The Sun. — London, England, 1851-03-24 00:00:00

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' ' ' - ' V''' j . ;•.: . 1. ••., * f .. ..;!,,... _ OIT V. ''''?.''''''' .• k" .. q?1,14,4 ' i' ff Wt:a --- ‘ 7 :11:v1.". - "..,' - -- v" - -- _, Di ..- c., _-) D 13INZ Or ENGLAND, Msacri 20, 1551. THE Governors and Company of the Bank of Eng land give notice, Jo lliet the General Court held at the Bank, this day, is AD ck INED till TuSsDia neat, the 25th instant, ac Eleven o'clo the Forenoon, for the purpose of taking the determination by vote, Print er writing, of the question on the following resolution pr0'141,62(11 ' 14 1 , 6 2 ( 1 1 at the Court for a Dividend, TiZ. : at a Dividend be made of 4/. per cent., out of interest any ro fer the half-year ending the 28th February last, withoude on account of the income-tax. The voting will commence at Eleven o'clock andterminate at Four. JOHN BENTLEY, Secretary. ning, N°.18,252.] LONDON, MONDAY EVENING SU N, MARCH 24, 1851. etter, hould 'al. I it o nse- Jine 8 [PRICE SD. THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY. COAL TRAFFIC. The Directors tb x .i of the Great Northern Railway hereby give notice ia , , Mr. COLES CHILD has been appoineil SOLE AGENT for the Co h' the Silkstene, Thorncliffe, Elsocar, Barnsley, and Worsb ro' deposited at the King's-cross station. Seer By Order, . R. MOWATT, QtarY's Office, King's-cross Station, ,T Secretary. London, 20th March, 1851. J. R. Dinnistoun, Glasgow, merchant, to meet within the Stock Exchange Rooms, Glasgow, March 28 and April 18, at one. G. Ord, Glasgow, house agent, to meet within the Star Hotel, Glasgow, March 25 and Aprills, at two. we could bear the debts of the war public and private, not only without difficulty, but with ease and prosperity. As the debts increased the currency extended, and en abled us to bear their pressure. The currency measures of 1819, by altering the currency, added eight hundred millions at one blow to the public and private debts, and at the same time by restricting the currency re stricted the means of meeting the augmented pressure. In 1823 and 1824 the currency was expanded the additional burthen of eight hundred millions was thus taken off, and in 1824, and to the end of 1825, the country again en joyed ease and comfort as during the war. In 1826 the currency was again contracted; the extra weight of eight hundred millions was again imposed, while the currency was restricted instead of increased, and again to 1834 the sufferings of 1822 were renewed. In 1834-5, and 6 NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE AND EQUITABLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES 26, CORNIIILL, LONDON. working classes, in all the large towns, were suddenly deprived of employment, and thrown upon their own feeble resources for the maintenance of their families. t*T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman. THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY. COALS FKOM YORKSHIRE. 14 : 3 1, 4 PrOPrietors ef the Slikstone, Thorticliffe, Elsecar, Barnsley, t he Worsbro' Collieries, having completed their arrangements with t4. G reat Northern Railway Company for the regular carriage of goif, • Coals to London, the undersigned has been appointed their Metropolitan Agent for the Sale of Coals consigned to the i h . e . 8 Cross Station; and from and after the 24th instant, will be 'Pared to supply the Public at the following prices, viz. : Into carts Delivered within at 5 miles in sacks th t King's Cross. or in bulk. Class House Coals • . 148. 6d • . 179.1 Beyond 5 miles 6.1. per "•.014 Class ditto —138.6 d. .. 16s. j ton per mile extra. , uasers may send their own waggons and sack s. '.h to be paid on giving the order, or on delivery. thil.nt_ese Coals are the produce of the best pits in the South York pc° Coal field. They are of good quality and large size; an % t if Loaded from the same waggons which originally receive then, k ion e collieries, they are delivered to the consumer in excellent con- *W. A. B. Bennett, Esq. *Hugh Croft, Esq. tElliotson, M.D„ F.R.S. *Ralph Gough, Esq. •M. C. Maher, Esq. *John Moss, Esq. *Jan Rawson, Esq. *John Shaw, Esq. i*Edmund S. Symea, Esq, tsClement Tabor, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq. f*Augastus Vigne, Esq• THE COUNTRY AND THE CURREIVCI. OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OFFICE, 29, New Bridge-street, Illackfriars, and at the Exhibition Build ing, Hyde•park. NOTlCE.—Advertisements intended for the First Edition of a Quarter of a Million of the Small Catalogue, as also for the First Editions of the Illustrated, the German, and French Catalogues, should be sent in immediately, in order that they may be classified and printed forthwith. EXTRACT FROM SPEECH OF THE RIGHT HON. WILLIAM HUSKISSON OW MR. TIERNEY ' S RESOLUTIONS ON THE STATE OF THE PUBLIC FINANCES, JULY 9, 1827, (stating manner in which the productive classes benefit by a rise and suffer from a fall in prices) : ' " When prices were continually rising, all the active classes were benefited, and annuitants alone were placed in a worse situation • but it was better that any loss should fall on them than on Le productive classes. The effect of a rue in price on them would perhaps force them to greater economy, and at most abridge their comforts ; but while they were reduced to this, the other classes were benefited. But the effect of a falling market on the industry of a country was' very dif ferent. " If the value of a man's stock were only reduced one tenth in value, perhaps that one-tenth might amount to the whole of his own capital—the nine-tenths might be borrowed. The fall naturally alarmed the creditor, who, by urging his demand, forced sales, by which the difficulty was increased. " In such a state of things it was impossible that the re venue, depending, as it did, so much on the active classes, should not fail." [N.B. The alterations in our currency having been not one tenth only, but from one-third to one-half, the fearful effect of these enormous changes on the industry of she country and the active classes and the revenue must be apparent.] AUDITOR. trrOfeSSOP Wheatstone, F.R.S. PHYSICIAN. fJ. Elliotson, II.D„ F.R.S„ 37, Condait-street. sraoxoN. t * E. S. Symes, Esq., 77, Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-square. ACTUARY. t * W. S. E. Woollxouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., Ise. 1. Insurance Offices. 2. Literature and the Fine Arts. 3. New Inventions. 4. Agricultural Machines and Im • ple►nents. 5. House Agency—Hotels, Ta verns, and Lodging-houses. SPICER BROTHERS,WhoIesaIe Si 6. Places of Public Amuse ment. 7. Railway and steam-boat ar rangements. 8. Classification of Trades and Miscellaneous. tationers j Joint Contractors to the j Royal Commission. the currency was expanded; we wore again relieved from the eight hundred millions, and again we breathed in comfort. In 1836 the currency was again limited, I *D. T. Lyons Clanchy, Esq. supsznaktrieiNT. *W. A. Hawkins, Esq. BANKERS. %fears. Glyn, HaWax, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street. . f:. SOLICITORS, ip,XeSSfi. &Igen, Eweas, Ommanney and Prudence, 6, Basinghall street. *W. Tatham, Esq., 22, Throgmorton-street. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE omen. CAPITAL-500,0001. OWES and SONS, Printers, the incubus of eight hundred millions again placed on our shoulders, and from this time to 1842 the country was afflicted as before. In 1844, _ 1845, and 1846, the COLES CHILD, Sole Agent. C°4 Department, King's-cross Station, London, 20th March, 1851. ONE-VOLUME EDITION OF MR. MACAULAY'S ESSAYS. A New Edition, in square crown Bvo., uniform with Southey's "Doe tor" and " Commonplace Books," with Portrait by Eddis, en graved by Greatbach,and Vignette . , price One Guinea, cloth; or 30s. hound in calf by llayday, CRITICAL and HISTORICAL ESSAYS con tribute& to the Edinburgh Review. By THOMAS BA .BINGTON MACAULAY. A New Edition, complete in One Volume. Also, an Edition (the 6th) in 3 vols., Svo., price 365. cloth. London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. ,LECTRO BIOLOGY. go tta Mr. G. W. STONE begs leave to announce that he has as tl,l l •d With Dr. DARLING, who ha; been eminently successful in t o , Lectures and Experiments in Scotland anl Irelwy.d, upon to, ' 0 Biology, and that the Lectures and Exhibitions at the Maryle -4 therary and S c ientific Institution will hereafter be condu cted Conjointly. See the following Advertisement. .3.1. r ELEC.TRO BIOLOGY. 4 1 ,,, • •W. STONE and Dr. H. G. DARLING have the honour to k ie `funce that Lectures and interesting Experim.nts in the above k ill be - given bi thenx at the Marylebone Literary and Scien k7_ 1 , 11 ns w titution. 17, Ldward-street, Portmau-squaxe, on Tuesday, 4 25, Wednesday, 26, and Saturday, 29 ; and to prevent inter- Z O ll in the experiments, the doors will be closed at Half-past L'lg~t precisely.—Deors open at Ilalf-past Seven, commence at Eight. Admission, Is. ; Reserved Seats, 'zs. Ties WITHDRAWAL TABLE of the Society affords to the As sured the greatest possible present and prospective advantages that oan be conferred by Life Assurance. On this Table the Assured is entitled, at any time, to receive at interest an immediate advance, to the extent of one-half the amount of the paid animal Premiums, without seeurit: n i liability, or deposit of the Policy, but by simple endorsem ,nereon ;or the half Premium may be with held during the whole continuance of the Policy. Also, in the event of the Assured at any time not requiring to continue the Policy, en its surrender one-half of the annual payments will be returned by the Sc , iiety. Lapsed Policies may be renewed without fine, on proof of health and payment of arrears of Premium without interest. Notices of Assignment of Policies registered and acknowledged, so as to make them available as securities is the hands of third parties. Ne Entrance Fees or any other charge beyond the Policy Stamp. The present nuual income of the Society from Premiums is 63,0001.; the amount covered by the Policies of the Society is 1,781,5301.; and the reserved profit, applicable to future bonus to the Assured, amounts to 82,4541. ss. 6d. At the last annual inves tigation, reported in May, 1850, the bonuses declared to the As sured were, the option of a return of 15 per cent. on their Premiums in cash, or a reversiouary addition to the original stn assured by each Policy varying from 20 to 35 per cent. EXAMPLES OF BONUSES ALREADY DECLARED. 400 D WINE. —GEORGE ONWHYN, 3, Ca rr therine-street, Strand, is now offering p ure PORT WINE, Ni l • s bottled, but flt for immediate drinking, at 30s. per 4 h4 7; a genuine wholesome wine, recommended for invali d ds, ozen. at 1 4 • Der dozen, and old bottled Port at 365. per dozen. Warranted instanee free from Cape or admixture. The stock open for l+tetio n. ~......., NOTICE. I . Perma- TRE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITU- . 