The Sun. — London, England, 1868-08-24 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, The Times thinks dreadful railway accidents have been but too common among us. But, whether it be due to the magnitude or to the cruelty of the disaster of Thursday, it certainly has a horror of its own. Loss of life and bodily injury fall within the compass of our thoughts; but that ,upwards of thirty persons travelling in apparent security should he suddenly destroyed and burnt to ashes must be to most of us too much f. , r complete self-control. We are not disposed to dweU upon its horrors ; it is in the fact itself that the awfulness of the calamity is to be felt. It gives a startling glimpse of the tremendous forces we handle every day so lightly, and to the use of which we trust ourselves with so little anxie'y. A moment's thoughtlessness, the snapping of an inch or two of iron, and we may find ourselves crushed to atoms or devoured by the fury of the most raging fires. Nature, it seems, does not yield her choicest advantages without proportionate risks. The further we penetrate into her secrets the more need we have of caution. It is our penalty for our privileges. But we must not forget what we gain. If rapid travelling and the use of petro leum have brought this disaster upon us, we must remember how many lives they have saved, and what benefits they have brought to us. It seems clear that as a mere collision the accident might have been comparatively harmless, The mail was not going at express speed. The driver found himself in good time at Abergele station, and was therefore taking his train easily up the incline to Llan dulas. He estimates his speed at only thirty miles an hour, and though the counter velocity of the trucks would of course increase the force of the collision, there is other evidence to shew that the mere shock was not very severe. It is, indeed, to the fire alone that the fearful effect of the accident must be assribed. It was net a mere collision, but a collision with petroleum. The destructive powers of that compound never received such a frightful illustration. It seems to:have swallowed up its unhappy victims in a sea of conflagration before they had time to move or even te) speak. The barrels were broken by the shock, the oil ex ploded as it came in contact with the furnace of the engine, and it is believed that the mere explosion must have suffo cated or rendered insensible the occupants of the carriages. The immediate occasion of the accident was the escape of the trucks from the goods train, and if immediate responsi bility lies anywhere it must be here. The mere fact of several trucks from a goods train running down the line unchecked raises a strong presumption of carelessness. There was a break-van at the end of the trucks, but no guard on it. Machinery may break down at any time, but, this apart, the Times does not see that there are any dangers in travelling which strict rules and foresight cennot guard against. The Daily News remarks that almost all general charges are more or less unjust, and it certainly would be unfair on the strength of this accident to condemn either the general management of the company or the special arrange ment and conduct of the Irish mail. Whatever the management of other lines and other special trains may he, we believe that all entitled to give an impartial judgment on the subject will agree that the Irish mail of the North Western Company has hitherto been a triumph of skilful organisation and effec tive management, of which pot only the company but the country might be justly proud. For seven years past, traversing the same line twice a day, has successfully combined, in a higher degree, we believe than any other service, the unusual conditions of extraor dinary speed and perfect safety. But although the special aggravation of the calamity arose out of conditions beyond the control of the company or its servants, it seems not improbable that the immediate cause of the accident may be found to lie within the ordinary rules of railway management. The only way of effectively preventing the disastrous consequences of such an accident as that by which the trucks were separated from the goods train is probably the adoption of the " block" system employed on some of the metropolitan lines, and which has more than once been recommended for general use throughout the railways of the kingdom. According to this plan, which is simple enough both in idea and in working, no train is allowed to pass the station until the master of the next station in front has signalled that the way between them is clear. There may probably be difficulties in the way of applying this system to long distances and express trains. But hardly any difficulties ought to be allowed to interfere with a measure which, if not actually essential to the public safety, would effectually provide against such a terrible calamity as that which the whole country now deplores. The Post is not surprised that the jury was thoroughly bothered, or that the Recorder, wearied with complica tions and beaten by time, found himself not in case at an advanced hour of the evening to dissect the bundle of evidence and present the fact "au sec" to the worried twelve empannelled and boxed up. We do not think the case would have loomed so large, or looked so despair ingly difficult if the Recorder had reduced it by process of elimination to its real dimensions. The letters and the legal documents appear to have constituted the great stumbling-blocks both to the jury and the judge. They are, we confess, as the case stands, unintelligible, unmeaning, and unaccountable. There is no solution of the mystery of the letters. That is true, but we do not feel ourselves bound to fumble about in a fog on account of them. We discard them, and prefer to turn to the great facts which stand out clear in the sunshine. From these the Post concludes, after putting aside the mystification of the letters, which are apparently aimless, objectless, and utterly unnecessary, if not irrele vant, and shelving Lord Ranelagh—who would do wisely to find some other pastime in his leisure hours than chatting in a very doubtful shop with a very doubtful illiterate old woman—that the jury were right in finding the problems, as put to them, insoluble. Another trial may enable another jury to decide between two women who are not worth one quarter of the trouble they have given. The Herald remarks that the difficulties of the trial were of Mrs. Borrodaile's own making, and that neither judge, jury, nor counsel seemed to think they had got to the bottom of the business. The most humiliating portions of her examination were those in which she was confronted with her own letters, of which there seemed to be two sets, one written to Lord Ranelagh, and the other to a third and undiscovered person described as "Dear William." Who was dear William? 'I hat was the question which Madame Rachel's counsel asked, and which the jury found themselves unable to answer. Mrs. Borrodaile said that he was Lord Ranelagh, and that she had addressed him in that way for family reaions. But then came the other series of letters, in which she wrote to his lordship himself, and made evident references to some third person, whose actual losses and prospeaive gains by horses that were sure to win she mentioned in another epistle. If " dear William " was Lord Ranelagh, then the whole correspondence was a sham, one portion of which Airs. Borrodaile had been weak enough to write at Madame Rachel's dictation, while the replies were concocted by Rachel herself, or by some one in concert with her. This was exactly what the prosecution undertook to prove, and in the endeavour to prove which they failed. "Dear William" has been called, like a spirit from the vasty deep, but he has failed to answer those who summoned him, and nothing has been made clear, by this prolonged inquiry, but that being made beautiful for ever is a costly and somewhat perilous process, to which no one can safely submit who has not more prudence and less credulity than Mrs. Borrodaile has shewn. The Daily News estimates a fall in the price of wheat of from 4s. to 6s. before the end of September. Take the mean of ss. as the probable reduction. At this estimate a sum of more than four millions sterling will be available among our own population for buying other articles. The general dispersion of such a sum out of the pockets of con sumers must have some effect upon our domestic trade ; and it is quite as certain that the excellence of the har vest in all the principal countries that we trade with will enable their several peoples to buy snore of our exports. To support high prices of wheat or meat, the supplies must be less than the demand. These, Conditions