The Sun. — London, England, 1851-10-08 00:00:00

-.A Id; ck ; leo; rir BOOP 1110 Jl 3 ; ,00; ortt Oa' 50 S: 's • 5 • S ' $ • $ s iot▪ a' 140 ▪ . " 50 0 10° 111° few' ' O O , TO G. P. YOUNG, ESQ., M P. rning -Ilt,--1 have read our letter in the Chronicle of Thursds y llst. It put me in mind of 4 t ale told of a sturdy Y mendicant, who, when sternly l r e f used b... a said, „ Oa gentleman, turned awa , y , , an , d , i‘ d i e t lai w ri h n e gj -Ju• nay God, then I must. asid the alarmed gentleman. th e IorP PI •' Go to w o t r h k e , .T. And so must your dear friends, I.Bo'..tb,eY rous . t go to work.. Adam Smith " la w nd a - s abou t rent,_ giVe n US something from A must know _f at _selriething th 14, profit, and wages, but you to etas , !nith, which ,it would be well for Y else has come out since the days o a u _la . w i . 8 , 0 : se f ia b b i lu n et d e r r a e t u tt i d t y deeply, before you ask for Just have a look at what Mil tug . we,l And look en -.1 the titne 411 $ hiPs, railroads, Sco , &c., and reflect on the ' t ° o l at the progress America is production:4T rutty be left far behind, supposing consumed" any this great country should be was look into an 3: protected rent- holders.you throu g h ~ t•ace 100 0001 spent by artificialSupposeolers enhanc'etnen't of price, amount saved and that same the rent-hold by therent-holders peo le ` te r spends it 04 horses carriages, &c., , people through naturalprice t — he _rep spend It on railroads ship,, In the . 13 , t case the mon ey $ ip,:bouses . & . c. _, second it becomeYe the - . tn agents to be ann; h th e i n la d te r d e . pr l e n . unction. 8 a of streng WhY, Sir, wer e • t o e f l :l ol der, and kyoblir SaVingS to , -ixn wasted on luxuries, insteades,.ll be paid over to the we at g l : 4 Ped and put to reproductive purpo b s I ‘ _ ow t o Ate et i o l . ar s time England would have had to es _ ls b il e bon e to de and sinew of England had began becoming Rzt•Tuni sere protection, her peasants It . 1 .,,,` rd savage, and had not the late lamentedt,_ d fall h a , ts:. stepped in to the rescue, her declitae were Sir place t been distant. Bat a great change has li ta , k a e r n . pier U'illit.eiba.nge which will for a time act on the t ti4ent 1 his rent approximates somewhere to the con the 41 standard, which sooner or later it must do,. jeet , infOrollltlolo given in your letter on that sub ti ou 'ma)? be found valuable when shorn of its excep -1 fe atures, huic res, snclusion, I beg leave to inform you that the . re w nt n - Iva dyes foe man centuries have had it all their o illisnycilt.lehneay had th e i r l an d o n certain conditions, which they have from time to time altered always youth:lo'4,m favour, so, perhaps, it would be better for 'PH:save 11 lon e •at all events, before you come bP well a ' little ' I,_ !tie for some of my . ukt-1101der, to give to the the whole subject m s u a s v t i l3e ng f s ully looked in to. I am, Sir, &c., London •• A TIN PLATE WORKER. , O ct . • 4, 1851. 41 ITGURATION OF A STATUE TO WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. S I le ar I t — While travelling lately in Normandy, I Nosd that a celebration was to come off at Falaise, ll' h Pah e i mill possess considerable interest to the English le aitu n , • Falaise, a town of some 10,000 inhabitants, e ae ;; 4 ' . l about twenty-one English miles south of am t !Ja the birth•place of William the Conqueror, day ",,ere, in front of the Hotel de Ville, on Tues klasti'et- 14th, the anniversary of the battle of Itie v u gs, an equestrian statue to the first Norman 4 t o ° Q t . Englaud, Just finished by a Parisian artist, be e ar e „,_ ads at lade augurated. Great preparations ita,, of t i l 7le at Ffor a splendid file. The castle hot ' bor n e Dukes of Normandy—where William was 04; ti r *sscov • fit_, Aihnl. r„' eri ng about four acres, with the lofty ~.,,*7 ~, Paster:' ..-t_ower," erected by Earl Talbot in the 15th L' d Past ot „,,4 uovv stands a magnificent monument of the ti l t , kasen7an object of great interest to visitors. The t° () ex I "rk of the Talbot Tower I have not seen i be ~.. cell e d i v* ' ''eoti et t Z , 13 3' building in Great Britain. I will bitts , teach ( N. aL, 'when the traveller is at Havre, he can As dil' 'len b - 3 0- . c , 'Renn es , at Y i "teamer in about four hours, where co Sp deo, where William Falaise several times a day. At • i P la ce, there are "Ewl and his Queen find a resting ig • architecture thaniniuore splendid samples of Norman the a n; city in Europe. Poe l illo t o _, AN' .i. a m s ir , yours, &c., vs,' " 11 " 11 9 Oct. 4. AMERICAN TRAVELLER. Ibtl _____ teltokor n _ %).,iTEte .. ,_ .....„.--................_____________ I A tre P s 4 red to b e li e vo9c A ltaAcus.--We may be partly , r ol : bt,Z ih t : he folio in Roman Catholic miracles, as soon as 00 0 As m o 'lll is tau g h t F miracles accomplished :—As soon as Vier Irish as the R o ° keep in his head a respectful tongue. Viel t ,,, r ish against Tlari Catholic priests cease instigating the pove_ki 'lotion, thatutna, and impressing them with the N e 7,3" . ;u 2 a Woes. A ngland is the source of all their .. , Abb e ' la rearing '''' th s soon as Cardinal Wiseman has sue dr% Y vlsick b g e " little Paradise" round Westminster 3 e talked 01(1/'' tae ex , 4 -8 so on as th so boastingly about in his ad -000, the ... _ fi “,e benevolence° Pope practises in all his actions 1: Nller s 4 -tst proof of • he professes in all his words; and, aples c° nhaed for t ' releases the hundreds of poor priso . a t gth a .rid itoree. political offences in the dungeons of • lio-'iral. to be b• As soon as the Pope allows an English to II 'soonearl cathedral mit in the centre of Rome, as we allow a t 014 It o Is t re obe built in the middle of London. As , th, Pe s body- go n e d h soldiers are driven out of Rome, and the i' bet,,ove extraor-dponsists of none but Romans. As soon as V . pi,t7r prepared t r o ? 3 1 : 1 7 event s are accomplished we shall be 4zrees that a Wink or S e any impossibility in the way of 1 kir z , o ' oyiug else they please ; for nothing short of a s Ilire ac 3 ihiProbable •fpass the accomplishment of events so kw e4llplished, 41a vill?t perfectly impossible. When they : Iv , oer n b oll . ill promise to be amongst the most ACS hn itt be _Yers in "P -oman Catholic miracles; but till then 1 dblity. 4 " i/w ed the h 0 , tt14,3 7-uncli. 1-, ealthy privilege of a little rational $ ' e' t'i 1 , &a ACC IDENT ju ~-, _, , ip n ()D .- 7 wh o i TO R. JaATTY'S CLOWN..—. iv' ItiliV"Pe, at iii.,‘`_%sell known as the clown at Mr. Batty's a. clae, naight h e , " ington, met with an accident yesterday i tot lee 3. It a e been attended with very serious conse a to_ on an o_i).paeasrts that after one of the performances he , i , Rent, into u l t rvebiocitake him to his residence, near Isling tioolttit,° a r utk in th e e was psing along Oxford -street it g o , give acpit e h ed (a road, andsin the violent collision Mr. 00 , 1133pit,t4iti in ilia a into the street. He c mplained of ex -oof th, 4 4.4 wher e h rrn ' "LI was taken to the Charing-cros s 4 4, oti,e,so e 'mu "e .A, . rtc, s _ .e .. rge" , ...,__ : n and attended to by Mr. Dalton, 10,',,, Ni s ,:att n d by t h, fail:l'4o.round one of his wrists frightfully L_P.,, floeliawiditttee di,j o 7 ntec l-il , the aid of surgical skill was ap ._,rdi , tit. W ould be b unabi e to toll f!et; but it is probable Mr. r,. Ne fie _., better • if p ave "° W his avocation for some time. ionths, .1. s.etaaents were not liat%nts were in such a state that 11 44, ()YETI IMPoR DI to happan. to ' P ea ee l ja the • lA TIoN —y . ~,, I Nai,, • e rive r , f ro ,' Yesterday the Diana bo ° 41Port"auges, ox ril St. f'etersburgh, with a cargo of AV , 11,_ 4 /tuna or R, tad reindeer tongues. This is the first eg ..t% oveity le.._.e assran sausages that h taken vi Wed w ith as place, and Clill ° th mush euriosit Y. lo' )1 3CY )1( 01 ~. ST EOPPAG OFTWO BANKS .(PROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.) NEWPORT, MONMOUTHSHIRE, OCT. 7. The appearance of the money article in this morn ing's Sun, of the announcement that the bills of our chief local bank (the Monmouth and Glamorganshire Joint -Stock Bank) had been refused payment by the London Commercial Bank, has causer! a panic here never before witnessed in Newport, where a similar transaction had never been heard of previously. The uncertainty that existed in the public mind AS to whether payments would continue to be made by the bank this morning, was very great during the period intervening between the arrival of The Sun and the openin g sons, eager to hour at ba n k. A l arge crow d o f per _ withdraw their credits, crowded around t he d oor long before ten o'clock, and the most alarm ng reports prevailed. At length, as the hour of ten drew near, a notice was fixed on the doors and in the wind nee wio ws a the b an k, announc i ng that " in con trade,2"' of the recent d epress i on in the iron rece and the wi t hd rawal of support hitherto i ved, the managers were o bli ged to suspen d payments a sho r t time, but hoped to resume us iness in a few days." This was calculated to in crease suspicions instead of allaying them, as it was nilities were heavy, !le, c.nrnpanied by a very general rumour that the lia the sum ot 200,000/. having been receatly drawn Out fur the iron works, among which which is It. J. Blewitt, E q were the ewm Beane Iron Works, at the head of Ni l o" , the M.P. for these bo and on e of the proprietors s of