The Sun. — London, England, 1868-01-08 00:00:00

LIFE BOAT SERVICES. —Durin g the Storms of L the present year the National Lifeboat Institution has contributed to the saving of 1,027 lives from various ship wrecks and 32 vessels from destruction. The Institution. also expended X 29,655 in the same period on its Lifeboat Bstablialarnents, in addition to granting £2,444 for rewards. The Committee of the institution earnestly appeal to the public for assistance to enable them to meet the continued heavy dcmands on their 186 Lifeboat Establishments. Contributions will be thankfully received by the London and country bankers, and by the Secretary, Richard Lewis, Esq., at the Institution, 14, John-street, Adelphi, London. THE : COMMERCIAL REVIEW, No. I.— SHAREHOLDERS. Of the METROPOLITAN RAILWAY read the COMMERCIAL REVIEW, published evert• Tuosday. ruin: COMMERCIAL REVIEW, No. 1.- -11 SIIAItETIOLDFRS of thc , MIDLAND RAILWAY read the COMMERCIAL REVIEW, published every Tues.lay. Price 3d. Office—East Temple Chambers, Fleet-street. T"' "SINGER" Iv EIV FAMILY MACHINE Is fitted with a new PATENT TUCK MARKER, which GAUGES and MA. ZIKS each succeeding TUCK while sewing, a MOST VALUABLir. ACCESSORY, net to be had with any other Machine. THE tg SINGER" NZW FAMILY SEWING biAOILENF.S are the most complete , with all accessories athe family, seamstress, me.ndfactcrers of shirt collars, shirts, cloaks, mantles, ohildren's clothi n g , caps, coreets, 'Wen and silk goods, umbrellas, parasols, &c. Catalogues and Samples of 'Work post free. TILE SINGER MANUFACTURIN44 COMPANY, 147, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. F. B. Chatterton. Tills EVENING and until further notice, will be per formed a new and original Farce, by R. Reece, Esq., en titled HON EYDOVE'S TROUBLES. Characters by if,ssrs. Jos'ph Irving, C. Warner, J. Mw ris ; Mes dames Kate Harilour and E. Melville. After which will bo performed the Drury Lane annual grand Christmas Pantomime, written by E. L. Blanchard, Esq., entitled FAW FEE FO FUM ; or, Harlequin Jack the Giant Killer. Doors open at half-past six, the performance to com mence at seven o'clock. Moruimr Performance every Wednesday and Satur day until Feb. 15. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Vining. THIS EVENING, Grand Combination of the Two Great Dram ts, THE COLLEEN BAWN and THE STREETS OF LONDON. Mr. and Mrs. Dion Boucicault ,as Myles na Copp•tilcen and Eily O'Connor, and Mr. Vining as Badger. Messrs. Dominic?: Murray, J. G. Shore, G. F. Neville, H. For rester, 11. Mellon, E. Atkins; Misses Elsworthy, E. Barnett, Rachel Sanger, and Mrs. Addie. Doors open at half-past 6, commence at 7. QUEEN'S THEATRE, Long-acre. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Alfred Wigan. THIS EVENING, Jan. Bth, HE'S A LUNATIC. Mr. John Clayton. After which will be produced (First Time in London) Mr. H. J. Byr3n's New and Original Domestic Drama, in Three Acts, entitled DEARER THAN LIFE. Michael Garner, Mr. J. L. Toole. To conclude with THE BIRTHPLACE OF PODGERS ; Mr. J. L. Toole. On Saturday, Jan. 11, DEARER THAN LIFE. After which (First Time) a New and Original Operatic Extravaganza, by Mr. W. S. Gilbert, called LA VIVANDIERE; or, TRUE TO THE CORPS. The Scenery by Messrs. W. and T. Grieve, Johnson, and Assistants. Doors open at Half-past Six, commence at Seven. Acting Manager, M. W. 11. Liston. Box-office open daily from Ten till Four. TWEATRE ROYAL, HA YMARKET. Sole Lessee, Mr. Bnekstone. THIS EVENING, FAMILY JARS. To be followed by A WIFE WELL WON. Messrs. Sothern, Buckstone, Howe, Kendal, Rogers, Braid, Weathersby, &c., and Robinson. After which, AN UTTER PERVERSION OF THE BRIGAND. Messrs, Compton, Kendal, Rogers, Clark, Braid, Weathershy, Johnson, &c.; Mesdames Burke, Wright, Dalton, &c. Commence at Seven. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. WEBSTER. Directress, Mrs. Alfred Mellon. THIS EVENING, UP FOR THE CATTLE SHOW. After which, at 8, NO THOROUGHFARE. Mr. Fechter (his 12th appearance here), Mr. Billington, Mr. H. Neville, Mr. R. Phillips, Mr. G. Belmoro, Mr. C. J. Smith, and Mr. Benjamin Webster; Miss Carlotta Leelercq (her 12th appearance), Mrs. Alfred Mellon, Mrs. Billington, Mrs. H. Lewis, &c. Commence at 7. OYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE New Management. Sole Ltssec, Mr. B. Webster; Manager, Mr. H. Wigan. THIS EVENING, PETTICOAT PARLIAMENT. Messrs. R. Soutar and G. Vincent; Mesdames L. Moore, St. Henry, and E. Farren. To be followed by FROM GRAVE TO GAY. Messrs. Ashley. IL Wigan, Addison, and C. Mathews; Mesdames L. Moore and Stirling. To conclude with IF I HAD A THOUSAND A YEAR. Commence at Seven. HOLBORN THEATRE ROYAL. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Sefton Parry. THIS EVENING, at Seven, THE TWO POLTS Price and Widdicombe. Messrs After winch, the Grand Comic Pantomime of VALENTINE AND ORSON ; or, Harlequin the Big Bear and the Little Fairy. Mesdames Saunders, Goodall, White; Messrs. Garden, Odell. Arthur; 111 , 111 e. Montero, Miss Ellis, Lupino, Green, and the Groat Little Rowena. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manageress, Mrs. Swanborough. TIES EVENING, at 7, KIND TO A FAULT. After which will be produced a Grand Christmas Operatic Oriental Extravaganza " THE CALIPH OF BAGDAD " Messrs. Thorne, James, Turner, Murray; Mesdames A. Swanborough, Johnstone, Harland, bolt, Newton, &c. To conclude with OUR DOMESTICS. LICENSED VICTUALLERS' GUARDIAN NR. GLENIE, of the Storting Library, o d, Connaught-terrace, Uyde-park, London, W., begs to inform his customers, and the Licensed Victuallers in general, that he has been appointed Agent for the above-named paper in addition to his agency for the Sporting Edition of " TUB SrS ," and can supply the same on Friday evening, if uqulred, in town or country. CL R. O. begs to inform the Trade that he is Agent for the LATEST EDITION of "TIIE SUN," and can supply it earlier than any other man in London or Country the evening of publi cation. No connection with any other persons. Bally's, Ruff's, Wright's, and M'Call's Guides. All the Daily Papers, Maga zines, and Periodicals as soon as published. Agent for the Joint- Stock Coal Company. Orders by post attended to. GPC)RT —JOINT —JOH ROBERTS suppl:e: - I 1", A.TEST EDITION of "THE SUN" as soon as pul)11.." —4, Bath-stro3t, Oity-road, E.O. ?7 liE LIVII:Tr Epp:T . ON ,f ~Tic ',.: s( T '.:1‘ , 11I LATEST EDITION of "THE SUN.' J. lierau:s beds to inforrn his tr:otrb,. and tho tha:, ho t-rt,,pllot e LA.TE:3T EDITION of "Till: ,41IN " a soon as pubilsttNl.—No. 16, llampstcatl-road, 111 SUN" NE AV SPA l' It p G. R. GI.ENIF: deliver, the LATE EDITION at (Theis, .407 K;1.10:ra. S: St ar.th-zrf.s.eu. 3 Woolwich. 7.30. I.rxbr;:ig• W 0,1: ord. 3.:5. TTIE LATE EDITION of "THE SUN" at g W. 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I'ctl SPOICPENt4 17:1)1'flOS tSUA" can be seen at Estab%hia:mt, as abo re, evei - y cvouiUJ by Eish' C it .% ! o*,- • rrnE LATE EDITION of " THE SUN " at R. JAMES SPEEDY'S, "The Wellington," Wellington-street, Strand. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAT.—Morning, Oh. 2m. I Afternoon, Oh. 32m. To-Moaßow.