in the case of wheat are universally reversed, and we do not despair of seeing them considerably modi fied in the case of meat now that the risk of general failure in the grass and root crops is removed. In these conditions there is rational ground for anticipating a revival in trade, sound and unspeculative ; and trade in thatstate will compel where it may not invite financial confidence. A 2 per cent. minimum rate of discount at the Bank of England is the expression of a state of distrust, and the Last twelve months has shewn that the offers of money nt this rate have failed to revive business. This was because the area within which the offers were made was contracted. Low interest offered no temptation. But with enterprise encouraged and trade invigorated, through the means which the harvest will furnish to the population of supplying their wants and increasing their luxuries or enjoyments, money-lender; and money-borrowers will speedily renew their former relations, to the advantage of both and the benefit of the community. The Standard says: The Rev. A. A. Rees, Baptist minister of Sunderland, appears to be a sincere and earnest man, but he must excuse us if we say that to the guile lessness of the dove, which he of course possesses in very large measure, he adds too little of the wisdom of the serpent. Mr. Rees, like most members of his sect, is an uncompromising enemy of establishments, and looks forward with impatience to their downfall. Of course his hopes now centre in Mr. Gladstone, but the right honour able gentleman does not move fast enough for him, Mr. Rees thinks that the disestablishment of all churches must follow Mr. Gladstone's action as a spatter of course. We quite allow that Mr. Rees's argument is conclusive against Mr. Gladstone, but the reverend gentleman forgot that leading and beautiful charleteristie of Mr. Glad stone's mind upon which his admirers are never weary of expatiating. The right lion. gentleman's mind grows, not steadily and unceasingly, but by fits and starts, as a forcing process—with which we need not say logic like poor Mr. Rees's has nothing to do—is applied to it. By a happy peculiarity of his genius, Mr. Gladstone advances to the acceptance of new truths simul taneously with the arrival of the moment in which their profession promises to pay. Mr. Rees has taken the wrong road for want of having observed the beautiful pro cess of Mr. Gladstone's mental developtr,e.nt. He has bothered him with arguments against the Church of Eng land, instead of shewing him that to attack it would give him a majority in the House of Commons. Whenever Mr. Rees, or Mr. Bright, or Mr. Glyn, can satisfy Mr. Gladstone as to such a majority, his mind will leap to the truth so long hidden from him. He will see clearly that a 50t9 Church is necessarily a national evil, THE ACCIDENT TO THE IRISH LIMITED MAIL. The Marquis of Hamilton (who was in the Irish mail train when the collision took place) writes thus to the Times :—" An account of the fearful accident which befel the Irish mail from one who was a passenger in the illfated train and a witness of the catastrophe may not be uninteresting. We had left Abergele about a mile and a half, and were about the same distance from the Llandulas station, when we were startled by a collision and shock which, though not very severe, were sufficient to throw every one against his opposite neigh bour. I immediately jumped out of the carriage, when a fearful sight met my view. Already the whole of the three passenger carriages in front of ours, the van and the engine, were enveloped in dense sheets of flame and smoke, rising fully twenty feet high, and spreading out in every direction ; it was the work of an instant. No words can convey the instantaneous nature of the explosion and conflagration. I had actually got out almost before the shock of the collision was over, and this was the spectacle which already presented itself. Not a sound, not a scream, not a struggle to escape, or a movement of any sort was apparent in the doomed carriages. It was as though an electric flash had at once paralysed and stricken every one of their occupants, So complete was the absence of any presence of living or struggling life in them, that as soon as the passengers from the other parts of the train were in some degree recovered from their first shock and consternation, it was imagined that the burning carriages were destitute of passengers—a hope soon changed into feelings of horror when their contents of charred and mutilated remains were discovered about an hour afterwards. From the extent, however, of the flames, the suddenness of the conflagra tion, and the absence of any power to extricate themselves, no human aid would have been of any assistance to the sufferers, who in all probability were instantaneously suffocated by the black and foetid smoke peculiar to paraffin, which rose in volumes about and around the spreading flames. As soon as I had in some degree realised the situation and placed my family in safety, I ran with all possible spped for a considerable distance on the down line to stop the Irish mail, which was expected on the up line ; but I found that this had already been done, I believe at Llandulas station, where, possibly, they had knowledge of the escape of the waggons which caused the calamity. On my return I found some of the female passengers collected in a neighbouring field, out of reach of the dreaded explosion of the engine-boilers, from which, how ever, the engine-driver had the presence of mind to turn off the steam before he jumped off it. The male Passen gers were assisting in every possible way, their efforts being principally directed to saving the mails and detaching carriages from the burning mass, and it was on comparing notes with each other that the fearful extent of loss of life was realised, and that the task of removing the blackened and charred remains from the burning carriages began. I saw eleven bodies, if such they could be called, removed and carefully wrapped up in sheets. Beyond the knowledge that poor Lord and Lady Farnham were in these carriages, there was nothing to designate them individually, except a watch with Lord Farnham's crest and coronet. Various other watches, bracelets, rings, and jewellery were picked up and taken charge of by the police. The country people, who assembled in large numbers, were very kind in their attention to the sufferers by the collision. Most of the wounds, I ara l happy to say, were but slight, chiefly contusions and cuts, about the h ead. After a delay of six hours the mail train again started on its journey to Holyhead, the ghastly figures and remnants of what so few hours before had been our fellow passengers still remaining in shrouds and temporary boxes where the accident occurred. The accident happened from carelessness, which involves the highest degree of culpability upon those concerned in it. Some waggons, at the extreme end of which were one or more laden with paraffin oil in casks, had been allowed to escape down the line at the rate of thirty miles an hour on the same line of rails up which the Irish mail was proceeding at about an equal pace, the collision which ensued, and which was quite unavoidable by the engine-driver, threw the engine of the mail train off the rails, and no doubt the escape of the paraffin from the broken barrels and its contact with the fires of the engine, as well as the concussion itself, formed the con tinuous stream of flame which enveloped the whole fore part of the train. That an engine of mischief so potent as paraffin should be placed without any exceptional protection at the tail of a luggage train subject to any shock or collision which may befall it, and which alone of itself might cause its explosion, is culpable remissness in itself ; but that by carelessness the waggons should be allowed to detach themselves down an incline and carry death to every living thing obstructing them, is a most serious aggravation of the evil. "Unless some powerful restrictions are put upon the possibilities of such contingencies, travellers by railway will have to inure themselves to the danger of a new form of fearful, instantaneous, and inevitable death, to which the ordinary perils of a collision by comparison appear mild and unimportant." LAW AND POLICE. WRONGFUL CONVICTION.