The Sun. — London, England, 1851-04-25 00:00:00

ret AVESEND STAR PACKET S. Fie Cabin and .Second_Class Railway NLNEPENCE to or from' Land TT and Gravesend. moon and /To Cl ditto, ONE SHILLING. /To o om Blackwall. are Cabin Chief Cabin.. • • gd. • In rm e tdiate Piers ........ 6d. et* Th t u packets call at the Grays, Greenhithe, and Purfleet PierS. rackets call at the Piers as underlined (weather permitting). TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND. WBLY PAYS. I SUNDAYS. koshr. Me. Grays (3i h r r . e. Fur fleet 'Time Reshr-' Grays Green- Par ville. hithe. fleet 7 12 bbl 11% 5 (th Tr.,„ Oin t ub u frsm the Boats marked t Only e seri f rom Fenekureh-street Station to all parts of London Zuutr of an hoar. "AuX BD , -.I:7I.ISNVICR WHARF. BLACKWALL, on the arrival of Trains from the Fenchurch-street Station. _ . Nv ullL__)Al.B. SUNDAYS. T Par- GreenJ , I , Roshr- Time ' Par-,Green- Roshr• 14 I t• fleet hi the • Gra, '" flee t hithe. Gra " ville. • villa. , i. , ............_ 914 ---- ---- --, -- 12 10 ! -- —j 11 ——l—2 ' N• ..." --- I 3 1‘ sy, —• --.....,......... n., IIO AT mr— refuges marked * are run direct. Pazsages marked * are 1.1;10AT CRETg.—Twelve Months, 41. Dae"ts; SIO T nths, 11. fo s.; to be had of the r Mr. Monk. TerraGe Pier. Gra, .1 8411e rlor Steam Packets for Excursions tit, Star % Fenchurch-street Tern Odlel '. 4s. ; Six Months, gi e Collectors on boa ivesend. _ , apply to Mr. W. ninus, Blackwall ERN COUNTIES RAILWAY. pPOTt I f!,, E ,E,TING of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION for the t r, llv• - .-. 4- "'N of AGRICULTURE, April 29, 1851. of the CRYSTAL PALACE by her Majesty the Queen, Tick e , May I, 1851. very li be issued for the Journey to London and back at 2AH, NCIIt rOL IT tr e4I) FARES, as follows " vcr '. l l B 4 l3 l 4n r: D ISTRICT.—By the Last Up Train on Monday, the ~_1 41 110, E. ,,A , ,,( 31, PETERBOROUGH, CAMBRIDGE, and NEW . - nt 4-4 D ISTRICTS,—By Special Trains on Tuesday, 29di in coteue In London at 10 30 A. 31. b OX, DISTRICT.—By the First Up Trains from MAL -tlY3t 9 - T_ III REE, and COLCHESTER, due in London respec „ ilelzet a and 10.5 a.m. lityb y b y the above Trains will be available for the Return Joni , g. -Peel le Trains any day up to and including Saturday, the 3d 411 Va ra fita. tth ti e o r n i s )a rticulars, application to be made at any of the Com • By order, C. P. RONEY, Secretary. t*N tlx 1 ti% ix ILX --- • coaat,roo and Fi'otit abroad rters of whea t ; ,t 298 quartet ° 'France, slog ,Duntry. Frenc h .n retail during cf importance eratet ,y- we at t gil -ail este, vi was the W I ; Ivaoce of 6 d P."'„ brough t [ndtau corn 011. s a short saPP I Y , s about the sof_ 22.—There 10_ win neigh/W I : II* orllent conditur sver shown i°_,?! e average._ I°_,°. plenty a Pur i t and. store caln7 about the Fa tid in the WO°U p i gs , 7s to O s l id 14lbs. Hides, 1 0 t° Os ; barley 2 Dotter r quarter. Od, to la " oa ts 12s to to 48s, red re slo.o ; barley, extra 005; u•:.; 1325 to 345, nor 6s per qr. AA, old 40s tO )ats 18s to roi l per lb ; e g gs - - 3 385 40s to 416 :3. Our suPP lies o , week, but !argt and prices ratitfis a3t week , °l o gs and the aT 7 d rage th e ave id clO lOl rerag e Is rs oats, and le' lb. 440 od, lb. 30s 65 ,1 ill). 245 o_, lb. 325 uu,,,b e f 23.—Tbe au' r i c e eek. Top P or i ) od • s o , ,s eco cies, stone. !ep . this rolot price of the lor 'wes and /af r o, '2os to 26 3 a Pe )lbs, brough t ot ; 56i1bs, 131. _ o fbs g br ° b D i s d peas, 104 1 w- CurreneP ,ns OOs Od-- -2° , 5 OOs Od-- 20 7,,, ) 00s Od-- 16 "- 00s Od 00s Od-14 0, 00s Od per e'rt - ,0 beret 28 °Ol Id last week : ' • Pigs, 36 . 1 ... g April 19. Cows, 1 06 ‘ ; 6(11 ; extra IA: to e/ Od; thirds, u / be aV 6d to 8s Od; pel 5s Od to 71 e 1541 5 :30s to 40s; av . Straw.--Fnd; 55 Oel to 40# co; loaf bid to butter. 1.00 lundred• is ; Neath o ft 40r P et 00 I gallon. 4,4 'd; te veal r lb Lusages b d it 2s 6d to 3 6 veY - 15/ tool; F o r. B/ 2, 0 , I to 155 per .."-0,6 igs 195 to °Olt 101 105 to l ` eI P e, 31 100 k i i tio , .r 100. il l is , cwt ; calf s • ► 10d ; a l *' 9 /00 haboe, 81 to itKETS' irm and active to' lreat Westertl; d Dover, 2 , 1 3 th nd Blackviaot is. v thin i ni pro • e e at y e sterday '.ow: —East 1 15 —London d. rs, 5% h British, .100 and Birmll 3 ,, s g u t i i . I:p 4 da.---01111 firol 4. was less The tran„r ashire, and and Birkenh IV; don and 11 . e f t ° 0 ingham a, ck, and Mic 11141 34 ,lnshire, Ne4i, Dover, 2° 4. foe ted to-day - dia. to-day vie . re o, —North I m " 6 per cent., 'URNS. or f traffic for D 57 3 8 164 17 8 $Ol6 miles.)-11. 365 6 6 220 11 9 585 13 3 150 3 71 PAY....Trafge ?.84 4 4 11 19 5 19.10 0 ?59 710 )75 1 7 , 17 15 6 .110 ° ' Innarms - cOO % ie week erl :61 6 11 68 10 10 29 17 9 01 7 2 o f ted.)—Raturii , 63 7 fk 07 5 4 70 12 104 00 15 11i O f in charge so d )intlnemt a ds and obotirlitd Vorthens E 4 1(3: dated, Ag r :or in which n" to !gest seri - lc:0 cially as re# ifs permittecip ti f e li we been en v , of lout a supP te d ustly celebrasio D rug gists,„ brand, Londo n 00 of John lisgler one, near P ale, a-park, tbe Aifs rde-park, St 3. rap fi Spare, ?Miller 4 - I*- rtet nr ir to W. b ;amp ell, SO' mix°, -- e vi dger ge, h Cani", — , i net Ibe Jou" „ ; of h H. ij,ge., lugh StePbeeyri: ion. J. 318° 03 . of Marsbo ea the 0000 Regent's-P0.14 0 Arrow s— • widow of °lis Garnier, to est son of bi t ' YOUS - ' No. "af .11.38'00443tY tl'BlloPligate Station, April 23, 1851 SOCIETY of PAINTERS in WATER p COLOURS. 4t their si/ IY - SEVENTH ANNUAL. EXHIBITION WILL OPEN, — `` r Y , 5 . Pall-mall East, on AU )NDAY, April 28. Admittance, One Shilling.— Catal ogue , Sixpence. GEORGE FRIPP, Secretary, 11 4'0)&1 , 1--ANT NOVELTIES ON AND AFTER EASTER I% AL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION t e Rotation of the Earth De nonstrated by Foucault's re tericaperttnents as exhibited at the Pantheon in Paris.—An His an4ed . r u le on the Harp, by Frederick Chatterton, Esq., with arPa - y - ,. s . nstrutnental Selections from the Bards, assisted by Miss ef u ng, B.A. or Music, and illustrated by Drawings of the etratiNations.—Lectures on Chemistry byJ. H. Pepper, e XPeri nl ng us the nature of Flame and Explosion, with brilliant NAo seentkLeetures on Natural Philosophy by Dr. Bachhoffner. ien e s I.i es , of Dissolving Views :—One series entirely painted by Op ' l nith, Esq., &c., &c., 11 ev elf- Pri morning and evening. , —Admission, Is, ; Schools, att The G e ' siv ntters' Associ a ti on are no w fitting up in the Institution ~, ,, e ot ioe series of Apparatus, Burners, &c., to ilavtrate tae 'nettip,zni:l A pplication of Gas for Illuminating, Culinary, Heating, and Manufacturing purposes. E x „ ' t -,--. - ___ ir3 IT I 0 N, 1851. —Home Everywhere. At tz SIt!j4IVI TENTS for the MILLION, N , M rquee TenA Warehouse, 208, Flag, and Rick . attuf a ' ce Ad; ,, actoryED, 2, j Duke•street, Southwark. ,_Th, f' -°,Y. .",. ,4111 t by 22 ° Willg second-hand Marquees to be sold reasonab le:-230 4 ; -180 feet by 40-120 . feet by 33 —and 150 feet by 28. tt.talat Tents Iltted u complete. 1 3 04 Ltaber of second-h p and Rick-cloths in good condition , with .c., complete. t tti APPITI3TittiTyI4)TESTI(6II3I.6RS9aDIiSHIRE anSPICE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops zed b;,", east and Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and baled PerkfoiEatonie and invigorating properties enables the stomach to Th . " 4 „,, 71 -ngest the food. Iniari,_Y use of thi s arom atic and delicious Sauce is the best safe tiold L° health D 4, • Proprietors Lea and Perrins, 6, Vere-street, Oxford tl% Undon, and 68:Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs. kd Y and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other Oilmen %lee. "c hants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in u - T pi,,,,e_guard against imitations, see that the names of " LEA are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle. Et tn IMPORTANT TO READ. . 'ANCE AND ECONOMY_ COMBINED, AND SILVER ONE PAYMENT FOR THE WHOLE OF LIFE. THE RAILWAY ASSURANCE COMPANY, for granting Assurances upon Payment of a Single Premium against Loss of Lite or other Personal Injury arising from Railway Accidents. Incorporated under the Act of Parliament, 7 and 8 Vic. cap. 110. Capital One Hundred Thousand Pounds. Offices, No. 5, St. James's-street, London. DR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS. To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho; i 47, Fleet-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author , glee Ono Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d. ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. "Iloalth, Recreation, and rational Use of Thnc." CONTENTC—EarIy Rising-spring and Summer Mornings—Ex surslons about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills, Ooreats, Fields, Righ-roads, and other pleasant places—Country flips and Rambles—The Sea—London at Night—Evening. at Rome —Music—The Drama--On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air, zest, Ease, Occupation, &c., &o. SUPERSEDED. Nos. 41 and 42, BARBICAN. SEND EIGHT POSTAGE STAMPS, and by C 4 , return, and post free, you Will get a handsome teaspoon of fotVgtLEs WATSON'S SOLID ALBATA PLATE. beautiful material has now enjoyed an unparalleled success 1011 years. It has survived all other solid substitutes ; has gone eircuit of the globe; has been tested for its sweetness and in all climates, for every domestic use; and, however uto it may appear to the sceptical reader, C. WATSON stakes his 14,ation on its possessing all the essential attributes of silver, both Oar and sweetness. 44'2 e stablishment also contains every article in electro-plate. from 4 44 74 neat and simple to the most costly and recherché. Knives llew.,, °ll rs. Paper Tea-Trays, Dish Covers, and an endless variety of kt v , t$ Plate. Good Strong Electro- Fiddle. Fiddle. Threaded. plated E hread Fidd e. lectro- Ted. . --- -- Doz. Doz. Doz. Doz. Doz. Z‘bi . s n e. d. s. d. s. d. S. d. s. d. '41 % - v"ils • 16 6 21 0 30 0 45 0 63 0 bt__F‘ork s .. •166 210 300 4.50 630 13 gpoo ** t ltse rt t , , 1 16.. 12 6 16 6 25 0 36 0 43 0 —ll 4 oo °l.l 's •• 12 6 16 6 25 0 36 0 42 0 A, 56 80 136 180 380 1 11 4 ,,,WEDIjr, RING AND A GUARD RING for 215., both of eirm_ ung gold and s t ampe d. P ar ti es at any distance, by cutting 41. 0 fi le of their finger on a piece of card, and enclosing it with a NSis Order, will have them sent by return of post. Ind -.yes flreeable and pleasant mode of purchasing these arti a pee,,,old Chafe for either Lady or Gentleman, weighing half an ti lt N t i*, an ounce, 80s. 011 41 , 11 elv e i —T IIE PATENT CANDLE LIMPS have obtain=d for deserved and unrivalled superiority, and reasonatdy so. ,q ll , lll C..!qe most offensive to the smell, and the eph , meral Cam 47:rnek smut and unwholesome effluvia as to injure health B ce., whilst the Candle Lamp is inodorous and pure. n'ATSON invites the public to an inspection of the ii.` ° 26B. er Y variety, commencing with the Queen's Lamp, from five , the mid size, from 12s. to 355. ; and the magnum, from "ine as• Candles for the above at the lowest price in the 081 ""A'XION k u st , SERVISTS of all sizes. ‘ I ,ED in 1795.