The Sun. — London, England, 1851-09-12 00:00:00

fi*, ePe* Tie 14 ' " *'• • )14.A SUN 01 ,- 110E, Seven o'Clock. T TERSALLS.-T HIS EVENING. SEE O'CLOCK. ST. LEGER. 7 to 4 agst Hernandez 4 to 1 agst The Ban 5 to 1 apt Aphrodite—taken 25 to 1 agst Ephesus—taken 50 to 1 agst Goliah DONCASTER CUP. 5 to 1 agst Nancy CESARZWITCH. 10 to 1 agst Mokanna CANBRLDGESHIRE. 50 to 1 agst Heroine E LONDON GAZETTE. (THIS EVENING.) DO W NING -STREE SEPT. 12, 1851. i.e Queen has bren pleased to ai., , point William Reid, Egg., Lieutenant-Colonel in the Corps of Royal Engi neeca, Couapanion of the Mist Hon. Order of the Bath, to off Governor end Commander in Chief in and over tho Island of Malta and its dependencies. her Majesty has also been pleased to appoint John J,seph E,daile, Eeq., to be Provost Marshal fur the Island of Nevis. BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED. Henry George Harrison, wheelwright, King's-road, Hoxton Old Town. BANKRUPTS. David French and Archibald Sands, coal factors, Chatham, to surrender Oct. 2 and Nov. 8, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, official assignee, ' Basiughall-street ; Lawrence, Plews, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers. Samuel Cannock, jun., tobacconist, Cheltenham-place, Westminster -road, Sept. 20, at two; and Oct. 23, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, official assignee, Be.singhall-street; Rogerson and Ford, Lin col n s Inn-iields; Carter, Gloucester. Edwarfl Lacey, glass dealer, Birmingham, Sept. 25, and _ Oct. 14, at half-past 11, at the Birmingham District Court. Valpy , official assignee, Birmingham; Hayward, Bir . nanigham. Ma:thew Lister, clothier, Sled Mills, Gloucestershire, . Sept. 25 and Oct. 28, at eleven, at the Bristol District C. Acraman, official assignee, Bristol; Keeney, G I , ucestershire. John Beach, apothecary, Bradford, Sept. 25 and Oct. 20, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Young, °facial assigtitc, Leeds; Terry and Watson, Bradford; . Bond and Barwick, Leeds. Thomas Hurst, printer, Warrington, Lancashire, Sept. 22 and Nov. 4, at twelve, at the Manchesier Dis triet Court. Fraser, official assignee, Manchester; Cobbett, Manchester; Ford, Lincoln's Inn-fields. Samuel Walker, dyer, Little Lever, Lancashire, S,.pt. 26, and Nov. 3, at twelve, at the Manchester Dis- Court. Pott, official assignee, Manchester; Sale, W )rthington, and Shipman, Manchester. PRICE OF SUGAR. The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com puted from returns made in the week ending Sept. 9, ' 4 51, exclusive of Customs Duties paid or payable thereon on the importation thereof into Great Britain:- - Crom the British possessions in America 245. aid. per cwt From the Mauritius 255. Sid. ~ From the East Indies ••• 28s. Sid. „ Average price of the three foregoing de riptions of sugar, jointly, computed as • ibove, and exclusive of duty ... • 255. 3kd. By authority of Parliament, ' HENRY BICKN ELL, Clerk of the Grocers' Company. Grocers'-hall, Sept. 12. BANK OF (From this ni, recount, pursuant to the Act 1 the Week ending on Saturday, t Lasuk DEP ENGLAND. ght's Gazeite.) 7th and Bth ot Vietoria,cap. 32 for the 6th day of September, 1851. 'AILTILENT. Notes issued • • • • • ... 27,707,565 Government debt 11,015,100 Other securities .. •• 2,984,900 Gold coin and bullion 13,674,190 Silver bullion . • • • • • 33,375 ----- X 27,707,565 :. MARSHALL, Chief Cashier. £27,707,565 Dated the I Ith day of September IDSI. 'ARTMZN T. Government securi ties (including Dead Weight Annuity). • 13,464,216 Other securities •• • • 13,193,878 Notes .•••••. • • • • • • • 8,344,190 Gold and silver coin.. 882,826 £ 35,585,110 ~ Chief Cashier. BANKING D : Proprletors'capital.. 14,553,000 R3At • •• •....• 3,588,957 Public deposits (in cluding Exchequer, Commissioners of National Debt, Sav- :nge-banks, and Di vldend aecouni,s)•• 8,093,413 Other deposits •• •• •• 8,121,431 Seven day and other Bllls.• 1,223,809 £35,585,110 Dated the I lth day of September COURSE OF EXCHA Amitera.m .......... 11 1811 Ottto.threemonths.. 11 19% Itotterdaku ....•• 11 19% Antwerp.•............ 25 35 I>raa.4el3•••• 25 35 li,mburgh ....••1•1.B. 13 9% Faris, 3 days'sight ...• 25 Pb Ditto, 3 months .... 25 35 Marsdllet; •• •• •• .•..•• 25 35 • irninUorton 120 in • • ...... • • Vt :Dna, afro°. do • ..... 11 56 TzT3ste, ..,... 11 5h r9)•.•:l3burgli, Sll. Rble.• 37% bt:l •• . • ........ 50 Bir,,lorta •• ........ Saville ..... T, 1851. LNGE.-CA:EIS DAY.) •• Leghorn •• •• •• •• kienee .••• ............ 25 42% Allan .............. Venice.... .... • • •... gaples • • .... •• 40% Palermo, peroz ........ 51eisina • • •• • • •• •• • • •• Lisbon.... .......... 53% - Joao .• •• •• •• 53 %: itio Janeiro •• •• guencs Ayres ...... •• York, 60 dayesight .......... 431CE8 OP BULLION, PEE OIL eureign Gold in bars.. XS 17 9 I , ,rtt,:gal Gold Coin •• 0 0 -loanlgh Doubloons .. 0 0 0 New Dollars •..... 0 4 11 tiiiv,r. IT. bars .• •• •• •• 0 5 0% MARKET 11S TELLIGEN CE. (From the London New Price Current, Sept. 12.) SUGAN.—Today only limned transactions cccurred in thy: West India Sufiar market ; the purchases were confined to 490, making for the wfek 1,490 hlids, &c. Prices close generally the same as on Friday last fur • bright yellow, but oth, r sorts have declined 6d per cwt. REFINED. — To - day only limited purchases were made in }Wined goods by home dealers, ulthough low to fine grocery lumps were dull at 44a to 48s per owl, Crushed wet wilts hide atV nti. n for shipping, and at former rates there are free sellers. ,MAURITIUS.—This afternoon there was a reluctance to operate in Mauritius Sugar; of 10,000 bgs at public sale not above oe.e-half found buyers at rather lower rates. good mid to good yellow went at 35s ti 375, low to mid 32s 6d to 34s 63, gocd and fine brown 30s to 324, low to mid 27s 6d to 29 6d, and refining quail ies 31; to 364 per cwt. EAST INDIA. —This afternoon Bengal Sugar was dealt in with caution, and of 2,000 bags at public sale a parr only sold at a reduction of 6d per cwt. Beneres fine waite went at 41s to 425, mid to good 38a to 40a 61, low 87s to a7s 6d, mid to good like Mauritius 34a to 375, low aas ad to 33s 6d, ord and fair soft yellow 30a to 325. Of :„%faiiros 143 bags went at 36s to 36s 6d for mid grainy rather cheaper. FOREIGN.—To-day the private operations in Foreign Sugar were upon a small scale, still duty paid parcels or Fixating Cargoes were not offered at lower rates. None ss as offered at public auction. MOLASSES.—There is no further reduction to notice in prices of West India, still t ransact i ons are aga i n trifliug; Antigua at 14a to 15s, and other sorts 126 to 134 61 Bengal arid Mauritius are in sc a nty su pply, an d held for lls to 120; few inquiries, however, have pre vailed. Porto Rico and Cuba are dull of sale at 13s to 13s 6d. Prices for Molasses are not expected to be lower. Jamaica Honey is wanted, but supply is scanty, and the value from 36s to 60s for low to fine. Cocoa.—lmportersof West India are firmer, and again retrained from off.ieng any at auction this week i ; pre vious rates are however supported, and best red s more in demand, whilst other sorts remain dull of sale, The value of good to flue red Trinidad is 451 to 525, low and mid 41s to 445, grey fr om 37s to 40s, and Grenada 35a to 40s per cwt. I n F ore i g n transactions aro small, still holders are not disposed to press sales; and obtain for Bahia and Para 26 s to 27 5; Guayaquil 30s to 31s. At auction 101 bags of the better sold at 23s 6d to 27s 6d for damaged, whilst 60 bags St. Do mingo were taken in at 25s for ord sound. COFFEE.—This afternoon Mocha Coffee met with a good demand, and realised full terms. At public sale 254- hAft-bales were sold at Ils to 72s 6d for mid clean garbled, and a few lots ord 65s 6d to 66s 6d. For all sorts of Coffee there is, however, a dull market. At auct.on 931 bags Native Ceylon we re taken in at 40s for sound. Of Plantation Ceylon 142 casks and 200 bags were only in part sold at easier rates; good to fine went at 56s to 60s, mid and good mid 51s to 555, other sorts 43s to 595, pea berry 56s to 595. 01 Jamaica 118 bags sold at easier rates; good to fine ord 40s to 43s 6d, and triage 36F. TEA.—Prices have undergone no further depression for Congu, still there is a reluctance on the part of home dealers to operate; export orders are trifling, and there is yet a plentiful supply. The terms acceded to for low and ord are Bid to 9/-d; good common 9i to 9id; blackish leaf 10d to 110, strong ditto is to is lid; ani Pekoe flavor at is 2d, to is 7d, the latter being 1(:) 'long ,11. at in request. Few transactions have taken place in and several parcels are on offer, the value is from lld to is 7d. Souchong can be obtained at a further decline; still dealers have evinced little desire to ope rate, a:7d there is a plentiful supply. Prices for ord to go:AY ord rule at 9d to llid, good to fine is to is 6d, nti d superior is 7d to 2s. Previous terms are required for go 'id and fine green, although there is no increase in op,rattorks, or fallin g o ff i n supply. For i n f er i or an d mediuria the market is in a dull state; large parcels have b on bra aught forward, and easier terms are acceded to. Scentsd and Pekoe sorts are still purchased with reluct stick,' and prices continue to decline. Rie sa--To-day the demand for E ast I nd i a further in erease[l, and the chief part of 7,720 bags at auction found ba ,lets at fu.3.1 ; Iseag,,l, fine white los to 10 3 63 l ow tititnag , 43 to 9, ; M a d ras , az . d to nod 83 to 9 3 6 d , pinkey . 