1 .,4 Annual (Policy Bonus in nent Re- Age. 1 .• ~ Pre- taken addition Bonus in ductio alf , 8i TION will be Closed on the 29th instant, to be Re-opened on G ,7, minx. out in to Sum Cash. Ann 10,,,,'," Monday. Depositors are respectfully invited to forward their n Assured. Premium. t . „ 4 . 4 . 1 before the 12th April, that they may be numbered in the New ...._ _ , -- 1 1 `,, 10 , 1 1 of the Catalogue, free of expense. Xs. d. Xs d. Xs. d. 1,, 4,1 1 the 29th instant the Lectures on Science, including Music, - 1837 292 6 9 139 16 9 22 13 1 4 . '"d the usual Exhibitions will be continued Mornings and s ings, 1839 267 11 4 126 17 2 19 1 9 7 1839 241 18 6 113 17 7 17 8 8 R. I. LONGIIOTTOM, Secretary. X, £ s.d. 1840 193 12 6 93 16 II 14 010 _____......- 60 1000 74 34. 1841 189 12 6 89 510 13 811 RAIMENT'S GRIND CASINO, 1842 162 16 8 76 18 4 11 8 3 Licensed by Act of Parliament. 1843 111 10 10 55 10 10 81 10 A AGYLL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL- 1844 77 19 2 38 15 10 59 11 , , 1845 66 15 0 44 10 0 4 10 1 LAURENT'S GRIND CASINO, Licensed by Act of Parliament. ARGYLL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL oI STREET, ST. JAMES'S. 1 481140, Charles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-square.) OPEN EVERY E VENING, With LAURENT'S UNRIVALLED BAND. Principal Cornet-a-Pistons, M. Boulcourt. 415.-"'. terminatealf Oen at H-past Eight o'clock—Dancing to COMMOIICe at kid at Half-past Eleven o'clock precisely. Admission, One Shilling. Extensive Travelling Leave granted without extra Premium Moderate extra Prfinium for Residence in Tropical Climates. EQUITABLR FIRE OFFICE. Capital-500,0001. (Incorporated ander 7 and S Tict., cap. 110.) The leading principles of this Office era—Moderate and equitable Rates of Premium for each class of risk—Annual division of Profits. The difficulty of collecting the elements on which to proportion Premium to risk is Insurance against Loss by Fire has been so great, that the rates at present charged are more the result of guess than calculation. It has been found by experience, that the total annual losses of the different Established Companies have not been proportionate to the amount of annual Premiums received by each. It is of the highest importance, both to the Insured and Insurers, that such an anomaly should cease, and an approximation to the true risk be made. To secure this object the Equitable Fire Insu rance Company is established. The tree rate of Premium for Fire Insurance can only be ap ?reached through Classification and Average, which has not hitherto been sufficiently acted on, or systematically applied. Whatever be the nominal rate, the bonus or return periodically to the Insured will determine the tree Premium equitably payable, as security against loss for so great a calamity as fire, and the Insurer is largely interested in this question, and will consult his interest by supporting a system where, by a careful combination of Classifica tion and Average, the Premium will be propertioned to the risk. The Equitable Fire Office will, by a constant analysis of its own experience, from time to time, adopt such rates of rrenalam as the mature of the risk may justify, and will decline to enter into arrange ments as regards tariffs with other offices. With this view an annual investigation will be made into each class of risk, and a return of one moiety, or flay per cent. of the nett excess will be made to all classes of Insurers whose Policies have been in force for three years. Insurances against Loss by Fire are effected by this Company upon every description of Property on moderate terms. Farming Stock insured at as. per cent, without the Average Clause. Prospectuses, and every information may be obtained, on applica tion at the Office, or to any of its Agents. ri t BUDGET.—In noticing the most momen -4,,, tour 'question of the day, the all-absorbing question of the 'c'e shall not pause at the outset to consider whether it does or east assimilate with the general wish, but shall merely remark lt s , a ,PPY the man who can produce a budget embracing the inte !trb," all, and thrice happy he wbe can produce one affording Satisfaction. Men of the largest and most extended talents hitherto failed in this achievement, and to E. MOSES and SON d lq e reserved the happy lot to accomplish this consummation so Isished for. 'h Sg 1:1, 1l e Arranging their Budget for 1851, E. MOSES and S ON at d eclare t they had no new discoveries to make , no contend b!rests to reconcile, no laborious task to carry out ; they have il;.`,to pursue without deviation their old and s uccessful course, it ti — e best and most approved material in every department of kla Zarled manufactures, to employ the greatest possib le amount of Sr t ,,,nical skill, and to effect sales so extensive as to make t he ( Eito shadow of a shade of profit amply suffice. Without entering of necessity too voluminous to be interesting, but for 4 tid they refer their own valued public to their stock , the y boldl y bl 4 '' hesitatingly declare they have produced a Budget, at once em klt„l the interests of all, and, at the same time, one whi ch will Ct , universal satisfaction. For where the national wants have !(Osit , „ 4(1e4 all the relief which could have been craved by s ome, E. bin a nd SON'S low prices will enable them to bear the disap 'tti!tste'ent more cheerfully ; and to those whose wishes have been they afford the Indulgence in luxuries not always attainable. .andsome Almanac, for the year 1451, can be had gratis, on Tif application. of t h ' new edition of " Everybody's Book, containing a full report 14te: late important trial, may be had. gratis, on application, or by Post free. 4 4, 4 95 ES and SON have no connexion with any other house in of London, except the following :- 1 4,11,; 144 City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83, 1 411 . ~and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating. 1 44 'O, ',l l West-end Branch, 506, 5 07, 5 0 8 , New Oxford - stre et, 1,2, ad-street, all communicating. gi,f 4 lord " Yorkshire" Branch, 19, Bridge-street. T'''.,itteld Branch, 36, Fargate. ' l / 4 C"r B . Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, soot and shoo 4ft. and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen. t @Gltstablishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset 9s- W en is rwsmned till Twelve o'clock. Ici ron parle Yraneaise. Qui si parla Itallano. lifer spricht man Deutsch. Aqui se habla Espanol, t National Loan Fund Life Assuranoe Society. * Equitable Fire . t* Botk Offices. ANNUAL DIVISION OF PROFITS AND LARGE REDUCTION or PREMIUMS. HAND -IN-HAND FIRE and LIFE INSURANCE SOCIETY. Instituted in 1696. Extended to Life Insurance. 1836. IMMEDIATE, DEFERRED, AND SURVIVO.I4SHIP ANNUITIES GRANTED. DUSECTOR9. E. Fuller Maitland, Esq. The Hon. Chas. John Murray. William Scott, Esq. John Sperling, Esq. Henry Wison, Esq. Robert Winter, Esq, Thos. Fuller Maitland, Esq., The Hon. William Ashley. The Hon. Sir Edward Cast. John Lettsom Elliott, Esq. James Esdalle, Esq. Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq. John Gurney Hoare, Esq. AUDITOBS.—The Hon. Col. Cost, to IN SIX LANGUAGES—FORTIETH EDITION. 'TA-INDIO TEE REMEDY FOR TILE PREVENTION OF DISEASE. ON l3l ,ilat_ratd by 100 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel. TS i e CAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATITE INCA- N.,_PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS TO M ARRIAGE. by"' and Improved Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, price 2s. 6d. p ?.., 8 1, direct from the Establishment, 3 s. 6 d. in p osta g e stamps, p r IdE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on I k 4ol t i ke exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by trt,„: 7ll indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse . of t , 1 11 0 ,,,'`Y, with explicit directions for the use of the preventive lotion, L'4lls w ec ;bY observations en the Married State, and the disqualifies i',,,_ tp. detail prevent it. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings, and "r h :.etail of cases. By R. and L. PERRY and CO., Consulting `qe A "ile. 19 Berners-street, Ox[ord-street, London. Published by la lith o .. ' K i NI S anger ; and sold by Btrange, 21, Paternoster-rew ; Ilannay, 'rett -, c', 150, Oxford-street ; and Gorden, 140, Leadenhall- LP4i, i . 4 nden. nlnl i ,' • treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive q. 1 :44.,' 4 , l 'd Is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings. „,` 4 0 4 2i. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in -1.74,r, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing ',,IID E ,: ai , Ii bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative t h raa, ~...`3 7. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings. ti:' Pri, l-11 . treats of the diseases resulting from inrection, either in r„tir ti ,"larY or secondary form, and contains explicit directions for nl, eatmont. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Lxigtav- F' ll ,-, 41 1T Il• Ti Alt „ • contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a p,.,t I,,,,,"PPlication, by which the danger Of infection is obviated. - Itp'"Portant part the Work should not escape the reader's ilp c t , tit it I. ~,, V . is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its di:l - .'''' 6 causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the 11 4, 4119 .1ect critically and philosophically inquired into. c lapi, r enata.u. Bata OF Svittacusi is exclusively employed in r t la2,, l iervous and sexual debility, impotence, Soc., Ils. and 335. 'IlI""e• The Concentrated Detersive Essence, 0, 4;,,,.,_' rof purifying the blood in eases of infection, secondary an anti -syphilitic ''itip "'s., eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, lls. and 335. per t 't p 0,., rerry's purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d-, 4s. 6d., and 115. Ctoki,,, . a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and `• ' Inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, 11, 4 r „,_ p ,liti „„_ -- unte detail of the 'case is required: age, habits, and posi y'`l, 44, e 'uelaty. bl. Packets, with advice, to be bad at the Beta 142¢sp:it 01,1 1 Y by which the fee, 11., is saved. Messrs. Perry, - ,,sratt , , are in attendance duly at 19, Berners-etreot, Oxford- Av luondon from Eleven till Two, and Five to Eight ; on Sun -, ,Rom --___Eleven to One. James Esdaile, Esq. BANKEas.—Messrs. Goslings and Sharpe, 19. Fleet-street. Pirsicisx.—Thomas K. Chambers, ➢S.D., 1, Mil-street, Berkeley- square. Soincrroas .—Messrs. Lumley, Nicholl, and Smyth, IS, Carey street. AcTusalv.