separated about a quarter past 10 o'clock. REVIEW_OF THE CORN TRADE. BRITISH CORN. pf A reaction has taken place in public opinion since our last, hlaereisb3 nor a foundat ionportion the press during the past fortnight, respecting the probabi lity of an immediate Ministerial interference with the exist ing corn-laws. The effect of the reports alluded to on the trade in grain has undoubtedly been of a mischievous ten dency; the regular course of business having been disturbed thereby. All parties, whether sellers or buyers, have na turally, whilst any doubt was supposed to attach to the main tenance of the present regulations, refrained from entering into fresh engagements. tinder these circumstances the transactions of the week have been on a comparatively re stricted scale, and it is probable that, until uncertainty on this important subject be wholly removed, merchants, mil lers, and others, will continue to employ more than ordinary . caution in their operations. The fall of 2s. per quarter, whiet has taken place in the price of wheat must be mainly t'ari buted to the dept.( ssing influence of the state of don at and uncertainty above described. The auspicious weather ex perienced for the conclusion of the northern harvest may have had some effect ; but this alone would not, we think, have been sufficient to occasion a decline in the value of wheat, the quantity of that grain groan in the north being,in a national point of view, unimportant. We are, therefore, inclined to believe that the present languor will prove temporary, and see no cause to alter the opinion we have previously expressed, viz., that prices .of bread stuffs will be higher than they have yet been, either before the termination of the present or early in the ensuing year. In stating this to be our conviction, we have not the slightest desire to aid those who have for some time been labouring to produce that alarm they profess to dread. That the yield of wheat is defective, as well in quantity as in quality, admits of no doubt; but to represent the deficiency to be so great as to threaten a famine is a gross exaggeration. It is perfectly true that prices are likely to rule much higher than in any. previous season since the present corn-laws have been In force; but, indifferent as has been the harvest on the Ce; n ti_ nent, we have no doubt we shall be enabled to draw sPnicient supplies from foreign countries to make good our o . ,fi c i eney. To do this, however, the value of the articles nwst rise here so as to cause the duty to fall to a low, if *not the lowest, point. Under the existing laws it requires an average of 725. per qr. to admit wheat at Is. per qr. duty, whilst the last weekly return for the kingdom is 6th. lcl. per qr. It must be recollected, however, that a large proportion of the wheat usually thrashed soon after the completion of the harvest, consists of the most inferior qualities, and that the condition of even the worst will be improved after it shall have been subjected to the action of frost. It is, therefore, very pos sible that a rise of 6s. to Bs. per qr. on the present prices would be sufficient to lower the duty, without any interfer ence of the Legislature, to a point to encourage importations. That such will take place we fully expect; but this does not necessarily imply that misery and want are to be the portion of the poorer classes of the community. We need not look back many years for a period when wheat was much higher than it would be were the anticipated rise on present rates realised; at the same time there was a great want of employ ment for our artizans and labourers; but even then, though the pressure was severe, things were not nearly so bad as the alarmists prognosticate will be the state of affairs during the coming winter. The flourishing state of trade in the manu facturing districts, and the increased employment created by the formation of the numerous railways, afford a guarantee against the distress predicted ; and as far as regards England and Scotland, we see no grounds for gloomy forebodings. As respects Ireland, we must admit we entertain serious _ _ doubts. '►'he potato failure appears to be more t. eneral there than on this side of the channel, and though the grain crops have as a whole probably turned out better in the sister isle than with us, the people are, unfortunately, too poor to obtain even oatmeal as a substitute for their staple article of food ; and without assistance in one way or the other from England, much misery must result. Government have for some time been alive to thiq state of things, and should the potato crop really prove so bad as represented, the Legislature must in terfere. The arrivals of wheat coastwise into London -have been fair, the quantity reported up to this (Saturday) evening amounting to 8,995 quarters. A considerable proportion of the preceding week's supply having, however, remained un sold, as well as the major part of Monday's show by land carriage, from Essex, Kent, and Suffolk, the stands have been well filled. The millers have throughout the week acted with the utmost caution, being anxious to have all doubts re moved regarding the Ministerial intentions relative to the talked-of Order in Council to admit grain free, before they replenish their stocks. On Wednesday scarcely a transac tion took place; indeed, so unimportant were the sales, that quotations were perfectly nominal. On Friday affairs under went a slight improvement, and at a trifle below Monday's currency the greater part of what had previously remained unsold was cleared off. Holders of free foreign wheat have firmly refused to sta.. mit to lower terms, and where it has been necessary to buy old for mixing, purchasers have had to pay previous prices. The advance established on bonded wheat about the close of the preceding week has been maintained, but the high rates demanded have checked speculation, and comparatively few contracts have been closed, either as regards parcels on the spot, or cargoes to arrive. The averages rise so tardily, in consequence of the very inferior quality of much of the new wheat, that it has become questionable whether the duty will, for the present, fall below 13s. per qr., unless circumstances should occur to give a fresh impetus to prices. The last weekly return for the kingdom is 60s. ld. per qr., though moderately good qualities have for some time been worth at least 70s. per qr. at the principal consuming markets. It is not at all probable that holders of wheat in bond here will enter for consumption unless the duty falls considerably lower than it appears at present likely to do, the chances being greatly in favour of hi g h er p r i ces in the spring. _ _ . The sale of town-made flour has not been lively since our last, but the previous value of the article has been steadily supported. Ship flour has been more pressingly offered, and in some caseallorfolk household and similar marks have been sold at prices which would not have been accepted the pre ceding week. Canada flour has also moved off somewhat tardily at late rates ; nor has there been much doing in United States and other sorts under lock. Though the arrivals of barley have not been by any means large, this grain has been rather diffi cu lt o f di sposa l ; it has, therefore. been impossible to recover