The Sun. — London, England, 1845-09-26 00:00:00

Fl:'r• (-72 ifecjefacy shsu ['here is, inani e London der/ proceedings o f Tery numerous Ateis 0 1 10(Ige s, ; meet a depu - f h e pUrPOS e e u tmost un 3 : I at the w ee t Orange Inst.ta • safegmrd fullest extol foundatio of y adopted r possesses the. A Ic.dge be re the the ties; , lags; d erns e o ff , a the co trim, and °LI' , et at ear etails sue alarm the in' to tendeng, flstitated s Ali that, a', . ting Oral'e •- abroad DI of tbe rtious e dint 11 :v u e l e f,nced, to tro I Y r ty of un iti d n e 'd . he of city, i fiffed ty, s n. g w ill be e and LITI A itted to i nset Ireland , P., y as a preil , 19, 1815. 9 Lord L ieo i )ten piett6eor Vilitia St aided bf liead' t th e arpose ; persol,e° j o i n reamsi have been the day o b o e EutY w it Y co nduct t oTo• 1 3 e d l s , ein be v r: ' that bod., " -600 0 f that o ntere4 t ? e : conio awe n eed l lot e they' v hioi ; a r ttentl°K CO o . d a en had be su ch ul t ed, 1)14 adce rt to be oplhiSlS 0 i t(,) t ,tri A v a e od )flge" b e st t he lid w o ;e, h e De r e ' en w ith nowy t io q " s 3 g li relf y, for ea u ' a nd 7. ore, tire. " gilt 1,0 ;elf. Of viola I bon - , jabo ll `, o to I he ir o ._ , 0,1 their a Jib'," 10;0cilui his iron • e r r ireticigeseti!lesislature. It was Mr. who Davi s. originated that rty..ieed:ottae.tidts.ionsu:h:,ohnpaoEdbalayicicre,deemed it with his life for he strug t tpe end. having highly eulogised the pa :q tisai and exalted virtues of the late Mr. Davis, proceeded_ 10 advert to the spread of Ribbonism, which, he deeply re gain broken out in the north of . I! elan u d s . re sid e ts ki be superfluous on his part to dwell . on the injuri_o ey 11,41 been the country from such a nefarious systr stem—the y th the k: ineduvenixeplained and commented upon frequen coixeir ,rious of Irishmen. He felt bound to s y, y that lie rine;ernhamdenont had not exerted themselves . to the b" t heY ought in the suppression of these societies. Ilfr. ,ictlet,Fec'erei°th'Cee‘htlidence regard-eihneg e t ee he as e ie x h is f t h en rh c i e sh o e f d t t h h e e s E e x stel- - k i ‘fsi but the information he afforded was never acted upon. we Ll , he would ask, why did not the detective poli?e, t wbo nr eb s , 0 active in other matters, exert themselves inhis, th e a w ee really useful, and not leave to the repeal wardens .t dicitmnlY of ferreting out offenders? If the Oran Socit. y Itib ° ,, t .ezist it would be a matter of no difficulty to e s uppress ;abuthoai,isin the fact was, the people looked upon Rib of Ora-;;,e3 o protection against the lawlessness the f;:,7! 11 . It certainly appeared to him extraordinary ess that &IA t , , , Tiers of this illegal society should come from England ,- ks -: -1. " 4 1's he would not be very inaccurate if he attributed ie4''Pagation to Sir James Graham, for he held that the Pahr e w 4 o Would be so base as to open a letter would be cli,n ceeet„, committing any act, no matter how atrocious. ln €3 ' 4 7e i r ° , l ' he moved that every individual in Belfast tiLiesip:itelei,re„mwebroelbyealocntginegd to the Ribbon . conspiracy, should be this course tie ailed ~%,`, Trora the Association ; and in adopting .. in self-defence, as the Association , .li., Jr,' eemPromised by the illegal acts of its members. _ Pain ed :-'liN O'CONNELL denounced the Ribbon Society, ex - the 48 deleterious effects, and warned the people of the theallCoces which would inevitably result from identifying t tserttes vtith it. He called on the repeal wardens o Ilal ldti le enis e 4- es in discovering the guilty parties, and to k r. li ta over to the police authorities. l'4 lQ:ii t i l la A t G "lnl, of Waterford, attended in Conciliation ct e ccasion for the purpose of giving expression to 1, 4 , 'eP sorrow l ki the e whi h the people of Waterford f e lt f or th e t e atlo distiru' s kr a ngst them ng . her - Irishman that had passed away taeN a°'°.oxxELL having handed in a number of remit lhteet 'ektverted to the propriety of having a suitable mono • e lat e ' T ee is ted to their ever - to - be-regretted fellow-labourer, Z a PP). .'"einas Davis. The Association would feel most teAt PPS ani, erectng a testimonial to the deceased gentleman, rlok, of grneral feeling existed out of doors . amongst t- tlte that , all l a ssesc and shades of politics, to join any r i i ) _ 111 * q• Plight op to commemorate the memory f Well v, t,nguislled countryman he considered it would . be Il e 'tat it should not have party or sectarian complexion. C o Matte r l l!ati er, howe wel ll t d ni a l ttee ' and hv e er ha a n s o ader doubtth bu e t co tb n e s ir ide d ra et ti e o r a mi o n f at t io h n e k r. v r t with public approbation. 41ti el it•s" Ynd Mr CANGLEY (barristers)..bore lat e s° ll 3' to the public usefulness and private worth of the k r kr• Da v i,. ~,7 ' iNt; 4," O'CONNELL animadverted on a letter from the 'Olt, !`-'onitnissioner," which condemned the " tenant .1 th . k til at th e ..e north of Ireland, and expressed his conviction ps7P,rpol‘seTe_r,ef these s letters had come . to this country for ,„'","latie, b ut mystmcation and delusion, to state alist of 1 q to , 11 - ",• out th throw the blame on the wrong parties, klv ei . t ,Welter the real delinquents. In future he should no ,At th' the Productions of the "Commissioner." kfi ' re i 'k ., w:staner'll,,4in_ation of the proceedings, the rent for the I):` r ned, " "'lced to be 204/. 7s. Bd. The meeting then li t sEß , r a nieeti,; ° MR. O'Co„ La. IN SLIGO.—On Monday 4 e , bieiti" - g was held in the Repeal Reading-roo , e tn en to lv. O'Conn ll inviting him and his fellow- t ia da v -toatilMblic meeting and e banquet . to be held in Sligo, e 9° C4 c14,,, e 'lamed by him, was unanimously adopted.-- s get O ,,PTiz, n1)4461111, / 0 ItEIGN CATTLE Y 4 p • uil ock , , ATTLE AT COV . E.—The auction of h.. erday, ... s B, bY Mr. Hammond, at Mount Cros . ier, Cove, i' l l: dl 4 c ,`„‘ .. a, toleF a bl y from well attended. . The am i m ng als ap -201,,!0 124 Z';',`2,n. condition, mad produced pri9:3 g 4:in g ;';' 11 ,,, s C. olonel 13uske, Prospect-villa, o r b ah ought a lot few w ood, '„ 1 ,.1 1 • , Mr. Tighe, Coolmore, Bull, 1 t at 10/. 10s. ; th e 2rtr e p ass u e lc l a lot at 9/. 10s. ; M!.. 81 . a lot at 10/. A ed to satisfy sed e ' l lpect ation u. Y. buyers not seeming 4 te t ehd, w 8 °f the importer. Their average epee weight, we p 'Cork V )41,1 be something about 5 cwt. or 5i ,hefts IN, ePporter. at 114,4 tt an "X4tI GRT T o fairs were held this . week, ' e ,t -agh '" w 1 , otimore, in this ,at wi,;_, , h and the other at Tur cn o Gf li' 0 1% lell, attendance of buyers was exceedingly The fair tilikplagher w ' the demand for stock very grea was left C c/ ,, and th as so good that scarcely a sheep ,Y 17i,.' e nthe is stated of the fair at Turloughmore.— i,,lift _ath-leator. .I.sttcicare'rtY"-LoxGPoRD SATURDAY.--Yesterday eothue leo o f NI: division of the ' Bth Royal Irish Hussrs corn. tkhi t . "f Lie„tr°°P, with the band staff, 1i',,,1b to ~"enant-Oolonel M'Call, marched in here rrived. &c., übder the from h r 'ride -enl,3' quarters. This day a second t troo re p n a 41td • stand a ,tip,. Iti ull. ' cittarters Tegral:l.lat.praeensYhoort.tltyh t e o 6 m t h o vFoo to , ngford Journal. this tow n ttostoac !....- t i P1,,, ,, 'rti BRAZILS. packet Peterel, pki'litilhatit Rere!ErPTl;ri..23.d--Rheir MaLnesutyo'n's with the Brazil _ uv i:',illk th!llig sailed fro ll na re Rio t de Janeiro the 30th of J bring -11,, the I.,'lii3t!), and Pernambuco the 19th of August,ile_an, Mr. liir'sn.4ehLi°ewtog Passengers :—Mr. Hely,.. Mr. It., Ivetste.tle NV. Thomas, RS" Mr. li.' Moir, Mr. Rees, . ip g0,44(11471. ra nt r .a Mr. Lane! 50,000!. in freight , Ititeijkst ande,,rYl', R.N. ; and having F. Heyman, Paiva, 1 4 4 , oge ttee ( ,utatuonds. t ad ettleh invtguervoiezoltojeine republics,Videan.looked for through English 4fi brße ntirt...._'. the settlement of theifferences between s at B luttreseuetrel sailed. The'llvtast accounts from tile R h v British Noi4tei.: that Rosas wa,Zie n s communication witht the e former, l ltlli ' ll l'i's 's I :* . O useley • the first overture from i _ d 48 hours i l e o r Plate r eam fo r ' -11satisfactorv' had been answered, epm, ac at er , . , t tici td ,8 Were k t ready f Con but it was h ulti• Ne he , ep or ac i , lit ' 6 hib 6°Ncal reply. In the interim the m Englis o h n and was with t e tr o :`, 4 l of th e would be compelled to reported to be ki fir th i ll to ritish Representative, who ..c A 4 , Profoll 'I, "'lands, the nature of wui he tatil keltesasalel 300 eteeruest leivor bfereonmetiosrtoewrne _ d at B R? i lef f i i 3 e r e e t t at 1 staff.,l however, was th;tltgll4(tSrest°TeheeliPeeYterPerlelvifstleiet! '•(l)Ei.itehste's shiPs'Grueciao! ho me "l, 'Vulture at Rio dee Janeiro, but at Bahi m a er inf prior to talakevt7sensaalouht up by the coast mail steamer itil'hr(!:Ywilad captitr%attwteheelVavuelrteure had left Riofollow- Sik i ! the ("84111°. Political news stirring at Rio, and the corn_ and on the alitrtilaild nor:3:lforraation we can glean regarding the continued difficult as rtit;tutli,re, gis Ula,rktt :---DISCOM:itt3 until 4:titki'erldg sh°4ld beal4ns enormous weight of IL O! ihl i e i til amelioration til tt 4 . _ debt e of L , ‘ B rea f the counetrs9yltwhiclei from its magnitude, b e ,. expected kh;kue comer- 4' Portion of the 'sum usually at the disposal moneyt :treat hile,ial„l)°(lY. in times when the demaildfor Doto,(sl::)istiti oiii`nlauneeefaltlitwis for obtaining it diminished. to d t.)254,3 I‘,itehrlegard to this object. Echange _o u n en Lo b the fil‘::1)?e ratesl4 se. Stock, 75 and 75% had p_ ruille.,..qhoted the market flat, but lately evinced 408.Zight4to 9,v't, .1.4 t 5 . Titwerp, 47s fid • Channel, 50s. ; Con_sla_nttei k ebaburgh, 47,:ed. to 505.; Trieste, au** ti:flie foll4;ina f. e t Plat e : ......g is a list of the foreign naval forces in, the men. unrnsu • 210 180 t 5,11114 Curacoa ............. Guns.2B 140 'e,,II:1) Satellite ... • 22 ‘,.:41P Coinus ........... •• 20 110 I,:V,rig Frolie ''''''''''''''''' 16 ...... •*" lOO rligr iteorn .................... .11 14 •••••• 80 b_, 11.lOrtlel ............. . 14 40 trigantyie Dolphin • •- • 43 IGO Rpßantine Spider • • - 160 ''',..`e4lner Gorg n ..... ... ... .. .. 6 '"allier Vireerand ........ 11 1,310 133 500 P RENCIL igato Africaine ... ...... 60 500 500 kigateAtalante ............ 60 qgate trigone . ....... 60 rC o rv ette Px editive 18 tirvgebttae„Cz9.4 uPettP ..... 100 Ile,. jasso Ate ... ...... ''?.o t r !g Pandc, .............. ... l'2 k l 4 bt leo w i t eci r c . ...... ...... I 6 120 Steer p uiton e ••• ......... :., 0 130 Yla - LI ... .................... 3 .3 30 C —____ l;t ette C t l'ett lite ItAzilzaic B2 2,230 o rt , e 2 j Fl)6 .. • Nett e 7 A tilio .. ... ••• 20 ,Co l ette 11 4 wril ......... —24 ...... lBO iirett, c ertio ga ......... 22 !g e a • 1111 / 1 0 ........ 22 SrigaPlb e . 1) ...... , Ni _ ri e ........ 18 160 Lltztar ue Olind ........ ............ 1 ille A a ... / 8 rg u , ............ 1. 6 1 ........... .. 1 1 00 10 80 M1M1... 146 Corp eu. , AMERICAN. 200 --' kboaton ............ 22 . „.• rr et ,„ A SARDINIAN. 200 kiri g e `trguilla ......... 22 • . r klauo 130 ............... 330 38 C °Vttte J oao PORTU GUESE. I. - ......... 22 ... 180 Dr riti sh Vesssurs.l4".Guns Men. 111. 11 ell 10 138 azn.a ....... 10 Al 4 in ...... 282 S am . • ...... 146 Po rt it ban :••• •1, •••—• 22 li gnefse ........ •••• • • 38 1 .... 22 k It t „ 32 648 5,400 ~,4 4 -.Av t 1.4 '3ie ttr at Pe of thti°AGE.--The-papers complain of the iti era e travellingroa in Spain. No wonder I Isn't Mon , . 