—Address, 41 and 42, Barbican. kh h , vatc, ' Shippers, &c. allowed a liberal discount. Id of . seat post ' free. All goods exchanged if not ap . Carriage paid to any part of the kingdom ---_ tttit GREAT ' it td th ink ? t, houses tr )to ta _ an make a mystery of their business, and one leir,,,, h 'ntsei v ,t eY were in possession of some great secret, that none Nat' ty• ste " must know. We see nothing in fair trading that re ‘ttloctl ,12"-rre understand no trade secrets—all we know our i _etr t , t : . nv w e e 3 ' know, for we desire to be candid. Everybody won ! tio „%le th e , ul sell good articles so cheap. They can all understand nie..'"llicid,..," PSoPle can sell cheap when the articles are bad. There 7; ''.' m corn h • „,. h Lwet 3 , at ti t . _ Pre . ndin, ow common things are sold at low t ,7e. „, et ~ wonder is how we can turn out Clothes of the bes "ely "e do i t " T nall prices we charge. We hesitate not te explain N at t.. e • First we buy very large quantities of material, not It to_ tt first k eit: e c,Bl l P r ice, but often at considerably less than anybody w., lee li. e3' because we buy more largely than anybody else can. , t 4-41 in ', an Ira h title th e t mense number of first-rate hands, who are equal we,Lete pio.... trade in the quality of their work, and these are con- Ill'e-hZttestead':! all the year round. Thirdly, we employ a number of d tk e s e „ ad th , and talented cutters and fitters in the kingdom, an wee„ .. .ret.__,, e work o arselvess upon the promises. But, after all, there %Air, 4 E el i . sotriething which enables us to sell a better and . a 'NI Ineat e el a than anybody and that is, we are content with k eten jll4 lLi t tuak t t l P g a tithe grand ' secret. We fear no competition in tZ l ble ' sad et.',"'" rolling. Our clothes are equal in quality, re Pric e. jie to those ior which most tahors charge more than : 4 1 41,0,!rant ate ' e ne vast business we do renders our small profits far q ,i,-e4t nn ,.s than other people's large ones, and with an . es -1 e i ta ere ever ..2nlled in extent, in convenience, and in situation, il, i 'as th in th e ` Y . Tt _capital that will always co . mmand the best bi R': et Wh ele t "reet at the most favourable prices, we can cs - 4,0 d n ._ e 0 „„„, trading community to produce goods at the price Ved t - ", Ott ; i e "'"lY which we are selling hourly. We only ask those iel fi e, ti l:re a, r rsit either of our establishments, and inspect the 4 44 4 4114 4'with °t ask them to buy, they may do that at some future o ti ed , but we do earnestly desire to make every one '" this l our establishments, and our mode of doing business; • expression °four wishes subscribe ourselves, b itlidsorrie E. MOSES and SON, &c. tif ll le e Almanac, for the year 1851, can be had gratis, on tatL ti t 1 ew editi application. •,r Mt 1,,, °n of " Everybody's Book, containing a fall report k Itt ' Don i7epotalit trial, may be had gratis, on application, or by tt kt 0 13 , 5 8 e a „ . ~, 1, ,, 0e,, - tor t d - ' SON have no connexion with any other house in ieon c lity ° t n, except the following :- 1,4 0 4, 34 ,_ ,1 86 41,, t ahlishreent, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minories, 83, ,a, i,,.. 1v . 4 4 "gate, opposite the Church, all communicating. fir.,,rt,,,,rend Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2, ;viz rd "":vee all communicating. k 41 . 1 0 'l4 11r? r kshire" Branch, 19, Bridge-street. ske,..te, 01,7,,i1, 36, Fargate. e1...........au e 4".0. (l e , ni, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and 5h0e ."4.1, 1 4 , blj e l,. -e ral Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen. When 1..;,,..,__ente are closed from sunset Friday to sunset Sa le' p„,7sees is manned till Twelve o'clock. .141e t .",.. 4 Dude Francaise. Qui si parla Italian°. 1. , „ °Nicht man Deutsch. Aqui se habla Espanol. ‘• ~.._--------_____ ",44,t "1e,.... THE SECRET INVIRMITIES OF YOUTH V ntb . p, AND MATURITY. i lli ,mtplri'rein Directions for their Prevention and Cure. L e llie ; 111 4t; C , ) ._LoURED ENGRAVINOR ON •ATEEL. S‘titt e ill t : ..'• French , English, German, Datch, Spanish, and t . for t•L' e siea tnvelope, 2s. 6d., or post-free, from the L p" 1- tY-two stamps, °t144 ukt i 4, 441 41,,... 11 RES ERV ATION; a th e y t / Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on -el& Yet air ed Icil ties and Disorders of Youth and Matur i ty , 06 - 3 t, esti end i,t as early period of life , which destroy e,..7 r es e itl i 4 exh llle ntal powers diminish and 'enfeeble the natural g ;) - 4N ,s weh e exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical treTit e. 73 ebint y ne ,Fertain Prevention and successful Treatment . of 4 4 0 e, and at , D a , ocal and Constitutional Weakness , Syphilis, 14 tst• ° :. : i l e.dolited .iseases and Derangements resulting from Inolis m.yeti e reeuit....oY Lallemand, Ricord, and other eminent mem lhekt}:g th e ,e,ht France. With Fifty coloured Engravings, 1 4 1 .411, ...! Org,,„" a tonlY, Physiology, and Diseases of the Re 4. i t i l trioni - I.:, ex Plailling their strictures, uses, and functions, cee ka, _"_•.atriles that are produced in them by Solitary an ttfectina. 4 ?eict,_ tr, t 'I SAMUEL LA'MERT, M D ° sg, I l mt tedl,,,,_ I ) F 0 P D led 'et 'lto "..i. Moth "r AR E, LONDON. ~ ,T 4l ll cal Roe, DOthecaries' Hall, London, Mel a no r „.. culaMember ef the University of Edln -1 . 1 110/ .4 . ..enther of the London He it 1 di 1 S cie b e er M ef e tbe ca mtn o 'Any 'Wo rk ety ei ,, L , -c , dinb %;:kt 'tea contai n urgh, &c., &c. teri tY an ir ~.. , ~ 1,6 biology s a plain and com let d ~,g ig laci r as f t , of the reprod P e escription of the aria ;Ala ii ntedi e lTilth end disease T b tive organs, and of their relative the ter,t'ft honours, as evidenc d The author, .who has taken the tr '44 ee. the work, is the e by the diplomas and testimo ti.4 tmlentitsively, _ for only legally qualified medical man ,ted to by of manyth eee " n eo u main years, devoted his studies to p i g telltsegh ethos Whose constitutions may bo consulted a ith ad tieZt.tii Yee n, wret Practices acquirediemay have become debili 14c an „ _ thereby the pleasures of lit 3 ' rou h, or by the excesses kt,:, blit;,l_.'ll,i rted, and existence it e are marred, the objects 444:rkr_ei;`,,I7 to regret. self rendered a term of un t_ `,,t row ~Y ,___'n Author, and may be had 'J. ' h e Zket ; ( 1 7 1 . 1.n a sY, 63, Oxford-street; Sta o ri ' e G T i i lbert, 49, Pater r,l4 3 'l' l :lnt r. '") 1 46 Le , tchborne- street, t P t% ° Mate r fertY-two. s. a adenhall-street ; Mann, 23, Cornhill, - tell toi t ni t InPs, from the author's residence, who . .. e„... on theSe diserde "' 441/111113 8 1 i tal eight, re PerSOnally, or by letter, daily, ........_ __ . _________ . - - • • A *: , • - . ~,,-; 4, . .._. ~ , 74 . ' ~.-.. ~.---, ,•.„..,„ • . 0 • 1 4 . .. •,. . •,.,, . - • • . . 44' ~, 0 ,4 „ :_,% „.„---!!!..7: 4 •••;.. 4 .• / t ',-.; ' , t4 , - ' , 4.1"if.. - 4'' „,..,ra- ,'") .. - •,, 4 ~ • . ~ 7 - -- 7 , --- - , ,; •. 4 .. _ _.:___) . k 5.c..„ , , : t. 1p ' • . • '•', • --..- ~. . o.ii r . A .. ''''ltt ' - 4 - , , . .i , , 1 At ->. fi S-t-.-_, - !_ • "P • * •11' 1 1 : / , ' .--- '''' Af , ,'-'' -,.... , . - . ,f' . , / , S •ba4 T --- - - 4 ,e1h4, i ; . ... ~ .. 1 .4" , -.— I, '7f-: •—• 'p , , ' . ....9.5t5. '''' ,-, - I - •‘' ..,/' . \ .4,', ' ,'/'' 0 4, I i ,', ~ .. x . ygr„ . . : NI ~ ~,,,, ..„.....if ,\ . ) ',i : .. • 7 .-z.'t :.. - 4- • ';)'''.: ' , t Yk , . ; ,,-,-, a -,- ...;,,,...,,, , e _„;,,,- . - , ~1 ~w.o. • ••., ',- -...*--• ' ) 4 ,, ~, : -„,'-' ~ ", - . • , - ''''''. .. ..s' 0 1 1. ti i11k,,.. \ ' . --s-- ' 1 4. ' ._..., , , 4 - , ' 11111 C::, .. , 7 14,, ,,-, + 14' 4• "' ' 1 7'..),:. .t.: li' i ;.,*--. • ,''' - t• ..• -, i , ,li V. 4 1.1 , -.4 -, --...-- - ''o I , ..: Ikit, . ' , Nig , _— 1' ~,, ',.._. "• 11 - - 1 6,0 31 b ''• . .41V '' , Opp ``' .-,, ). N . ,:: 4. lii,"..', DIN , ..,-1.4,-,s -"111,1*1 '4,7 4 : - .., 4 4;;.e.z . ..i.,._ .444D1T tY,46.. . • [PRICE SD. .. ~ i LONDON, FRIDAY f rs :) ING UN APRIL 25, 1851. 7 NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE AND EQUITABLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES 26, CORNHILL, LONDON. DIRECTORS. t * T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman. *W. A. B. Besinett, Esq. *John Rawson, Esq. 'Hugh Croft, Esq. *John Shaw, Esq. tElliotsoa, ILD„ F.R.S. t*Edmand S. Spnes, Esq. *Ralph Gough, Esq. t*Clement Tabor, Esq. *M. C. Maher, Esq. t Joseph Thompson, Esq. *John Moss, Esq. t*Augustus Vigne, Esq• AUDITOR. f Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S. PgrsICIAN. V. Ellioteon, 3f.D„ F.R.S„ 37, Conduit-street. SURGEON. t * E. S. Symes, Esq., 77, Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-Square. ACTUARY. t * W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., &C. SECRETARY. *D. T. Lyons Clanchy, Esq. SUPERINTENDENT. *W. A. Hawkins, Esq. BANKERS. t*Messrs. Glyn, Militia, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street. SOLICITORS, 'ows. Sutton, Ewens, Ommanney and Prudence, 6, Basinghall street. *W. Tatham, Esq., 22, Throgmorton-street. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE =ICE. CAPITAL-500,000L The WITHDRAWAL TABLE of the Society affords to the As sured the greatest possible present and prospective advantages that can he conferred by Life Assurance. On this Tab'e the Assured is entitled, at any time, to receive at interest an immediate advance, to the extent of one-half the amount of the paid annual Premiums, without security, personal liability, or deposit of the Policy, but by simple endorsement thereon ; or the half Premium may be with held during the whole continuance of the Policy. Also, in the event of the Assured at any time not requiring to continue the Policy, on its surrender one-half of the annual payments will be returned by the Society. Lapsed Policies may be renewed without fine, on proof of health and payment of arrears of Premium without interest. Notices of Assignment of Policies registered and acknowledged, so as to make them available as securities in the hands of third parties. Ne Entrance Fees or any other charge beyond the Policy Stamp. The present nnual income of the Society from Premiums is 63,0001.; trie amount covered by the Policies of the Society Is 1,781,5801.; and the reserved profit, applicable to future bonus to the Assured, amounts to 82,4541. ss. 6d. At the last annual inves tigation, reported in May, 11450, the bonuses declared to the As sured were, the option of a return of 15 per cent. on their Premiums in cash, or a reversionary addition to the original sum assured by each Policy varying from 20 to 65 per cent. ETA aIPLES OF BONUSES ALREADY DECLARED. I Perms. Annual i 4 - Policyl Bonus in .. nent Re- Age. 0,. ' r Pre- i taken addition Bonus in duction of - minas. !ant in' to ,itua Cash. Annual 1) Assured. Premium. —— A 0. il. A s d. A s. d. 1837 292 6 9 139 16 9 22 13 1 1833 I 267 11 4 126 17 2 19 19 7 1 1839 241 18 6 113 17 7 17 8 8 X 4 s.d. 1840 193 12 6 93 16 8 14 010 .30 tOOO 74 34 1 1841 189 12 6 89 510 13 811 i 1842 162 16 8 76 18 4 11 8 3 1843 115 10 10 55 10 10 8 110 1844 77 19 2 38 15 10 59 11 1845 66 15 0 44 10 0 410 1 Extensive Travelling Leave granted without extra Premium Moderate extra Premium for Residence in Tropical Climates. EQUITAELE FIRE OFFICE. Capital-500,0 001 . (I