the bank. Of thec?uvse eriggeration was rite. There are, however, mon e tary Circles o most serious apprehensions entertained in the that " the worst is not yet known. in the of the shareholders have invested their little all also, wh o and their fears are very great. Many, hension_, torlbLe howevern had credits in small amounts—considerable, al—are under the most anxious appre tie; „ _ Aue bene fit societies of the town and 'Bunourhond . . and a mong t hav e made large deposits in the bank, termed odd I' hose societies the unonrolled . , bodies derable a m elic cve, were depositors to a very consi positors have • 'uht—about 4,0001. it is said. These de in the Cr not the claim that enrolled societies have Poor 'e of suspended payments of a bank; all the i n a very who are the members are thus, it is feared, rememberedeatial ery unfortunate position ; though it should be Lab].ln y hod that t he proprietary—a large and influ- 1 are well a bl e to pay, an d must pay al „si es of tlae bank w h atsoever. th6N"?ou after the notice alluded to had been put up at Ate3llll"rnnuth and Glamorgan Bank, the doors f , srs. Willie ' Closed s „.. , .nu a , ins s old bank in this town were also were su ,notice affixed to t suspension of the door that payments h e hi , Pended in consequence of the Znntnouth and Glamorgan Bank. to ir i a - , is was a prudent step, .doubtless; but it tended la ~ ' re "e the panic already existing, though the fears small,ard to the old bank were fortunately but very b thi) IA ugh of a different character (it being a private bask to thuse respecting the other. thetie streets have been filled by groups of mercantile ,IP?°fessional men all the day, all of wh om ev i nce ls ra .Z.eP ea t concern. When we menti on th a t t h e riesuthshire re a — "" commercial interests in the pl ace , th e M on - Riiiway and Canal C om p any , th e f acto• tnan'thaed se veral companies bank with th e Mon panic .ftud Gl amorgan, it will readily b e supp ose d th e 19 extensive. We h o e ' i 8 ap nr ,Pe to be able to report more favourably than Di s t rict third rho e ' - 'ended at present, in the course of a day or two. bank in town, the West of England nab • k, is unaffected by the crisis. ,__ SUN, LONDON, SALLE AT KNOWSLEY. o'clock Mr. Stevens, the auctioneer, invited the com pany—which had by that time become very numerous —to accompany him through the grounds to the pens in which the several lots were to be seen. The first lot put up was a fine Java deer—cervus rusa of S. Muller. Lord Hill commenced the bidding at five guineas, the animal was ultimately knocked down - to him at 13 guineas. A second, also, a male, was bought by Mr. Thompson, the curator of the col lection, for eleven guineas, a% it was understood, for a friend of Lord Elill. A female specimen, bred at Knowsley, brought 10 guineas; and another eight. A Molucca deer (male) cervus rasa Moluccensis of S. Muller, the only one in Europe, was bought by Mr. Thompson for nine guineas. Another of the same species and sex was knocked down to M. Pre veaux for 231.; a female was bought by M. Verch man for 10 guineas; and another female was bought by Mr. Jatnrae for seven guineas. Seven hog-deer were next put up—cervus Hyela phus porcinus. A male and female, the latter bred at Knowsley, were bought by Mr. Thomp son for 11/. ; anotber pair were bought by Mr. Ducker for 9/. ' - and three, a m a l e a n d t wo females, were bought by Lord Hill for 121. 103. A Muntjac—cervus Aluntjccus from India (male), was knocked down to M. Preveaux for 71.; a pair of the same species, bred at Knowsley, were bought by the same gentleman for 151. Mr. Ducker bought a brocket deer, cervus ( Coussus), from Brazil, for 61. 10s. ; a female brought 51. 10i., bought by the same gentleman. The next lot, a Savannah deer, had died shortly before the commencement of the sale. A Virginian fallow deer, cervus Virginianus, was bought by M. Preveaux for 7/. ; Mr. Ducker bought a pair of the same species for 91. 10s. The next lot consisted of 11 roe-deer, which were at large in the park, and were put up subjected to all faults, and with the condition that the purchaser should catch them. They have, with one exception, been bred at Knowsley. The lot was knocked down to Mr. Her- ring, of the New road, for 21. 10s. each. The above comprise the principal lots offered yesterday. The auctioneer, before commencing the business of the day, refuted a rumour to the effect that the late Earl of Derby was opposed to the dispersion of the animals and birds forming the Knowsley collection. REPUBLICANISM 11V RUSSIA. Are we to become Republican or Cossack ? If Europe hastens its development and greatly outstrips Russia, it may fall a victim to its precocity ; for Hu m:may is slow in its movements, and any section of it too quickly developed, is in peril. Humanity grows ; we cannot force it. As Giiethe says, who can tell the caterpillar creeping on the twig, of its future food ? Who can aid the chrysalis in bursting through its shell ? The time comes; it loosens itself' and flies into the rose's lap " Wer kaun der Itiupe,die am Zweige kriecht, Von ihrem kiiutegen Futter sprechen? Und wer der Puppe, die am Boden liegt, Die zsrte Schale helfen durchzubrechen? Es kommt die Zeit: sie driingt sich selber los. Und eilt auf Fittigen der Ruse in den Schoos." It is perilous for Europe to become Republican while Russia is Cossack ; but we are glad to say that in Russia herself the Republican doctrine has its adhe rents, and among the announcements of new works considerable interest is excited by the Development des Idees Revolutionnaires en Russie, par, A, Leander. —Leader. LICENSED VICTUALLERS' SCHOOL —A most in teresting event took place in respect to this valuable institu tion yesterday. Forty-two children—twenty four boys and eighteen girls —were admitted into the school in Kennington - lane, without being obliged to undergo the ordeal of an election. The committee of the school determined on this arrangement to give eclat to the year 1851. This pleasing circumstance, which is, we believe, without a parallel as re gards any similar institution in the country, brought to gether a large number of the friends of the school, who wit nessed the inauguration of the candidates with feelings of intense satisfaction. Mr. Findley, the governor, and the committee of the school, received the children into the in,ti- tution, and great gratification pervaded all present upon the occasion. With this addition to the children at present on the foundation, the number receiving the benefits of a sound secular and moral education is now 150. FATHER GAVAZZI IN EDINBURGH. —This cele brated Italian orator made his third appearance in Edinburgh on Thursday night, when the Music Hall was crowded in every part by an enthusiastic audience. The subject of the Padre's oration was announced to be " Italy and the Papacy." Gavazzi was loudly applauded on making his appearance on the platform, to which he was accompanied ssor Fraser, Newliston, the Rev. Dr. Cunningharne , pr b o y te Mr. Nog of d Dr. Schmitz, of the High School, Rev. Mr. Gregory,iotr of he Bailie au Pyle, Councillors Hill and Boyd, Mr. Hunter, Court of Session, Mr. James Simpson, advocate , Mr . W . 1 other Smith, Mr. G. Wood, Signor NLolini, and several other the gentlemen. Mr. Hog of Newliston, in the absence.s Lord Provost, was ca lled to the chair. Mr. James Greig an nounced the subject of lecture, and stated that that morning a Societ y o f t h e Fr i ends of I taly h a d b een f orme d in Edin burgh in connexion with the London Society, that this was the inauguration of the new society, and that Father Gavazzi had come forward in the most handsome manner both to dedicate the proceeds of thatlecture to the funds and to en deavour to excite an interest in its behalf. Father Gavazzi then proceeded with his address in Italian, and afterwards Mr. Greig read a brief outline of it in English. We had a report of the oration prepared, but we are forced to omit it from. want of room. At the close a vote of thanks was cor dially given to Father Gavazzi for his eloquent and interest- Eci l ib l a c: tng address; and after a similar compliment had been paid 1.1 Advertiser. msl T s t o the Chairman and to Mr. Greig, the meeting separated.— ADULTERATIONS.—The Lance t having treeted its attention to the adulteration practised believed, for enougb, in milk, the result of the examination of twenty-six samples deficient in is, though bad not so bad as generally reported and twelve were found to be genuine, two were but in every the proportions of ease cream,d eleven were found to be adulterated, one-half of the article , theh. adulteration consisted in water only, h varied from 10 to 50 per cent. or whiting, size, gum, she e e , but in no instance was chalk or generally supposed to saps' brains, or any of the substances detected. The names of used in the adulteralion of milk, known parties guilty of adulterating their milk are made litt g l may guard themselves again by which means the public 8 in the_ imposition, but it may be mentioned that these " West-end" milkmen. inexpensive means are s imp a ie P a le n s , were obtained only of pointed out by which, with a ascertain for themselves whether e trouble, persons may genuine • article or not es It was a- they .are supplied with a ascertained in the course of these investigations that the milk of the afternoon is much superior to that of the morning. FATAL ACCIDENTS ON THE R IVER.. Ye t d y afternoon, about four oclock, a small sailing boat in s e a r w hich were two persons, got foul of a mooring_ e h ain ' ( I_ • . hithe Dock, and almost instantly capsized, and ho h.itother were immersed. The accident was observed from ttheparties and boats put off, and they fortunately succeeded hi shore, Mr. Heritage, of Union-street, Southwark. The other saving a Mr. White, of Manchester, on a visit to Mr. Herita preersoans, drowned, and his body was not recovered. A man named John Saunders, of Burgess-street, Westminster, tell from off the Favourite, barge, at Limehouse ; he was curried away by the current with such rapidity, that before assistance could reach him he sank, and was drowned. HAMBURGH, OCT. 4.