7s to Is 6d, good to fine white-Bengal grain 9a. 6s I, dam aged 5s 63 to 9s. Of 540 ch ts Sag o a small pll solo! at s6d to 18s for or d and mid small pearl. Srinfrs.-1, coward Island Rum is offered upon rather lower te;:nts yet operations have been small at is 5d t o Is 5d par galloa proof. East India is dull of sale and rather chi caper, Is 3d to is 4d having been accepted preof. For De/twit:lra there is a quiet market, and larger parcels are on offer; sellers are disposed to accept is 10d to 2,3 d fur 18 to 40 :per cent over proof. The better qasaities of Jamaica are yet in good demand for home coosumptio a said shipping, and no advance has been es tablished, Iwh ereas inferior met with a dull sale , and easier f l states are acceded to, supply being THE SU plentiful. Prices for 28 to 33 per cent over proof plain and mid quality rule at 2s 3d to 2s Bd, good mid to good 32 to 36 over 2s 9d to 3s 2d, fine and choice marks 33 to 38 over 3s 3d to 4s 4d. Fur Havannah not more than is 2d can be obtained proof, and there are few buyers. Stock of Rum is 1,800 puns, &o. less than last season. In Brandy a good deal has been, and at firm rates. Sales of Cognac best brands of vintage of 1850 have been made at 4s 4d to 4s 6d, 1849 ditto 4s 7d to 4s 9d, 1848 ditto 5s to 5s 2d, older sorts 5s 4d to 63 4d, low to mid 2s 8d t 8 3s Bd, and Bordeaux 2s 2d to 2s 4d. British made Spirit is good demand at 9s 5d to 9s 6d nett cash, and Gin at 7s 10d for 22 per cent under proof. Geneva met with little attention, and there are sellers of ord at is 7d to is Bd, and fine is 9d to 2s. SPICES.—To-day a public sale of 50 bags Pimento went at 5d to sed for good quality ; 40 barrels Jamaica Ginger 44s to 68s for low to good mid, and 200 bags African were taken in at 25s per cwt. Of Nutmegs 9 packages went at 2s 2d to 2s 7d for low to mid brown, and 6 casks Mace Is 9d to 2s Id. SALTPETRE .—To-day few purchases were made pri vately in Rough Saltpetre, and at auction 472 bags Dombay sold at 25s for fair quality 12i to 11i per cent. refraction, not refracted 235; these are easier rates. COCHINEAL.—This afternoon Cochineal again met with little notice, and of 50 bgs at auction a part only sold; Honduras, Silvers at 2s lld to as 2d for low to good; mid to fine black 3s 6d to 4s ld ; whilst Mexican was taken in at 3s 3d to 3s 4d for black. FRUlT.—There has been a very limited demand for currants this week, but prices may be considered steady. At public sale yesterday 46 butts 77 crtls and 49 brls Patras offered and bought in at 40s to 425, also 88 butts 13 crtls 62 brls Zante, and 7 butts 14 crtls 14 brls Ce- phalonia, damaged, part of which sold at 36s to 1375. New Valencias have arrived via Southampton and Li verpool, which are selling at 403. Currants, 425. Also New Turkey Figs and Sultanas at 703. Irimao.—Operations in East India have been upon a small scale for all purposes this week, yet holders are not disposed to accept rates under the last quarterly sales, although the increased quantity ot 19,857 chts is declared for the 7th next month. Of Manikin& 76 chts at auction sold at is id to 4s. Spanish has been operated in with reluctance, and former rates are not to be obtained. OlLS.—This afternoon at public sale 100 casks of Palm Oil taken in at 275, 100 pkgs Coeott Nut sold, Sydney 30s 3d to 31s 6d; 60 tuns Seal, pale 301 10s, brown, yellow, and straw 331 to 331; 20 tuns Sperm 821 10s to 861 15s. TALLOW.—This afternoon the public sales of Tallow went at improved pri 'es; 60 aka Australian selling at 37s to 39s for Mutton; Beef at 36s to 37s 6d; 500 pkgs South American at 35s to 38s 3d; 29 ditto North at 38s; and 30 cks Italian at 37s 6d to 38s. MAZZINI ON OUR RELIGIOUS QUARRELS. The following essay, prefixed by Mazzini to a re publication of some of his political writings, is im portant at the present day, as speaking the opinions and showing the tendencies of a large number of Italians at the present time : When young Italy raised her banner, now nearly twenty years ago, two elements predominated in Italy : superstition and materialism. Superstition was the habit of a part of the population, to which all light, all education was forbidden, which was led astray by a traditional religious sentiment conceived in the narrowest spirit, and which, deprived of every motive of action, of all consciousness of the true life of citizens, clung with a kind of despair to a heaven little understood. Materialism was the natural reac tion of those who had been able to emancipate them selves from the abject spectacle which religion offered, from the brutal yoke that it was wished to impose upon their intelligence. It was said to them, !‘ Believe all that we affirm :" they replied by deny ing all. Luther compared the human mind to a drunken peasant upon horseback, leaning over on one side, and who falls on the other, when you seek to set him upright. Many peoples have passed through a similar expe rience. Young Italy rejected at once and equally materialism and superstition. It declared that in order to acquire strength necessary to become a nation, Italy must emancipate herself at the same time from the old Catholic belief, and from the ma terialism of the eighteenth century. The first gave a pretended divine sanction to immobility; the second dried up the sources of faith, and must necessarily end in destroying the idea of duty, and in leaving nothing for the object, of human worship but right and enjoyment. We wished to march with the world, as is the will of God, the life eternal. We did not wish to combat in order to conquer the satis faction of certain appetites, panem et circenses, but for something more elevated—the dignity, the sacred liberty of the human soul, its development in love, a mission upon earth for our own and for our brethren's good. It is not for me to give here an exposition of the complete doctrines of young Italy ; but I hold it im portant to prove, that our language to-day is the same as that of twenty years ago. We have never deviated from it. Now as then, my predominating idea, and the vital thought of all our labours, is this : a fatal separa tion has been established between religious and political belief, between heaven and earth ; this is why we wander groping from one crisis to another, from conuvlsive movement to convulsive movement ; without succeeding, without finding peace. It is necessary to re-unite earth to heaven, politics to the eternal principles which should direct them ; nothing great or durable can be done without that. God, Religion ; the People, Liberty in Love : these two words, which as individuals we inscribed on our ban ner in 1831, and which afterwards—significant phe• nomenon—became the formula of all the decrees of Venice end of Rome, sum up all for which we have combatted, all for which we will combat under vic tory. The people of Italy instinctively compre hended this idea. Young Italy became rapidly powerful. A gradual transformation was effected in a portion of its enlightened youth ; which became, I will not say the most devoted, but the most constant in devotion, to their country. Two or three years of struggle and suffering suffice to exhaust the strength weer) the inspiring sentiment is only one of reaction, of indignation against oppression : a whole life is not too much for a realisation of a thought which seeks to reunite earth to heaven. The party which in Italy has assumed the title of moderate came across our path. Imbued with a badly-di,guieed materialism, springing up in the shadow of courts which have no other faith than that of power at any price, this party has no belief, it has only opinions. Adopting and abandoning them with the same ease, it accommodates itself to everything in turns ; princes, republics, concessions, popular in surrections, truth, and falsehood. It creates nothing ; it cannot create anything; it seeks strength, mate rial strength, and worships it wherever it may be found, and whatever name it may bear. It has called itself opportuniste. At the present time it is warring against the priests in Piedmont, for the service of royalty ; it would do the same thing to-morrow against princes, in the name of the Pope, should the Pope recommence a career of concessions. In reality, the " moderates" believe neither in princes nor in the Pope, nor in the people; they believe in their own coterie, in their small con ceptions, in their personal influence. They have neither a grand idea nor a great sentiment. They consequently follow, and do nat initiate. When Charles Albert, whom they despied, manifested a weak ambition, which ap peared to them capable of serving their designs, they proclaimed him the first man of Italy. When Pius IX., in whom as Pope - they do not believe, appeared under a semblance of liberalism, they wrote volumes to prove that Papacy was to regenerate the whole world. And now, even since the affairs of Rome, they do not dream of saying to the Pope—You are a falsehood— descend : they venture only to combat his temporal a uthority ; but pr os t ra t e th emse l ves a t th e same t ime , hypocritically, befor e th e s pi r it ua l au th or ity o f th e f a ther of believers. What can Italy or the world hope for from such men or f rom suc h a po li cy ? T policy has com e t o us f rom M ac hi ave lli. But This s ith Machiavelli it was not