ncor porated under 7 and 8 Viet. , cap. 110.) The leading principles of this Oflice era—Moderate and equitable Pates of Premium for each class of risk—Annual division of Profits. The difficulty of collecting the elements on which to proportion rremium to risk in Insurance against Loss by Fire has been so zreat, that the rates at present char g ed are more the result of guess than calculation. It has been found by experience, that the total annual losses of the •iifferent Established Companies have not been proportionate to the ameunt of annual Premiums received by each. It is of the highest importance, both to the Insured and Insurers, that such an anomaly should cease, and an approximation to the true risk be made. To secure this object the Equitable Fire Insu rance Company is established. The true rate of Premium for Fire Insurance can only be ap )roached through Classification and Average, which has not hitherto peen sufficiently acted on, or systematically applied. Whatever be the nominal rate, the bonus or return periodically to the Insured will determine the true Premium equitably payable, as security against less for so great a calamity as fire, and the Insurer is largely interested in this question, and will consult his interest by topporting a system where, by a careful combination of Classifica tion and Avenge, the Premium will be prcportioned to the risk. The Equitable Fire Office will, by a constant analysis of its owls experience, ftom time to titre, adopt such rates of Premium as the nature of the risk may justify, and will decline to eater into arrange ments as regards tariffs with other offices. With this view an annual investigation will be made into each class of risk, and a return of one moiety , or fifty per cent. of the nett excess will be made to all classes of Insurers whose Policies have been in force for three years. Insurances against Loss by Fire are effected by this Company upon every description of Property on moderate terms. Farming Stock insured at 3s. per cent, without the Average Clause. Prospectuses, and every information may be obtained, on applica tion at the Office, or to any of its Agents. t National Loan Fund Life Assurance Society. * Equitable Fire, t* Both Offices. Just Published = Price One Shilling. THE GREAT EXHIBITION. A MORAL AND RELIGIOUS GUIDE THERETO, By the Rev. J. A. EMERTON, D.D. Published by Lonpaan, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 39, Pater noster Row, and may be bad of all Booksellers, Two Giant Plates-150 Summer Fashions—View of the Exhibition — Paper Models of the Exhibition Mantelet. THE LADIES' GAZETTE of FASHION for MAY, price Is., contains extralrdinary Novelties, given In no other work—all the Paris Fashions—Two Giant Plates—Paper Mo dels —2O Cloaks-30 Walking Dresses-50 Bonnets—several Ball and Children's Dresses, &e.—with Descriptions—Large Steel View of the Exhibition—Guide to London, &c. Post free, six stamps extra. London: G. Berger, llolywell-street, Strand ; and all Booksellers. NEW WORK ON STRICTURE AND SPERMATORRIREA. Just published, Svo., in cloth, price 3s. 6d., by post (free), 45., ATREATISE on the CURE of STRICTURE of the URE:TIIRA. ; containing the True Reasons why that Disease so often assumes such an intractable character; with Rules and Instructions for the successful Treatment of every Form of Urethral Contraction, based on the results of extensive and pro longed experience. To which Is added, Practical Observations on the Treatment of Spermatorrhcea by Cauterization. •By:F. B. COURTENAY, "These who complain most loudly are those only who know not how to use the common instruments. . . The prac- tice of surgeons has been marked with all kinds of violence, and in difference about the simple cure of diseases, and a passion for operations, and all the excesses and horror of surgery."—John Bell. 11. B adhere, 219, Regent-street, London. L 4.URENT'S GRAND CASINO, Licensed by Act of Parliament. A RGYLL ROODdS, GREAT WINDMILL STREET, ST. JAMES'S. (Sole Lessee, Chs.rles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-equare.) OPEN EVERY EVENING, With L AURENT'S UNRIVALLED BAND. Principal Cornet-a-Pistons, M. Boulcourt. Doors open at Half-past Eight o'clock—Dancing to commence at vine and terminate, at Half-past Eleven o'clock precisely. Admission. One Shilling. N.B. Mr. LAURENT'S BENEFIT willtake place on the Even ing of THUItiDAY, May 22. THE FIRST SPRING HOLIDAY. Fled now the sullen murmurs of the north, The splendid raiment of the spring peeps forth; 'Her universal green and the clear sky Delight still more and more the gazing eye. BLOOISITIELD. The vernal equitox, which ushers in the "first spring holiday," is welcomed by all ;frith feelings of lively emotion ; and it is not a little interesting to notice the phasing changes and various preparations which attend on this season of universal festivity. In the Gr,gorian, as in the Julian year, Easter is regarded as a favourite festival; and the approach of this holiday diffuses life and activity in every direction. We cannot proceed tarough the public streets without noticing the changes attendant, nor can the most apathetical obse ver refrain from a participation in the impulses to which the " first spring holi day" gives rise. While private residences present a re-decorated appearance, in garden and frontage ; and display in their windows hyacinths, crocuses, and other spring flowers, the more public tho roughfares display marks of renovation and re-embellishment. The trading establishments appear under " brighter colours," and, externally and internally, show pleasing signs of preparation. The season of Easter is a "commonwealth" of festivity—to share in which the Senate 'itself suspends for a term its important delibera tions. It is particularly interesting, at this season of the year, to notice the various preparations for public recreation and amusement. Hoardings are placarded with immense posters, calling attention, in colossal charazte rs, to excursion trains, steam•vessels, concerts, theatres, fairs, and numerous other sources of enjoyment, and wher ever we look we can discover indications of the "spring holiday." Among the many 'customs appertaining to this season, is that of the adoption of. new attire. Winter clothing is now cast eff, and articles more befitting the change of weather are assumed. 1-IYAM and Co. feel confident that their present spring stock will, on examination, elicit a large share of public approbation. A strict conformity to the prevalent taste in fashion—a development of improvements entirely original—a solidity and be.uty of material —au excellence of workmanship which challenges the most minute insp , ction, and a general superiority, coupled with a positive reduc tion in price ; are the recommendations which Hyam and Co. have to urge on the attention of the public. There is no mistaking the system of Hyam and Co., who, while saying what they do. take especial care to do what they say. Hyam and Co. are no friends to a " sliding scale " System in prices ; nor are the proprietors in the practice of advertising articles "from " one price to another. . . . " One fixed price for one description of garment," is the rule upon which they go, and from which they have never once diverged during the long period of their trading career. Hyam and Co., before concluding this notice of their Spring pre parations, would make pointed allusions to their article in juvenile attire. The brief vacation which occur 3 at Easter will afford an opportii nity to parents and others having the charge of youth, to judge of the neatness, beauty, durability, and cheapness of this description of Hyam and Co.'s stock ; and the proprietors trust that their offers in this (as well as in every other branch of their business) will be met with a ready acceptance. HYAM and CO., Tailors, Clothiers, and Manufacturers. West-end Establishment, London .....• • •86, Oxford-street. City Establishment, London ......36, Gracechurch-street. Provincial Establishments. Manchester-63, Ring-street. Hull-17, Market-place. Manchester —26, Market-street, Bristol-42, Wine-street. Liverpool-63 & 65, Lord-street. Glasgow-48, Argyll-street. Birmingham-23, New•strcet. Dublin-30, Dame-street. Leeds-4x, Briggate. THE ,VALLEY OF THE RHONE. THE MULBERRY AND THE SILICWORM.J ' (From the Chronicle.) I write from the oentre of the silk-making district of France—from . the banks of the Rhone, about half-way between Avignon and Lyons. Hereabouts, near the little town of Montetimer, the mulberry was first planted in French soil. The event took place as early as the close of the fifteenth century. An old French agri cultural writer attributes it to the journey made by Charles vim' to Naples. Some few gentlemen of the royal; suite, remarking the richness and glossiness of - the Italian silks, determined tr try whether ( .: they could ' not introduce at home the creation i f equally splendid fabrics. Accord ingly, says thiPis 4 Mural chrouicle_ ,r when the wars of Italy were finislied, they sent t o 'Naples for mulberry slips, which they planted in Provence, the slight differ ence between the climate of southern France and that of central Italy favouring the speculetion. The experiment —whim, in fact, of the gay noblesse of the French Court—attracted probably little attention at the time, and the planters of the white mulberry trees near Mon telimar had, in all likelihood, but a faint idea of the grand element of wealth with which they were enrich ing their country. lam told that old men still living have seen the crumbling trunks of these, the first French mulberries. Ono very ancient tree still sur vives, near a village called Rousset. The flats of its plantation is unknown, but a species of not , ungraceful homage is paid to the vegetable patriarch by the pea santry. It still produces a few leaves, hut they are never gethered, for fear of exhausting the feeble remnants of sap contained in the grey old tree. The seeds or roots imported by the cavaliers of Charles VIII. flourished there bravely, and the mulberry tree now forms a very important part of the rural riches of the south of France -abounding in a greater or lesser degree from Lyons, or thereabouts, to Toulon, on thej4ght hand, and Tou louse on the left, and being particularly luxuriant along the valley of the Rhone and its tributaries. The mulberry l is comparatively a hardy tree. It has been grown, and made annually to produce a crop of leaves, as far north as Stockholm, and it stands out stoutly against frosts which ruin the almond tree for the season, and the olive for ever. It mingles and flourishes with the willow and the oak of the north, as well as with the spice and oil trees of the south. The warmer parts of Europe are never visited with frost on the one hand, or heat and drought on the other, intense enough and long continued enough to kill it. Of the south of France, however, the district comprised by the departments of the DrOme on one side of the Rhone, and the Ardech e on the other, may be said to form the head -quarters of the mulberry tree. There not a field exists unplsnted with silk-worm fodder, and the rearing of the insects, and the first stages of preparation of their produce, fur. [aisle most important items of