—James M. Terry, Esq. SECEETAIL — Robert Steven, Esq. FIRE DEPARTMENT. Although the lowest rates of premium consistent 'With security have been charged by the Office, it has for many years been enabled to make very large re turns to septennial Insurers. LIFE DEPARTMENT. The important advantages offered by the plan and constitution of the Life Department of this Society are— That Insurers are protected by a large invested capital, upon which there is no interest to pay, and for which no deduction of any kind is made, which enables the Directors to give the whole of the Profits to insuring members. That the Profits are divided annually amongst all mere bers of five years' standing, and applied towards reducing life insurance to the lowest possible rates of premium. The following table exhibits the Abatement of Premium that has been made for the past nine years to members of five y ears' stand ing : Years of Rate of Years of Its to of Division. Abatement. Division. Abaitement. --. 1842 £45 per Cent. 1847 £5O per Cent. 1843 45 if 4 ' 1848 50 „ 1844 46 11 1849 52!, „ 1845 50 „ 1850 o 2 ~ 1846 50 „ -- A Policy taken out on or before the 24th of Jane, 1 5 45, at an an nual premium of will consequently be charged 471.. 10s. as this 3 ear's premium ; and it is expected that an equal abateraent will in future be annually made. That persons insuring their own lives, or the lives of others, may become members. That persons who are willing to forego participation in the profits can insure at a lower rate than that charged to member 4. The following table will show the effect of the reduction of pre mium made by the Society on Members' Policies that heNe been five years in force : ;LPL CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS. v „ To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho; Rle,,` ,Mt-street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author , %m e ca übuling each ; by post, Is. 6d. ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. Age when Insured. Sum Insured. Annual Premium Reduced or first five years. Premium. X s. d. X s. d. 2 13 5 1 5 6 8 7 11 1 12 3 13 7 1 6 7 0 16 19 7 8 1 3 38 19 2 18 10 1 67 18 4 32 5 2 194 15 10 92 10 6 Csa " Health Recreation, and ratienal Use of Time." wrs:—Early Rising—Spring and Rummer Ifornings--Ex. ON,: about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills '4 Fields, High-roads, and other pleasant places—Country Rambles—Tisc sea—London at Night—Evening at Home ""e• -- -The Drama—On Eating, Drinking , Bleeping, Bathing, Air, t. •ase, Occupation, &c., &o. 11. titAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two Vols. Vol I. ..SIT TO TUE LAKES; SKETCH:OF EDINBURGH, ace. Vol. 11. LAKES OF KILLARNEY; REMINISCEN DUBLIN, &c. 111. WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID. " That three score years and ten our course may ran." yk,.. popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of net tk4ly-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses q t 3:onug, besets the man of pleasure, business, er study , and ern -4104 cld age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical Togo 4, of every-day life' Tl 7 100 10g 500 500 1000 2000 5000 This system of reducing tbo premiums affords immeilliate benefit to te members, or enables them to insure a further sum upon their lives equal to more than one.tlaird of the present policy, - without any additional outlay. ROBERT STEVEN, Secretary. rCES OF ALL POLICIES IN DISPUTABLE. C A lAN ASSUR-' ENGLISH AND •-•--- ANCE SOCIETY, For Life Ann u iti es, and L o ans, and for P er p etua tin; Latasehold and Copyhold Property. BlackfriarS4 London. Chief Office-9, NEW BRIDGE-STREET , " Declined" Liv es t a k en at equita bl e rates. Life Policies " indisp u t a bl e " an d n ot liable to forfeiture. Policies of five yea rs ' standing not vo id in ca nes of suicide. Policies granted from 20/. to 5,0001. Special tables to suit th e working classes , +,-whom th : e advantage s of Life Assurance are at present almost wholly unknoWn. Medical men remunerated in all cases. Immediate, survivorship, and d e fb rre d ann uities and granted, and every other de scr i pt i on of r i s k contingent on hum, en a life. Loans granted on undoubted security of every descr iptiOn , p on upon ,endowin i ts mor e advantageous terms to the b orrower than i n ally other office,.._ and at one-half the customary ch arges. If on perstmal security the sureties must be resident in or near London. Claims payable three months after satisfactory proof .of death. Prospectuses and any further information may be .Obtained from the Manager. THE PASSIONS. " What passions hurt the body—what improVlN „,_ Truths as refined as Athens ever heard." let y i.;'`aaer : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to eld age. The advent lie.;4 l Ps.ssions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of 4 4 ,2 4 mess and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative, 'Medially.. Advocacy of early marriages. THE MARRIAGE STATE. 114Loo "Tobe or not to be, that is the question." th„, lialnn:—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re :egarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Ti xion, and me and ktlit t 011 both sides, as to age, temperament, comple "11' ,"' "cure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them. 44,44 eel defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion. , 7 1 , 0 1 m. "'• J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. ( 1827), L.S.A. tts 4 ). Atm It Twenty - five years Medical and Forensic Refere e in those - Reception boon 4aily till five. Zvaninsi. aay.n till nine. Regent-street. C. W. BEVAN, Rasidemt Manager. Gh ---- 1442 MERT ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY. , With Plain Directions for their Prevention and Cure. FIFTY COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL. It. v o, i lblished, in French, English, German , Dutch , Spanish , and - ‘ll Atm in a Sealed Envelope , 2 s. 6 d. , or post - free , fro m the for forty-two Stamps, 'r4 F-PRESERVATION; a q Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on tiltlaji:e'et Infirmities and Diso rders of Youth and Maturit y , tr„, ,actlnired at an early pe r i od of life, whieh destro y Cit it a B 'cal and mental powers , diminish and enfeeble the natural tt .s l / 4 !;. said exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical tit_atiens on tke certain Prevention and successful Treatment of ,:riet;'' Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis, 01.1 - ,, r at and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from India 7s,j. 4 8 adopted by Lalleraand, Ricord, and other eminent mem tqlstro_the faculty in France. With Fifty coloured Engravings, L . N11 1 , - „`" 1 11 the Anatomy, rhysiology, and Diseases of the Ite k_'ll eve Organs, explaining their strictures, uses, and functions, 'abiti` e various injuries that are produced in them by solitary ' eXemata, and infection. _BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.. k'etc, ?.. 27 . BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, tittriZ' Medtcine. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin -14, e LUonorary Member of the London Hospita l Medical Society, 4 4 t„- e4 7 , 4teotApothecaries' Hall, London, Member of the Hunterlau , society of Edinburgh, &c., &C. '4l .41 3 . 'work contains a plain and complete description of the ava- Physiology of the reproductive organs, and of their relative kfl E ,;' 4B in health and disease. The author, who has taken the 1:plhle - i7;!_aedical honours, as evidenced by the diplomas and testirno ,,ho ited in the work, is the only legally qualified medical man ti - j 2 s exclusively, and for many years, devoted his studies to ilt ap , ft traent of these complaints. He may be consulted ith ad- Zie.4 by all those whose constitutions may have becom e debill jLii.,'"gb secret practices acquired is youth, or by the excesses 44, Years, whereby the - pleasures of life are marred, the ob j ects 44 tain z "tge frustrated, and existence itself rendered a term of un erY and regret. - "'"ued by the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert , 49, rater r.ro_ liannay, 63, Oxford - street ; Starie , Titchborne - str eet, ; Gordon, 146, Leadenball - street ; Mann, 2 3; Cornhil l, zt , 4 4 ,. , D05t for forty-two stamps, from the author's residence, who _l loo i:ignited on these disorders personally, or by letter, daily.: r l4 nes sad trom till night. • 11 ~A. ;c:. - 4-U-113 THE GENERAL LIFE AND FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY, Established 1837. Empowered by Special Acts of Parliament, 3d Vic. xi., and 10th Vic. c. 1. 62, King William-street, London. And 21, St. David-street, Edinburgh, Capital, One Million. George Bousfield, Esq. Chas. Ilindley, Esiri , M Thomas Pipe -. M.P. r, E si. Jacob Geo. Cope, Esq. Thos. It. Simp se „ Thos. Challis, Esq,. and Ald. Esq John Dixon, Esq. Hon. C. P. Villiers M Joseph Fletcher, Esq. John Wilks, Esq. ' ' P ' Pan Richard Horner, Esq. Edward Wilson, PI N. The LADY DAY Renewal Receipts are no read , Y , or of mayy, an d may be had on applicat ion at the Head Offices of the w rn of its Agents throughout the country. In the LIFE DEPARTMENT the Company transacts all busi ness relating to Life Assurances, Deferred Annuities, or Family En dowments, upon the most liberal terms consistent with :sound princi ples and public security. LOANS granted on personal security, and the deposit: of a Life Po licy to he effected by the borrower. To all Agents, Solicitors, Auctioneers, and Surveyors., a liberal al lowance is made. By order of the Board. THOMAS PltI(.7E, Secretary. THE HUMAN lIAIR. ROWLANDS', MACASSAR OIL is justly renowned throughout the world for its remarkable virtues,, in nourishing, preserving, and beautifying the hum an hair. Its, operation in cases of baldness is peculiarly active ; so that, in numerous instances wherein other remedies have been tried in vain, ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL has superseded the ornaments of art, by effecting a complete restoration of beautiful hair. In the growth of whiskers, eyebrows, and mustachios, it is also unfailing in its stimulative operation. For children it is especially recom mended, as forming the basis of a beautiful head of hair, and rendering the use of the fine comb unnecessary. Price 3s. Gd. and 7s. ; or family bottles (equal to -four small) at 103. Gd.; and double that size, 21s. CAUTION.—On the wrapper of each bottle of the ;el mine article are these words in two lines, " ROWLANDS' MAUA SSAR OIL." The same are engraved oa the back of the wrapper nearly 1,500 times, containing W,028 letters. Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, HattoU-garden, J;.onalon, and by: 141 and rerfturica. a, the Forbe s , a ore eciall... l 'este" - e of 'y into ced b d i vale— Asr other ,'clocig. 