theory, but history. He lived in a period of ruin and dissolution ; liberty had perished e i verwhere ; the last s park was being extinguished n Florence ; the Pope and the Emperor having at last coalesced, after their struggle of ages, bad vowed to spread darkness over all Italy. Corruption had descended f rom cour t s o f the middle ranks of society. Cramped by the iron hand of the foreigner, th e national genius was gra dually disappearing, and the efforts of the giant Michael Angelo and his great contemporari e s ap peared only likely to result in immobilising it in stone or on th e canvas , by raising .to it a magnificent monument, which might serve it for a tomb. Military valour no longer served as a buckler toa free state ; it exhibited itself i n th e c hiefs of bands, without country, without faith,who sold their talents and their soldiers to the highest bidder. Poor Machiavelli, after having en deavoured to struggle, after having in his own person protested in prison, and under torture, seated himself in sor r o w upon this great ruin, a nd described after the manner of an epitaph the causes which bad occa sioned it. He used the scalpel of the a n atomist upon the corpse, and made of his books a long report of his work of dissection. And now, these men would in scribe the device of death upon the cradle of a new life. After more than three centuries of that latent renovating transformation, which men call death or sleep, Italy is breaking the stone of her tomb, stir ring in all her limbs, making of her winding sheet a banner of insurrection ; dinstead of bending the knee before a nation's awakening, instead of crying to it in enthusiasm, in the name of God and the people, " strengthen thyself for a supreme effort, and arise," they come coldly and pedantically to read it a chapter of Machiavelli. Oh that it had at least been that one in which he says to his country, "Thou wilt never again have life, except by unity; and thou wilt never have unity, except by abolishing the Papacy." But they dare not. They would steal, u nperce i ve d, som e fragments of liberty, without teaching to the people the knowledge of them or the right to them ; they wage a petty war, which will have a speedy end, against the priests, without daring to go to the source of the corruption of the LONDON, priests ; without daring to say aloud—Liberty is the right and the duty of the human soul ; he who pre tends to enslave the conscience must desire to en chain the body. Strange, that this is the party which in England, in this ancient land of liberty and of good sense, finds favour - whilst the popular party—the logical party—the openly and honestly emancipatory party, is coldly received. A few vain good wishes, and a number of injurious suspicions, behold all the part that England has as yet borne in a question which is pregnant with the liberty of the world—the Italian question. The cause, I say it here frankly, and at once—is, that the religious sentiment is ex piring in England, and that, whilst the form re mains intact, the foundation is being undermined and corrupted. The unity of the religious principle of the Reformation has disappeared. The divorce of which I spoke above, between earth and heaven, has been accomplished in England as elsewhere ; and it is because this separation has taken place, that Ca tholicism gains ground upon Protestantism. Let me explain my thought. A mighty question is now being agitated in Europe between two principles which have divided the world since its creation ; and these two principles are liberty and authority, The human mind desires to progress according to its own light, not by favour of concession, but by virtue of the law of its own life. Authority says to it : Rest where thou art; I alone strike the hour of the march ; when I am silent everything should rest ; for all progress which is accomplished with out me and beyond me is impious. The human mind interrogates itself: it feels its own right and power ; it find that the germ of progress is in itself, that strength and right come to it from God, and not from an intermediate power coming between itseif and God, as if charged to lead it. Hence springs revolt and resistance, and hence the anomalous situation of Europe. The conscience of the human race is struggling with tradition, which desires to enchain it ; the future and the past dispute for the collective life of humanity, and for that of the individual. Every man who in these struggles, ever stifled yet ever re-appearing, in this series of manifes tations and violent repressions which have constituted European history for two-thirds of a century, sees only the action of some turbulent factions, or the result of some accidental or material causes, as a deficit, a famine, a secret conspi racy or cabinet intrigue, understands nothing of the facts of history, nothing of the laws of which, by those facts, history becomes the expression. And he who in the great questions of the suffrage, of prole tarian emancipation, and of nationality, sees nothing but the subjects of political discussion, having no connexion with the religious idea, with the providen tial development of humanity, understands neither man nor God, and degrades to the proportions of a pigmy intelligence, a battle of giants, of which the stake is a step in advance in the universal education of mankind, or a step backward towards the world which we had believed to have ended with the middle ages. Between the great armies which sustain the com bat, marauders, free corps, have undoubtedly intro duced themselves and falsified its character ; between the two doctrines represented in the two camps, a multitude of exaggerations, of dangerous utopias, of false and immoral philosophies, have come to throw trouble and alarm in men's minds. It matters little. The real question remains as I have stated it. All these irregular Cossack-like movements, will disappear, as the sharp- shooters of an army when the hour arrives for the masses to be gin to move. It matters little also for what I now desire to say, whether the result of the struggle ought to be, as some imagine, the absolute abolition of the principle of authority and the pure and simple en thronement of liberty ; or whether, as I believe, the future holds in reserve a great collective religious manifestation, in which the two terms, authority and liberty, tradition and individual conscience, will both be recognised as essential elements to the normal de. velopment of life, and harmonising together in one whole, will be at once the safeguard of belief and progress. What is certain is that transformation im plies death, and that the new authority can never be founded until after the complete overthrow of that which now exists. The destruction of authority such as it now exists ; the proclamation of human liberty, whether as a means or as the end—this is the problem which Europe has now to solve. Right or wrong, the human mind be lieves that it sees a glimpse of new destinies, and a new heaven ; and in order to prepare itself to realise them, it claims its independence, it desires to inter rogate humanity upon what it believes, upon what it expects, and hopes ; it desires to pass under revision the laws of life, and of its being ; old authority would forbid the attempt. The question is a vital one ; and one would have thought it impossible that there should exist a single people, or a single man, who did not feel the neces sity of deciding between the two camps, and of giving to one or other his name and his active adhesion. And nevertheless it is not so. The solidarity of all in support of the principle in which they belies e is only understood on one side. And this side, with shame be it said, is that of old authority. All the powers whose rallying cry is authority, are allied for the defensive and for the offensive; they fulfil amongst each other the duties of fraternity ; when one is attacked the others fly to its aid ; in time of peace an universal propaganda rallies the means of all. They have a plan, a combined action, and a visible symbol, the Pope. They do not believe in him ; but they feel the want of a common standard, and they support him. Schismatics, orthodox be lievers, materialists, all those who deny the liberty of the human conscience and its manifestation by acts, join hands arounii his throne. It is not thus with the powers, with the nations whose rallying cry is Liberty. They may have bro thers in their ideal sphere; they have none upon the field of reality. Each sustains, defends what he has been able to conquer of liberty for himself; no one exerts himself for the triumph of the principle else where. The life of God is only sacred to them so far as it is diffused in their own sphere; beyond their own frontiers it becomes indifferent to them; they abandon it to chance, they deliver it over to the enemy. No pro- tection is afforded to the peoples which are tortured and destroyed, no hindrance is offered to the hostile forces which stifle life in its cradle, or prevent the truth from manifesting itself. To the cry of Authority everywhere and for all, they oppose that of : Liberty for those who possess it. To the insolent audacious intervention exercised by the other camp, they reply Neutrality, non-intervention, not for all—for they do nothing to prevent the intervention of others—but for themselves. Austria and France intervene in Italy; Prussia in the states