The Sun. — London, England, 1845-01-29 00:00:00

kanor. a picture allery fcet in lenh or the c aption chi e fl y of gportrtlils of the most eminent men re- of the Present day. Ifis present collection of pictures at the manor is already among the largest, if not the fists of cf modern date in this country and it is constantly °cull; extended. The ntw gallery will be fitted up in the richest mariner valth carved oak and polished marble, 11 .1 , preparing. FLANDERS MAIL. (RE CEIVED THIS DAY.) Illicrss;Ls, Jeri. 25.—The general discussion of the Kluget of the Minister of the Interior has been conti ilued to-day in the Chamber of Representatives. Messrs. lloffschraidt,Verhaegen, and the Ministers of Finance and e ?la bile Works successively addressed the Chamber ; the ate3t of the sittin 2 was taken up with explanations re r r t pe sena witt ters. . e„,r Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess . of n --".4e Cobonrg will leave the Royal Palace of Lacken on b.tionday evening, at six o'clock, by a special train, for valenetennes, and arrive at Paris the following day. h.lietters from Vienna, of the 18th January, say that Is of th e Ri n ; laighne-s Duke Ferdinand of Saxe Cobourg, brother tut, 1 of the Belgians, father of the King of Por- VI I " B t., who resides in this capital, has been for some for his ill, and that even fears were entertained -Ot his life- Expresses have been sent to the sons of th gnat patient, at Paris and Lisbon ; Prince Leopold, 1' Yontgest son, is the only member of his family now with him. tens ttas that the traffic on the railway, which is _in t:: to_d by the falling of the earth in Tun e n e el e s t . Itelf..P.tch, will not be resumed so soon h as expasste: ger ‘ s ires sae been taken to convey goods a n d r rep a i r A°ther means till the tunnel shall be cleared and toetiI,4IBTANTINOPLE, JAN. B.—The negotiations relative E e transit of English letters and passengers through lets at length brought to a conclusion, by a con lets be uetween Mehemet Ali and Mr. Bourne % whieh a nd • e ,n lent to the London Post. office for ratification, _ A e : to be in force for five years from MaX,elcBo4ns: It riltilliigartotietshe conditions of this convention th ru t ; . b eing, on the one hand, the Eg il y d pt t ia h n e Nish n°l4PanY, founded by Mehemet Ali, a . %re to b e - ' 3o ..office on the other, the English Mail bags Perri h„ aett led for the sake of security, and accom he f e wrey . , 4 ll e 'neer of the English Post• office, and to t, i , °l4 41 by i r Rgyptian Company, and at its expense, „,' Alex eX-11"'La to Suez, in 58 hours and from Suez andria ; tabout 't, 'II 52 hour.. Fort igyptian pound r ' weight 07inreitich francs) are to be y paid for every poun Pao.. "C,1511 letters, and five paras fur every news % „... • vell ers t hou tia ra 1, throuh . Post -office engages to forward tra it eOlo tot , id , as speedily and safely as the means at the snail permit. The latter to have the right, ste t ,: do not wish to go by the Egyptian Post.effi e c r e cao43,4llfretn Alexandria to Cairo, to take any t oth IleYptitthee they think proper ; but it is reserved the het iveeo" t e 2 tlinPanY to provide alone for the conveyance 81.44b1 i ncrea ses and Suez. This monopoly which co 1411,4 Lthereases the expense of the travellers, Me trothe b.„,,,,,'',i Rrants to his company only because he says „.7,vviters could not otherwise be duly protected desztt:lle inconveniences they might meet with in the beorawittlichtilTthhreotgrahnsit dues on all goods, the conveyance EgYpt is confided to the Post-office, Vel e it, ,efrelght, are reduced to one-half per cent. of the .h c 'tiltae e8:'It(1 of ht, per cent, fixed by the English-Turkish of d.r.,141 treaty in 1 843, a concession which chews of hia vairo uo ii D o " A'Aft.ehelllet All is to promote the advantage . 4114 n e ed c'. °l fine, but which will be nearly counter Y increased charges for iage. bl:TeII FUN DS.—AmsTEIL DAbf carr , J. 24. . ' Money. 81113. 6434 64N •-••- • • • • ••••• • • • • • 781 i 79 9834 99 ''• • * •' ' ' 99 , 4 1C034 ••• • : 92% 93 147 , 4 147 N, Aetna' D ebt, 2% per Cent toltto, Ditto 4 p e r Cent • • ' per Cent.... • i bitto, 5 per Cent.— • • • • •• 4.4110 rt Syndie, 4,P per Cent.. CoDitto, 3% per Cent • **** "•" • " _ ,vnnereial Corn an ' cent • • 20 ,tallt Ind! Loan,P4 per Center. • • I-2 15 24eltangeott Londor, one month 12 Two months • * 81 At sight. ...... ••—•'• • • • • • 35 36 On Ilainburgh •••••• ' • • • • • 35 ___ Two month s.• ..... •••• • • • • _ On Paris .......... ••• " • --- %..bnitit Papers, ja Tir fr tonths. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21. AITSTRIA,7 Ft:Q.:DB.—VIENNA, JAN. .. 111 3 4 Per Cent. Metalliques. ..... ........ .... 4 Der Cent. ditto • • • ..... • ' • ' • • • ...... Loan 3 per et. ditto.... •• • ....... • • ***** • , 1834 ....... .. . • • • • • • • • " Ditto, 1839 .• • .. 10 7 1 . ,i Dank ` ...... ...... ~,. -.of Shares ........, , ..... ••••—•• • • • • • • ~4110,, Z4terhazy's Lon a ... . ..... • • •• —•— • • • meine a=llllllg, Jam. . 24. • 41GIA1`1 ICXDS.—Barssns, JAN" 25•___ Actual Debt, 2% per cent • • • • " " " " • • Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent •••• • ' • • 98% L ott of Thirty Ilillions, Four per cent. •• • _ Ditto Three per Cent • • • ........ .••• • • • 13140 Thirty-seven minions, ditto • • • • • ' , Ditto, ditto, 1840. ...... ••• • • • ..... • Ditto, ditto, 1842 • •"•• • • • • thllDitto of the City. 1843 • • • ....... • 0, 1832 • • •• '• • • • • • ' • " ..... .• • • 4111..,.. tank of liehlurn ••• • • . - --`4 l'aPtra Jrui7. 27. FitI:SSIAN" F LTXDS.—B Eaux, J AN . 21. 8i115. 2- money. 00% 994 774 ... 103% ... 102% ... 103 610 LF1.01111,1 Sell., 3% per Cent... •• -*- - ,11., , i agollsh nonds, IS3o, 4 per Cent 6 24% mOttlalinrufseiann klzttl:, janna.ogis • • • . v 1, 5e........„ ...........„............_ aof Strand t o 41,14 lAp op Eußopt. __fir- wyl,,, the e for the 4.,44te, all travellers owe a debt of gratitud his nu kerea,e3 with which routes are laid down in map of eeetralpt,ahlicatiens, has just sent forth a post engraved, ad kot 111.°Pe on ' a large scale, beau+ iful 1 ) It, etiP with such care, that reliance caneh putease and dill b,"l6tances and bearings calculated with packet routes, Ice are The posts, roads, railways, c upon though the,Ne all distinctly marked and laid down, and almost ire ve tsther of lines and the number of names are t 1 set tiat, that e, they are Sowell defined and so clearly with %i ll ~ Ilt all confusion is avoided. The inquirer, d _ ma 14,1:1,444 before him, can plainly trace to r t oa upon welled, relyich he may design ra etv 'ust no. t iee O f eeta, Pareive distances and form aJ The holes of bat is the best route for his progress. bold re iittfrek.the Places of importance stand out in_ d thus at Cake tee others of less consequence, an of ar ~,, `ue positions of the great cities and towns lines aye(l;ore commanded by the eye. The meridian from etreduced, and the Sn a p is, therefore, freee are, bewel.eattery breaks in the surface ; the degrees longitudinal ki d lee,' tearlted on the sides, so that the if it be Ike ktd hlal b • easily be calculated, Nap . earings may pok Y.---Tonet. Committee of t!le Pstl(lNlllca.Les.---The Lords of the considers. Ilea ter enneil for Trade having had under con d s to the N a al r!present t. addressed to them an vegetables to of t i, , a 10113 . of ,r the ge reasury from the importers consumption, I.PurPose of pickling them for home nt.ad e %he (I nt g a continuance of the duty of 5/. percent. Ntele,Lll rew vegetables not otherwise enu m erated, for the tUrpost:%la _salt and Water, or slightly saltedL rdshipe tteo apt 01 alt pickled in this country, their o ms to Skite horiEed the duimrnissioners of the Customs e ar, rlopti•ortduction of OO pickles preserved in vingm. ell'lrtstionbdng With that made last session on the i ls. 6d. Nl4 °F the article of vinegar itself, viz., from le kitPergellon, and to levy upon vegetables preserved_v.z , Miler°the d uty eh hers so preserved, 1 oen, • arge on Cucumbers have been to ',_ ad valorem. These applications t n con- Litiee,,.. the Treasury and Board of Trade 1 orities L 'utee t i 7, of an 'order issued by the Customs auth were 17.74 ece %hide, that cauliflowers in salt and water and e tk, et ilt,iriti with dut s " Pickies t " Gd, per galierl% AN-net-, Aes 8 it/Ipin% to be charged accordingly, 4tietut*Terwise rated, such as citron, cucumbrersynacoc.. ,I,lot te‘rtiff being so construed in theirregathdriespePet ertio,"e.Practice. previously observed with ys i n t ht e.,_ question. Viscount Non hi:4ltt SECRETARY FOR IRELAND.-- n the ti todi pre refused the Secretaryship of Ireland, r 0 00 l in ef,tleeioa°,tth,l3', of not wishing to Plunge er L-it s e eLlance 144th thetha:tnett:llt is now saki with 3 Thomas cv Fiemantle has ttaloeffereti 11.1ght Hon. Sir .. Robert Peel. We Feel' tit appointment by Sir Sir Robezt Ostoait et w i bat an express was forwarded to . Thomas dudeed_relser Cat evening, from Sir all specu te"'„.o that a fewesthours will set at rest s p._ °iNa9 pc4ll_3 accepting of the Irish Secretary hi ne,„ Pe . fine 4‘14,,,,, '"Il UT A Doc ---On Saturday last, a 1 nd le:4 etnd valuabl .bl k dog, of the Newfound a t ote ~ ho ots . eac Holmfirth, it., entt,d :tglng to kr. Floyd, Solicitor, . which 4'1,4,4 at tiltstiteide by drowning itself in the river which some thlktki tt,,,ieuesaek of its owners habitation. F than thr o ' out oti the animal seemed less animated noticed to Ar e * hi lt ~ Pls particular occasion he was . t . e i . _ • set. into to sink 0). tlrjrnri. the water and esuleayour Being ti • it t , ti, pe stillness of the legs and feet.for k!litit`ge, bNE feete stream, the dog was tied up . 