1101 AI IOW); led bl k yes ger n afte r picor Glou: FanN turned _ o ffice Arai*. Who I Lice of r sdaY , Eleori ill hi ; en" imP" THE LONDON GAZETTE, March 21. DIVIDENDS. At the Court, Basinghall-street. R. Gadsden, Boughton Mills, Northamptonshire, miller, April 11, at half-past one—A. Black, Wellington street North, Covent-garden, bookseller, April 11, at eleven—T. Dalby, Hythe, Kent, builder, April 11, at one—W. Keeping, East -street, Wal worth, common brewer, April 11, at eleven—C. W. Macbryde, Watling street, City, wine merchant, April 11, at twelve. In the Country. J. Ings, Henley-in-Arden, Wirwieksbire, surgeon, April 14, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—C. Crudgington, Tipton, Staffordshire, ironmaster, April 14, at ten, at the Court, Birmingham—J. Smith, Rugeley, Staffordshire, money-scrivener, April 14, at ten at the Court, Birmingham—S. Amos, Hanley, Staffordshire, scrivener, April 26, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—J. Watson, Sunderland, ship-builder, April 16, at twelve, at the Court, Newcastle upon-Tyne—W. Hun, Stockport, draper, April 16, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—W. C. Williams, Accrington, Lancashire, draper, April 16, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—H. Crosby, Burnley, Lancashire, draper, April 11, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—J. Wyatt, jun., Milverton, Somersetahire, grocer, April 11, at one, at the Court, Exeter—C. S. Flood and H. E. Lott, Honiton, bankers, April 15, at one, at the Court, Exeter—J. Gilson, Leeds, woollendraper, April 14, at eleven, at the Court, Leeds—J. Dixon, Morley, Yorkshire, dyer, April 11, at eleven, at the Court, Leeds—J. Corbett, Llantillio Pertholey, Mon mouthshire, miller, April 17, at eleven, at the Court, Bristol—M. Buggeln, Liverpool, victualler, April 11, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—T. B. Golborne and A. A. Dobbs, Liverpool, wine merchant, April 15, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—J. Cheshire, Hartford, Cheshire, salt manufacturer, April 15, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—G. Charnock, West Derby, near Li verpool, baker, April 14, at eleven, at the Court, Liver pool—A. Brown and W. Todd, Liverpool, provision mer chaats, April 14, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool. PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS. W. Pit&ld, Tottington Lower End, Lancashire, bleacher, 35.11 ii., any Thursday, between ten and one, at the office of Air. Lee, Manchester. E. Boyce, Southam, Warwickshire, grocer, 2s. Bd., any Thursday, between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Valpy, Birmingham. J. Matthews and C. D. Matthews, Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, and Chipping Campdon, Gloucestershire, bankers, lid., on any Thursday, between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Valpy, Birmingham. T. W. Martin, Oxford, tailor, led., on Saturday next, and three subsequent Saturdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Groom, Abchurch-lane, City. B. W. A. Sleigh, Bedford-street, Strand, newspaper proprietor, is. 3d., on Saturday next, and three subse quent Saturdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Groom, Abchurch-lane, City. W. H. Pine, Honiton, Devonshire, maltster, id., on any Tuesday after March 25, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. . . J. Kite, Crewkerne, Somersetehire, wine and spirit merchant, Gs. Bd., on any Tuesday, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. W. J. J. Coall, Exeter, grocer, 2d., any Tuesday after the 25th inst., between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel xeter. W. G. W. Tayler, Tywardreath, Cornwall, surgeon and apothecary, 25., on any Tuesday, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel; Exeter. R. Lopseniore, Tiverton, Devonshire, scrivener, 2d., on any Tuesday, between twelve and two, at the office of Mr. llirtzel, Exeter. J. ominy, Sea, Ilminster, Somersetsbire, currier and shoemaker, 3s. 2d., any Tuesday, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. W. Humphry, Brighton, wine merchant, 2d., on Thurs day, 27th inst., and three following Thursdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, Basinghall street. A. Portway, Braintree, Essex, tea dealer, VA., on Thurs day, 27th inst., and three following Thursdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, Basinghall street. J, Roden, Stamford, Lincolnshire, draper, 51. 6d., on Thursday, 27th inst., and three following Thursdays, be tween eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, basing hall•street. J. Amos and C. Sutherland, St. Helen's-place, City, mer chants, 5-6 d., on Thursday, 27th inst. and three following Thursdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, Basinghall-streat. C. Wetherilt, Down-street, Piccadilly, ironmonger, 2id., on Thursday, 27th inst., and three following Thursdays, be tween eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, Basing hall-street. W. F. Fenton, West Smithfield, glass merchant, 5d., on Thursday, 27th inst., and three following Thursdays, be tween eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, Basing hall-street. J. Robson, Bear-street, Leicester-square, coach currier, 2 1 4 d. on Saturday, March 22, and three subsequent Satur days, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Edwards, Sambrook-court, Basinghall-street. J. Starkey, Old-street, carpenter, 35., on Saturday, March 22, and three subsequent Saturdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Edwards, Sambrook-court, Ba singhall-street. F. Dewey, Phoenix-wharf, Whitefriars, coal merchant, 2 3 % d., on Saturday, March 22, and three subsequent Saturdays, be tween eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Edwards, Sam brook-court, Basinghall-street. C. Houghton, Dudley-grove, Paddington, ironmonger, 4 1 ,4d. ' on Saturday, March 22, and three subsequent Satur days, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Edwards, Sambrook-court, Basinghall-street. NOTICES OF CERTIFICATES. At the Court, Basinghall -street. T. Evans, Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire, innkeeper, April 15, at two—C. Marsoa, Newmarket, livery-stable keeper, April 15, at eleven. In the Country. E. Leigh, Glo3sop, Derbyshire, cotton manufacturer, at the Court, Manchester, April 14, at twelve. CERTIFICATES GRANTED. H. Johnson, Bishopsgate-street Within, tea dealer and grocer, certificate of the third class—R. Northoven, Skinner street and Cheapside, lint manufacturer, certificate of the first class—F. G. Monsarrat, Cheltenham, wine and spirit merchant, certificate of the first class—J. Chisholm and W. Chisholm, Dorking, and of Ludgate-hill, wholesale perfumers, certificate of the third class—S. Willett, Cheltenham, plum ber and glazier, certificate of the first class —W. Goodwin, Macclesfield, manufacturer, certificate of the third class, after three months from March 19. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. T. Davidson, jun., and W. Lamb, Leeds, van-builders -F. G. Wadhams and T. W. Rymill, Thames-street, City, rag merchants—S. Whiteley and C. Nadin, Salford, Lancashire, common brewers—J. Davis, J. Saunders, and J. Hicks, Ox ford and Banbury, surveyors (so far as regards J. Hicks)—D. Fisher and S. Banbury, Pendleton, common brewers—T. Mitchell and W. Allen, Manchester, builders—R. C. John son, C. R. Filcher, and F. Hart, Greenwich, starch manu facturers (so far as regards F. Hart)—G. Morgan and J. Arnold, Bristol, bakes—H. Williams and E. Noel, City, sur veyors -J. Raistrick and B. Atkinson, Bradford, Yorkshire, tailors—J. Goold and G. Goold, Birmingham, jewellers—J. Strong and T. Strong, Crown-court,Cb an c ery-lane, stereotypers R.V.— Leach, H. W. Weod, and E. T. Jones, Glamorganshire, white lead manufacturers—E. James and J. B. Falser, Stroud, Gloucestershire, paper manufacturers—J. Ozanre and W. Hunt, Saint Helen's, Lancashire, surgeons—W. Evans, C. Rayson, and E. Dickens, Salford, Lancashire, uphols terers (so far as regards C. Rayson) -J. Webster and J. Roberts, Rawstenstall, Lancashire, builders—J. Raw, ani E. Taylor, Oldham, cotton spinners —T. Allen and W. Retort skaw, Crawfor I -street, trimming sellers—J. Por and T. Maddison, Darfield, Yorkshire, farmers—R. Stockdale and R. Alderson, Hawes, Yorkshire, carpenters—J. Dando and C. T. Dando, Bristol, hat manufacturers. INSOLVENT PETITIONERS. n i, , o U n : ni cu o l r m e: B D ir e m vo in n g sh h i a r m e, , fa g r a m s e -fi r. ttings manu- John facturer. Jun., Exmouth, brazier. henry Bishop, j, 9tsG ß o i o r d ch en , , B iu ir n m ., in i f i h rm am in , g b h u a i m ld , er c . lerk. Crest Yarmouth. Va W nn ° in n g s° , James Moseley, jun., Worcester, rope, twine, and bed-sack ing Edward Oowling, , Willi allatrow, Somersetshire, beerseller. Rev. John Fish, Thurstaston, Cheshire, rector of the said TRWhoi°blnileiram Sims, Urea manufacturer, , parish. John Sheldon, Lee Brook, Staffordshire, butty collier. John Sanger, Bristol, beer retailer and brewer. Michael Botting, Brighton, grocer. Alexander Gordon Rae, Bristol, linendraper. William Firkin, Great Bridge, Stqffordshire, grocer. Joseph Jeffries, Walsall, Staffordshire, bridle cutter. George Booth, Wednesbury, Sta ffordshire, shoemaker. Charles Godwin, Prescot, Lancashire, commercial traveller. Robert James Mackilwain, Gravesend, plumber. George Chatton, Gravesend, tailor. Mary Ann Bown, Stony Way-bridge, Derbyshire, innkeeper. James Stone, Castle Bytham, Lincolnshire, tailor. William Cowles, Monmouth, butcher. Richard Pugh, Penna-park, Herecordshire. Richard Whitehouse, Tewkesbury, boat-owner. Theodore John Townsend, Bristol, tailor. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATION S. J. Norwell, Glasgow, silk mercer, to meet within the Buck's Head Hotel, Glasgow, March 28 and April 18, at one. A. Gordon, Cocklarachy, farmer, to meet within the Royal Motel, Aberdeen, &larch 27 and April 17, at twelve. TO THE EDITOR OF THE S, Sut,—The currency promises or threatens to be one of the chief subjects, if not the principal, which will shortly demand the attention both of th'6 Legislature and the country. Your readers will approach this im portant question not altogether unprepared, thanks to your kindness and the lucid explanations you have so fre quently given on this vital topic. I trust you will allow me now to offer a further practical, and I hope clear, exposition of the manner and degree in which all classes have been affected by the workings, or rather derangements of the existing system, founded on autho ritative and indisputable authorities and calculations. I find in Mr. Johnston's' truly valuable work," England as it Is," the following striking statement as to the in crease mado in the national debt and private debts by the currency measures of 1819: g‘ in stock for 584,000,0001. in paper money, and then the Legislature made a change in the law which gave to the whole of the outstanding stock the' value of gold money. Thus the 57G,000,000/. of outstanding stock was enhanced from 30 to 40 per cent., or, in other words, in return for 396,352,207/., the net sum received from loans from 1794 to 1817, the nation is now boand in a sum equal to 768,000,0001. of the stoney in which those loans wero contracted. " The amount of private debt in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland has frequently been es timated, or rather guessed at, and conketure seems to range between the amounts of 1,000,000,0001. and 3,000,000,0001. To most persons this will probably seem—at all events at the first glance—an incredible magnitude of debt; but I think they who place the amount somewhere between 1,500,000,0001. and 2,000,000,0001. do not make an extravagant estimate. The amount of fixed property—such as lands, houses, mines, quarries, canals, railways, &c.