agricultural industry. In the department of the DiOme alone, the number of mul berries is computed to exceed 3,ooo,ooo—and this inde pendently of a great quantity of dwarf trees of the same class, reckoned as equal to about 300,000 more. The plantations are said to increase at about the rate of two or three per cent. per annum. The quantity of silkworm eggs annually hatched is stated to amount to about 60,000 ounces; and each ounce, in prosperous years, is computed to produce no less than from 50 to 601bs. of silk. The average price of a pound of cocoons is about 14f. The average price of a pound of spun silk is about 24ic. each 131 b. of cocoons producing about Ilb. of silk. The total benefit computed to arise to the department by the sale of cocoons is about 5,000,000 f. The sums paid for spinning the silk in the department amount to about 700,000 f., and for performing other processes connected with the manufacture to about I,loo,oooE—making nearly 7,000,000 f. annually gained for the district by the labours of its silkworms. Few readers will require to be told that operations connected with the silkworm last at the utmost for only two months of the year. ranging from the beginning of April till the end of June. The breeding or " educa tion" of the insects is curiously universal. The farmers, the peasantry, the rural inhabitants of the villages and small country towns, and to some degree the population of the faubourgs of the large towns, are all, when the season comes round, silkworm breeders. Every man, in fact, who has a patch of land, plants it with mulberry trees,' and almost every man who has mulberry trees rears worms, and either spins the silk in his household or sells the cocoons. A trifling minority of farmers may content themselves with rearing the mulberry tree and selling the leaves; but the profit of producing the thread is so great, and the trouble comparatively so small—falling, in nine cases out of ten, on the females of the family—that the production of the valuable fibre is all bat universal. TRUSTEES. The Right Hon. Earl Fitzwilliam. I The Common Sergeant. The lion. Henry G. Spencer. Charles Hopkinson, Esq. The distinctive feature of this Company consists in the sufficiency of ONE PAYMENT to cover an Assurance for the WHOLE OF LIFE. The first is the only expense and trouble, there being no annual re newa lof premium. By granting Assurances to Passengers only, and excluding all those persons in the employ of Railway Companies or Contractors among whom the heavier rislcs occur, the Directors of this pan) , are enabled to issue Policies at a lower rate of premium than is offered by any existing Company. Upon proof being given that a party assured has met with his death by railway accident, the Company will pay to his representa tives the full amount of his Policy. If the accident shall result in personal injury only, the Company will pay to the assured a fair compensation for such injury. Assurers havo the option of travelling in carriages of any class, and on any railway in the United Kingdom. The Directors are now granting assurances upon the following terms, viz. : For every Policy of 100/. 0/. ss. For every Policy of 1,000/. 2/. 2s. „ 500/. 11. ss. f f tf f 0 2 , 0001. 4/. 4s. Agents are appointed in all the principal towns of the United Kingdom, through whom Assurances may be effected. W. W. WILLIAMS, Secretary. PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION and BENEVOLENT FUND. Established in London, 1840. TRUSTEES. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. W. G. Prescott, Esq. I Thomson Hankey, Jun., Esq. Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P. This Association offers the following advantages : The Mutual Principle of Assurance. An Equitable Rate of Premiums. Division of Profits every five years on Policies of three years' standing. The Division of Profits up to 31st December, 1847, averaged 33 per cent. on the Premiums payable for the next five years. All Policies Indisputable, except in cases of fraud. The sum assured may be MADE PAYABLE to the WIDOW, WIDOWER, or CHILDREN, WITHOUT ANY DEDUCTION for PROBATE or LE(IACY DUTY, and FREE FROM ANY OTHER CHARGE WHATEVER. By order of the Board, PHILIP HENRY BYRNE, Secretary. 42, Moorgate-street, March 29, 1851. Parties desirous of becoming Agents for Towns where none have been hitherto appointed, are requested to make application to the Secretary. U SITED KING 'RANCE Established by 8, Waterloo-place, Pall-maL 12. St. Vincent -place Edinburgh; Dublin. --___ to the 31st The bonus added to pol Deeemier, 1847,1 s as folios Sum Time Assured. Assured. I Sam payable at Death. £5OOO 13 years 10 mths 5000 ) 1 year 1000 12 years 1000 7 years 1000 1 1 year 500 ;12 years 500 4 years 500 1 year £638 6 8 £787 10 0 112 10 0 157 10 0 157 10 0 22 10 0 78 15 0 45 0 0 11 5 0 £6470 16 8 51t2 10 0 1257 10 0 1157 10 0 1022 10 0 628 15 0 545 0 0 511 5 0 100 0 0 50 0 0 le most moderate scale, and I five years, when the In- The Premiums, nevertheless, are on th, only one-half need be paid for the first s irance is for Life. Every information afforded on applica' tor, No. 8, Waterloo-Place, Pall-malt, T lon to the Resident Diree mdon. METROPOLITAN COUNTIES and GENE RAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 2T, Regent-street, Waterloo-place, London. TRUSTEES. Spence Horatio Walpole, Esq., Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P. M.P Edward Vansittart Neale, Esq. Henry Peter Fuller, Esq. DIRECTORS. Thomas Littledale, Esq. Edward Lomax, Esq. Samuel Miller, Esq. Edward Vausittart Neale, Esq. Sir Thomas N. Reeve William Studley, Esq. Endowments. Three-fourths of Prospectuses, post-free, on ap- Samuel Driver, Esq. John Griffith Frith, Esq. Henry Peter Fuller, Esq. John Palk. Griffin, Esq. Peter Hood, Esq. Capt. Hon. G. F. Hotham, R.N. Life Aqmrancei, Annuities, an profits divided amongst the ass-- plieation. F. FETti ITSON CA.MROUX, Manager. IN SIX LANGUAGES —FORTIETH EDITION. .7,ONTAINiNG THE it 'FOR THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE. lustrated by One Hundred Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Stew.. 0 I PHYSC ITY ICAL, A DIS ND QU IMPEDIMENTSALIFICATIONS, TO GENERAMARRIAGE. TIVE MCA PA A. 'Jew and Improved Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, price 2s. 6d. b post, direct trem the Establishment. 35 6d. in postage stamps, All Communications being strictly conldential, the Authors have disc•mtinued the publishing of Cases. T HE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by ex essive indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of mercury, with explicit directions for the use of the preventive lotien, tollowed by obser va ti ons en the M arr ied State, and the disqaalifica lions which prevent it. Illustrated by 100 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L. PERRY and CO., 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, Lon don. Published by the Authors ; and sold by Strange, 21, Pater noster-row ; Hannay, 63, and Sang 150 Oxford-street ; and (}or don, 146, Leadenhall-street, London er' PART 1. treats t : t e h a e n co atc . :Z u a en no c ' e pl s iy r si es o lt log ing y of fr th om o re- c p es rO si dU:i in TO . e o ir lamentable effects on the system, producing organs, and is illustrated by 2S Coloured Engravings. L an tr d ea t t h s o da r lg Al' en r ce l , mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative incapacity. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings. PART 111. treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in directions th e primary or secondary form, and contains explicit for their treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engrav ings. PART IT. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease b simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated. This important part of the Work should not escape the reader's notice. Pear V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du ties. The causes of unp roductive union are also considered, and the whole subject critically and philosophically inquired into. Tun CORDIAL Bala or Sitaucurd is exclusively employed i n treating nervous and sexual debility, impotence, &c., 11s. and 335. per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic romedy, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 11 s. and 335. per bottle. terry's Purifying specific Pills, 2s. 9d-, 4s. 6d., and I Is. tsar box, a certain remedy for gonorrhoea, gleet, stricture, and Chronic inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, to 14. A. minute detail of the case is required age, habits, and posi tion in society. Packets, with advice, be had at the Feta blishment Oran by which the fee, It., is saved. Messrs. Perry, are in attendance daily at 19. Berne rs-street, Oxford-street, Lon don, from Eleven till Two, and Five to ; 011 EvullitYp a'o22 Eleven to One. FRAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two VOl2. Voll. /a VISIT TO TBM LANES iCETCH OF EDINBURGH, &.c. Vol. 11. T2E LAKES OF NEWL,UVYr7. REIUMWENCES OF DUBLIN, &c. WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID. "That three aeorc years and ten our course may run." A. popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner roasly-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses the young, besets the man of pleasure, business, er study, and em -31 tern old age, with tables and rules for the diet and physical reps+ ation of every-day life. IV. THE PASSIONS. " What passions hurt the body—what improve, Truths as refined as Athens ever "aeard." SUBJECT : .Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent afthe passions. Chastity and its infringement.. The casualties o. ifoentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative, and rousediative. Advocacy of early marriages., THE MARRIAGE STATE. " To be or not to be, that is the question." ifitoonimarst—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and re i,rien regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and hoice, on both sides, as to age, temperament, complexion, and !gum to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them. Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion. Oases, &c. By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1821), L.S.A. 1824). Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these note's. ti.espver boors , eily till Ave. livening& seven till nine. 10 Argyll-place. Regent-street. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. LONDON, PORTSMOUTH, AND CHICHESTER RAILWAY. —Yesterday Mr. Hassis, who appeared for the official manager Mr. Wryghte, asked Master Richards to place eight gentlemen on the list of contributories as managing commttteemen. The grounds upon which the application rested was stated to be that those gentlemen had acted in the above-mentioned capacity, and had each been allotted and had paid upon 200 shares. This latter allegation was disputed, and Mr. Mogonie, the registered solicitor of the company, and who represented Mr. Mountague, one of the gentlemen whom it was now sought to fix, was examined relative to the matter. He said that the book now produced. called the " Allot ment Book," was, he believed, a fair copy, made up under the directions of the secretary, and consisted of the names of persons whom the latter assumed to have accepted shares. The reason why Mr. Clarkson and other members of the committee of management ap peared as having accepted and paid upon 200 shares each was because, when the panio ensued, the mem bers of the managing committee deemed it right, as an example to the provisional committee, to make contributions towards the expenses that had been incurred, and which contributions they thought proper to fix at the rate of 10s. per share on 200 shares. Ho did not consider these contributions to have been paid under any letters of allotment, and there were some thousands of shares upon which the public had paid 10s. each anterior to the contributions of the committee of management. Mr. Harris said that if the case of the official manager rested alone upon the fact of those several gentlemen having acted, he felt confident that that:ground would be quite sufficient to induce the Master to place them upon the list, but he was prepared to prove their accptance of the 200 shares each, and the . payments thereon. After some conversation the sitting was ad journed. EASTERN COUNTIES JUNCTION AND SOUTHEND RAlLWAY.—Yesterday another meeting was held before Master Sir William Horne, for the further arrangement of the contributory list, but only one case was entered into, and this was eventually postponed. The former secretary of the company, Mr. R. H. Causton, was in terrogated at some length by Mr. Williams, who ap peared for an alleged contributory. This witness de posed that he had been one of the original promoters of the scheme, but that on his being appointed to the office of secretary, his interest as such had ceased. He also stated that there had been no allotment of shares to him; but upon the production of the com pany's deed, his signature appeared .as the holder of shares to the amount of 1,250/. The Master commented upon this apparent discrepancy, and required an expla nation of the circumstance from Mr. Causton, who said that, before trusting further to his memory, he wished Mr. Smith, the solicitor of the company, to be examined on this point. The further proceedings were then ad journed. CONTINENTAL TRAFFlC. —lmportant facilities are about to be given to the travelling public by the South- Eastern Railway Company, who have entered into ar rangements with the Northern of France and Boulogne and Amiens Companies, for a regular direct service daily each way between London and Paris, by special trains, to suite the_tides. ' Among the many advantages secured by this arrangement, we may mention that pas sengers will be enabled to Leave London in the morning and reach Paris in the evening of the same day, witho u t the inconvenience of embarking or disembarking in s mall boats, performing the who le journey in eleven hours, two hours only being occupied in the sea passage. NEW METHOD OF FIXING LEECHES.—Dr. Rennes, member of the French Academy, states that the moat rapid way of setting leeches is to immerse them for a minute in very weak wine and water —it should be warm, however, as this produces the greater stimulus. In the Hotel Dieu, at Paris, a somewhat similar plan has been practised for some time, namely, steeping a handkerchief in pure wine, and placing the leeches in it, pressing them tightly, and then applying them to the part. AMERICANISUER.—The New York Herald informs ns that one Adam Dame, convicted of murder at St. Louis, has been sentenced to seventy -fi ve years of imprisonmen t. If he outlives hie imprisonment, he will be as " old as (his namesake) Adam." There are few or no regularly or scientifically con structed silkworm breeding places, although the writers on the subject are continually recommending the erec tion of magnannaries—so these places are called—duly ventilated, and prepared expressly for the reception and convenient breeding of the worms. Barns, lofts, lumber garrets—or whatever outbuilding, so that there be a fire place in it, which comes handiest—is used; and the ap paratus with which the place is for the nonce fitted up is, perhaps, none the less efficient for actual working purpcses that it can be cheaply come by and easily knocked up. Travelling through the district in the ie in ter, the only actual vestiges of silkworms which I saw were the stores of eggs for next season, commonly stuck upon folds of cloth, and looking very like assortments of small beads, but carefully folded in multitudinous wrappers of towels, and laid by in the warmest nooks of the kitchen cupboards. When the early summer time begins to vivify the world, and the mulberry leaves to got juicily ripe, the eggs are hatched—more anon C l the several processes employed—and the barn, or stable, or hayloft to be employed is cleaned out and the appa ratus arranged. The latter, as it is commonly used, it easily described. I have alluded to the huge bamboo like canes or rushes which grow in the swamps and be the river banks. These are cut, split open, and attached together, so as to form long cane beds, about 21 feet broad, called dales. Ranges of these couches are then stretched shelvewisc from one end of the barn to the other, upon a rude system of framework easily erected —two or more ptnsages, according to the breadth of the chamber, being left longitudinally for the attendants to traverse. The doles are arranged one above the other, the lowest about eighteen inches from the floor, the others at like spaces up to the ceiling. if necessary. The place thus presents the aspect of a great barn-chamber, completely filled with long, narrow cane-work shelves, resting upon a rough extem pore framework elf timber, and traversed by narrow pas sages from end to end. The worms as soon as they are hatchet!, are strewed along the claies, and the mulberry leaves at the proper morneat sprinkled over and among them. Precautions are generally taken to ensure some thing like an equality of temperature. Holes are cut in the floor and walls to allow the entrance of air, and stoves are used if the nights prove cold. The attendant makes use of a short ladder to ascend to the higher claies. lii some of the better class of establishments, however, a different and superior arrangement is adopted. The dales are ranged so as to hang from the circumference of large wheels placed at each end of the apartment. By - turning these wheels the ranges of shelves rite and fal l, and are transferred from side to side at the pleasure the attendant. Brisk currents of air are thus made to play amid the silkworm beds— a good fresh atmospheric supply being usually that which the insects sufler most from the want of— while the operator can bring each system of shelves readily to his or her hand, for the necessary cleaning and feeding of the worms. At the proper moment the creatures aro furnFahed with due facilities for spinning the valuable nest in which they enclose themselves and their eggs. Hedges, or fences so to speak, composed of the cuttings of brushwood or some such substance, are stuck erect in long lines adown each claie, supported be tween the shelves, and bristling with tough twigs and tiny forked branches. Up these the worms climb, and in them they lay their eggs and spin their cocoons. The whole structure of framework and shelf is then pulled to pieces, the brushwood hedges extracted, and the little bunches of silken film picked carefully out from amongst the twigs. The worms inside are killed by the applica tion of steam or boiling water, and if there be a suffici en t number of women in the establishment, the spinning of the fibre commencee; if not, the cocoons are sold to the agents of the spinners and throwsters, as ho proceed from farm to farm, gathering in the silken harvest of the year. The labour of attending to the silkworms during the se veral stages of their short existence is a very trying and harassing one. The operator must be continually on the alert, cleaning th dales, providing flesh masses of leaves, regulating the temperature by means of the stoves and air bole s, and removing the dead, sick, or dying worms. The creatures have always to be tended the last thing in the evening and the first in the morning. l~heie great pains are taken, they are even visited and arranged during the night. This lab o ur , in general, falls upon the women. " There is little sleep fur us in silkworm time, said a buxom old lady who was show ing me her stores of eggs in a poor-looking Ardeche farmhouse. Sometimes, however, the peasants of the Cevennes, who aro esteemed the most skilful silkworm breeders in France, descend from their hills at the proper season, and are employed in t he larger estab lishments. In the department of the Drome it is cal culated that about six hundred arr iv e every year to undertake the silkworm tending in the principal farms. They take the whole charge of the operation, from the hatching of the eggs to the production of the cocoons, and are paid about two francs per day. The women do not; gain above 24 or 25 sous e although they do the work just as well as the men. The person who performs the duties of the magnannarie has also to strip the mulberry leaves for food for his or her charge —so that the office is, as may be conceived, no sinecure. The cocoons secured, the claies and their supporting framework aro carefully piled up in any out-of-the way corner, ready for the requirements of the follow.. ing season, and the barn or loft returns for the rest of the year to its proper employment. After the above general sketch of the manner of silk worm rearing in France, the reader will probably be willing to accompany me through some more minute de tails as to the culture of the mulberry tree, and the principal steps in the curious process of the education des vers ¢ sole. . _ I have ctVatFd that, through the principal silk-pro ducing districts of France, almost the entire taco of the count r y i s pl ante d w i t h this indispensable tree. Sometimes it ia arranged in regular plantations, the corn or grub beneath being a ascoodary consideration; sometimes it is planted in long double or single lines, cutting the fields into narrow stripes. The regular hedges and paths, and the main and cross roads, are in variably planted with the shrub, and few farm-houses are unprovided with a sheltered corner, in or near their gardens, in which colonies of the precious seeilings are growing. The tree upon which all these pains are ex pended, and which brines in so rich a return, is a suffi ciently ugly and unpicturetque-looking affair, scrubby and mopping like the olive, and so regularly cut and twisted, and pruned as to destroy anything like incli • eiduality about each distinct specimen. Its principal visible peculiarity and the result of the us:de o culture employed, is that the tree generally pre sents the appearance of a trunk, sending forth half a dozen stumps of thick branches, cut short near the body of the tree, and each garnished with a more or less plentiful and thriving crap of vigorous twigs about a yard in length, upon which the precious le eves are produced. The mulberry is generally reared from the seed. When a plantation is to be formed, the seed is gathered is Juno and July from old trees which have been lefi . for that purpose unstripped of their crop of