The Sun. — London, England, 1850-05-15 00:00:00

to the THE SUN, Stfo t Oleg' into Committee—of course with a view of ist - esrtein fixed duty in the importation of lllt c t d e°l.2 ' Ile did not mean to assert that such a ' b e va „ a a great relief to the agricultural interest; i let o r; 4l .ter disposed to think it would not have the 'kc t ,,, a ' S ing prices, but it would at least assure the I 1 , 1; ‘ust they would not go lower, that the sources be circumscribed, and that consequently ka l , tllll l be a more limited supply in future years. ~t il ik r : ll 4l° l ta r l i n e g s ,t be effect to be the rising of the price to t in'ury would that do to neighbour ' what perceptble increase would Nk t i t() the consumer at home ? If they I ,oa ti tl i tt il 1851, agricultural discontent would be qoath:Letlent in a complete cauldron of national kte i c Then th e income-tax would have to be re ' a id before that d one there must be a general os was taxation. Would it be politic, then, to have tare anded interest injured and oppressed, smarting i eita, eBri t injury, and indisposed to any additional kke, dear, hear.) Ministers would, then, perhaps, 1;4 remember that that interest supported pe ,k,tl„rdense and that they had submitted to them it i4 ,"'aiPaet that they were to lie protected from ttt• o --.l3sti tiola with other countries. When things 7eXtremit 04, . M inisters could not rely on G.entl,e tOkoll'aeir own side of the House, their domestic ce,- 'lgte: he might call it, who, like the natives of certain lahi"euntries, whipped their idols more than they F aitthem.—(Laughter.) They might depend Illieittbat their main stay in the hour of trial would ;tot e s d ad interest. Objection was made to the term .enow, the th , but n protection they claimed on that . e a l i°use was only simple justice.—(lronical ,•cnotection against injury. —(Cheers and 41tit zr e s t . i ) 013, l a t nd wa w s hy argued that manufacturers should agriculture claim s t " 3? wer in manufacturete same situation. It so taat theers were able to produce I , 4 6.4e 'Xi tly s e th h e ta Per than the continental manufacturers; reverse was the case with the agricultu 44iitletitereste They could not produce as cheap as ttos n r4 r — (lnonical cheers.) He would take the case 13' Where the ;tate of things was exactly the 4 4th e ' l4 Prus s i a t h e manu f acture r could not pro 'Px)ds but the farmer could produce cheap lout Prussian Government could not sacrifice • aen t th e by letting in the cheaper produce , of our ~athrotectiouist cheers.) But here it was forgot it th.. t ,itt a „' - `e was a unity of interest between the two ,It's.,"' the cry was " Sacrifice one, that the other sty a f actitious prosperity." They forgot that it it -i , 511 ,e consmou country, and that thtainterest of ti to - t he interest of all. The motion was, no to protection. He gave his warmest t ,' t ire sti ,; (l it, believing that while it would not . ti lllalt' th e lass, while it would not be in any way.detri kelrl. ia ° '" B community, it would nevertheless give sa -131,414 defence to the agricultural interest. Some „oz,-14' been 'el about reaction and a change I ,'",i t „' a cee No said w]. could look about him but ;l een vinced m th an at s there y had taken place, and was L 4 tti Vece a great change in the public mind on this tt l th est NI , e ultimate decision of which he had the altakegndence. Ile did not know that any change lisd, P a l ace in the aericultural distrcts, ut rese l' 'a s ); s , ‘ "a place in r 'the other classes . of the commu- S' ll kt ' r e were signs not to be misunderstood of a stet e , °Pinion in the industrious classes, not imme ;toectel with the cotton manufacture. And 1 • ,t• L et t ia l i_e reaction but a desire to return to protec- V t 7.Marea Government was so entangled that listen to no such sober counsel, and that iL ltll oilt tot the s li g ht e st hope they would return to it. tt at e ss Y hope of that, but with the warmest hope e htes" t distant period the obct would be attained, support - to the _motion.—(Cheers.) ;INCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER was ex tl'tq,'; glad that this motion had been broueht for alemuch better that the opinions of N et it was Oetla, B of parties should be stated in Parliament,. i t Ps s f'Y Could be discussed, than published in the pGea t manifestos in newspapers.