—is actually returned to the Pro perty-tax Commissioners at about 90,000,000/. a year, which does not include Ireland. But suppose we take the income from fixed property at 100,000,0001. a year, I believe it is not going too far to say that one-half of it is tied up by mortgages, settlements, or incumbrances of one kind or another; or, in other words, the nominal proprietors of the property worth 100,000,0001. a year have to pay away one-half, in the shape of interest, or of annuities, to persons to whom they are, in some form or another indebted. In this country a proprietor, until absolutely compelled by the pressure of circumstances, rarely transfers any part of his estate to those to whom he is indebted, or to the children or other relatives whom he may desire to endow with fortunes. He leave. his estate nominally the same, but charges it with heavy sums of money which remain as debt, and upon which an annual interest or equivalent annuity is paid. Now if half the income from fixed property be thus disposed of, this 50,000,0001. a year may be considered to repre sent 1,500,000,0001. of debt or incumbrance, to say no thing of the large amounts which are lent upon personal credit, upon stock in trade, upon goods in transitu, and in all the various transactions of a treat commercial country. I exclude credits from week to week, or day to day, such as are adjusted by millions at the bankers' clearing house' in London; but referring only to those various debts, whether upon fixed or floating security, , which pay interest, I apprehend it is not an exaggera tion to estimate them at nearer 2,G00,000,000/. than 1,500,000,0001. When we add this to the national debt, we shall find an enormous sum of indebtedness of a fixed amount of money, from which we may infer the extreme importance to this country of any change in the currency. " Although they who took a principal part in the great currency change of 1819 did not contemplate an appreciation of more than 4 per cent., yet the result was an increase in the value of money of not less than 33 per cent.; and supposing the private debts of that period to have been 1,600,000,000/., the national debt being half as much more, the effect of the change of 1819 was to add to the actual amount of thee existing incum brance, public and private, as amount equivalent to the whole national debt, that is 800,000,0301." s Now, after perusing these very clear and distinct re presentations and calculations of Me. Johnston, let us look at the following statement as to the increase of wealth in some small classes, and growth of poverty and suffering in the great mass of the People, which are the natural consequence of the currency measure of 1819. Those measures having, as shown by Mr. Johnston, added not less than eight hundred millions sterling to the public and private debts of the country, thus aug menting to that extent the p ro p e rty of the richer, or creditor and smaller class, and impo s i ng th a t immense amount of additional burden on the poorer or debtor classes, being the great body of the p eople, including all the agricultural, commercial , manufacturing, and labour ing classes and population. Extracted from that ad mirable work " England in 1815 and 1845," by Mr. Alison, ono of the most distinguished emi nent authorities of the day; writers and publisheda by Messrs. Blackwood:— " What wo say is unparalleled in the history of the world is the co-existence of so much suffering in one portion of the people, with so much prosperity in another; of unbounded private wealth, with increasing public penury; of constant increase the national re sources, with constant diminution in th e com f or ts of a considerable portion of the community; of the utmost freedom consistent with order ever yet existing upon earth, with a degree of discontent which keeps the na tion constantly on the verge of insurrecti on; of the most strenuous efforts for the moral and religi ons i mprove ment of the poor, with an increase of crim e the same or perhaps any other period un p a ralleled at in any civilized state." " It is evident that there is in our present state some thing which demonstrates the existence of a great and latent evil, which poisons, for a large Part of our people, all our prosperity, and converts the fruits of industry into the apples of Sodom." That this great and latent evil bearing upon the great body of the people, has its origin in the eight hundred millions sterling, shown by Mr. Johnston to have been added to their public and private burthens by the cur rency measures of 1819. there can be no doubt. And this will be rendered still more clear, and the puzzling contrarieties pointed out by Mr. Alison still more con clusively accounted for, when we consider that the operation of our currency system has not been confined even to the process, monstrous as it seoms, of one change, adding eight hundred millions to the debts of the country, but that since the Bill of 1 819 was passed there have been no less than six contractions and expansions of the circulation; each altering tho value of money to the same extent of 30 to 50 per cent., and we have now just escaped from the sixth contraction, which took place in 1847, and have entered upon a seventh expan sion, which has caused the present partial prosperity. And now let us look at the following extracts from the Report of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce in 1839, showing fully and practically the severe and ruinous losses to which the commercial and manufac turing interests have been subjected by the fluctuations in the currency amounting, as shown at one single fluc tuation on the production of cottons, Woollens, silks, linens, and hardware alone, to not less than forty mil lions sterling, and the consequences that have followed to the merchants, manufacturers, traders, and operatives, and entirely confirming the statements of Mr. Johnston and Mr. Alison:— " By these forced expansions and contractions of the currency, during the last three years, some of the most prudent and wealthy of our merchants and manufac turers have incurred that ruin which in a more whole some and natural state of the circulating medium could befall only the reckless adventurer and gambler. Under such a state of things as has been described calculations based upon the most enlarged experience afford no secu rity against loss and failure. The trader learns the fate of his undertakings not in the markets of the world, as influenced by the law of supply and demand, hut in the acts of twenty-six irresponsible individuals conducting a joint-stock banking association in the city of London. "But the heavy pecuniary -losses incurred by our capi talists constitute a minor evil when compared with the moral and social injuries inflicted upon the labouring classes by the fluctuations in the currency. The board have directed their best attention to this part of the subject; the effects produced upon the condition of the great mass of the peopl©, by the operation s o f t h e B an k of England having hitherto been almost entirely over looked. " The late panic, by causing a diminution of our ex ports in 1837, as compared with the previous year to the extent of ten millions, and by curtailing proportionately the amount of our home trade, was accompanied by a corresponding cessation of the demand for labour. In the spring and summer of that year vast numbers of the * Mr. Henry Burgess, one of the best informed and ablest writers on the subject, the Secretary to the Country Bankers, stated, in a petition to the House of Commons, in 1849, the amount of bills of exchange alone at four hundred millions, representing of course a floating debt to that amount. "It is natural that disease and crime should follow in the train of so much suffering and privation; and ac cordingly the reports of the several medical charities, and the records of our * prisons, bear testimony to the fearful injuries inflicted by the money crisis of 1837. "It may be estimated, that in the production of the five great manufactures, of cottons, woollens, silks, linens, and hardware, capital, fixed and floating, is em ployed, amounting to a hundred millions sterling. The rates of depreciation caused by the late panic upon all those articles of production, may be gathered, without difficulty, from the prices current of the spring and sum• mar of 1837. They fell in price variously from 20 to 50 per cent. To estimate the amount of loss upon these manufactures, they must also be followed into the hands of the wholesale anti retail dealers, whose losses upon stock, consequent upon the operations of the Bank of England on the currency, are incurred simultaneously with those of the first producers. Scarcely one of these escaped in 1837, without the sacrifice of the whole of the ordinary profits of the year's trade; and many lost, by the fall i❑ the value of their stock, the whole of their capital also. In proof of the latter fact it must be stated that 1,839 fiats in bankruptcy were issued in 1837, the average of the four previous years amounting to 1,266 only; whilst a proportioned increase occurred in the number of private compositions. At a moderate com putation from twenty to thirty millions of capital may be estimated to be employed by the wholesale and re tail traders engaged in the distribution of the five great manufactures enumerated above. It has been shown how the policy of the Bank of England affects the foreign trader, by compelling him to import, at heavy sacrifices, the bullion required to replenish its exhausted coffers. Of all our produce and manufactures consumed in foreign countries, the greatest portion is sent abroad by British capitalists. Nearly the whole of our exports to India and China; at least seven-eighths of the amount shipped to South America, and a third of the exports to the continent of Europe, with the whole of our colinial trade, are forwarded by British capitalists. From thirty to forty millions of British capital thus enumerated are as follovvs:— Employed in the production of the five great articles of cotton, woollen, silk, linen, and hardware £100,000,000 In the wholesale and retail distribution 25,000,000 