—At the Clerkenwell Police court a man named Bell, who had been convicted and sentenced to penal servitude for sheep-stealing, attended to make a statement. The sheep stolen belonged to . Messrs. Elmes and Jenkins, of Newgate Market, and Bell was convicted on the evidence of three policemen-4 Rowe, Jones, and Ralph—who positively swore a seeing him drive the lambs along the King's•cross road on the night of the robbery. Some time aftei the conviction a rumour became very extensively circu lated that Bell had been wrongfully convicted, whereupon Mr. Guerrier, and other salesmen of Newgate-market, offered a reward of £lOO for information that would clear the matter up. Subsequently three men, Winder, Daley, and Burns, were charged with sheep stealing at Chingford in Essex. Daley pleaded guilty, and gave information which confirmed the reports as to the innocence of Bell. Believing that Bell was an innocent convict, Mr. Guerrier caused a petition to be presented to the Secretary of State. The petition was referred to Sir W. Bodkin and Sir Richard Mayne, and after the most searching investigation it was found that Bell was suffering wrongfully, and he was released from custody, the Secretary of State having awarded him an unconditional pardon.—Mr. Barker said the greatest praise was due to Mr. Guerrier for his disinterested kindness in relieving an innocent man from the sore privation and trouble into which he had fallen, and the cir cumstance of Bell's erroneous incarceration was to be regretted. PEARFI7L CASES OF MANSLAUGHTER.—At the Liverpool Assizes Anthony Fillingham was indicted for the wilful murder of Phillis Hayes. The deceased, who was a widow, lived with the prisoner, and they quarrelled on the night of the murder. The accused struck the deceased in the eye, and she threatened him with the poker. He took the poker from her, and dealt her a severe blow ; but, strange to say, it does not appear to have injured her much, as she went out ; but on returning the prisoner again struck her, and this time with fatal effect. The jury found a verdict of manslaughter, and the prisoner was sentenced to penal servitude for life.—At the same assizes Thomas Howard was indicted for the wilful murder of Elizabeth Howard, his wife, on the 4th August. The prisoner in this case, in a drunken quarrel, had stabbed his wife in the mouth, severing the internal carotid artery, and causing almost instant death. He was con victed of manslaughter, and sentenced to penal servitude for life. £l,OOO DAMAGES AGAINST A RAILWAY COMPANY. —At the same assizes, Mr. Pearson, an auctioneer, brought an action to recover damages for injuries sustained in a colli sion on the defendants' line. The evidence was to the effect that he was permanently paralysed from the effects of the injury, and that he would never recover sufficiently to attend to his business, which was stated to be of the value of £OOO per annum. There was the usual conflict in the medical evidence adduced. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff for £l,OOO. THE RIGHT OF ATTENDING PUBLIC MEETINGS.—At the same assizes an action was brought by Mr. Hayes to re cover damages for an assault under somewhat extraordinary circumstances. The plaintiff, a young man of strong Liberal principles, resided with his father at Leigh. Some time before the 24th of February last the Constitutional Asso ciation of that town determined to hold a meeting on that day. The plaintiff being desirous of attending the meet ing, obtained a ticket of admission from a friend. A Mr. Brideoak was at the door inspecting the tickets of the applicants for admission, and he refused to allow the plain tiff to pass. The plaintiff, however, pushed past him, and got into the lecture-room, and in an instant he was seized by the defendant round the waist and carried by him out through the anteroom, were there !were sixty or seventy people. This was the assault complained of. His lordship said that the law of the case was very simple. If the Constitutional Association or any person on their behalf distinctly requested the plaintiff to leave the ball, and he refused to go, the defendant, as agent for the asso ciation, was justified in removing him. After the case bad proceeded at some length, the plaintiff elected to be nonsuited. FREE AND INDEPENDENT ELECTORS. The Usteestry Advertiser says :" A contemporary states that in the parish of Little Wenlock there is not a single elector out of 110 on the list who dared to sign the requisition to a third candidate for the borough, their reply being that their orders at former elections had been that they should vote for Forester and Gaskell,' and they had no other Yet,".: THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 24, 1868. WOMAN AND NEGRO SUFFRAGE. (From the Anglo-American Tinter.) What we like about the Revolution is its consis tency. It may be said it is not consistent in poli tics ; for it has tried both the Republicans and the Democrats, and thrown each over. But the reason is, that it found in neither the principles it advo cates, to which it adheres, and not to party. The main plank in the platform of the _Revolution is universal suffrage in its broadest meaning—white, black, man, woman. Although we do not believe in universal suffrage, those who do stand on that plat form are bound to the same broad view, for it is a misnomer to call that universal suffrage NI hich ex cludes two-thirds of the people. Miss ANTHONY maintains that white-man suffrage has been a failure. " Man has exhausted his power to save, and saved nothing, not even himself ; he has tried to found a republic and failed, ignominiously failed. He planted it like Lisbon on a volcano, and the war-quake shook it down. He has tried for more than three years to rebuild, to reconstruct, and failed again ; indeed, his last state is worse than the first, if possible." Miss ANTHONY considers that the great political parties, while pretending to save the coun try, are only endeavouring to save themselves, but destroying each other and it ; and the sooner their power is broken the better for themselves, their country, and the world. Her cure-all is Woman Suffrage ; but though doctors may agree that the patient is in a bad way, the remedy is the point on which they dispute. We repeat what has often been said to the Editors of the Revolution, when they in dict man and show his shortcomings, that " women are no better." Indeed, the only answer is, " You're another." From the whole history of creation man cannot point to a single instance in which his go vernment has attained to anything approaching perfection. Had we to look for the best, so hope less would indeed be the task in the old and well known countries of the world that we would seek for it in those of which little is known, such as the ancient Government of Peru, that of Japan or Paraguay. If what was good in these Governments proved to be due to the multi tude of men having as little control as possible, we would be compelled to confess that Miss ANTHONY is not far from the truth. But then back again we come to the remedy ; and it is here we differ. The Revolution would cure existing evils by doing that which in our opinion would add to the evils, for what we assert is that corruption increases in pro portion to the exercise of the ballot by those not fitted to use it. The evils of the United States are mainly owing to the impossibility of making educa tion keep pace with immigration. People strive for material wealth ; and one of the main elements of that wealth to those who have property in the country is increase of population. The United States thus influenced encourage immigration, and could they draw off the better classes from foreign lands the result would not be so injurious. But emigrants as a rule (to which there are many ex ceptions) are the thriftless, the unstable, and the dissolute, who have neither been educated to understand the privileges accorded them in the Union, nor possessed of that true patriotism on the instinct of which the country may rely. Americans do not attempt to disguise the fact that the result has not been encouraging, and many of them look with curiosity on the course taken by England, predicting here a speedy increase of corrup tion, and consequently of bad government. PARKER PILLSBURY, writing of the Southern tone and tem per, says that " the South, seeing no conscientious regard for justice and truth in the North, spurns any such sentiment as foolishness for herself. Met by force, she threatens force. Ruled by men in several of the States who would be denied the right of suffrage in some of the Northern and all the Middle and Western States, she must, of necessity, feel most bitterly humiliated and degraded. And so she opposes or threatens to oppose, force to force, encouraged both by the attitude of the Democracy, led by Hursram BLAIR, the nominee for Vice-Pre sident, and the unscrupulous disregard of all honour, fairness, and right of the Republicans on the question of coloured and woman enfranchise ment." He alludes to the speech of ex-Governor PERRY to ratify the SEYMOUR-BLAIR nomination in South Carolina, who said—"lf the Radicals