-Morning, lb. Om. I Afternoon, lh. 2Gm. "A 7 Thi 4 ' 16% t ale; 61•4,c611111- LONDON, IV EDNESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1868 The first Report of the Clerken well Explosion Relief Fund contains much to occasion regret and horror, and the chief thing that strikes one is the vast amount of suffering that was occasioned bi the cruel deed, and that of a kind that did not ai once attract the attention of the public. It stand; to reason th.tt an affair of this kind was certain t( give rise to serious evil, but still it must be con fessed that the amount of misery occasioned exceeds the estimate roughly formed at first. • The labour. of the committee have been most assiduous. and nothing seems to have been sparec on their part that could mitigate their distress or relieve their painful position. During the interval that elapsed between the explosiim and the receipt of public funds, the Chancellor of the Exchequer sent some portion of the public money to the relief of the sufferers. This temporary air 4 was of great service, and the committee declare that, the thanks of the nation are due to the right hon., gentleman and his bind-hearted almoners in this " timely forethought and consideration for the suffering poor." By personal visitation the com mittee have devoted themselves to the work in hand, and this is the only sure way of dealing with such a task. The prompt liberality of the public; is thank fully acknowledged at the outset of thin Report. About £7,000 have been by this timu übscribed to cover the necessities of the sad case, .ind no doubt more will be forthcoming if real:tired. I'he 1,l to which has been devised seems an excellent one, and sub-committees have been formed. As yet the arrangements cannot be completed, because the sufferers are in some cases scattered about in hos pitals and elsewhere, but wherever it was prac ticable the committee have restored the losers to their former condition in furniture and property. Seven persons died in consequence of the explosion, 41 persons were badly wounded, in volving loss of limb and eyesight and general dis figurement, 56 persons unhoused, and as many as 600 families have suffered iu health, purse, and property. Besides the cases that are in the hospi tal, the committee have ascertained that 111 per sons have suffered more or less from the shock. The unhappy victims to the Fenian outrage are indeed to pity, for their sufferings are great and their loss severe. They are besides in that station of life where their subsistence depends upon their having the use of their faculties and their health and strength being tolerable, if not far be yond the average. One of the saddest parts of the calamity is the severe suffering that has been entailed on the female sufferers, some of whom have had premature confinements, and others been caused great inconvenience and misery. These were accustomed to give their share to the " bread winning," and, as the committee emphatically put it, " most of them will never be the same again. The committee only wish that all England could look upon that ghastly sight, of wounded men, women, and children, and then fix the measure of what ought to be done for these afflicted people." This is, indeed, a difficult thing to decide, and may well cause the deepest anxiety to those who dwell upon the sad details. At any rate, it is a great satisfaction to know that all has been done which can be done for the imme diate relief of the sufferers, and their future well being must be a matter of consideration hereafter, for the country cannot allow these martyrs to vio lence and unprovoked attacks to be left uncarcd for, and suffered to have poverty added to their afflic- tions. The arrival of the Cimbria, from New York on the 28th ult., brings us intelligence which gives a painful impression of the results which a long series of mismanagement and misrule have produced in the Southern States. It is a noticeable fact that heavily as the planters have suffered, and are still suffering, the blacks, about whose welfare the itadical party professed to be so solicitous, are in even greater distress. The destitution which prevails throughout those fertile districts which once supplied the markets of Europe, and kept the busy merchants of the North in full activity, is something far beyond depression and discomfort. Absolute starvation stares men in the face, and the correspondents of many joureals who are actually on the spot esti ,nate that three millions of persons, most of them :reed men, are in danger of starvation. Such a condition of affairs is a national calamity, and de mands prompt and vigorous action. General iIANCOCK has made a wise and timely suggestion, vhich we hope the Government will not be slow to adopt. Serious crevasses of the Mississippi have occurred in Louisiana, and the General has asked permission to employ the starving negroes to effect the repairs at the national expense. This would be a very sensible and ready method of alleviating some portion at least of the distress which it is evi dent the Government must take under consideration without delay. Whatever opinion may be held as to the political rights of the negro there can be no question of his right to live ; yet here are hundreds of thousands who have been told they were to re ceive the greatest possible blessing suddenly re duced to the most terrible privations. If they will not work they must learn by bitter experience that freedom has its obligations and responsi bilities as well as its privileges, but at present there seems to be no question of the kind. - '\V know from the accounts which we have lately received that in districts where the negroes hive worked .on the plantations the planters have been unable to pay them, and worse than the lack of money is the absolute scarcity which appears to exist in the South. Its fields and farms have never recovered the desolation of the Northern armies, and since the close of the war the seasons have been unfavourable. Thanks to the uncertainty which has attended the tenure of property in the South, and the oppression of the military government, there has been no choice of that influx of capital which was necessary for the revival of industry and the restoration of trade. Now the people throughout the States are awaking to a sense of the fatal error committed in treating .he Southern States as a conquered country. So much valuable time has been lost that it will be long before the vast territories of the South will be other than a drain upon the ov2rburdeued resources of the Union. Unhappily affairs are complicated by the evil spirit which interested agitators have infused into the excited and discontented negroes. In the interior of Virginia they aro committing depre ;lotions and burning the property of the ,vbites, and serious disturbances arc reported from other parts. Such excesses must be re pressed with the strong hand, but the real blame of the offence rests chiefly with those who have endeavoured; for their own party purposes, to stir up the negro to violence and outrage, in- Acad of really assisting him to obtain his own livelihood. Wholesale emigration, from those parts where there is neither work nor food, would be the best and most practical remedy. Presi dent JOHNSON is at least resolved upon one thing. lie will suffer no more insubordination