of ditto In the whole of the foreign commerce of the country 35,000,000 " Without embracing the less prominent branches of our domestic manufactures, including the trade in a thousand articles of daily consumption, and omitting the traffic in agricultural productions, all of which were more or less affected by the revulsion of prices, reference has been made to a capital of one hundred and sixty millions, upon which we may trace a tangible loss vary ing from twenty-five to fifty per cent. by the depreciations of value in the spring and summer of 1837. This sacri fice of forty millions at the least (and which constitutes a fraction only of the losses simultaneously sustained by the whole commercial world) was incurred in order that the Bank of England might regain possession of six or seven millions of specie, which had been previously forced out of the country by the undue expansion of the currency. "Hitherto it has been too much the custom to consider the question of the currency merely in its relations to the banking interests; or, if viewed with reference to the public welfare, it has been merely to guard against di rect losses by the failure of banks ; the far greater inju ries inflicted upon the community by the oscillations in the amount and consequent value o f a p a p er currency will, it is hoped, henceforth engage that consideration which they so strongly merit. " To this testimonial we must add the statement of Mr. Cobden, when examined as a witness before the Com mittee of the House of Commons, on banks of issue, in 1840, the spirit of which shows that he was fully con vinced of the sound principles contained in the Man chester report:— " I believe great evils have been occasioned to the trade and manufactures of this country in 1836 and 1837, and in the subsequent period, by fluctuations in the cur rency—greater evils, pecuniary, social, and moral, than by the direct failures of all the banks of issue since they were first exhibited in this country." We find the full confirmation of the statement of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, and the proof that the evils of which they complained have been rather aggravated than diminished, and the changes in the value of money augmented, in the following extracts from the Lords' Report on Commercial Distress, 1848: " Mr. Cotton states (3,246) that in his commercial ex perience he never knew such a fluctuation in the rate of interest as occurred in 1847. " Your Lordships will bear in recollection that the years 1837 and 1839 were years of peculiar pressure. " The following table, extracted from the evidence of Mr. Browne, exhibits the contrast between those years and 1847: Lowest rate. Highest rate. Difference. 1837 1839 1847 " lie adds, 'this does not give an accurate view of what the interest of money was in 1847, because per sons frequently paid a commission, which made it amount to 10, 20, and 30 per cent., depending on the time the bill had to run, and the pressure of money at the mo ment. The commission charged in 1837 and 1839, was by no means to the same extent. Tho Governor of the Bank states, that on the 23rd of October, 225,0004 was discounted by the Bank in the London market, at rates varying from 5i to 9 per cent.' Afterwards he added, in reply to the question, whether within his own expe rience, or within his own knowledge, he was able to refer the Committee to any period when the variations in the rate of interest were so considerable as they were during the period to which his evidence apdlied, I have no recollection of a period in which the variations in the rate of interest have been so great.' " "It is true that those who may have expected that the Act of 1844 would effectually prevent a recurrence of cycles of commercial excitement and depression, the contrast between the years 1845 and 1847 must produce a grievous disappointment. To these who anticipated that the Act would put a check on improvident specula tion, the disappointment cannot be less, if reliance is to be placed (as the Committee are confident it may) on the statement of the Governor of the Bank, and of other witnesses, that speculations were never carried to such an enormous extent as in 1846 and the beginning of 1847. If the Act were relied on as a security against violent fluctuations in the value of money, the fallacious ness of such anticipation is conclusively proved by the fact, that whilst the difference between the highest and lowest rate of discount was in the calamitous years 1837 and 1839 but 2/ to 24 per cent., the difference in 1847 rose to q. If it was contemplated, that the num ber and the extent of commercial failures would have been lessened, the deplorable narrative of the Governor of the Bank, recording the failure of thirty-three homes, comparatively in large business, in London alone, to the amount of 8,129,0001. is a conclusive reply. If the enormous extent to which railroad speculation has been carried be considered as an evil to which a sound system of banking could have applied a corrective, such a corrective has not been found in an Act, since the passing of which, during a period of three years, an in creased railway capital of upwards of 221,000,0001. has been authorised to be raised by Parliament ; and when the enormous sum of 76,390,000/. is stated, on high financial authority, to have been actually expended on railways in two years and a half. If the power of ob taining banking accommodation on moderate terms were considered to be promoted by the Act of 1844, it cannot be said "that this important object has been attained, since it appears in evidence that in 1847, in addition to an interest of 9 or 10 per cent., a commission was also frequently paid, raising the charge to 10, 20, or 30 per cent., according to the time which bills had to run." What commercial operations can bear such fluctua tions as those described; and what prudence can protect the merchant against them, proceeding, as they do, from changes in the value of money, and therefore entirely beyond his control? Now let us proceed to examine more in detail the real effects of these alterations in the value of money thus established and described by Mr. Johnston, the Man __ cheater Chamber of Commerce, and the House of Lords. When it is remembered that the alteration of not less than eight hundred millions shown by Mr. Johnston to have been made in the real value of the public and pri vate debts of the country by the Act of 1819 has been repeated at every fluctuation that has taken place, as shown and proved by the statement of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce in 1839, and the report of the Committee of the House of Lords in IS47—when it is remembered that this frightful and gigantic operation has been repeated every time the currency has been ex panded and contracted, is there any reason to wonder any longer at the strange calamities and contradictions, the alarming contrasts of riches and poverty, which the country presents? In 1822 the currency was contracted —in 1824, expanded—in 1826, contracted—in 1834, ex panded—in 1836, contracted—in 1844, expanded—in 1847, contracted—and now again expanding. At each of these changes an alteration of eight hun dred millions was made in the value of the public and private debts of the country! ! ! Is there any longer any reason for wonder at the astounding and portentous features that have been manifested by a country and a population subjected to such fearful operations ? And when it is borne in mind that the debts of the landed in terest, consisting of mortgages and family engagements, are the most permanent portions of the private debts of the country, and that Sir James Graham has stated that at least nine-tenths o' the landed property of the country is thus encumbered, is there any reason for surprise that the landed interest has exhibited since 1819 a downward tendency the most decided, as it has suffered most severely from the additional burdens thus inflicted ? And is it possible that these dreadful oscillations can be suffered any longer to continue ? Is it possible that i any Governm e nt, any Parliament , any individual Mem ber of Parli a ment, will bear the responsibility of suffer ing the continuance of these periodical revolutions of property? for no less a name can be attached to changes which at each ascent and descent affect the debts alone of the country to the extent of eight hundred millions sterling. During the war, and with the currency of the war, currency was again increased, the load of debt was relieved, and we again saw prosperity. In 1847 again the currency was drawn in, and we once more had to support the unjust addition of eight hundred millions to our obligations. Now the currency has been for some time expanding, and some degree of relief has been experienced. Now let it be observed that besides the original debts contracted before 1619, there are many new debts, and that all engagements, all leases, all bargains, that all new debts contracted at times when the currency was restricted, have been unjustly paid in money of a less value by 30 to 50 per cent., when the currency has been expanded, and that all debts, engage ments, leases, and bargains contracted while the currency has been expanded, have been unjustly paid in money of a higher value by 30 to 50 per cent. when the currency has been again limited. In the quotation which forms the motto to this letter, Mr. Huskisson has clearly ex plained why it is that the contraction of the currency is more ruinous both to individuals and the nation at large than the expansion, because its effects fall upon those ac tive classes who are less able to bear the pressure, and who constitute the true strength of a kingdom. This had been already shown by David Hume and Mr. Locke, who in passages familiar to your readers, have proved how an empire whose currency is contracted must decline in strength and happiness. When this is considered, is it possible to conceive a system more productive of ruin and injustice to every class at every one of these move ments of 30 to 50 per sent. up and down; and is it not the interest of every class that some fixed and settled system should be substituted to such a chaos of fluctua tion? Is it too much, again, to ask what Minister, what Government, what individual Member of Parliament, cognisant of this state of things, will remain responsi ble for its continuance? And is it surprising that the administration of the country should be attended with so much difficulty, and the formation of a Ministry a mat ter of so much anxiety and embarrassment? We see at once the cause why the national defences cannot be ren dered secure, the colonies maintained or protected, or even the present taxes endured. But we have spoken of the changes in the value of money as yet with precise reference only to the action of those changes on the amount of the debts of the country. We