leaves. The germs thus obtained are flung into the water; those which float are thrown away—those which sink are saved for use. The destined spot for the plantation— the more sunny and sheltered the better—is either ploughed repeatedly, or the soil well loosened by hand labour. Manure is applied, and the ground carefully lsvelled. The seed is sown in May, generally along shallow furrows, about six inches broad, and covered with a thin layer of earth. Weeding and watering are not neglected during the summer and autumn, and dog grass, which an old French farmer told me he cordially hated, is very carefully rooted out. As the slips shoot up, the most thriving of them are pulled from the ground by the hand, after the fashion of radishes, and replanted in another patch of well-stirred, manured, and loosened earth—care bei , g taken that the roots of each Seedling are well and solidly covered by the soil. As the shrub increases in size, it is regularly pruned, to prevent it from throwing out too m any branches, and the ground is very carefully cleared from weeds. Very generally, the young mulberry is improved and quick ened by grafting. The uegrafied slips, called sauva geonc, are said to live the longest, but the grafted mulberries produce by far the heaviest crop of leaves. The harvest yielded by the sauvageon, from the smallness of the leaves, is tedious and expensive to gather, while the leaf of the grafted mulberry is said to weigh nearly three times as much as that of the sauvageon. As the trees grow up, the soil is ploughed or otherwise worked every August, and the young shoots are pruned, so as to concentrate the sap as much as possible, and prevent the seedling from being weakened by an over-rapid growth. About the fourth or fifth year, the mulberries aro dug up from the plan tatiou to be eat in their places in the field; as vet they have yielded nothing, the scanty crops of leaves having been permitted to grow untouched. As to soil, the mul berry is by no means difficult to please. As a general rule, the fields in which the tree is planted thickly are the most middling parts of the domain. Marsh land is the only species of soil in which the tree makes no way—its growth is affected, its leaves in such situations turn yellow, and afford but a emall and unwholesome supply of food to the insect for whose behoef it is reared. Tin- mulberry is often planted along with the vine, Although the propriety of the practice is a mooted point, some cultivators maintaining that the two plants thrive best in .brotherhood, others that the mulberry ought always to be reared alone. As a general rule, however, it is held in the south that where the vine flourishes the mulberry will also do well. Care is, how ever, at all events taken never to allow the latter to be overshaded by any higher-growing trees. The mul berry loves the sun, and languishes if the golden light be not lavished upon his leaves and branches. A tree well exposed to the solar influence will, it is said, grow twice as quickly and to twice the size of one less favour ably situated. This being the case, the relative distance at which the trees may be most profitably planted be comes an important object of consideration. Average mulberries, planted at two metres or seven feet dis tance from each other, will have—so a great autho rity upon the subject calculates—not more than fifteen years of useful life. The statement, of course, refers to a superficial plantation, and not to single or even double rows of trees. The distances which ought to be kept depend, however, necessarily, in a great mea sure, upon the size of the tree ; and mulberries are of many species, growing to many different dimensions. The largest trees are sometimes planted as much as 28 feet from each other; the next largest at from 14 to 17 feet; the dwarf or coppice variety at from 6 to 8 feet ; {.he species used for hedge-rows, and set in a straight line, not more than a leer inches apart. In localities exposed to the Rhone fogs, the spaces are advantage ously left larger. The trees are generally planted in regular squares and it is held to be of importance to surround the field thus laid out by a species of zone or border sown with oats, barley, or rye, which is very generally cut down green for the cattle. Grass may be grown among the mulberries, but the plan is not recommended, and in a thoroughly well managed plantation corn is never thought of. Planting each tree at the distance of 14 feet from its neighbours, a hectare of land will contain about 720 ; at 23 feet, it will contain 230; at 36 feet it will contain about 9tl. Previously to the trees being set in their positions, the earth is well broken up, and the sujets are planted along ditches dug to the necessary depth, or sometimes formed by large ploughs drawn by a strong team of oxen. Once early planted, the mulberry groves receive two plough ings per annum. In the smaller exploitations, hand labour is employed instead, care being always taken that she operation *hall not be performed during periods of intense heat and drought. Different opinions exist as to the quantity of manure which ought to be applied to the mulberry, aed the time at which it is to be laid down. Cho more compost used, the quicker the tree comes to maturity, and the sooner—so think many cultivators— it dies. Some mulberry growersenanure the trees every third or fourth year. Others leave longer spaces of time between the operations. The compost is ordinarily the usual stable litter, and is mingled with the ground either by manual labour with the hoe, or by the help of the plough. • The most difficult and delicate portion of the task of the mulberry grower is the pruning of the tree, so as to cause it to produce each year the greatest quantity of the richest and the juciest leaves. So far as I can under stand, there seems to exist a great deal of pedantry in the various systems of " taille" as they are recommended and practised by different cultivators. In almost every district you will find some conventional shape, which it is held necessary to give the tree, and without which it is believed the produce would be very inferior. Mul berry farmers indeed appear to be possessed with the idea that they can improve upon nature in arranging the development of the branches, just as the old fashioned nurses held their swathings and bandages to be necessary to give infants a " fine figure." The more en lightened growers cut and prune the tree with a different end in view, contenting themselves with thinning the occasional over-luxuriance of the branches, clearing away languishing boughs in favour of the neigh bouring vigorous shoots, and always aiming at the introduction of as much air and light as possible into the body of each tree. As a general rule, also, the object is to prevent the development of thick branches— upon which, of course, leaves do not immediately grow —and to encourage the abundant shoot of fresh, young slips, which summer will see clothed with the richest foliage. The pruning season in the most skilfully ma naged plantations is in the early spring, February and March. Then the tree is said to sleep, and the opera tion to be far less hurtful than when the advancing spring has sot the juices in active motion. Occasion ally, however, the pruning process takes place in sum mer—principally for ,the sake of economy in hand la bour—the leaves upon the cut-down branches serving for the food of the worms or their claies. The methods of pruning are very multifarious. There are different tallies pursued in almost every district, by almost every proprietor, and for every different species and age of the tree. After some study of the subject, I confess I can see little diversity in principle in these numerous methods; and the reasons by which each cultivator recommends his system as commonly founded upon purely and minutely technical grounds, connected with the manner of branching of various spe cies, the activity of the sap at various seasons in various localities, and sundry other similar circumstances, into which I need not enter. Suffice it to say that the best taille is that which combines the richest harvests of leaves each year with the method tending most surely to hus band the resources and lengthen the life of the tree. A late improvement, only partially introduced, and adopted for the most part only by the more extensive growers, is to leave every year either a third or a fourth of the trees unpruned and unstripped—the untouched proportion thus enjoying a rest for which the amplitude of its yield in the following season is said amply to compensate. ['he pruning operations, like those relat in g to thei l o ve tree, give well-paid employment to a grea t proportion of the labourers of the district, 40 sous being a common daily wage for a tolerably expert hand. The mulberry may be made available fir feeding in the second year of its growth;tobusthiotoits and d d f t a o li be nn v d e i r s y . desirable to permit its leaven turhed until the tree attains double that age. Dw ;rf mulberries are commonly stripped in their third season —the intermediate class in their fourth—and the largest trees, called " plein vents," intheirfi some fdisu pains mmer. and The leaves are gathered by the hand, and _ skill are necessary to glea n the harvest satisfactorily. Careless stripping is one of the faults which a mulberry grower has most to guard against in his servants. The leaves ought to be gently removed, and not a twig is, if possible, to be broken. As I have already bredlready in the farm,said, when, as is generally the case, silkworms ar the person attending to them strips the trees as the food is wanted. When the mulberries are cultivated only for the purpose of selling the leaves, the harvest is gathered in as soon and by as many hands as possible, and dispatched to the largo worm-breeding establish ments, which buy it. The second crop of leaves is, as I have also stated, invariably used, either green or dried, as fodder for the cattle. It is reckoned of importance that shosalhering of the second harvest s h ou ld be possible.post svelrylvearieus. From three produce of the mul berry,p,)ned that like l as l thelate as as olive, i to six quintals of leaves may be taken as the ordinary range, a lthough trees exist c a p a bl e of produc i ng ten qu i n tal& ',Liao price of the harvest in a groat measure On the fourth day the appetite of the creatures falls off as suddenly as it augmented, and the allowance is diminished to between 6 and ;lbs. The size of the worms has now visibly increased, and the attendants take great pains to keep them from overlaying each other. I need hardly remark that at this, as well as at the latter stages,the atmophere ought to be kept as pure as possible. Holes for ventilation are commonly estab hiked both in the floor and roof; and the fires which are kept constantly burning night and day tend to increase the activity of the circulation of air. Still, however, in the rude country concerns, the atmospheric conditions necessary to perfect success are often neglected. A damp fungus-like smell broods in the dark interior, and, after their month of labour is over, the breeders come forth pale, emaciated, and out of order. To continue. It is on the