4,_ n t 41 thi, e i-I' N HA..g here with his manuscripts I—Punch . . °lt hi, fav o ,, 4 REGISTRATION. The result is 113 '4 look , - able to the Liberal cause, giving us a total gin , trr et , ok f ry , _!,,,,3,ry Clone of about 90 votes, and enabling Ckite, Collacien42.a.to an election, come when it may, with At 44 ni t . ,,, ,t e e the success of the Liberal candidate.- 134 k Et,Atie 'loner. l'tv'' ',NI "Ll' bEA'r —Mr. Ix or A GENTLEMAN. kßtdl.4' Atil " 5 ' 4 1 cone' t, %ix t , e-end____, uded an inquiry yesterday at the Earl Grey t,,,,'Z0 Nv-orte 3.,a;Z.14, respecting the deatk of Smith, ti. 44 W i ' s i ' 4 gentlern Police -constable 334 K statedthat the de th ht_ e"_,, _au of fortune, and resided at Maunders -terrace, 0,4 1 n1 a iiti..4,1.8. On Priday night last, whi st on duty, wit pr"thi:oh,,;svin.nt reliyelandloar to a person snoring. He knocked at 44440the''"ts ,",_g 00/11in,, il answer. About a quarter to six on s4a,"'e to ~,,,i't„," man who was going to work on the „ 44,, (•itller ~„"e, and said some person was lying in '''cl e '9 `'l t eek 'ill or very M. Witness then obtained winiam 1.1 r" D._ 1,, v 4 , l vn __ , W e 1 door down from its hinges, when the raly<ei, gtaiist Tilnaceoth his head hanging down the staircase t4tti, 4„ , r. Ile was insensible and in a state of ht, es 3 14 ea or, the e.wellyu, surgeon, said he was called to il'Z.o,tlWill •strib ' 41,,°nling in question ;he was insensible, but ~,, oti k ,„.e hemmer win, and he subsequently rallied and made e"4„,munde,, itionroe on Saturday evening and diedble, at tour acqaat tZ l o stat e a r t o ny from fracture of the'eervical vertebrx. . 04,44. , p.,,, t , . wu ',bless that he had fallen down stairs about l'tilk et ,„` t. iiiplo dee"e'.. !,, t ht, *which would no doubt account for the JttriZci on titaeizer;:ll:.eseolerftonaleii?utaf2to4.otoOal/a,nto be equally shared her evidence, re tittlied 4 ywt_,.%t orn,ar 41 1 9 nature of the ca3ge o ' t Which the ' AccitleAtill leth." ' aftsr W -- 1 - " 0 -4/ ,e <o . - _ .7 . .-. • '.- --- -71-1////-/''' --- ..-------- -...................." 4 s IT i i, sl . %.........., . A., :-\---17=_()7,7•-71',3, ...,„...-„....... 1,-A , -- , I,IE -, _. - • .- e j , -',.* ...., .. • 1 .. ,, - ..'" 4' ~,,„ . 4 :, „„„...b,„, -,,,.. .. p. 4'' • .. Ari , ' ,-, •A. ..A. ei .41.1... , ... . M,._... .I . ~ x . , 1. h i 1 7 Ai--'' - ', * ii - .. 1 / 4 ',:. l' ~ :• ' - '• "' , ' X ' " ' 4W e• - - ' p. -4 <- Fr - • • ' ' $ -k .. ... 4 g 0 ti:' .s. •-, ~.. --,- • - 4 ......-... , ~ „. t'' ).T. , I,s, - - - ....: 7 , :.4 'r . ... - • :: - -,-, -4 - ' '-- •• 7. - 4 ' ''' ' '''-' '''''-''''''/ - 4 ' c ..- , - • 11 ). $ N, ' 4 ' 1::: - -,-'• 4 , E ' X::: ':.- - ek. •; , ~.. , , ~. • • y . , „„,. 11 • 4 1 4 , \. * Jae ~... .. , ,„1„ 4 1 / 4 .. ft: 1 i. ....... , : " 3 .4 t, 7 .: ,..i . : . 4 , ~.7 ,.., , ‘ ~ ''s* .'' 4 4 '''' 7 :-. l tri '''''' Un+ !\..,,:-.(.."...,_ - 4 , „,. • • ',- -- --." .. . I . - ',.. . , , --- _.= -..,... I ,::.,, - - -:....7 ----.: , ..-:• --s-t: _ ......._,.. ,..1 . :4 - . _ CHRIST'S HOSPITAL. On Monday, according to annual custom, the Lord Mayor, several of the Aldermen, the Sheriffs, and Go vernors of this magnificent educational establishment, after attending Divine service at Christ's Church, New gate-street, where a sermon was preached by the Rev. W. H. Guillemard, MA., of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, proceeded to the great Hall of the Hospital, to hear the orations delivered, as on St. Matthe%N 's day, by the senior scholar of the foundation. The Hall was crowded with ladies and gentlemen, amongst whom were a consider able number of clergymen. Immediately behind the rostrum, in the centre of the floor, sat the Rev. Dr. Rice, the respected :head -master, surrounded by his assistants and the senior scholars. The speeches "On the Benefits of the Royal Hospitals" were delivered in Latin, by E. T. Scargill, second Grecian, who is pro ceeding to Pembroke College, Cambridge ; in English, by G. E. Evans, first Grecian and mathematical medalist, 1844, who is proceeding to Lincoln College, Oxford, as Rowed scholar ; in Greek, by William Frederick Green field, fourth Grecian and mathematical medallist, 1843, who is proceeding to Pembroke College, Cambridge ; and in French, by George Voigt, third Grecian and classical medallist, 1845, who is proceeding to Clare Hall. Cambridge. These compositions, as far as we could judge, were characterised by purity and elegance of thought and diction, and were delivered with an intelli gence, self-possession, and appropriate emphasis credit • able alike to master and scholar. The exhibition also com prised—" Latin Alcaics, on the Norman Conquest," recited by Thomas Johnson Potter, seventh Grecian and mathematical medallist, 1845: - " Greek lambics, trans lation of part of Belial's speech in Paradise Lost," by Malcolm Laing, fifth Grecian. "An English Ode on China," by Thomas Stedman Polehampton, sixth Grecian. " Latin Hexameters, translation from Pope's Windsor Forest,"' by Edward Hayman, tenth Grecian. " Greek lamlics, the Address of Regulus to the Senate," by Edward Algernon Newton, eighth Grecian. " Latin Elegiacs, on the Murder of the two Princes in the Tower," by Charles Edward Searle, eleventh Grecian. " Greek Sapphics, on Her Majesty's 'Fist to Christ's Hospital," by John Daniel Williams, ninth Grecian ; and an "English Poem, on the Fall of Babylon," by William All an R usse ll, twelfth Grecian. Where all acquitted themselves so well, we would not make invi dious distinction. We must, however, say, we were much pleased with the English oration, by Evans, the first Grecian ; the French oration, by Voigt, third Gre cian ; the Latin Hexameters, by Hayman, tenth Gre cian ; the Greek lambics, by Newton, eighth Grecian ; and the Engli s h p oem on " The Fall of Babylon," by W.A. Russell, twelfth Grecian. The proceedings of the day, which were extremely interesting, were terminated by the " blue-coat" boys, who thronged the spacious organ gallery, singing the National Anthem, which they accomplished in most effective style. exclaiming, Finis Polonier—the end of Poland! Six thousand Poles covered the field of battle; three generals, besides the commander-in-chief and 3,000 men, together with the camp, baggage, and artillery, fell into the hands of the victors. The Polish hero was sent under an escort of 3,000 men to Petersburgh, where he languished in close con finement till the death of the vindictive Catherine, when her son and successor restored hini to liberty, with 12,000 other Poles immured in Russian prisons." islander will at once tell from which of the islands a tortoise has come ; and the same difference is observed with regard to the birds, the reptiles, and the plants. We have been detained so long at the Galapagos Islands that we have barely time to glance at Otaheite and New Zealand. At Otaheite our author saw Queen Pomare, and thus describes that now celebrated lady : " The :Queen is a large awkward woman, without any beauty, grace, or dignity. She has only one royal attribute: a perfect immoveability of expression under all circum stances, and that rather a sullen one." He speaks of the New Zealanders as a warlike but dirty race, superior in physical strength to the Ota heitans, but inferior to them in intellectual endowments, and in elegance of personal appearance. Mr. Darwin is inclined to attribute very beneficial results to the labours of the missionaries in both these islands. He next visited Australia, the shores of which he says he quitted without sorrow or regret. He then proceeded to the Keeling or Cocos Islands, situated in the Indian Ocean, about 600 miles from the coast of Sumatra "Keeling Island is one of the lagoon islands (or atolls) of coral formation, similar to those in the Low Archipelago which we passed near. When the ship was in the channel at the en trance, Mr. Liesk, an English resident, came off in his boat. The history of the inhabitants of this place, in as few words as possible, is as follows. About nine years ago Mr. Hare brought from the East Indian Archipelago a number of Malay slaves, which now, including children, amount to more than a hundred. Shortly afterwards, Captain Ross, who had before visited these islands in his merchant ship, arrived from England, bringing with him his family and goods for settlement ; along with him came Mr. Liesk, who had been a mate in his vessel. The Malay slaves soon ran away from tha islet on which Mr. Hare was settled, and joined Captain Ross's party. Mr. Hare upon this was ultimately obliged to leave the place. "The Malays are now nominally in a state of freedom, and certainly are so, as far as regards their personal treatment ; but in most other poiats they are considered as slaves. From tneir discontented state, from their repeated removals from islet to islet, and perhaps also from a little mismanagement, things are not very prosperous. The island has no domes tic quadruped, excepting the pig, and the main vegetable production is the cocoa-nut. The whole prosperity of the place depends on this tree : the only exports being oil from she nut, and the nuts themselves, which are taken to Singa pore and Mauritius, where they are chiefly used, when grated, in making curries. On the cocoa-nut, also, the pigs, which are loaded with fat, almost entirely subsist, as do the ducks and poultry. Even a huge bind -crab is furnished by nature with the means to open and feel on this most useful production." MURRAY'S HOME AND COLONIAL LI , BRARY. No. XXIV. DARWIN'S JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD. Pal t This part concludes Mr. Darwin's very interesting "Journal of his Voyage Round the World, in H.M.S. Beagle, during the Years 1832-3-4-5-6." It contains the history of his adventures and discoveries on the coasts of Chili, Peru—in the Galapagos Archipelago—at Otaheite and New Zealand, in Australia—at Keeling Island, the Mauritius, St. Helena, Bahia, and Pernam buco, from which last place the Beagle sailed for Eng land, and arrived at Falmouth on the 2d of October. Mr. Darwin, as our readers are aware, is by profession a naturalist, and his journal is replete with interesting details regarding the botany, zoology, and geology of the various districts he visited. In South America it would appear that his geological researches were occa sionally visited with an eye of suspicion. He says— "My geological examinatio n o f th e coun t ry genera ll y created a good deal of surprise amongst the Chilenos ; it was long before they could be convinced that I was not hunting for mines. This was sometimes troublesome ; I found the most ready way of explaining my employment, was to ask them how it was that they themselves were not curious con cerning earthquakes and volcangs ?—why some springs were hot and others celd ?