4teeed%had to sooner been released than he again ill dot the water and again tried to sink, and was ki ll tt '44. This d many times, until at NI e kni . oceurre get weedatitt,d real with repeated efforts appeared to * 4 ; "4 bdint of keeping his head determinedly jut hiller fora few minutes succeeded at last in oh -le7,lt„ti tleod,Jeet, for when taken out this time he was , isep, The case • h d . as affording -4111 proof els wprt or ding, . e t of the Leo Nee -'`-17 dg" . eral nestinet and sagacity kii;111181,„,, ee $ Ihielligenctr. te,.4til 11","' TO THU LAST / Sir dame s Graham's " 1 ''' Fur • *-- t Health tutto, edleal ,1:10se to !ippoint a "Council o ali t t :11's :_t4,.r-olltietition,' to consist of the following ho t illeree fro ear Iroln England, four from Scotland, too, trtaeta Ireland. Bravo ! Even this affair could 14 kikti, ofe!I without some intolent and most gratin etti N em s Inferiority for Ireland. Because we have thi ta titi ot , 44 Surgical School which stand in European k ti itrei it „Much h i t goer than any in these countries, 444, 7 1 . 144 one member less in the Council than Veo t l !t ter e"en Scotland ! Bravo 1 we say again. IN Mehl,uess ingenuity these Ministers have in in kkAvftte L kients for reptalers 1--Dublin Pilot ttj I,,lktto,,ltOrt Fltou ALLEGED VIOLENCE AT k Creche' thyvi:".„9ll Tuesday a long inquiry took place *NIL 'plant Carter the Coroner for East Surrey, to '4614 .°' Gioucestertirav U • Newing -4,N, ye ah ttng th e death of ern, ,Union-row. fifty. ttii 4. 1,N w ho it was alle Mar garet 4onec violenceageddfit LtitelN,4 .ttsbat,d, ..__,_ . 3 lied had died :oni The ),,,s,„ thh,„,„t rop es _1 .. nog , in ti...tody. . 4 I ‘}', t: t h'istr tad La ame evidence adduced eitt;4llk 0 e„; .t. of Lambeth l'olice-eourt, on teo ti _ . le. „.. crier called bib.. Barnard Bodily, of ho (ralworth-road, one of the parochial sur- ZNZlttioa,lls;l3BM that he had made a poA mortem i';iskttil/42tse, el.„. et.betlY. There were no external marks j . 7: th,: 14 ll'illg tbe marks of a recent blister. The i!,,t'ke.teiele; ° f the 441 effusion of lymph and water fs,, t likotl!t)g dis°,l_tehe brain, which was the result of ~tt.a,, kre.ll.tijor,_ a statet at all attributable to an se tr i 1 44411 the of the brain might arise Vtleto,;',4,le", bb,„ :Xeitercent. The jury returned a - eitit ,!‘vell t"Le natural caustss." t,; 4 111 i ' ow ismustorl 't' ' iatut bit t , 'is f my,lor the supposed murder otk of the °under of the schools fur the general 3 e tte tt, ll_ Poor, situate ill Pet place, Great 'cgth. LONDON AND YORK RAILWAY. authority of the most eminent engineers of the day, that it will effect any saving of time—in fact, the distance gained is mostly, if not entirely, gained between London and Peterborough. In order to understand this part of the case clearly it ,3hould be viewed solely with reference to a direct communica tion between London and York, that is, irrespective of branches, regarding the main line.from London to York on the one hand, and the direct extension of existing lines on the other. The direct line from London to York will be 188 miles. Its cost (of this main line alone), in the esti mation of the most eminent engineers, cannot be less than the whole of their assumed capital of 5,000,0001. The extension of the Northern and Eastern line from Cambridge to the York and North Midland at Monk Frysbone, will be 132 miles, the cost 1,950,0001. It should be borne in mind that to complete the chain of railway communication between Ipswich, Harwich, Colchester, Stowmarket, Bury St. Ed mund's, Newmarket, and Cambridge, a line must be made from Cambridge to .Peterborough ; whilst from the north, to give the desired communication between the manufacturing districts and Lincolnshire, a line must also be made from Bawtry to Lincoln ; there would still be wanting a line from Lincoln to Peter borough, to perfect the entire chain of railway com munication ; and that line must be made in order to accommodate the heart of Lincolnshire. viewed as an extension of the Northern and Eastern Railway, or es a natural and proper line whereby the Northern, MJland, and Eastern Counties, may be connected with each oth er , or as f orm i ng a connectin,g link between the various railways, of which Cam bridge, St. Ives, Peterborough, and Lincoln w ill be the respective centres, or as part of a cheap and in dependent line of railway between the mAropolis and the north, or as connecting the ports of the eastern coasts and the metropolis with the markets, manu factures, and coal-fields of the north, it presents, from its non-interference with existing interests, and the small cost at which, from the nature of the district traversed, it may be made, maintained, and worked, advantages of paramount national importance, and will afford a greater amount of public accommoda tion, for the outlay of capital, than any existing or projected railway. It has, moreover, the cordial sup port of the Eastern Counties and Midland Companies, who see in it the direct and cheap extension of their own important lines of railway communication, and who have mutually entered into an arrangement with the promoters of the Cambridge and Lincoln line, which, whilst in every other respect it leaves each company perfectly free and independent, provides in the tnost complete manner for the regulation and for speedy and cheap transit of the traffic over the entire line from London to York. The time occupied in the journey from London to York, including stoppages, will not exceed seven hours, and the cost of transit will be less than by any railway which can be con structed between the same termini.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, OBSERVER. Jan. 27, 1845. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—The Times of the 24th inst. contained az advertisement on the part of the London and Yoik Railway Company directing the attention of its readers to a statement of the merits of their under taking to be published in Herapath's Rail way Journal of Saturday last; that statement, as embodied in a leading article of the journal, headed London and York Railway, is now before the public, and deserves the most serious consideration on the part of those who have embarked their money in any one of the various projects for accelerating the communication between the metropolis and the north. I am surprised that the writer of the article in ques tion should have felt it difficult to enter on a matter of so much importance as a new line of railway to Yolk, when he was able to demonstrate so clearly as be has done the necessity which exists for a new line of railway. east of the existing lines, to accommodate the extensive and productive district lying to the north of Cambridge ; his difficulty was not to demon strate the necessity for such new line of railway, but to show that the project of the London and York was the one best adapted for the purpose ; this was the difficulty with which he had to grapple, and that he felt it to be no inconsiderable one is clear from the candid admission he afterwards makes, viz.—" We could have wished, and so we have repeatedly said in this journal, and to the promoters of the London and York line privately, that it had started from Cam bridge or Ware, and gone into the York and North Midland at Burton Salmon." I freely admit that a new line of railway to the east of the existing lines north of Cambridge is re quired, and I could wish, with the writer of the article in question, that it should start from Cambridge and go into the York and North Midland. I never could see why the new line should start from London and terminate at York—why an immense outlay of capi tal should be made and important existing interests be most deeply and injuriously affected; for objects which can be much better attained at less than halt the cost and without detriment to any interests ; it is a case which more than any other demands the dispas sionate consideration of an impartial tribunal, and I am confident that no array of names, no extent of in fluence, no tact in getting up deputations or memo rials, will operate on the minds of the Railway Com missioners of the Board of Trade, or withdraw their Again I must refer your readers to the map; they will perceive at a glance that there must be one line of continuous railway from Bawtry, by Lincoln, through the heart of Lincolnshire, by Peterborough and Cambridge, to London, and I am sure, if they are not Proprietors in the Witham Navigation, or unfor tunate Shareholders in the London and York, they will acknowledge that another new, expensive, and entirely competing line from Bawtry to London can not be justified on any ground of national importance, and cannot hold out any reasonable prospect of return to the Proprietors. The third point of inquiry in the memorandum issued by the Board of Trade is, as to the amount of advantage afforded to the towns and districts more immediately affected. If we take up the London and York line from its London terminus, and trace the route to Peterborough in connexion with other existing and projected lines, we find that the towns and districts which it would accommodate may be otherwise provided for at much less expense, and, consequently, to their much greater advantage Hitchin and Biggleswade may be accom modated by the Eastern Counties projected extension from Ware to those places ' Bedford by the projected branch to that town from the London and Birming ham Railway; St. Neot's and Huntingdon by the projected line from Ely to Bedford, which will inter sect the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lincoln at St. Ives ; Peterborough, by the Cambridge and and Lincoln line ; proceeding northwards from Peter borough we find that Stamford will be accommodated by the Syston and Peterborough line, and the branch from the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lincoln, uniting it with its ancient natural port of Spalding; Newark, by the projected extension line from Not tingham to Lincoln, leaving Grantham the only place of any note which will not be accommodated by lines actually projected and now under the consideration of the Board of Trade; surely no man in his senses will say that a parallel and competing line of railway from Bawtry to London is required for the accom modation of Grantham, which might be united by a branch to the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lin coln line. COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, TUESDAY.