the decline of Monday; indeed, for all but choice qualities, the rates then current have been paid with considerable reluctance, and present appearances indicate a further abatement. The inquiry for malt has been of a retail character; but the quantity of superior quality on the market being small, the best sorts have brought quite as much money. With slightly increased supplies of oats (25,256 quarters having come to hand, including foreign, within the past eight days) the upward movement in price has been checked. It being the general opinion that rather a large supply must be on passage from Ireland, which the pre vailing westerly wind may be expected to bring to hand, the principal dealers have refused to purchase, and thoti 4 . prices at least Is. per quarter below those at ', v ial; sales were made on Monday would kar , been ac cepted on Friday, factors were unable to 7. - dae sales of any 'ile hands of th e l arge have t n u c ; e l wants bi‘efe will - s oon o bli ge them to purchase more e n r anzh u i c l e e d ntothiestoyks 1" a very narrow comp a s s , an d a e ditmh x eea t pi e lore n rrts : a i c vely ; it may therefore be questioned whether the value of this grain will give way much more. The duty fell ss. per qr. on Thursday, and will be down another step next Week; this being, however, anticipated, it has not had much influence on prices of bonded oats. Archangels have been freely offered at 265., and other sorts at corresponding rates. There was not much passing in beans either on Wednesday or Friday, but former terms were well maintained. Peas of all kinds were scarce, and brought high prices. The duty on beans has for some time past been at Is. per qr., and that on peas al so d ec li ne d to the minimum point on Thursday last. FOREIGN CORN. The accounts from the Baltic are of much the same cha racter this as the preceding week. Prices of wheat have risen so rapidly there that few of the orders from hence to purchase wheat have been executed, higher rates having been paid by speculators than the limits of the British orders have admitted. Letters from Dantzic, of the Ist instant, state that about 16,000 quarters of wheat had changed hands during the week almost entirely on speculation: There was not much being shipped to England ; but vesels being very scarce, high freights had been paid for the few ships engaged to load wheat; ss. 6d. to 6s. had been paid for London, ss. 3d. to ss. 9d. for the East Coast, and 6s. to is. per quarter for Liver pool. At Hamburg, on Tuesday last, there was not much doing, the very high prices asked for wheat having checked the dis position to buy. From the south and east the reports also represent the value of wheat as ris►ng rapidly, and a letter from Mar seilles states that it was the belief there that the exporta tion of grain would be prohibited in the Ottoman empire; and a similar step would, it was thought, be adopted by the Neapolitan Government. In consequence of these ru ►uours, and the lively advices from Great Britain, a good deal of speculation had taken place in wheat at high prices, say 50s. to 525. for tine Polish Odessa and Marianople, and from 455. to 48s. per quarter for secondary qualities. From Leghorn we learn, under date of 31st October, that a brisk inquiry had been experienced there for wheat for export, and that equal to 495. 6d. had been paid for Polish Odessa. At Trieste, on the 30th ult., the greatest excitement pre vailed, and rather large sales appear to have been made there at prices varying from 365. 9d. to 40s. per quarter free on board, according to quality. At Odessa, according to the most recent accounts, prices of wheat were also moving up, as much as 319. per quarter, having been paid there for the best Polish.—Mark-lane Express. MILEAGE or A MAN.— The number of square inches of surface in a man of ordinary height and bulk is 2,500; the number of pores, therefore, 7,000,000 ; and the number of inches of perspiratory tubes is 1,750,000; that is, 145,833 feet, or 46,600 yards, or nearly twenty-eight miles.—lVjlson. DEATH 01' THE REV. DR. SMART.—This esteemed minister died on Tuesday last, In the house of his son, Campbell Smart, Esq., Elm.row, Edinburgh. He was the senior minister of the first United Secession Church, Stirling, in which he laboured for the long period of 57 years, and was only the fourth minister who has presided over this congregation since the famous disrup lien in 1732, when the Rev. Ebenezer Erskine left the Established Church with his congregation. Dr. Smart was, we believe, in the 84th year of his age.—Scotsman. ROCHESTER.—The staunch: Conservatives of this ancient city dined together last evening at the Crown Inn, to cele brate the election of Robert Clements, Esq., to the civic chair, which he so ably filled to the satisfaction of his fellow-citizens a few years since. Ills known integrity and kindness of manners, accompanied by an indefatigable disposition to uphold and secure the rights of his fellow• citizens, shows the esteem he must be held in by their again placing him at the head of their corporation. The dinner and wines were of first-rate character, the whole well served under the superintendence of Mr. Calder. ROBBING A UNION WORKHOUSE.—On Monday man named George Green, was finally examined before the Bench of Magistrates, at Brentford, on a charge of having stolen a dial clock from the board-room of the Staines union workhouse. It appeared from the evidence, that sometime between Monday, the 3d instant, and Wednesday, the sth, the eight-day dial clock was found to have been stolen from its place in the board-room of the Staines union workhouse, between I3edfont and Staines, all entry having been effected by the thief breaking a square of glass in the window of the ante.room leading to the board-room. Immediate information of the robbery was forwarded to the police, but no trace of the thief was obtained until about noon on Friday last, when the prisoner entered the shop of Mr. Upjohn, clock and watch-maker, New Brentford. and offered an eight-day dial, with_ out a face, for sale. The prisoner was fully committed to New gate for trial. FAILURE OF TILE NEGOTIATIONS FOR AMALGAm A . noN.—The long pending treaty for an amalgamation of the Leeds and Dewsbury, the Leeds and Thirik, and the Hud dersfield and Manchester Railways, although at one time promising so favourable a result, and which would have been beneficial to the West Riding of the county of York, from the combination of the interests of these important lines of communication, and their contemplated branches, have entirely failed, at least for the present, —we wish we could add, with a reasonable hope of their renewal at some future tittle,—Leeds Mercury. SPIRIT of . the FROM THE.. - •LOP:vb , !TL: 3 Lrc JOURNALS. G PA PERS OF THIS DAY. . CHRONICLE.