—why there were mountains in Chile, and not a hill in La Plata ? These bare questions at once satisfied and silenced the greater number; some, however (like a few in England who are a century behindhand), thought that all such inquiries were useless and impious ; and that it was quite sufficient that God had thus made the mountains." His account of Galapagos Archipelago is the most minute and elaborate that has ever appeared. These islands, which are ten in number, are situated imme diately under the Equator, and between 500 and 600 miles west of the coast of America. They are all formed of volcanic rocks ; and Mr Darwin says—" I scarcely hesitate to affirm that there must be in the whole Archi pelago at least 2,000 craters." The climate is far from excessively hot, and although the lower parts of the islands are sterile, the upper parts, at the height of 1,000 feet and upwards, possess a damp climate and a luxuriant vegetation. Our author first landed on Chatham Island— " Which, like the others, rises with a tame and rounded out line, broken here and there by scattered hill oc k s, t h e remains of former craters. Nothing could be less inviting than the first appearance. A broken field of black basaltic lava, thrown into the most rugged waves, and crossed by great fissures, is everywhere covered by stunted, sun -burnt brush. wood, which shows little signs of life. The dry and parched surface, being heated by the noon-day sun, gave to the air a close and sultry feeling, like that from a stove : we fancied even that the bushes smelt unpleasantly. Although I di ligently tried to collect as many plants as possible, I suc ceeded in getting very few ; and such wretched-looking little weeds would have better become an arctic than an equatorial Flora. The brushwood appears, from a short distance, as leafless as our trees during winter; and it was some time be fore I discovered that not only almost every plant was now in full leaf, but that the greater number were in flower. The commonest bush is one of the Euphorbiacem : an acacia and a great odd-looking cactus are the only trees which afford any shade. After the season of heavy rains, the islands are said to appear for a time partially green. The volcanic island of Fernando Noronha, placed in many respects under nearly similar conditions, is the only other country where I have seen a vegetation at all like this of the Galapagos islands. " The Beagle sailed round Chatham Island, and anchored in sevaral bays. One night I slept on shore on a part of the island, where black truncated cones were extraordinarily numerous ; from one small eminence I counted sixty, ' them, all surmounted by craters more or less perfect. The greater number consisted merely of a ring of red scoriae or slags, cemented together; and their height above the plain of lava was not more than from fifty to a hundred feet; none had been very lately active. The entire surface of this part of the island seems to have been permeated, like a sieve, by the subterranean vapours ; here and there the lava, whilst soft, has been blown into great bubbles ; and in other parts, the tops of caverns similarly formed have fallen in, leaving circular pits with steep sides. From the regular form of the many craters, they gave to the country an artificial appear ance, which vividly reminded me of those parts of Stafford shire, where the great iron• foundries are mostnumerous. The day was glowing hot, and the scrambling over the rough surface and through the intricate thickets, wasvery fatiguing; but I was well repaid by the strange Cyclopean scene. As I was walking along I met two large tortoises, each of which must have weighed at least two hundred pounds ; one was eating a piece of cactus, and as I approached, it stared at me and slowly stalked away; the other gave a deep hiss, and drew in its head. These huge reptiles, surrounded by the black lava, the leafless shrubs, and large cacti, seemed to my fancy like some antediluvian animals. The few dull-coloured birds cared no more for me than they did for the great tortoises." The Beagle then proceeded to Charles Island, another of the group, upon which, within the lust few years, a colony has been established, by persons who have/been banished from the Republic of Quito for political offences: " The inhabitants, although complaining of poverty, ob tain, without much trouble, the means of subsistence. In the woods there are many wild pigs and goats; but the staple article of animal food is supplied by the tortoises. Their numbers have of course been greatly reduced in this island, but the people yet count on two days' hunting giving them food for the rest of the week. It is said that formerly single vessels have taken away as many as seven hundred, and that the ship's company of a frigate some years since brought down in one day two hundred tortoises to the beach." The Galapagos are most interesting, however, to the student of natural history, and, as Mr. Darwin well observes— " The natural history of these islands is eminently curious, and well deserves attention. Most of the organic produc tions are aboriginal creations, found nowhere else ; there is even a difference between the inhabitants of the different islands, yet all show a marked relationship with those of America, though separated from that continent by an open space of ocean, between 500 and 600 miles in width. The archipelago is a little world within itself, or rather a satellite attached to America, whence it has derived a few stray colonists, and has received the general character of its indigenous productions. Considering the small size of these islands. we feel the more astonished at the number of their aboriginal beings, and at their confined range. Seeing every height crowned with its crater, and the boundaries of most of the lava-streams still distinct, we are led to believe that within a period, geologically recent, the unbroken ocean was here spread out. Hence, both in space and time, we seem to be brought somewhat near to that great fact—that mystery of mysteries--the first appearance of new beings on this earth." This island is a coral formation, and our author de votes some thirty or forty pages to a scientific account of the theory of the formation of coral groups. He re turned to Europe by way of St. Helena and Brazil, having completely circumnavigated the globe in not quite five years. In the retrospect with which he con cludes, of the advantages and disadvantages, the pains and the pleasures, attending a circumnavigation of the globe, he thus speaks of the savage wandering wild in his native woods : " Of individual objects, perhaps nothing is more certain to create astonishment than the first sight in his native haunt of a barbarian,—of man in his lowest and most savage state. One's mind hurries back over past centuries, and then asks, could our progenitors have been men like these? —men, whose very signs and expressions are leas intelligible to us than those of the domesticated animals; men, who do not possess the instinct of those animals, nor yet appear to boast of human reason, or at least of arts consequent on that rea son. Ido not believe it is possible to describe or paint the difference between savage and civilized man. It is the dif ference between a wild and tame animal : and part of the interest in beholding a savage, is the same which would lead every one to desire to see the lion in his desert, the tiger tearing his prey in the jungle, or the rhin oceros wandering over the wild plains of Africa." Yet for even this degraded being there is hope:— " From seeing the present state, it is impossible not to look forward with high expectation to the future progress of nearly an entire hemisphere. The march of improvement, consequent on the introduction of Christianity throughout the South Sea, probably stands by itself in the records of his tory. It is the more striking when we remember that only sixty years since, Cooke, whose excellent judgment none will dispute, could foresee no prospect of a change. Yet these changes have now been effected by the philanthropic spirit of the British nation. LOSS OF THE HYDERABAD AND CARINGA PACKET. (From the Calcutta Star of Aug. 7.) We have been favoured with the following extracts from a letter by the captain of the Hyderabad, giving an account of her loss : " We left Sydney on the 3d of May, and had a tedious passage to the edge of the reefs. When within a hundred miles the weather became squally. On the 18th, at day light, saw the reefs from the decks ; kept working under easy sail till noon, and found that we had drifted fifty miles to the northward. Oa the 19th, kept beating about till the 23d, in hopes of regaining our position, but we found ourselves even still set to the northward. I then made up my mind to run through the above passage (the Murray Island one); unfor tunately the ship drew too much water, although in Flinder's Chart there is twenty-five fathoms marked where the ship struck, and in Horsburg's Directory it says—' A fine clear passage.' We found no more water on the shoal than fifteen feet; everything available was thrown overboard; and a stream anchor carried out to the deepest water. Night coming on, the ladies with some of their luggage were put into the long boat. About seven P.M. ' during a gust o f wind, the ship slipped o ff th e ree f into deep water. After anchoring, we found the ship began to settle fast down, gain ing on the pumps about two feet per hour. By midnight both pumps were choked. All hands were summoned to the boats where they had been previously placed. At two A. 31. all hands being in the boats and fast astern, the ship began to settle fast by the head. About three A.M. the main deck blew up and the mainmast went. The ship then sunk, having her trucks above water. We then steered for the York Islands, being in the track of ships proceeding through the Straits, where we arrived on the 29th, and finally at Booby Island on the 31st, where I made the best arrangements I possibly could, with our scanty stock - of provisions, for the long boat to proceed on to Port Essington. On the Ist of June, having embarked 28 persons, and having five pieces of pork, 25 of bread, and 100 gallons of water, I set sail for Es sington, having brou g ht M as t er Melville Sandys, Miss Mary Sandys, and their nurse, Mrs. Murphy, in the long boat. We arrived safe on the 6th, and I had the gratification of seeing the remainder of the crew and passengers brought in by the schooner Shamrock on the 7th. As the schooner was not large enough to accommodate the passengers, the com mander thought it better to remain till the Fly surveying ship came in, who will, in all probability, take them back to Sydney." The Shamrock, as we announced, managed to convey some of the passengers to Ceylon, whence they have come on here. The children mentioned above, have arrived safely at Singa pore. Among the horses, it appears that 12 were Govern ment property; the others were on private speculation. As some anxiety prevails in town upon the subject, we give from the Sydney Morning Herald the following item : " The passengers on board the Hyderabad, Robertson, were—Mrs. Betts, three daughters, and son, Mr. J. C. Lvall, Mr. A. Ford, Miss and Master Sandys, Dr. Child, Mrs. Mur phy, Messrs. J. Knowles, John Stewart, James Broderich, G. P. Lynch, James Mason, Christopher Laurel, Colin Munro, David Peacock, Edward Brown, John Stacey, W. Philip, and E. Hall. She exported, among other items-11 horses, J. R. Bettington ; 9 horses, C. Throsby; 12 horses, A. W. Dallas; 41 horses, John Mackay; 26 horses, Dr. Child ; 4 horses, T. S. Morton; 3 horses, G. A. Lloyd; 3 ho r s es , A. C . Brown ; 2 ho rses , E. Hunt. The Caringa Packet, Chillcott, which was bound for Ceylon, carried Lieut. Blackall, Ensign Bloomfield, Mr. E. Lord, and Mr. Henry Van Deerlin." (From the Madras Atheneum of July 26.) The interest you always take in matters regarding navi gation and the welfare of shipping has induced me to lay be fore you the following particulars of the unfortunate loss of the barque Caringa packet under my command. We sailed from Sydney on the 26th of April, bound for Ceylon and Madras. Nothing of any note occurred until the sth of May, when we passed about twelve miles to the eastward of Wreck Reef ; the wind then veered to the E.N.E., and not being able to clear Alert Reef and other dangers, bore away to pass to the westward. On the 7th of May, at sunset, shortened sail so as to pass through some dangers known by the name of Tregosis's Island, on the Bth at noon passed them in sight, and shaped a course N.W. by W. for Lizard Island off the N.E. coast of New Holland, when at 9.45 p.m. the chief officer, who had the watch on deck, discovered something of an unusual appearance ahead. He called me, but before I had time to order the helm to be put hard a-port, the ship struck with a tremendous crash on a reef and slewed broadside on. Immediately found seven feet water in the hold. I ordered the masts to be cut away and the anchors to be let go, for fear the vessel should be driven over the reef and sink in deep water—not being able to descry anything around us, but a foaming sea. I then held a consultation with the passengers and officers, when we decided to remain by the wreck until daylight if possible, the sea now breaking over the ship with tremendous violence. Fortunately the masts had gone clear of the ship without injury to the boats, which we now secured well. Daylight, as you may suppose, was looked for by all on board with the greatest anxiety, when, to our great joy, a small island was discovered not more than half a mile from the ship. The wreck now lying more steady, being well hove up on the reef, ragged a pair of shears and with great difficulty succeeded in getting the boats out without injury ; we then commenced to save what pro visions and water we could get at, and at night all hands went to sleep on the island. At daylight again went to the wreck, and found that during the night the sea had beat violently over her, and her decks and topsides had partly se parated.