—(Hear, hear.) I t tit ed a‘ a Noble Lord had now put forward a fh,°4atisr, Of his principles, and that the standard of re . Oa.". w .as now fairly unfurled.—(Loud cheers from oa,sTltion.) He was glad that this was so.— ti tti a B l) „ The Hon. Member for South Lincolnshire a'llo () s k- k g Of the necessity of reconsidering recent le 4istit? but the great leader of the party confined his .. e ete h ills to the transfer or removal of local burdens. ltavhentlenien who waited on his Noble Friend said ha . " it ß but protection would answer their purpose. it4 s6,s ° _,w quite clear that the object to be attained duty of eight shillings.—(Hear, hear.) An P li s r- ," Member said it would be better to post tootio on the subject until a new Parliament Oth„"e elected db an amended constituency. But t„ s 4 d , t he e Hon. Member y was prepared to bring for i;lote"ite7 . Refo ' rm Bill, he must leave the Hon. Mem 41fqr , t 1341 a. He believed the greatest benefit had been lifeon the country by the policy which bad been dir a rs adopted.—Gheers, and cries of " Oh, oh.") ▪i t tot believe that the great body of the people of WolJettr te''q i 3' who had tasted the benefit of cheap food ii ''ti;• 4 three years hence, or at any other time, return q t Dol l i t : li aeat abody of gentlemen who would reverse skiesi?'" — (llear, hear.) It had been said . that he (the it t t , of the Exchequer) considered this an experi 6'aie he denied, in the strongest terms, ever 14 t aed a. single expression which could le ad to the -8 1‘ e that he considered this an experiment.— o' t atl l.l h e ar.) The Right Honourable Gentleman had I r l'' t a ,, r ?' clearly - what he conceived to be the object He stated that he did not think the ft of an 8s duty would be of any great hate t to the a ulti; rist, or that it would materially be E th h e p ' rie g e ric of corn. And he (the Chancellor of k 4t " 4l : e aT e i c luer) must say that supposing the ag,ricul tt;b , i ' 44 ( for comfort to the other side of the House, ttilt.ll444;4drerivlvery little from onthe Right Hon. Gen. a ufla a u from an admission that side of the t4 t the large importation of foreign corn in 1849 ;„ 11 , 4 1 11 „ 5 , t be supposed in the slightest degree to have . `,:ot' b t " lr l e o i ra to ot t i he . a t l b e n ged distress, which was the suh last session and one during . t e „ t ttic il i t ' The Right on Hon. Gentleman put the case of the f;Q 4 ',, t ri tt riet in this - The English manufacturer i li r s t i ' l uce B cheaperth " a t i ' the foreign manufacturer; the 1 7 iss B Aniculturist cannot produce corn as cheap as the ttirl Produ e , and the Right Hon. Gentleman would i 4 ts t4ill Y Protection er on English corn in order to maintain I,St ° ePol forltte English produce — that w a s to sa y , r aise the price of corn to the consuming popu ', '' :Ssi• l,"Li t--(llear, hear.) What the Right Hon. Gen tl e man w as that the price of food should be raised b y ),ttititt t g laws He (tha Chancellor of the ExchNuer) s re , (l it manifestly unjust and impolitic to raise the bread to the consuming population, and that '4`- t e,yrineiple on which the Government proceeded I, t t p tl q i: ci e alteration in the law was proposed, and it was by the members of the present Government. 4: 11 h - 'stire was not proposed as an experiment by the h'flib; p rt ent then in existence, or supported by the i tl ti ; II of the present Government on that ground, 58 sup po rted by them on the principle that the i'lclie°eihthiscountryshould have the main articles of Thalia w cheap as the world could . produce it.—(Cheers.) the principle on which the present Govern -I,4kla."ere prepared to stand, and there was not the Kelley s 4 shadow of misgiving on their part that their a 3 tk, W f a B just.—(Cheers.) With respect to the re howll3 that the Hon. INltmber for Wakefield, they went to t han `u4t th e • • of last year were not more e importations : 11 4 Tient to supply the deficiency occasioned by the potato crop. Upon his own showing, the l r )BSe'"4 the ° l.l of foreign grain had nothing to do with as ee cif produce in this country.—(Hear, hear.) It 18 C''air to compare the price of a year with the price li ~lf they compared the average pr i c e of ~,'4 l that of 1835 it would be found that the varia lOWai this I lld , the prices being 44 5. 