--The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual early walk in the grounds adjoining the Cast!e and in the Home Park this morning. On the return of her Majesty and the Prince his Royal Highness left the Castle on a shooting excurson in the royal preserves, accompanied by the Marquis of Douro, and attended by Mr. Anson, Colonel Bouverie, and Captain Meynell. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, were taken for walking and pony exercise this morning. His Royal Highness Prince Alfred has also been taken an airing to- day. The Right Hon. Sir R. Peel left the Castle early this morning for town, and returned this evening to dinner. The Marquis of Ormonde has relieved Viscount Sydney from his duties as the Lord in Waiting on the Queen, and Major-General Sir Frederic Stovin has succeeded the Hon. Nelson Hood as the Groom in Waiting on her Majesty. In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Albert walked out for some time. attention from the real merits of the case, and a just appreciation of the many important interests involved in it. In the memorandum issued by the Board of Trade The Marquis and Marchioness of Douro, Lady Peel, the Hon. Amelia Murray, and Lucy Kerr, took an airing in a carriage and four this afternoon. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady Fanny Howard, and the Countess Wratislaw, joined the royal circle at dinner. The band of the Royal Horse Guards wa3 in attendance during dinner. Her Majesty's private band afterwards attended at the Castle. - - to the public several points were enumerated as those into which inquiry would be made. It may not be unprofitable to your readers, at least to that portion of .them who are interested in the question, to advert to those points, and to consider in how far the scheme of the London and York Company is calculated to satisfy the inquiries of the Board of Trade. The first point is as to the ability and bona fide in- The Chairman of the South Sea Company and the Deputy Chairmen, Messrs. Franks and B u uverie, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official residence in Downing-street. Mr. Roebuck, M.P., had an interview with Lora Stanley yesterday, at the Colonial-office. Sir Robert Peel arrived in town yesterday, from Windsor Castle. Sir Thomas Fremantle, the Earl of Dalhousie, the Right Hon. H. L. Corry, and the Hon. Sidney Herbert, had interviews with the Right Hon. Baronet. In the afternoon Sir R. Peel left town, on his return to Windsor Castle. _ _ tention of the promoters to prosecute their application to Parliament in the next session' for a Bill to autho rise the undertaking. I will assume, as I have no doubt is the case, that The loop from Bawtry by Gainsborough, Lincoln, Boston, and Spalding, to Peterborough on the one hand, and to Sheffield and Wakefield on the other, is designed to connect Lincolnshire with the manufac turing and mineral districts. The writer in the Journal in reference to this loop says—" Its great merit appears to be, that it furnishes a direct commu nication north and south fur the chief towns of Lin colnshire and at the same time affords them the means of sending their produce to the largest markets, and furnishes an outlet for the extensive manufactur ing districts through and to which the Manchester and Leeds, and Sheffield and Manchester Railways go; we look, therefore, upon the line, without the loop, to be an imperfect work, and but very indiffe rently filling up the great chasm left, or we may rather say made, by the establishment of the present railways. That the line, without the loop, would be imper fect, every one must admit—whether the loop will give the most direct and the cheapest communica tion between Lincolnshire and the Manchester and Sheffield and Manchester and Leeds Railways, and whether it will afford that accommodation to the traf fic between Lincolnshire and the manufacturing and mineral districts which its great importance demands, are questions of serious moment, and it behoves those who have embarked their money in the London and York scheme to ponder them well. Facts and figures are stubborn things. As I have before stated, the London and York Company, with a view to connect the manufacturh'g districts with Lincolnshire, propose to make the following branch railways, viz.— From Bawtry to Sheffield . From Doncaster to Wakefield l9 mi'es. the ability and bona fide intention of the promoters of the Bill to prosecute their application to Parlia ment in the next session, is unquestionable. The second point is, as to the advantages to be ob- Mr. Wickham, Chairman of the Stamps and Taxes, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Ex chequer yesterday. Captain Boldero, M.P., also had an interview with the Right Hon. Gentleman. Dispatches from the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. tained in a national point of view, in completing or extending important lines of railway communication. The scheme of the London and York Company is neither the completion nor the extension of an im portant line of railway communication ; on the con trary, it involves the construction of 330 miles of railway, wholly independent of, and to a great extent competing with, other existing lines, whilst, from the vast amount of capital which must be expended in its construction, the number of tunnels, viaducts, high embankments, and deep cuttings, which are requisite to give it a gradient of one in 200, it cannot huld out any commensurate advantages to the public. In a national point of view, we may consider the scheme under three distinct heads : LORD JOHN RUSSELL ON THE TAXING OF MACHINERY. At a large meeting of the Spitalfields Weavers' Union last week, an interesting correspondence between the sawyers of Oldham and Lord John Russell was read , by Mr. Sherrard, secretary of the Weavers' Union. The sawyers' letter, dated September 17, 1844, refers to his Lordship's memorable speech at the close of last session as a justification of the liberty of addressing him on the subject of their grievance, with a view of soliciting his advice. The following is his Lordship's reply : " Muted Wood, Godalming, Sept. 24, 1844. " Gentlemen,—l beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, signed by your secretary, of the 17th instant. I wish I could bring my opinions to some accordance with your own, but I fear that it is impossible. While you seek to put f.•esh restrictions on the skill and inge nuity of mechanical inventions, it will not be in my power to assist your endeavours for the benefit of the sawyers. If I were to do so, I could not stop with your trade. Nailmakers are in a similar situation, owing to the new machinery For, the manufacture of nails ; other artisans and agricultural labourers will pray for the like interference, to prevent the use of new machines which interfere with manual labour. 1. As a new and independent line from London to Peterborough. 2. As connecting the fertile districts of Lincoln shire with the southern and eastern parts of the king dom, and with the manufactures and coal fields of the north and west. 3. As facilitating the communication between the metropolis and the north of England and Scotland. As a new line from London to Peterborough it is wholly unnecessary; no one can trace its route be tween the London and Birmingham Railway on the one side and the Northern and Eastern on the other, without involuntarily exclaiming, why did it not start from Cambridge ? It is evident from the nature of the country it will traverse, that it must be most ex pensive and difficult in its construction ; the first 30 miles from London will require an enormous outlay of capital, then it will pass through some of the finest garden land in England, and, after all, it will be a competing line with an existing and important rail way, which has the strongest and most unequivocal claims to the protection of the Board of Trade and of Parliament. _ _ _ From the Wakefield branch into the York and North Midland,to communicate with Leeds 4 miles. " Now, my belief is, bat those inventions tend to the improvement of our condition as a people, and enable us to support the great weight of taxation to which we are subjected. Ever since I have known this country machinery hatbeen in progress towards perfection, per forming more and more the task of human hands, and, at the same time, a great number of people have found profitable employment. " I know, and I deplore, that while this progress is going on, many a workman loses the wages which skill and experience have enabled him to gain. But, instead of the perilous course of laying duties on machinery, which would soon enable foreign nations to outstrip us in the score of competition, I am of opinion that we ought to give greater freedom to trade, and, if possible, so extend the demand for labour, that our population, greatly increased as it i s, may obtain a good price, for their clay's work. " I do not mean to pronounce any opinion on the late tariff, so far as regards timber. If the sawyers of this country are subject to unfair competition, they have a a cause for redress so f ar as co l on i al t i m b er is concerned. —I remain, your most obedient servant, " J. RUSSELL. " Mr. Samuel Easthope, White Lion, Oldham." 