must advance further and expose the man ner in which all property and the condition of every in dividual in the country has been thus affected. We must show more distictly the full extent of the changes that have been produced by " that mysterious hand which placed on a resistless lever can raise or de press at will the value of all property and the price of all commodities." We must explain how it is that leases have been made " gambling speculations on the value of money," and the legitimate transactions of trade made hazardous and ruinous. Lot all men, land lords, merchants, manufacturers, tradesmen, farmers, and labourers, shareholders in railways, and those who toil at the:plough, the loom, and the :shuttle, consider these fluctuations in the currency, and then look back at the movements of their own affairs for the last 30 years, and they will see how it is that changes to them hereto fore incomprehensible in the value of their property and results of their operations have been effected. Let us first briefly recapitulate the results of the mon strous mutations to which we have already directed at tention as regards the debts.of the country. Mr. Johnston has shown that the private debts of the country amount to about sixteen hundred millions, the publics debt of the country to about eight hundred millions, making the total debt of the country about twenty-four hunred millions. Mr. Johnston has shown that by the currency measure of 1819 this amount of twenty-four hundred millions was actually increased in value from 30 to 50 per cent., that is, at the lowest estimate, not less than night hundred millions were, by the alteration in the currency made by the Act of 1819, added at one blow to tbo public and private burthens of the country. Since that time the currency has been three times contracted, three,times expanded. Each contraction has increased the debts of the country eight hundred millions at least; each expansion has reduced them again eight hundred millions. These six changes, therefore, have made an alteration of not less than forty-eight hundred millions in the debts of the country alone, that amount repre senting the changes of property that have been made between the classes of debtors and creditors alone. Let it be observed that the bills of exchange alone in circulation are taken at four hundred millions. Each change of 30 to 50 per cent. has altered the value of the bills of exchange in circulation not less than one hun dred and thirty millions. The changes have been re peated six times. Need we wonder any longer at the ruin of the commercial classes whose transactions are represented by bills of exchange? Mr. Porter estimates the value of the annual produce of the land at three hundred millions sterling. The gross value of manufactured productions is estimated by Mr. Spackman ut one hundred and eighty-seven mil lions sterling, making the total value of the annual pro duce of land and manufactures four hundred and eighty seven millions sterling. Let some bold arithmetician calculate the total amount of loss occasioned by the six changes altering the value of one year's produce only at each change not less than one hundred and sixty-two millions. And let not this statement appear exaggerated, for the Manchester Chamber of Commerce showed in 1839 a loss of forty millions sterling caused by one fluctuation in particular branches of trade. Need we wonder at the changes wo have seen in the circumstances of the farmers, merchants, manufacturers, and labourers of all classes? Look at the vast sums invested in railway pro perty, and consider the effect of these changes of 30 to 50 per cent. made in the value of that property by the alterations in the value of money, and we see at once explained all the ups and downs that have so much asto nished us. Consider the manner in which the fifty millions of annual taxes have been six times increased and diminished in value from 30 to 50 per cent., that is raised in value at one time to seventy millions the full rate of the war, by the contraction of the currency, at another time reduced to fifty millions again by the ex pansion 'of the currency, and we see at once why the revenue has so often fallen off and so often again improved. The value of that portion of real property only assessed to the income-tax in 1842 was calculated by Mr. Porter at two thousand three hundred and eighty-two millions. Six times has an alteration of not leas than one-third been made in that amount, each alteration being no less than eight hundred millions. But when it is considered that the income and the property, and the position of every one in the kingdom who has a shilling in his pocket, who earns a shilling, who owes or has a shilling owing to him, from the Queen on the throne down to the humblest of her subjects, from the revenue of royalty down to the wages of the poorest workman, has been at each of these six changes alter nately increased and diminished by one-third, at the lowest estimate, have we not at once before us the full explauatioa of the frightful and stupen dous phenomena of panics, prosperity, and pau perism, which we have witnessed during that period of thirty years in which these changes have been in action? We see at once explained the glittering masses of wealth suddenly tossed up on one side, and the obscure abysses of extreme poverty that threaten to engulf us on the other. We shrink from the calculation of the aggregate loss and the contemplation of the con sequent sufferings that have been thus occasioned. The first may, however, be counted, and wo trust the esti mate, however alarming, will be made; but who can form an appreciation of the moral and physical tortures that have thus been caused and endured? Need we be surprised that these tremendous changes have produced moral dislocations as astounding as the physical phe nomena which are produced by the convulsions of nature. Changes in the value of money, s the vital atmosphere of civilize d life, as are are as general and universal in their action any modification in the character of the airwe breathe. And when we consider that the people at large must come acquainted some day with the extent and nature of the destructive process to which money, the medium of exchange, which is the necessary element of their social existence, has been su bjected; that already this knowledge has been widely s pread, and that the great body of the productive po p u lation will soon understand the cause of the suffe rin g s they have endured,. and.know th e reason why — wou ld it not be wise, is it not, rather, , imperatively neces sar y , to consider, while there is yet I time to amend t he evil, and remedy the injustice, and guard against the recurrence of such calamities, before another convulsion may carry with it all that yet re mains of the tottering fabric of society ? Let the cur rency system of 1819 be promptly and decisively aban doned, and the country may yet be saved. And let it be remembered that it is nut proposed to change a fixed and settled standard and measure of value, but to abo lish a system of fluctuations which has changed the value of money six times from 30 to 50 per cent in the last thirty years, and to substitute a fixed and settled system, which shall give to money a regular and permanent value, which shall be sufficient in amount for the wants of the country, and possess, with sufficiency, that stability and security which constitute the requisites of the medium of exchange. It is no question of altering the value of money. The q uestion is to fix the value of mo ney. As has been s hown, every time the currency has been expanded the country has been prosperous, and the Acts of 1819 and 1844 have been in effect as much abandoned as if they had never been passed. The present partial prosperity is known to be mainly caused by an expansion in the currency, which cannot last under our present system. All that is rltcessary is to continue permanently that amount of currency which we have had at those times when we have enjoyed prosperity; and a nation that can find se curity for a national debt of eight hundred millions, can have no difficulty in finding security for twenty or thirty millions of currency. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, INDICATOR. P.S. I subjoin the extracts referred to from Mr. Locke and Mr. David Hume, with a passa ge f rom t h e ev id e nce of Mr. N. M. Rothschild, confirming by his practical ex perience the results of the philosophical observationsof the eminent authorities first mentioned, and I hope for these also you will kindly find space:— "In every kingdom into which money begins to flow in greater abundance than formerly, everything takes a new face; labour and industry gain life; the merchant becomes more enterprising, the manufacturer more dili gent and skilful, and even the farmer follows his plough with greater alacrity and attention. The good policy of the magistrate consists only in keeping it, if possible, still increasing, because by that means he keeps alive a spirit of industry in the nation, and increases the stock of labour, in which consists all power and riches.—From "Essay on Money," by David Hume. " It one-third of the money employed in trade were locked up, or gone out of England, must not the land holders necessarily receive one-third less for their goods, and consequently rents fall, a less quantity of - money by one-third being to be distributed amongst au, equal number of receivers? Indeed, people not per.;"" ceiving the money to be gone, are apt to be jealous, one of another ; and each suspecting another's in equality of gain to rob him of his share, every one will be employing his skill and power the best he can to re trieve it again, and to bring money into his pocket in the same plenty as formerly. But this is but scrambling amongst ourselves, and helps no more against our want, than the pulling off a s h or t cover l e t will, amongst children that lie together, preserve them all from the cold. Some will starve. unless the father of the family provide better, and enlarge the scanty covering. This pulling and con test is usually between the landed man and the merchant; for the labourer's share being seldom more than a bare subsistence, never allows that body of men time or op portunity to raise their thoughts above that, or struggle with the richer for theirs (as one common interest), un less when some common or great distress, uniting them in one universal ferment, makes them forget respect, and emboldens them to carve. to their wants with armed force; and then sometimes they break in upon the rich and sweep all like a deluge."