3 d. and 39 5. was enough to show that it by no means fo. Fated t hat it was simply from the importation of foreign ?no 1 ",,,Y a statement in one of the London papers it ap tL‘4l‘uat Wheat was now 4s. or ss. a quarter higher k t 11 .4 11101 a month ago, and other species of agricul rios r i r tduce was also advanced in price. That did not : 8 44 1 ,1 .4 a any extraordinary demand, for the same itissa`i°bserved that purchasers were manifesting con ;4l-;te caution. It was manifest, therefore, that there b ' k t - 11 4 a considerable rise in the price of wheat as well o t t e ll e t• her sorts of agricultural produce. He would de nt O p the House by giving them any detailed state 11(LLte average price of barley and oats. The N oble t itha iT i Posite t tld them that there were consider able grain ' accumulated in the continental thingTb was alleged also of e, rid the a e same Now, what was the fact? it s t , b 3P the St t last s' quotations from New Orleans 41) ‹ ar .s e d that the - price of . wheat had advanced ' l .vtit h , 41 . 1 d 445., and that it could not be laid ' t ittai this country under 525. per quarter. His Noble iB J' t ay had also stated that there was an exceed 6t,°°4 harvest last year, and therefore a consider ate quantity „, I ,9_ ti tY more of agricultural produce was brought 1, at than in the previous ear. That certainly there " 4 1 4 had a considerable effect in reducing the Il an Noble Friend had told them further, that t s l r 'ltb w .! B considerable distress . existing in the country, 'eat gr ' that distress was ressing on every part of the t ‘ i lki liti r i , t Y Now he defied any Hon. Gentleman to kv4tPR, in the House and assert that . distress was ex tase ts' ou t • e rY part of the community.—(H.ear, hear.) teevai as venture to get up and say that distress was by th rit in the manufacturing .districts?—(Hear, hear.) t e same allegation was made in the previous ses tEthitc) t.11t1:1 after month, and early in that year ha had -" A ll " ge °PP tu of stating what was the result of ci°r• law expenditure and of the number of persons t he everl • %th e had showed that in the year ending ss of March 1849, the expenditure had been b e at' e t 1154 in the ' preceding ing year—that in the half je4sding in Michaelmas last the expenditure thenals had N t han in the corresponding period of pi iti , s4t h/ 5 .4 1'. He felt at the time that it might be ob kits ilt e 3 on that the low price of corn made a difference as to i s , of b „,. expended, and he took, therefore, the num it'''s(ms relieved in the year ending sth July, o -at' a 4 l B sc e ) °_rnPared with the year ending sth July, 1848. I 1,4 t period corroborated his assertion. Even up to the 003 s , to which the returns had been made out—. H . first January, 1849, and the Ist .Tanua . ry d e , v ` i ' i c difference was in favour of the latter peri , o . I t The we ,en they came to the able-bodied poor, the class tb, " supposed to be thrown out of employment i14, (1 greatest e xtent, h e f cun d t h at t h e num ber re 81'd ' 58 leap than in the former year. But a Noble t e 10 an oth er ana place was not satisfied with those .re it',rioa to ' moved for others up to the latest possib e e 410 , Which they could ho made out—namely,. Zh'r e L„uule of February ; and the result was entirely •k4ehe'nuative of the statements he (the Chancellor of the 'Nit a (1 11 ,]) had previously made. The Noble Lord o.p -I\zz'asiti:u..told the H 01.168 that there was . great and in gdistress in the midland counties of England. rl !ste rsh ? would t a k e t h e returns w ith regar d t o Lei- T h ese we l te, North amptons hi re, an d Rutlandshire, as tord wa r e Probably the counties with which the Noble n best acnted. He would not troubthe ILI the quai detuiie, to it was rather later but he would take the Noble Lord's own county. That was fair, surely. In the county of Leicester, id the sec ond week of February, 1849, the numbers relieved were 18,731, and in the same week of the year 1850 the number was 15,742.—(Hear, hear.) In North amptonshire, the numbers relieved in the second week of February, 1849, were 15,855, and in the seine week of 1850 the numbers were 15,530. In the small county of Rutland the numbers were, in the former year 1,410, and in the latter 1,292. He contended, therefore, that. according to the returns made to that and the other House, the diminution in these three counties was plain and evident. He would take the county of the Hon. Member opposite—Suffolk, and he found that in the same period, the second week of February, 1850, as compared with 1849, there had been also a diminution in the number returned. But he would take the year in which the price of corn was high—the year 1847, and he found in that year the numbers, in the second week of February, were 30,329, while in the same period of 1850 tile numbers had fallen to 29,320.