43 miles. The Midlands attain the same object by two short branches into existing lines, one from Doncaster to Swinton.... 8 miles The other from the North Midland into the Manches ter and Leeds . 4 miles 12 miles. In short, any one who takes a map of the country in his hand, and traces the proposed new line between London and Peterborough, must perceive that it is wholly uncalled for by local wants, and cannot be re garded otherwise than as a wanton interference with private property, and an unjustifiable invasion of the rights and interests of others, without affording any adequate advantages to the public. The promoters of the undertaking may disregard the wishes and the private remonstrances of individuals, but they cannot escape the control of public opinion and the calm and deliberate judgment of a competent and impartial tribunal. 31 miles. thus affecting a saving of 31 miles of railway without materially, if at all, increasing the distance to be traversed. But this is not all—a single line of rails between Lincoln, by Boston and Spalding, to Peterborough, will not be sufficient for the traffic which, if it be the only line through Lincolnshire, must come upon it. The through traffic from Gainsborough and Lincoln, as well as that from the fertile and populous district of country to the north and south of the Witham, would have no other outlet to the southern parts of the king dom, and persons going to and from London would be taken round by Boston and Spalding; whilst, after all, the heart of the country, the district along which its population is chiefly collected, would derive no advantage whatever from the line. Of the two principal towns on the route between London and York, Cambridge and Lincoln, one is wholly disregarded, and the other but very imper fectly accommodated, by the proposed scheme of the London and York Company. Cambridge, including its University, containing 29,000 inhabitants, but the population of Cambridge gives a most inadequate idea of the passenger traffic of the place; it is the fre quent resort of visitors from all parts of the kingdom, ani three-fourths of the members of the University being from the northern parts of the kingdom it has especial claims to the most direct and the cheapest lines of railway communication with the north. This important town and University are altogether disre garded by the London and York Company, and with respect to Lincoln, the advantages to be conferred, are of a very secondary kind—a circuitous communi cation with the metropolis, and by a single line of rails to Peterborough, crossing the important drains and navigations which intersect the fen lands at right angles, and affording no communication with, or ac commodation to, Deeping, Bourn, Folkingham, Slea ford, and the numerous and popukus villages which occupy the margin or table land which separates the high ground on the west of Lincolnshire from the fen on the east. _ _ As a means of connecting the fertile districts of Lincolnshire with the southern and eastern ports of the kingdom, and with the manufactures and the coal fields of the north and west, the London and York EXPLOSION OF A LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE.-THREE LIVES LOST. line is badly conceived, and cannot stand in com parison with other projects fer attaining the same objects. It wholly disregards Cambridge, the most important and populous town between London and York, which has always been the centre of traffic for all the sur rounding districts, and ought to be on the direct line of any railway communication between the metro polis and the north, and between the fertile plains of Lincoln and the ports of Ipswich and Ilarwich; moreover, in a national and commercial point of view, the metropolitan terminus of the London and York line will be in no respect equal to the termini of the Eastern Counties Railway. The Tottenham and Farringdon-street Junction will afford the most cen tral and convenient terminus in London, as well for passengers as for the traffic of the agricultural coun ties, whilst the Thames Junction Railway and the ex tension of it to the river side, opposite Woolwich, " will afford to the Government the terminus of a rail way placed practically at the doors of IVoolwich Arsenal ;" in addition to which a junction could he readily effected between the Eastern Counties and Blackwall Railways, so as to connect the manufactur• ing districts with the docks. As regards the communication between Lincoln shire and the manufacturing districts and coal fields of the north, the promoters of the London and York Company have entered into a conditional agreement to buy up the Witham Navigation, and to construct a single line of railway along the banks of the river Witham, from Lincoln to Boston, and from Boston across the fen land, through Spalding, to Peterbo rough ; from Lincoln by Gainsborough, I3awtry, and Doncaster, the line is common both to the London and York and the Midlands; but to communicate with the manufacturing districts and coal fields the London and York propose to make a branch from Baw try to Sheffield of twenty miles, another from Doncaster to Wakefield of nineteen miles, and a third of four miles branching out of the Wakefield branch into the York and North Midland, to communicate with Leeds—in all forty-three miles of railway ; whilst the Midlands propose to attain the same objects by a branch of eight miles from Doncaster to Swin ton, and another of near four miles from the North Midland to the Manchester and Leeds—in all twelve miles of railway. I am most anxious to avoid any mis-statement, or to give rise to any misconception on this most impor tant subject, but I ask your readers, who are inte rested, to refer to the published plans of the Company and to judge for themselves. I maintain that a single line of rails carried transversely across Lincolnshire, from Lincoln to Boston, and thence by Spalding to Peterborough, will not meet the wants, or accommo date the traffic, of that most fertile and productive county; and that the proposed communication by the London and York lines with the manufacturing and mineral districts will be unnecessarily expensive, and consequently disadvantageous to the community at large. Neither the Board of Trade nor the Houses of Parliament can disregard these considerations, for if there is one principle more than another which, in a national point of view, should govern their decisions in respect of competing lines of railway, it is that the most direct and least expensive line, in connexion with existing interests, should be preferred. As facilitating the communication between London and the north of England and Scotland, I admit at once that the London and York scheme will save eight or nine miles in the entire distance over any route which can be laid down as an extension of the Northern and Eastern line; but I deny, on the MANOHESTER, TUESDAY MORNING.—This morning a most serious accident occurred on the Manchester and Leeds Railway, by which three unfortunate men lost their lives, and four others were seriously wounded. The extraordinary state of confusion which now exists on the line precludes the possibility of obtaining the whole of the particulars, but the following account will be found correct : At an early hour this morning the engineer and fire man attached to the Irk engine proceeded to the engine shed, about a mile from the station, at Bunt's Bank, and commenced getting it in readiness to take the quarter to seven A.m. train to Leeds. The fireman put ou his fires about half-past four A.m., and in about an hour the steam was up, or nearly so. Th e eng i neer then went under the engine to examine the working parts, and the firemanto oil them. They had not been there long before the accident occurred. Exactly as the clock struck six a tremendous explosion was heard by several men on the premises, and immediately an alarm was given. Mr. Craven, the resident inspector of the works, on proceeding to the works, found that the explosion had killed three of his work men, and injured four others, and done much damage to the building. He thus describes the whole affair:----The engine to which this accident has happened was to have taken out the quarter before seven train to Leeds, and was in course of preparation for that purpose. The engineer and fireman were both under it at the time of the accident, examining the works. The roof of the firebox seems to have given way, and the steam rushing against the ground blew the. engine through the roof of the shed, which is nearly sixty feet high, carrying with it more than twenty yards of the root; and distributing the fragments in all directions for upwards of one hun dred yards distance. At the moment of the explosion the tender seems to have become detached from the engine, and was turned over on its side, but was not materially injured. The engine was on the middle line of rails, in the shed where the men were at work, with the firebox towards Manchester ; but when it alighted it was completely turned round, and on the outside rails, at a distance of twenty yards froria the pl a ce it was first standing. In its way it passed over another engine, carrying with it the chimney, whistle, and domes. The poor fellows who were at work under the engine were dreadfully muti lated, both being severely crushed and b urne d to a c i n d er —their heads and brains being completely crushed to a jelly. The inspector was also much disfigured, and I filled on the spot. The na mes of the su ff erers are C.4eorge Mills, engineer ; W illi▪ a m Allcock, fireman ; and William Stone, inspector. James Neilson, John Wain wright, John Hall, and another , are seriously injured. 