of Germany, Russia in Hungary. England, the United States, Switzerland, cross their arms, and silently aid the triumph, which , they believe to be iniquitous, of old authority over liberty. Like Pilate, they wash their hands of the blood of the just—they would reply to God with the answer of Cain—Am I then my brother's keeper ? A people, the Italian people, rises up. It goes straight to the heart of' the question, to the palladium of the enemy's camp. It proposes to cut the knot, to emancipate the world, to end the struggle for all by a single blow. Authority has its seat, its source, its radiating centre at Rome. Authority pretends that it lives in the love of all, that it is sanctified by uni versal consent, that a factious minority is all that opposes it. Italy proves indisputably the reverse. It unites, it interrogates publicly, peacefully, the wishes of men iu the very place where authority has always reigned without opposition, where it has been able to seduce, mislead, and corrupt at its pleasure. An unanimous voice replies : the authority which go verns us is a falsehood ; it is not worthy to guide us : the Pope is no longer our bead ; we appeal to God, to liberty, and to our conscience. The royalty of the Pope--all that could be abolished by decree—is abo lished. The Pope flees. A banner bearing these principle-involving and eternal words, " God and the people," floats above the Vatican. Not a man raises his hand to protest in favour of the Pope; not a man bends the knee before the bulls of excommunication hurled from Gaeta. And to this demonstration, for the benefit of the world's cause, on the part of a people which has always served this cause, how has Protestantism replied ? How has England replied ? What has been done to save this people, when, in defiance of all right, and without the smallest provocation, four Go vernments leagued together to crush it, and sent their armies to tear down by brute force the sacred banner of liberty of conscience ? There exists great agitation at the present moment in Protestant England on account of the attempted encroachments of Catholicism. Think you that these attempts would have taken place if the people's banner were still floating at Rome? Think you that the Pope would have sent his Catholic hierarchy from Gaeta ? Papacy excluded from Rome, is, it is well known, Papacy excluded from Italy. Papacy excluded from Italy, is Papacy excluded from Europe. Place the Pope at Lyons or Seville—he will no longer be Pope; he will only be a dethroned king. Protestantism has not understood this. There is so little remaining of the deep conviction, so little of the enthusiasm which produced the Reformation, that before the great question in dispute at Rome, it assumed a sceptical position ; it contented itself by asking whether such or such a man govern ing in that city belonged to one political school or another—whether he was a partisan of a system of terror or of justice; it entered into a polemic with respect to individuals. The work, the providential work, which was being accomplished there by instru ments destined, whatever might be their character, to disappear the day after, completely escaped its notice. And when Austrians, Neapolitans, and Frenchmen marched against Rome, it could not summon up suffi cient energy to say—Stop; a question of religious faith is there at issue, and we will not allow It to be ' decided by brute force. And yet we gave it sufficient ' time to pronounce this prohibition. protestotisin has thus given to the world, I re- .4 . FRIDAY EVEN peat it, a striking demonstration of want of power, of decay. It will expiate it bitterly, if it does not repair the mistake it has committed. Faith begets faith. You cannot expect that men should believe in yours, when they see that it does not furnish you with the consciousness of a right, or the feeling of a duty to fulfil. You have looked on with indifference whilst the liberty of the human soul was being crushed beyond your gates; you will be thought little worthy of defending it within. Faith is also wanting to the Pope; but he has something which replaces it in the eyes of the world ; he has the audacity, the obstinacy, and the unscru pulous logic of his false principle. He attacks; you fortify yourselves for defence : he advances ever, with the continuous motion of the serpent; you move by fits and starts, under the impulse of fear : he says, Servitude for all; you say, Liberty for us alone. You will not have it; or rather, you already have it not. You are slaves by all the slavery of yonr brethren. Hence it is that your contracted inspiration no longer fecundates the souls of men. There is no religion without faith in the solidarity of the human race. I have here said what is to me the touch-stone of every faith. When any one says to me, " Behold a good man," I ask, " How many souls has he saved ?" 'When any one says to me, " Behold a religious people," I inquire what it has done and suffered to bring humanity to its belief. It is to man, and not to a certain number of men, that God has given life, the sun, the fruits of the earth, his law, and the capacity of comprehending and of obeying it. It was for all men that Jesu., died upon the cross. And you who honour the name of God, and murmur unceasingly the name of Christ, what have you given, what do you give for a ll me n ? For whom do you die, for whom do you dare martyrdom ? By what do you render testi mony to the unity of the human race, of which you are only a member ? What work of education do you accomplish upon earth? You found establish ments for the sale of bibles, you smuggle the divine word across forbidden frontiers; but know you not that the foundation, the commencement of all educa tion, is liberty ? Have you so completely lost the spirit, are you so blind to all but the dead letter of the law, as not to know that it is to man that God allotted the gift of understanding and of interpreting his will, and that the slave is not a man, but the form, the material part of man alone ? * * * * I have read the writings of the men who protest against the encroachments of Catholic Rome; I have hearkened to the speeches uttered by them in their meetings. I have not met with a single expression of sympathy for the Rome of the people and for li berty, not a single prayer for the emancipation of Italy from the chains which forbid her all movement, all spiritual education. We have nothing to do, tht-y say, with political questions. Is it, then, by leaving man in the hands of his oppressors that you would elevate and emancipate his soul ? Is it by leaving erect the idol of blind force, in the service of imposture, that you think to raise in the human soul an altar to the God of a free conscience ? Moses broke the idols to pieces; he knew well that whilst the idols existed there would ever be idolators. Every so-called religious agitation against Papacy will be vain which does not take in hand the Italian political question. While the Pope possesses Italy, he will have a footing in every part of Europe. It is the Italian nation alone that can annihilate Papacy. Would you introduce the light and air of heaven within our prison ? Help us to break open its gates, to throw down its walls; and the air and the light of God will pour in to invigorate and enlighten us. Help us to reconquer liberty of speech : you will find that our first word will be liberty of conscience. Pe tition your Government, not to arrest the progress of Catholicism amongst yourselves—how can it attempt to do so—but remembering for once at least that Eng land also has rights and duties in Europe, to put a stop to the prolonged scandal of a foreign occupation of Rome; and be sure that twenty-four hours after our deliverance, the Pope shall flee towards Gaeta and soon much farther than Gaeta. All agitation which does not make this its object will be in vain; not only because Italy bound, gagged, with the sword of the oppressor at her throat, cannot make any response or derive any advantage from the fraction of truth which may be therein contained, before. she has broken the sword; but also because it is immoral ; because it fails to recognise the unity of man ; because it betrays the sacred duty of rendering assistance to every victim of assasination ; and because it is in reality, I believe, a secret compromise be tween lukewarm religious belief and political preju dices which it is feared to alarm. We have sometimes been asked, if when once emancipated, we should proclaim ourselves Protest ants. It is not for Individuals to reply. The coun try, free to interrogate itself, will follow the inspira tions that God will send it. Religion is not a matter o contract ; and those who address such a question to us, can have but little faith in that which they believe to be the truth. For myself, I would not bargain even for the liberty of my country, by pro faning my soul with falsehood. But this, with my band upon my heart, I can answer to them. Catholicism is dead. Religion is eternal. It will be the soul—the thought of the new world. Every man bears an altar in his own breast, upon which, whenever ha invokes it in purity, enthusiasm, and love, the truth of God descends. Conscience is sa cred—it is free. But truth is one, and faith may anti cipate the time when, from the free consciencs of en lightened men, beneath the breath of God, shall be given forth a religious harmony, more mighty, more