—PRlcss OF FUNDs.-....11am. lf per Cents., 89% bills, 893 burgh Three-and-a-Ha 4 money; 101 Lubeck Loan, 1850, 101 bills, money; . Hanoverian Five 104'4) money; Prussian Four -and per Cents., 104% bills, English Loan, 107 a- Half per Cents., 103 bills; Russian oan, bills; Four per Cents., Steiglitz, 89 money; Danish Th ree per . ditto, money ; Cents., 74 bills; ditto in lOU' . shares, 100 Sardinian Five per Cents., 79 bills ; Five per Cents., 98 bills; . 953/ money; Norwegi an Four Four per Cents., 97 bills. Spanish Five per Cents., 13 el l Four per Cents., 99 1 / 2 bills; SD • an Cents., 33 3t1 .bills , 331 i bills, 13% money; ditto, Three per lcBi 1 2 blls, 108% money; money; American Six per Cents., e Railways—Ham- Maryland Five per Cents., 854 bids.lo6 bills; Ber. burgh-Bergsdorf, 93 1 4 bills; ditto Priority,. Priority, 1021 1 ditto ee lin-Hamburgh, lOU bills, 99 1 e money ; 3 bills; ditto Priority, bills; Magdeburgh-Wittenburgh, 654 Minden, 107 bills; Five per Cents., 103 money; Cologne h, 30 1 / 2 bills; ditto Priority, 102 1 / 2 money ; Mecklenburg 102 bills; Al ditto Priority, Four-and-a• Half per Cents., 136 money; tona-Kiel, leB , a, bills, 108 money • Rendsburgb, 49 Frederick-William, Northern, 35 bills ; ' Copenhagen, bills. —Borsenhalle, Oct. 4. THE SILK T RADE . —M ONDAY , O CT . 6 —The broad fancy silk trade at Leigh, Failswortb, Middleton, Manches ter, and vicinities, still continues in a precarious state; yet there have been rather better prospects within the last tew days. At several places during the last week winders, dyers, and wareers had more work than for several weeks past. Satin stripe mixed goods were in moderate request; the finest sorts of brocades, and new sorts of figured work, are more inquired after. On Friday and Saturday several large silk manufacturers delivered rather more work out to their weavers; but thi s i s b y no means general, and the weavers of plain goods, on an average, have not more than four days' work per week. Several large firms, however, are preparing goods for spring orders, and hopes are entertained that, after the Exhibition has been closed, the silk trade will again re vive. The raw material is very high at present. HOP INTELLIGENCE.— CRANDROOK.—There was a numerous attendance at our fair on Monday, and we are in firmed that some good samples of Weald of Kent Imps roe- Itsed 61. 16s. to 71. per cwt. ; b ut in the aggregate not much business was transacted, the b uyers seeming .d t g determine o make their purchases through the agency of factors—a course, perhaps, which is after all the best, the more espe cially SO when the factor is prudent enough to confine him self to the strict letter of his calling, and not step in as a merchant. We noticed a good supply of heavy colts, and some of them c h ange d h an d s . There was but very little stock of any description, and corn ruled very dull, and, to lISJ A farmer's phras-, unrerauneratiye, -- /ttaidstorte Journ al, _ - - The long talked-of sale of the aviary and menagerie at Knowsley was commenced on Monday morning by Mr. Stevens, the auctioneer, of ling-street, Covent garden. Among the gentlemen who attended were M. Preveaux, secretary of the Jardins des Plantes at Paris, Mr. Verchman, frotn the public gardens, Am sterdam, Mr. B.,3chman, from the gardens at Antwerp, Lord Hill, Mr. Brenston, of Wombwell's, Mr. Jamrae, a dealer from London, &c. The collec tion is universally admitted to be the`most extensive and valuable in the possession of a private individual throughout Europe. It was the result of the research of the whole life of the late Earl of Derby, and was not acquired and maintained without enormous cost, the annual expenditure of his Lordship in this way being estimated at upwards of 10,0001. The collection con tained specimens of birds and beasts ; for although it went under the appellation of an aviary it comprised several huralred specimens of mom malia, under the different classes of deer, antelopes, cattle, goats, sheep, llamas, kanga• • roos, zebras, rodents, lemurs, armadillos, and dogs. The feathered portion of the collection was divided into more numerous classes. Yes terday was devoted to the sale of the first class of mannalia—the deer—which contained 5G lots. At 12 PEADINGS FOR THE RAH, ESSAYS FROM THE " TIMES." Reprinted by Permission. THE "FO ItTY-FIVE." By lord Alahon. TFIE CHASE. By lvinarotl. John Murray. Encouraged by the brilliant success attendant upon many recent adventures in the way of supplying the masses with ch-ap and standard literature, Mr Murray has commenced the issue of a new series, destined, we are satisfied, to occupy a very distinguished position among this remarkable class of periodicals. This cir cumstance is perhaps not the less deserving of public consideration when it is coupled with the appearance of another admirable list of works of a similar charac ter, given to the world almost simultaneously by the eminent house of the Messrs. Longman. When it is observed that efforts of this popular description are being made by those who were aptly described on the Ist of July, by Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, as the " Medici of Publishers," it must be allowed that the aspirant for national education have ample reason to exult in.the prospects of a rapid spread of know ledge throughout_ the population. Formerly this. endeavour to supply the multitude with valuable books at a reasonable price was rektricted to a very small number of adventurous and intelligent men ; but the merits of their undertakings have for tunately of late years sxcited a generous emulation among their contemporaries. The Lengmans are bringing out the Travellers' Library, as the Cham bers broUght out their Information for the People; and Murray is now issuing from the press successive portions of Readings for the Rail just as, of old, Knight printed from week to week instalments of the Penny Magazine. Elsewhere in the publishing world a like emulation is being manifested, but at present our remarks must be confined to the example of the enterprise now lying before us for consideration. In the first of the three volumes above mentioned we re cognise, we feel assured, the opening of a new epoch in the progress of periodical literature. It will be perceived that the book comprises alto gether eleven essays, very judiciously selected from literary criticisms which have appeared in the columns of our morning contemporary. By thus grouping these papers together, and reproduc ing them in the form of a separate work, apart from the more ephemeral materials of a news paper, the writer has rescued them from the gradually increasing obscurity in which they must necessarily have been ultimately involved. Many of the reading public will be rejoiced we doubt not at the fact of this re-issue—more especially when it is remembered that the articles in question relate to subjects entitled to secure to themselves a large amount of popularity. It is scarcely requisite, we believe, to say more to the majority in regard to these subjects than that they will, most of them, be at once recog nised. For example, one essay relates to the fortune, or rather, perhaps, we might more correctly say, the misfortune, which has associated together the names of " Lord Nelson and Lady Hamilton." Another ar ticle is a well , known argument in reference to " Rail way Novels;" and a third has allusion to the calamities attendant on " Louis Philippe and his Family." As, so to speak, supplementary curiosities of literature, we find also among the essays here' collected together, those relating to the genius of " John Keats," and the intellectual industry of "Robert Southey." Auto biographical works will be found recriticised in the essays on " Cottle's Reminiscences," and on " Lord Holland's ReminisCences." Historical chapters will be discovered in the articles relating respectively to " Grote's History of Greece," and to the " Drama of the French Revolution ;" while estimates of two very extraordinary persons will be perceived in other por tions of the volume, those persons being men no less dissimilar than " Dean Swift " and " Howard, the Philanthropist." Perhaps the most masterly essay in the whole collection is that relating to the memorable loves of Stella and Vanessa. We consider, we repeat, the issue of the book containing these remarkable papers as inaugurative of a new era in periodical literature. For inasmuch as Mr. Murray has had the courage to adventure upon what many might have presumed to be a hazardous experi ment, but what is already proving to be a brilliant triumph in republication, he is entitled to the ap plause of the press, and we cannot but think, also, in a very great measure to the gratitude of the general community. It is satisfactory, of course, to