'The engine was built by Mr. W illiam Fairbairn, of this 1 - town, and was first set to work in January, 1840, since which time it has travelled a di▪ stance of 76,860 miles. It • cost 1,4301., and was considered a fir s t- rate eng i ne . . Th e ' • damage done to the engine will not exceed 2501. At the present moment the valves are in g oo d wor ki ng con ,dition, and one of themis protected from being tampered .with by any of the servants, being shut up in a box con structed for that purpose. means of accounting elm, and the practical nery, with a view of sortera T tt h ihe e me r e eacen i s ai a rd t ee p ne r tx e ;a s e mb n iu t nti n nm o g rt.heF possible maar be h entering into detail befor e the Coroner, who will hold I tan inquest to-morrow. The unfortunate men h ave l e f t N sires and families to lament their untimely end. I will reserve any remarks on the engineering cir eumsi races of the line, and the cost of construction and of traffic, and of working expenses, which com prise the remaining points of inquiry to be made by the Bcard of Trade, until the public has been fa voured with the promised observations on the charac ter and works of the London and York Railway. It is matter of notoriety that these works are of no ordinary character, and I shrewdly suspect that the author of the article in the Journal " who could have wished that the line had started from Cambridge or Ware, and gone into the York and North Midland at Burton Salmon," and yet tells us "that he does not see how under any circumstances it can be mended," will not be grievously disappointed if the publication of the report of the Board of Trade on the Northern and Eastern lines, in the course of the present week, should relieve him from the further prosecution of the difficult task he has undertaken. I have seen and read the memorial of the promoters of the Cambridge and Lincoln Railway to the Board of Trade, and the documents which accompanied it, and I shall be glad to see them printed and submitted to the test of public opinion, from a firm conviction that they embody the strongest case which can be laid before Parliament. The Cambridge and Lincoln line does start from Cambridge ; it is the extension of an important line of railway communication, one that was contemplated by the Legislature when the Act for making the Northern and Eastern Railway was obtained; that Act, the 6 and 7 William IV., cap. 93, is thus entitled " An Act for making a Railway to form a communication between London and Cam bridge, w ith the view of its being extended hereafter to the northern and eastern counties of England." It is not my intention, on this occasion, to set forth the merits of the Cambridge and Lincoln line, or the deep and lasting injury which the carrying out of the London and York scheme would inflict on the Eastern Counties proprietary ; I will merely observe that the Cambridge and Lincoln line is the natural trunk line for the district it will traverse ; that it will form pa r t o f a comp l ete c h a i n of railway conn municatien between London and York, much shorter, in point of time, th an b y the ex i sting railways, and affordTg the great es t amount o f public accommoda tion with the least expenditure of capital ; that whether ,f r o i r Laonnddoanftweir Monday, the 27th ll leave the F o lkest o ne ant,FOL lEestTteorN:&.—cO post -office at 9.30 A.m. The box will be closed at 9.15 , after which time letters and newspapers will be received by one penny extra being paid till 9.25, when the bags will be immediately dispatched. A day mail a too leave our post-office for Dover at 1.50. There be no day-bags to and from London on Sundays. Th a nu n; ter of letters passing our post-office has, since the opening' of the railroad to the town, increased to not lei A than five times weekly to that of former years.— faideone Gazette. TIE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 29 1845. THE ROYAL NAVY. TIER MAJESTY'S SHIP ALBION. (From the Morning I), t We are enabled to give the most unqualified cWra diction to the gr,ss tnisreprcsentati.nA that have bye!) made respecCng this ship by the Morning Hercild and ou or two other publications. The following official report of her various capabilities, signed by her captain, commander, master, and carpenter, is a perfect refutation to the calumnious statements put forth by these papers against her.— lIER MAJESTY'S SHIP ALBION. A report of the sailing and other qualities of this ship, ascertained under various circumstance-, and from strict observations, bet.seen the Ist of January, 1844, and the 31st of December, 1844. The draught of water which was estimated by the constructor to be her best trim?—Forward 23 ft. Aft 24 ft. The draught of water found on trial to be her best sailing trim, with three months' provisions and stores on board ?—Forward... 23 ft. Aft ...... 24 ft. 2 in. The draught of water found on trial to be her best sailing trim, with as much provision on board as she can conveniently stow ?—Forward 23 ft. 5 in. Aft The rake of her masts from a perpendicular ? 3 F rsil o rz r i e en m imi in.dd i tto.t t i o n a fathom. The necessary quantity of iron ballast for her ? Thirty tons. The quantity of water she stows in her fore and main holds ?-396 tons in iron tanks. 18 tons in casks. 414 Her draught of water with three months' provisions and stores on board ?—Forward 23 ft. Aft Height of ports with three months' provisions and stores on board ?—Midship port, 6 ft. 9 in. Draught of water with as much provisions and stores on board as she can conveniently stow P—Forward 23 ft. 5 in. ; Aft 24 ft. 7 in. Height of ports, with as much provisions and stores on board as she can conveniently stow ?—Midship port, 6 ft. 6 in. How many days of the following articles can she con. veniently stow for her complement of men ? Provisions 6 months. Spirits Water Coals 8 ditto How armed ?—On lower deck 28 guns, 32-pounders, 56 cwt., 9 ft. 6 in. in length ' • and 4 guns, 68-pounders, 65 cwt., 9 feet is l e n g th. Main deck, 26 guns, 32- pounders, 56 cwt., 9 ft. 6 in., and 6 guns, 68-pounders, 65 cwt., 9 feet. Quarter deck, 16 guns, 32 pounders, 42 cwt., 8 ft. 6 in. ; and 2 guns, 68-pounders, 56 cwt., 8 feet. Forecastle, 8 guns, 32-pounders, 42 cwt., 8 ft. 6 in. Does she ride easy at her anchors ?—Very easy. Inclination of the ship ?—Under storm stay-sails or try-sails, 3 degrees ; under storm stay-sails and main topsail, 3 degrees ; under storm stay-sails and reefed foresail, 31 degrees ; under close-reefed topsails and courses, 4 degrees ; under treble-reefed topsails and courses, 4 degrees ; under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 4 to 5 degrees ; under all sail except royals, 3i to 4 degrees ; under all sail when just able to carry royals, 3 degrees. How does she carry her lee ports?—Very well. Does she roll easy or uneasy in the trough of the sea? She rolls quick, not uneasy. Does she pitch easy?—Very easy indeed. Is she, generally speaking, an easy or uneasy ship ? Easy, though quick in her motions. How does she generally carry her helm by the wind, with all sail set, with treble-reefed top-sails and courses? —One-half to three-quarters and one turn aweather. How toes she steer off the wind?—Withthree months' provisions very easy. How does she stay ?—Like a cutter. How does she wear?—Very quick. Is she weatherly or leewardly, compared with other ships in moderate weather?—Very weatherly. Is she weatherly or leewardly, compared with other ships in a gale?—The same. How does she behave lying to?—Very well. She has run by the log with as much wind as she could carry the following sail to : Close hauled with smi - ..oth water, under whale or single reeled topsails and top-gallant sails, 8 knots 6 fathoms; under double-reefed topsails, 10 knots 2 fathoms; close hauled, with a Iliad sea, under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 7 knots 4 fathoms ; wind abeam, under treble-reefed topsails and courses, 12 knots 4 fathoms ; under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 13 knots; in moderate weather, unable to carry royals, 11 knots 2 fathoms; in moderate weather, with all sail set, 11 knots 6 fathoms; wind on the quarter, in a gale, 12 knots; in moderate weather, with royals and studding sails, 10 knots ; before the wind, in a gale, 11 knots ; in moderate weather, with all sail set, 10 knots 6 fathoms. How does she scud in a heavy gale?—Very well. What is her best point of sailing?—Wind abeam. Comparative rate of sailing with other ships?—Very superior. Is she, generally speaking, a well-built and strong ship, or does she show any symptoms of weakness?