potent in love and life, than any to which humanity has yet lent ear. But in order that the death of Catholicism may be revealed to men, the air must circulate freely, and reach, in order to destroy, the corpse which stands as yet ereot. In order that man may invoke with parity, enthusiasm, and love, the truth of God, he must be emancipated from a state which teaches him immo rality, egotism, hatred, and mistrust. And in order that truth may triumph over error, it must be free to proclaim itself in the full light of day. This consum mation we can offer in exchange for the support which we demand. JOSEPH MAZZINI. December, 1850. MILITARY PitISONS. A Parliamentary paper has just been issued contain ing a report on the discipline and management of the military prisons last year. There are nine military pri sons in the United Kingdom and eight abroad, making 17 prisons, capabl:B4oBf, 470c0o9m;miondla8ti4n9g, 3,533; fr0m l a , n 2 d oO la t s o t 1,300 prisoners. In the prisons at ho me in 1847, 3,850 year,were3 admitted;,s6s. T he committals for desertion an d absence in without leave, taken together, were precisely the same in 1850 as in 1849, but whilst the minor offence of absence had increased the grave crime of desertion had mate rially decreased. The commitments for drunkenness had increased in the last year. The Inspector-General (Colonel Jebb), in his report to the Secretary at War, makes the following observations:--" It is a subject of regret that there is an increase of re-committals, the number committed to some of the military prisons being 1,011, whilst those committed in 1850 amount to 1,268, being in the latter year more than one-third of the whole admissions. The number. however, recommitted to the same military prisons are 578 in 1849, sad 575 in 1850. A different result might have been anticipated, arising from the fact that a large portion of the worst characters in the army had been got rid of in the late reductions. It is, however, understood that many of these being per f ec tly fit for service, have obtained re-ad mission into the ranks. But for this circumstance it becomes a question for serious consideration, now that the character of the service has beets so greatly raised by the improvements made in the condition of the soldier, whether the suggestion made in 1849 for relieving regi ments of habitual drunkards and incorrigible soldiers should not be adopted. Some means might also be devised for marking men so as to prevent their return to the service." MILITARY DESERTERS. (Circular Memorandum.) Horse Guards, Aug. 19. In consequence of the diversity of practice and in efficiency of the existing methods of marking the deser ter with the letter D, and it being found in many in stances that the mark has become obliterated in a short time, and even been removed by artificial means, it has been decided that from the Ist of October next this part of the sentence of the court-martial shall be inflicted, in all cases where practicable, in the military prisons, by the medical officer attached to each of those establish ments, and under special instructions from the Secre tary-at-War. Under this improved system it is expected that this important part of the sentences of courts-martial will be duly and effectually carried out. Offenders sentenced to imprisonment and who are also to be masked with the letter D, will, therefore, in all cases be committed to a military prison, in order to this part of their sentence being inflicted. This rule applies Equally to all deserters so sentenced, whether the individual is ultimately to be discharged the service or nor, although such prisoners may not be liable to be retained in the military prison for a longer period than may be deemed sufficient to render the mask Soldiers, however, who are to be marked with the letter D and sentenced to transportation without previous imprisonment, or belonging to corps stationed in districts where there may not be a military prison, are to be so marked at their regiments as heretofore. In order to ascertain how far a permanent impression ' has been obtained, a record is to be kept at the prison, showing the date on which the offender is marked, and the state of the mark when he quits the prison, and re ports thereon are to be made periodically to the War office from the several military prisons. An animal re turn is also to be transmitted on the Ist of January in each year to the War-office by regiments, and depots showing the names of all soldiers who have been so marked in the military prisons, and the state of the mark at the date of the return being rendered. As the u, , w arrangemvnt will comineece on the Ist of October next, a return for the quarter to the 31st of De cember, 1851, is to be rendered to the War-office. (By command) G, Dlows, Icijatant•Gteneral. J NG-, SEPTEMBE POLICE INTELLIGENCE; LAMBET g. Yesterday Robert Turner appeared before Mr. Elliott to answer to a summons charging him with assaulting Thomas Huntley. The complainant stated that on Saturday last the defendant, after keeping his wife from her home for two whole nights and days, came to his house and acknowledged, even in the presence of her children, that he had carried on an adulterous correspondence with her for six years past. This disclosure of course exasperated him, and at the moment he was so excited that he struck at his wife, upon which the defendant gave him a violent blow on the left eye and walked away with his wife. The complainant called as a witness his own child, a girl of ten years of age, who said she heard the whole of the disgusting abuse between the parties, and saw the defendant strike her father in the eye. The defendant, in reply to the charge, said that the complainant had agreed, in the presence of witnesses whom he could produce, to sell him his wife for a pot of beer ; and, taking him at his word, he cried, "done," and they had the pot of beer together, after which Mrs. Huntley, of course (as he expressed it), left her husband and went with him. _ _ Mrs. Huntley, who stood behind the defendant, and whom, up to this time it was found difficult to restrain from interrupting the proceedings, here burst forth and declared the statement of the defendant was perfectly true. Her htfsband, she said, had regularly disposed of her, and therefore she was not going to have anything more to say to him. Mr. ELLIOTT remarked that a more disgusting or profligate case, or one more disgraceful to the whole of the parties concerned in it, had never come before him. The defendant had struck the complainant without any just provocation, and for that assault he must pay 103. and expenses, or be imprisoned for ten days. It subsequently appeared that while the parties were in attendance at the court the wife of Turner, the defendant, called in a broker, to whom she sold the whole of the goods and started off with the amount. THAMES. A fashionably dressed young man, named Arthur Robert Fry, was brought before Mr. Ingham, charged with assaulting Mr. Samuel Pasquin, an elderly gen tleman, and several other persons, and with setting a furious dog upon a young woman, named Sarah Bushwell, whose leg was severely lacerated by the animal. Mr. Pelham stated the case for the prosecution. It appeared that on Wednesday morning Mr. Pas quin, who is a retired gentleman, came before Mr. Yardley, and stated that his son-in-law, Mr. Fry, was in the habit of beating his wife (Mr. Pasquin's daughter) in a very cowardly and savage manner ; that she was in fear of her life, and that Mr. Fry kept a furious dog, for the purpose of terrifying hip wite and intimidating her, and that he had threatened to set the animal upon her and tear her to pieces. On Tuesday night Mr. Fry and his wife were in Mr. Pasquin's apartment, where she had fled for protec tion, and her husband asked her to accompany him to bed. The wife, who was labouring under great ter ror, said, " I won't go, Arthur, if you take that dog up stairs." Her husband immediately commenced abusing her, and after applying the most disgusting epithets to her, banged her against the door. She cried out for help, and Mr. Pasquin and another gen tleman named Spencer, interposed, on which the pri soner struck his father-in-law and knocked him down on the sofa, and swore that he would kill any one who interfered between him and his wife. Mr. Pasquin added, that his daughter had frequently suffered through her husband's brutal treatment, and that he (Mr. Pasquin) was in great peril. • On this statement Mr. Yardley granted a peace warrant, which is made returnable for Saturday next, and said, if the wife applied, and made out a case for nis interference, he would grant another summons. In the course of the day the defendant applied to Mr. Yardley, and said his wife was unlawfully detained, and would not come home, and that he required a restitution of conjugal rights. Mr. Yardley said it was not a case in which he could interfere, and that if what he had previously heard was true, the wife had just grounds for keeping aloof from a man who beat her as he was represented to be in the practice of doing, and who also kept savage bulldogs in his room. The defendant left the court much disappointed and full of passion. On the same evening, according to the statement of Mr. Pelham, borne out by a mass of evi dence, the prisoner entered the apartment of his father in-law, and made his presence known by suddenly forcing