succeed, our Republican system of Government is gone for ever. A military despotism will be established all over this continent, or a civil war will ensue more bloody and desolating than any which has ever decimated the earth." General WADE-HAMPTON has spoken in tones even more bellicose, and Mr. PILLSBURY sees the only remedy in the formation of a new party, which the Revolution has urged since the Demo cratic nominations were made. Again, he says, " The papers on Monday (August 3) almost smel of blood, and the scene grows worse and worse. The present prospect is, that the Presidential contest must become a wholesale tragedy before its termi nation. The voice of the South is still for war, and Northern counsels are doing little to appease it." In Louisiana attempts have been made on the life of a negro by coloured men because he advocated the Democratic ticket. Bands of anti-Unionists have in two months committed 150 murders, and rebels are organizing to drive the Union men from the State. A riot occurred in Arkansas between the white Conservatives and the black Republicans. The Richmond Whig, speaking of a servile war, writes :—" If such a war must come, let it come quickly ; the South wants peace, and if it is now required to wade through a sea of blood to reach it, the sooner commenced the sooner ended." We may here add that intelligence has just been received of a riot in Richmond, in which two negroes were killed. Such is the undisguised tone of many Southern journals and men of influence. But although the indications are not encouraging, things must be infamously mismanaged at the South by the leaders of the Republican party and by the Legislatures if the country be permitted to drift into such a war ; and no small share of the blame will rest on the Democrats. The New Orleans Times, in its reports of the proceedings of coloured club meetings, states that it had received several com munications asking whether Negro Clubs will be permitted to act with the Democrats in the coming compaign. It answers that their services will be cheerfully accepted, and positions assigned them in the demonstrations to overthrow the " carpet-baggers" and "scallaways," advising them to lose no time in organizing. " The worst use you can make of a man is to hang him," or, we may add, to shoot him, and while the Southerners have such pliable material to mould it would be simply disgraceful should they resort to such a method of coercion. The men of property and influence in the South have but to use their advantages and wait, to break down the power of these political adventurers. What the Southerners have to do is to prove who the true friends of the negro are by their acts, and the race will quickly recognize the fact. But surely the way is not to threaten a war of extermination, and some latitude may be allowed and something borne from the ignorance of men who but yesterday were slaves. Freedom was thrust on the negro, and he as well as his former master is compelled to accept the position decreed by a greater Power, whether for good or for evil, and it would be wise to do so in union and n silence. The negro may find it to be his interest in politically strengthening the hands of his former master, and it is unquestionably the interest of the Southerner to make him believe this, and to keep rigid faith with him in such belief. This is the true solution of the Southern difficulty, and that one to which circumstances will compel all parties to resort to escape disastrous results. Our remedy for the North, that is, for the nation at large, is simply to pass a Civil Service Bill, even more broad in its provisions than that of Mr. JENCKES', of Rhode Island. We advocate the Republican nominees, because we believe that General GRANT'S mission is to carry this into effect, and his services have been of that national character, and so apart from politics, that if not the only, he is the best man to work out the problem. Universal Suffrage is the only sound theory of Government; a State, sup ported by a thread in every citizen's hand. But, unfortunately for the theory, the condition is that the citizens, male and female, are educated, unselfish, and honest. Wherever such a community exists the world is agreed that the theory should be brought into practice ; but, as our religion teaches us, the heart of man is utterly depraved,' oligar. chists say, and with truth, that the fewer of the rascals who rule the better. We would be glad to think the Revolution was right, for there is no in fluence we would more rejoice to see exerted to re deem the world than that of women. But—again these " buts"—we read in a late number of the Saturday Review, a sketch of " The Woman of Fashion," a fit sequel to " The Girl of the Period," which people say—although we are ignorant of these types—are truthfully taken from life. We ask if mankind is to be redeemed by such, and if the experiment in the South, of endeavouring to enforce the supremacy of the inferior over the superior race, has as yet led to satisfactory results ? MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. (From the Anglo-American Tim,es.) Two hundred and five delegates met in Portion Maine, on the 4th inst., in the City Hall, from various parts of New England and of the Domi nion, as an International and Commercial Con vention, to consider subjects cf mutual interest. Governor Merrill of lowa, Hon. Erastus Brooks of New York, Hon. Amasa Walker of Massachu setts, Senator Corbett of Oregon, and Henry T. Blow of St. Louis, were present. The Ame rican delegates expressed kind sentiments, and a strong feeling in favour of annexation. The Re presentatives from the British Provinces agreed in a caucus meeting not to vote on the resolutions, as they referred to matters foreign to the Dominion ; and, finally, the Convention adjourned on the Bth inst. Resolutions were adopted favouring the completion of the Atlantic and Pacific Railway from Halifax to San Francisco by the most direct route, and another from the waters of the St. Lawrence to Puget's Sound; the Niagara Ship Canal, the Champlain Canal, and new lines of railway from the navigable waters of the lake to the seaports of New England. The adjustment, on liberal terms, of the regulations of trade on the Continent. Such arrangements of lines of ocean steamers between San Francisco and China, and across the Atlantic Ocean, as shall secure daily communication between Europe and Asia, across the Continent of North America, by connected lines of railway and ocean steamers, on comple tion of. the lines now built or in progress between Halifax and San Francisco. The llon. Horatio Seymour has with a true in stinct struck the weak points in the Republican armour in his letter accepting the nomination. These are two, the corruption and the abuse of power generated by an overwhelming majority, which eventually throws the supreme control into the hands of the most violent, to the alarm of the more moderate even of the party in power; the other is the hopelessness of expecting a reformation, while the extreme is strengthened by the influx into Congress of the carpet-baggers from the South. He insinuates an expose which rather weakens than strengthens what he says, for the Executive is in Democratic hands, and if there is a Governmental expose it will be in the White House. His way of sympathizing with the most able and moderate of the Republican party, who have been crushed by the vulgar and unscrupulous section in the ascen dant is good, and his words have a strong dash of truth. But he talks of the lambs who led in the rebellion as quietly nibbling for their sustenance the poor pasture left to them, while, in truth, these lambs, such as Wale-Hampton, Henry A. Wise, and Raphael Semmes, are screaming to Democratic audiences in the South in a tone so intemperate that they have created the greatest alarm among their allies in the North. If the Democrats defeat the Republicans it will be for the reason given by Horatio Seymour, ttlat the sway of the party in power had drifted into the hands of the extremists, men unfit to sway in the councils of nations. Advices from Vera Cruz confirm the report that her Majesty's ship Chanticleer had raised the blockade of Mazatlan. Ortego had been released by Juarez, after an eighteen months' imprisonment. At St. Domingo civil war rages ; each party ac cusing the other of an attempt to sell Samana to the United States, though both are striving to effect the sale. In Hayti similar accusations are made by the rival leaders, and it is announced that the troops from St. Domingo have invaded Hayti. From Japan we learn that the civil war is drawing to an end. A compromise is said to have been effected by which hostilities will cease between the Mikado and the