- We managed to procure a few more casks of water, and some spars to construct a raft, our boats being only three in number, and not large, they were not sufficient to carry all hands the different of , 1,200 miles before it was likely of come to any place of succour. The raft I constructed was as jallows,Four,_,Aiars, lower yards and top-masts, -placed at equal distances, five cross pieces with empty water casks lashed between each cross-piece; the whole well bolted and lashed; then came four upright stanchions, and a platform laid over all. Laslfed on a 100 gallon cask cf water and sent all hands on. It appeared to meet our expectations. We then got the boats up on the beach to repair, found the cutter much damaged, covered her bottom with tarred canvas. Everything now being ready, the day fixed for our departure was the 21st of May. On the morning of this day mustered all hands and allotted them to their respective boats, having a crew of 24 men and the chief officer in charge of the raft. The Lascars refused to proceed; the Tindal came to me and said they would rather we should proceed in the boats, as they had now suffi, - ;ient water and provisions for three months, and no doubt by that time we could procure assistance. This opi nion being unanimous, we decided to man the boats, the crews of which were as follows :—Long boat, 3 passengers, second mate and myself in charge, the rest of the boat being occupied by provisions and water ; cutter, 1 passenger, 2 sea cunnies, 3 lascars and chief officer in charge ; gig, carpenter, 2 seacunnies, and Mr. E. Lord in charge—making in the whole 15 souls. At 4 P.M. on the 21st left the island with a fine breeze from the S.E. ; on the 22d it blew hard, with a heavy sea, but being a moonlight night, it enabled me to keep the boats together. We were much pleased to find the boats behave so well, but as you may suppose it was a constant scene of baling. On the 23d it still continued to blow, and the sea running very high we now had to expe- rience a very melancholy accident, which threw a gloom over all hands ; for about eight P.m. the gig was capsised by a sea, and, lam sorry to state, Mr. E. Lord sunk to rise no more ; the rest of the crew were saved by the cutter and my self. Proceeded on our voyage—daylight moderate. Lizard Island in sight. We now found the weather we had expe rienced had not only damaged our scanty stock of provisions, but had also made the water brackish. On the 25th entered the Barrier Reef, and steered for Booby Island, in hopes of falling in with her Majesty's ship Fly. Our next anxiety was that of the natives, as we had to pass through the group of islands noted for the inhospitable character of the people, and where the ill-fated crews of the Eaten and Stirling Cas tle, a few years back, were barbarously murdered ; and had we been perceived in our defenceless state, no doubt we should have shared the same fate. We saw several of their fires on the land, but I passed through under the cloak of night. On the tenth day arrived at Booby Island, where we found the crew of the ship Hydrabad, of 600 tons, from Sydney, bound to Calcutta, having lost their ship entering Torres Straits. Fresh water was procured on the island, and we managed to do pretty well, in the way of provisions, with the oysters and a few fish I caught at times. On the 23d the schooner Shamrock hove in sight. I immediately went off in the boat, and was rejoiced to find an old pas senger on board, and that the schooner was bound to Ceylon. I need not say that we all met with a most hearty reception from Mr. Hasall and the commander. He came to anchor, and took the crews of both ships on board, in the whole 62 souls, and proceeded for Port Essington. The commander of that place, Captain M'Arthur, has promised that every exertion shall be used to promote the dispatch of a vessel for the relief of the men left on the island. After remaining three days we again sailed, bound for Ceylon, with the fol lowing passengers :—Captain Robertson, of the late ship Hydrabad, and four passengers, myself, chief and second officers, and three of my crew. To Mr. Hasall, owner of the Shamrock, as well as, to Captain Browning, the commander, we all owe a debt of gratitude for their generosity, attention, and kind treatment to us during the voyage. The position of the danger on which the Caringa packet was wrecked is as follows :—Latitude 16 52 30 south, longi tude by the means of 20 lunar observations 149 55 45 E.— the chronometer showing a longitude of 149 55 E., variation of the compass 9 degrees E. ; rise of tide at springs 5 feet ; the island about 10 feet above the level of the sea, surrounded by a reef dry in some places at low water, the wreck of the vessel bearing N.E., by half a mile, and the whole of this danger does not exceed 4i miles in circumference. Another small island we observed to the S. W. about four miles, and apparently a safe passage between the two, although the charts show a clear navigation from the Tregonis Island to the coast of New Holland in a N.W. direction. It is my opinion that other dangers exist, for on the 3rd night after leaving the island in the boats I am certain we passed in the vicinity of other dangers, although we saw nothing at daylight. I have the honour to remain, yours obediently, (Signed) F. B. CHILCOTT. " In the same quarter of the globe Australia is rising, or indeed may be said to have risen, into a grand centre of civilization, which, at some not very remote period, will rule as empress over the southern hemisphere. It is impossible for an Englishman to behold these distant colonies, without a high pride and satisfaction. To hoist the British flag, seems to draw with it, as a certain consequence, wealth, prosperity, and civilization." Let us hope that it may even be thus—that among savage nations the British flag may ever be the herald of wealth, prosperity, and civilization; but, in order that such should continue to be the case the theory of colo nization must be studied as a science, and carried out as a national enterprise, not as a mere official job. MADRID and VALENCIA RAIL WAY. It will have been seen in our advertising columns that another and very important Spanish Railway Company has been organised. We refer to the line intended to be constructed from Madrid to Valencia, the execution of which has received the sanction of Queen Isabella and her Government The lis:; of directors includes many English names of distinction, and the district through which the railway is to pass seems to present more than the or dinary facilities for the execution of the work. The length of the line will be about 200 miles, upwards of eighty of which cross the almost perfectly level plain of Valencia. The prospectus issued states that, al though no minute survey has yet been made, ‘‘ it is well known that there is no di s t r i c t o f equa l extent in the kingdom which presents so few engineering difficulti6s." The estimate of traffic returns is very flattering, and, taking all the circumstances together, the speculative body appear to anticipate no obstacle to the success of the undertaking. We well remember the failure that was experienced in the establishment of a line of railroad between Port St. Mary and Xeres. A commencement was made of that short line of only six or eight miles, but it was presently aban doned, and the' completion of lines of the length of two and three hundred miles, in Spain, may be thought by many to be all but impracticable. Influenced by the example of the other States of Europe, and by the great progress that has been made in locomotive affairs within the last few years, the Spaniards are, however, at length throwing off their habitual lethargy, and they . , too, like the sluggish Italians, will now have their railways. Our capitalists should, we think, be content with the field that is open to them at home for the investment of their moneys; but they have hitherto been perfectly insensible to any counsel the press has had to offer them on that head. They have contributed immensely to the success of the schemes set on foot in France, Belgium, and Holland. They have also stimulated railway en terprise in the colonies of Spain by their ready advances of the funds required, nor can it be believed that they are to be restrained (admitting that it were desirable they should be) from lending their assistance to the mother country. If, then, they are determined to proceed in this line of specula tion, it may not be improper to suggest that the rail road projected from the capital to Valencia seems to be as eligible a scheme as any of the Spanish or other fo reign lines (out of France) that have been announced. We deem it better, at all events, that they should send their su perfluous wealth to the most dreary wilderness abroad, whether it be in the South or the North, than to employ it in the disfigurement of some of the picturesque districts which have been marked out for the operations of the railway exca vator at home, and we suppose there must be some limit to this sort of business. —Morning Post. CORK AND BANDON RAILWAY. Thursday a vast concourse of both classes, patrician and plebeian, took place on the hill of Kilpatrick, near Dounda niel Castle, Innoshannon, to assist at and witness the inte resting ceremony of raising the first sod on the line of the Cork and Bandon Railroad. The pavilion was erected on a large bawn field just above the castle. and affording a pros pect of woods and the windings of the river Bandon, which shows with the finest picturesque effect from this spot. Near the ravilion was a space inclosed with pallisades, in which the Right Honourable the Earl of Bandon, Lieutenant of the County, was to make the initiative in that good work which is to bring comfort into the homes of so many hun dreds of the peasantry, and must result in the bettered con dition of their coming generations, and the general pros perity