open the door and dragging the old gentleman out of the room. Mr. Pasquin called out murder, and, in the struggle which took place, fell down. The prisoner, in spite of prosecutor's cries and entreaties, dragged him down the stairs, exclaiming, " Come out of this, you old rascal, you shall not stop another mi nute." Mr. Pasquin's head was thumping against the steps all the way. Another man named Pember ton, who was with the prisoner, and an active parti cipator in the outrage, called out, " give it him, d— him, give it him," and both beat him. The prisoner also stamped upon him several times and dragged him into the street. A City police-constable named Hackett, who was passing, exclaimed indignantly, " You shan't use him in that way," and made an at tempt to rescue Mr. Pasquin. The prisoner and Pemberton immediately set upon the constable, who was very roughly handled and kicked. The prisoner was recommencing his attack on Mr. Pasquin when Mr. Brain, import surveyor of inland revenue, inter posed, and, after a desperate conflict with Fry and Pemberton, released the old man, and with the as sistance of Hackett took him back to the house, bleeding profusely, and in a most exhausted condition. The prisoner and his friend got away, but the former returned almost imme diately with a large and furious bulldog, which had just been engaged in a " prize fight' with another animal equally savage. Another scuffle took place in preventing the prisoner re-entering the house, where his lather-in-law had sought refuge, and the dog, urged on by his master, and seeing the scuffle, darted at the servant girl, Sarah Bush well, and seized her leg between his teeth and lacerated it severely. The bystanders endeavoured to drag the animal away, but it was not until Mr. Brain had broken a thick stick over its head and back that he made the dog let go. Not being able to find a police-con stable of the me tropolitan force in the road, Mr. Brain, Hackett, and another person dragged the prisoner to the sta tion-house, and he was locked up. The wounded girl was placed under the care of Mr. Sykes, a surgeon. There were two large and severe lacera tions on her instep and ankle, and she bled pro fusely. She uncovered her leg in court, and it was in a dreadful state. Mr. Brain assured the megistrote that he never saw such a cowerdly assault in his life. In answer to questions by Mr. INGHAM', Mr. Pasquin repeated the statement he made on Wednesday, and said his daughter had been married to the defendant fifteen month 3, and was obliged to come to her father and family for protection. The prisoner said there bad been family quarrels, and that bis wife had absconded from him. He went into Mr. Pasquin's room, and told bim he should leave the house, which he refused to do, and he merely dragged him to the door. Mr. Pasquin was intoxi cated. Mr. Pasquin declared he was quite sober. All he drank on Wednesday was half a pint of malt liquor. The other witnesses testified to the sobriety of Mr. Pasquin. The prisoner called two other witnesses. The only material fact proved was that one of them, at the in stigation of Mr. Pasquin, who is a very humane man, bailed the prisoner. Mr. IrrosAm said it was a shocking thing to set a dog upon any one. The prisoner then made a variety of charges against his wife and father-in-law. Mr. INGHAM said the prisoner was a ♦iolent, cow ardly, ill-conditioned man, and must be restrained. There was already another charge hanging over his head. He ordered that the prisoner should find bail to keep the peace towards Mr. Pasquin and his family for the next three months, himself in 801., and two sureties of 401. each. Mr. Pelham—lt must be good bail, if you please, Sir, for we intend to indict bim at the sessions. Mr. INGuem—Thel;i;OnerMust give good notice of the bail. He now stands committed. The Christian Journal says—The Scottish Epis copal Church is rapidly increasing in numbers and influence. In 1835 it numbered about sixty congregations; at present they are nearly double this. At Millport there is a college being erected, at great expense, under the patronage of the Hon. Mr. Boyle, the presumptive heir to the earldom of Glasgow —so that this place is likely to become the seat of an educational institution in connexion with Episcopacy, and probably the residence of the Bishop of the Isles in whose diocese it is. EAST KENT ROYAL DISPENSARY.--Yesterday afternoon a special general meeting was held at the Green Man Hotel, Blackheath. From the statement contained in the report it appeared that the charity was opened in 1783, and that the total number of patients admitted has been 199,654; of which there have been cured and relieved 164,642; poor married women delivered and attended at their lyings-in, 28,879; discharged for irregularities, &c., 668; died, 4.993; and there are now remaining under treat ment, 482. Of this number 69,281 have been visited at their own habitations. From the balance -sheet appended to the report it appeared that the receipts for the past year had been 7391. 48. 9d. ; and after all the necessary expenses had been defrayed there was left a balance in the hands of the treasurer of 82/. 3s. 6d. A resolution was agreed to, that the sum of 1,5001. be sold out by the trustees of the charity from the funds now standing in their names in the Three per Cent. Consols, for the purpose of effecting the purchase of Portland House for the use of the charity. THE SARDINIAN COAL MlNES.—Professor Abbene, of Turin, has published an analysis of the coal recently dis covered at Gonessa, in the island of Sardinia, from which it appears that it contains a large proportion of tar; that the inflammable gas it contains does not burn with sufficient clearness for the purposes of illumination ; but that the coke obtained is of excellent quality for steamers and loco- I motives. 12, 1851 THE SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH. The preparations for making another attempt to lay down a line of electrical communication at the bottom of the sea between the English and French coasts are rapidly progressing to completion. That it is possible to transmit a current of galvanic electricity from one shore to the other by means of an insulated wire deposited in the bed of the Channel was fully demon strated by the experiment of last year, unsuccessful as it was in permanently establishing the communi cation. The only question now remaining to be solved is, whether sufficient measures can be adopted to insure the connecting chain against the casualties which proved fatal to the project as originally designed, and according to the plan now finally determined upon there is every prospect of attaining the desired end. The essential conditions upon which the success of the undertaking have been shown to depend are, in the first place, that the conducting medium should be so securely isolated as to resist the pressure of the immense mass of water to which it will be subjected, a❑d should unite the flexibility requisite to allow of its being easily coiled and uncoiled with a strength and weight sufficient to enable it to retain its position at the bottom of the sea and to resist any ordinary violence from the natural action of the waves ; and, secondly, that the points on either coast to be connected should be so chosen that the line be tween them present no other causes of accident than have been foreseen and guarded against in the prepa ration of the connecting line, and that the effect of these be reduced to the least passible amount. The line of communication which is now being manu factured at Wapping will, it is expected, entirely ful fil the required conditions. It consists of four copper wires the thickness of an ordinary bellwire, cased in gutta percha, and twined with a correspond ing number of hempen strands steeped in a mixture of tar and tallow into a rope of about an inch diameter. Anotherstrand similarly prepared is wound transversely round this, and finally ten wires of gal vanised iron, about a third of an inch thick, are twined round this central core and form a solid and at the same time flexible casing. The whole, when thus completed, has the appearance of an ordinary 4i-inch metallic cable. The machinery by which this is effected is extremely simple, and the work proceeds, night and day, with the utmost regularity. A huge coil is thus being formed in one continuous piece at the rate of about 1 mile a day, and will finally at tain the length of 24 miles. Tne weight of the entire rope when finished, it is estimated, will be from 170 to 180 tons. From time to time, as the work proceeds, a gavanic current is passed through the wires and their conducting power is tested by a galvanometer. The results thus obtained have been hitherto highly satisfactory, and as the whole length is now nearly completed there is every reason to anticipate that the same success will attend the work to the end. Messrs. Crampton and Wollaston, the engineers who have undertaken to carry out the necessary mea sures for establishing the submarine telegraph, have recently been engaged in exploring the coast in the neighbourhood of Calais, for the purpose of selecting the most advantageous point towards which to direct the line of communication. In performing this task they have had the advantage of the experience of Captain Bullock, who is engaged in a survey of the Channel, and whose steam-vessel, the Fearless, has been placed at