—(" Oh," and cheers.) The returns that had been received from Ireland were down to a more recent date than those from England— they came down to the middle of April. He found, in the year ending the 14th April, 1849, the total num bers relieved in Ireland were 815,829, and in the year coding the 15th of April, 1850, the numbers had fallen to 338,000. The diminution in the present year as compared with the former one was not less than 476,933, or more than the whole number recieving relief in the present year. The decrease of employment was also alleged ; but he found that in the week ending April, 1849, the number re lieved was actually 6,000 more than in the corresponding period of last year. Now, he thought it important that they should have facts to bring forward to meet the statements that were prepared by deputations for the occasion.—(Hear, hear.) They would not meet them by counter assertions, but by facts that were undisputed and indisputable. His Right lion. Friend had furnished the House with a still more convincing proof of the effects of the Government policy in the diminution of crime. It appeared from his statements that the number of persons committed fur tried at the assizes and sessions for Epiphany, 1849, was 4,443, and for 1850, 3,980. The next was Lent assizes, and he found that the number of persons committed for trial in 1346 was 2,805, and in 1850, 2,558. The number in the Easter sessions 1849 was 2,334, and in 1850, 2,oo7.—(Hear, hear.) Surely that was a most satisfactory statement to make to the House as regarded the diminution of crime. To a cer tain extent the revenue of the country was a fair test of the well-doing of the country. He found, comparing the months of April 1849 and 1850, excluding coin, that there was a slight diminution iu the customs. The excise, which was the best test of the prosperity of the country, showed an amount in the last year of 14,025,000/. as compared with 13,932,0001. in the previous year. There was also an increrse on the taxes, and in the in ceme-tax ; and he could not possibly give a better prow of the general well-doing of the country than the im provement in all those branches of the revenue. And he was still more happy to state that, taking the month since the sth of April last, the same improved appear ance was maintained; and that under all the heads of re venue, except taxes, the improvement in the last month corresponded with that of the preceding year.—(Hear.) As a test of employment, he would compare the exports of the first three months in each of the three last years. They were as follow:—In the first three months of 1848, 11,684,000/.; in 1849, 12,822,000/.; in 1850, 14,950,000/. —(il ar.) How were these exports produced? By the labour, by the employment of the people.—(Bear, hear.) They must have been earning wages; it was known that they had been well paid; and with good wages they had had the additional advantage of cheap food.—(Cheers.) He would only mention one article of those exports connected with the agricultural interest; he hoped it would be a source of comfort to the gentle men connected with that interest, for he should be most happy to afford them comfort in every way in which he was able.—(Hear, hear.) The exports of British wool in the first three months of each year bad been -1848, 975,0001b5.; 1849, 2,080,0001b5. (more than double) ; in 1850, 2,162,0001b5.—(11ear, hear.) That was an indication of au improved demand for agricul tural produce; there was also en improved demand for corn and stock. The price of stock had been kept down by an increased production of stock in this country. The reports of the Newcastle market showed that the quantity of stock brought to market had been gradually increasing, week by week, for the last four years; and the increase upon the whole was very considerable in deed; while the importation of foreign cattle and sheep had been steadily diminishing.—(Hear, hear.) He re joiced that they had at last come to a broad point at issue. Lord Stanley had characterised the poliey that had been pursued as mistaken and insane; those where his words—(Cheers from the Protectionists)—and they seemed to be adopted by Hoop. Gentlemen opposite.