- —lt of no use any longer trying to hope where there is no hope. it would now be sheer trifling to affect to con. real from ourselves the trip ;h, that " nothing will be done." The law of artificial fronine is to take its course. The slidirg.scale has three months given to do it, worst. Three months--three winter months—of British scarcity 1 and Irish famine, before the Govern ment will lift a little 6,- ger for prevention or relief All the Ca billet Councils of lb, past to, n days, with their adjournments and re -adjournments., P' Ave come tt' nothing; and Cabinet Mi n i sters are out of town zo 'enjoy the rustic °Hum cum dignitate which has so disagreeably disturbed. The exi genc i es of a crisis the m' _n alarming that has occurred for a quarter of a cen tury, art gravely ignored, sn'ter protracted d e lib eration, by the Is n un makes-believe to govern the empire. The country '-utraed adrift, and left to the tender mercies of potato-plague and. averars. The amazei nent with which one contem. plaftes the reckless and d. wing hardihood of this deci. sie.rs of Sir Robht Peel's, rejects, as totally inadequate, 'all the ordinary language of n sere political censure. Indignation iss, for the moment, lost in astonishment. We did not believe that the man lived, out of Bedlam,, who would dare to assume tie re. sponsibility of three winter months of famine prices and prohibi tory duties. Least of all co Jld we have imagined that Sir Robert Peel--a statesman so nerve usly irritable at the bare mention of " responsibility," and so '.horoughly well cognisant of the nature and power of those terrible. realities with which his legislation has brought us face to face—'could be the man to charge Isimseif with this burden, That " Sir Robert Peel has a heart, after all," we did not take it on ourselves to affirm very positively ; but we ccr. taint) , 'never supposed him to have those nerves of iron which he wilt need between now and next February. We knew, of course, that he would have some trouble with certain of his colleagues; but the well understood relative posi tion of Premier and colleagues in the Peel Cabinet left little to be apprehended on this score. We had always considered that the egotism se conspicuous in the Pre mier's Parliamentary oratory was something more than a mere piece of rhetorical bad taste —that it accurately indicated a real domination of his mind and will over the second and third.rate men with whom he has surrounded himself; and we made no doubt of its being asserted to good purpose in a crisis so momentous. Little as we were justified by experience in looking for a simple, straightforward, and timely act of statesmanship from Sir Robert Peel, we did not think it necessary, in this instance, to make ex perience the rule and measure of expectation. Exigencies so novel and alarming would, we believed, suggest and enforce new counsels. Necessity has no law ; and this seemed a necessity strong enough to overpower even the law of habit and character, and to extort wise and decided measures from a Minister who never, in all his life before, did the right thing at the right time. That Sir Robert Peel would venture to disappoint a national presentiment so strong and general as that which has pervaded this country during the past fortnight, and which reiterated and protracted Cabinet meetings had raised into a sort of certainty, we freely took for granted to be morally and politically impossible. This strenuous inaction of the Govern ment is the more amazing, when it is remembered that not only has nothing happened, since the first summons of a Cabinet Council, tending to abate public and Ministerial anxieties, Ina everything has contributed to their confirmation and incry.se. The accounts from Ireland, with some few partial discrepancies, have, in the main, been more and more gloomy and ominous. The last intelligence is ever the worst. The " enemy whose history and habits are yet but imperfectly known" —and to 'whose ma'ig. slant sway Sir Robert Peel has now made over that miserable coun try—has continued and extended its devastations. Every day cuts off many days' food from four millions of the Irish people—accelerates, by many slays, the arrival of the last horrible reality. And yet, knowing this—knowing this officially—the Prime Minister of the empire, instead of instantly sweeping away his silding.scale and his shillings, and raising the siege of the averages, insults the world with the promise (if we are to believe the announcement, "by authority," of the Dublin Evening Mail) of "a commission of Intelligent and experienced officers to Consider the measures which it may be proper to take with a view to provide," &e. " Experienced " in what, we should like to know, are these officers to be ? In checking potato rot, or in making the rotten potatoes sound again ? "The selection of persons," we are coolly told, "has occasioned some delay ;" the writer does not sate that the potato rot is delayed in the meanwhile. But " the arrangements are now nearly completed, and it is hoped that in a few days the corn missioners will be able to commence the arduous and responsible duties" of improving the fastenings of the stable-door after the steed is stolen. Meanwhile the same calamity is making fearfully rapid strides in certain districts of this country. We shall pre sently have a little Ireland of our own in our southern counties, Our readers will have already appreciated the signifi cance of the dismal fact, that the " enemy whose history and habits are yet but imperfectly known," is committing the most deplorable ravages in the agricultural districts cif the south of England. Already the mischief done is enormous. It is now for the people of Great Britain, from one end of the country to the other, to protest, in a tone which no Minister can dare pretend not to hear, against the insane and criminal obduracy of maintaining the prohibitory duties in the very face of famine. The protest must be prompt, loud, unceasing, and unsparing. We warn the country—though the warn!ng is now superfluous--that it will take a most determined effort to bring to his duty the Minister who shamelessly abdicates the functions of Government, after having distinctly acknowledged the urgency of the crisis call ing for their exercise, and who manifests a hardened indifference to the reality of that " responsibility," the merest allusion to which he affects to resent as an outrage. TIMES.—We have recently had occasion to remark, that the annual supply of food in the world is so determined by the laws of Providence, of nature, and of trade, that we are always dependent ou the products of the current year, and that a slight defalcation in the harvests, or the failure of any one species of food, immediately indicts considerable and inevitable privations on a large portion of mankind. The scarcity which at the present time threatens Europe is not, perhaps, of so frightful a character as the famine sometimes occasioned by the total failure of crops in particular districts, but the evil is general and almost universal in extent, and no country can expect to derive much assistance from any of its European neighbours. To establish this fact, we have endeavoured to ascer tain from our own correspondents, and from other sources on which implicit reliance may be placed, what are the real prospects of the supply of corn in different countries; and we shall leave our readers to draw the obvious inferences which are suggested by the following statements. The principal countries of the 'wer i c and south of Europe are at no time expot tete of wheat. In France the export and import of core Ss about equally balanced In ordinary years; but wheat is nea the cus. tomary food of the French people, and the demand for i t an d for th e lower kinds of grain must be increased bey o E o . the average, if not beyond the supply, by the failure of the Witte crop this year. The harvest in France is, probably. not mor"• below the average, but it Is iniufficient to compensate for tfre destruction of other food. In Spain and in Italy the harvest tias been indifferent, and very little, if any, corn can be expnefr..