their disposal. The starting point on the English coast which has been fixed upon as the most advantageous, on account of the nature of the beach and the comparative freedom from the danger of ships anchoring in the immediate vicinity, is the South Foreland. The line will be conducted down a shaft practised perpendicularly in the cliff and along ashort tunnel, communicating with it at right angles, to the beach, where it is proposed to bury it at some consi derable depth beneath the shingle, to the lowest level of ebb tide. The spot selected on the French coast for similar reasons is situated about four miles to the south of Calais, near the village of Sanngate. The beach at this point consists entirely of sand, and a ridge of sandhills called dunes extends for a considerable distance along the coast, protecting the adjacent country from the inroads of the sea. The line will here be buried again to some depth beneath the sand, and on reaching the dunes the communicating wires will be continued underground to the telegraphic station at Calais, and brought into immediate communication with the network of tele graphic lines radiating from that point, and embracing the principal towns of the continent. The line from the South Foreland to Sanngate, although not the shortest that could be drawn between the two coasts, is that which presents the fewest chances of accident. The point at the two extremes are those were the low water mark is nearest the high, and the character of the bed of the Channel 13 ing between, as far as can be ascertained by careful soundings, offers no peculiari ties likely to affect the integrity of the conducting line. Every facility that could be given for establishing the connexion of the sub-marine wire with the tele graphic station at Calais has been granted with the greatest alacrity by the French Government, as well as by those persons whose local rights had to be con sulted before the line could be laid down, and, should the experiment prove successful as far as regards the transmission of the galvanic fluid across the Channel, the communication with Paris will be almost immedi ately established. FALKIRK SEPTEMBER TRYST. This great sheep and cattle market commenced yes terday ; at least an advertisement which appeared in Edinburgh and provincial papers led many English and Irish dealers to believe so, for a great number of buyers were on the ground at an early hour, in the expectation of finding a stock of sheep forward. At nine o'clock, however, there were not above half a dozen lots on the stance, although the parks in the vicinity were covered with them ; and from first to last during the course of the day not more than between 5,000 or 6,000 were shown. The annoyance and ad ditional expense which this misunderstanding has oc casioned to dealers from a distance is very vexatious. Some parties with whom we conversed had freighted vessels at the Brooinielaw for the purpose of convey ing to Ireland the stock which they calculated on being able to purchase yesterday ; but from the sheep not being forward they have been disappointed, and will rE quire to bang on for another day. It is very disagreeable at all times to reflect on the conduct of individuals, but in the present instance the mischief we have no h.sitation in saying has originated from the large holders, who for some reasons of their own secured the consent of other parties, by whose concur rence placards were posted up and down in the most con spicuous parts of the district, intimating that the sheep mark would not be held till Tuesday. The result of this has been to disappoint dealers unnecessarily ; for we believe, from the number of buyers forward yesterday that had the stock been exhibited a clearance would have been effected. There is moreover the further mischievous consequence that to-day (Tuesday) the cattle will be brought forward, and parties who at tended the last September tryst can have an idea of the confusion that must ensue. A repetition of such mismanagement could not but terminate in dealers getting disgusted, and the probable removal of this im portant market to some other place ; but we are glad to learn that some steps have been taken by the most influential parties connected with the tryst, by which the recurrence of similar misunderstandings will on future occasions be avoided. From the limited number of sheep shown yester day, and other causes, the prices which were obtained do not probably afford a criterion of what they will bring to-morrow, as many dealers who could not re main longer made their purchases from the few lots on the ground, which were all sold by four o'clock in the afternoon. As far as it is worth while quoting prices, it ap peared to be the opinion that Cue v iot e wes brougbt 2s. a head more than at last September tryst, and Cheviot wedders Is. a head of advance. The following are some of the principal lots thai changed hands : Mr. Shaw, Kincairn, sold a lot of 300 black-faced crock ewes at 10s. each, and a lot of wedders, same quality, at 175., both lots to a Yorkshire dealer. Mr. Harrison, Yorkshire, bought a lot of black-faced ewes at 98. 6d. A lot of half-bred Dinmonts, belonging to the Earl of Caithness, sold by his land steward, Mr. Hay, to Mr. Ritchie, Edinburgh, brought barely 235. Mr. R. bought a lot of Cheviot ewes at 14s. Mr. Swan, salesman, Edinburgh, sold a lot of three-year old Cheviot wedders, belonging to Mr. A. Dunbar, Scrabster, Caithness, at 275. each, and a lot of 400 two-year old Cheviot wedders at 21s. A lot of Cheviot ewes, belonging to Mr. Marcus Gunn, were sold to an Irish dealer at 18s. each, and another at 19s. A lot of Cheviot ewes, also belonging to Mr. Dunbar, were sold at 18s. by Mr. Swan; who sold a small lot of black-faced ewes from Perthshire for 10s. 6d. A lot of black-faced three year old wedders, from Logie Almond, Perthshire, brought 21s. 9d.; and a lot of year old Cheviot wedders sold by Mr. Ferguson, salesman, Edinburgh, fetched 16s. Mr. Kennedy, Dumfries, bought a lot o► black-faced ewes for 9s. 6d.; and Mr. Duncan, salesman, Glasgow, disposed of a lot of Cheviot ewes to an Irish dealer for 18s., and a lot of black. faced at 93, neither of the latter being first orth British Mail. [ADVERTISEMFINT.] -- Holloway's Ointment and Pills have successfully cured Ulcerous Wounds and dreadfully Swollen Limbs.—. Extract of a letter addressed to Messrs. Barnett Brothers, wholesale agents for Holloway's Pills and Ointment, Surinam. " Gentlemen,—l beg to inform you that I considered my son lost to society in consequence of swollen limbs and ulcerous sores with which he was severely afflicted. I had sacrificed large sums of money to doctors, who have afterwards told me that it was a hopeless case, but at last I tried Holloway's Pills, and the result has been so favourable that it has astonished all who had seen the deplorable state my son was in. (Signed) Joseph Machiel-e."—Sold by a ll Drug gists and at P ro f essor H o ll owa y's Establishment, 244, Strand, London. RUM FOR THB NAAT.—The Government contract for 50,000 gallons of rum for the navy Ina taken yeaterday by Mom. I.domou Hart and bon. THE COUNTRY MARKETS. „ BIP.MINGHAM, SEPT. 11.—At Gloucester and Worseiie, ter markets on the 6th wheat was lets pressed forw,.., but rather lower prices had to be submitted to for j u go ' i changed bands. There was a fair retail denlen°`.4 barl-y, at about previous prices. Old oafs scarce dearer; new, 6d to is per quarter lower. Bea us ,,,dy peas unaltered. During the present week he a t abew 0 th fa e ir transactions reported in wheat are in new, per quarter under previous rates. Barley, beano , p e g ' and oats, all taken in retail . At this day's market ;, , 7,ly a Good burl quite quite as th.ar. Egyptian offering at Is per quart er ., 05 Not much doing in oats; their value is unalterew beans and peas the turn was in favour of the seller. Jo, wseh,iecehixt.s cleared 90.16,11" NOTTINGHAM, SEPT. 10 —There was a lare E,L4 and a good attendance of buyers. Nearly all geld,nP:i; beef 6s; inferior 53 to 59 2d. Best small matte s al o large sd; inferior 4d to 40. Lambs 6i, Colo!. r id, 50. Pigs ss. Hides 2s. Roug h fat 39 6d. S'l l te 00 DERBY SMITHFIELD MARKET , SEPT. 9.---The aft, a full supply of tat beasts to day , with a la r g e the VI I auce of purcha , ers; high pr i ce s were aske d for ,060 things, but the supply being large prevented an o °. or in price, and most of the animals were disposed or., er atn.ep pens were well fflled with sheep aud l a mbs of cellent quality; the demand was good for the hero lily of mutton, but several lots remained u nsold ..ce. '" / pigs were about the average. Fat calves were if i s . r ig o Beet, 4,} i to sd; mutton, 5d to sied; lamb, 6d; " sd p et to Sid per lb; pigs, 7s per score; rough fa 3 ; 0 0 stone of 14Ibs; hides, lid to lid per lb; OA ° to 4d per lb. A 0.1 m SEPT. LYNN, 9.—Wheat 30s to 8414 '— gal '''" 4 b eans 2s ; boars to le s, b2arley fine eo Os 2 7 t s o , 0 fi ne p ne er o q os r ; . 385; oa t s 00s to Cat ‘ „,4 0 /_ . S UPPINGHAM, bleT. 10.—Wheat 3.5 s to "-- - per 27s Od ; oats 2's to 25s ; beans 31s to 34s per quo' . 4 " i: 30 lOicl to J Id per lb ; eggs 20 for Is m ' ofiut i oe beanst o .13 L:, .. 9 o os s u, ; : o : is x.i x,tt , orsa S z3 E , p 2) r i:rs T s.; . tplooe lo a.o os . - - 03 v irg; N ? ea el 10.—Wheat is a t e t py , 3e4or r so s e q . d tr0.t 3 03 0 890 8 o t 5. 