of the south of Ireland. Notwithstanding the frequency and violence of the showers which fell during the day, crowds of the country people were assembled to watch the proceedings, which came home to their own homes and bosoms with such interest. About half-past two o'clock ar rived the carriages of the Earl and Countess of Bandon, Lord and Lady Bernard, the Hon. H. B. Bernard, and Lady Har riet Bernard. Immediately they appeared on the ground, accompanied by the directors, secretary, solicitors, and engi neers of the line, attended by a crowd of ladies and gentle men, and surrounded on all sides by the peasantry. The Earl then commenced operations. His implements—made by Mr. Hogg, of Patrick -street—were a bright steel shovel and pick-axe, the handles of which were covered with morocco. His Lordship took the pick-axe, raised it with much dexterity, and bringing it down, exclaimed with great heartiness, " Success to the Cork and .Bandon Railway." The act and the sentiment were alike applauded by the shouts of the delighted peasantry, again and again repeated as his Lordship shovelled the sod and a quantity of earth into a beautiful mahogany wheelbarrow, with brass wheels, pre sented by Mr. Henr ig ht, one o f the contractors for the line, and then rolled it a few paces along a plank laid for the purpose. The principal personages proceeded to the pavilion, just as a heavy shower was preparing to drench the less pri vileged, who, in spite of the elements, kept their places on the field and round the lofty tent prepared ibr the entertainment of their patrons. The pavillion was large, and of excellent accommodation. It was erected by Mr. Parrott, of Bandon, with good taste and effect, and the flags of the two services, and several others, floated from the roof. Within, a dejeuner was admirably prepared by Mr. Lloyd, of Cork, in which the excellence of the viands, confectionery, &c., the rarity and plenty of the wines, and the regularity and order of attendance, could not be exceeded by the means and appliances of a household banquet. Three tables ran along the large tent, the floor of which was boarded. A raised table, under the dais—if we may assume the emblazoned Cork arms over the Earl's chair to be such—accommodated his Lordship and family. At the lower end were the Ban don arms over the head of the Vice-President. The sides of the temporary banquet-hall were covered with evergreens, and pyramids of flowers were placed at intervals along the tables, and the, proceed.jpge xerevnliveneid. -by „tbe two amateur bands. With these, the intermixture of the dresses of the lady guests, the open front of the pavilion, and the crowded and curious faces of the weather-beaten pea santry that stood around it, regarding in the most respectful manner the progress of the banquet—all formed a scene of great interest and animation. The demeanour of the country people throughout the day was becomingly peaceful and re spectful ; parties.—Cork Constitution. THUNDER-STORM..—ROCHESTER, SEPT. 22.—Yes terday evening, between 6 and 7 o'clock, this neighbourhood was visited by a fearful storm, which furtunately was but of short duration. The vivid flashes of lightning were followed by thunder claps lola alai deep, alittlicronkparfied by a heal"-v -shower of hail and rain, during mhich a young man, named Catt, a brick ma k er , a b out twenty years of age, lo s t his life. He left Strood at about the commencement of the storm, on his way to Cuxtone, a village on the bank of the Medway, about three miles above Rochester-bridge, and before he had proceeded one-third of the distance lost his life. The corpse was found early this morning by a labouring man in the em ploy of Mr. Willi am M anc l ar k , near whose farm the melan choly catastrophe occurred. The electric fluid appears to have struck the unfortunate man on his head, - one side of the face being much burnt, his hat and clothes rent open, and his shoes torn into shreds. RAILWAY WAR.—On Friday last upwards of twenty men were engaged in Barnardcastle by the Directors of the projected York and Carlisle Railway, to be stationed on the various roads and bye-roads in the vicinity, for four teen days, to ascertain the traffic to and from the town. We understand that strict orders have been issued by his Grace the Duke of Cleveland and W. Morrett, Esq., of Roxeby, that the men are by no means to be allowed shelter in the dwelling-houses, nor even in the barns, on their estates. Last week, Mr. Storey, of Auckland, was surveyin- , in the Fatts, near Barnardcastl e , b e l onging to the Duke, of which the police being apprised they immediately proceeded thither, and ordered him to desist, thus further proving the verity of the paragraph l a t e l y going the rounds of the papers, to the effect of his Grace's entire disapproval of a railway on his estates.—Tyne Mercury. EAST SUFFOLK M ILITIA. —Orders were received at Ipswich, on Thursday, from Government, for the staff of the East Suffolk Militia to hold themselves in readiness to undergo inspection, preparatory to completing their numbers. Similar orders, we believe, have been issued to the staff 0: the West Suffolk Militia, and to the staffs generally through out the kingdom. It is expected that these orders are pre liminary to the Militia force being embodied and trained in the ensuing spring; but it is not known at present whether the necessary complementi of men will be raised by ballot or by beat of drum. The Government will proceed on the most economical but efficient plan; and we understand it is not improbable that the East and West Suffolk Regiments will be consolidated under the command of the Duke of Grafton.—lpswiM Journal. DUDLEY.—FATAL COLLIERY ACCIDENT.--On Fri day last an accident occurred at the Wag4on Colliery, by which three men were severely injured. it appeared that they had done their day's work, but remained down the pit after the others had gone up for the purpose of working all night. They had, however, only begun, to work a short time when a quantity of coal fell upon them. One man was so much injured that he was taken home in a senseless state, and died as soon as he was taken up stairs. His name is Joseph 'Vanes, and he has left a wife and family. An in quest has been held on the body by William Robinson, Esq., coroner, and a verdict of "Accidental death" returned. The other two men, whose names we did not ascertain, are not so severely injured, but little hopes are entertained for one of them.— Worcestershire Chronicle. Of the terrestrial mammals, there is' but one that can be considered indigenous to these islands, and that is a species of mouse. Of land-birds, Mr. Darwin obtained twenty-six kinds, all peculiar to the group, and found nowhere else, with the exception of one lark-like finch, from North America. But it is the reptiles which give the most striking character to the zoology of these Islands. There is one small lizard belonging to a South American genus, and two species of the Amblyrhynchus, a genus confined to the Gallapagos. There is one species of snake, one or more species of sea-turtle, no toads or frogs, and two or three species of tortoises. These latter are the wondersbf the island. The follow ing is Mr. Darwin's description of the appearance and habits of this gigantic reptile : " These animals are found, I believe, on all the islands of the Archipelago ; certainly on the greater number. They frequent in preference the high damp parts, but they like wise live in the lower and arid districts. I have already shown, from the numbers which ha ve b een caug h t i n a single day, how very numerous they must be. Some grow to an immense size ; Mr. Lawson, an Englishman, and Vice- Governor of the Colony, told us that he had seen several so large, that it required six or eight men to lift them from the ground ; and that some had afforded as much as two hun dred pounds of meat. The old males are the largest, the females rarely growing to so great a size ; the male can readily be distinguished from the female by the greater length of its tail. The tortoises which live on those islands where there is no water, or in the lower and arid parts of the others, feed chiefly on the succulent cactus. Those which frequent the higher And damp regions, eat the leaves of various trees, a kind of berry (called guayavita) which is acid and austere, and likewise a pale green filamentous lichen (Usnera plicata), that hangs in tresses from the boughs of the trees. "The tortoise is very fond of water, drinking large quan tities, and wallowing in the mud. The larger islands alone possess springs, and these are always situated towards the central parts, and at a considerable height. The tortoises, therefore, which frequent the lower districts, when thirsty. are obliged to travel from a long distance. Hence broad and well-beaten paths branch off in every direction from the wells down to the sea-coast; and the Spaniards by following them up, first discovered th e watering-places. When I landed at Chatham Island, I could not imagine what animal travelled so methodically along well-chosen tracks. Near the springs it was a curious spectacle to behold many of these huge crea tures, one set eagerly travelling on with outstretched necks, and another set returning, after having drunk their fill. When the tortoise arrives at the spring, quite regardless of any spectator, he buries his head in the water above his eyes, and greedily swallows great mouthfuls, at the rate of about ten in a minute. The inhabitants say each animal stays three or four days in the neighboUrhood of the water, and then returns to the lower country ; but they differed re specting the frequency of these visits. The animal probably regulates them according to the nature of the food on which it has lived. It is, however, certain, that tortoises can sub sist even on those islands, when there is no other water than what falls during a few rainy days in the year. " The tortoi s when purposely moving towards any point, travel by night and day, and arrive at their journey's end much sooner than would be expected. The inhabitants, from observing marked individuals, consider that they travel a distance of about eight miles in two or three days. One large tortoise, which I watched, walked at the rate of sixty yards in ten minutes, that is 360 yards in the hour, or tour miles a day,—allowing a little time for it to eat on the road." 1 WILLIAM UPCOTT, ESQ.—It is with infinite regret hat we are called upon to record the death of this well known and respected gentleman, after a very short illness. The melancholy event took place yesterday morning, at his residence at Islington. Mr. Upcott was fur many years Librarian to the London Institution, for which office he was eminently qualified by his extensive acquaintance with every department of literature. He took an active and leading part in placing before the public some of the most popular And valuable works that have issued from the press during the last thirty years. In the course of his useful career he had great pride in collecting and arranging the autograph letters of illustrious persons who flourished during the last and present centuries. The fame of this invaluable collec tion of documents had rendered his name familiar to every lover of literature both at home and abroad. His advice and assistance were eagerly sought by all engaged in the preparation of works of historical importance, and he was ever ready to afford to all who applied to him the benefit of his great experience. In every circle Mr. Upcott was a wel come visitor and universal favourite. His cheerful and agreeable conversation, his profound judgment on all literary , matters, his retentive memory, which furnished an inex haustible fund of anecdote, combined with his kindly dispo sition and agreeable manner of relating what had passed under his immediate observation, will not easily be forgotten by those who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. His loss will be long and deeply felt, and the void occasioned by his decease, more especially in the world of literature, will not be readily supplied. LEGAL CHANGES IN IRELAND.