*. from either country. The progress of population In the *Am peninsula for the last century has been far more rapid War. the extension of tillage or the improvement of agriculture, * The consequence is that Spain has comparatively l ittle agricultural produce to export; and her own colonies of Cub a s aid Porto Rico now draw their supplies of food from the 1/.. ..ited States. Throughout the Austrian dominions, with the exception of Hungary, great privations will inevitably be felt. The large stock of corn usually warehoused at Trieste for the pur poses of foreign trade has never been known to be so much reduced as at the present moment. From Fiume we have received no recent accounts, but that place is the sole port of Hungary to the west ; much of the corn grown upon the plains of the Danube is brought thither up the Save; and it is not unlikely that a supply might be obtained from thence by foreign vessels, if measures have not already been taken by the Austrian Government to appropriate it to the uses of the empire. But although the harvest of Hungary is abundant, the surplus of that country will certainly not suffice to satisfy the wants of all its neighbours. In the lower provinces of the Danube and in Moldavia the scarcity is already great, espe cially in these districts which are within reach of water commu nication ; higher up the country the crops are reported to have been better, but the means of transport are wanting. The pro vinces of Russia and Poland, which are usually the most fertile wheat lands of Europe, are this year dependent on foreign importation; and as a necessary consequence, the Prussian ports of the Baltic, which commonly export the produce of the interior of Poland, of Western Russia, and in part of Sile sia, will be unable to furniish any considerable amount of corn to the foreign market. Sweden and Norway do not once in five years grow their whole consumption ; but it is a curious circumstance, that in the midst of this sweeping calamity, which has impoverished empires, and threatens to spread famine ever so many parts of Eu rope, the little kindgom of Denmark has been blessed with a har vest of singular abundance, and may export a quantity of corn, large in proportion to its territory,though very small as a measure of relief to the necessities of other countries. We turn then with the deepest interest from this dreary picture of European agriculture to the boundless lands of America, and especially to the corn• growers of the United States. There at least it is admitted that the has vest has been excellent, and the crop of Indian corn especially abundant, The potato disease has, we fear, shown itself in New England and some of the northern States, as well as in some o f the British North American colonies; but the consequences of this disaster are less formidable in America than in Europe. Let us, then, inquire what are, in a good year, the re. sources of the United State for the supply of food ? The answer to such an inquiry is a matter of great interest, not only as it affecti our present necessities, but with reference to the whole questiou of the corn duties; and we have no hesitation in repljiog, upon the authority of tables and statements of great minuteness and accu racy which are now before us, that the agricultural produce of the United States available for the purposes of food in foreign markets has been greatly exaggerated by the hopes and fears of contending p irties in this country. It is demonstrable that in the United States, as well as in most other countries, the consumers of agricul. tural produce increase more rapidly in numbers than the producers; and that the progress of the production of wheat has not been mere rapid than that of the population. In 1790 the population of the. Union was 3,929,328, the estimated produce of an average crop of the wheat lands was 17 millions of bushels of 01b., and the quantity of wheat exported was 4,730,000 bushels, or 28 per cent. of the whole wheat crop. In 1640 (a year in which the export was unusually large) the population of the Union had risen to 17,068,666 ; the estimated produce of the wheat crop was 80,000,000 bushels; the export was 11,300,000 bushels, or 14 per cent. of the whole wheat crop. The states of New England, Maryland, and Virginia no longer produce wheat enough for their own consumption ; and we are told by an able writer in the Phila delphia Commercial List for 1842, that— " If we make a natural line of the Mississippi to the confluence of the Ohio, and up this river to Pittsburg, and thence draw an imaginary line north to Lake Eric, and continue it round the northern and eastern frontiers of the United States, it will be found that at this time the wheat raised in all this section of the United States is about equal to what is consumed in it, and that the whole surplus shipped from the United States to foreign countries, including Canada, is, in act, produced in the states and territories north and west of the Ohio river." By calculations based upon the official returns made by the Mar. shals in the United St a t es i n 1 840, an d ta ki ng into c on the constant progress o f th e popu l at i on, it a ppears t hat a thetderation utmost amount of wheat and wheaten flour which may by possibili ty be exported from the United States from the prese nt time to 185 0, with average harvests, will not exceed twelve millions of bushels per annum.* The whole wheat produce of the country is con siderably below 100 millions of bushels. The greatest quantity ever exported was in le4o, when it reached 1,720,860 bushels of wheat, and 1,897,501 barrels of flour; but in 1837, when the preceding harvest had been below the average, no less than 3,921,259.bu5he1s were imported into the Union from foreign countries. If this be the whole available produce of the United States, it is evident that the proportion of it which will reach the English market is still snore limited. The largest quantity ever exported to England direct was 6 15,07'2 bushels of wheat and 620,919 barrels of flour in the year 1840; but the effect of the Corn-laws has of course been to render this trade excessively variable ; though for the last five years another branch of the same trade, by the export to the British North American colonies, has been regular and considerable. But it :must be borne in mind, that under any circumstances almost all the West Indian islands draw a large portion of their supply of wheat, as well as of Indian corn, from the United States. Our own islands take about 250,000 barrels of wheaten flour per annum ; the Danish, 50,000 ; Hayti, 40,000 ; and Brasil more than 2 00,000 barrels; and this is independent of a consumption of about 364,000 barrels of Indian coin meal in the West Indies alone. It is tipe that we have here confined our observations to the American wheat crops, and that in computing the supply of food in the United States, the enormous production of Indian cern is the most important element, and constitutes the bulk of the food of the people. But to the people of England in ordinary years the supply of wheat Is the principal question. Indian corn is little known In this country; and it never will be known, except under a very extraordinary degree of pressure, as long as it is subjected to the same duties which are levied on foreign barley. and is therefore, for all practical purposes, a prohibited article. Or 1,500,000 quarters. It may be convenient to remind the reader that the American barrel of flour contains 196 lb.. and is tztlien by act of l'arllanavut to be equal to 3t3 gallon of wheat. RAILWAY SD ARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, Nov. 10. STOCK EXCHANOE.