— Very strong. Has the ship been ashore, or has she struck the ground, at any time during the period of this report ? If she has, mention the tune and place, and the date of the report of the circumstance, and to whom made ? No. NICHOLAS LOCKYER, Captain. W. W. CHAMBERS, Commander. S. G. J. NORTCOTE, Master. W. SEWELL, Carpenter. Dated Jan. 1, 1845. ROYAL MARINES. WOOLWICH, JAN. 28.—A general court-martial, com posed of the following members:—Colonel Mercer, Royal Marines, President; Lieut. -Colonel Powell, Royal Marines; Major Andrews and Major Armstrong, Royal Artillery; Captain Phillips, Royal Marines; Captain Dupuis, Captain Grant, and Captain Fraser, Royal Horse Artillery ; Lieut. M'Killop, Lieut. ongden, Lieut. Fraser, Lieut. Marriott, and Lieut. Louis, Royal Marines, assembled at eleven o'clock sat. to-day, in the officers' mess room of the Royal Marines, in the west square of the Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich; Lieut. and Adjutant Varlo officiating as Deputy Judge- Advocate. On the opening of the court, the following charges were preferred against Sergeant Zechariah Baker 36th company of the Royal Marines:— First Charge —For disgraceful conduct in having, at Woolwich, between the Ist of November, 1844, and the Btk of January, 1645, embezzled or fraudulently misapplied, or caused or suffered to be embezzled or fraudulently misapplied, certain sums of public money, as hereinafter stated, intrusted to his care, for distribu tion in payment, or to be otherwise accounted for by him in his capacity as pay-sergeant of the si cond grand di vision, or third and fourth parade companies of the Woolwich division of Royal Marines, and for which the said sergeant was receiving a pecuniary allowance from Government, in addition to his military pay, the said sums of money being more or less as follows :- 1. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of third parade company for December, 1844, 91. 4s. 71d. 2, By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the fourth parade company for December, 1844, 121. 9s. 3d. 3. By amount overdrawn on pay•bill of the third pa • rade compaliy from the Ist to the 7th of January, 1845, inclusive, 81. I Is. OP. 4. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the fourth parade company from the Ist to the 7th of January, 1845, inclusive, 81. Is. 44d. 5. By arrears overdrawn for Dec., 1844, 1/. 12s. 7d. 6. By cash received from Sergeant William Johnson, of 36 M company, on account of division, and not re turned to paymaster, 11. lOs. 7. By amount of stoppages supplied between the 30th of November, 1844, and the Bth of January, 1845, 121. 6s. 11 id. 8. By cash received from private Philip Dailey, 32d company, and private Jobh Hicks, 24th company, for the purchase of slops and not accounted for, 21. 193. :Id. 9. By cash received from private John Clark, 28th company, for slops issued to him, and the amount not credited to the quarter-master, IL 158. Id. Second Chat ge—For having, at Woolwich, on or about the 7th of January, 1845, when the accounts of the second grand division were called for by the Paymaster, absented himself from his duty without leave, and con tinued to be so absent until on or about the 10th of the same month, when he re appeared and was placed in confinement. The whole of the witnesses were examined to• day, but it would be premature to give the proceedings until the decision of the Court is promulgated in orders. ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH ON THE SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. The first trial of the electric telegraph on this line, constructed by Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone, the pa tentees, for the joint use of the Admiralty and the South- Western Railway Company, between Nine Elms and Gosport, a distance of 88 miles, took place on Friday last. Several of the Directors of the Company and scientific gentlemen were present ion the occasion. On hearing that the suspension of the conducting wires was completed, Mr. Cooke left London by the three o'clock train, and stopped at Bishopstoke, 72 miles. Ho then proceeded by the next train, and the hour was occu pied in carrying the wires into the office at Gosport, on the branch line ; so that it was only at a little before ten o'clock that, all things being ready, he dis • patched the first signal to London. Four or five minutes of anxiety elapsed before any reply was obtained, when his assistant in London excused his inatten tion on the ground of having fallen asleep before the fire! The signals passed with the utmost precision, and a long conversation passed with Lis London correspondent over the intervening distance of 88 miles. Confidence in the system of insulation was thus preyed ; the experiment never having been before tried until 72 miles were com pleted, when the apparatus was applied at Bishopstoke about a fortnight back. Directions to his London assistant to start for Gosport by the first morning 's train closed the correspondence for the night. Professor Wheatstone joined, by appointment, at Nine-elms, about twelve next morning, and some thousand signals took their flight between London and Gosport. In Mr. Wheatstone's experiments no perceptible time wrs occu pied in transmission. Among many others the following inquiries and answers, preceded by the ringing of the alurum, occupying about four minutes, were made at the request of one of tile company's officers:—" Q. Have you any mackerel for to-night's goods rain? A. Neat hey can not catch them now. Q. Why not? Becausehe nights are moonlight, and the fish see the net." Other com munications respecting the shipping took place. Subse quently the professor's new magneto-electric telegraph was brought into a long circuit of wire, and worked to perfection through 288 miles. The apparatus dispenses with the betteries altogether, a steel ir.,:,gnet being, the soiree of power. The Admiralty are to have a pair of these machines, and a reit. of Whearsione's pointing telegraphs for their distinct we. Fur railway purpest s Mr. Cooke prefers his " two needle telegrai;h," and in this opinion Professor Wheatst ne agrees, as its rapid edloquial questions and answers character is perfectly adapted for railway exigencies. There is a good deal of painting to be done on the line, which a ill require fine weather and some days to complete As soon as that is dune the apparatus will again be worked, and two airs placed at th e comman d o f t h e L or d s o f t h e Admiralty; the other two, with the brow!' telegraph to Southampton, will remain in the Company's hands for their own railway purposes and the We of the public The result of Friday night's experiments were considered rather unsatisfactory, as the state of the weather was most unfavourable to insulation, the posts thoroughly wet, and the wires strung with myriads of drops of water, sparkling like gems. The following 1 day was fine, and though the points of connexion were all wet, nevertheless the insulation was excellent. With the last experiment Mr. Cooke is prepared to accept a challenge to ley down a telegraph from London to Fal mouth, Liverpool. or Edinburgh, without any inter mediate stages. The last practical difficulty is overcome by the present system of insulation, and Mr. Wheatstone need only add a letter folding and sealing apparatus to his printing machine to prepare the communications for the Post-office. This is the result of Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone's invention, after eight years' perseverance, and it would be idle to suppose that the commercial world will long neglect the power this invention is capable of conferring oa the commercial capitals of Great Britain, by laying their closer contiguity as regards their commercial intelligence and transactions, seeing that by it may be made known on 'Change, at Liverpool, or in London, every fluctua tion of price and every bargain in stack or shares, within two minutes of the transaction being closed in either place. The entire cost of the telegraph between London and Portsmouth, is 24,000/., to be paid in equal propor tions by the Admiralty and the Company, and negotia tions are being entered into with Government for laying down sections of it on the Chester and Holyhead line, now in course of construction. Last evening, at the annual conversazione of the _.Society of Arts, the ap paratus was exhibited, worked by Mr. Cooke and Mr. Rowland, his assistant. In the course of conversation Mr. Cooke stated that the invention, by a slight modification of the symbols, might be adapted to an almost endless variety of uses : that by means of the galvanic process conversations might be sustained unin terruptedly between Liverpool and London, that musical compositions might be transmitted with exactitude from one place to another, and that even games of chess might be conducted between players in two distant districts. Lust evening, the words " Liverpool" and " Adelphi" were described by the manipulata on the dial, and tele graphed by means of the wires, to an assistant operator at the other end of the room, who immediately an nounced the import of the communication. In cases where express accounts of public events are required, the invention promises to bo invaluable, since it is calcu lated by the patentee that were a telegraph to be laid down between Liverpool and London, accurate reports of speeches might be transmitted from either place, and be put in type and circulated long before any express train could possibly make its arrival. MONEY MARKET and CITY NYCWit FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAT. CITY, TUESDAY EVENING. TIMES.