—The next term— so rumour, that widely circulated gazette has it—will wit ness a number of important legal changes, which will give rest to several worn-out judicial functionaries, and remove that sickness of the heart growing out of " hope deferred,' which has long afflicted many a silk-gowned aspirant for' place. Chief Justice Doherty is to retire from the solitude of the Common Pleas, having amassed a large fortune by rail way speculation, for the excellent judge, if not well versed in the mysteries of Bracton, Glanville, and Coke, is said to be an adept in watching the gyrations of the sharemarket, and in return for the Minister granting him a Peerage, he is to keep the ultra-Hibernian legislators in the House of Lords in a state of decorum. The successor of Chief Justice Doherty, the knowing ones assert, will be the Member for Clonmel, who is to receive absolution from Conciliation Hall for accepting a place from the Peel Administration. Chief-Justice Pennefather, in whom age and bodily infirmity have produced a corresponding mental imbecility, is to be, re-placed by Mr. Attorney-General Smith, th oug h it i s we ll known the Mast er o f the Rolls has set his heart upon the Chief-Justiceship of the Queen's Bench. If his promotion could lead to the translation of that upright Judge, Baron Richard, to the Rolls Court—which would be a boon to the country —we should not be sorry to see the Attorney-General, who can afford to wait, retaining a little longer his present office. Judge Burton also, it is reported, will accompany , Chief Justice Pennefather ; and, it is thought, as the pro motion of the Solicitor-General is out of the question, the appointment will be offered to Mr. Richard Moore, the Soli citor-General of Lord Fortescue's Government. A better man, as a lawyer, than Mr. Moore, could not be raised to the judgment -seat. There are other changes mentioned, but our space to-day will not permit us to notice them.— World EAST INDIA SILKS.—The Commissioners of the Customs have had under their consideration several applica tions from the principal importers of East India silk piece goods, stating that great inconvenience is experienced by the trade in consequence of their being required to give a sepa rate bond for each parcel of silk piece goods taken out of the bonded warehouse, under the provisions of the Act 8 and 9 Victoria, chap. 91, sec. 29, for the purpose of being printed or dyed, and requesting that the same may in future be dis pensed with ; and having considered the reports of the prin cipal superintending officers thereon, suggesting, with re ference to the present redu ce d ra t e of duty on the goods in question, that a separate or distinct. bond for each parcel may be dispensed with under the following regulations, viz.: —That the quantity of goods included in each bond be re stricted to 5,000 pieces, and that the period within which the whole are to be required to be returned to the warehouse be limited to three months, application being previously made to the Board, as usual, stating the quantity of goods in tended to be taken out of the warehouse for the purpose mentioned ;—the proposition has been approved experi mentally for a period of three months, and a notice to that effect has been furnished to the several departments ac cordingly, with directions to the officers to report at the expiration of that time as to the effect of the measure. DOVER —(Extract of a lettn.)—On Tuesday last an excursion-party, got up by several respectable tradesmen of the town, started from Dover to Boulogne. The early , part of the morning being exceedingly fine, there were up wards of 200 passen gers . At a quarter-past nine o'clock they left Dover harbour in one of the South-Eastern Railway Company's fine vessels (the Princess Maude, Captain Jenkins), with band playing, colours flying, and smiling faces; but alas ! -before they had been long at sea, it came on to rain hard and blow quite fresh; but that powerful vessel, with wind right a-head, gallantly made her passing to Boulogne, Iwiaith upwards unfortu o n f a t 2 e o l o y, p t e h r e s o g n a s e o n i n board, ereas e d i , s a t n w d o t h i o te u rrsa rain n n d a fell ll s in ho t u o ld rre r n et t u s rn the the w s li a o m le e d e a v y a h in a g nd , , a a t s n i i t ne was wel a o r o r k a , ng m ed an t y he o y f upon s uncommonly ueh a stormy rm faces c n e i s at ght the ; u t idea e y o w f ere crossing soon the h t le p n : C )i h l p y a r uin liied relieved el by the courtesy of the committee, who de termined not to return till the next morning, at half-past nine o'clock, which gave them the greatest satisfaction, as it enabled them to refresh themselves for the passage home, and, as it turned out, in the morning the gale had not de creased ; but being assured by the committee that they had crossed in worse weather, and that they had got one of the finest vessels in the world, and a first-rate crew, to steam them to Dover, we left Boulogne at the time appointed, and arrived home in two hours and five minutes, through a tre mendous sea, many of them more dead than alive. The charge was only as. each way, THE POTATO DISEASE. (From the Bristol Mercury, September 20.) The following correspondence has just taken place between Lord Portman, President of the Royal Agricultural Society, and William Herapath, Esq., the eminent analytical chemist of this city, in reference to seed potatoes for 1846. His Lord ship, in a subsequent letter, requests that the correspondence may be made public, and it has been handed to us by Mr. Herapath for that purpose. The subject is of vital import ance, and is worthy of the deepest consideration : " Bryanston, . " Sir,—l observe in th e newspapers that yo ep u have directed your attention to the potato disease, and have advised as to the use of starch, &c. As lam specially bound, during this year of my holding the office of President of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, to promote inquiry and to notify observations on subjects relative to the produce of the soil, I trouble you with this letter, and ask if any method has occurred to you by which the potato may be preserved for the planting of 1.846 ? I have found that potatoes, appa rently sound and free from disease, though in a field or gar den which has been partially diseased, have, after being stored away, shown signs ofthe disease and rotted off; and fear that the greatest quantities of potatoes will thus perish, and so continue the distress of the poor to another season. I have directed some potatoes to be stored in slaked lime, in the hope that it may preserve them, but have, of course, yet had no time to judge of the effect. I, therefore, ask for your opinion, as one of our most eminent chemists, upon this point, and would ask leave to make known your reply, if you are able to offer an opinion sufficiently explicit to be useful. " I remain your obedient servant, " W. Herapath, Esq." " PORTMAN. "TO LORD PORTMAN, PRESIDENT OF TEE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. " " Brighton, Sept. 17, 1845 . My Lord,—ln reply to your letter of the 13th inst., I must say that I do not think it would be either safe or pru dent to depend upon the infected potatoes of the present season as seed for the next year; as, in all instances, I have found the diseased parts to extend when the potatoes are kept in a damp situation : I should therefore expect that if any diseased seed was . kept so dry as not t o ro t b e f ore setting time, yet, upon being planted, and left in the damp soil, the rotting process would then begin, and the hopes of the husbandman be disappointed. I have no doubt that some potatoes, apparently sound, have (as stated by your Lordship) been found to be affected after stowing away; but I do not consider this to have been an origination of if, btit tnerely that that which was noticed when - dug has become apparent after storing. When a potato is first affected the diseased parts are scarcely visible, but upon keeping in a dark place the spots soon become dark, and con sequently more apparent, but the spots do not extend ; if, however, the tuber has been kept in a damp place, the spots not only extend rapidly over the surface, but penetrate into the interior, and in a short time it will be completely rotten. As far as the slaked lime, which you have used in your potato stores, has a tendency to prevent the tubers from touching each other, or by its power of absorbing water, of keeping them dry, it will answer a good end ; but it must not be expected to have any chemical effect upon the diseased parts of their juices. Anything which, like dry sawdust or sand, would prevent contact, would prevent the propagation from one tuber to another, and any sub stance capable of absorbing the moisture of the air in which the potato is stored, would prevent the extension of the disease in each diseased root. Our best micro scopists and cryTtogamists are divided in opinion as to whe ther the cause of the calamity is fungus or not. After all the examination I have given to the subject, and a careful review of all the evidence brought before me on the two sides, I believe that it is. and I am daily confirmed in the opinion originally expressed, that the only advantageous way of treating the diseased potatoes is to obtain from them, by rasping and washing, the starch which they contain— by which process all their nutriment can be retained ; and if it is well dried it will keep for any length of time. The operations can be performed in the cottage manufactory alike, as no apparatus beyond a tin rasp (a nutmeg grater), a tub, and clean water, are re quired; and I have ascertained that however far the disease might have extended, even if the root is rotten, yet the starch can be separated, and in a state fit to be eaten, if it shall be well washed, as all the bad parts come away with the water, while the great weight of the starch carries it to the bottom of the vessel. If it is required that the fecula should have all the qualities of the best foreign arrowroot, it is only necessary to wash it last in water containing a little chlorine, when it has unrivalled colour and quality, and this I can speak of practically, having made many tons of the article. I will add, that an opinion has been circulated that the disease is owing to the introduction of guano as a manure ; this I feel no hesitation in contradicting, as I have seen it in situations where no guano has been used, and where every variety of manure has been resorted to.—l am your Lord ship's most obedient servant. " WILLIAM HERAPATH." Posz-orricEs.