nor op pression anion; the military commanders. He has decided upon removing General Peri: from ,is command ; but it is worthy of notice, as sig- Aifleant of the times, that on this occasion he has acted after consultation with his Cabinet. Education is the theme which more than any other seems likely to engage the notice of the poli tician with respect to home matters, and Mr. FOSTER'S remarks on the subject last night, at St. James's Hall, will aoubtle',s receive a good share of attention, both on account of their own merit and the importance of the question to which he refers. He appeared, however, to lay too much stress upon the superiority of the Prussian system over ours, which is a mistake many are apt to fall into when dwelling upon this topic. The best way is to consider if we are in as efficient a state as we ought to be in this respect, THE SUN, LOAD, and if we are not then to turn our earnest attention -to the consideration of what we ought to do, quite irrespective of what system other countries may or may not deem requisite to pursue for themselves. We agree with the hon. member that to establish a compulsory system would be most difficult in this country, however desirable some may think it. Such a thing is quite opposed to the national feeling of Englishmen, and we must remember that if we are behind other nations in education we are far before them in liberty, and that is of more consequence even than instruction, precious though that may be. We are glad to see the subject of education ventilated, however, and due credit :must be awarded to Mr. FOSTER, and others like him, who enter con amore into the ques tion, and do their best to advance the cause of knowledge. Too much cannot be done in this re spect, and those who are truly anxious to see im provement will welcome all who aid in the good work. It is satisfactory to find that, notwithstanding the unfavourable condition of the weather, the deaths in London during the past week were below the estimated number. They showed, indeed, as was to be expected, a considerable increase on those of the preceding week, but they were still below the corrected average. There can be no question that the severe and sudden changes of temperature tell heavily upon the infirm and sick persons of all ranks, but most especially upon the poor, who are unable to provide themselves with sufficient food and fire, much less with proper clothing. Unless the existing distress in the east of London is very much mitigated before long, we may expect to find a large increase in our tables of mortality. The accounts which we continue to receive from well-informel persons on the spot represent the distress and destitution to be altogether excep tional. The long - continued depression of trade and slackness of employment, combined with the high price of provisions, especially of bread, are quite enough to account for this. It is a very difficult matter to deal with such wide-spread and deep-seated distress, and many who are anxious to give relief to the really deserving are fearful of encouraging pauperism by indiscriminate almsgiving. The best means of avoiding this is to provide em ployment, and we are glad to find the Govern ment intend enlarging Victoria-park—a work of much public benefit, which will give employment to large numbers. Other plans of this kind may be adopted with advantage, and will, no doubt, be brought forward, should the present dis tress continue. "AN ounce of fact is worth a ton of theory," especially when the matter which it concerns is of vital importance. We have had more than the ton of theory with respect to Ireland. It can scarcely be said that we have had the ounce of fact. Every body has had his own hypothesis to account for the want of prosperity of the Irish in their own country, their success in America, and their bitter hatred of England. There have been leading journals which have attributed the first circum stance to the impracticable character of the Celtic race ; and when confronted with the second, have attempted to extricate themselves from embarrassment by attributing the change to an abandonment of faith. The Celt is good for nothing, say these theorists ; and when they are asked to explain how it is that directly he crosses the Atlantic the Celt is as prosperous as the Saxon, the reply has been, that there tho Celt has got rid of his creed, and is free from the dictation of its teachers. As to the last of the three problems which we have mentioned — Irish animosity against England—the solutions of this problem have been legion. In the midst of all these hypotheses and suggestions the philan thropist and the legislator are alike b ew ild ere d . which lohnigtogidieovesohniimet,htihneg other e T N l i e ls y v complainants who worry him ; but they cannot tell what to do. One remedy after another has been tried, yet all in vain, until at last we are begin ning to consider the case incurable, and to give it up in sullen hopelessness. It is greatly to the credit of one of our legislators that he should have determined to ascertain for himself the real facts which constitute this diffi culty. While successive Ministries have brought in Irish measures only to withdraw them, Mr. MAGUIRE, one of the members for Cork city, has made a tour of North America, in order to see how his countrymen are thriving, by what means they have improved their condition, and what are the feelings which they entertain towards the Government which they have left. There was, perhaps, no man better fitted than this gentleman to undertake the task. Keenly Irish in his sym pathies, he has always shown himself a loyal subject of his sovereign. Not to be deterred by heedless Ministers or an empty House from bringing forward the unhappy condition of his cou ntrymen at the time when it was the fashion to sneer at Irish grievances, he has always exhibited the most marked moderation in his statements, and has won the respect of all political parties. The results of his investigations have been given to the world within the last few days, in the shape of a portly volume of 650 pages. The book is a most remarkable one, and the reading of it is indis pensable to those who wish to master the Irish question. We can but briefly refer to some of its facts in this column. In the first place we find that the Irish prosper everywhere on American soil. It matters not whether they have settled at Newfoundland in the north-east or in California in the south-west, on the Canadian lakes or on the Gulf of Mexico—they do well. It makes no difference whether they are on an island or on a continent, under a republic or under a monarchy, in an arctic or in a torrid country, in the land of cotton or in the land of wheat—in every country, under every form of government, and in every employment, these ne'er do-wells at home are happy and thriving. It used to be supposed that the Irish were the one exception to prove the Horatian rule, ccclum, non animum,, mutant, qui trans mare currant. But it is not so. There is no nation which so warmly cherishes its old nationality, its old religion, as this which has left our shores, shaking off the dust from their feet as a testimony against us. It would be well for us, perhaps, if they were less