--From Mr. Locke's " Conti* derations on Money." " If this country bas money in abundance, it will have all the trade frorn . the whole world; and if you make money very scarce, the trade will go to other countries." —Extracts from Evidence of N. M. Rothschild, Esq., before Committee of House of Commons on Bank Charter in 1832. THE DUTY ON PAPER. On Saturday a deputation of Members of Parliament and paper manufacturers waited on the Chancellor of the Ex chequer for the purpose of pressing on his attention the pro priety of removing the present duty on paper. The deputa tion comprised the names of Viscount Bernard, M.P., Lord Naas, M.P., Sir Lucius O'Brien, M.P., Captain Bunbury, M.P., Lieutenant-Colonel-Dunne, M.P., Mr. Reynolds, M.P., The L O'Gorman Mahon, M.P., Mr. Keogh, M.P., Mr. W. Fagan, M.P., Mr. Robert Keating, M.P.. Mr. E. B. Roche, M.P., Mr. O'Higgins, M.P., Mr. E. K. Tenison, M.P., Mr. Magan, M.P., Mr. P. S. Butler, M.P., Mr. Cowan, M.P., Mr. S. Fagan, M.P., Mr. E. Grogan, M.P. Mr. Martin, J. Blake, M.P., Mr. Fitzstephen French, M.P. Mr. R. O'Flaherty, M.P., Mr. M'Cullagh, M.P., Mr.E. Corbally: M.P., Mr. W. Goold, M.P.,Mr. John Cameron, Mr. Henry Jordan, Mr. Ingram, Mr. ourtenay, Mr. Alexander Thom, Mr. Wright, Mr. G. P. Barnes, Dr. Grey, Mr. Beaumont, Mr. John Kaye, Mr. Robert Heron, and Mr. G. Huggett. Mr. REYNOLDS, who introduced the deputation, explained that it was not composed exclusively of Irish Members, there being one Scotch Member present and some eminent paper manufacturers from Ireland and other places. Since they had the honour of their last interview with the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, circumstances had arisen which were:likely to involve the necessity of alterations to some extent in the financial arrangements of the Government, and they believed that the interval afforded them a favourable opportunity of pressing pgain upon the Right Honourable Gentleman the propriety of embodying in his Budget some measure of relief for the paper manufacturers. It was the strong and almost unanimous feeling of the Irish repre sentatives, without reference to politics, that there should be a total repeal of the paper duties.—(Hear, hear.) He re ferred to the numerous and influential petitions that had been presented from Ireland on the subject to the House of Commons, and expressed his conviction that by the repeal of the duty a great relief would be afforded to trade, and employment afforded to a vast number of the able-bodied population of Ireland. Ireland's poverty might, he said be traced to the want of employment, and it was therefore the duty of Irish Members to endeavour to remove every ob stacle that stood in the way of finding remunerative work forithe mass of the people. The duty itself was difficalt to collect ; it was out of the power of Government to prevent smuggling to a large extent. He thought the people of Ire land were entitled to some relief, though they were not liable to the assessed taxes, when so large a surplus of revenue existed, and he trusted that the Chancellor of the Exchequer would take the matter tnto his consideration. lalie H. JORDAN said, that the paper manufacturers claimed the abolition of the duty on very strong grounds—viz., that many years ago a Committee of the House of Commons re commended the taking off the duty on leather, paper and glass. From the experience of the glass trade he augured a large increase in the manufacture of paper, and in the employment given to the people when the duty thereon was removed.. The trades dependent on it, such as printing and bookbind ing, would also be greatly increased, as well as the manufac ture of papier nutche, which could be employed in a great variety of ways. They claimed relief not only on these grounds, but also on account of the vexatious and anomalous regulations to which they were subjected in the manufacture of an article which was an essential necessary to the social progress of the country.—(Hear.) Mr. Cot:it - ref:ay reminded Sir C. Wood that of all the manufactures carried on in Ireland that of paper was the only one that had maintained its ground—the woollen and cotton manufactures having given way. It was the more important to Ireland, because it went hand in hand with the flax trade, in which there was a movement at present to encourage its growth. Both combined would be the means of affording employment to a large additional number of persons. It was supposed, because all the rags were consumed at present, that the manufacture could not be increased ; but straw had been extensively used, and one man had arranged all his machinery to manufacture paper from straw, but would not take out a patent till the law had been repealed. Turf could also be employed for the same purpose, but the manufacture from turf had been discontinued—not because it had not been found to suit, but because a duty according to weight was heavier upon turf than upon the finest tissue paper. Mr. l'aGaw stated that in the county of Cork the expense of watching the manufacture cost more than the amount of duty paid, and he believel that in many other parts of Ire land the same thing occurred. He alio drew Sir C. Wood's attention to the amount of smuggling carried on. Mr. E. B. ROCHE, M.P., said that the refuse of flax could now be worked up so as to be manufactured into very good paper. Tow, which at present was only worth 41. per ton, would thus become worth 301. per ton. They were now cul tivating flax very extensively in the south of Ireland, and anything that would encourage that very important product was deserving of great consideration. Many of the paper mills were shut up from the extent to which smuggling was carried on. In consequence of the repeal of the corn-laws, the Irish millers had resolved on abandoning that trade, being undersold by the French, and thus a number of mills worked by water power would be thrown idle. What was required for the manufacture of paper was good water and good orate-rpower, and these existed in Ireland to an un limited extent. Mr. W. Gooep, M.P., said that at present the chief supply of rags to the papermakers came from Spanish South America, but if the flax movement in Ireland succeeded, they need not ge to a foreign country for that supply. Mr. GROGAN, M.P., informed the Chancellor of the Ex chequer that a new process for manufacturing a substitute for paper had been discovered which did not ccme within the , th t e h s e e r g ef e o n r t e l , em fr e e n e h o e f rdeugtuyl.atiLaswohfatthpeeEsixiceins7 therefore, mand wouldw as placed who, with every desire to obey the law, were placed in competition with the patentee of this invention ?—(Hear.) Viscount BERNARD, M,P., said that, notwithstanding the grea t distress existing in Ireland f o r the last few y ears, n one of the taxes repealed by the Legislature had afforded her any relief, while she had suffered from the operation of free trade much more severely than England. Mr. COWAN, M.P., pointed out to the Chancellor of the Exchequer that the permit system, which had been abolished so advantageously in the spirit trade, still existed and was found very objectionable in that of paper ; the manufacturers were made responsible for every label issued to them, and the detention and expense they occasioned were a very serious impediment to the manufacture. Where paper was ex ported all the regulations about labelling and numbering had to be gone through a second time, and the result was that the export trade in low descriptions of paper was also annihilated. (Hear, hear.) A French manufacturer a acture! had recently shown him a piece of paße e r, fr s e h m a d p straw. l in t all was s chest, which he called a cuirassc,mad strong and e s substantial, ueh aru cet and thegbh_h showedtehad no w th is e h va tO . h paper miht be applied. lie riety of purposes to w f t a np paper r boxes, iest: d o . f fwla wood.ich great The dvarietiesw ewerehowever, QT, Ill ne a e d d e o a n b ly roa i d nos upon straw imposed anadditiaonnd he frieoOaredortBhrt if some on the cost of the raw material, . steps were not immediately taken the Americans would Supply notOnlitE lliu theiorco,s,lonieS, but neutral markets.—(llear.) Mr. before the deputation withdrew, obs erve d that they confined themselves to urging the repeal of the paper duty, without expressing any opinion on the propriety of removing the stamp and advertisement duties. Viscount BERNARD, with reference to the number of Irish Members present (25), observed, that there would have been no difficulty in obtaining the presence of 100 of them, had their other engagements permitted. The assizes were now going on in Ireland. The CHANCELLOR of the 1 7 —XCHEQuEP.—WeII, gentlemen, I am happy to listen to anything you have to say, but I have nothing to say to you, as you must know.—(La u g hter.) The deputation then withd rew, M r. RETNOLDs thanking Sir C. Wood for the pati en t attent i o n with which he had received them. THE LLLNGHARNE POISONING Csszs.—Elizabeth Gibbs, late cook in the family of Dir. Severn, of Llangharne, was tried at Carmarthen on Wednesday, on a charge of having poisoned her fellow-servant, Rebecca Uphill. She was acquitted of this charge, but was detained to take her trial on an indictment charging her with having poisoned her mistress, }Sirs. Severne, but the evidence being of a pre cisely similar character, she was again acquitted. At the Marlborough-street Police-court on Friday, Richard Douglas, o f 6, Belgrave-terrace, who has also passed as C ap t a in Douglas and as :- ir Richard Douglas, was re manded on a charge of obtaining goods under false pretences. IE3 two sons have been for some time in custody, charge d with offences of a similar character. OUNDLE ; UNION BREWING COMPANY.—On Satur day there was a meeting before Master Richards, when Mr. Croxton sought to have a claim of I,oil allowed as a debt against the estate. From the statements of counsel, it ap peared that Mr. Crexten had becom e secur ity for the com pany in the sum of 1,0001., for which a suit was subsequently instituted against him, and he was compelled to pay it, and likewise the costs of the action ; these together amounted to 1,0511. Mr. Roxburgh, on the part of the official manager, Mr. Hutton, resisted the application. The Master dis allowed the demand as a debt, on the grounds that the deed did not confer upon the directors power to borrow the money; and that the constitution of the company could not afterwards be altered by a mere majority among the shareholders. NEW NOVEL BY MRS. TROLLOPS. Just ready, in 3 vols. post Bvo., SECOND LOVE; Or, BEAUTY AND INTELLECT. By MRS. TROLLOPE. Author of " Father Eustace," " Petticoat Government," &c. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. le Ist is re- 0,00 0 rived ;ailed vs in ive of losion ) per- je,9 Of oncur lition• imat e o ve9. T, the It AnY ptonol I been * aced air to 113 Ac• larket 21. itorile' d and i n the wards E the tes o f I con ; 13(4 itten7 a ad- I A to a pers e the first i t . ; Lila ex con- come lire rt of rent d b@ and ag of AND been orn liaVe le at the sent on- Vhig T he n of hare 401- port Ted [et nog the re the