Tycoon, but the particulars of the arrangement aro not yet -received. From China the news is that rich gold diggings have been dis covered at Chefoo, in the province of Shantung, and a rush of Chinese had taken place to the spot. The Times discusses the honours and promotions bestowed on the officers of the Abyssinian Field Force in anything but a complimentary way to the Horse Guards. The expedition was emphatically the exploit of the General, and of the heads of De partments. It was a marching, not a fighting, ex pedition. Its fighting was the most contemptible recorded by an arny which his fought in every hole and corner of the glob.), while it was brilliant beyond all comparison for the able way in which it was conducted, overcoming the obstacles of a savage, unknown, and most difficult of difficult countries. But who is it the Horse Guards delight to honour ? Not those who planned and carried out the details of the expedition, but those who were not far off when the two non combatant mules, the victims of the enemy's fire, were killed. Those who remained in the scorching heat of Zoola and Koomaylee suf fered more, and were exposed to greater danger, than those who marched through the bracing cli mate of, the highlands to Magdala, but no one who did not reach the good climate is awarded any ho nour. Several officers returned from Zoola with constitutions damaged by the exposure, and the Lieutenant-Colonel who commanded at Koomay lee was, immediately on his return to Bombay, sent by the doctors to England, so injuriously had the climate affected his health. We have often heard with incredulity people who knew France well assert that there was more capital accumulated in hard money in that coun try than in any other. 'rhe statement was that money was more diffused, and more generally hoarded by the inhabitants than elsewhere, making a prodigious aggregate. A striking proof of the truth of this has now for the second time within a few years been given. The Government ap plied for a loan of £18,000,000 sterling, and the tenders received in response from 781,292 persons amounted to the sum of £880,000,000. The number would have been larger but for certain conditions ; still, as the Minister of Finance says, the eagerness of the public " plainly shows, taking account of the rate £f issue, that the credit of the State, founded on the good faith and exceptional solidity of the debtor, does not find in the present price of the public funds its true and definitive expression." The sum actually deposited was £26,000,000, half as much again as the whole amount applied for ; and this, in the face of a de rangement of trade, little less than that so inju riously affecting England, and the squandering of millions through such Finance Companies as the Credit Foncier. Credit is the essence of war ; and here is the Government of the most warlike of na tions, on asking for eighteen millions, tendered by the inhabitants eight hundred millions ; the odd eighty millions being more, we venture to say, than the foreign subscriptions. This gives an idea of the Emperor's power, which, if neighbouring mo narchs know how to interpret, will make them feel uncomfortable. Sir Roderick Murchison, Sir John Herschel„'and Sir Henry James have consented to act as trustees of a fund which has been set on foot for the purpose of carry ing out a survey of the peninsula of Mount Sinai, with a view to determine the line of march of the Israelites and the true Mountain of the Law. Joseph C. Noyes, one of Portland's prominent citizen; died on Tuesday, Aug. 4, aged 77. He held many offices of honour and responsibility, and was in Congress from 1837 to 1839. [AD VERTISEMENT.]-11enceorth no oue will doubt the valuable properties of Du Barry's health-restoring Revalenta Arabica. Invalids' and Infants' Food, since to the thousands of blessings it has already received from Invalids whose position had been deemed hopeless, we may now add that of his Holiness the Pope, whose health has been perfectly restored by it after thirty years of unsuccessful medical treatment. We quote from the " Gazette du Midi," July 25th :—" Rome, July 21,1866. - Tho health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially since, abandoning all other reme dies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful at every meal. It has produced a surprisingly beneflcial effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too highly." We extract a few out of more than 63,000 cures :—Care No. 53,216, of the Marchioness do Brehan, of seven years' liver complaint, wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, and the most in tolerable nervous agitation. Curs No. 1.771: Lord Stuart de Deeles, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. No. 49,832: "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting —Maria Joly." Cure No. 46,270: Mr James Roberts, of Friniley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and pariial deafness. Im portant Caution—Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron Liebig's name is most authcionsly attached. In tins, at la. 1.;d1; i 11) , 2s. 9d.; 2 lbs., 4s. 6d. ; 5 lbs., 115.; 12 lbs , 22s ; 241bs ,40s.—Also Du BAtutv's 114:VALENTA ARABICA CHOCOLATE PoWDER is packed in tin canisters; For 12 cups at 25., for 24 cups at 3e. 6d., for 48 cups at Cs., for 288 cups at Ids., for 576 cups at 555. Being about ono penny poi cup. The 30s. and 555. tins are sent free of carriage in England on receipt of Post Office Order.—BAßßY DU BARRY and CO., No, 77 e selit r otrot,l4249)2 ; RUU eAI Grcara and Chewista• MONEY AND BUSINESS. (From the Springfield Republican, Aug. 8.) There is nothing now or worthy of special note in the money market. Money continuos easy, and rates remain unchanged—at Boston 4 to 5 por cent. on call, 6 to 7 for discount—at New York, 3 to 5 on call, in some cases 6 por cent. for 90 days' paper —at Cincinnati, the demand for dis counts is a little stronger, and exchange on the East is a trifle better—at Chicago there is a slight improvement in demand, but not enough to carry off the great accumula tions of the past few weeks -at San Francisco rates in bank present no alteration, being stilt 1 to 14 por mouth for short terms, and 10 to 12 per annum for large sums and long periods, with currency bills on Atlantic cities in increased demand. The money market will hardly be as easy two weeks from now ; but we see no reason to anticipate anything more than the most ordinary tension. The New York stockholder estimates that " it will require 53,000,000 per day to purchase the grain and other produce that will come daily to two cities in the West, commencing say September 1, and continuing to the close of navigation." The stockholder, we think, takes rather strong views of the indebtedness of the East ; and puts the amount of Western balances hold by the New York banks rather too high. There aro a great many little circumstances which reduce the power of the West to draw on the East, notwithstanding the splendid showing which the crops make. It is true, however, that the present accumulations at New York are the result of industrial depression accompanied by financial ease—and that the slightest cause will bo sufficient to give these riches wings. But allowing for this extraordinary and oven cumbersome accumulation of money, the liabilities of the East are not so great as they are made out. It must be remembered—for ono item—that the Western pro ducer will have to be content with considerably less for his wheat and oats than he has received of late. Gold has had a famous week of it. When it closed last week at 145, wo expressed our confidence that it would take a breathing spell, and go up another five very shortly; but we did not anticipate that it would take place so quickly. Saturday was the great day. The fight between the bulls and bears grow furious, and it was manifest that each recognized the importance attaching to the figure 45. If that could once be firmly established, a further advance was pretty certain. If gold could be beaten down below that point, it would bo very much at the mercy of its ene mies. Accordingly, tho battle assumed Homeric pro portions, and raged all day around the fateful spot. The fall of night left the bulls in full possession of the field, and settled the fortunes of gold, at least for a time. On Tuesday it reached 1461, on Wednesday it stood at 149 to 1491, and on Thursday touched 150, but was not able to retain it, and closed at 149. Tho last advance has been so rapid as to make it not improbable that it will meet a temporary reverse ; but we look on its permanent establishment above 145, and its ultimate advance to 150 as certain. Tho export of a mil lion in the Alaska purchase is used to explain this sharp twist