conservative of race and creed. But whether well or ill, the fact remains that the Irish in America are Irish still, ever looking back with fond love towards " the ould country" which was such a cruel step mother to them ; ever keeping true to the faith in which they were educated, even though years should pass without seeing the ministers, hearing the services, or sharing the ordi • nances of their Church. There are a few exceptions both to the prosperity and to the conservatism of the Irish. The first are to be found in the large towns ; the second are the " Scotch- Irish "—the Irish who lived in Ireland without being of it. Drink is, as Mr. MAGUIRE tells us again and again, the one great curse which I ruins those who yield to it. The Irish, being open ! hearted and hospitable, are peculiarly liable to yield. For this reason, if for no other, it is best that Irish emigrants should on landing linger as little I as possible at the port of arrival, but continue their I journey without loss of time to the far-off land in the West which awaits their axe and their spade. Too many of them remain, tempted by the high price which is offered to them for their labour, or frightened by the prospect of making themselves a home in the vast wilderness. These become hewers of wood and drawers of water, instead of ilords of their own l an d. This last word is the key to the Irish problem. N, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1868. ARTHUR YOUNG wrote ot the xrench pea- santry that property turned even sand into gold ; how much more does it turn the fruitful soil of America ? The Irish cottier who has been turned out of house and home by some merciless bailiff because the rent is not forth coming, finds in America land which can become his own for less money than he paid to use land in the old country. No landlord or bailiff will vex him henceforth. Neither the Queen of ENGLAND nor the President of the UNITED STATES can deprive him of his farm. A new world opens before him, a new career into which he can put forth all his energies, knowing that they are expended on his own behalf, and that the more diligently he sows the more abundantly will he reap. This position has net been attained without some difficulty. There were in some of the British provinces of North America seignorial rights which had to be got rid of. In Prince Edward's Island there were absentee landlords who asked the absurdly low rent, as we should deem it, of is. per acre. Low as it was, the tenants did not like to pay it, and some two years ago there was a formidable agitation set on foot. The tenants refused to pay; they laughed at the representatives of the civil power who endeavoured to enforce payment. The result was, that the island Government compelled these absentees to sell their lands to the State, which resold them to the tenants at a profit. The Duke of NEWCASTLE, surely no revolutionist, had proposed this very scheme, which when suggested in Ireland is called spoliation and an invasion of the sacred rights of property. A more important colony than Prince Edward's Island adopted the same plan. Certain landlords had over the lands which had been occupied and cleared by emigrants what were called " casual rights." These consisted chiefly of rights over watercourses and rivers, and percentages payable every time that an estate was sold. These rights . became such an intolerable grievance to the freedom-loving Canadians, that in the Lower Province the Parliament bought them off for about a million sterling, and made an ar rangement for the capitalisation and purchase of the rent by the tenant and its compulsory sale by the landlord. It may pacify alarmed readers to know that Lord LYTTON approved of the land policy above described. There is only one other point in Mr. MAGITIRE's interesting book to which we can call attention on this occasion. What hold has Fenianism on the Irish in America ? Much, we regret to say. Still more do we regret to learn. on Mr. MAGuinn's authority, that the Irish who have joined the Fenian move ment are not the rowdies and blackguards which we are accustomed to consider them. They are sober, hardworking, God-fearing men, who, moved by no sudden excitement, but acting upon a deli berate and settled purpose, leave farm and store in order to strike one blow for the independence of the old country. It is not pleasant for us to be told this ; it woutd be foolish for us not to listen when we are told. There is abundant room for reflection here. We find ourselves face to face with a nation which has—whether voluntarily or involuntarily—left our shores, bear ing with them undying love for the land they have left, undying hatred for the men who rule it. Hitherto they have not done us much harm. The civil war found Irishmen arrayed against Irishmen, but that is over now ; and Irishmen, both N or th an d South, are think ing how they can best . turn to account in behalf of th e i r na ti ve l a nd the experience which they have gained in American battle-fields. This is a very real and serious danger. If all that Mr. MAGUIRE says be true, it is far more real and serious than we supposed. It is no longer a secret conspiracy that we have to suppress, but a hostile nation whom we have to encounter ; the nation which, at first by intentional injustice, and then by indolent negligence, we drove from our shores, carrying with it the bitter memories of centuries of wrong, to be cherished against the time when England's necessity should at last afford Ireland's unnortunitv. NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. The trial and conviction of Charles Reade, late a seaman serving on board her Majesty's ship Irre sistible, by a naval court-martial, held on board her Majesty's ship Victory, at Portsmouth, on Mon day, briefly reported in The Sun Naval Intelligence of yesterday, on a charge---" That he, being a per son subject to the Naval Discipline Act, 1866, did, on or about the 21st day of December, when ser vice was commanded, and the galley being manned to make a night visit to the shore at Osborne, dis courage the service by refusing to receive a pistol with which he was ordered to be armed," may pos sibly lead to the belie f t hat Fenianismmay have obtained a few conver t s even among the seamen of her Majesty's Navy. This would he a g ross error . The convict Reade was certainly convicted as it were on his own confes sion, made in terms that a fiveithaswasthesentencedofall present at th e t r i a l, an d who witnessed the prisoner's demeanour in court, that he is insane. Clearly further inquiry should be made ; and if he should prove to be so far in sane as to be labouring under delusions as regards his duty as a seaman, and what he terms in his de fence " the outlaw principle," the matter should be at once an 3 publicly set right, and the stigma of the supposed act of treason and disloyalty removed from her Majesty's Navy. The written defence handed in by Reade to the court contained strong evidence of its being the production of a man who might, under certain conditions, become dan gerous to society, but who at present is but a miserable monomaniac, and morally irresponsible for his actions, The following is a copy of this production : " The reason why