—The premium on gold at Paris is 12i per mine, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 100, per ounce for standard gold gives an exchange of 46 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25 624, it follows that gold is 0.65 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 434 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/.175.100. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 9i; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13 10i, it follows that gold is 0.57 per cent. dear( r in Loudon than in Hamburgh. The course of exchange at New York on London is 1101 per cent., and the par of exchange between Eng land and America being 109 23-40 per cent., it follows that the exchange is 0.68 per cent. in favour of England. But the quoted exchange at New York being for bills at 60 days' sight, the interest must be added to the above difference. The Railway Share Market is still very buoyant, and a good deal of business continues to be transacted. New projects are every day starting up, and the success of other Irish schemes has brought forward one called the Armagh, Coleraine, and Portrush Railway, having for its object the connexion of the towns from Blackwater right through to Portstewart, the ditance being 63 sta tute miles. It appears to be considered that the junction of this line with the harbour of Portrush will give a facility of communication from this point to Glasgow and Liverpool, as there aro already steamers on the sta tion. The settlement in this market at the end of the month will give some evidence of the real stability of the quotations ; and should money, as there is reason to expect it will, command a high rate of interest, we shall then have the opportunity of judging of the cha racter of the late extensive operations. In some of the provincial markets it is asserted that they have even been on a larger scale than in London. If this be the case, the brokers of Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Hull, and Glasgow, must have been driving a profitable business. Iler Majesty's ship Dido has arrived from Singa pore, having made a quick passage, the run from the I Cape being completed in the short space of about forty days. By this opportunity we have received files of Cape papers to the 15th of December ; and these are about one month later than previous advices. They contain little information as respects the progress of affairs in the colony, except the mention of the im pulse given to industry by the establishment of agri cultural societies, and the subject treated at the greatest length, as most important at that period, was the ex traordinary state of the weather. Since 1820, when the district of Graham's Town was first established, there had not been known such heavy rains 'as those experienced within the last few months. During the last year scarcely a week had elapsed without heavy showers, the rain in many instances continuing for several days. The humidity was now felt to be super abundant, and the farmers were said to be anxiously looking for settled weather, required both for harvest work and for sheep-shearing. The rust had made its appearance in some of the corn-fields, but not till the crops were sufficiently advanced to protect them from the full ravages of that fatal disease. In some few cases the ear had been entirely destroyed, but on the whole the result of the harvest, it was expected, would be beyond the usual average. The country in the neighbourhood of Snoeuwberg was in fine condition, especially about Brumtjes Hoogte, Somerset, the Kaga, and Fort Beau fort. In Sneeuwberg the harvest had already commenced. SUN.—The English Market appears to close firmer. Consols for Money at par, and for Account at 1001. Exchequer Bills touched 675. premium. New Three and-a-Quarter oer Cents. were 1041. The value of Spanish Stock remained about the same as in the morning, 27i to 28 for the Five per Cents., ane 391- to 40 for the Three per Cents. Mexican im proved to 341 and 35. Brazilian, New, were at 88 ; and Colombian ac 14-1-. Peruvian realised 28. Portuguese Converted were at GO. Venezuela obtained 44k, and Belgian Four-and-a-Half per Cents. were 1011. The additional trau3actions in Railway Shares have ben these : Birmingham and Glouck ster were 11 ; Ditto, New, 9 ; Caledonian, 11 ; Churnet Valley, 4: 4 1 ; Cornwall, I to ; Dublin and Mullingar, 11 ; Eastern Counties, 3! to ; Eastern Union, 5 ; Great Southern and 'Western (Ireland), 51 ; Ditto, Extension, ; Great North of England, New, 221 ; Hull and Selby, 731 ; Birmingham, Thirds, 401 ; Ditto, Quarter, 25i to 26 ; Brighton, 2 ; London and York, 21 ; Manchester and Birmingham, 141 ; Midland, ; Ditto, New, 7 ; Newcastle and Berwick, 10+; Norwich and Brandon, 6 to 5i ; South-Eastern, 141 ; Trent Valley, 7i to 81; Waterford and Kilkenny, 1 ; York and North Midland, Half, 28f ; Ditto, Selby Extension, 111 to 12 ; Great Northern of France, 11 ; Orleans and Vierzon, 8i 1 ; Orleans and Bordeaux, 5f ; Paris and Rouen, 221 ; and Rouen and Havre, 15 premium. Blackwall have been 91 ; Greenwich, 11 ; and Midland, Birmingham, and Derby, 5 discount. In the Exchange,upon the principal Continental Cities there was this afternoon no essential variation. Ant werp might be called a trifle lower, and Trieste a shade higher. The following is the official return of the exports of Bullion from the port of London, for the week ending Thursday last ; Silver coin to Hong-Kong, 8,000 ounces. TIIE ROYAL PALACE AT HOLYROOD.—SOMe im provements have lately been made near the Royal Palace at llolyrood, and negotiations have been pending for the purchase of other property in Ann's-yard, near the Palace, with the view of making further improve ments in the locality. It appears that the Com missioners of Woods and Forests have negotiated with the Earl of Haddington for the surrender of the office of Hereditary Keeper of the Palace, which office was originally created by charters from the Crown, and became invested in his Lordship and his heirs of entail. In June, 1843, an award was made, whereby the price to be paid by the Commissioners on behalf of her Majeaty to the Earl of Haddington, for the said office of Keeper, and the whole profits, claims of pro perty and other rights thereunto annexed, or . apper taining thereto, and all other estate, right, title, and r laiterest of the said Earl connected therewith, and m _ the surrender of the said office, was fixed atth !su f 30,674/. Bd. ; and the term of Candlemasfixe then das the term fol lowing (the 2d of February last) of entry from her Majesty. The money properties should be vested in , which the office w r a i s Ots . , interest, and to th e b be ame re-invested li a e of was invested y e a rnadl purposes s t e s s in in the purch d as i e n o t f he la ß ed a s nk to o h f e b s c e a tt t i l e a d nd i , a Woods se sta state tha t o f theirthe Act (Gth and 7th Victoria, c. 64), as far as we are entail recent re r Commissioners o r t concerned, have been carried into effect; but, as in terms thereof they could not be completed before the 2d of February, the conclusion of these transactions will be included in a future report." METROPOLITAN IMPROVEMENTS. —Yesterday se oboyasaauncdtioFtol,rebsuy:t,rodbere c o l f ear th ed e Cawomaymfiosr veral houses were sold in E ast S m i thfield, near the of D th oc e k \ s 'V s L i o o e n e d r o s n the new line of street, which is to pass &MSS High street, Whitechapel, from Spitalfields Church to the Docks. In connexion with these improvements in White chapel, a new street is being formed from Houndsditch to Petticoat-lane, in the construction of which a large number of very old houses had been removed. Among the number was one, in which resided the Ambassador from the Court of Spain, in the reign of Elizabeth, the foundation walls of which were in some part about three feet in thickness ; adjoining which were discovered some very large vaults, k - SIR CHARLES F. WILLIAMS.''' f\- The late Sir Charles Frederick Williams int! senior Commissioner of the Court of Bankruptcy, and many years have elapsed since he entered pon the - . . profession of the law. It has been snpposed that he was a person of humble origin ; at least so little knowledge was ever current in society with respect to his descent, that it vas assumed he could not boast ` ' I,\.:SY of very dignified ancestry ; for most men take pains to make such advantages well known, and Sir Charles Williams was the least likely person in the world to omit the publication of anything that could redound to his own honour. Nevertheless, the subject of this ineireir was a man of respectable parents. His father was Richard 'Williams ' Esq., of Dursley, in Glow cestershire, of which place it may be presumed that Sir Charles was a native. He did not possess the ad vantages of a university education, and he came to the bar not very eminently qualified fur the duties of the legal pror'ession ; he managed, however, in one way or another, to attain a certain degree of success ; but the practice which he did enjoy was principally as a pro vincial counsel, his business at Westminster Ball being of moderate extent. He went the Western Circuit, and for many years practised at the Somerset and Bristol Sessions. That he displayed unbounded zeal in the support of every client's interests is universally acknowledged, and that if perseverance and care could command success no client of his would ever have been defeated. Sir Charles had passed the mature age of forty before he found it prudent to incur the responsibilities of married life, but he thought that the time had then arrived when such a step could no