fourth day that the first symptoms of tie first change of skin or mue become evident to the practised eye of an experienced " educator." The creatures keep moving their heads, and the skin, from its strained con dition, takes a shiny appearance. Then the torpid state comes gradually on, and by evening many of the worms lie motionless, waiting for the change. On the titth day a very small quantity, about one pound and a half of leaves, is distributed in the vicinity of those worms who appear not to be so far gone as their companions. The exact proportion of food given must depend upon the re quirements of the insects, ascertained by the close watch fulness of the attendants. In the night the change of skin frequently takes place, many of the worms appear ing in their new garbs next morning. The creatures are now about four lines in length, and of a dark ashen colour. The next important process, and one which is repeated at each of the four changes, or commencements of ages, is to transfer the worms to fresh and larger beds—of course cleaning the couches which the animals have already occupied. There are different modes of accomplishing this process. One much in vogue is to spread branches of mulberry over the creatures, which cling and stick to them. The loaded twigs are trans ferred to little trays or platforms, the operation being conducted as gently as possible, in order to avoid hurting the insects, which are then deposited upon fresh leaf strewn dales, 'and the twigs which served for their re moval taken away. A newer and better method has, however, been adopted by a few of the most skilful breeders of the Ardeche. I saw the apparatus employed in the beautifully-fitted magnannerie of M. Giraud, thepro prietor of the fine old feudal castle of Chateaubourg, one of the most striking ()Wets upon the right bank of the Rhone in nearing Valence from Lyons. The contrivance consisted in sheets of pierced pasteboard, fitted to the size of the dales. These, covered with leaves, are placed over the worms; the creatures climb to the upper surface, and are carried away, to be laid upon new dales ; the process being repeated at the next age, while the sheets successively soiled, being thus de serted, are easily freshened and cleaned, and made fit for further use. The first day of the second age the worms must be ranged upon a square, comprehending about 74 feet. A aentle movement of the head is the signal that they are up, stirring, and ready to resume their career of mul berrylecif devouring. A meal is accordingly served out after they have been about an hour and a half on their new shelves. During the day the creatures eat about nine pounds of leaves, and are usually brisk and lively in their movements. On the second day of the second age the al lowance of leaves is increased at once to thirty pounds, administered as usual in four repasts, with six hours interval between each ; great care is taken that the quantity consumed by each worm shall be as nearly us possible equal. When an undue concourse of insects to any particular point takes place, the surplusage is lifted upon twigs and set down in more thinly inhabited parts of the claie. The third day of the second age the worms eat about 331bs. of leaves. In the morning they , are ravenous, and devour the greater proportions of the quantity. Towards evening their appetite falls rapidly off, and symptoms of torpidity begin again to appear, the worms lying listlessly upon the leaves, holding their heads erect, and refusing aliment. Next day—the fourth of the second age-91bs. of leaves] provide for the wants of those insects which have not already become torpid. During the day they fall asleep by thousands ' • and, as in the case of the first change, they burst th e i r skins for the most part in the night. The worms are now six lines in length. After the first change, 3,240 weighed an ounce. Nov 610 suffice to balance the weight. As these changes take place the worms excrete more matter, and require more air at a lower tempera ture. The ventilation therefore is, or ought to be, care fully attended to. Upon attaining the third age, the space to be allotted It to the insects i s about 174 squ are feet is a sign that they aro thoroughly waken e d up if they more their heads and bodies, in curiously undulating sweeps, when breathed or blown upon. The occurrence phe nomenon is held to be the symptom of this eir entry upon the active period of th e i r third age. of their The first day 151bs. of leaves, and as many of tender young twigs, are sup plied. The assistants now we their necks, containing the( r ) food which suspended from owhich they distribute carefully over all th e c i les. Dur in g the day as much as 6 01b . S. of leav es are di str ib uted, and the worms i nc rease in size very fast, their dimensions becoming visibly greater every hour. The second day they eat 90lbs. of leaves, the greater proportion being given in the everting. The attendants must now be busy enlarging the space which the worms occupy, and separating each as much as possible from its ft llow. The third day nearly 10011 es. of leaves are consumed, the greater quantity during the morning. Towards night the insects are relapsing again into their periodical time of stupor, but, sleeping or wak. inn, their bulk continues to increase steadily. The h I day 52Ibs. of leaves suffice. By evening many of th e insects are asleep; those which bsytilliittsthe,owwistyhmspptroimnksleodf a desire for food are fed, little handfuls of leaves — a t edious and harassin g operation. For the fifth day 271bs. of leaves are necessary, On the sixth day all the worms aro torpid. By this time they have increased to the length of twelve lines. and mall legs and claws have developed themselves. Dunne' ' the latter part of the third ag e, the pattering of their little claws upon the leaTc4, as the 1115%t5 climb upon them to depends upon the general degree of success with which the silkworms have been hatched and bred. From three to five francs per quintal may be taken as including the average rate. So much for the production of the food of the silk worm. Let me now attempt some detail of the main points of the process of breeding the insect itself. According to the progress of the mulberry tree is fixed the epoch at which the eggs of the silkworm, carefully ' , reserved during the winter in folded cloth, are vivified. In its minutiae, the process observed differs in different districts, but the general mode of proceeding is the same. The cloth containing the ova is first soaked, the more easily to separate the eggs from their re.s..thig place, the former are then scraped off—frequently in the Ar deche, by rubbing one portion of the texture against the other—and heaped in a bssin into which clear water is poured. This detaches the eggs from each other, the r b o r i d c e k eenx expedient n o t r claies in so some e f osiers. ea sea stele or spoiled ones floating to the surface. Sometimes wine is poured over the good ones after they are taken from the basis). The next process is drying the eggs, usually taking about two days, spread either upon a ready to be subjected to the warm temperature which hatches them. To manage this part of the process the ad T o h p e ted eg i g s: said, for the operator to go fairly to bed with the fra, and hatch them by the natural heat of the body. Closets, as are l have iw well warmed by stoves, are, however, more often re sorted to, and the eggs are ranged round in small boxes upon shelves. The insects make their appearance in from three to five days, more or less, according to the de gles of heat kept up. The warmer the eggs have been kept during the winter, the more readily they vivify in spring. A common practice is to place sheets of paper, pierced with . numerous holes, over the eggs, as they begin to show signs of life; through these holes the worms crawl up. Leaves of the mulberry; or small brandbeaor the tree, are laid upon the paper, and to these the insects speedily attach themselves, beginning from the very first to eat greedily. By the help of the twigs in question, they are carried to the dales prepared for them, in what I may properly call the breeding-room, and the " education" begins. The claies do not always consist of the split osiers I have described. In some of the best establishments well-stretched sheets of canvas are used instead. At first a small space of dale or shelf room only is required, but with each change of skin the quantity must be enormously increased. A silkworm, during its brief life of little more than a month, increases is weight upwards of one thousand-fold, four distinct skins bursting in the process, and being supplied by wider and roomier integuments. We are now, there fore, to suppose that the little newly-hatched creatures are distributed on their shelves, either fixed or immov able, in the breeding-room. The more easily to convey a definite idea of the space and the quantity of food re quired, we shall suppose that the breeder intends to rear the produce of five ounces of eggs—a quantity requiring a large atelier and a very considerable stock of mulberry leaves. The space at first allotted to the worms ought to be from 36 to 40 square feet. It is of importance that the creatures should not be crowded. The first day they consume four meals of leaves, the whole consisting of about 34lbs. of the substance, selected from the tenderest and juciest shoots of the tree, and cut very small. A space of six hours intervenes between the repasts, and as a general rule the quantity of each is to be succes sively augmented. Tile number of worms supposed to no now feeding is about 200,000, but great numbers die off, even under the most careful superintendence. Those who eat less than the average quantity become weakly, do not increase in size, and soon perish. Generally speaking, the worms devour their allowance of leaves in an hour and a half, and then lie almost motionless till the next meal. The second day the allowance is in creased by one-half—six pounds of leaves well cut up being served out to the insect guests. The third day the quantity is again doubled, that being one of the periods of their life when the insects eat voraciously. All this time it is to be noted that the attendants keep spreading the insects out more and more, removing the sickly or the dead, and watching the length of time the healthy take to eat; since, if the meals are devoured with more than average rapidity, a proportionately greater quan tity of leaves must be supplied, and less time allowed to elapse between their repasts. The reader will thus have a notion of the continued, harassing, fidgety species of the work required. The neat light-handedness of women renders them generally more fitting than men for the task. I , r Yi ~~ 71*: N°. 18,280. j r. 15s. rd the [organ, alway. 