I refused to take arms when ordered is because I would not be an oppressive means to an outlaw principle that usurps public power and underlies its political face. It has attained this position under the caver and through the impractical influence of Pro testantism, and its policy is to render itself impreg nable by the unnecessary display of brute force for the purpose of intimidation, and, by the most dark and fiendish craft, to turn the current of public opinion to its own purposes, and keep it loyal by deception. I refused to take arms because I looked upon the Fonians as being simply demonstrators of discontent, and the natural turning of the worm when it is excruciat ingly crushed. But apart from Fenians, and under the assumption of Fenians, the outlaw principle has been at work, inciting to horrible and useless deeds of violence, for the express purpose of setting every good, honest, gener ous, and right-minded man against it, and thereby termi nate its existence and its object together. From the be ginning intelligent men could see that Fenianism was incapable of forcing its rights, and rightly kept clear of it —but although its force was despicable, its existence was significant. It was significant of discontent, and the cause of discontent is a matter that causes most agitation among those responsible for it." [Prisoner further condemned putting down Fenianism by stratagem, and said the Fenians did not evince any inclination to give their enemies an opportunity to crush them by force. He con cluded by saying] :—".I believe myself to be a truly loyal man, loyal to honest truth and virtue ; and by all that is sacred we are forbidden to be in allegiance or to be loyal to evil combinations or designs, and any man that is loyal to such he either bows down in fear and slavery to the fcrce of brutality, or he is otherwise deceived by craft. The outlaw principle that usurps public power treads more or less upon the consciences and interests of all that is subject to its rule. flaying stated thus much under con sideration of consequences, I believe myself to be subject to your discretion. " CHARLES READE." Immediately on the completion of the iron-clad frigate Hercules, 14, 1,200 horse power (nominal), now building at Chatham dockyard, where she is expected to be ready for floating out of the dock in which she has been built in a couple of months from the present time, it is intended to commence the construction of another new ironclad armour-plated ship of the Hercules class, the . drawings and plans for which are now id course of preparation under the direction of the Controller of the Navy, and are shortly exi ected at the dockyard. The name by which the new ship will be designated has not yet been officially announced. in the designs for the new ironclad frigate now under consideration at the Admiralty care will be taken to adapt the new ship by giving her increased tonnage and length, to the latest improvements in artillery by enabling her to ount guns of the heaviest description. LATEST INTELL IGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) THE BRAZILS. ARRIVAL OF 'THE SEINE. (Via Lisbon.) Rio DE JANEIRO, Dec. 9. Exchange on London, 20i- to 20i ; on Paris, 460 to 476. Coffee has advanced 200 reis per arrica. Good firsts are quoted 6,500 to 6,700 reis. Total shipments of coffee since the departure of the last mail 168,401 bags, of which 28,108 were for the Channel, 37,358 for the norai of Europe, 22,711 for the Mediterranean, and 7,486 for the Baltic. Sales, 149,230 bags. Stock, 120,000 bags. Flour has advanced 6,000 reis per barrel. Freight, 40s. to 425. 6d. BAHIA, Dec. 14. Exchange on London, 20 to 20k. Sugar— ♦vhites, 2,800 to 4,200 reis; browns, 2,900 to 3,000 reis. Cotton, 9,500 to 10,000 reis. PERNAMBUCO, Dec. 16. Exchange on London, 201 to 20i. Sugars— whites, 4,700 to 4,800 reis ; browns, 2,500 to 2,600 reis. Cotton, 8,000 to 8,600 reis. LISBON, Jan. 7. The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company's ship Seine, from Brazil, arrived here to-day at three p.m., and will leave for Southampton at 10 a.m. to-morrow, with 52 passengers, specie $66,100, 70 bales of cotton, 30 serous of ipecacuanah, 2,112 bap of coffee, 799 rolls of tobacco, and 157 packages of sundries. She was delayed by her port paddle shaft break ing when 200 miles south of Bahia. The Oneida, with the outward mail of December, was at St. Vincent on the 20th December ; the Estramadure at Bahia on the 15th inst. HUNGARY. PESTII, Jan, 8. The subscription to the Hungarian Railway Loan will be opened at the latter end of January. The trial of Herr Boszormenyi for publication of a seditious article has been fixed for the 22d of January. MALTA. VALETTA, Jan. 7. The Ottoman ironclad frigate Malimuchie, from Crete on the sth inst., has arrived here. The Grand Vizier was still there, endeavouring to con ciliate the population by appointing Christian go vernors. The Norwegian corvette Nordjernen, reported ashore at Mitylene, arrived safely at Smyrna yes terday, and was about to leave for Alexandria. The Indian steam transport Serapis has left for Portsmouth. FRANCE. BOURSE, JAN. 7, Three o'clock.--The market closed as follows : 41 per Cent. End of month - 3 per Cent End of month— 68 77i Credit Mobilier End of month 162 50 Credit Ponder 1350 End of month 1356 25 RAILWAY Dank Shares 3275 It&Fan Loan End of month 44 67i Mexican Loan Do. Bonds Spanish Threes Home Debt 3l 50 Deferred — Account ---- --- Orleans ... 866 f Northern Lyons and Mediterranean Southern__ 5524 Western — Eastern .. 535 Sardinian Austrian ~ Lombard ~ 40 513/ 346* North of Spain Saragossa Roman STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, Jan. 7.—ln shipping yarns there has been a fair business doing at the prices which were current and easily obtainable last Tuesday, but buyers were unwilling to give the rates de manded on Friday. The principal buying has been in yarns suitable for the markets of Germany, China, and to a moderate extent for those of India. Home trade yarns have been quiet but steady. A moderate business has been transacted in these, and prices are generally the same as last Tuesday for all counts of yarn. Spinners and manufacturers are now feeling in a little more comfortable position than they have been, owing to pretty good supply of contracts, and are less disposed to press goods upon the market; but even yet there are some ex ceptions to the rule, and spinners are found easier to deal with than others. For cloth we have bad a fair number of offers from buyers of India goods of the better makes ; China shirtiugs have also been a good deal inquired for. The offers, however, show no improvement in the rates buyers were willing to give last week. On the other hand, manufacturers have been more disposed to listen to such offers, be cause of yarns being a shade easier. We cannot say that a very general business has been done, or even an extensive one; but a fair number of orders have been taken to make, chiefly of the India and China staple makes of cloth. There has also been more demand for printing cloths, with n more cheerful feeling pervading the market generally. Sellers' quotations remain without much alteration. Messrs. John Slagg and Co. report of this day's cloth market :-- " Though a moderate business was done on Fri day and Saturday, the past week has been on the whole a quiet one ; and even the advance in cotton failed almost entirely to influence our prices. To day the low offers of last week are in many cases repeated, and the easier tone of the yarn-market has in some instances enabled makers to accept them." CARDIFF, 6th.—After two or three weeks rather dull times, business at the docks is again beginning to assume some of its former vitality, and there have been a good number of departures during the last few days. The demand for steam coal from the Eastern markets is not quite 60 good as a short time since, owing, it is said, to a belief that the Abyssinian prisoners will be liberated, and the object of the expedition will thus be accom plished. Should, however, the war continue, there is likely to be a considerable increase in the de mand, as the stocks at the mail packet stations are known to be low at the present time. France continues to purchase ratherlarge quantities, the principal shipments being made to Nantes. For house qualities the demand has slightly improved, and with the continuance of cold weather the con sumption will probably keep about the average. In consequence of the low prices obtained for both steam and house qualities, the colliery proprietors have given notice of a reduction of from 10 to 15 per cent. in wages. In the iron trade business evinces no vitality, and it is the opinion of many that a reaction will not set in until the spring. There are a few shipments to be made this month, but to no large extent. For tin plates the American inquiry has fallen off. LEEDS, 7th.—There was but a small attendance of buyers in the cloth halls this morning. A few Manchester and Bradford buyers were present, but scarcely any from other towns. The chief demand was for spring goods, but the parcels purchased were small in amount. The fabrics which sold to the largest extent were tweeds, and of these the medium and low qualities were in most repast. Plain steel mixtures, blue-grey shades, and those of fancy warps seemed to be most approved by buyers. A few London buyers are in the town, but their operations, which are confined to the warehouses, are marked by great caution. Their visits in many instances appear morn for inquiry after new pat terns and the range of prices than for the actual purchase of goods. The country clothiers report work, except in tweed-making districts, as rather slack. There is no perceptible alteration in prices. CORRESPONDENCE FROM PARIS. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) PARIS, TUESDAY, Jan. 7. Two of our journalists are at present in prison instead of in their.bureaux. M. Duchene has been there some time. M. Lepage's term of one month's incarceration has only just commenced. He was sentenced for a libel on the Princess of Metternich, tile particulars of which will be familiar to your readers. Tho Courricr Francais has also been exposed to the fire of persecution. The Correctional Tribunal has been called on for judgment in an action of defamation brought by certain persons composing the representative committee of wine agents against that paper. - The offence was com• mitted in an article which appeared on the 20th of August last, imputing to the plaintiffs the practice of mixing water with wine which they sold, and of ruining the persons who confided their produce to them to be disposed of. The court condemned M. DucUne, the ged.ant, and M. Town; the printer, the former to a month's imprisonment, and the latter to a fortnight, and to costs; also to _ "Wish the judgment in their journal and to advertise it in five other public prints. M. Vermorcl, the editor, not being con sidered responsible for the article, which was not written by him, was discharged from the proceedings. The late elections for the two seats in the Legislative Body, rendered vacant by the promotion of M. Gouin, sen., and Dr. Conneau to the Senate, have set the breasts of the Opposition rejoicing. M. D'Estournel, in the de partment of the Somme, polled 13,005 votes ; the official candidate, 11. Villemant, only 12,703. M. Houssard, in the Indre-et-Loire, registered 10,879 votes ; his opponent LT. Gouin, polled 7,627. I mention as an item of intelligence of interest to your commercial readers that during the past year the Tribunal of Commerce of the Seine has pronounced no less than 1,620 bankruptcies. I believe this number shews an ex cess of 120 over the list of last year. In March next the Prince Imperial will attain the age of 12, and already preparations are being made at the Tuileries for his first reception of the Holy Sacrament. I have to mention the sudden death of M. de Rebous, vne of our deputies, who was in his place and took a part in the debate only a few days since. Two of our manufacturers think free trade and ruin synonymous terms. M. Pouser-Quertier and Li. Brame are anxiously endeavouring to restore protection and prohibi• tion to France. This may be set down as foolish. M. Pouser-Quertier has gone further, and adopted a course which is mischievous, for, feeling that he cannot compete with England, he has closed his manufactory entirely. By this means six thousand men are thrown out of employ ment. A fight between soldiers and sliders is not a very digni- fied proceeding. Such a scene, however, has been wit- nessed in the vicinity of the barracks of the Prince Eugene, in the Place of the Chateau d'Eau. A number of man and boys were disporting themselves on the ice, which proceeding was disapproved by the officers in the barracks, who despatched a file of men to disperse the crowd. They took nothing by the movement, however, for the sliders would not give way. The file of men was then increased by a detachment under the command of a sergeant, and a very amusing free fight ensued, ending in the capture of half a dozen prisoners. Ono of our papers contains the following extract from the Gazette de Konigsberg :—" In the Russian village of Kasan a new theatre has been erected, and the governor of the department has issued an ordonnance according to which the manager is bound to give, at least once a week, a representation to which mothers may not be ashamed to take their daughters." The journal in question supple ments the extract with the comment : " Here is a very gal• lant governor, whose example our Parisian directors would do well to follow, if it went only so far as to correct what is offensive to the eye." I believe many of your sporting men during the pa, year have been heavy losers. It may comfort them to know that their misfortunes on the turf are not without parallels in our clubs, where high play is the rule. If the Figaro may be believed, Khalil Bey has lost 43,000 pounds —not francs—in one night. THE ABYSSINIAN CAMPAIGN A private letter from the camp at Zulla, dated Decem ber 19, ccntains the following : ' The Norma arrived here on the 13th, and I at once landed. The appearance of the place is remarkable, but perhaps 'distance lends enchantment.' The bay is about twelve miles across, but the water near the shore is very shallow, so that the ships, of which there are four men-of-war and about twenty-five transports, generally have to anchsr a long way out. One fair jetty has been built and another begun. The spring tide, which is now at its full height, sweeps over the completed jetty whenever the wind blows, but will not do any material harm useless there should be a storm. The beach is a most curious sight, and reminds those who were there of Balaklava,. Sheds, tents, and stacks of stores lying in the open, lines of bullock carts with sup plies for those who are further up the country, mules being piled with saddles, and coolies carrying bundles, are all over the place, and the air is thick with dust, which, ex cept close to the sea, is fin, or Gin. deep. This, indeed, is our greatest discomfort, as it flies in clouds, and every thing in my tent is thickly covered with it when there is the slightest breath of air. To keep clean under the circumstances is a matter of difficulty in a country where the nearest water is fourteen miles off, and where every drop consumed has to be brought from the ships, nor is the condensed water as refreshing as common fresh water, and consequently the bullocks and mules, &c., consume far more than they would otherwise do. " The demand is frequently much greater than the supply, and many a mule, unable to quench his thirst, lies down and dies. The scene which was enacted when Sir Charles Staveley first arrived was horrible—the animals all fighting for a place, and seizing the troughs in their mouths, while the men would plunge their heads into the same troughs from which the beasts were drinking, many of which are known to be suffering from a disease they call `African g'anders,' which has carried off many, but is not in reality glanders at all, fortunately. Added to these difficulties, the muleteers, who were a very polyglot and scampish lot, struck work, and were sent back, and thus hundreds o: mules were left wandering about the country without food or water. Sir Charles at once had them collected, employed soldiers to take care of them, sent up the sick to Hadooda, about fourteen miles, where there is and set about sending others with supplies to the various places where troops are, or where the depOts may be established. Things, in consequence, arc now in a very orderly state ; and if we get the means of fil tering the water from the ships, we shall be quite ready for the arrival of snore troops. The heat is not very great here ; generally the thermometer is between 80 deg. and 90 deg. in the shade. The climate I believe to be healthy, and the sick are very few. The only things worthy of note about here are the remains of Zoulla, the ancient Adullis.' There are very complete ruins, and I fancy pavements and other remains may be found below the surface, for it is only natural a city on the coast will in time be covered with deposit from the sea. . . . The dust is frightful, so I am glad to say the General and two or three of us are going up to-morrow to Senaf6, the most advanced post occupied by us. It is about 70 miles up ip Tigre. We shall be away five or six clays, as Sir Charles wishes to be back here some days before Sir Robert Napier arrives." SPORT AT NOCTON.—EarI De Grey, with five friends, has had excellent sport during the - last week. 011 the Monday, with six guns, the party bagged over 1,400 head of game, of which 1,200 were rabbits. The next day the party shot over a portion of the woods, killing up wards of 700 head, but over Blankney the party was not so successful, under 300 being all that were bagged. POLICE PRECAUTIONS IN DUBLIN.—The police duties in the metropolitan district have been now so ar ranged that on very short notice the entire force at the disposal of the authorities can be brought into requisition. The reserves have been considerably reinforced, and in no instance are less than two constables—armed with re volvers and cutlasses---:allowed to patrol together. A per fect system has also been adopted for conveying with expedition intelligence of any alarm to the nearest station on Tuesday, for the first time, one of each of the two gates for pedestrians leading into Dublin Castle was closed, and in addition to the military sentry who keeps guard with loaded rifle, a police constable has been placed on duty to watch suspicious characters. At a quarter-past four o'clock in the afternoon, in consequence of orders received by the officer of the main Castle guard, all the entrances to Dublin Castle were closed, and no person was permitted to enter except on producing an authorisation, or satisfac torily explaining his business. —Dublin Evening lhail. ATTEMPTED ESCAPE OF A CONVICT.—WhiIe the convicts employed on the Chatham Dockyard extension works were at work on St. Mary's Island, one of the number, named John Campbell, who is undergoing a term of seven years' penal servitude, attempted in a very daring manner to effect his escape. The convict, who had armed himself with a heavy iron spanner, had contrived to conceal himself beneath the boiler of one of the brickmaking machines, and on being missed an active search was immediately instituted to dis cover his hiding place. About a quarter of an hour after wards he was discovered by Police-constable 17, on duty at the works, when, on being ordered out of his hlding place, Campbell commenced a determined attack with his weapon on King and Courtman, two of the warders en gaged in re-capturing him. He was, however, soon over powered, although not before the convict warders had drawn their swords, when he allowed himself to be con ducted to the prison, where he will undergo the punish raeut awarded to convicts attempting their eicane. (C'v"--14„p5F- I:TS 34, '4tt . "611:1111 - --- si--- - Inn 111, ...t - I L, ~,,. II ER MAJESTY. OSBORNE, Jan. 7. The Queen walked and drove in the grounds yes terday afternoon, accompanied by Princess Louise ; and her Majesty, accompanied by Princess Beatrice, walked out this morning. The _Princess Mary of Cambridge and Prince Tcck are expected to visit Stockton next Monday, on their way to Wynyard Park, the seat of E ,r 1 Vane. The town council will receive their royal highnesses on their arrival. His Excellency Haider Effendi, the Turkish Ambassador at Vienna; arrived from Vienna yesterday morning, and in the course of the afternoon visited his Excellency M. Musurus Pasha at the Turkish Embassy in Bryanston-square. The Earl and Countess of Charlernont have been entertaining a succession of friends at Marino House, Dub lin. The earl and countess's party will not be discon tinued till their return to England in the course of next month. The Earl and Countess of Yarborough and a, lerge party assembled early in the present week on a visit to Sir Edward and Hon. Lady Filmer, at their seat near Maidstone. The Earl and Countess of Hopetoun and Miss Constance Reynardson have left Long's Hotel for Canford Manor, Dorset. Viscount and Viscountess Sydney have passed through town on their way to visit the Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury at Savernake, from Frognal, Kent. A ArETV lIELD-211A11SHAL. After a period of service unexampled, we should think, in military history, Sir John Burgoyne pro poses at length to retire from active duty, and few would deny that the rank of Field-Marshal, to which he has just been elevated, has been well and fairly earned. The