0 ; barley 0 oats, 15r, 2 ,1 0 . Ls . go 1 0 6: oats 19s to 225; beans 28s to 33s per qr. ' or , - - .0. NEWARK, SEPT. 10.—Wheat, old white 38sto 44S,L i i n g P -425, old red 35s to 375, new 37s to 40s; harl e Y o 'r, oe,,if 1 to 275, grinding 22s to 245 ; oats, old 245 W l ire . - ' D7' to 21s Od ; beans, 32s to 34s ; malt, 541 to 5 6 " 36s per qr. 55 , MELToN MOWBRAY, SEPT . Wh t oi. new 37s to 40 s • barley, old . 25; to 27 e s s ' ne wu to 2sl3 :l t e rt:l oats, bold 25s to 275, new ' lBs to 2 . 1s • beans ' Ns - , gutter 11d to 12d per lb ; eggs 20 to ' 22 for 15. b i d a 4 coae n op ß ilrrl nA.itehtaedhviNe.teaTiSEPT. o . - "f e l sold_L, " average 'ln han i g O e i a :n e r b fßk aui l Kte ps a s t ht p E af e t rba n m orm to day.e ua a w nt r t il k et b e eh t : ; , o °o 2f u r b o gl ic e : , ; : lia. e or tntb t ; egf i r ti 'ece i p o l er c I r.#0 1 : 0 :4 :111: .o io n r ßa t tih o leey la too st np y ti e ts s e r 4 ' t s do . f alOnsda6tdtshdegoawvavnee,ragwal istbeqsarosilooo. Beans on the asgwiw;3oueeseaerpuEd.nyrawpree. n p ha l ar ys l mar i ldl gioi lTaunt : ofttefh u osl eiphgeendr a rrsuig o gauepeio i EDINBURGH ednrGrfii top the same as last week. Unsold -"I'' 232 qrs barley. 196 qrs oats, and 5 qrs b 5 ria Odd Top of Wheat ~ Barley ...... ''' '' 55ilb. r y. . 41 ~ Oats ... ... .. 44 lb. 4 '" Od ,• Beans ••• ••• ... . .67 lb. 388 ,060 0141 A EDINBURGH CATTLE MA I4LT il - CPT. i t ,,, 1 5, 0 03 4 , 1 01 of cattle was 408, or 29 less than last t week. I v rueel irl 10 ; t 1i. c to urrent, Cs to Us 6d ; secokdary and inferior, c a - 1 0 6s Od per Dutch stone. A few -ft were fogioo, The number of sheep and lambs this n. t ia l 0 1 6,421, being 1,430 fewer than last week. vs'" o - 4 .A O5 but prices underwent no alteration from tbc' se k - e b ed i nii k Lambs sold readil at fll • Blaelv -- to prices. . 4d , 6 0 brought 50 per lb • C y, ' u s heviot wedders 5d • ew e ",4l to ' fl i and down to 30. Lamb, , ' ' onto .--- o 1 top, 18s 6d ; curt . ~.., to . black-faced top, 115 6d ; current, 7s to BE, and de" head. Barrels. CO ll4' o l vie r's o 5 0 72 White wheat 15s 9d to 18 3 Od 001 9 4° nix • 58 Red wheat 14s Od to 15s 6d vv- CORK, SEPT. 10. 81 Ditto lss 6d to 16s Od 87 Ditto l6s Od to 17s Od 16 14) 95 Barley Os ° 9 Bere ...... 9s 2d to Os Od /AO 475 Oats 465 Ditto 305 Ditto 9s Od to 103 Od o de ' l6 0 Pigs Otis Od to OOs Od u'" Quantity sold at the Highest Prices:. .10 22 barrels white wheat; 12 red ; 0 barley; 2 0 pigs. hi 1 t W ee 0 , Quantity of Grain and Number of Pigs O.- is fie Whew, 1,761. Barley, 408. Oats, 4,71 1 . PRICES OF BUTTER. cf. 6/ / CANT. MINOS ,.,. 0 os First quality . ......... 75s First quality •• "... ..... Second quality Third quality . .. €9s Third quality ••• .. Fourth quality Fifth quality .... Sixth quality 421 Sixth quality c .•••;;F,.. Return of Cattle sold for week ending 'll. Pigs, 301. Sheep, 339. Cogs/ ',s 0,40 Cosx.—Flour—First Its 6d to 12s 6d; *L A sl l O seconds, 10s Od to Ils Oil; households Si to lOs Od; `1,(41`, 1 40 per cwt. Oatmeal 11 sto 00s Od; Indian meal 6s 9clte ips '741 meal, Ps to 108 Od per cwt. Indian corn 61M to 1 ;007;0 ton. Bran 70s to 72s 6d per ton. Hay—Farmers It % F ....L i11- 0A 24s ; dealers 50s to 00s Od; average 00a per ten. tp 6d 12s Od to 25s Od; average 18s; dealers 2 7 ,5,:i Od D ia is 0 average 00s Od per ton. Bread—Wheaten 7,0 household loaf 4id to 5d per 41b. Fresh CAPO 9d per lb. Eggs-4s ei to 4s 10d per hunu,7o;; Swirl:tort 14s Ord ; Lydney 15s ; Landore per 121 6d per ton. Tallo w 38 1 Od to s _fija, a 0 Whisky, 25 0. p., 55 9d per imperial r; s l 1. 11 1 —Beef bid to Id ; mutton 5d to 61 1 __„,, j ; bats 6d ; pork 4d to Od ; bacon 6d to 7d ; saussei„l Hops 61108 to 010 s per cwt. Bangor slates 31 21 ""04 t e, ton. Bark—Barbary 710 s to Os; Valonia 15iS s , per ° ,FO 61 Os ; Spanish 0/ per ton. Fleece Woo l l4s to .""" 19s S ° Hemp 291 to 32/ per ton. Fish—Scotch herrings & o f to ditto, 26s to OOs per barrel ; Newfoundland, 1 ".11C4 1 „,/,, ton. Timber—Memel, 80s per ton; red pine , u" 9. OF ditto, 21 15s per ton; deals, 1-s to 151 per I ° 6 ; orp - ' l O O5 Market 21s to 30s; salted 22s to LOB per old; . ylp 3d to 3id per lb. Potatoca, white 4 0 81 1 00d to 00d. Guano—Peruvian, 11/ 10s ; leh au " . " per ton. Tar—Archangel, 19s per barrel. RAILWAY SHARE MA-- BRISTOL S 11. atinfae STOCK EXCHANGE.—The , share ErT. market co liel da l tremely inactive. The only transaction reported o" Great Western (Original Stock), 76 3 / 4 . LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 11. opene d STOCK EXCHA NtiE.—The share market Oe n ,. morning, at higher prices ; towards noon, howe ve 7 o o6 dined, and more business was done. The trs 1 1, 0 060 0 A(161 as follow :—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 4 9 % — mr ,SiS i stel North-Western, New Quarters, 134 p.--Blanelw"7 4 y' and Lincolnshire, Preference, 11 1 ,x--Midlan d, Halves, 19% dis.—South-Eastern and Dover, 19 '' MANCHESTER, Barr. 11. of 'pi STOCK EXCHANGE.—There was a fair aln°'w o cr o ,o ness done to-day, and prices had an unward te nde transactions were as follow :—East Lancasbitodoo 0 11 %,"a v 13 13-16—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 49 e - basto r t oi North-Western, New Quarter!, 2% p.—Ditto , 13 1 1# Birmingham Quarters (C), 1 5 p.—Manchest,li SOP- Matlock, and Midland, '2 l 4—Midland, 44 1 A -- -1 0 „ ° " shire, 9;4 dis.— South -Eastern and Dover, 1 9 * BIRMINGHAM, SEPT. 1 1 . A 'PP" STOCK EXCHANGE. The business transacted 0, to-day was of no public importance. lORNE LS the Gen esi itch.] Pi signifies that the mi by the night—and M by Ms are sent from he morning—disps j W nen made up in PLACES. General Poet-office. London. Froin Vr• -- pi ort hed* diP tC 1 1 1 Ser;_st LiverPww - , seP'• 0 • LiverPO' t .. SouthiaaP 06. soDDPlooyuvv:nerer:tbp oci. octeolpti.o Soatusw.", set); son tharaP•: 0ct..0 plyinollti l. set' 90 DoVer 900._ South t. sout kimp, Al southaio,- 0 DOVOT sept 0, Dover • plelh,rill London *: 1 4 ,00 , 1 ;6 - Louden gito.oll, Soutliarny , sap t.l SontllolT, soot'Dover is B;r7rampitt... south:o o r - . 4 1 1 Bey Dom Ser, 10 11 Dover . Dover t . Sol t" § SoutbanaPt. oct. SolithaiDP 600.9'0 Dover • t . SonthsmPo Sed,ovian(oth):o:l)..too 5 trAltai 7, 7 . 0 t 1 , D o t loan Pee" t " . America (by Brit. pkt.)N . Sept. 15 .. America (by U.S. pkt.) N Sept. 16 .. •• America (by U.S. pkt.) M Sept. 17 .. .• Africa (West coast).. Nll4th of the month Alexandria* N 1191.11 & 30th of mo. BelgiumN~Daily• .. • • Brazil .. • .. 11;9th of the month Buenos Ayres • • .. 14;9th of the month California(viaChagres)k2d & 17th of month Cape of Good Hope *l4th of month Constantinople* N 7th 17th 27th of mo Central America .. 2d& 17th of mon. Channel Isles .. .. Njhfon., Wed., & Frl. Chili Bl l l7th of the month France .. & *Twice daily .. Greece* •• •• Nlth 17th27thofmo Hamhurgh *Tuesday & Friday Holland M Wednei. & Satui. Honduras .. . N 17th of the mouth Ireland .. M& N; Twice daily .. India (via Southamp.) M 20th of the month India (via Marseilles) N 7th& 24th of month Mediterranean (via Southampton) .. M 20th of the month Mediterranean (via Marseilles) Nlth& 24th ofmonth Mexico .. M 2d of the month.. Madeira .. .. 9th of the month Malta* ,77.h,17th,19t1a,27th I . & 30th of month Naplea* 15th 25th ofme Papal States* 1 5 t1115th25th ofmo Peninsular.. •• 7th 17th 27th of mo Peru •• •• •• •• M 17th of tho month Tuscany* N i sth lath 25th ofmo West Indies .. M 17th of the month West Indies (except Havana & Nassau) M 2d of the month .. * The mails to those c ountries thus mark French packet via Marseilles- CALIFORNIA.—MaiIs to and from California, are now despatched and Lae by every Amerio P... Sir Henry Buiwer transacted bu l io°6l Foreign-office yesterday. BIRTHS. OF A SON. R • L. o°3 ll l s ilf On the Bth inst., at Bath, the Hon. liirs.,--• • On the 7th inst., at Aston Rectory, near Stevan' IP • Mo.— a. So lt , the wife of the Rev. G. A. Oddie. At Croonas-hill, Greenwich, on the Bth OF A DAUGHTICL On the 9th inst., at Hollesley Rectory in : the Rev. H. J. G. Young. ts 2"fri. Cie° On the 9th inst., at Chipparfield-house, ger , Tire Skinner. of v A d.r MARRIED. , w a iler, 'yrlr On the 9th inst., at Aqhtead Church, N. Riding' 0 0° Masongill-house, Thornton-in-Lonsdale Wot o f Th shire, to Julia Parker, the youngest 'daughter i trtb° Parker, Esq., of Asht d S •ea , Surrey . —, u are4bili , On te 9th inst., at St. George's, Hanoyern bar, or Owen Lord, late Captain, 72d Highlanders, t° Ems, °' youngest daughter of the late Henry Taylor , _...........„. , Sut;o-lk, the 14 ; Madras Civil Service. ,Walt.l3- .."e' --f. _____—.....................---- cb„ DIED.y-10 1 h ssicroo O tHn n s etFtnhhureeys Fusilier e h t ihre i tG n ci s hun t eas ., rtr.,d a , t the oak I e y Arms Hotel. North Wales, William Thornton Tho:bpson, Evq" srae* 0 .0 • On the Oth inst., 00 B s a ' a ta t r L A . ,e s wa h gi l se e hd y a - 4 : 4 3 ... ark, 1 , 1 Black heath. C" W. Walker, Esq., late of the Paymaster-General's-0.1701A rot On the 10th inst., at Tollington-park, 1 1 ° r11 ,., s f eY tbe 0 1° W. Wade, eldest son of Thomas Wade Escl' Messrs. Wade and Son, Fenchurch-stsie London : Printed and Published by bII3RD9 g „, 1.10., 11 01; , - sNtor.and, in th 112, Strand, oet Printer, reein " at The Se e • thm .), — ; 00 03 ' of t h e savor. in Ilkiclialex' Friday, September 12, ISO* 0 Th iottrn tle s lßht totK, Kean SI LA, Z 1 No 01 nib 113 bit ov er , t itol tl ,to ctir e , ./ac k , 44, 1