witness the re-issue of such a production as the narrative of the insurrection of 1745, extracted from Lord Mahon's " History of England." Equally gratifying again, in its way, is the announcement of the reappearance, in an accessible shape, of the celebrated " Chase by Nimrod," one of the most delightful and graphic among all the exhilarating effusions of Mr. Apperley. Yet, notwithstanding the value of these very inte resting specimens of Readings for the Rail, we regard the collection of "Essays from the Times" as a work altogether too remarkable of its kind not to eclipse the popularity which might otherwise have beet more directly lavished upon its companion re publications. Speaking modestly, but emphati. tally, upon the peculiar circumstances mark ing the reprint of those papers from our con temporary, the publisher observei in a notice prefixed to the volume :—" It has long been a subject or gene ral regret that literary productions of the highest order, and referring to matters of lasting interest, should be doomed, through the peculiar medium of their publi cation, to an ephemeral existence; and the acknow ledged frequency with which such compositions have been extracted from the paper for preservation in the reader's common-place book, affords the, best possible proof of a wide-spread desire to possess the interesting and instructive records which it is the object of the present volumes to perpetuate." The accuracy of these eulogistic words is sufficiently evidenced by the papers comprised in the very book referred to, and the truth fulness of the remarks of Mr. Murray are in conse quence thereby most decidedly and satisfactorily vin dicated. Whoever is interested in the diffusion of really wholesome knowledge among the masses, in the development of the system of journalism, and in the cultivation of a pure literary taste by the multitude, will exult with ourselves in the appearance of a work like the one here particularised, a work which must ultimately and very materially tend to secure the ad vancement of periodical literature. COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, MONDAY. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert attended divine service yesterday in th© parish church of Crathie. The service was performed by the Rev. A. Anderson. The Viscountess Canning, the Hon. Beatrice Byng, Earl Grey, and the Gentlemen of the Household were in attendance. A meeting of the Finance Committee of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 was held yesterday at the Exhibition Building. There were present, Earl Granville (Chairman), Mr. Baring, M.P ,'Mr. Cubitt, Colonel Reid, and Mr. Bowring (Secretary). Mr. Cole, Mr. Dilke, and Mr. Carpenter, were also present. The Oxford ,University Commission had a meeting yesterday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present—The Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Rev. H. G. Liddell, J. L. Dampier, Esq., the Rev. Profes sor Powell, the Rev. G. H. S. Johnson, and the Rev. A. P. Stanley (secretary). The Marquis of Lansdowne has arrived at the Grove, the seat of the Earl of Clarendon. Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial Office from the Governor of Canada. HER MAJESTY'S PROGRESS. Her Majesty arrived in Edinburgh from Balmoral yesterday (Tuesday) evening, at eight o'clock. When the royal train was within about thirteen miles of Edinburgh one of the pipes of the boiler of the engine burst, which detained the train about an hour. The accident was not such as to create the slightest alarm to her Majesty. A fresh engine was sent from Edinburgh to bring the train in. Her Majesty was most enthusiastically received by the inhabitants of Edinburgh in her progress to Holyrood Palace, from which she will start for the south this ( Wednesday) morning, at half-past 8 o'clock HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.--It is announced that this theatre will close on Saturday with the Exhibition. The four last performances are to be Fidelio (this evening), Bar- Liere (to - morrow), Sonnambuia (Friday), and Norma (Sa turday), Mademoiselle Cruvelli supporting the principal character in each. Mr. Lumley is making active prepara tions for his winter campaign at the Bouffes, in Paris. He will open on the 14th of next month with Lucrezia Borgia, on which occasion Madame Barbieri Nini will make her debut before a French public. Madame Barbieri Nini has arrived in Paris. Mademoiselle Cruvelli leaves Loudon for Paris on Monday morning, so that the theatre must positively close on Saturday. THE ORN ITHORWYNEUS.—Among the wonders in the Crystal Palace, there is a very fine specimen of that rare and remarkable animal the ornithorbyneus, or duck billed platypus. the creature is a native of Australia, amphibious, and is regarded by naturalists as the connecting link between the furred and the feathered tribes • it has the body of the quadruped with t h e h ead or b ea k Of the duck! It is, notwithstanding this marvellous incongruity, a very pr€tty looking animal. When first brought to this country it was looked upon as a cheat, made up to impose on the learned in zoology. Dr. Shaw doubted the evidence of his own eyes, till a .scientific dissection put the question of its reality beyond a doubt. It is exhibited by Mr. G. Ellis, of Fore-street. - The sale of Milton House and the extensive domain appertaining to the property, four miles only from Bedford, is announced in our columns to take place positively on Thursday, October 16. It is rarely an estate is in the market offering so many attractions both for residence and investment, and no doubt much competition will be excited. EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE ELECTION.—The election of a Member for the East Riding of Yorkshire, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Broadley, took place yesterday, when the Hon. Captain ,buncombe was re• turned without opposition. WIEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER B, 1851. Bread—Pilot is scarce, but crackers are plentiful and inactive. We quote the former at 18s. and the latter ut 206. per barrel. Mackerel—Nothing over 245. can be got for 1)...5t No. 3. Herrings are worth 14s. to 18s., according to qulitity. The late parcels were of inferior quality. Luinb.i.r—White pine is in improved icquiry. A cargo to arrive is held for 85g., daliverabhi at an cu!port; but there are several lois on hand, the remainder of previous importations, which are being retailed at SW. to 100 s., according to quality. Good cedar shingles are worth 225. per 1,000. Beet—American" Family" is taken at 465. to 48s. per• half-barrel. Tongues—We quote pig's at 505., and ox at 48s. per half-barrel, and proportionately for parts. A lot of Irish ox tongues has been placed at 12s. Fr k g of six tongues. Brandy may be readily obiained at 53. to ss. 6d. per gallon, short 'nice. The stock is very heavy. Geneva changes hands at 6s. 6d. per ease, in bond. The market is very considerably overstocked. Corn—We quote American at 7s. 6J. p,r ta, - ; of two bushels. There is not any Co!umbian at maik,r. Ram is inactive at 3s. to 31. ad. per gallor, proof, for home consumption, or Is. 3d. for exportLvion. Su ' , Yar--Wo magi) our quotations at 14s. to 17s. rec. 10illb. for kto goad miadling. Fair tAir,r6 ate verj bt3kiree. Logaood is in small inquiry at 363. to 38 t. per ton. Coffec-32i. per 1001 h. would be rt aiily pail for good ordinary, but; there is not any en offer. Pimento—The new crop is being taken off. but only small parcels have as yet found their vay to market. There are buyers at 3d. to 341. per lb. Ginger—No recent operations have tra'spircd. Gold—Columbian doubloons are worth 2 to 21 per cent., and American gold 1 per cent. premium. Malt—Bottled is wanted. It may be quoted at 7s. 9J. per dozen. Bulk is plentiful and dull at 753. per hogs head. Salt—Liverpool stoved is inactive. About 400 sacks have changed hands at 43. Tobacco—The stock of all descriptions i 3 heavy. Leaf has been sold at 60s. per 100 lb , and Cavendish at 10d. per lb. P..—The schooner Ocean Queen, from Halifax, came in after the foregoing was in type. Her cargo consists of about 10 hhds., 100 tierces, and 200 boxes codfish, a few barrels mackerel and herrings, and 30 barrels sal mon. The last named may be considered a full supply for at least five or six weeks. EXCHANGES ON LONDON. Colonial Bank ... 90 days, per cent. prem. if ... 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. Si 30 days, lf per cent. prem. Jamaica Bank ... 90 days, per cent. prem. ... 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. 4, ... 30 days, 1I per cent. prem. Merchants' Bills ... 