—The sales are—Chester and Bir kenhead, 20/. Shares, 9 —Eastern Ccuuties, In/I—Liverpool and Manchester, 401. Shares, 52 —Liverpool, and Binning hair, 2 l4—Ditto, Thirds, 42, 4—Ditto, ifths, 22%—Man chester and Birmingham, Quarter •Shares, 13 3 4- - Midland, 133—Ditto, 40/. Shares, 20 —Runcorn Gap, 34—Sheffield and Manchester (Quarter Shares), No. 3, 54—South-Eastern and Dover, 35—North Wales Mineral, Halves, 434—Aber dun, 776—801t0n, Wigan, and Liverpool, 26—Caledonian, 936—Great Grimsby and Sheffield, 14 —Huddersfield Canal and Railway, 9—Huddersfield and Sheffield, 15141—Leeds and Thirsk, - 7% —Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton, I6 l 4—Scottish Central, 16 1 4—London awl York, 414—Cam bridge and Lincoln, 4—Ditto, Extension, 3 %—Glasgow and Dumfries, 2 1 . —Liverpool Ormskirk, and Preston , . 4—Birken head, Lancashire, and Cheshire Junction, 7%—British anti Irish Union, 4—Caledonian Extension, 3—Leicester and Bedford, 2—Manchester, Midland, and Great G r i ms b y, 2 North Staffordshire, 516—Nottingham and Grantham, 4 5 ,6 Oxfo. d and Birmingham, 3 .*—Shrewsbury, Wolverhatnp ton and South Stafford, 33/ 6 —South Midland, 5N —Dutch Rhenish, MANCHESTER, Nov. 10. STOCK EXCILINGE.--l'he sales are—Boston, Newark, and Sheffield, 31 / 2 —Dudley, Iron Bridge, and Sheffield, 2 3 4 — Edinburgh and Perth, 4:. "4.—Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding Junction, 2 1 1—Grand Union, 1 In-16—Huddersfield. Halifax, and Bradford, B y. , —Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal, 8 1 / 2 C. n.—Leeds and Thirsk, 13— Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junction, 34—Liver p'iol, Ormskirk, and Preston,:37 —London and Manchester (Rem.). 3—London and York, 4 4-3lanchester and Bir mingham, New, 12 1 / 2 c. n.— Manchester andiLeeds, 130—Man chester and Southampton, 31 4—Manchester, IVigan, and Southampton, 2—North British, Carlisle Branch, 4—North Staffordshire, s ;,f—Oxford, Whitey, and Cheltenham, 1% — Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton, 17—Shropshire Mineral, 2 1 4—Trent Valley Midlands, 2%—Worces:er, Shrewsbury, and Crewe Union 1%. EXETER, Nov. 10. &vox Exmarros:..—Tha sales are—Exeter, Yeovil, and Dorchester, 1 4 p.—Exeter and Crediton, s—North D evon , p.— Exeter, T o p s h am. and Exmouth (Brunch's line), :14 p. —Cornwall, 5 1 4—Eastern Counties, 21. BRISTOL, Nov. 10. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The sales are—Bristol and Exeter, 80 —Ditto. New, 7 4—Birmingham and Gloucester, 124—Bris tol and South Wales Function, 2%—Great Western, Quar ter Shares, 17—Portbury Pier and Railway, 2%—South Wales, 434. : - • SHEFFIELD, Nov. 10. STOCK E-XCHANGh.—The sales are—Birmingham and Gloucester,l23 3 4—Sheflield and Lincolnshire, 3 1 / 2 —Wakefield and Harrogate, V. 3s. 61. LEEDS, Nov. 10. STOCK EXCHANGE. —The sales are—Great Grimsby and Sheffield, 12 1 / 2 —Huddersfield and Sheffield, 16 1 4—Leeds and Bradford Extension, 38 1 ;,—Leeds and Dewsbury, 20 c. n.— Leeds and Thirek, 12,1—Newcastle and Berwick, 13 1 ,4 — Wakefield, Pontefract, and Goole, 47—London and York, 4),i —Clitheroe Junction, 3 5 / B —G ran d U n i on , s s. p. —L ancssh i re, Yorkshire, and North-Eastern, 2s. 6d. p.— Leeds and Liver pool Direct, 2s. 6d, dis.—Leeds and Yolk, par—Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 21. Gs. p.—Manchester and Southampton, 3—North Staffordshire, 4 —North Western, 3N—Nottingliam and Boston, 12s. 6d. p.—Nottingham, Erewash, and:Ambergate, 3—South Midlands, 31. 6s. p.— Wakefield and Bradford, ss. p.—Wakefield and llarrogate, 20.5. p..—Welsh Midlands, 2142. HULL, Nov. 10. STOCK EXCUANGE.-T he saes are—llull and Selby 00 per cent. guaranteed), Half Shares, 1 8 —Coventry, Nun eaton, &c., 13:i—Derby and Gainsborough, 1 4—Grand Union, IN—London and Manchester (Rem.), 3—Notting ham and Boston, 2%—South Midland, 4/. 17s. YORK, Nov. 10. &mac EXCIIANGE.—The sales are—York and North Midland Extension, 26%—London awl York, 4%—New castle and Berwick, 13 1 4—North British, New Carlisle Branch, VA—Coventry, Nuneaton, Birmingham, and Lei cester, I,'B—Grand Union, 1/. 193.—Leeds and York, par— Leicester and Bedford, 1/. 18s. 9d.—Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle Junction, 4 1 ,4—Welsh Midland, 3. IRISH HIGH SHERIFFS FOR 1845. The following are the names of gentlemen returned by the Judges of Assize to serve the office of High Sheriff fur the ensuing yew' : ANTRIM.—James Leslie, Esq., Thomas Morris Jones, Esq., John Thompson, AnmAGll.—Arthur Cope, Esq., Maxwell Cross, Esq, Ed • ward Bond, Esq. CAmow.—Robert Newton, Esq., Samuel Elliott, Esq., Hugh Falkiner, Es 9. CARRICK FERG us rowx.—John Legg, Esq., Hill Watson, Esq., Valentine Wm. M'Gill, Esq.' CAVAN.—The Earl of Bective,lichard Fox, Esq., Henry Theophilia Clements, Etq. Cr.-tit:T.—Edward Fitzgerald, Esq., Michael Finucane Esq., Colonel Charles Synge. CORK.—James H. Standish Barry, Esc', Edward Deane Freeman, Esq., the Hon. W. White fledges. Corms Coppin ger, Esq., Horatio Town send, Esq., David Leahy Arthur, Esq. DONEGAL.—George Young, Esq., William Fenwick, Esq., Thomas Conolly, Esq.. Dows.—Aubre William Beauclerk, Esq., Robert Batt, Esq., Richard B. Blackiston B ouston, Esq. DROGHEDA TOWN.---JRIIIC3 Gernon, Esq., St. George Smyth, Esq., Thomas Carty, Esq. DUBLIN. —The Hon. Edward Lawless, Thomas Thompson, Esq., Robert Sho.'or, jun., Esq. DUBLIN CrlT.—Alexander Boyle, Esq., Henry Sneyd French, Ev,(l., William Digges La Touche, Esq. FultruNAGlt.—J. J. N. Blake, Esq., John Madden, Esq., lievdry D'Arcy,Esq. GAIwAY.--hrislopher St. George, Esq., Sir James Fitz • gerald Ross Mahon, Bart., Michael Joseph Browne, Esq. GALWAY Tows.—Lachlan M'Lachlan, Esq., Michael, P. Browne, Esq., Thomas A. Joyce, Esq. KERRY.—Wilson Gun, Esq., William Talbot Crosbie, Esq., Daniel Cronin, jun., Esq. KILDA RE.—Wiflinm Palmer, Esq., Nathaniel Barton, Esq., George Mansfield, Esq. KILKENNY.—Lord Walter Butler, George Bryan, Esq., William Lloyd Flood, Esq. KILKENNY CITY.--Michael Cahill, Esq., William Grace, Esq., William Oliver Wheeler, Esq. KING'S COUNTY.—henry P. L'Latrange, Esq., Guy Atkin son, Esq., Charles Barry Baldwin, E. 9. LEITRIM —Robert La Touche, Esq., Guy Lloyd, Esq., Loftus A. Tottenham, Esq. LimEmcii.—William H. Barrington, Esq., Edward Croker, Esq., John F. Fitzgerald, Esq. LIMERICK ClTY.—Michael Gavin, Esq., William Roche, Esq., William Howley, Esq. LONDONDERRY CouNYY Asp CITY.—John Barre Beresford, Esq„ Leslie Alexander, Esq., Richard Hunter, Esq. LONGFORD.—WiIIiam Ledwith, Esq., George Machoncbv, Esq., John Cooke, Esq. LUTH. —Lewis Upton, Esq., George M'Cartney, Esq., Thomas Fitzgerald, Es q. MAYO.— Thomas S. Carter, Esq., Charles Lionel Kirwan, Esq., Patrick Crean Lynch, Esq. MEATY.—James Waller, Esq., Henry Coddingten, Eaq., Anthony Strong Hussey, Esq. MONAGHAN. —Thomas Oriel Forster, Esq., William Wood right, Esq., John Richardson, Esq. QUEENS COUNTY.—Chidley Coote, Esq., Charles H. Bowen, Esq., John H. Lecky, Esq. Roscommox.—Edward King Tennison, Esq., John Fitz gerald Grace, Esq., Sir Gilbert King. SuGo.—Edward Joshua Cooper, Esq., John Wingfield King, Esq., Alexander Crichton, Esq. TIPPERARY.—ThC Viscount Suirdale, Lieutenant-Colonel Purefoy, John Trant, Esq. TYRONE.—Frareis Gervais, Esq., Richard Lloyd, Esq., Robert William Lowry, Esq. WATERFORD.—Sir tobert J. Paul, Bart., Richard Mug* grave, Esq., Simon Bagge, Esq. WATERFORD ClTY.—Thomas Sheppard, Eaq., William Christmas, Esq., William Sewell Doyle, Esq. WESTMEATIL—Sir Francis Hopkins, Bart., Sir George F. Hudson, Bart., William Henry Megan, Esq. lirEirottp.—Henry Alcock, Esq., Edward Westby Nunn, Esq. , John Rowe, Esq. WICKLOW.—Robert Gun Cunningham, Esq., Charles Tottenham, Esq., Peter La Touche, Esq. NURSERY RHYMES. Some of our classical readers will be pleased with the fol lowing translations from old nursery rhymes. They come neither from Eton nor Harrow, but from the plebeian dis trict of Bermondsey, and do credit to the locality. The translation, of course, is not very literal, but it conveys the meaning, and the metre of the three different kinds of verse is correct : Old Mother Hubbard went to her cupboard, To get her poor dog a bone, When she got there the cupboard was bare, And so the poor dog had none. Mater erat longceva ; canem pascebat amatum— Ossa peteus ibat solitum viplorare canlstrum. Hens esefe sed enim, nil inveniebat edendum, Jejunusque canis, sic, pabula nulls videbat. See-saw, Margery I/Iw, Jackey shall have a new master; He shall have only a penny a day, Because he can work no faster. Motibus hand properis Margrita monedula ludat, Namque novo domino possit servire Johannes. Assem mercedem capiat pretiumque laboris, Lentus enim peer est—slut prsemia debita cuique. Old Father Long-legs would not say his prayers, Take him by the left leg, and throw him down stairs. Cruribus immensis genitor vivebat hebescens; Nolebat pravus dicere mane preces. llunc malum oportebat raptatum crure sinistro Pessutn jactari, frangere membra solo. Taffy was a Welshman, Taffy was a thief— , Taffy came to my house and stole a piece of beef. I went to Taffy's house, and Taffy wasn't at home— Taffy came to my house and stole some marrow-bones. _Magnus erat latro ; gaudebat quserere priedam. Notus erat multi; Cambrius ille fait. Ille milli partem bovis abripiebat, iniquus. Ipse suam qucero, deserit ille, domum. Improbus at cupieus nostros renovare dolores, Ossa medullarum subtrahit atque fugit. Girls and boys come out to play, The moon Cloth shine as bright as day ; Come with a whistle or come with a call, Come with a good- will or come not at all. Virgines pulchrce, pueri decori Tempus est ludis, redeunte lace Luna nunc orbem radiis gubernat, Gaudia prcebens. Fistulis claris, sonitu canoro Cordibus lcetis veniatis usque ! Ad jocos dulces adeatis I Ecce Cuncta relucent. G. J. THE WEATHER AND CROPS IN SCOTLAND.-TWO or three days of dry weather of last week, accompanied by a gale of wind, quickly dried tire sheaves, and created a great accession to the bulk of the stackyard. Nea r ly the w h o l e m cu e mltances were not such to have the r o a f h t i h l a vi t ti p l a w rt hi o c f h th il e ic e s r h op eav w e lii s c l h ver r e eq s ti ,imrkeedd o t n o ly be dried out, it has been stacked i h n a s d a b i e n e p li e s i e t o c as to justify farther delay, and accordingly a large addition u n g re h d, co a n n d d i t a i l o t n h , ou t h g e h c s i o r has been made to that part of the crop previously in the stackyard. In the low country the crop may be said to be now finally secured with much less damage than was sup posed; and even in the secondary districts by far the greater part of the crop is now safe. prom Edinburgh, by Falkirk and Stirling, to Callender, the fields may be said to be cleared ; for, excepting beans, the outstanding grain in that extensive range is inconsiderable. The harvest has been protracted and expensive ; but the quantity of grain abso lutely lost, or seriously damaged, is on the whole, a very small amount. The loss caused by the high winds shaking the grain out of the ears is probably greater than the damage to the quality occasioned by the continued rain. The potato crop is rapidly giving way, and there is now every reason to apprehend . that the l oss o f t hi s va l ua bl e article of food will tell serrusly on the grain markets. Labour is fortunately easily to be had, and wages good. The class likely to suffer most is that larg e po r ti on of our fellow-creatures who, from being unable are unfit for any settled employment, depend chiefly on the precarious bounty of others. This class of persons a t a ll t i mes li ve i n a state of privation and suffering, but when a failure in the article of food, on which, from its Cheapnes s , th e y d er i ve their chief support, occurs, their distress is aggravated in a very high degree, and gives them a claim on the wealthy and benevolent classes which few will be disposed to resist. We hope steps will be taken to procure some alteration in the condition of the numerous class here referred to before the setting in of the winter.—Edinburgli Witness, Oct. 29. PRirics of WALES'S BIRTII-DAY. .71NDSOR, MON %lN.—Yesterday being Sunday, the anniversary of the birth of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales was celebrated in Windsor to-day. The bells of St. George's Chapel and the parish church have rung merrily ; and at twelve o'clock a royal salute was tired from the Corporation ordnance in Bachelor's.acre. Some of the bcalses of the roy4l tradesmen were illuminated this evening. A royal salute was fired at noon from the Belvidere battery at Vir. gild Water, POOR-LAW UNIONS. KELLS.—On Saturday the guardians, after considering the alarming consequences that may result to the people from the failure of the potato crop, passed a resolution, " imploring the Executive Government to devise means to give extensive employment to the people, and to provide food for the en suing spring and summer at a moderate price, in order to avert famine and disease." DROGIIEDA.-At a meeting of the guardians of this union, on Thursday, a resolution was passed, appointing a committee to devise measures for providing temporary hospitals, in con sequence of the extensive spread of fever in the suburbs of Drogheda. The Drogheda Argus of yesterday contains the following melancholy announcement : " SPREAD OP FFXRR.-It is with deep pain we have to state that fever is unusually rife in the suburbs and lanes of this town. We are assured by one of our Catholic clergymen that he has, during the week, witnessed several instances of most awful destituton—in many cases two or three sick in one apartment of the wretched cabins, in some instances two or three in one bed! The board of guardians are compelled to seek the temporary loan of the hospital in North George's street, until a fever hospital is erected. If disease already makes its appearance, what may we expect if measures be not taken to prevent famine, or even an insufficiency of food ?" The following additional report has been forwarded to the Lord Lieutenant by the commissioners of the potato dis ease : " My Lord—We take occasion to mention to your Excel lency some facts regarding the action of • peat or turf upon diseased potatoes, which we are anxious to make known without delay, although at the present moment we do not wish to put forward a formal report, or official recommenda tion. " We had early fixed our attention on the preservative action of turf, and in our first report gave some directions for its use, since which time we have received accounts of its decisive utility in many cases. We had also obtained very distinct evidence that in wet bog land the disease was in reality milder and less extensive than in drier and more fertile soils. Upon these grounds we proceeded to institute experiments on the action of bog water on diseased potatoes, and we find that certainly, when immersed therein, the dis ease appears to be arrested, andithe substance of the potato does not appear in any way to suffer. " Our tnals having been made in Dublin, and on a small scale, and also the pressure of circumstances forcing us to make known every plan likely to prove useful without loss of time, we do not wish to have this notice considered as de cisively stating that steeping in bog.water will stop the pro gress of the disease; but we consider it highly important that the plan should be tried by persons residing in bog 'districts, where circumstances render a possible failure in a certain quantity an object of no importance. We have accordingly applied to several gentlemen to institute trials on a large scale, and shall, when we learn the results, at once proceed to lay them before your Excelleney.—We remain, your Ex cellency's obedient and faithful servants, " ROBERT KANE. " JOHN LINDLEY. " LYON PLAYFAIR. " Royal Dublin Society, Nov. 8." PUBLIC PRAYERS IN THE ESTABLISHED CHURCHES.—The second prayer appointed to be used in time of famine has been ordered by the Primate and several Bishops to be offered in the churches during the present month. THE NEW COLLEGES. The Government surveyors have already commenced ope• rations in Galway, where the site of th , ! new college, consist ing of about eight acres, is at the rear of the school of Eras mus Smith's foundation. It is stated that the Rev. Dr. Henry, Presbyterian minister of Armagh, has been appointed principal of the New Ulster College, to be established in Belfast. Dr. Henry was ap pointed by the late Government one of the Commissioners of National - Education, and by the present Government a mem ber of the Board formed under the Charitable Bequests Act, both of which offices, without salary, he retains. Th e prin cipals of the other co lleges: are the Rev. Dr. Kirwan, parish priest of Onterar , Galway College; and Professor Kane, the distinguished chemist, and author of the "Industrial Re sources of Ireland," for the Munster College at Cork. THE PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PAST QUARTER. (From the Report of the Registrar-General.) "The quarterly returns are obtained from 115 districts, sub-divided into 576 sub-districts; 34 districts are placed under the metropolis, and the remaining 81 disiricts com prise, with some agricultural districts, the principal towns and cities in England. The population was 6,578,912 in 1841." The public health during the past quarter, ending Sept. 30, was good; for the deaths, notwithstanding the increase of the population, were only 36,008, or 1,870 less than the average of the corresponding quarters of five former years (1840-44). This favourable state of things was general. and was observed in the majority of the town districts of the kingdom. The southern coast has been unusually healthy through tha summer; the deaths in Brighton, on an average 262, were only 219; in the Isle of Wight, the deaths, on an average 183, were 121; in the Pprtsea Island (Portsmouth), the deaths, on an average 299, were 239 ; in Exeter, the deaths, on an average 200, were 160; in Ply mouth, the deaths, on an average 224, were 191; in Pen zance,, the deaths, on an average 292, were only 166 in the quarter ending Sept. 30, 1845. The mortality has been below the average in every district round the south-eastern and southern coast, from London to the Land's End ; yet the average mortality itself is low throughout that part of the country. In the last report (p. 1) it will be seen that only 1-9 per cent., or 1 in 52, of the inhabitants die annually in the south-eastern and south western divisions, while the annual mortality of the whole kingdom i 3 1 in 45. lii Austria, including the northern parts of Italy, the an nual mortality is one in 33; and the mortality throughout Italy is not less than in Austria, In the cities of Italy the mortality, according to official documents, varies from 3 to 4 per cent. In France the annual mortality is lin 42. The mortality was above the average of the corresponding quarter in the following districts :—Nortbampton, Bedford, Yarmouth, Kidderminster, Leicester, Rochdale, Halifax, Bradford, Pontypool, Newtown, Holywell, and Anglesey. Leicester is an unhealthy district; the average mortality is high; the average number of deaths in the summer quarter is 325, and in the last quarter no less than 457 deaths were;registered. The registrar of the east district re marks—" Since that time (1840) vaccination seems to have been totally neglected ; hence the great increase of deaths for this and the preceding quarter. I have registered 73 deaths from natural small-pox, and only four persons that have been vaccinated, and those only very doubtful. Measles has been very fatal ; I have registered 57 death from that edidemic." The fatality of small-pox is mentioned by the registrars of Yarmouth, Northampton, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Coventry, Basford, Liverpool, Bury, Prescott, and other districts,' in their remarks. Metropolis-76 deaths from small-pox were registered in the quarter; the average is 130. In the week ending Sep tember 13, no death from small-pox was registered. Such an exemption has never before been observed !Anal the new tables were published. Measles has been epidemic; 6BB deaths have occurred from that disease. Ilooping-cough has been prevalent. Of scarlatina only 194 persons, chiefly chil dren, died; the avearge is 476. Only two deaths from priva tion were returned ; the average of the quarter is five. The weather presented this remarkable peculiarity, that the mean temperature of every week of the 13 was below the average. The mean temperature of the quarter at Green wich was 57 degrees 1; which is nearly four degrees below the average of the season. The mouth of August was five degrees below the temperature of the same month on an average of 25 years. Seven inches of rain fell at the Ob servatory. The results varied considerably in other parts of the country. The temperature of summer last year (1844) was two de grees below the average; but the state of the crops, and par ticularly of the potato crop in 1845, and its possible effects on the public health, render a comparison of the whole meteoro logical phenomena of 1844 and 1845 important. EXPLOSION OF FIRE-DAMP AT ST. HELEN'S.- Shortly after five o'clock on the morning of Wednesday last, the coal-pit No. 13, belonging to Messrs. Turner and Evans, Hay dock, near St. Helen's, caught fire, and a terrific explosion took place, tearing up the gearing at the mouth of the pit. The night. men had all just arrived at the top of the pit, and a considerable number of the dayman had dascended : in fact, one or more of them were suspended by the rope at the time the explosion oc curred. Had it happened a few minutes later, about forty would have been in the pit. As soon as they were enabled they went down to see the extent of the mischief, when they discovered nine dead bodies, amongst whom was that of a boy, who was dreadfully mutilated. Ten others were got up alive, some of whom ale shockingly burnt, and are not expected to re cover. The real cause of the casualty has not yet been ascertained, but it is strongly conjectured that a boy, who had only recently been employed in the pit, had carelessly gone to some newly ex plored part with an uncovere I light, thus causing the explosion. The following are the names of those killed :—Robert Valentine, aged 20, single : Edward Valentine, 14 ; Richard Urmston, 32, married, three children ; Richard Urmston, 11 ; John Harrison. 21, single ;' James Greenough, 18, single; Samuel Low, 15 ; J. Knowle, 15; Peter Fairhurst, 29, married, one child. The fol lowing severely burnt:—Joseph Rutter, 21, single; W. Harrison, 15 ; James Leatherbarrow, 21, married, two children ; H. Hill, 15; Peter Leatherland, 21, single; Henry Winstanley, 19, single; Ralph Ellam, 21, single : Richard Unsworth, 18, single.—l ivcr poolCbronicle. PLANTING POTATOES IN NOVEMBER.-At a meet ing of the Hereford Allotment Society, the Rev. R. Wood Kyle gave the following directions for planting potatoes in November. Open a shallow drill, four inches deep, in which lay potatoes about fifteen inches asunder, and the size of a lien's egg. Cover the drill with a layer of manure about three or four inches thick, pile up the mould over this to the height of two feet, and thus leave them until the last week in March ; about that time scrape off the mould the depth of four inches, and in three or four weeks afterwards the potatoes will appear above ground. By this plan the (rest does not injure the plant, which, as it grows, must be continually moulding up in the same way as celery, so long as a grain of mould will stick to it; as many as thirty seven large potatoes will grow from one root by this method. Where the soil is light and capable of being moved by the potato in the act of growing, success has always attended this plan. It might be less certain in a stiff undrained soil. LORD MAyofi's DAY.—A novel feature was intro duced this year into the procession, by the attendance of the Society of finardians for the Protection of Trade, of which the Lord Mayor is one of the presidents. This is the most ancient society of its kind, having been established in 1776. _ _ It is said that Captain Lindsay, the Honourable Btember for yfigan y will next month Ipacl to the hymeneal altar the beautiful daughter of the rani of Alexborough.—Liverpoot Journat --/ THE WEST INDIA MAIL. • The Avon steam-ship, of the Royal Mail Company, Cap tain Norton, arrived at Southampton yesterday from Mexico, the West Indies, Bc., w:th the usual mails. The latest dates she:brings an —From Tampico, Sept. 26, Vera Cruz, Oct. 2, Havannah, Oct. 11, Honduras, Sept. 20, Chagres, Sept. 25, Jamaica, Oct. 9, Carthagena, Sept. 28, Demerara, Oct. 5, Trinidad, Oct. 7, Barbadoes, Oct. 10, Grenada, Oct. 11, St. Thomas, Oct. 15, Porto Rico, Oct. 13, Jaemel, Oct. 11, St. Jago de Cuba, Oct. 6, St. Juan de Nicaragua, Sept. 23, and Bermuda, Sept. 22. The Avon brings on freight 2,751,193 dollars, being by far the greatest number ever yet brought by one of these steamers. Of these, 74,895 are trom Vera Cruz, on account of the Mexican dividends ; and 6,000 from Tampico, which, considering the state of affairs in that distracted country, may be considered as a pretty fair remittonce. There are also on board 505 ounces of gold dust, 147 serons of cochineal, 15 lb , . of platina, and a box of pearls, beside 30 turtle, on consignment. Her Majesty's ships Eurydice and Persian were at Sacriti cies (both healthy) ; as also the American man-of-war Fal mouth, of 24 guns; ditto St. Mary's, 22 guns; ditto Sara toge, 20 guns; ditto John Adams, 20 guns; ditto Sormes, 10 guns; ditto Porpoise, 12 guns; ditto Union steamer, 16 guns Likewise the Spanish steamer La Patriota, of 20 guns ; aad the French man-of-war Griffi n , o f 18 guns. Her Majesty's surveying -vessel Thunder, Captain Barnett, wai at Bermuda, but about to sail for Nassau, N.P. The Royal Mail Company's stea mer Tweed, Captain Par sons, arrived at St. Thomas's on tha 14th of October, and et Grenada on the 10th. The Medway, Captain Andrews, left Havannah for the Gulf on the 10th. The Forth, Captain Chapman sailed from Bermuda, on the 22d October, fur Nassau. The schooner Lee sailed from Havannah for Hon. duras on the Bth of October. The Josephine was off Tampico on the 26th of September, waiting a smooth bar. The Bathurst, in Ireland Dock, Ber muda, was to sail for Jamaica the day after the Avon left. The Susan brig arrived at Vera Cruz on the Ist of October, spoke the Gem, of Halifax, on the 6th of November, in lat. 47 deg. N., long. 18 W. The Avon, according to the Post-office arrangements, was due on the 7th; but in consequence of being detai ne d at Bermuda for the West India mails, she did not leave there until the 22d: computing, therefore, the average duration of the passage, she is only a day and a quarter over due at Southampton. And even this is satisfactorily accounted for in the very tempestuous weather she has undergone. The Avon has encountered a succession of gales from the N.K., with heavy seas the whole of the passage. Part of her pad dle-boxes are washed away, and she has sustained some other trifling damages. In the Gulf of Mexico she ex perienced two " northers ;" and on the 12th of October, whilst in the Gulf of Fl hide, another terrific gale sprung up. which lasted 48 hours; and flora the 15th to the 21st, the Avon had a most boisterous time of it. Captain Norton ro ports, that taking the whole voyage together, he never saw such weather, and aotwitbstanding the noble vessel necessa rily labourel a great deal, she rode out the gales admirably. MEXICO. Everything was quiet in Mexico when the Avon left, but matters looked sompitliat warlike. The troops (such as they are) were being; drilled and exercised from daylight until dark, and guns have been mounted on every available space. The appearance of the seven American men-of--war at the Sacriticios had, however, rather dismayed the ex French, and Spanish, the r e, are eleven altogether, and the fleet had somewhat an im posing appearance. The ex-President General Comalesz'o and son, with the Minister of War, Bussandre, took their passages from Vera Cruz to llavannah, to join Santa Anna. This latter personage, it appears, is wonderfully getting Into favour again. A complete reaction has taken place, trad it is the opinion of many that ere long he will be reinstr-ted with all his former honours. There is no newsof particular moment , iir,ut the WrA 111dia i4auds. _,-• te hesf a •, so n da,o ar 11° I In° 01 "1 ie of to'. litt iesl Ci ch I. „ 6 tral' 60 p o 0 .` ~. ■