---It is to be very much regretted (and a discredit to the parties who are guilty) that it is a practice, almost general, of posting letters and papers at the last extremity in commencing making up the mail-bags. It is also a too common practice of prepaying in cash instead of the stamp, and thereby rendering an additional inconvenience to postmasters. The public have the penny-postage boon, and it is only reasonable and fair that they should not incom mode postmasters, but, on the contrary, assist them in their vastly-increased labours as far as possible. Let those who are thus careless (some, it is to be feared, purposely inconvenience postmasters) only consider if they had to go back to the old postage. The excellent maxim of doing as you would be done unto ought to be acted upon. The better plan for post masters to adopt, in those places where they are inconve nienced by late posting of letters and papers, to represent the fact to the Postmaster-General, and obtain permission to close the letter-box half-an-hour or an hour earlier, and then the careless and the purposely-inconveniencing parties would be put to the "right-about." DREADFUL COACH ACCIDENT.---111 these days, when railway accidents are made known to the public wi! every minute circumstance detail ed, if not heightened, to excite the fears of the timid, and when we daily hear the votaries of the road mourning the departure of the coach and its sporting steeds, as if a golden era had passed away, it is only equitable that the casualties connected with the latter mode of travelling should meet with the same pub licity. Those who yield no credence to statistics may thus have cases in point placed before them, and the railway de tractor may be answered by the impartial audi alterum partem. On Friday last, the 19th instant, an accident oc curred to the coach running between Margate and Canter bury. Half a mile from the latter city the horses broke into a headlong speed, and in wheeling round a corner the vehicle was overturned within a yard or two of the Ramsgato coach, which had scarcely sufficient time to get out of the way. The outsiders were scatterred around in all directions, the horses fell, and the coach was thrown flat upon its side. Every person was mot e or less injured, and although no loss of life ensued, several individuals experienced severe contu sions. One gentleman outside was raised covered with blood and seriously hurt, and an elderly lady inside was much wounded by the broken glass. The only being that escaped was an infant, who was rescued unharmed. The cause of this accident has not yet transpired, so that we are unable to give further particulars at present. THE SEA! THE SEA !—We have received tidings of the tide, which is making what may be termed a tidy meal of the Cliffs at Cromer. Neptune, if he does not play a tremendous knife and fork, is somewhat formidable with his trident; and when he takes it into his head to gulp down a cliff or two, he shows himself possessed of an awful swallow If his is not the devouring element, it is not far short of it• when he makes up his mind to a feast; and we are told I:.e has just gulped down twelve acres of cliff at Cromer. He has bolted it stone and all, as a child does a cherry. We have heard it said, that " one swallow does not make a sum mer," but one such swallow as that described is rather a summary proceeding, to say the least of it. —Punch. NORTH UNION RAILWAT.--The. negotiations for leasing this line to the Grand Junction Railway Companyf were brought to a close on Monday last, by the directors o the North Union agreeing to a lease of the line to the Grand Junction, on the terms of 10 per cent. on stock A, and 7 per cent. on stock B. This agreement is, of course, subject to the sanction of the shareholders. On dit, that the Liver pool and Bury Railway Company (Bolton, Wigan, and Liverpool), will be amalgamated with the projected Leeds and Liverpool line.—Bolton Free Press. ANOTHER NEW SPEC. The speculation mania at present existing has ex • tended from railroads to rivers; and having almost run itself all over the dry land, has at length plunged into the water. Steam for the million at twopenee per heed has been followed up by steam for the billion at one penny, and a company is now being formed to supply steam for the quadrillion at one halfpenny. We have been favoured with a sight of the prospectus, from which we make an extract. The contemplated company is pro posed with a view of f orm i ng a ser i e s of canals to be carried on archways along the principal thoroughfare; making a sort of Grand Junction Tank, to be supplied by the Grand Junction Water. works. Each house may have a connexion with the canal by means of the ci s t ern, provided the occupants of the premises will be at the ex pense of carrying their water up to the level of the canal of the company. A number of small steamers will be launched to ply throughout the principal streets of the metropolis, and it is calculated that the superfluous steam from the London tea-kettles may be so concen• trated as to work the locomotives without any expense to the company. The following is a list of the managing committee:— Simon Swindle, Esq., Provisional Shareholder in the Moonlight. Thomas Swinge, Esq., Chairman of the Lightning, and Perpetual Provisional Director of the Daisy. Sir James Smith Jones, Director of the Cream of the Valley, and Grand Middlesex Water-works Junction Company. Hugh Hope, Esq., Dept!ty-Cllaifman of the Bee, and uncle to one ofitne Provzsional Proprietors of the Ant. Marmaduke Monmouth, Esq., Mortgagee of the Polyanthus, and Deputy-Bill Discounter to the Daffydowndilly.—Punch. The flesh of this animal is largely used as food, both fresh and salted, and a fine clear oil is prepared from the fat. The Ambyrhynchus, too, a species of lizard, about a yard long, is also used as food by the inhabi tants of Galapagos. The account of the appearance and habits of this reptile, which is peculiar to these islands, is very interesting, but it is too long to extract, and too important to abridge. Of fifteen kinds of sea fish procured here all were new species ; and of ninety species of sea-shells found on these shores no less than forty-six are unknown elsewhere. The insects are very few. The botany of the group is as interesting as the zoology. There are 185 species of flowering plants, and of these 100 are new species, and probably confined to the Galapagos. There is another remarkable feature in the natural history of this Archipelago. The different islands are, to a considerable extent, inhabited by a dif ferent set of b e i ngs . The, tortoises of the different islands differ not only in size but in cbaracter, and an 'AO t FALLING IN OF A PORTION OF DUBLIN-STREET.-- About 12 or 15 feet of the road way in Dublin-street, which is in course of being tunnelled for the Edinburgh and Gran ton Railway, fell in betwixt two and three o'clock on Friday morning. The common sewer, which overlies the tunnel, was, it appears, unusually flooded by the heavy rain which fell on Thursday evening; in consequence of which the bot tom of the sewer began gradually to be undermined by the water soaking through, and forcing in, the roof of the which, at this particular spot, was supported wood, prior to being arched over in the usual way ywithbric o k i Having once got a downward outlet , the current could not be restrained, and the workmen were obliged to desist from their operation in this portion of the shaft. The vacuum formed beneath the sewer by the destruction of the roof of the tunnel, ultimately brought dow n the superincumbent mass, forcing two of the beams and a quantity of rubbish into the tunnel. Several feet of the sewer have in conse quence been destroyed, together with the pipes of the Water Company, which rested upon it. The damage done to the tunnel is, we believe, comparatively trifling; but it will take some time to repair the rent made in the street, which is rather formidable, being about 15 feet long, 8 feet broad, and fully 10 feet deep.—Edinburgh Advertiser. WORKHOUSE COOKERY. —The disclosures in the Andover Union have thrown quite a new light on the s c i ence of cookery, which not ev en th e inspiration of a Soyer could have hit upon. That ingenious chef de cuisne has blended together poetry, pastry, and politics ri thderable skill ; he has invented a creme d'Ang?eterre: consisting nis of charms borrowed from the female aristocracy • but those ingredi en t s , imaginary and unsu b stantial as they ' are, must be considered as solids when compared with the materials used for consti tuting the di s h es served up to the paupers in the A n d over Union. B u tt er, accordingto New Poor-law Cookery, is made from the skimmings of grease-pots, and parochial tea is made from boiling old leaves which have already had their strength drawn out of them. A new Cookery Book, edited by M'Dougal, the master of the Andover Union, is evidently a desideratum in culinary literature which even M. Soyer's universal genius has hitherto left unsupplied.— Punch. (STRIKE OF THE IRON-STONE MINERS AT COMDR. .—ln consequence of the continued strike of the iron-stone m iners, at the Derwent Iron Works, C ons i de, near Shotley Bridge, Superintendent Hall, and a party of the Durham rural police, proceeded on Tuesday to eject several of the workmen from their houses ; but, in consequence of the miners assembling in great numbers, he was obliged to desist until hejebtained an additional number of men. On the following day, the suuperintendent having received a reinforcement of men, he ejected about fifty families from their dwellings, amidst the shouts and menace s o f th e m i ners, who occa sionally assailed the police with a shower of stones. Inspector Hall, however, exercised the utmost forbearance, and fre quently warned the people to desist ; and, on returning from the village, although followed and hooted, and 'sited with stones, he prudently 'withdrew his men, in exeellent order, to adistance, until the mob dispersed. The strike still continues.— Tyne Mercury. KILMARNOCK.—TH E WEATHER.—The weather has not improved since last notice—continuing changeable, and the harvest work suffering frequent tantalizing interrup tions. There is a very sensible diminution in the warmth of the day, the winds being chilly, with a tendency to frost in the mornings and evenings. Under these untoward circum stances, reaping, which, with favourable weather, would have been completed, is yet unfinished.—Ayr Observer. THE WEATHER.—LIVEREOOL, TUESDAY EVEN-. nro.