90 days, par. ON NEW YORK. Merchants' Bills, 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. THE JUDGE OF THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT AND MR. WHITTY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin,—As a friend to Wee and impartial inquiry, you will probably deem the remarks of this letter not the less deserving of insertion in your columns, though opposed to the present current of public opinion. That the steps taken by Mr. Ramshay have been of an extreme character, and that his language and conduct have been injudicious, can scarcely be dis puted. But the questions still remain—ls Mr. Whitty deserving of all the public sympathy that he has received ? Is it conducive to the high character for gentlemanlike conduct of the leading members of the English press, to make common cause with him, and to hold him up as a blameless martyr ? This question may best be answered by the solution of another, viz., Are respectable English journals (whe ther in London or elsewhere) in the habit of doing what he did when he caused the name of Mr. Ram shay to be placarded on the walls of the town of Liverpool, within a short distance of his court ? In vindication of Mr. Whitty it has been said, this placard was perfectly innocent merely announced that his paper contained " Mr. Ramabay's opinion of the people of Liverpool ;" and that opinion, it is further urged, might have been quite complimentary. Further, it has been suggested that in all this the Liverpool journalist did no more towards Mr. Ram shay than the Times or the Examiner have done towards Justice Talfourd or Baron Martin, viz., com ment freely on his decisions. Now, with all due deference to those who adopt such views, I may be allowed to observe that, in my humble judgment, nothing but the excitement of the present time time can account for the reception by sensible and intelligent writers of sophistries so pal pable as these views involve. What manner of analogy is there between a comment on the opinions of judges confined to the columns of a public journal and placarding their names in the public streets, in an invidious and insulting manner, within a stone's throw from the tribunal where they have to decide between man and man ?To say that this hand-bill in ques tion might have implied that the judge had compli mented the people of the town is a very indifferent defence—considering that the reverse was in truth the fact, and considering also the mutual irritation and hostile feelings that had long existed. The true and fair parallel would occur were the Times, the Examiner, or The Sun to send forth a host of bill. stickers to cover the walls of Sergeant's Inn, the Temple, and Parliament -street, in term time, with placards announcing the intended publication "in their next journal of Mr. Justice Talfourd's or Mr. Baron Martin's opinion on criminal law, or of Mr. Baron Platt's opinion on high sheriffs, &c." I quite concur in all that has appeared from the press, to the effect that M r . R ams h a y wou ld h ave acted more judiciously had he borne his late success with dignified silence and forbearance, acid treated in sults of this kind with passive contempt. But is the conduct of those who take advantage of his irritability (whether constitutional or from ill-health) to be passed over without the censure it merits ? Nay, more, are they to be made objects of public sympathy and applause ? - No one can feel more deeply than the writer of this letter the importance of maintaining the freedom and influence of the public press; but the conductors of the press will best advance this great object by strict im partiality—by employing reproof, and not sympathy, towards a member of the body of journalists who has pursued a questionable course of conduct. I have no intimacy or communication with Mr. Ramshay, and I think it unfortunate that the state of feeling towards him should be what it is, and Mr. Whitty I believe to be, personally, a respectable man. The foregoing remarks have been suggested to me solely by a view of the facts formed at a distance, and on their merits.—l am Sir, &c., Oct. 4, 1851. JURISC . ONSULTUS. THE CHEAP LOAF. TO THE EDTOR OF TEE SUN. S I R,—I am one of those stupid persons who cannot comprehend how producers of food and other neces saries of life, more especially the producers of bread, are benefited by "a cheap loaf." By a cheap loaf I mean a 41b. wheaten loaf, which exchanges for, or is purchased by 2} grains of gold, expressed in our cur rency fivepence. We are instructed by political economists that the value of a commodity depends upon the labour be stowed upon it to prepare it for the use of the pur chaser; to labour we are directed to look for a measure of value. This admitted; and if we admit, also, the loaf is become fifty per cent, cheaper by recent legislati on , it follows from the pr ecept o f t h e economists th a t the producer of loaves should pro duce three loaves with the same amount of labour with which he heretofore produced two. Now it is my misfortune to hnow that such is not the fact. In my rural walks I have conversed with many practical farmers and hard-working labourers, and I am convinced from the iatormation so obtained that the loaf to them is no cheaper than it was, in re lation to the professed measure of value of the economists. I am too old to be won by, or amused even, by frothy speeches ; I am pleased only by words, whether they be uttered by Peer or plebeian, that express truths. Knowing as I do, that the husbandman doe labour as hard as ever to prcduce a loaf, I am de sirous to learn whether there is any new system cf handicraft discovered by which the loaf can be pro duced by fifty per cent. less labour than it was some ten years since. Taking a common sense view of the matter, I am not, however, without hope that the day of retribu tion for the hard-toiling producers is at hand—retri bution which will induce so complete a reformation of our icornmercial policy, and adjustment of our ,monetary system, that they, at any rate, will be justly requited. The economists tell us labour is the measure of value ; their precept is at variance with their practice for our monetary system is, in defiance of their asser tion, based not upon labour, but upon gold. When, and I most fervently hope the day is not distant, we shall have imports of gold reckoned by the hundred weight instead of by the ounce,` ; the industrious sec tions of the community will be released from the clutches of those who are now by law permitted to exact three measures of the products of their toil in stead of two only to which the legalised extortioner is entitled. The bullionists will not merely be better informed, but will be compelled to honest conduct. They will not, in all pr o b a bili ty, b e over delighted with the celebrated definition of a pound When they find that the pound of 5 dwts. 3grs. weight of gold will exchange only for a bushel, possibly a gallon, of wheat instead of a sack; the bullionists will. then be ready enough to accede to a just compromise ; but until then we must apparently endure, as we best can, the strife and distraction now- unhappily pervading our social system. Your obtdiont and obliged servant, Oct. 7, 1851. J. GLUT OF SILV ER AT THE EXlllBlTloN.—Yesterday it was found necess,ify to have two cabs to convey to Threadneedle -street the accumulation of the previous day, and the weight of specie amounted to no less than lb cwt. latter. We might say the same of sovereigns, and 'tile where has been the difference between the elder Bourbon, the Orleans ditto, and the lesser Bonaparte? Are they not all one and the same, except, perhaps, that some one pri nce may have had' a little more fa tuity, and another somewhat more cunning ? But all run the same career, to reach the same end—viz., the unpopularity and universal contempt under which king and dynasty sink, to rise no more. Is it not clear as the noon-day that Louis Napoleon is going the way of all French princes, and by precisely the same road which they all took ? And we see the c on. sequence. At this moment the political class, acme who have influence and hope for place—these people are in the fiercest agitation and commotion, some scan for the Bonapartist, some dozen for the Orleanist,..nd as muny for the Legitimatist. But look away from some hundreds of these professional politicians to the country at large, and there will he found a val.. versal indtff;:rence and contempt for every one of the candidateF, not one of whom either inspires hop e or commands respect. Yet all hope to be elecLad • nay, to convert the elective chair into an letedit try throne. They btnithn g a pEdestrl of hatred and contempt ; they ore ars.:xion , , to get up co In this pe destel, and they hope to support teeouselves en MICII a basis. Verily, kingship is the most unproraiing of o__owe_ the most fatuit utte pprocessions,l : men. But what is the cause of princes being such puppets, and of liberel statesmen proving the contrary of what they themselves promised and nll their friends tx peottd The reason lies in the terrible and vast cen tralization of French government, in the number, power, hierarchy and traditioual spirit of that bureau erotic, which, wherever it reaches firm eatablishtuent„ soon absorbs everything else, prince, ministers, States men, and even public opinion itself. This immense ma chine is the only mode lay which a minister can govern. Yet all he can do is to set it in motion, and be satisfied with what it produces; for regulate or stop its move ments he cannot. A home minister may be shocked by those freaks of power which his subordinates cotne mit, such as the breaking in upon convivial meetings in the provinces, threatening deputies with arrest for opening their mouths, or issuing an ukase that libel rals shall not be supplied at any hotel with dinner. The prosecution and condemnation of young Hugo for denouncing the punishment of death as cruel, whilst such men as Thiers and Changarnier talk and do treason aloud every hour in the day, may shock the sense and good feeling of a minister of justice. But what can he do ? The home minister can no more restrain his me rmidons of police and prefecture than the justice minister can check his procureurs and subetituts. And it is the same in foreign policy. A. French