upward, but it was a very trivial cause to produce such an effect. A peculiarity of that shipment, by the way, is that it was made with exchange at 1091 to 110 per cent. Governments have sympathized with the advance in gold, but not to the extent that might have been ex pected. The time allowed for the conversion of Seven thirties expired on the 2d. About five millions remained unconverted at the close out of all that gigantic war loan ! Those will be paid off in currency at par, according to their terms. Ten-forties have advanced to 109 i. It is not right that a five per cent. bond, payable in six more years, should stand so near the Six par Cents. ; and if there wore any honesty in our Government, they ought not to be held at that price, but exchanged for Five-twenties. A point of some interest is made in regard to the Five twenties of 'GS, '67, '6B, namely, that they are actually, by the terms of the law, payable in coin. The Act roads, "The principal and interest or both may be made payable in coin or other lawful money. Provided, that the rate of interest on any such Bonds or Treasury notes when payable in coin shall not exceed 6 per cent. per an num, and when not payable in coin shall not exceed 7 3-10 per cent. per annum." It is urged that it was left optional with the Secretary to issue either class, and that his deci sion as to the mode of payment and rate of interest was to be conclusive. Air. M'Culloch has always maintained that these bonds were payable in gold. However, such refinements aro not very valuable, If the nation is sot on the rascality of repudiation, little matters of interpretation will not stand in the way, and no more mercy will be shown to one class of Five-twenties than to another. The Funding Bill, the fate of which was iu doubt at our last weekly report, has not been signed by the President, and would not have amounted to anything if he had. The amendments which the House imposed on it simply reduced the bill to an absurdity, and the con ference with the Senate, which was honest and earnest in the matter, only succeeded in bringing it back to a respectable nullity. As we have often remarked, the conversion of the debt at a • lower rate of interest jis a practical matter, though it seems never to have struck the gentleman financiers at Washington in that light. The question is not what ought to satisfy a Government credi tor—or what is intrinsically just to him or convenient to the Treasury—or what Great Britain pays ? It is simply at what rate of interest will the holders of Six per Cent. Five-twenty Bonds consent to exchange them for longer bonds ? A very important element in this problem is the aptitude and habitudes of our people in regard to usury; and any plan which does not meet these is it failure at the start. The Seven-thirty Loan wont off to the amaze• moist and admiration of the world, because, after half a dozen experiments, the Treasury had finally hit on a scheme which " suited the notions" and " came up to the ideas" of American capitalists, large and small. There is no such thing as good financiering, irrespective of the conditions of the case. Now a loan on the terms proposed by the bill as it came from the Senate would, in all probability, have been found practicable. If there is any one thing which our people have not been accustomed to it is low rates of interest. They should therefore be "let down" to them gradually. If there is any one thing which our people, popularly, do not understand, it is the value of time on a loan. They should therefore be " edu cated up to it." These are two great elements of the situ ation. Five per Cent. Bonds, running twenty-five years certain, free from tax►tion, would not have been an entire novelty; they would, in common parlance, have been "something like." And with the suspicions which, un fortunately, rest upon the payment of the Five-twenties, and with the extraordinary case of the money market, in viting and encouraging investment, there is no seasonable doubt that the Five per Cent. Bonds would have gone off easily, and even at a premium. This ono fact would have introduced to the public attention the Four and a 'Half per Cent., having a still longer time to run, and would have advertised their value, and so with the Fifty-years Four par Cents. We may as well confess here to a doubt whether, even so, the fair proportion of Four-and-a-half and Four per Cents. would have been taken ; but if Congress had nret next winter, and had found the whole 6700,000,000 of Five per Cents. which were authorized already taken up, and a demand still existing for more, the country would have cheerfully acquiesced in the conversion of the whole debt at 5 per cent., with such exceptions, at longer terms and lower rates, as there was actually a demand for. But with the crude, harsh terms of the loan, as adjusted in the confer ence, it has not a ghost of a chance. We doubt if there is a financier in the country who would expect to see five millions of the debt converted under the present bill. Tho reduction of the rate of interest, and the exten sion of the term of payment, are too abrupt for our dis positions and habits. It took several years for the Go vernment to get thoroughly en rapport with the pockets of the people during the war ; and it was at last only by exactly hitting the popular taste and notions that the "three-hundred-barrel well" was opened. The pre sent bill; wo are pretty sure, will not meet the American fancy. When Yankee repudiators try to obtain the money of intelligent capitalists, at rates which are only conceded to unquestioned integrity and stability, it is not a violent inference that they will fail. Our Government will have to get a little of the hang-dog twist and the sheep-stealing expression out of its countenance before it will borrow in the great markets of the world on equal terms with Great Britain. The Chicago Convention was right: the way to reduce the burden of the debt is to seise the credit of the nation. The railway market has been more than usually exciting. The Wabash bubble having burst, that stock has not been of much importance. Erie has had an Iltventful week. On Saturday the common stock stood at 68} ; on Tues day it was down to 63} ; on Wednesday it fell to 58} ; on Thursday it went as low as 56, but rallied under a re port that Uncle Daniel Drew hal returned to town and was buying stock heavily, and rose to 61. It closed for the week at 60}. The Reston, Hartford, and Erie, which has for some time boon steadily appreciating, has at last touched 20t. Mr. Eldridge having been ousted from the presidency of the Erie, will probably be able to give his undivided attention to the road, and the advantages of his able management will soon bo experienced by the original stockholders. It is said that the company has completed the sale of $5,000,000 of its first mortgage bonds, getting $4,000,000 for them, $2,000,000 down. This, it is supposed, will secure the Massachusetts loan of $3,000,000, and that this will be sufficient to complete the road to the Hudson river. Reck Island has received a forward impulse by the dissolution of the injunction against the stock divi dend, and by the certainty of reaching the Missouri, in spite of the Chicago and North Western, and has risen to 112. Michigan Central is strong at 120. Southern has fallen off and stands at 86}. Now York Central has sympathised with Erie, and is off two or three per cent. The Border State bonds are generally in good demand at high prices, except Tenuessoes. l3readstuffs aro firmer and higher. The decline seems to have taken place in advance of the crops, and prices are now recovering, under the actual receipts. The most marked advance is in corn, in anticipation of the reopen 'Jig of the distilleries. The crops are coming in with great glory. Tho timely rains of the last three weeks have done all that was needed, and scarcely any section has cause for complaint. The receipts at the lake parts do not yet equal those of 1366, but are close upon thetn, and are already eleven million bushels in advance of last year's. Cotton continues low. Advicos from Liverpool are parti cularly tuafayourable, is view of as uttusually large export from India. The manufactured goods begin to show their sympathy with the staple. The fall trade has not begun, and quotations are as yet of little account. (From the Wall-street Journal) FRIDAY EVENING, Aug. 7. American silver is selling at 6i to 7k cents below the price of gold. Mexican Dollars are quoted at 1034 to 101 k in gold. Foreign exchange is dull, and in prime bills there is no change. In bills drawn against speculative shipments of United States Bonds to Germany there is much fluctuation, and average names are offered at fully a per cent. below the regular rate. The Border State Stocks continue to bo pressed on the market, and prices are generally lower. Rail road stocks are generally lower, the break in Erie having greatly impaired confidence. Erie, Reading, and St. Paul stocks are particularly heavy. Mining stocks are very dull, the exceptions being Smith and Parmelee and New York (of Colorado). Among the gold stocks Conso lidated Gregory is particularly heavy ; and among the silver stocks we note that Combination (of Nevada) is freely offered without finding buyers. P troleuna stocks are in good demand, and an active business is doing. United States is much inquired for, and the little stock offered has been quickly taken at 52 25. NEW YORK RITES UP EXCIIA.NGE, Aug. 80868._ Sixty Days. Three Days. London Bankers London, Prime Commercial lO9 —lo9i Paris, Bankers Bremen, Bankers Ifamburgh, BanliAl 351 —361,- Frankfort, 0.31 4O —4l Berlin and Cologne Antwerp 5.20 —5.15 Amsterdam, Bankers Swiss By telegram from San Francisco, dated Aug. 6, 1868, we have the following quotations of Silver Mining Stocks: Gould and Curry ... $99 per foot Savage 3,126 „ Chollar-Potosi 133 „ Ophir Hale and Narcross 2,080 If Crown Point 2,084 71 Yellow Jacket . 1,025 „ Belcher .. 112 „ Alpha 44 Kentucky ... 375 Bullion •.• Overman ... Empire Mill ... Imperial .•• Confidence ... Amader Exchequer ... Quartz Hill Lady Byron ... ..• ... ,7 ... 112 pr share. ... 262 ... ... ~ ••• ••• ,7 Express Stocks are quoted as follows : Adams ... ... ... ... ... American ... ... ... ... ... Merchants' Union, 35 per cent.... ... ... 52} to 52- ... 441 to 44t ... 24k to 244 United States ... to 47 Wells, Fargo, and Co. to 27 Tho following were tho closing quotations for the various Public Funds of the United States in New York : Sixes 18G8, registered to . . ... Sixes, 1868, coupon to Sixes, 1881, coupon ll6l to 116} U.S. Gs. Pacific Railroad to Five-twenties, 1862, coupon Five-twenties, 1864, coupon Five-twenties, 1865, coupon Five-twenties, 1865, coupon, new Five-twenties, 1867, coupon Ten-forties, coupon lO9 to 109} Seven-thirties, 2d series Seven-thirties, 3d series Oregon War Loan, Sixes, 1881 U.S: 5-20 Coupons, 1868 lO9l to 1091 The following were the closing quotations this evening for the Railroad and Miscellaneous Stocks : N. Y. Central l3l Fort Wayne - Erie Hudson Reading Mich. South. &N. I. ... 861 W. U. Telegraph Illinois Central Cleveland & Pittsbrg B9 Ohio and Mississippi... 30} North-West North-West Preferred 82 Cumberland Canton 4B Bankers and Brokers... 9 9 Rock Island Cleveland and Toledo 1011 St. Paul Preferred (from Messrs. Satterthwaite's Circular.) London, Aug. 19. The transactions in American Government securities on the London Stock Exchange have been on a limited scale, and on the week show a slight decline, 5-20's of 1882 clos ing 714 to j, and the 1865 issue 70 to 4. United States 10-40 Bonds leave off 66 to I, but they are now ex the coupon payable on Ist September. Illinois Ceatral Shares have declined to 91 to but the chief feature in the mar ket has been the uninterrupted fall iu Eries, which to night leave off at the worst point, viz., 301 to 11, with weak aspect. In Atlantic and Great Western securities there is no noteworthy change. ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD.—WO learn from a reli able source that a telegram has been received this day from New York, announcing that this company has passed a resolution calling in ono million dollars of the Seven per Cent. Construction Bonds at the rate of 120 per cent. it will be remembered that, by the terms of the mortgage given by the company to the trustees to secure the Con struction Bondholders, it was agreed that the money re ceived upon sales of land mortgage should, as received, be applied to the cancel!ation of said bonds, either by purchase in the market, or by calling them in and paying accrued interest and principal, with a bonus of 20 per cent. The numbers of the bonds:called in will, no doubt, be shortly announced. This step is gratifying, as a proof that the affairs of the company are progressing in a most satisfac tory way. The previous retirement of bonds was for $3,000,000 in October, 1864. Mrs. E. Cady Stanton, writing from Peterboro' , New York, August 1, speaks of Judge Elbert Herring , from New York, who, though in his 92d year, performe d the long journey alone. He is described as being the life and soul of the house, telling good stories at dinner , and being wide awake to all the fun and wit that was flying. Being a good judge of feminine beauty he, invariably selected as his partner a sister of Gener a. ' , John Cockrance. " Like G. F. Train," says E. C. 8 " " Judge Herring neither ' smokes, nor drinks, nor chews , nor lies, nor steals, nor swears;' no wonder, with clear conscience, and good habits, he is what he is, at ninety-two. . . . . On last Sunday morning W e had the pleasure of preaching in ' the Free Church' on the ' Women of the Bible,' to a large and attentive audience' At five p.m., as is the custom here, the congregation assembled to criticise the morning discourse, when we he' d a spirited discussion on the whole question of suffrage fo r women. At the close, a rising vote was taken, which Was almost unanimous in the affirmative, only one maiden bah and one coloured youth, Theodore West, rising in oPP° 5i ; tion. Walking in the cemetery that evening, we fo unt " Theodore wandering among the tombs. We remarked t ° our ,kinsman that he seemed wholly given over to the dead past. Approaching him, Mr. Smith said, So Yo li , are not willing that the women should vote?' No, si r ' he replied. ' Why?' we asked. 'Because,' said he, 'th e Bible forbids it.' But suppose,' we said, 'that wome n have lunatics, idiots, drunkards, thieves, or murderers, fo r husbands, W or have no husbands at all, what then ?' The o ' dore thought a moment, and said, ' When I am better Dl formed, I will answer.'" The same lady gives a beautiful picture of the home of Gerrit Smith, and thus describes his wife :—" I n a tasteful, rustic frame-work sat this beautiful womalif just in the prime of life. She was dressed in pure whi te j with no ornament but that of a meek and quiet spirit, 141 , a bunch of forget-me-nots upon her breast, her dark cal sprinkled with grey, falling on ono shoulder, and her Se eyes gazing upward with the depth of expression that r . e f ; veals spiritual insight. This is Ann Fitzhugh, the Wes of Gerrit Smith, and this is the place where she corninuti with the invisible world, with the spirits of just men a 's o women made perfect through suffering Here she rea Davis and Harris, and discusses the doctrines of Mod er spiritualism, in which she is a firm believer." f [ADVERTISEMENT. I —Holloway's hills.—Comfort of Everybody.—lt is essential for health that every organ., the body be fully competent and duly prepared for t he 11- of tural execution of its appropriate function, which ell os a be the case under great transition of temperature 11,°100 some corrective medicine be taken occasionally. " t or the chilling winds of spring are succeeded by the enr a . o at heat the liver and skin can only be maintained in offict,,,, action by some such alterative medicine as Hollow°2o,, noted pills, which regulate the circulation, cool the syst: f a and fortify the nerves. By means of this all-p00,,` be purifier many lingering and painful maladies NcTooa, escaped, and the more acute diseases of cholera, diarre dysentery, and bilious fever will be averted. Births. DURRANT —On the 21st inst., at 5, Devonshire-hill, gaillr stead, Mrs. Alfred Durrant, of a son. , St- FISHER—On the 21st inst., at 7, Marlborough - Pi n- o 'f 6 John's-wood, the wife of J. Fisher, jun., B$(1.1 daughter. goi c ' t NoELI—On the 20th inst., at Cadiz, the wife o f Noeli, U.S.A., of a son. Marriages. , r foll DEACON—HORNCASTLE —On the 22d inst., at the i r; to church, Hackney, Octavius Deacon, o f Fincl ue- "tle, of Louisa, youngest daughter n augh a te ls r t o o. of the late Chas. gore Esq., o rr r•-1° it,' GRAIIAM—M IDDLETON —On the 20th inst., at -- V T. ' Episcopal Church, Dean Bridge, Edinburgh, otte, Graham, Esq., 1, Henderson-row, to Marg aret A tool only surviving daughter of the late John Middle Eq., of Hainford, Norfolk. Deaths. Bt:CK —On the 19th inst ,at King's-hill, Rochester, l ' it' Thomas Buck, aged 76. BAKER -On the 20th inst , at Elm Lodge, A vth widow of the late Joshua . Baker, Esq of Manor 0.-° ° -' Kilburn, Middlesex, aged 82. " i S V . l BOWEING —On the 19th lust., at 300, New-cross -Oa'? -. George Bowriug, Esq., aed 73. noi r CUTBUSII—On tho 21st inst ,at 268, St. Paul's-road, Ca bury, Mr. Wm. Cutbush, aged 45. bal l ' MOORE—On the 9th inst., at Shute-end, Wokivg ELilburnil- se Berke, Mr. Win. Moore, late of the War-office. . o xo, London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM AN 2. of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tag SUN O, el ° o r Strand, in the Precinct of the S e voy, iII tdiche 'CialtaiJ liliddlBo9z....liipudity, Aqua A 1608. [THE FOREIGN SERVICE BILL. Among the bills introduced and passed over till the next Session of Congress was the Foreign Ser vice Bill by Mr. DAVID T. PArreesosT, of Tennes see, Chairman of the Joint Committee on Retrench ment. Being designed to effect a radical reform, as it was only read for the first time on the 2d July, it was impossible to settle so important a sub ject on a stable foundation at the fag end of a session, and therefore it was wisely reserved for future debate. It proposes to assimilate the Ame rican to the European system. Candidates are to be educated expressly for the Consular service, and to be only admitted after examination, when their promotion will mainly hinge on their qualifications, the advancement to each grade being prefaced by an examination. A board is to be appointed, consisting of the President, Secretary of State, and three Commissioners, who are to conduct these examina tions and to settle by this test the priority of mem bers of equal standing with the power in cases of necessity to delegate that duty to competent per sons at home or abroad. The further duties of this Board are to be acquainted with the capacity, character, conduct, and natural aptitude of each member of the service, to be minutely informed of the importance of the diplomatic relations with the various nations, of the value of the United States trade at all ports, and of the prospects open in new or untried quarters. It can advise promotion or degradation, or change of any kind in the represen tation at Foreign Courts or ports. No appropriation shall be made for the salary of an official unless he shall have passed theprescribed examination. The members of each grade shall be equal in rank and pay ; the promotion shall be step by step under the ordeal of examination, but of every grade the senior takes precedence. Posts may be raised or lowered in the scale according to the increase or decrease in im portance in their political or commercial relations with the United States. Payment is to be by sala ries ranging from $l,OOO for a consular clerk to $7,500 for a Consul-General of the first grade; and from $l,BOO for an Assistant -Secretary of Legation to $17,500 for an Envoy or Minister of the highest grade. Advancement will depend on seniority, ability, and experience ; a certain proportion of promotion may be made irregularly for service of special value, unusual ability, or other good cause, and it is not rigidly confined to the service, as any citizen peculiarly qualified might be selected. At the same time ample power is re tained to degrade or dismiss incompetent members. The bill provides that when an American school has been established in China or Japan in which to study the languages, literature, laws, and customs of the inhabitants, graduates from it may be ap pointed to positions in China, Japan, and else where in the East. The bill further provides for retrenching, by uniting missions such as those to Belgium and Holland, to Spain and Portugal, to Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. These, we are given to understand, are the main features of the Foreign Serviceßill now awaiting discussion, many of which will doubtless be modified or wholly changed before it becomes law. The chief objection antici' pated is, that the principle militates against the spirit of American institutions. Anything savour ing of the creation of a caste is opposed to the grand Republican doctrine that all men are equal, and therefore equally qualified for all posts, and they can best show their qualifications by securing the posts which is in itself proof of their smartness. However exquisitely beautiful may be this theory, it is not found in practice to work well in any branch of public employment, more especially in such as the Diplomatic and Consular Services which re quire peculiar aptitude and training. The report dwells earnestly and at length on the injurious effect of the present system on the commerce of the United States, and furnishes startling facts and figures. It is stated that British, French, and Dutch commerce owe more than the people would readily believe to the Consuls of those coun offotrhe inhabitants amongst special aptitude, un derstandingtri es . They th are la whom they sojourn, and not only knowing how to selected ng uag e e construct a report, but how to gather the informa tion which can alone make it valuable. Those who who do not understand the work are duped by de signing natives, and have to compile from State reports, newspapers, and such old or unreliable sources; while they ought to search out their facts from their own, and from utilizing the observations of others, being thoroughly acquainted with the wants as well as the productions of the people of whom they write. Thus only can they direct their researches in the right direction, and their country's commerce into the best channels. When full and reliable intelligence is procured, Americans will act quickly, and it is calculated that the trade of the country has lost incalculably from the want of such data. Generally the people are ignorant of the duties and value of Consuls, and they have not as yet learned to associate these officers with the national trade. Nor is this surprising, when the vital necessity for a radical change has become imperative in home branches of the Civil Service, and yet the Bill to effect this is tossed contemptuously aside. Washington is the focus of corruption ; there may be seen the wheels within the wheels ; ring within ring, in confusion so confounded that "no feller can understand." The Press has inces santly urged the necessity of a sweeping and gene ral Civil Service Reform ; but it appears impossible to arouse the people to a full sense of its importance. They are too new to taxation to do more than the dog does that bites at the tongs that pinch him in stead of the man who thus applies them. Though they feel the effects of the machinery, they have not as yet investigated the motive power, which, when they do, they will find a clumsy engine capable of vast improvement, and well worth their while to improve. Hitherto they have left reform. to be originated and effected in Wash ington, but they might as well employ the whisky ring to put a stop to Revenue frauds. There are two classes involved—the one the politician, who gains ; and the other the vast body of the people, who lose by the present system; and the people who lose leave the politicians, who gain, to abolish the abuses on which they fatten, while the citizens show their indifference by taking no interest in the subject. If the politicians of Washington were something angelic, patriotic, self-sacrificing., and pure, then after a hard struggle with all that is good in them, honesty might come out victorious, and the reforms be effected. But is this the character of the politician ? To whom does America owe a corruption which is rapidly exceeding all hitherto known quantities. Others of the same kidney have been restrained within some bounds, however wide the latitude, either by a glimmering of conscience or an idea that it was unvtise to kill the goose that laid the golden eggs, but the Washington politician would not only kill, but gobble up the bird, feathers and all. The people look on rather amused at the smart genus they have generated, and apparently wholly unconscious that they are the " goose." They begin, however, to feel disagreeably the plucking proc ss, and doubtless they will wake to a livelier sense of the position when they fully realize the fact.—Anglo-American Times. While a number of labourers in the employment of Anthony Traill, Esq., Ballylough, wore making a deep excavation on the borders of a bog, they came upon a fiuo specimen of the ancient Irish canoe. It is hollowed out of a single oak tree, and measures about 24 feet by 3 at the widest part. EXCLUSIVE, VERY lISPORTANT, RARE, AND VALUABLE are the properties of Lamplough's Pyretic Saline, curing the worst headaches, sickness, skin, or biliary affections. Pleasant, palatable, awl brtigeratbig. §old_by all chemizto.--EAdytj Th,F3 prize M Iti - p Sold i the Agei - E Obser han's 1.4] ~L 1171; ADVAI hold or able we Form s i R° i~ ~ Pril from, Mitch i ll 11 1834, add ed. Extra DT pro ve rel.'n od Gout , delic a dren, 172, 1 F Gnplb Or ußif a ds atty._ Uar. tiOu; PE MI de ro r u ot nm, ttoa s trans! 111 4 /I ~~ SP !Peed os. 6, all IN :lours to r G Cher, II t zki g f°etil eq . .• ehet li move ''..ith e d . ; V Er Sta r , 411 ( se v — e 'ena: tly t ,„ ttild