3 -DOM LIFE ASS COMPANY. • id of Parliament in 1834, L, London; 97, ;wee-street , Glasgow; 4, College-green, Ides from March; 1834, • Sum added to Policy inlB4ll Sum addedto, IPolicyin 18481 feed can be distinctly hoard. The noise has been com pared to a fail of rain in a wood, and to the burning of young branches. At the commencement of the fourth age, the worms re quire a square space of net less than four hundred and twelve feet, and the importance of fresh and pure air becomes greater from day to day. In some establish ments the previous stages of life have been passed by the worms in a smaller atelier than the great one to which they are now removed; but this plan is by no means needful, and is only resorted to by very scientific breeders who pay great attention to the atmospheric re quirements of their charge. In general, the animals spin their cocoons upon the dales, and in the chamber to which they were transported from the hatching room, while in many instances one single apart. ment only has been employed for the whole process. The worms eat on the first day of the fourth age about 100ibs. of leaves and tender branches. Their removal to their fresh claies employs several peeple, as it is ;of importance that the work should be well and speedily performed. In this age the leaf is given without being cut, as in the previous stages, and the worms are gene rally thriving, vigorous, and full of life, climbing ac tively upon the leaves. The skin of the creatures is gradually growing white. On the second day of the fourth age 1651b5. of leaves are given in unequal por !ions, the last meal being the largest. The next day 2251b5. of leaves are distributed, and the third day ::551b5., the three first repasts being about 751bs. weight each. The worms are now quite au inch aid a half long. On the fifth day of the fourth age the appetite fails off, and only 12Slbs. of leaves are distributed, the first meal being the greatest. 'Towards evening the worms have fallen for the most part asisep, and 35lba. of leaves, suffice for the few who fee-1 in a lively cohdition next morning. The change of skiu takes place as usual in the night, the insects being now so largo that thirty rie of them weigh an ounc e . btraw tires are lighted ao a y stoproduce great blaze with little heat, and other means are taken to stir and purity the air as the worms are now undergoing their change to the ' fifth and last, and most important age. The ages already past are sthe breeding. called frezes, lea petites frezes; the fifth is th e grant * freze, and upon the progress then made by th e insec t s dependsthe fifth in f a t hgaregaet t m he ea w su o r r e m i s he ar s e ofrueceosswno la rge , an d the quantity of food consumed is so great, that unless proper precautions be taken the air of the magnannaries becomes offensively putrid. In too many instances thee. precautions are either neglected or inefficiently observed, and the worms and their keepers both suffer the bad con• se h - see, aseeh i sequences. On the return of vitality a square place, of near 920 feet of dales is necessary for the accommoda tion of the insects. I ought to observe that, in arrang ing them on their new beds, after each change of akin. they do not occupy the whole additional space at once. Room is left for spreading them out, as they wax thicker and longer, the creatures being generally arranged at each end of the dale with a vacant space in the centre. Oa the first day of the fifth age the worms take in twigs and leaves, about 1801bs. of food. The second day at least 2701b5. are furnished, the last meal being the greatest. The worms are growing rapidly, and becoming white. The third day the mulberry allowance is 4 9 01bs.—the last meal consisting of about 120Ibs. Many of the insects are now 26 or 27 lines long. The next day , they consume about 5401b5. of leaves, waxing at rong and vigorous, and the length increasing to 32 or 33 lines. The fifth day sees 8101bs. of leaves devoured, besides which small extra, ellowauces are frequently given if the animals seem unsatisfied. The next Clay the worms attain the height of their clegustatory prowess, eating very nearly I,ooolbs. of leaves, sp rea d over five or six meals. Many of them are now more than two inches in length. The seventh day 9001bs. of leaves aro given—the quantity at each meal decreasing. On this day the creatures attain their greatest size and vigour—sixteen worms weighing an ounce ; their weight having in seven: days increased fivefold, and their length become at least double. The eighth day they require only 6601b5. of food. They are now going down hill in appetite, weight, and vigour, and are as suming a yellowish tinge, which denotes the approach of perfect maturity. The ninth day 500 lbs. of food suflices. On the tenth day the insects commonly show symptoms of desire to weave their cocoons. They climb upon the leaves without eating, move their heads as though seeking something, and begin to crawl to wards all perpendicular surfaces. The dales upon which the cocoons are spun have then to be set up. I have already explained, in general terms, that they con sist of furzy branches of small twigs, arranged upright between the dais, so that the worms can easily climb into them. The skill of the attendant is shown in arranging the claies so as to cause them to he as slight an obstruction to the ventilation as possible. The meals are now greatly reduced. Over feeding has a tendency to retard the desire to mount the claies. Twigs and small sticks are now scattered all along the claies, so that the worms crawling upon them are easily d istinguished, and are moved at once to the bottom of the brushwood rows. As a general rule, healthy worms finish their cocoons in three or four days after they have set fairly to work; but in general the task of gathering does not commence until the eighth or ninth day after the insects have begun to climb. In large establish.. ments several hands are usually employed in the task. Of the whole quantity of cocoons about the sixtieth part is kept far the sake of the eggs for next year. A pound of cocoons gives an ounce of eggs—in some cues even more. These are, of course, kept till the chrysalis makes his way in his new butterfly dress through the gnawn sills. The creatures are for the most part too weak to fly, and after the female has been impregnated and has deposited her eggs upon cloth spread out for the purpose. the brief but usual life of the longest surviving silkworm is over. The others have been stifled in the cocoons, and their silken web spun off from around them. _ _ _ The rules of feeding which I have given above are those observed by the most successful breeders of Italy and France. It will be readily ,seen that the exact weights of food adduced are slightly added to or dimi nished according to the varying circumstances of each particular case. The general result, however, as to tlas quantity of food and the quantity of silk, may be thus stated. About 1001bs. ci leaf gives nearly Sibs. of cocoons; Slbs. of cocoons give about la ounces of pure cocoons, deducting the worm and all impurities; and these 18 ounces of pure cocoons give about 8 ounces of spun silk. The proportion of the weight of the cocoon to that of the leaf is thus about I to 90; tho proportion of the spun silk to the weight of the leaf about 1 to 150. The price of cocoons range per pound from 2 franca to 2} francs. In the breeding of silkworms the metayer system is not uncommon; the farmer fiads the work, and the pra prietor the leaves—the two dividing the proceeds. France annually produces about 8,000,000 kilogramme, of raw silk, and of her 84 departments, as many as 60 grow mulberries, to a greater or less extent, for the use of the silkworms bred within them. THE GREAT EXHIBITION, (From the Expositor.) The following suggest i on f rom a pamphlet published this day, entitled " A Moral and Religious Guide to the Great Exhibition," by the Rev. J. A. Emerton, D.D., Principal cf Ilanwell Collegiate School, appears to us worthy the deep consideration of the Royal Executive Committee of the Great Exhibition. The inscrip tion, " Glory to God in the Highest," entirely forbids the chance of uny man, whatever his peculiar religious opi nions may be, taking offence. The motto is the sugges tion of one who combines the rare character of a very worthy and high-minded divine with that of a liberal on, citizen of the world:— hg a eh l n i t aa theffidv ix:eat:mei:tr. was aaitne e d l elevated , fa raisedt t e h d ol ‘, u. di ; e A ns t io th n e s obpeenria'nigsedon, h th a e vi l u s g t o u f po l n ay it let a t l t e fl i a n g sc e r f i GLORY TO GOD IN THE 11.torrEsT. It would add to the flags representing the various kingdoms and nations of effect if, at the moment it itsth e place. earth mighte red b and r repeated, every morning. "The most religious mind would be thus satisfied, . in asmuch as it would be almost a literal fulfilment of the prediction, All kings shall fall down before Him, all nat i on s shall do him service, whilst there is ' no °not he he Catholic or Protestant, Greek or Jew,folio - wer , of Mahomet, or disciple of Confucius , who wo u ld not j o i n in the adoration of his God." COURT CIRCULAR. INDSOi,TRURSDAY. W The Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albert walked this morning i n the slopes. The Royal Family took their usual airings. The Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horseback this afternoon, attended by she Hon. Miss Macdonald, Lieut.-Col. Hon. C. B. PhiPPe• and Colonel Buckley. The Queen and Prince Albert also rode out one" horse back in Wi n d sor Park, yesterday afternoon , au as usual. Their Royal Highnesses the Ro y al Princes carriage this and Princes s Ali ce too k an a i r i ng i n a Po ny afternoon. hness Prince Albert. The Queen and his Royal Il e she Ladies and Can. o ° s il o 7 eTthieni time o f a ll v o t ti h r! igPrincess Royal and with their Royal Highnesses th Princess Alice, and attended EasternpreventedEastern nwa Terrace,iwaiting, promenad ed n the Eastern Terrace on able state of the weather Queen, Prince. and Royal Family walking 0 Monday afternoon. . raT uesday a): afternoon, irate band attended after dinner Her Majesty's pr evening, and performed the yesterday (W e -° ._ following selection.,, a escley) ~ L e stocq • •• ... ... Auber. Overture, t go o e Die lustigen Welber Finale 0 1 ' 8 , Windsor ••., ... von ~ Ivo Bilenzie Coro, ... Otto Nioolai.. Meyerbeer. A deputation, including Mr. Elastic, M.P •Mr Marr. an d Mr. Grahatn, had an interview with the Commie• goners of Railways yesterday, at the office of the Board of Trade. Dispatches ivera sent off yesterday from the Colonial. office to th© Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, and to the Governor of Malta. Dispatches were also sent off to the Governors of Ceylon and Hong-Kong. Mr. Henry Berkeley, the Member for Bristol, has received a requisition from his constituents, to deliver a lec ture in Bristol on the subject of the Ballot. The Hon. Member was to deliver his lecture on Wednesday evening, and has made it a condition that it should be tor the benefit of the new hospital about to be erected in that city. An importation having taken place by a vase from Hamburgh, of an article called caput mortuum, being a manufacture, and liable to an ad valorem duty as such, it was found, on being submitted to the opinion of competent parties in the trade, to be rusted iron obtained from the head of retorts, and subsequently manufactured by soma process into a painter's colour, and therefore chargeable with the ad valorem duty of ten per cent, at a cianuty, tared article.