agent at Athens or Alexandria will get into rivalry, and quarrel with his English colleague for some trifle or another, and the Minister at home can do nothing but sanction and abet. In fact, it is a bureaucratie that governs France, that has governed, and will govern it, under Louis Napoleon, under Louie-Philippe, aye, and under Cavaignao himself, all-republican as he is, but infeodated as he is to the party of order. The Fren c h b ureaucratie is of course monarchic, which is very ungrateful of it, for it enjoys greater power, and exercises gr ea t er tyranny at present than it did in the days of any monarch. But then it fears that the golden reign may not last. An official aristocracy cannot well stand based on universal suffrage, and yet universal suffrage has rendered the French bureaucratie more powerful and numerous in the republican Assembly than ever it was before. But, as they say, this is not solid ; and they would sacrifice the freedom and the SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM TIIE MORNING PAPERS OF TIIIS DAY. TIMES —The lamentable exhibition made last week by Mr. Ramshay, Judge of the County Court of Liverpool, imperativ ly calls for itoiriediate action on the part of Lord Carlisle, es well for the sake of the unfortunate gentleman himself as of the public. We are not now about to reason with Mr. Ramshay as to the extent of his power, or as to the peculiar merits of the case which he dragged before his court. Such a mode of dealing with the matter would prove us to have misconceived the mischief with which the Chancellor of the Duchy has to deal. The removal— the immediate removal—of the learned person is of absolute necessity, not because he has mistaken the law, but because, from the peculiar state of his mind— from the condition of morbid excitement in which he now is—he appears utterly incapable of fulfilling the duties of a judge. Unfortunately the late proceedings which have occurred with respect to himself seem to have taken so forcible a hold of his imagination as to have entirely overturned his judgment. The ides that ha has been made the subject of a conspiracy, and that ha is in duty bound to undert.lle the sneci of mission of &fendi ng the administrzti•,:a or - justice from the machinations of interested opponents, has reached with him that degree of in ter,sity which constitutes monomania, and hit whole conduct is affected by this prepossession. His mental state is no longer that which is cern mealy described by the terms " bad temper," her does the word " anger " a ccuramy depict it. One notion has taken possession of his brain ; an unfortu nete train of events operating upon a mind already lowered by illness has exaggerated this notion into a portentous magnitude ; all other considerations seem to him utterly worthless and insignificant when com pared with this monster of his imagination ; and he proceeded to deal with the every -day circumstances of life as if they were really exponents of the things which existed only in his own distorted conceptions. Don Quixote and the windmill is an exact foresha dowing of what occurred the other day at Liverpool. A County Court Judge ought certainly to be deemed a very respectable person ; his functions are impor tant, and the qualifications for his office are such as ought to belong to a man of a learned profession and a gentleman, but there is nothing to mark such a man out for persecution. There is nothing in the duties of his office or his relative position in society to make it the interest of any powerful class to select him as the victim of a conspiracy. Mr. Ramshay unhappily thought otherwise. He went to Liverpool fully persuaded that his predecessor had been destroyed by persecu tion, and he was resolved not like him to succumb or yield to any such attacks. He had conjured up for himself a band of moral assassins, whose every object was to destroy an unright judge; and he fancied that wonderful courage and ever -watchful vigilance were required to resist their baneful machinations. His manners were from the first not those of a man of the world, but were abrupt, rude, and coarse. He was easily excited to anger, and being so excited, he ex pressed himself in the first and least polished phrases which the vernacular afforded. This peculiarity laid him open to attack—in fact, invited it; and any one who knew aught of the habits of Englishifien could quickly have foretold that Mr. Ramshay would soon lay himself open to imputation and assault. If a man hesitated, he called him a fool ; if he gave an unin telligible answer, he asserted, without further inquiry, that he was drunk. If Mr. Ramshay wished to state that the Court entertained grave suspicions of a particular person's honesty, he at once stated that he was " a rogue," "a rascal ;" and thus he went on from day to day exciting himself as well as those he thus abused, till at length the storm which every man of common foresight must have known would come burst over the angry judge, who was in consequence cited to appear before his superiors. To what took place be fore the tribunal, if tribunal it can be called, before which Mr. Ramshay appeared, we need not now re fer • enough was disclosed t o s h ow th a t M r . R ams h ay ought never to have been appointed. There was not, however, sufficient elicited to justify dismissal. The position of Lord Carlisle was a difficult one, but that difficulty was brought upon him by his own too easy disposition, combined with a failing that belongs to his party as well as himself, he and they being always anxious to support - and forward all those who are related to their families, or connected with them as clients and retainers. While the mischievous effects of such a feeling are found resulting only from appointments to inferior positions in the public service, people shut their eyes, or indulge in a little useless grumbling, their displeasure for the most part evaporating in the expression. They treat the proceedings as a foolish weakness, being unwilling to look upon it as a serious evil. But when the same spirit of family patronage affects the selection of men for high judicial office—when such extraordinary vagaries are practised as those of which we have lately been wondering beholders, then the public in dignation is fairly roused, and punishment —we use the word advisedly. —must fall, not on the unhappy person chosen, but upon his erring patron. Tte person really to blame in this matter is, not Mr. Ramshay, but Lord Carlisle. Lord Carlisle was bound to be particularly careful in this case. A great expe riment was being tried in our judicial system. The success of the new arrangements necessarily depended upon the fitness of the judges appointed to administer justice in the newly-framed County Courts, and a failure in any one instance would be likely to excite doubts, and check our advance in our lately adopted career of legal reform. We know, indeed, that the Administration of which Lord Carlisle forms a part are not, and have not even affected to be, law re formers. But we suppose that, with some exceptions, they are not opposed to improvement in our judicial system, and we cannot suspect any one of them of a desire to throw discredit upon the new plan by means of an incompetent judge, and among the last of those to whom we should attribute such an unworthy mo tive is the Noble Lord himself. His intentions, we have no boubt, were pure, but he certainly was care less; he thought little of the importance of the se lection he was bound by his office to make, and under the influence of this want of consideration, and a wish to forward the son of an old client of his family, he risked, with his eyes open, the mischief that was sure to follow an injudicious appointment. By inquiry, if inquiry had been needed, Lord Carlisle might have ascertained the habits and the character of the learned gentleman, and he would have at once dis covered therefrom that however estimable in other re spects Mr. Ramshay might be, ho was totally unfit for the office of a judge. This want of precaution on the part of Lord Carlisle, and his unfortunate selec tion, resulting from the mixed motives we have de scribed, deserve, and doubtless will receive, severe re prehension. Still, even from this most painful occur rence we may derive a salutary lesson. We are by it driven to ask, why is the duty of appionting a judge left to the discretion of the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ? The office is one now purely poli tical; it is held by persons of importance to an Ad ministration merely, and is not conferred with any reference to legal knowledge or peculiar ability. Lord Carlisle is an important person in the Whig party, endowed with many amiable qualities, but he knows nothing of law, and must judge of legal attainments and of a man's aptitude for the performance of judicial duties upon hearsay, and by the opinions of others. We have thus one man responsible, and possessing the power of appointment, and we have another really deciding and selecting, who, though the actu ally efficient person in the proceeding, is unknown and irresponsible. Such a system ought to be altered. One person, and one alone, ought to have the appoint ment of the judges of the county courts, and that person should be the Lord Chancellor. He is, or ought to be, a lawyer; be has passed his life in the prac tice of his profession ; he must, in some degree, be acquainted with the characters and capacities o f most men practising at the bar; and he is thus from his position able to make the right choice, and responsible if he make an improper one. We hope, then, that hereafter this mischievous anomaly with respect to this important subject—this idle and f oo li s h privilege now belonging to the Chancellor of the Duchy o f Lancaster—will be immediately done away with, and that the power and duty of selection throughout the kingdom will at ouce be imposed on the Lord Chan cellor, who we also hope will not, like Lord Carlisle in the case of Mr. Ramshay, be induced by favour or personal feelings to forego public for private ends, or allow prejudice and partial affections to usurp the place of duty and of reason. DAILY I EWS,---To those who have watched the course of public affairs in France, there is nothing so surprising, and so mortifying to behold, as the simi larity, almost the sameness, indeed, of all Administra tions in that country. Whether the monarch reigns by what is called legitimatist right, whether he seeks to enforce that right with zeal, or render it palateable by conciliation —whether the occupier of the throne be a king elected by the choice of politicians and the sanction of the people, or whether in fine the Govern ment be a republic based on universal suffrage, and proclaiming universal rights—it all comes to the same point; th e Ad m i n i s t ra ti on i s f oun d procee di n g t i . n nof the self-same path. Fear of the people, persecution the press, the grossest infraction of individual liberty and of every law guaranteeing it, proscription to place rights and practice of association, endeavour of the the mind of the French youth i in the keeping of the Jesuits, and the mind of French manlioodtuhne Attor ney-General dread of the gaoler, the police officer, and —these are the characteristics of every Administration that France has seen duri ng h alf a century. No matter how liberal the st a t esmen who take office—no matter how absolutist, the p r i nc i p l e of administration becomes the same. You may execrate Polignac and Peyronnet, you m ay re j o i ce at the accession to power of men so liberal and so honest as Barrot and Faucher, yet you find the former eager to bolster up the Pope's despotism by the bayonets of French soldiers, and you find a severe persecution of the press mark the Government of the greatness of France to-morrow to any king of any race, or of any principle, that would secure them this monopoly. It is the same thing in Prussia, ex cept that the Prussian bureaucratic will not tolerate even constitutionalism, which it considers hostile to it; whereas French officials would at least have the form of representative go. vernment, although with so little of either the reality or the advantages, that but for the appearance of the thing they might invoke absolutism at once. The struggle in France and in Prussia is now much the same. It lies between the bureau cracies and the people, the former supported by the army, of which the officers form a class and hierarchy of placemen, with interests similar to the civilian servants of the state. The people of both countries have the satisfaction of seeing that they pay largely to support these classes for tyrannising over them. An aristocracy weighs over both countries, not an aristo cracy of either birth, wealth, or talent, but an aris tocracy of placemen. It is the system of centraliz tion which supports them. And it is for the people to devise how they can get rid of these incubi, and go. vern themselves constitutionally and monarchically if they will, but without an official multitude to prey upon them and tyrannise over them. This is far more important than to decide whether a Legitimatist, a quasi-Legithnatist, or a Republican chief shall be the head man—the great chef de bureau of the bureau cracy. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. The broad pendant of Cotnrnodore Seymour was struck at sunset on Monday evening, on board the S. George, 180, in Elornoozv; and the commodore pro ceeded on nix day s' leaved absence, in order to brit 3 , down his family. The duty of the dockyard will Kt performed by Mr.Milis, master attendant, and that of the ordinary by Captain Joseph Niae, CompaLion of the Bith. A superannuation board sat at Devonpor,t rri MJuday, at the Commodore Superintendent's-offico, in the dockyard, Devonport, consisting of Commodore M. Seymour, Captain Nies, of the' St. George; the master-attendant, Mr. Mills ; Mr. Turner, acting. master shipwright; and Mr. Folds, surgeon, what the whole of the men on the list returned from the Admiralty were inspected, with a few others who are considered worn out, and the opinion of the board was to be transmitted to the Admiralty. Dauntless, 33, screw-frigate, Captain Halsted, and Sutlej, remained at St. Helen's, and were not likely to get away yesterday, as it blew a gale with foul weather from the westward. Elfin royal yacht-tender, Master Commander Hol ston, returned to Portsmouth from Osborne yes terday morning. PORTSMOUTH, TUESDAY.—This morning all the officers of this dockyard were personally presented to the new Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Sir 'Thomas Briggs, G.C.M.G., by Rear-Admiral Superintendent Prescott, C. 8., at the Admiralty-house. Each officer received a most cordial and courteous recognition from the Port Admiral. The Odin steam-frigate, Commander Sir William Wiseman, will come into harbour to-morrow, to re sume ,her former position , in the ordinary. The Avon steam-vessel, Master -Commander Veitich, came into harbour this morning from the eastward, on her return to Plymouth. The Furious, new steam-frigate, was taken into the Angle Dock to-day to be coppered. The Rodney, 92, Captain Charles Graham, C.B • is entering hands but slowly, men not being so plen tiful here as was supposed, and none being accepted for this ship but fine ablebodied men. WOOLWICH, OCT. 6.—The Resolute, Captain Ho ratio T. Austin, C. 8., the Assistance, Captain Eras mus Ommanney, and the Intrepid, Lieutenant- Commander John B. Cater, all arrived at Woolwich, between twelve and one o'clock to-day, and the two sailing vessels were brought up at moorings opposite the dockyard, while Mr. Atherton, chief-engineer; went on board the Intrepid screw steam-vessel, and went down the river a short distance in her, to be able to report the state of her engines. The whole of the vessels employed under Captain Austin in the Arctic dExped ext ition are to b e pa i d off at this port on Thurs y n. Captain Ommanney has brought home the first relic that was found by him of the traces of Sir John Franklin's party at Cape Riley. It appears in the form of a rake such as is used by persons employed in collecting seaweed. The handle is about twelve feet long, and the gathering part about two feet six inches long, on which six teeth have been fixed, about five inches in length, formed of narrow hoop iron curved inwards. Captain Ommanney has also brought home a young man, about nineteen years of age, of the Esquimaus tribe, habit the country beyond Cape York, and w B h 4 : 9 6 .3 , r r i :t e ; the place where the North Star wintered in kind of Essquirnaux youth is clothed in hi t s h a e b. same gb t ;_ r. m ith a face e tume as the other sailors, and PPe good tempered and stout for of an Asiatic cast, nearly lik e 08 . 4 of a Chinese, but The .r.squimaux is very very flat and more round. Ommanney, and h as b een Captain York, the gallant officer who namedmnchattached Erasmus y C o a r brought him to this country, and th e name of the cape where be came from. T he charts br oug ht h ome by the respective vesse ls are now nearly completed, and afford evidence of the exertions of the officers in the execution of their arduous duties, and will add many hundreds of miles of hitherto unexplored lands to future maps of the Arctic regions, and many parts only put down in haste by former naviNttors leave been corrected by Captain Ommanney. iathtkst and Cornwallis, both described as islands by former navi geors, have been found connected together, and to the mainland, by Captain Austin's expedition. The efficers and crews of the whole of the vessels have returned in tolerable health, end only one man has died since the expedition left Woolwich in June, 1850. - - PROPERTY IN GREAT 8R1TA1N,....1:110 Committee of tue !louse of Commons, in their report on the law of part nership, which has, with the evidence, just been printed, state that, in round numbers, in thirty-three years since the peace, whilst lands in Great ➢ritain give increased 1818 only 8,500,0001. in annual value, or a little more than 5 per cent., messuages (being chiefly houses and manufac tories and warehouses in and near towns, and inhabited by persons depending greatly on trade and commerce) have augmented above 26,000,000/. in annual value, or about 30 per cent. in the same period. The value of railways, gas works, and other property chiefly held in shares as per sonal property, bad increased about twelvefold in the same period. THE AMERICAN NEWS. By the United States' trail steam. hip Pacific, Captain Nye, we have adviees from New York to the 27th. She brings 120,000/. in specie. During the passage Mr. _Mitchell, of the firm of Denistou❑ and Co., of Liverpool, was lost overboard. A very destructive lire had occurred at Buffalo. Great consternation prevailed in New York, owing to the rumoured instability of the banks; more than half 7 a-dozen had been named as weak. The influence upon the stock-market of the pressure of money was severely felt. Government stocks bad suffered less th,n any other. The Courier and En quirer says - "For several days past the condition of financial mat ters has been growing worse, and, should there be no diminution of the present excitement in regard to private credits, we fear the result will he eisastrous to many houses who are becoming seriously embarrassed in their negotiations for money. Several failures have occurred withi❑ the past week, the ioiluenee of which has not mil) created something of a panic in the discount market, but has extended itself to some of the banks. Mon©y on call has been in request increased rate 3 of interest, and none but the moat desirable securities would bring money upon any terms." The banks that have already failed are the People's Bank and the Commercial Bank. The mallet for foreign exchange to send by the Pacific was rather weak, the scarcity of money limiting purchasers very materially. On London, 1104 to 1101. The sales of cotton for the last three days amounted to 1,900 bales. The market continued dull, some sales being made at a decline, though holders were gene rally firm. The market for iron was firm ; for tobacco there was a fair demand; flour and wheat firm, and the former had advanced. Freights remained depressed. Flour to Liverpoo' Gd. to 7d., to London ls. Gd. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. Arrived at NOW Yolk—The Guy Mannering, Ash burton, Ma% flower, Laconia, Buena Vista, Elizabeth, American Union, R. Parker, and Sarah, from Liver pool ' • London and the Globe, from Lo n don ; Mohong e , from Londonderry ; Clara Ann, from Bristol ; Robina, from Glasgow ; Florence, from Limerick ; Bavaria, Fortitude, and Prince de Jcinville, from Havre ; Caril lon, from Bremen. Arrived at Charleston—The John Calhoun and Annie, from Liverpool. Arrived at Boston—The Ocean Queen, Silas Leonard, Daniel Webster, and Sachen, from Liverpool ; Rival, from London ; America, Glasgow, and Courier, from Cadiz ; Clara and Bride, from Glasgow ; Olive and At lantic, from Clare. • Arrived at Philadelphia—The Berlin, Mary Pleasant and Rhine, from Liverpool ; Mary Dale, from London deny. Arrived at Baltimore—The A. Cheeseborongb, Ed. ward Everett, and Repeater, from Liverpool. Arrived at Alexandria2Tho ,Virgin and Caroline ; from Newport. THE WEST INDIA AND MEXICAN MAIL. SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 7. The Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Clyde, Captain F. E. Moss, with the West India mails, in charge of Lieutenant Percival, R.N., Admiralty agent, arrived this morning at half-past eleven o'cock. During the homeward voyage of the Clyde she experienced moderate weather throughout. The latest dates brought by the Clyde are:— Vera Cruz, Sept. 6 ; Tampico, 4 ; Chagres, 9 ; Car thegenß, 11 • Jamaica, 13 ; Demerara, 11 ; Trinidad, 11 ; Barbadoes, 13 ; Grenada, 12; St. Kitt'., 15 ; Nevis, 15 ; Porto Rico, 17 ; St. Thomas, 18 ; La Guayra, 12 ; Tortola, 16; Antigua, 15; St. Vincent, 12; St. Lucia, 14; Montserrat, l 5; Santa Martha, 9 ; Gray Town, 3. The Clyde brings on freight :-334,887 dolls., on merchants' account ; 41,343 dolls. for the dividends ; 243,693 dolls. gold dust and gold in bars ; 1,125 dolls. platina ; 1001. British coin ; 79 serons cochineal ; two small parcels pearls, value 3,750 dolls. ; 3 tierces of coffee; 31 brls. ditto; 18 brls. ginger; 10 bales of tobacco ; 85 bales Peruvian bark, and 59 packages of sundries. The following is a list of the passengers by this arrival, and from whence : Sir William Colebrook, Miss Colebrook, and Mr. For man, from Barbadoes; Mr. David, Mr. 6ailly, Mr. Du cheane, and Mrs. St. Loskey, from Chagrea; Mr. Robert Lake, from Trinidad; Lady Campbell and companion, Mr. Cloke, and Mr. Cheekley, from St. Vincent; Mr. and Miss Montifirre, Mr. Watson, Mrs. Monett, Mr. Kilkelly, Mr. Webber, Mr. Gibbons, and two Misses Gibbons, from Barbadoes; Mr. Dancy, Mr. du la Motte and boy, and Mr. De Raime, from Martinique; Mr. Gueyton, lady, and chilo, Mr. Lafaye, and Mr. Devilli, from Gusdaloupe; Miss Quelch, from St. Kitt's; Mr. Hauer, from Grenada; Mr. Mirafuentes and Mr. Bahr, from Vera Cruz; Mr. Grant, Lieut. Lovell (16th Rol.), lady, child, and servant, Colonel Hughes (Ist West India Rtgiment), Lieut. Tomkinson, R.A., Captain Smith, lady, and eight children, Mr. Fyfe, and Master Osborne and nurse, from Jamaica; Mr. Casellos and Mr. Habeas, from Porto Rico; and five dock passengers. DEMER,ARA. 1 Our usual files of papers from this place have come to hand, but we find little worth extracting. The propositions which had been brought forward by Governor Barkly for snaking some changes in the political institutions of the colony had not, up to the leaving of the mail, been proceeded with. He is at present on a visit to the county of Berbice, and, un less any sudden emergency should arise, the Court of Policy will not re-assemble before the 29th. A severe shock of earthquake was felt on the morning of the Bth ult., but no injury result from it. The weather has been very Warm during the past fortnight, but a few light and partial showers have fallen. The manufacture of sugar is going on briskly, and there is a good demand for produce. JAMAICA. The news from this island is to the 13th ult., but there is little of interest. The House of Assembly, it was said wo uld be called together on T ues d ay, the 28th instant, by which period the busi ness of tt e Supr eme Court and , Middlesex Assizes would be concluded. The cholera may be sa id to have disappeared, and on the whole the i s l an d i s h ea l thy. The weather was cloudy and a go o d d ea l o f ra i nhad fallen, which ren dered the agri cu lt u r a l di s t r i cts remarkably pleasant. EXCHANGEE.—On London Colonial Bank, 90 days, i per c en t., 60 d ays, 1 Per cent., 30 days, 1i per cent., all prem. ; Jamaica P creme 60 days, 1 per cent., 30 days, li. per cent., all P . ; merchants' bills, -.auk 90 days, i per N York—Merchants' bills, GO day F , 1 9 0 day s , p4r. On ew per cent. prem. Ships spoken with on return voyage.—September 19, passed and exchanged colours with a Hamburgh brig, showing No. 52, in black figures on white ground, steering westward. September 28, 5.30 P.M., passed and spoke the barque Merope, of Swan River, from Sydney for London Out 145 days, in , lat. 38 22 N., long. 40 23 W. October 4, 1 P.M., passed and signalled the ship J ane White, o f H u ll , steering to eastward, in lat. 47 2 3 N., long . 16 3 2 W. October G, 8.30 A.M , spoke the ship Charlotte, of Loudon, from Calcutta, hit. 49 23 N. long. 6 35 W., steering up Channel. Stations of the company's steamships.—The Great Western, at St. Thomas, September 18 ; the Thames left Carthagena September 10; the Trent arrived at St. Thomas, from England, September 18 ; the Con way, on the Havanaah and Honduras route; the Eagle, at St. Thomas, September 18 ; the Derwent, at Barbadoes, September 13. THE JAMAICA BANH.—At the , half•yearly meet ing of the shareholders of this establishment, held on Monday, a highly satisfac tor y re port of the transac erPitall)PaOvseEsobotrainCed ; grant of 7,0001. (seven tho usand" tions of the bank for the six months ending 30th June last was presented by the directors—m„ ning Jour. nal, Sept. G. Pounds) f rom Par liament,LE to assist Jamaica in her dis tresses resulti ng A RA s . s — IsT H a e N r c A E I T a J o e s J t a i m s A G I e o e v e r r n o m it from cholera, but whetber t his sum is to be di v id e d among the several medical m en w ho were sent h ere during the early part of the year, or to be distributed in the island who have become among persons from the disease, has not been mentioned. —Morning Journal, Sept. 6. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. KINGSTON, JAMAICA, SEPT. 13. (From De Cordova's Mercantile Int elligencer. ) We have but few operations of any importanc e to re port in this number of the Intelligences. S toc k s are generally light, bat that circumstance has h a d no, effect in inducing the trade to come forward wi th any more alacrity than they have exhibited for som e weeks past. In fact, our business has, during the last f ew mon P th Z been narrowing itself within the limbs of a strictly retail trach, speculation has all but ceased .; and, save few t r lcsale purchases dealers evince extrem e reluc tance w h en the con trary is optional to them at a proportionat e advance of iri very to v:e en wholesale prices. The produce market is quiet, and but little is bi ing done for exportation. tSugars are low, prices ranging from 14s. to 17s. for disk to good ordinary. The filler quali ties are scarce. Rum is plentiful and inactive. Th e new crop of pimento is being taken off, but the market as yet is very lightly supplied. Flour—The receipts sicce cur last have been limited to one cargo of Georgetown sud Alexandria, some 1,400 barrels, the must considerable portion o f which was placed at 32e. per barrel. The market is again bare. Meal continues to bring 163. per barrel. The matket is amply supplied. Rice—A public sale of Madras was attempted in the early part of the fortnight, but nothing was done. Ben gal sells at 13i. to 13s. 6d. Of Carolina 100 tierces have changed hands at 17s. per 1001 b. Butter—lrish has been moving slowly, at 9id. for Bel fast and 10d. for Cork. Hilders of the latter are firsts at the quotation. The market is almost bare of American rind Halifax. The former, of good quality, oommauds Bd, per pound.