—There has again been a considerable quantity of rain in this neighbourhood; but to-day there has been an improve ment in the weather, the sun having shone brightly and warmly during the whole day. Still we have a north wind, and, in the shade, a very cold atmosphere. Last night the air was quite frosty. Accounts from Athens of the 7th inst. state that General Calergi has sailed on board an English steamer for Corfu, from which place he would go to England. xtr W .Es e to u ni nd uianwe rstand pey th iv at ati on tetthw O orni f o . tr eamor, couny ,tvinindepenemtrse., LITERATURE HISTORY OF OUR OWN TIMES. By the Author of the "Court and Times of Frederick the Great." This is the second volume of a very interesting work, referring to one of the most eventful periods in history. The last fifty or sixty years have witnessed greater changes than any five or six centuries before them. The discovery of a new continent, an earthquake, or the fall of a great empire, are events of suilicient magnitude to immortalise their epoch ; but "our own times" have witnessed greater things than these. We have had wars, and conquests, and splendid achievements—we have had patriots and heroes—but it is not in these that our glory consists—it is in the great change that has been effected in the human mind l—not that we have better statesmen, or poets, or legislators, than of old; we have not more great men, but man himself is more great. Our ancestors had men of genius —bright meteors to illu mine the darkness; but we have not the darkness itself. For centuries civilisation has made rapid and unceasing progress; it was a child passing through the various stages of youth, but now we have beheld the glorious change when the child becomes a man—when he casts aside his fetters, and, spurning all control, exults in the conscious power of intelligence, and fears neither diffi culty nor danger. All things are seen in a new light— wondrous achievements that dazzled the fancy are now realities of daily. life. Intolerance and oppression, bigotry and prejudice, thriving in the darkness of igno rance, fade away at the approach of reason; the narrow views of the past give way to " The power of thought—the magic of the mind." What would our ancestors have thought of the wonders of the present day—the difficulties of time and space annihilated —the land and water traversed—and the commonest articles produced by a mighty power then undreamt of—the journeys of weeks performed in a few hours, and distant countries within a few days' reach? What would a politician of the last century have thought of a London newspaper? Could he have com pared the Parliamentary reports with his hasty notes taken in secret, and published under feigned names months after their date? It was easy to bring back the costume of a past age to enliven a royal festival, but how impossible wore it to restore the manners and cus toms of that period 1 Could the strong spirit of inquiry be bound down, and the people, conscious of their power, again yield blind obedience —could those who have enjoyed the privileges of the present day return to the thraldom of the past? Much has yet to be done, but we have only to proceed—the great blow has been struck, and the events of " our own times" have given the impetus to our future greatness. The history of this stirring period is given in the work before us. It con tains a clear and distinct account of the principal occur rences, both at home and abroad, during the last fifty years —a study more beneficial than the history of ' Greece or Rome, and far more interesting. A great part is devoted to the French Revolution--one of the most violent remedies ever applied to a social disorder. At this distance of time the violence is forgotten; while all must confess the remedy, we may own that it was terrible to overthrow ail the barriers imposed by time and custom—to set the laws at defiance—to uproot every long-established landmark. But were these dis tinctions only made by justice ? Were the poor not trampled down, the liberty of all restricted, impediments placed to improvement, and the rights of the many forced to yield to the privileges of the few—the substance to the shadow ? It is true that the pent-up waters burst forth with violence, and madly pursued a devastating course ; but the force of the torrent was occasioned by the obstacles it - had surmounted ;it had acquired energy from its long imprisonment ; the waters themselves were pure, and when the storm abated, they flowed in newer and better channels, fertilising the land. The first chap ter of this volume describes the effect produced in Eng land by the French Revolution, the disputes it occasioned in the House, the formation of republican clubs, and the enthusiasm of the people for war. England was the most constant enemy to the revolution, and yet she bene fited most from the example. At first the sympathy of the people was with the French ; they felt for a great nation struggling for its rights, and the cry of "Liberty " found a ready echo in their hearts. Their enthusiasm was checked by th, cruel excesses of the French. Too far removed to understand the excitement and passion which alone could palliate such enormities, the peaceful citizens looked on with horror. Then came the dread of foreign invasion to arouse their patriotism, their ancient hatred to the French returned, and they only looked on them as enemies. This volume brings us to the naval engagements in 1797. The following is an account of the battle of St. Vincent:— "Jervis, an officer of distinguished courage, skill, and ex perience, recently appointed commander-in-chief on the Mediterannean station, bad, after the evacuation of Corsica, in October, 1796, posted himself with his squadron at the mouth of the Tagus, as it was uncertain whether the prepa rations then making at Brest were destined for a landing in Ireland, or an attack upon Portugal. Early in February, the movements in the port of CAliz, indicating an intention on the part of the Spaniards to come out very soon, he sailed with the intention of cruizing off the south-east point of Portugal. A fleet of twenty-seven sail of the line and twelve frigates actually put to sea, with the design of steering for Brest, raising the blockade of that harbour, forming a junc tion with the Dutch fleet, and sweeping the English out of the Channel. On the night of the 13th this formidable force was so near to the British squadron, that its signal guns were heard, and the British admiral made the signal to prepare for battle. " The dawn of morning was awaited with impatience. The enemy's fleet was then discovered, extending from south west by south, eight leagues distant from Cape St. Vincent; and Sir John Jervis communicated to his officers his de termination to cut through them. His ships were drawn up in two lines in close sailing order; and he bore down upon the Spaniards before they bad time to form in regular order of battle. The gallant Sir Thomas Troubridge, in the Culloden, was ordered to lead the van. Opening his fire on the Spanish ships to windward, which effectually separated one-third from the main body, he then tacked, and thus pre vented their rejunction. The British admiral readily formed his two lines into one, to complete the intended move ment. As soon as Troubridge had passed through the enemy's fleet, he gave his starboard broadside to the nearest of the ships as he threw in his stays; his example was fol lowed by the van of our fleet, and the action became general. It began about noon. "The Spanish admiral, Don Josef de Cordova, endeavouring ,o regain that part of his fleet which had been cut off, Com modore Nelson, in the Captain, of seventy-four, which was the rearmost ship, perceiving his design, stood direct towards him, and penetrated into the midst of the enemy. Bravely seconded by Captains Troubridge and Collingwood, he ran his ship between the Spanish flag-ship, the,Santissima Trine dada, of 136 guns, and the San Josef, of 112, pouring a tre mendous fire into these gigantic antagonists, right and left. In this manner he continued to engage the San Josef till his ammunition was nearly expended, when his antagonist fell on board the San Nicolas, of 84, which now became the com modore's opponent, and after a vigorous fire, kept up for some time, he gave orders to b oar d . H e accompanied the boarding party himself, and, n o t content with securing one prize, he again headed the assailants in a similar attack on the San Josef, shouting, " West m i ns t er Abb ey, or glorious victory !" Nothing could resist such enthusiastic courage ; the Spanish colours were hauled down, an d th e C aptain l ay an absolute wreck beside her two prizes. " In the meantime, Sir John Jervis, in the Victory, fol lowed by Vice-Admiral Waldegrave in the 13artleur, passed clO=e under the stern of the Salvador del Mundo, which sur rendered after a few broadsides. The Santisima Trinadada was engaged by many ships in succession, but finally struck to the Orion, Sir James Saumarez, who, intent on preserving the more effective ships, left her to be taken possession of by the next English ship astern ; but, as this was not done, she ultimately escaped. " The action lasted till about five o'clock, when the de tached portion of the Spanish fleet rejoined the main body, and thus formed a force greatly superior to the English squadron : but they showed no disposition to renew the fight, and, after a distant cannonade, retreated in the night towards Cadiz. " The trophies of this victory were two ships of 112 guns, and two of 84 and 74. On board these four vesssels alone there were about 250 men killed and as many wounded, while the total loss of the victors amounted to no more than. 73 killed and 227 wounded. Nearly one-third of this num ber belonged, to Nelson's ship, the Captain, alone. The thanks of both Howes of Parliament were voted to the con querors; the commander-in-chief was created Earl St. Vincent, Vice-Admirals Thompson and Parker, and Captain Calder, baronets, and Nelson was honoured with the Order of the Bath. The Spanish commander and many of his officers, on the contrary, were dismissed from the service with disgrace." Many persons acquainted with separate histories are ignorant of their relative position. In this work we have a concise summary of all contemporary events, so that one coup d'oeil will show us the bearing of the whole. It is written in a clear and animated style, in terspersed with numerous anecdotes, forming a most interesting addition to modern history. The author has maintained the i mpart i ality of an historian in chro nicling the actions of friend and foe; yet the work bears impress of having been written in the period which it describes. It is hardly possible for " Memoirs of Our Own Times" to be quite so unbiassed and impartial as they will be written by posterity. This volume is em bellished with an engraving of William Pitt, from the painting by Gainsborough, and a vignette illustrative of the assassination of Marat. It contains ample details of the French Revolution, the war in India, the downfal of Poland, and the disturbances and mutinies at home. The following is an amount of the disastrous battle when " Freedom shrieked as Koseiuszko fell :" " Koseiuszko, at the head of a corps of 20,000 men, crossed the Vistula to meet the advancing Russians and to prevent their progress to the capital. Meanwhile, the Russian force, under Prince junction with Suwaroff, whose anny was now 60,000 strong. The rest of the Russian troops in Poland were under tire command of Generals Derfelden and Fersen, the latter of who m , on separating from the Prussians, when the siege of Warsaw was raised, crossed the Vistula and fell back, either for the purpose of uniting with the army of Su waroff, or to cover the Russian frontiers from the roving hordes of the insurgents. " Kosciuszko, while hastening to meet the redoubtable Suwaroff, encountered Fersen's corps on the 10th of October at Macziejowicze, between fifty and sixty miles from the capital. He had sent orders to Poninski to join him with the troops under his command, but the Russians, intercepting his messenger, foiled his plans. A most sanguinary engagement ensued. Warsaw and revenge!' was the cry of the Rus sians ; ' Victory or death !' the answer of the Poles. Thrice had the latter repulsed their infuriated assailants, when Su waroff appeared with a fresh army. Vain were the efforts of Koseiuszko, with his imperfectly armed and disciplined troops, against so overwhelming a superiority of tried soldiers. The infantry gave way. Undistinguished by his dress, the general was in the thickest of the danger. Three horses had. been shot under him, when a wound on the shoulder ex tended him on the ground. Speedily recovering, he mounted a fr e sh horse, and hastened to rally his fleeing cavalry. In leaping a ditch, the animal fell. Cossacks and carabineers were upon him ; one wounded him in the head, another in the neck, Completely exhausted, he swooned, prophetically 1,150 _ .., ! -~ ted $O O. ler sll' s-15 , f sd fr e sl l4l4 re lris h true" tie be- jot