length of his career, indeed, appears almost incredible. It commenced in the last century, and if at the time when he entered the army there were any officers in it as old as he is now, their re collections might have gone back to the days of Marlborough. When the young soldier received his first commission the Duke of Wellington was only in the eleventh year of his service, and Buonaparte was but a Republican General. Since that time 70 years have elapsed, and Sir John Burgoyne still survives, not only hale and vigorous, but actually on duty as before. It is, indeed, not the least surprising feature in this unparalleled service that it should have been performed without a break, and there is probably no other army in the world which could produce a soldier who had been on full pay ever since 1798. Nor will the fact lose any of its singularity if we remember the nature of the service. For nearly twenty years it was a service of the greatest difficulty.and peril. Sir John Bur goyne belonged to the Royal Engineers, and the demands upon the corps in the Peninsular War were heavy in the extreme. The war was in some sense a war of sieges, and yet sieges were operation s of which our armies had not the least experience The history of those days can hardly even now be read without emotion. Our troops sat down before some of the strongest fortresses in Europe without any adequate means of attack. Lord Wellington was ill-provided with guns and stores, and the engineers of his army were few and imperfectly organised. In fact, the whole department had, as it were, to be created for the occasion. So great was the demand, and so short the supply of officers in this branch of the service, that the War-office freely offered commissions to any young men who could produce evidence of a mathematical educa tion. As to the rank and file of the corps, it was represented mainly by men draughted from the line with such hasty training as the officers could give them. 'What ensued might have been easily anticipated. Our troops did take towns, just as they won battles, but at a dreadful sacrifice of life. Yet through all these days Sir John Burgoyne served and lived, and the Engineer officer who had commenced his career with the siege of Malta sur vived to conduct, above half a century later, the siege of Sebastopol. That name brings us to times with which the present generation is familiar, and to events which are still fresh in public memory. We read of Bada joz and San Sebastian as we read of Madgeburg and Stralsund, but Sebastopol is a name of yes terday still. . What that campaign really meant Sir John Burgoyne explained to us. He told his countrymen afterwards that the term " siege" as applied to the operations of the British army before Sebastopol was a misnomer. The Russians, defended by formidable works, were confronted oy the Allies, and oue army attacked the other army, sometimes with success, sometimes defeated, dll at last the position of the enemy was forced, and we remained victorious. Once more, however, oven at his advanced age, Sir John Burgoyne sur vived a campaign which, for its duration, was more ,leadly and destructive than any on record, and re turned home to pursue a career which no peace ever interrupted. It is the peculiarity of the Engineer service that its duties are uniutermitteut, and the retrospect of Sir John Burgoyne in this particular must be without any counterpart in such experience. [he contrast between guns and forts as they are now and as they were in 1798, or even in 1818, could hardly be described. In no other respect has the art of war been so completely revolutionised. Upon the whole, we may say, perhaps, that an in creased value is placed upon fortifications, and a greater importance attached to the service of which Sir John is the head. We arc even introducing, for the first time since the days of the Romans, ela borate systems of fortification into this island. We are constructing works of which a single redoubt would absorb and consume all the engineers' means at the disposal of an army in Sir John's early days. A. single gun of our own time would throw a pro jectile as heavy as all the shot of a Peninsular battering train. Peninsular veterans are becoming rare, but Sir John Burgoyne was a soldier of experience before these Veterans began. The war in Spain only came as it were in the middle of his active service. He cad been to Sicily and to Alexandria before he went to Portugal, and could, indeed, from his own per sonal recollections, have compared the landing in the Crimea with the descent upon Egypt. If there are others surviving whose memories coould go as far back, there are none who could claim not only to have served then but to have served ever since. Sir John Burgoyne, however, first fought through the wars of the Revolution, then pursued the duties of his profession through the 40 years' peace, then went again upon more active service, and only now, more than 10 years after that last service was con cluded, bethinks himself of retirement and repose. It is a most surprising retrospect, but if length of years and weight of work ever entitled a man to distinction, it must be allowed that such recompense is the righteous due of the soldier whose career we nave been reviewing.— Times. TITHE COM . MUTATION-SEPTENNIAL A VERA GES. TO THE EDITOR OP THE SUN. SIR,—As many of your readers may fool desirous to Know the result of the corn averages for the seven years to Christmas, 1867, published in the London Gazette.of this lay, viz. :—Wheat, 6s. 3fd. ; barley, 43. 31d. ; oats, 2s. 100. per imperial bushel—as successor to the late Mr. Charles M. Willich, I beg to state for their information ,hat the £lOO of titho rent-chargo for the year 1868 will Amount to £lOO 13s. Bd., or about £2 per cent, more than ;ast year. The following statement will show the worth of £lOO of ,ithe rent-charge for each of the following years : X s. d. s. d. 1861 1862 1863 1864 The general average value of £lOO tithe rent-charge for c,he whole period of 32 years since the passing of the Tithe Llommutation Act is found to be £lOO 16s. lid. I remain, Sir, your most obedient servant, CHARLES SPCABE, Secretary. University Life Assurance Society, 24, Suffolk • street, Pall-mall, Jan. 7. MC The p Bank o f weather ing, a g, niaud of place, b yesterda securitie speculat Railway some ►ni stocks. count M there is first -clan per CI The C Consc and 92 1 1. Three Cents., Exchequ were yes Italian ( (1865), firm, 34, and Gre Ito 4 p The 1 coupon. In An are i 1 0 , at 48 to i higher Railw regular Great 11 London each. further Midland and Brig Lancash 1021 to 1 north I 106 to 1 28i to 2' 48 to 48 to 74i ; 171 to l Atlan 22 to 2 steady, Great Grand r. 1071; 1 to 103. Lond( and uni The 1 Cornp an circula r ---" Mr. Work s Compan tor s w i actual Worki ng , of ore p; Per men and th a t f rom tin cr 9as i„ g tailed Si th e eern able i ti f , the con ] print ed The ti Way Co' atiko wa a week of 2 (-J UV " Per Le, • bo• A. Per C o blew 3 p 148 W 2} Do. 5 kunuitic fo Do (R, ▪ choci t Do Do Bank of Do. A, LID] ludia u Do. A Do. 5 Do. 4 Do. a Do. E Do. 5 Do. 53 Do. 5' Do 1) Do. B Do. u: Argenti. Austria] Brazilia: Do. 4-i Do. &. 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