longer be advan tageously delayed. On the 22d of April, 1822, he married Elizabeth, the fourth daughter of Ralph Broune Wylde Broune, Esq., of Glazeley, in the county of Salop, by Mary Anne Whitmore, sister of Thomas Whitmore, Esq., of Apley Park, in the same county. This event had of course a tendency rather to increase than to diminish his professional zeal; his business increased, and in the year 1828 it had reached so respectable an amount, that by the Goverti• ment of that day he w as deemed worthy to be ir vested with the dignity of "one of his Majesty's counsel learned in the law ;" but as a leader at nisi prius he was not much distinguished. For one pe culiarity he was however noted ; a solicitor might prevail on him to name the junior counsel with whom he liked to be associated, with high professional delicacy he always shrunk from the appearance et making any such suggestion ; but even twenty years ago he was accustomed to say to his clients that there could be no better junior counsel in any cause than young Follett. Even then Mr. Williams had the sa gacity to discern the great powers of the present At torney-General. For four years after, having obtained a silk gown, Mr. Williams continued at the bar ; but at the end cif that period he was appointed one of the Commissioners of the Court of Bankruptcy under Lord Brougham's Bill. In discharging the functions of that office, he evinced great quickness of apprehension ; but was rather ostentatious in displaying it. his judgments were therefore often hasty ; and his manners were by no means distinguished for the dignity, or even the decorum which ought to be observed by every marl who occupies a judicial seat. So eager was he to show that he saw at a glance the tendency of questions put to a witness, that he would spoil a piece of evi dence by taking an examination out of a solicitor's et. counsel's hands, as well as putting ill-considered questions, and making extra-judicial observations; but he was perhaps one of the most obliging func tionaries that ever lived. If stopped in the street—it called away from an agreeable party —nay, if called out of bed—he would kindly and cheerfully transact any business if required. He once met with an ac cident, when riding on horseback, which confined him some weeks, and so anxious was ho to avoid encroac h • ing upon the time of his brother Commissioners, that his bed-chamber was converted into a court of bank ruptcy. He scarcely or ever omitted an opportunity of making a civil observation or paying a personal compliment : " He browbeat none, nor bore a being odium ; But fairly blazoned every man's eulogium." He received the honour of knighthood July 18, 1838 ; and was for some years Recorder of Ipswich, but resigned that office in 1842. Sir Charles attained to a good old age, but of the precise year in which he was born we have not met with any authentic trace ; it is believed, however, that he could not have been less than 75 or 76 years of age. The further he ad vanced in life the greater was the interest which he seemed to take in the causes and the influence et longevity. No elderly witness ever escaped him, and the most important proceedings were often delayed is order that Sir Charles might have opportunity of in quiring into the habits of life and the constitutional peculiarities of any curious specimen of the last age who might happen to enter the witness-box. In this respect the columns of this journal would have been a great source of consolation to him. He was a ma gistrate for Hampshire, and for some years had a residence in that county.—Historical Register. TIDE AT DOVER.-DESTRUCTION OF PRO.. PERTY.-DOVER, JAN. 27.—This morning, about Oat o'clock A.N., one of the highest tides ever remembered occurred here. At the entrance of the harbour the water was above twenty-one feet in depth, while the actual rise from low water was not less than twenty-five feet I The quays and piers were almost all covered, and the area of the harbour presented an uninterrupted sheet of water. At the height of the tide a portion of the new harbour works, now going on under the Duke of Wel lington and the other Harbour Commissioners, gave way, from the great weight of water in the pent. A strong granite wall, about sixty fact in extent and many feet in thickness, was forced down, when a mighty rush of water, carrying all before it, burst into a large open space behind, which is being excavated for the enlargement of the harbour. Blocks of granite, and masses of brickwork, from two to six tons in weight, were rolled along ten or twelve yards ; and the Lord Sidmouth fishing vessel, that happened to be lying along side of the quay close to the beach, was torn from her moorings and swept into the space with great force by the resistless current, and laid up at the extreme end, where, in ordinary tides, she will be " high and dry.' An attempt was made at high water this afternoon to float off the vessel with casks, which proved abortive. as the tide did not rise so hieh as in the morning by several feet. She has sustained, it is feared, irreparable damage, by rubbing her bottom against the large stones she passed over during the accident. It is very fortunate the accident occurred in the night, for, had it taken place during the day, while the workmen were engaged in the excavations, it must have been attended with fatal consequences. Although fresh fish, such as flounders, cod, ling, haddocks, and whitings, are got in abundance on the west coast, still, soles and turbots are remarkably scarce. and appar-ritly cannot be had tither on the east or west coasts, which is altogether unprecedented in the annals of Scotch fisheries. A number of orders for these fish were received hero by our principal fishmongers for supplies to any extent, for the Edinburgh, Dublin, and Liverpool markets, which could not be executed.— Greenock Advertiser. DEATH IN THE REGENT'S CANAL.—A PREDICTION IN Jzste FULFILLED.--Yesterday the body of a corpus. lent and rather aged person, named Portington, was found in the Regent's-canal, near the Camden-town lock. Five-and-twenty years ago deceased was a master tailor, in extensive business in Tavistock street, Covent-garden. Latterly be held the situa tion of collector of rents and general over-looker on the Agar estate, Camden-town. A week since, meeting Lamb, an occasional summoning officer for the. parish of St. Pancres, serving summonses for an inquest on a person who had died suddenly, he remarked that such a way of dying was the pleasantest, and added, jokingly, that some day or other the officer would have to summon a jury to inquire into the cause of his death. The prediction has been verified, and Lamb applied yes terday to Mr. Waklev for a warrant to summon a jury. SUICIDE OF A II OEKMAN AT NORTHUMHERLANL HOUSE.—Last evening Mr. Higgs held an inquest at the Prince's Head, Buckingham- street,Strand, on the bodyta! John Henry Hollick, aged fifty-seven, in the employ 0, Mr. Hughes, upholsterer to the Duke of Northumberlane. It appeared that deceased and others were engaged on Sa turday forenoon in preparing the furniture and rooms c. Northumberland House for the reception of its noble oven pants. At half-past eleven o'clock he left the d ining room in which he had been working, and, not returning. in half an hour, the foreman caused search to be Tad* after him. In a few minutes afterwards ho was disco vered in one of the water-clotets at the basement of the mansion, partly suspended (his feet resting oc thefloor, water-pipe and fuliastear-rpmso by m e ansonthe seat of a piece of tbeclosl l i from a service tied round and Mr. Bran s by neck. He was csturtondgowpna,ckta kt pack- t hre a d e a i d nto the too Cooper called in, who said that deceased had been demi taken about a quarter of an hour. Deceased was a tempers* and steady man, and some of the witnesses considers( that his mind was affected by an attack of illness be had intoaty three months since, and others th a t it was affected by the paid, at udipffo.efreanbtetnimefiets,so7csiet the above society, called the St. T Jraes's . Union, to which he had f or years belonged. esociety Ile ) .act ‘o Verdict, u u I G e A m p s o o r C a r I A y T insanity. LT " Et —lt a le n o d t o u n re e s d i c o re a ature TIBER IN E D INSIURGH. SS a ) pro. chapel h on l the s outh ' side of the town, which have been attended by numbers mainly from curiosity. It i s s t a t e d th a t th e mos t di s graceful scenes are enacted within the building, one part of the audience indulging in vociferous applause, ant another in equally clamorous dissent. Last Sabbath evening this riotous spirit came to a head, the female ex hibitor being followed from the chapel by an infuriatets crowd, some of whom attempted to lay violent hand. upon her. She was ultimately taken under the protec tion of the police.—Edinhuryit foot. IVRIT OF INQUIRY.—The writ of inquiry"at Penrith to assess the damages sustained to the Cahill+ site eetatr by the Lancaster arid Carlisle Railway, was brouglitt a close on Saturday, when the jury awarded the sum: 2,150/. for land taken, severance, and damage. As Oil sum was less than the compensation offered by the Corr pany, the defendants will have to pay their own costa The Duke and Duchess of Montrose have arri ve : in Belgrave-square, from his Grace's sporting sea l are expected to remain in town unti l after hearm(s.re , staying on a visit to the Earl and C ounac e Selby Hall, Northamptonshire. The Duke nod D,uchear ttl approching confinement. Lord Will iam Graham row l Walcot, near Lincoln. 0 $ 1 1 1,1 Y,l: