The Sun. — London, England, 1845-01-13 00:00:00

* QBEY AND CO_MIVIERCIAL : 4 16 W S Cl7'Y, QUARTER TO THREE . rtird a There was no change in. Cotton at Liverpool on Sa i. Sales, 4,000 bales, of which 500 to exporters. ` - "A air husine.s was done in Shares at about previous ic ) a ri tdesg.e--I3irrninghain and Gloucester, 1031 104 ; Cam and Lincoln, 21. 17s Gd. 21. 18s. 9d. ; Chester and Birkenhead 36i i ; ChurnetiValley, 4*; Direct Northern, 2,-11,1Eastern Counties, 15N; Edinburgh and Gla'sgow, 621 ; 27 226 Dumfries, and Carlisle, li ; Grand Junction, ' 4 7 226 . Ditto, Halve s , 113 ; G reat N ort h of England, 151 ; dreat Weste rn , 1661 ; Di tto, Halves, 97 ; Lancaster and Carlisle, 14k; Liverpool and Manchester, 11 218 ; Kendal and Windermere, 41. Is. ; London and w -ir . lll , ln gharn, Quarter Shares, 261 ; Ditto and South -I,em-ti'vrier New, 8i ; Lynn and Ely, 211-; Manchester and A --5 ' 122 i; Midland Counties, 118 ;Ditto, 40t Shares, Union wcaittle and Berwick, 8; North Kent, 3i; North aester,,l4974; Scottish Central, 21; Sheffield and Man -99i; South-Eastern, 421 1; Ditto, New, 411 Lyons and Avignon, 2/. 155., 24 14s. 6d.; Orleans, It " 11.82 and Bordeaux, 71 i; Boulogne and Amiens, 4.i, EAorthern of Prance, There are in sever tof the private letters and papers laat received from Calcutta some very interesting items of information more immediately connected with the The o f agricultural pursuits in that vast continent. 4he praiseworthy and persevering efforts of the Govern !tent of I n di a to encourage and extend the growth of the 141cottd th on plant w ere rapidly in the course of development, 1 e results at no very distant period are likely to be tza most important and be character. In the etension of the growth of linseed, too, rapid strides have pi:, ll ,, r !ade• An import into Hull, that has just taken j,, -- "e no good in quality, according to a circular sent n 1189 that it is at the highest market value— ' g a e r l i t l el?, 475. per quarter. The finest Black .p et l aseed was quoted at 465. to 475. , ersburgh ordinary, &c., 408. to 425. ; the same price for jinni 438. gbeerg and nige.; and Archangel at 40s. to • tut die quarter, arter. When it is recollected how great is to bring the seed from Bombay and Cal- In 44,, s tance compared with the northern ports[of Europe, it sp b e well affirmed that our East Indian population The Eking rapid s t r id es i n i mprovements and industry. ;1 - ' n ano market at H u ll was fi rm at from 6/. 10s. to leh . Per ton for Af r i can qualities. The last arrival from ti i ll _ ll °° was held f ur hi g h er prices. At Liverpool also c:0- them for Guano is pretty firm, the news from the intriatnander of the Queen's Ship on the station having re a l lll ,.., lll ed that not more than 90,000 to 100,000 tons m oll' C.t o be tak en o ff , and that there were British ships TO island to take all of it on board. f orm ". accounts from Madrid fully confirm the in- Goy 411011 received at the close of last week, that the wit,ernroent had succeeded in effecting an arrangement opiningae Bank of Madrid for supplies to pay the forth must ..r .n d a l k v e ld ende on the Three per Cents. This bank pain, and tahepretty picking out of the Treasury of kris s3'SteM is t question 'is naturally asked, how long , erneawted if the Finagnoceon: iinis S t o e m r e pa p; s opl i e n w il i l s ic h itly t° .- ` Lis s Spain, in this An swer to . the uestion would ~ .not a few interested, as creditors of - Royal decrees to confirm contracts so made cost A r 1 , 4111;11 e expense or trouble in the drawing up and sign s. I g, but it is feared that the National Debt of the country ' * I ? ei ng Most unduly augmented by this and similar glerations , t , • • - o ttini 31st of August. -here have he--en'some accounts received at the Hall of 1,,e erce, from South Australia, to the . the,ps this is the information, that it was intended by 5 ,2nrernment to place one uniform duty on imports of lk,,rr cent. The revenue of this colony, ending in June, otinted to 7 8,934/. There are some accounts from Colonistse! Zealand, but they are not of any interest. The ~. are represented as being very badly off. o,l l ' bna always • been our desire to promote as far as pos w-7e the employment of capital in the hersformaton of rail. ' 11 1 2 Ind other public improvements in ster Isle. ei,i e ' ei n're we think the following extract from the cir ; -a r• of Mr. John Wills sent to us this morning descry il:lg attention :—"ln Ireland there are yet no such in rests to claim the protection of Government ( E 11 2 e ,.. writer had previously dilated upon the egitsh • lines), and, therefore, where there is . oe°lllPetition, it is the competition between one embryo o nre • and another-- for example, the • Dublin and . „., 11 , 1 waY-' against the ' Mlillingar ' and the ' Dublin ---4 Cashel ' t he dir ect ' extensions t o Li mer i c k an d C ork, against Cork and Limerick.' Hence the plain duty to consider of Tr a d e w ill be, so far as Ireland is concerned, • "' consider which of the competent schemes offer the most s Peedy and c h eapest means of communication, which are • ‘lO be connected by the formation of railways ; and Wh ere, as in the case of the Cork and Limerick (Vig toles' line), t wo o f the most important cities (the Pemetro excepted) are proposed to be connected by a line with few engineering difficulties, only sixty-one miles in l ength, whilst the Cashel Company is nearly eighty-one Miles in length, it is hardly to be supposed that such an i mpartial tribunal as the Board of Trade will sanction the long line with great er eng i neering difficulties, to the shorter line, which is proved to be in every respect superior as a means of uniting the two great cities alluded to.' Moreover, the 'Direct Cork and Limerick' terminus in Cork will be in the centre of the city, on Camden Quay, an advantage that cannot be estimated too highly, in a commercial point of view, whereas the terminus of • its rival will be one mile and 100 yards from eny of the qua s." , Consols for the Account have been very steady st ,l, - 4 - , and the same for Money, the former value ruling „,,-- t e present moment. The New Three-and-a-Quarter tiit Cents. have been done at 104 ; Exchequer Bills at at 10101645, premium; and the Three per Cents. Reduced i.:ll'i',,?‘.v:.4!alings in the Foreign Market have been various. .• t, ll lll,,`„% l 'eh Scrip has been sold at 11 per cent, premium. ‘.„ O lai - , '''''`ads have fallen from 1011 to 1001 ; Clumhian r %rtu ro ' 414 1 the Mexican at from 34/ to 35} 0 1. The ~,9 , 4 fo 1,44 Covierted Bonds have fallen from 60.1 . to 4 n 4 re e r t - oney a ,,,a to 59i .for the Account. Spanish t l ' ee l- t er C aLt I._ h re been flat at 26k i, and the Three eav n ' •at 36 hare been flat &t 26k , and the Three Sasy th 36 I '' , general the market has been , L 43' co t n ili ; B 4101 1111;g. n ' the itcisiderable amount of business . has been done in n ; fi t , I WaY S haresd ylf anything, the l ii our o f to- a . sarin, an • r,-viiill i mprovement, the demand being good - l 'eeted I .Y i o n the Irish and the French lines. 'The cor hitr p i t st O f official quotations are annexed. '' Sil F UNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. 3 p er 'From the Official List.) 3 Cent. Reduced Annuities lO O 3 / 4% &e' er C ent. Consols Anna L e _ Nr 31 4 Per Cant, Annuties 104%% 104 ng Annuities, Expire sth Jan. 1860 l2 3-161 la °3 O rears, Expire Oct. 10,1859 l2 ~ Consols for 0 • txchequ„ Bills,Pening zti: .................... . .._ Ditto 62 64 pm. Dit to 5 _7 . -:i .............. ... -- A7dvalertis cl. ......... pm. • 4- aleE 0 , c e iail P i a o n ß ß E o l n GZFU e N rc D e S nt AT ONE O'CLOCK. 101 1 4 100% Columbian Bones , , „ 14% la 1)11100 forth Mexican Deferred Accounted Stock ISA ' °lt ugliese Bonds, 5 per Cent — ~I.._,tit Ditto Converted 6 0 14 59 3 1 ..-' Ditto for the Account. 'Vanish Bolds 5 per Cent., 1840., 2 63 -v„..Ritto for tht Account. -.ditto Deferred r Ditto 3 1 6 6 , at° 3 per Cent Dutch Ditto for the Account. 37 36% 2 1 ' er C t Ditt o I ,i' P en 3 0 i 7 , IIRIC! per Cent. Certificates ,4 to - E OP SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK. kiir tn; ••• , AIL • L AYS PER SHARE. PAW. b Pit ‘ t ri o l i a n ni and Gloucester 100 lO3 Il?fitoi l an '`v,- ........ 17% ... 25 1 4 to 18,, d -Exeter .. ....... . .. 75 -- t l,OCr l!liel G10u ce5t er......... ' 4l t orri llt , . 3O 41% Nstreid° an a . iia - c • o'i ...... 5 n . iliiti i rli nd INA, ...... 11, t et Valle . ad ......... 5 ern n u .................. • 2 4 .IJo. pe',.?._nties ............... .25 r eiit 1,;,:g1.05 i• Ct. No. 1,3% f taigland ...... 100 Bits New " 148 Bi t 81 1 G reat t° ares .. 5 441)tt, ...................... 2 itto", "Bt,,er,n ............................. 80 166 ;,aste r :J,S,,hares ......... 5 0 patie an, ;,.kr.lisle ......... 10 lil eat ii.e'_ -01rmingharn -.100 ,oilcion 4111.:r Thirds ......... 2 i z ttl -.84 G s r o een wiej; •- ........... _ndo 4 ~, ' 4 Bright on ... 50 .... 501 4 % to 1274 ........ 10 - s A to _ t/,,,.._, 0,1 5 ,_ .. uth Western.. 4 1A 1 ...... 75% to 76% t uuor i 44ci11, ........ •. .. --- • 6. , / to kache o„.. ... . 1 ..-. 4 7 ti ..b .it , 8 1 t 7Q,_ ,eeds ......... 70 ...... / 4... .. 4 t o and I ...- . 3 4 ,i to Zs•,!(tiarld ... Quitr ea ...... .. ...... 30 riati,iL•• ; , ........ , ..... ioo 'No-. 4 stle andelon June. '24 comb brit, erwick ...... 1 1 k, ere a '„ 8 ,, 11 ~: ....... .. ........ 7% lO ...... to l`rninotida'n'tiaastern ......... 45 a ws.,W 1 vv est End June. 1 ... 2 7 2 .. ....... t to o -- uth tits o ver., Dud Birrn . 2% „ Bi ttn ~tere and Do ; . I,_Nity, .... er ... 33% V ales ................. 4 • ,!...' Trent Vall e ................. 2% - At). and z . ............. ..... 2 t; . , Vtos: ?Us Midland ... 60 Itto,E;tbeslll3ranch ...... 10 -• 32 1 / 2 ?"41 .. .. .. to 7 -1 tot t i o "'.° ............ t;,,, e kte and A F.RENCII RAILWAYS. t4at4N-o.,,„hern onifipenrs ........ 4 --' t.ritat., and toordeanux ......... 2 % 1 4 4 a a " Vi rzo anc° '• .114 411egliantsdTBale .... ... .... : . 12 4..... - ' li Qt buiiinxcN 1 , h t ,,,, Tit STOCX E GE, JAN. 11.---There e 'lltby ......4 moderate 4 a . t Selina ng, the market closing bi ere Counties tt ' .......... 1,,, 0, ditto No. 2•.......................... 154/ Dhester ' • . ............. 4 it to ~ and Shares .................. 245. 6d. ti,,.,b,wuarte Shares ' ................ Ditto t ' r n• ............... .......................... 5% 3-16 ....... Ditto 'N'ely ............................... % tat ;. -aw Creation ............................. 15 Al.r .. orthern of Fr ...................... . ..... 13 „ pool „, . once ...... - Is4 orth B ! 'rinskirk, and Pre5t0.................. r .... , o riti B h ....... n ............. 2 sin 1 rkshire ....... - .......... .......... ............ 1, 011 .... ........... t3zi . ......,___ ....... 51,4% INA, Lansdale h 11 4 gh, c o as presented the R ~ . 11 on and vice. Dean of .ev, S. J. Good _ V e l .A of Aikton, in this co Carlisle Cathedral, to i tlitl 041°n• Colonel L . h unty. a le la Friday l a 'ova er arrived at Lowther 0, ~.e t st, and has since (41,/,,,t41,4 eilant Lowther, i been • • se nd there by am e , , AnsAGE.—On ittti d 4., N,, rit Boulogne at ten. , .i. ay last the Princess itihotiln"llneer passengers at F o o T i lock in the morning, de 11si /.)(7ent )minutes thebefore"tnne, and returned to Fitt Dui: " at t en "'dock tl ~111,18ereld hasef Leinstee- , '-' same morning. 6 ati Itb , entered th s 3 oungest son, Lord Oiiio 311111orse Guard e s } l l 3 c l iuseliol dßrigade, as eoristi ue. i7wt ~~ y ) ] ~ Q:f~.:S ~t(.t THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY F,VENING, JANUARY 13 1845. SPECIAL MESSAGE 01' THE PRESIDENT TO CONGRESS. The steam-ship Liverpool arrived in the Mersey on Saturday at a quarter-past one. Our correspon dent has forwarded us a file of the New York Herald up to the 24th December, from which we make the following extracts : (From the New York Herald of Dec. 24.) WASHINGTON, DEC. 17.—The plot is thickening, and it is impossible to predict what the morrow may bring forth. It is now, however, pretty well ascer tained that Texas will not be annexed during the pre sent session of Congress. The antagonist, projects brought forward by Messrs. Renton and M'Duffy will nullify each other; and if this were not so, the very extraordinary nature of the diplomacy between the United States and Mexico on the subject would produce that effect. Many of the most decided friends of annexation are brought to a stand by the difficulty and delicacy attaching to the measure in consequence of the threatening and portentous character of the correspondence. I advise you that to-morrow will usher forth a message from the President of the most angry and menacing nature—a quasi war message. The Cabinet are in council on the subject to-day, and perhaps the vote has now been taken on it, after considerable discussion by several members of the Cabinet. THE SPECIAL MESSAGE. To the Senate and House of Representatives,— I transmit herewith copies of dispatches received from our Minister at Mexico, since the commencement ofyour present session, which claim, from their importance, and I doubt not will receive, your calm and deliberate consi deration. The extraordinary and highly offensive lan guage which the Mexican Government has thought proper to employ in reply to the remonstrance of the Executive, through Mr. Shannon, against the renewal of the war with Texas, while the question of annexation was pending before Congress and the people, and also, the proposed manner of conducting that war, will not fail to arrest your attention. Such remonstrance, urged in no unfriendly spirit to Mexico, was called for by considerations of an impera tive character, having relation as well to the peace of this country and honour of this Government as to the cause of humanity and civilisation. Texas had entered into the treaty of annexation upon the invitations of the Exe- cutive ; and when, for that act, she was threatened with a renewal of war on the part of Mexico, she naturally looked to this Government to interpose its efforts to ward off the threatened blow. But one course was left the Executive, acting within the limits of its constitu tional competency, and that was to protest, in respectful, but at the same time strong and decided terms, against it. The war thus threatened to be renewed was pro mulgated by edicts and decrees, which ordered, on the part of the Mexican military, the desolation of whole tracts of country, and the destruction, without discrimi nation, of all ages, sexes, and condition of existence. Over the manner of conductiong war, Mexico possesses no exclusive control. She has no right to violate at pleasure the principles which an enlightened civilisation has laid down for the conduct of nations at war ; and thereby retrograde to a period of barbarism which, hap pily for the world, has long since passed away. All nations are interested in enforcing an observance of those principles, and the United States, the oldest of the Ame rican Republics, and the nearest of the civilised Powers to the theatre on which these enormities were proposed to be enacted, could not quietly content themselves to witness such a state of things. They had, through the Executive, on another occasion, and as was believed with the approbation of the whole country, remonstrated against outrages similar, but even less inhuman, than those which by her new edicts and decrees she has threatened to perpetrate, and of which the late inhuman massacre at Tabasco was but the precursor. The bloody and inhuman murder of Fannin and his companions, equalled only in savage barbarity by the usages of the untutored Indian tribes, proved how little confidence could be placed on the most solemn stipulations of her generals, while the fate of others who became her captives in war, many of whom, no longer able to sus tain the fatigues and privations of long journeys, were shot down by the way-side, while their companions who survived were subjected to sufferings even more painful than death—had left an indelible stain on the pages of civilisation. The Executive, with the evidence of an in tention on the part of Mexico to renew scenes so revolt ing to humanity, could do no less than renew remon strances formerly urged. For fulfilling duties so impe rative, Mexico has thought proper, through her accre dited organs, because she has had represented to her the inhumanity of such proceedings, to indulge in language unknown to the courtesy of diplomatic intercourse, end offensive in the highest degree to this Government and people. Nor has she offended in this only. She has not only violated existing conventions between the two countries, by arbitrary and unjust decrees against our trade and intercourse, but withholds instalments of debt due to our citizens which she solemnly pledged herself to pay, under circum stances which are fully explained by the accompanying letter from Mr. Green, our Secretary of Legation. And when our Minister has invited the attention of her Go vernment to wrongs committed by her local authorities, not only on the property but on the persons of our fel low-citizens, engaged in prosecuting fair and honest pur suits, she has added insult to injury, by not even deign ing, for months together, to return an answer to his representations. Still further to manifest her unfriendly feelings towards the Uuited States, she has issued de crees expelling from some of her provinces American citizens engaged in the peaceful pursuits of life, and now denies to those of our citizens prosecuting he whale fishery on the north-west coast of the Pacific the pri vilege which has, through all time, heretofore been accorded to them, of exchanging goods of a small amount in value at her ports in California, for supplies indis pensable for their health and comfort. Nor will it escape the observation of Congress, that in conducting a correspondence with the Minister of the United States, who cannot, and does not know any dis tinction between the geographical sections of the Union, charges wholly unfounded are made against particular States, and an appeal to others for aid and protection against supposed wrongs. In this same connexion sec tional prejudices are attempted to be excited, and the hazardous and unpardonable effort is made to foment divisions among the States of the Union, thereby to em bitter their peace. Mexico has still to learn that. how ever freely we may indulge in discussion among ourselves, the American people will tolerate no interference in their domestic affairs by any foreign Government ; and in all that concerns the constitutional guarantees and the national honour, the people of the United States have but one mind and one heart. The subject of annexation addresses itself most for tunately to every portion of the Union. The Executive would have been unmindful of its highest obligations, if it could have adopted a course of policy dictated by sectional interests and local feelings. On the contrary, it was because the question was neither local nor sec tional, but made its appeal to the interests of the whole Union, and of every state of the Union, that the nego tiation, and finally the treaty of annexation was entered into; and it has afforded me no ordinary pleasure to perceive that, so far as demonstrations have been made upon it by the people, they have proceeded from all por tions of the Union. Mexico may seek to excite divi sions amongst us, by uttering unjust denunciations against particular states, but when she comes to know that the invitations addressed to our fellow-citizens by Spain, and afterwards by herself, to settle in Texas. were accepted by emigrants from all the states; and when, in addition to this, she refreshes her recollection with the fact that the first effort which was made to ac quire Texas was during the administration of a distin guished citizen from an eastern state, which was after wards renewed under the auspices of a President from the south west, she will awake to a knowledge of the futility of her present purpose of sowing dissensions among us, or producing distraction in our counsels by attacks either on particular states or on persons who are now in the retirement of private life. Considering the appeal which she now makes to eminent citizens by name, can she hope to escape censure for having ascribed to them, as well as to others, a design, as she pretends, now for the first time revealed, of having originated negotiations to despoil her, by duplicity and falsehood, of a portion of her territory? The opinion then, as now, prevailed with the Executive, that the annexation of Texas to the Union was a matter of vast importance. In order to acquire that territory before it had assumed a position among the independent Powers of the earth pro positions were made to Mexico for a cession of it to the United States. Mexico saw in these proceedings, at the time, no cause of complaint. She is now, when simply re. minded of them, awakened to the knowledge of the fact, which she, through her Secretary of State, promulgates to the whole world as true, that those negotiations were founded in deception and falsehood, and superinduced by unjust and iniquitous motives. While Texas was a de pendency of Mexico, the United States opened negotia tions with the latter Power for the cession of her then acknowledged territory ; and now that Texas is inde pendent of Mexico, and has maintained a separate ex istence for nine years—during which time she has been received into the family of nations, and is represented by accredited ambassadors at many of principal court,, of Europe—and when it has become obvious to the whole world that she is for ever lost to Mexico, the United States is charged with deception and falsehood in all re lating to the past, and condemnatory accusations are made against states which have had no especial agency ie the matter, because the Executive of the whole Union has negotiated with free and independent Texas upon a matter vitally important to the interests of both coun tries. And, after nine years of unavailing war, Mexico pow announces her intention, through her Secretary of ForPigo Affairs, never to consent to the independence of Texas, oe to abandon the eflOrt to re-conquer that re , 'f-,„ btu, tbps announces a perpetual claim, which, • at the enu rif a century, will furnish her as plausible a ground for disc.-intent against any nation which, at the end of that time, ma)- enter into a treaty with Texas, as • against the United States. she possesses at this motnet.. to her title to inde- The lapse of time can add nothing - pendence. v b on course of conduct such as has been desert the part of Mexico, in violation of all friendly feeling, and of the courtesy which should characterise the inter course between the nations of the earth, might well justify the United States in a resort to any measure to vindicate their national honour ; but, actuated by a sincere desire to preserve the general peace, and in view of the present condition of Mexico, the Executive, resting up on its integrity, and not fearing but that the judgment of the world will duly appreciate its motives, abstains from recommending to Congress a resort to measures of redress, and content itself with re-urging upon that body prompt and immediate action on the subject of annexation. By adopting that measure, the United St.ttes wilt. be in iln; --- exereie of an - undoubted right ; :nid if ile:x4!.), not regarding that forbearance, shall agi;ravate the injustice of her conduct by a deelara tion of war against them, upon her head 7:id rest all the respoirnbility. JOAN TYLER. Washington City, Dec. 19, 1844. EUROPEAN INTERFERENCE IN AMERI CA.N AFFAIRS. We have received private intelligence from London and Paris of such a nature as to warrant a belief that the European Powers are actually contemplating the policy of interfering in American affairs, and di recting the movements of this continent, on the same principles and with the same views as they have been managing the affairs of Europe during the present century. This will be indeed a new and interesting movement in political affairs connected with this country, to which the attention of the American people must be called in no trifling degree. The. excuse for this European interference in Ame rican affairs, grows out of the movement made in this country for the annexation of Texas. The British Government dare not carry their opposition to an nexation to such an extent as to endanger the peaceful relations between the two countries. Their own ma nufacturing and commercial interests, and, indeed, we may say their internal peace, are so dependant on the maintenance of friendly intercourse with this country, that any interruption of it would be a most essential evil to them. In order, however, to check the pro gress and power of the United States on this conti nent, and to limit the moral influence which the Re public exercises in Europe, we have little doubt but the British Government are endeavouring to form a coalition, on the part of the European Powers, for the purpose of intimidating our Government and prevent ing the annexation of Texas to this confederacy, or the extension of our territory to the Pacific, where we might interfere with England, Russia, and other Powers. Such is the amount of the information which we have received ; and we believe there is a great deal of truth in these representations. When the recent dip lomatic developments relative to Mexico shall have reached Europe, we have no doubt this plan of the foreign Governments will be more fully matured, and that we shall hear more of it by the next arrival. Thu power and progress of this country have struck terrors into the very hearts of the monarchies of Eu rope, and we have no doubt that great things will soon spring out of the position which the two continents at present occupy. Ohio Senate, to whom was referred the subject of the disLbilities of Th-ople of colour under the existing laws of the Stag, have reported la favour of the repeal of said laws.—New York Herald. Mr. Clay his emancipated his personal servant, Charles. The deed of emancipation is as follows : Know all men by these presents, that I, Henry Clay, of Ashland, for and in consideration of the fidelity, at tachment, and services of Charles Dopey (the son of Aaron, commonly called Charles, and Charlotte), and of my esteem and regard for him, do hereby liberate and emancipate the said Charles Dupey, from this day, from all obligation of service to me, or my representatives, investing him, as far as any act of mine can invest him, with all the rights and privileges of a freeman. "In testimony whereof I have hitherto set my hand and affixed my seal, this 9th day of December, in the year of our Lord, 1844. H. CLAY. (Seal.) " Sealed and delivered in the presence of Thomas H. Clay." Five years since Charles travelled through Canada with Mr. Clay, and declined all solicitations to leave him. Mr. Clay has waited until the election was over, to avoid, as far as possible, the imputations of base-minded men.—New York Herald. LITERATURE. JOURNAL OF A CLERGYMAN. Blackwood, Edinburgh, 1845. This Journal is the record of a visit paid to the Peninsula by the author, the Rev. W. Robertson, minister of the New Greyfriars, Edinburgh, in the summer and autumn of the year 1841. The Journal, on the whole, is carefully written, but there is a languor and heaviness in some of the descriptive sketches, as if the author's heart was not in his sub ject, which may perhaps be accounted for by the state of his health, which he tells us in his preface, " owing to the influence of climate and other causes, was such as to weaken the energies of both body and mind." his destination was Gibraltar, which he wa s i n d uce d to visit at the instance of the Colonial Committee of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. On his way thither he paid flying visits to Lisbon, which he calls " the filthiest capital in Europe," Cadiz, and Seville, whose local peculiarities he describes in a more animated style than is usual with him. On the subject of Gibraltar, its scenery, excavations, bat teries, street-population, &c., he is very minute and circumstantial ; and we quote his account of a mili tary execution which took place soon after his arrival in that town : " There was a gloom overhanging Gibraltar at the time of my arrival, owing to a circumstance happily of ♦ery rare occurrence—a court-martial on a soldier ac cused of a capital crime. The criminal was an English man, a very rine young man, a private in the 7th Fusiliers. He had hitherto borne a most excellent character, and was a good soldier. Love and jealousy seem to have turned the poor fellow's brain. The object of his affec tions was a woman employed in the mess-kitchen—a person of very indifferent reputation ; at the very time said to be enceinte by another man. Ile had had a con• siderable sum of money bequeathed to him by a relation in England, and it was his intention to purchase his dis charge from the army, make this woman his wife, and return to settle in his native country. The woman had promised to marry him; but persisted, notwithstanding his remonstrances, in keeping up an intercourse with another admirer. The consequence was, that in a fit of jealousy and madness he stabbed her with a knife in the side; the wound proved mortal, and the unhappy woman expired very soon after. The court-martial sat for several days; and had not finished its proceedings at the time of my arrival. Malice prepense was proved against the soldier, chiefly from the circumstance of his calling the woman aside into a room, shutting the door, and making it fast with a bench before he gave the fatal blow. He was found guilty accordingly, condemned to death, and was executed on the neutral ground on the morning of 23d July. It is described as having been a most impressive scene. The whole garrison, with the exception of those on guard, were marched out to the ground in solemn silence. The gibbet was erected on the neutral ground; and when the troops had arrived at the place appointed, they were formed into three sides of a square, the scaffold occupying the centre of the vacant side. The criminal was then marched handcuffed round the square, inside the ranks—the Dead March playing, and the chaplain reading the service. It was observed how regularly the poor soldier, from the force of old habit, kept time to the music; and when he happened to be put out, how he changed the step, though his whole mind seemed occupied by the religious service. The steps to the fatal scaffold were exceedingly steep and ill constructed ; but even with his fettered hands he as cended calmly and firmly without assistance. After the execution the body was laid on the top of the coffin, and the troops were marched slowly by it in single file, with the order • eyes right,' as they passed, so as to force every soldier to contemplate the ghastly spectacle. It is said that many, b ,th officers and men, shed tears on the occasion. lam at a loss to divine the reason why the soldiers should have been compelled to contemplate the body of their comrade after the execution. Such exhi bitions produce no good moral effect, but serve only to disgust, and to excite sympathy for the criminal, instead of indignation against his crime. There was no executioner in Gibraltar at the time ; but the office was accepted by a private of the 46th Regiment, who received his discharge beforehand, and was duly installed in thu honourable office of hangman to the garrison, with free quarters in the old Moorish tower, a salary of eighteen pence per day, together with a doubloon, and the usual perquisites, when called upon to perform his duty." COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FROM OUR CORRESPONDXNT.) RABBITS.—At the half-yearly rent audit of G. 11. Ward, Esq., of Northwood-park, Isle of Wight, on Wednesday last, a letter, signed by the whole of the tenantry, was presented to the steward (Mr. Josei h Squire, of Yarmouth), thanking him for having, at the request of the tenants, ordered the rabbits on their re spective farms to be killed. Only about half the grounds have yet been trapped, but 4,000 of these vermin have been taken, and the tenants have destroyed in their litters 2,000 more, making 6,000, and this in a highly cultivated, heavy-rented, taxed, and tithed district. If each rabbit destroyed only four ounces of herbage in twenty .four hours, it would amount to 547,5001b5. in the year. At least 4,000 more are expected to be taken, destroying 365,0001b5. in the year, making a total of nearly 1,000,0001b5. weight of their crops taken off annually by rabbits alone. Representations had been repeatedly made before of the ruinous extent to which the farmers were injured by the rabbits, and Mr. Ward had given directions to his gamekeepers to destroy them, but they could not find any quantity. Mr. W., therefore, this winter, took other steps, to see which were right, the farmers or the gamekeepers, to the great satisfaction of the former. DARING ATTEMPT AT BURGLARY. About nine o'clock on Friday evening, while Mr. Squire and Mr. Howells, stewards of Mr. Ward, of Northwood-house, near West Cowes, were in the office, they heard a noise on the outside, and supposing some persons going to the house had taken the wrong road, Mr. Howells went out, when they made a quick retreat. His suspicions being created that all was not right, he went back for a candle and to inform Mr. Squire ; on their searching they found that a daring attempt had been made to enter the house and that the parties had forced the door in, splitting the door-post into which the lock shot. It appeared that a crow-bar had been forced in at the top of the door to open it that way, but failing, they forced the lock, which being a very strong one great strength must have been applied. It is sup posed that the thieves were well acquainted with the house as the door opened into a lumber room (where no one was likely to be) which adjoins the office, in which they expected a rich booty from the amount of rents paid during the week, and would no doubt have ob tained it but from Mr. Squire and Mr. Howells not having left the office, a very uncommon thing, as they both reside at a distance. At the hour chosen all the servants were at a distant part of the house, being in the hall at supper. Several persons were seen in the park about the time, particularly three in one party and fire in another. A great many persons had been at the house during the day; there were also twenty French painters and decorators at work in it, but all had then left. This with the visits of the Parkhurst prison boys, who if they cannot get out of the island, manage to roam over it, has made a great inquiry for iron safes before but little used here, burglary being unknown. THE LAW OFFICERS OF' THE CROWN.—The fol lowing has been received by us, from a source likely to be well informed, as arrangements which have been made for important changes in the present law officers of the Crown. We present them to our readers as we have received them, without pledging ourselves to the accu racy of the entire list. We have reason to believe, how. ever, that a few days, perhaps hours, will show that the event will verify the greater part of our statement : Lord Chancellor, Mr. Pemberton Leigh (with a peerage), vice Lord Lyndhurst. Sir Frederick Thesiger, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, vice Sir N. Tindal, who retires. Mr. Fitzroy Kelly, Attorney-General, vice Sir W. Follett, whose impaired health forbids the hope of his being able to resume his official or professional avo cations. The Hon. Mr. Wortley, Solicitor-General, in the place of Sir F. Thesiger, elevated to the bench as Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. We abstain from comment on these changes until their having been ar ranged receives confirmation. One, at least, will startle both the profession and the public. Blandness of man ners, though associated with personal virtues, are not sufficient to qualify a barrister for a judge. Acknow ledged superiority of legal knowledge will alone inspire confidence in his expositions of the law, and cause respect to be paid to his decisions.—Evening paper. Sin W. FOLLETT.—We have been favoured with the perusal of a letter from Naples, dated the 30th of December, from which we learn that the Attorney-Ge neral and Lady Follett had arrived in that capital from Rome. We are gratified to be assured on the same au thentic information that the Learned Gentleman's health was wonderfully improved, partly, no doubt, by relaxa tion from his professional avocations, as well as by the change of climate and scene. Sir William was, accord ing to the arrangements then made, to embark at Naples on board the Government steamer ordered to convey himself and suite to this country about the 15th inst., so that he may be expected home in about three weeks at latest. FALMOUTH, JAN. 10.—The Penguin, Lieut. Leslie, commanding, will sail for Brazils to-day, conveying the mails, and the following passengers: —Messrs. Hargrave, Hologray, and Leite. The Royal W illiam steamer, from Dublin for London, conveys the freight brought home in the Penguin packet. The Spectator, from Mauritius, and the Gazelle, from Hobart Town, landed mails here last night. THE DISTRIBUTIVE AGENT OF INDUSTRY. (From the Sentinel.) The road, the canal, and the railway are called into existence, when society has need of them to distribute wealth through the various districts of a country. As population increases, and the products of industry are multiplied, these con trivances are improved and enlarged ; thus show ing, that modes of transit and conveyance are re quired to expand, just as labour and its results are more and more augmented and ramified. Every one perceives, that, unless this moving power existed, there could not be any intercommunication, nor could commodities be distributed; and consumption, which is the sole end of production, could not take place, except in the locality where the commodity was pro duced. These are obvious truths, and they lead all men to recognise the utility of the road, the canal, and the railway. There is, however, another distributive agent of industry with whose real nature the public are not well acquainted, and that agent is money. Adam Smith assimilates money to a road, because it is an instrument of transferring and circulating real wealth from one person to another, just as a road is the instrument by which real wealth is transported from one town to another. If the road is covered with turnpikes at which heavy tolls are levied on the transit of goods, of course those goods must be charged a proportionately high price when they reach the consumer ; so also, if the money of a nation is made of a costly material, the consumer must pay for this costli ness. Were any one to insist that the rails on a railway should consist of bars of gold, instead of bars of iron, he would be deemed a lunatic ; for it would be said, and truly said, that, provided passengers and goods could be conveyed from London to Liverpool as safely and as expedi tiously on iron as on golden rails , why incur a useless expense in laying d own a dear material, when a cheap one would answer tho purpose ? However, when we come to apply this reasoning to the Currency, people hesitate to carry out the parallel between money and a road, and find it difficult, if not impossible, to believe that an iron currency would prove just as good a distributive agent of industry as a gold currency. Never theless, Lycurgus established an iron currency in Sparta, and it worked well for five centuries, and, when it was changed for gold, ruin and revolution followed. Time was, in this country, wh en our currency was formed f wood, and the people were happy and the revenue prospered. These precedents are adduced simply to show prejudice that the mone tary affairs of a country can be conducted without the aid of the precious metals. The Earl of Ripon estimated the average quan tity of gold in this country at twenty-two mil lions. When we consider that the interests of the debt and the annual charges of Government are much more than double that sum, it is obvious that the quantity of bullion, as stated by Lord Ripon, is an inadequate agent of distribution ; and when to this is added the enormous transactions of a year in the various departments of business, common sense must admit, that so scarce a metal as gold, which cannot be multiplied as trade is en larged, is not a suitable instrument with which to carry on internal commerce. In pursuing the parallel between money and a road, what should we think of our authorities, were they to narrow the Strand, Fleet-street, Cheapside, and the Poultry, in proportion as the traffic increased from the west end to the City ? Yet this is precisely the plan on which Sir R. Peel is acting, for he is narrowing the distributive agent of industry, and thus impeding the circulation of real wealth from man to man. Sir R. Peel is strangely in contradiction with him self. He professes to be a Bullionist, and yet, curiously enough, bases 14,000,0001. of the Bank circulation on mere credit; for to that extent his Bill of last May allows the Bank to issue money, without pos sessing in its cellars an equivalent amount of bul lion. Is not this a recognition of a paper cur rency ? Is it not, to all intents and purposes, a practical violation of his own principles ? It so happens, that the nation owes 14,000,000/. to the Bank, and this purely accidental amount of debt is deemed by Sir Robert to be the equivalent of so much bullion. When a statesman acts with such gross inconsistency, what pretensions has he to hold the helm ? Why, in the name of justice and common sense, make a distinction between a debt due to the Bank and a debt due to the fund holder? If national paper is a sound representative of the one, why not of the other ? It is in reference to taxation, that the distinc tion between money and the precious metals be comes of paramount importance. Money need not possess any intrinsic value, for it is simply the agent of distribution. It is a token or representative, not a commodity. But gold and silver are values of themselves which cannot alter. Now, when a tax is laid on a commodity, its value is not in creased, though its price is increased, and the amount of the tax is the measure of that increase; for, were it otherwise, the producer would not obtain the ordinary rate of profit. All indirect taxes are levied upon this principle ; that is to say, whatever tax the producer pays in advance to the State, he gets back from the consumer by additional price. But, to do this, there must be a currency capable of expressing that additional price. From 1797, when Mr. Pitt suspended cash payments, to 1819, when Peel's Bill restored cash payments, there was such a currency in paper as represented taxation. Since 1819, that currency has been abolished; but, as the taxation was not abolished at the same time, the producer has been made to pay it, since he has had no means of charging it to the consumer. Why so ? Because gold can only represent na tural value, not taxation prices ; and, as Par liament keeps gold cheap, whether it is abundant or scarce, and has fixed it at the scale at which it ruled in the time of Elizabeth, when there was no public debt, and a very trifling revenue, wages and profits must fall to the low standard of untaxed gold. Hence it is, that ever since 1819, industry, not property, has had to pay the dividends, and nearly all the expendi ture of Government. Now, there is no remedy for this evil (unless we pay off the debt by a direct tax on property), except a restoration of the currency under which more than half the debt was contracted ; or, in the language of free trade, gold must cease to be a protected metal, and be subject to the competi tion of supply and demand. The extension of our foreign commerce is looked forward to as the means of employing labour and rewarding industry. We hope that day may soon arrive, when our ports shall be open to universal intercourse; but it is our duty to warn the working classes, that their wages can never permanently rise, however foreign trade may be extended, under Peel's system of currency; because as soon as prices rise, while gold remains cheap, the foreigner will take away the gold ; and as the Bank, in self-protection, must then con tracts its circulation, prices will again fall, and wages sink with declining profits. Thus, the condi tion of the working-classes can never continue pros perous for any long period, because, as soon as their labour becomes valuable, the distributive agent of in dustry, money, is withdrawn, and the products of la bour will cease to be purchased by the foreigner when they become dearer in the market than gold. The father of Sir Robert Peel, a man of great sound sense and vast practical knowledge, fore told what would be the result of returning to cash payments. He said the measure would double his son's property and ruin the country, —a prediction which time has verified; for as suredly a country is already ruined when the millions seek in vain for employment, and capital seeks that profitable investment in foreign lands which it cannot find at home. We beg the attention of our readers to the following comparison between an abundant and a restricted circulation, which we borrow from one of the letters of the late Sir Robert Peel : "A restricted circulation never fails to create every evil which can afflict an industrious people : scarcity of money, unpurchased manufactures, de ficiency of employment, unpaid rents, dejected agriculture, and unproductive commerce. These are the mischiefs which necessarily distress the individual, and embarrass the commu nity while its circulation is deficient; and, in our peculiar circumstances, the mischiefs are greatly aggravated by the amount of our taxation. When money, on the other hand, is abundant, it may a lways be procured at moderat e i n t eres t. Bill s o f E xc hange and other private securities, are readily discounted; and every individual who has property or credit is accom modated with loss, according to his necessities. With an abundant circulation, ingenuity is put to the stretch to find new means of rendering it productive ; hence employment multiplies, every individual finds the means of subsistence, the manufacturers are all occu pied, our merchants send out additional adventures, the shipowners have freights at their command, th e production of the husbandman is consumed by a busy people, rents are more easily paid, and taxes more easily collected. Such are the benefits resulting to individuals and to the State." We earnestly entreat all who may have been seduced by the plausibilities of the Ilulli on i s t s , to most this successful calmly-formed opinio n o f one o f t h e merchants thi s country ever produced. If the doctrine ablest weigh insisted up on b y the father of th e present Prime Minister be true, it is obvious that this country, w ith i ncreas i ng population and the increasing trade that must be transacted t l to avert th e p auper i sm o f t h e millions, imperious y distributio n demands a money e d agen t o f susceptive of expansion. That agent cannot be metallic, for there is no expansive quality in the precious metals. We must, there foTv, oevk it in paper, a s Mr. Pitt sought and WO it. Let sold rise d an fall as 411 other CM modifies rise and fall under the law of supply and demand, and let a national note represent national taxation. By these means we should, firstly, prevent the export of gold ; secondly, we should secure the export of goods instead of gold ; thirdly, we should enable the producer of commodities to charge the taxes added to them to the consumer, and thus throw the burden of the revenue from the shoulders of labour on to the shoulders of property; fourthly, we should effectually stop decline of prices and those gluts and panics which are solely caused by sudden contractions of the circulating medium. Wages and profits would be high and steadily high ; the home trade, as well as foreign commerce, would re ceive an impulse and an invigoration which would animate every branch of industry ; and society, in all its grades, would possess the best guarantees for order, peace, and happiness. THE BISHOP OF EXETER ANT) HIS CLERGY. (From the Exeter Gazette of Saturday.) We have been favoured with the following important letters, which will be read with peculiar interest : " Bishopstowe, Jan. 8, 1845. " Rev. and dear Sir,— I request you to communicate to the clergy of your deanery, with as little delay as shall be convenient, the accompanying letter, addressed by me to all the clergy of my diucez.e.—l am, rev. and dear Sir, your faithful friend and brother, " H. EXETER. " The Rev. J. Armstrong, Dean Rural of Exeter." " TO TILE CLERGY OF THE DIOCESE OF EXETER. " Bishopstowe, Jan. 8, 1845. " Rev. and dear Brethren,—l have this day lad the gratification of receiving from his Grace the Archbishop a copy of his ' Letter to the clergy and laity of the pro vince of Canterbury.' " That letter lea; , es me under no difficulty how to act, Not only in deference to his Grace's authority, but iu most willing concurrence with the sentiments which he has expressed, I thankfully accept the prospect of an adjustment of our present diversities by some general measure which than have the sanction of the whole Church. In truth, I feel that I could not more effectu ally labour for the great object which I have had at heart—the restoration of certainty and vigour to the law of the Church in all that relates to our public worship— than by now relinquishing my own separate endeavours, and merging them in that common effort which his Grace has announced his intention to promote, when the way shall be prepared for a final settlement.' " Meanwhile, I advise you all to act in conformity with the views so plainly set forth by the Archbishop ; that is, to continue the services in your several churches as they now are, making no attempt to approach nearer to an exact observance of the rubric, unless you shall, in any instance, ascei tain that the wish of your people is is clearly in favour of such an advance. " One reservation I must, indeed, make, though I hope it is unnecessary. If the practice in any parish at pre sent prevail (I knom not that it does) of omitting or garbling portions of the offices of the Church—especially the offices of baptism and burial—by reason of objection to the doctrines therein involved, or of introducing prayers of private composition, either before the sermon. or elsewhere, such violation of the Church's law must not lay claim to indulgence. " And now, in addressing you on this occasion, most probably for the last time, let me express my deep sense of the value of that support which I have received from the great body of my clergy, and of the warm and affec tionate sympathy evinced by very many of you, under circumstances of no common trial. These are matters of grateful and enduring remembrance. If there have been some instances of an opposite feeling (as I am bound in sincerity to add there have been some, however few), I assure those who have exhibited it that they will not, in our future intercourse, experience any unpleasing recollections of it on my part ; and if, on reflection, they shall as readily forgive themselves as 'forgive them, I wish that they may have formed a right estimate of what their duty has required, and may hereafter require them to do. " This last is a subject on which I would not dwell. But I am desirous of saying, with reference to some in dividuals of high station, on whose public conduct I deemed it necessary publicly to remark, that I rejoice to believe that there was much of misapprehension of motives—something, it may be, of mistake of facts. "In respect to one eminent person, in particular, I cannot doubt the statements made by him of his own actual conduct ; it is plain, therefore, that the terms in which he had claimed a right to act and speak, in resist ance to the lawful order of his Bishop, were not intended by him to imply (for he since expressly denied) that he had exercised that right, as his words themselves induced me to conclude. "Of all the harassing and painful incidents of the last few weeks, these personal conflicts have been by far the most harassing and painful. May they henceforth be as if they had never been. But, whatever may have been the temporary results, I do not and cannot regret that I deemed it necessary publicly to assert those prin ciples of Church authority which it is alike the duty of all of us to recognise and to inculcate. The very vehe mence with which the assertion of them has been re sisted, proves, if proof were necessary, the necessity of their being asserted, and of our never suffering them to fall into oblivion. "In conclusion, I congratulate you on the prospect of those principles being, ere long, practically asserted and enforced by our Rev. Primate ; and thus of his effecting, if it be God's good pleasure, a final and peaceful settlement of questions which (inconsiderate as, for the most part, are the subjects of them) must be settled, if the Church of England is to continue to us anything better than an empty name. " I am, rev. and dear brethren, your affectionate friend and brother, " H. EXETER." We have just learned, from the best authority, that the Bishop has receiv, d a letter from the Archbishop of Canterbury, calling upon him to retrace all his steps, till the constituted authorities have deliberated on the subject of " the diversities."— Western Times of Friday. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, HUNTING APPOINTMENTS. Surrey stag hds., Tues., Malden ; Sat., the Griffin, Kingston. Sir John Cope's hds., Tues. ' Milney Warren ; W e d., Grey well Hill ; Sat. Brick Bridge-10i. Mr. Theobald's stag hds., Tues., Wickham Market; Fri., Ottley Bottom. South Berkshire hds., Wed., Burghfield Bridge ; Fri., The Bladebone, Bucklebury, Common. Cheltenham stag hds:, Sat., the Balloon-10i. Craven hds., Wed., Froxfield Gate ; Fri., Ashdown Park ; Sat., Stagcroft-1 01, Pembrokeshire hds., Thurs., itamswood-10. Horsley hds., Fri., Cranbury Park. N.F.H. Tues., Hunters' Inn ; Thurs., Buckworth Park ; Sat., Emblay. H.H., Tues., Hinton House ; Thurs., Minchin's Barn ; Sat., Weston Common. Sir John Gerard's hds., Wed., Blackley Hurst ; Sat. Golborne Smithies. Hambledon hds., Wed., Westbury House ; Sat., Holy well House—ioi. SIR JonN CorE's Fox HOUNDS.—A very nume rous field were at the meet of this crack Berkshire pack, on Saturday last, which took place at the seat of Mr. Clayton, about five miles from Maidenhead, where an elegant luncheon was given by the liberal host to a large party of friends. A fox was soon started in the covers of Mr. Clayton, and killed after a short burst. The covers at Bray Wood, near Hare Hatch, were then drawn, and a fine fox unkonnelled, which, after running a four-mile ring, at a racing pace, took away to Knowles hill, across Mr. Clayton's covers, and was killed, after a beautiful forty-one minutes' run, near the Coach and Horses, at Maidenhead Thicket. LIBERALITY OF THE BRAZILIAN GOVERNMENT. The Brazilian Government has issued a decree, dated November 15th, relieving foreign vessels that may ar rive at any of the Brazilian ports, in ballast, from ton nage dues. This measure has given much satisfaction here, as being calculated to promote a constant supply of vessels for the conveyance of produce thence, and thus relieve shipowners from what previously was a heavy tax upon them.—Manchester Guardian. THE NEW METROPOLITAN BUILDING ACT.—On Saturday morning a number of tenants of kitchens in the parish of St. Mary-le-Strand were ejected under the provisions of the New Building Act, which prohibits the letting of kitchens or cellars as residences, unless pro perly drained and ventilated. Many of these wretched. abodes were only approached by cellar flaps from the, street, and witbout windows. LONDON SESSIONS.—On Saturday an appeal 'w as heard on behalf of a waterman named Young, against the conviction of the Lord Mayor, arising out of the rules and regulations of the Waterman's Com pany.who appeared on behalf of th e Lerd MMayro.rialnydlandlo urt of Aldermen, said that th e ap pellant, e e p m t f a o h r d, of did the work wat e r and aa e navigat e , ona a p el l craft,t h w e h n o erte being s!ded a t f p re pany. There was involved in the present proceedi ngs a , very important question of law — namely, wheth er the Elder Brethen of the Trinity House possessed th e power to license persons not free of the Wat erman ' s Com a pany to do everything which it was lawful for a free waterman to do. After many arguments pro and c on by Mr. Clarkson, who appea re d f or the appellant, an d , Mr. Ryland, the Recorder sa id that p ersons licensed by the Trinity House wer e removed from the control of the, Court of Aldermen, therefore the appeal must be con firmed. They were deciding against their own pri, vileges, but that could not be avoided. Appeal co'it firm ed. A NOTIIER COLLIERY EXPLOSION.—A Correspondent informs us that, soon after the workmen crlered the Eaglesbush colliery, belonging to Messrs. I:•enrose and Evans, on Saturday last, a terrific explosion of foul air took place, by which nine men P;ere most severely scorched. —Cambrian. DEVONPORT DOCKYAIM---Eighteen smiths are ordered from this yard to Portsmouth, and eight to Pem broke; and six were superannuated yesterday (Friday). Four plumbers have been temporarily hired, in conse quence of the great increase of work attendant on the fitting out. of so large a number of ships.—Devonpor Independent. Sir John Lowther, Bart., M.P., Sir John Simpson, Sir William Stephenson, the High Sheriff of Yorkshire the Lord Mayor of York, and a numerous body of in fluential gentlemen connected with the county and city of York, have undertaken to direct a grand National Archery Meeting, which is to be open to all England, Scotland, and Ireland, and is appointed to be hold at: York in the month of June next. The Duke of Cleveland has made a donatior 4 of 251. towards erecting new school-rooms, in conn exion with Trinity Church, Darlington, and his Grace F,as ales signified his intention of becoming an annual seA scr ib et 9f 101. for their future support. SUMMARY OF NEWS N D talublic Optittrin. " Who runs may read." POZZION. On Thursday evening their Majesties received the Sardinian Ambassador, the Baron de Humboldt, the Counts de Bondy and de Montesquiou, Generals Thie bault and Renault de Saint-Jean-d'Angely, Captain Bonet, and M. Jacques Lefebvre, member of the Cham ber of Deputies. The draft of the address of the Chamber of Peers was read and discussed, on Friday, in the bureaux. The Duke de Nemours presided in the first one. The Com mittee afterwards met to make some verbal changes, re commended by the bureaux. The Committee on the Address, in the Chamber of Deputies, examined the paragraphs referring to Otaheite and the Right of Search, and decided that an amend ment in favour of Poland should be proposed as 'on former years. It afterwards appointed M. Hebert to draw up the Address. He obtained six votes, and M. F6lix E 6,1, M. St. Marc Girardin, and M. Gauther de Rumilly, one each. It is supposed that the Address will be read to the Chamber in a public sitting on Wednes day next, and that the public discussion will commence on the Monday following. The King has oonterred the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour on Lieutenant-General Viscount Tiburce Sebastiana, Commandant of the First Military Division. The following bulletin of the health of M. Villemain, signed by his physician, Dr. Laurent, was communi cated on Friday to the friends of the patient :--" M. Villemain passed the day well yesterday, and had a very good night, with pretty tranquil sleep." Lieutenant-General Meunier, Baron de St. Clair de la GuillotiCre, died at Lyons on the 7th instant. He en tered the service of the Republic as a private soldier, and gained his various grades on the field-of-battle. He was Commander of the Legion of Honour, and Knight of the Iron Crown. The Prince and Princess d'Aquila took their departure on Thursday for Marseilles, where they are to embark for Naples. His Serene Highness Duke Augustus of Saxe•Co burg-Gotha and her Royal Highness Princess Clemen tine, with their infant son Prince Philip and a numerous suite, passed through Frankfort on the 7th, on their way to Paris. On Wednesday as M. Gauthier, Auditor of the Coun cil of State, son of the Deputy for Uzerche, was riding along the Boulevart des Invalides, leaning rather for ward, his horse gave a toss with his head, and struck him so violently on the forehead that he fell stunned to the ground, and died in the evening from the concussion and the injuries which he received from the fall. A letter from Stockholm, 24th ult., states that the Prince Royal of Sweden, who had not long since reco vered from a severe fit of illness, was again seriously indisposed. The Journal du Havre states that Capt. G. Aillet, of the Josephine Marie, just arrived from Marseilles, re lates the following fact. He left Algesiras on Dec. 20, in company with seven other French vessels. Passing under Tarifa, the little flotilla was, to its great surprise, fired at from the Spanish forts, without any aggression on their part. Their rigging and masts were injured by the balls. Capt. Aillet affirms that already he had been similarly treated in the same place. A letter from St. Petersburgh, of Dec. 26, states that several landowners of that province and of Novogorod have given, without any charge, the portion of their property over which the railroad from the capital to Moscow is to run, declaring that, looking at the great advantages that are likely to accrue from the execution of the line, they consider it their duty to assist the State as much as possible in supporting the expense of the work. The value of the land thus given is estimated at 4,000,000 f. We learn from Stockholm, Dec. 27, that the King of Sweden, although strongly desirous of effacing capital punishment from the penal code of that country, has consented to its being retained, a large majority of the Council of State baying decided for the maintenance of it. C; OTTIZT—FASISZON ALB akar. The Duke of Wellington, who came to town from Strathfieldsaye on Wednesday, last, returned to that seat on Saturday. The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby left the Clarendon H o t e l on S atur d ay , on a v i s i t to t h e D u k e and Duchess of Bedford. Woburn Abbey, where a dis tinguished circle of personages of distinction are partici pating in their Graces' hospitalities. The Noble Duke and Duchess of Bedford are not expected to come to town for the season until after Easter. The Marqui s an d M arc hi oness o f E xeter returne d to Grosvenor-square on Saturday, from a visit to her Ma jesty at Windsor Castle. The Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry, Viscount Seaham, and the Ladies Alexandrina and Ade laide Vane, have arrived at their marine residence, Sea ham Hall, Sunderland from Meuntstewart. The Earl and Countess of Jersey and Lady . Clemen tina Villiers came to town on Saturday morning by an early train from Middleton Park, near Bicester, and left Berkeley-squar e for Windsor Castle during the after noon, on a visit to her Majesty. The Countess Dowager of Limerick continues in strict seclusion at South Hill Park. The Earl and Countess of Carnarvon have arrived in Grosvenor-square from Milford, Hants. The Earl of Fife is passing the winter on his estates in Banffshire. Earl Ellenborough has arrived at the Bedford Hotel, Leamington Spa. The Austrian Ambassador, Count Dietrichstein, paid visits to the Royal Family, in town, on Saturday. Lord and Lady Louth have arrived at Brighton, where they intend sojourning a few months previous to their return to Louth Castle. bilbenliaANNol7ll On Saturday last, Charles Herbert Wood, an artisan in the employ of Mr. Windsland, builder, London, had the honour of presenting to her Majesty, at Windsor Castle, a splendid shell of the Nautilus, on which be had engraved, with a common penknife—the royal arms, the Prince of Wales's feathers, a sketch of the Great Britain iron steam-ship, with a full description of the same ; the sister ship the Great Western, verses from Pope, &c. There were altogether about 1,500 words, beautifully engraved in old English, German text, Italian and Roman characters. The whole was surrounded with a rich border, and the head of the shell represented that of a parrot, being admirably formed for that purpose. Her Majesty was pleased to express her admiration of the skill displayed by this ingenious artist, and handsomely rewarded him. The iron trade in the counties of Darham and North umberland is assuming a character of considerabie im portance. Extensive works are being completed at Cow side, Crookall ; a furnace at Wylam ironworks has re cently been put into blast, and the Ridsdale ironworks are to be resumed in about a month. At Sunderland there are several very extensive works for the manufac cure of iron, and these are in a flourishing condition. The Worcester Journal states that on Sunday week there died in the union workhouse, Bromyard, Samuel Jones, better known to the neighbourhood as " Old Sam, the Gipsy," from the wandering life he led. lie belonged to the parish of Bishop's Froome, having, as tradition states, been a foundling in that parish. His age is un known, but it must have exceeded a hundred by many years, inasmuch as that the oldest inhabitants had always reckoned him their senior by at least forty years. A requisition to the Lord i'layor is in course of signature, tori,the purpose of passing an address to her Majesty, at the next Court of Common Council, deplor ing the schism in the Church and the innovations of the Puseyites. To the address of the Corporation a formal answer will be delivered by her Majesty, which it is hoped will prove a severe blow and heavy discourage ment to the Tractarians. The rumours of a brevet are daily strengthening, as the vacancies in the grades of Admirals and Generals are daily increasing. The necessity for having younger men at the head of our fleets and armies is becoming more obvious, and the claims of those who served during the last war are more urgent. Why a brevet has been deferred we cannot say—but we could give a hundred good reasons for its being granted. No longer can it be s aid that the very trivial expense it will cause cannot be afforded, for the finances were never more flourishing. Indeed, on that score even, we can safely assert that the mere fi ling up of the vacancies since the last . brevet would give a large promotion, without adding one far thing of additional expense to the State. But away with the sordid consideration of pounds, shillings, and pence 1 England can afford to reward her soldiers and sailors ; bet even if she could not well do so, her generosity would not be withheld. She ought rather to economise in her civil departments, than leave unrequited those men who have saved her civil institutions from destruction, and preserved her glorious constitution intact, amid the wreck of surrounding States. —Nagal and Military Ga zette. FIRE IN TRREADUREDLE•STREET.-011 Saturday night last, between ten and eleven o'clock, the safety of Betty's Tavern, Hercules-passage, Threadneedle-street, was placed in the greatest jeopardy, in consequence of the outbreak of a fire in one of the bed-rooms. It was discovered by a domestic, and intelligence having been ant to the fire-stations, the brigade were soon present wilt their engines. Previous to their arrival every per son on the premises assisted in procuring a supply of water froze the cisterns, and although attended with considerable e l emager ve is believ e d t o hi:the alarm soon subsided. he fir© originated from s, lighted candle having been pl ace d L ', , o near the bed curtains. Mr, Hales, the landlord, is i nsure : in the Sun Fire-o&e. The greatest credit is due to hose in the h ouse for timely services, other w i se the 1 , -, retnises m us t h ave been destroyed. ROTAL VICTORIA THEATRE.—This favourite place of amusement has, in the past week, been crowded nightly, and the success of the new piece, Marienne; or, 7he Child of Crime, most completely established. The pantomime is held by numbers to be the very best since Mother Goose took the play-going public by storm. The song which Joey Grimaldi made immortal, has a very fit successor, according to our recollection, in Mr. Blanchard, who is the Clown. Mademoiselle Le Vite is a vigorous dancer, and an excellent Columbine also. ..ord and Lady Leigh have issued cards of invita tion to the principal Nobility and gentry residing in the vicinity of Stoneleigh Abbey, for a grand ball, which is to take place on Friday next at that fine seat, to cele brate the coming of age of their son, the Hon. William Ilenry Leigh. Sir John H. Lowther, Bart.,. Swillington, York shire, has directed the annual interest of 200 L to be paid to the treasurer of the Cumberland Infirmary, for the use of that institution. - MONEY MARKET. MONDAY, DEC. 23.—Notwithstanding the un favourable advices received from Europe by the last steamer, the Stock Market to-day was quite firm, and prices had an upward tendency. Erie Railroad, Canton Co., Farmers' Trust, Pennsylvania Fives, Indiana U. S. Bank and Reading, closed firm at Saturday's prices. Norwich and Worcester fell off per cent. ; Stonington, § ; Morris Canal, 1; while Mohawk advanced 2 per cent.; Long Island, 11; Ohio Sixes, ; Illinois, 1 The transactions were not very large, but we cannot conceive how it is pos sible the market can be sustained. The accounts from the other side, in relation to the Cotton Markets, were of so unfavourable a nature as to forbid the slightest hope that those in anticipation will be more satisfac tory. The immense supplies that have been produced in all parts of the world, and the moderate increase in the consumption, from year to year, must leave a sur plus at the close of the season larger than ever before known. It is the knowledge of this that will influ ence prices all through the season. 'We do not yet know the extent of the new crop in this country. It may possibly reach three millions of bales. The Acadia arrived at Boston on Saturday, the 21st, after a passage of seventeen days. The Caledonia, from Boston for Liverpool, arrived at Halifax on the 18th. THE SPECIAL MESSAGE —lt is believed that the opinion of the President elect is now perfectly coin cident with that of Mr. Tyler with respect to his measure for annexation, and if such be the case, there is nothing to prevent all the members of that party who supported Mr. Polk's election from going at once into the work and carrying out to completion the issue decided by the people at the polls. BLACK TONGUE.—This dereadful disease is raging with fearful violence in Gibson county, la. A great number of deaths have occurred, and some cases have proved fatal in four or five days from the first attack. THEATRICAL GUNS GOING OFF.—We understand that Hackett and also Forrest sail for England. They go to France and England, as the representatives of the American drama, Mr. Hackett occupying the dis tinguished position of the sole representative of the comic drama, and Mr. Forrest that of the legitimate drama. They have a mission to fulfil in England, but in the present condition of the Texas question, it is doubtful whether they will succeed. However, it will be all made up in Paris, Mr. Calhoun having succeeded in securing the approbation of our foreign policy by Guizot and Louis Philippe. Both these dramatic gentlemen will, no doubt, create a great sensation in Europe. MORE OF THE ANTI-RENT OUTRAGES.—It is with extreme pain that we find ourselves compelled to re cord another bloody outrage by an " Anti-Rent" party in Rensselaer county. The facts of the case (as have been partly related in the Herald), as nearly as we can ascertain are these :—Richard Knowlton, of Sand Lake, Rensselaer county, purchased a piece of woodland from William Van Rensselaer, and had employed a man by the name of Elijah Smith to haul a quantity of the wood. While engaged in loading his team on Thursday last, Smith was accosted by a party of " Indians,' some thirty in number, who threatened to take his life if he should venture to re move the wood. Smith, disregarding these threats, continued his work, and when his load was ready jumped upon the waggon and started his horses. He was immediately fired at by one or more of the Indians, and shot dead. OUTRAGES NEAR ALBANY.—We have received ac counts otlnßtseonftand A more disgraceful t o s u e t c r t a i g on es s. by o th n e Indians of meeting of th e A nt i -Renters took place TinueSs(rina)ola, Hollow, in the town of Claverick, on the Livingston Track. About three hundred Indians were present, armed with pistols, &c. This assemblage gathered together in consequence of the appearance of the sheriff to serve a writ. They threatened to shoot him if he did . not give up his papers. The citizens in that vicinity, who were opposed to the lawless movements of the Indians, hearing of the difficulty, met in a body, numbering at least five hundred. One of them re monstrated with the Anti. Renters against their course, when one of the latter drew a pistol, and instantly shot the citizen. The unfortunate man's name was Rivenburg. ANOTHER VETO.—We have some reason for believ ing that Captain Tyler will soon be under the neces sity of clapping another veto upon a law of Congress of some importance, which is now in the process of being matured, and passing both Houses. We allude the H ouse o f R epresentat i ves b y a to the Indep en d en t T reasury B i ll, w hi c h h as j us t passed large ma jority, and which will be introduced into the Senate this week, probably to pass there also. It is well known that Mr Tyler and his Administration are in favour of an Exchequer system, and we have good reason for be lieving that Mr. Polk is also in favour of a similar scheme. Acting, therefore, under the impresvion that the demo cracy in the House have merely passed this law thus suddenly for the heroic purpose of heading Mr. Polk, and stopping the present Ad ministration,we have some reason for believing that Mr. Tyler will pluck up a little courage, and veto it as soon as it passes the Se nate. Another reason we can give. The passage of this new law would be equal to another removal of the de posites—which now amount to seven or eight millions, and will, probably, be increased considerably in a few months—from all the banks, and private indivi duals in whose hands they are. By this law these deposites must he paid in the shape of specie, which would, of course, produce a prodigious drain upon the banks, and inevitably lead to a great revulsion in the money market. It will he seen, therefore,paageof such a l thatthe banking interests, in order to save themselves sending passa ge selv a esfrorn the awi disastrous nall co probability,nse o en ces unite t t the inco of the depu tation to Washington, for the purpos e o f i mp l or i ng Captain Tyler to veto the Bill. W e expect, there amongst parties pi f n o as r t e sh , aeg s o ec m oou e frt v she e i r s y oßf r ia e l l m . faerwlktadnibalyue consequence give rise to a great deal flare-ups Yew Y or k H era ld. of discussion before it is all over.— COLUMBIA, 'Pickens D : c o . u l T 6 l . l -I C ,O A - a d o4. , :N i A n the L E s G e n 1 S a L t . e k , T m ua r n . intro duced resolutions on the subject of the abolition peti tions and the repeal of the 25th rule by Congress. In substance (for they are not yet printed, and I can not get a copy), they condemn the action of the House, and declare that any movement by Congress toward the abolition of slavery in the district of Columbia, will be regarded by this State as a virtual dissolution of the Union. He sustained them in a very able speech, and the Senate unananimously adopted them. The House has agreed to consider them to-thorrow, 17th.—Charleston Courier. HAvANNAn, DEC. 6, 1844.—Business here is ex tremely dull—no produce being in the market. The coming crops will be late this &eason, and we do not anticipate any great stir in business before June. Exchange on London is down again to 10} a 114 per cent. Vessels are arriving in abundance, but can find no employment, nor could we recommend any more c ',7uinF out before April — those now in harbour remainhaving t pay e their r e.F t o r le) Freights dues and p or t c h arges , s to Eur o p e are scarce. — We quota freights to Cow es and a market 21. 10s. to 21. 12s. 6d. - Mediterranean freights, none in market. For the United States almost nothing can be ob tained. The fruit crops have all failed in our neighbourhood this sewon. Our Government officers are on the look-out for any news from Spain, being in expectation of hearing of a change in the Administration. Th Select Committ ee of i3X,Acic the A • • clic% 61° O r ' ) )0. 14 ' Of r oii lan'