— (Cheers.) Ile took issue with them upon that; he believed that policy to have been both wise and just; by that policy the Government was prepared to stand or fall.— (Loud cheers.) He believed that, so far from sowing the seeds of dissension between two classess, that policy was essentially necessary fur binding together all classes of the community—(Hear, hear)—and he be lieved that by the adoption of that policy peace had been hitherto preserved.—(Loud cheers.) lie did not mind the violent language that was used in public meetings— (Hear, hear) —he was not afraid of gentlemen mounting their horses and riding into the towns.—(Loud cheers, and laughter.) It was well known that gentlemen got a little heated at meetings of that kind, and talked them selves up to a fever beat.—(Laughter.) lie did not attach much importance to what was said on such occa sions, though ho oid not think it was very woe language to use.—(llear, hoar.) But he did believe that the policy which bad been pursued was essential for the mainte nance of good feeling and tranquillity, and for binding together all classes of society, and that no other policy contributed half so much to the permanent stability of those institutiuus which they were all anxious to up hold.—(Cheers.) Mr. DISRAELI said, though it might not be very agreeable to take advantage of the opportunity then af forded him to address the House, still he hoped that after the observations and criticisms which the House had heard from the Right Hon, Gentleman on the policy that he assumed would be pursued by him (Mr. Disraeli) and those with whom ho usually acted, that the House would allow him, before the division took place, to set la fore them a more accurate conception than the Right lion. Gentleman had presented of their views and in teetiuns. He must begin by saying that the motion now under consideration came upon them somewhat unex pectedly, and, when he said, that he believed that be fax pressea the general feeling of the House. The motion upon which they were required to decide was this,— " That this House will resolve itself into a Committee of the wh le House, to take into consideration the laws re lating to the importation of foreign corn." It was not the first time, of late years, that they had been called upon to take into consideration the laws relating to the importa tion of foreign corn. It was not the first occasion that they found such a motion on the table of the House. Not four years ago that identical motion came before the House of Commons , a nd the object with which it then came forward was, it the House should resolve itself into Committee, that then the repeal of the laws affect ing the importation of foreign corn should be proposed to Parliament. lie would not remind the House of the language used at that time, of the lengthened debate which then took place, of the ample discussion which the whole question underwent. He had then the honour of voting in the minority—a minority which, though not succ-ssful, was very far from being contemptible for its numbers. In the majority which voted upon that oc casion there was to be found the name of the Hon. Member for Gloucestershire, the mover of the present motion; that gentleman, a Whig Member, de member of a Whig family—a county Member—supported a repeal of the corn-laws, and formed one of that triumphant ma jority before which the present opposition fell.—(Hoar, hear.) After the lapse of less than four years they found themselves called on to pronounce a decision upon the same proposition for a Committee, though with an ob ject different from that which was now set forth, and with a purpose the contrary to that which was at pre sent felt and acknowledged. When they found a Mem ber for a county bringing forward such a proposition, and when they found him seconded by a, Member for a town, what were they to think? In that he recognized this fact—that two Members sitting on the Ministerial side of the House —one representing a county, the other a town, moved and seconded the proposition. — (Hear, hear.) When such a motion was made, and so seconded, all that he could recognize in it was the act of two repentant Free-traders.—(Hear, hear.) He could not fur a moment imagine that any light or temporary consideration —any mere caprice—could tempt those Hon. Gentlemen to take ,such a step as to solicit the attention of the House in such a manner to so grave a subject—a subject the gravity and importance of which had been acknowledged by several Honourable Members in the course of the present discussion, and so important did the subject appear to some Gentlemen, that in the course of the evening the Hon. Baronet, the Member for Marylebone, thought proper to taunt diem with the emptiness of the Opposition benches, observing how scantily they were filled; he believed he might point to them now as not being so empty. A painful and laborious experience in that House had informed him that at the moment of the evening to which that taunt referred the benches at neither side were usually very full. But, to pass from such points in the early part of the discussion, he would remind them of what they had heard from the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who repeated much that he had fa voured them with at the beginning of the session, and they had in addition to his observations the speech of the Hon. Member for Westbury. They had from the Chan cellor of the Exchequer the statements and inferences which he drew from the poor-law returns, from the cri minal returns, from the Customs, the Excise, and the taxes, to show the condition of the working classes; but he begged to remind the House that there might be very great distress in the country without its having yet reached the working class. The intense suffering of the middle portion of the agricultural body could not be denied —it could not be disputed successfully by anyone, and least by the Hon. Member for Wolverhampton, who once told the House that more millions had been lost than Cali fornia would produce. There was great and general dis tress—distress among st the middle portion of the agri cultural interest ; was there not also great distress in the towns, in Manchester, in Liverpool, in most of the pro vinces, in the great towns of the north? But they were told that much of that proceeded from the vast invest ments in railways, a fact which afforded another speci men of the data through the influence of which those laws were repealed which consummated the ruin of the agriculture' interest.—(Hear, hear.) If the middle class of the agriculturists suffered losses almost unpa ralleled, what must they suppose would be the near con sequences of that distress upon the most unfortunate and depressed portion of the agricultural class ? What must soon be the effect upon those labourers who, for the present, were factitiously employed, and to which fActiti9m epployrapt 14embvre a the 9thor bid! rue LONDON, obliged to refer as evidences of the prosperity of the country ? He wished frankly to express his opi nion of the motion. It was not one which, had he been consulted, he would have recom mended. If he had thought such a motion ought to have been made, be would either have praposed it him self, or asked some person mere competent to do so. His objection to the motion was, that it was of a partial character; that it asked the House to take into con sideration the interests of one class; and however just the claims of that class, if it were suffering, he would rather that they should at the right time be called upon to take into consideration the state of every class than inferentially to legislate fur the advantage of one. — (Hear, hear.) Much had been said to-night on a hat was popularly called protection; and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, assuming that those who sat on the Op position benches meant by the word " protection" what they in fact did not mean, had delivered himself of a violent invective against a phantom cf his own creation. —(Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Disraeli) would tell the House a hat he and his friends meant b y " protection; for he had no wish to change the word now popularly ac cepted. He looked upon it as a fact that the legislation of 1846 was the foundation of a new commercial system. He knew it was an inconvenient fashion in the debates on these economic subjects to treat the legislation of 1846 as the completion of the legisla tion commenced in 1842. He found in the two systems features of a most contradict or y character.—(Hear, hear.) In the legislation of 1842 he recognised a wise effort to extend the commercial relations of this country upon scientific terms of interchange, so that the labour of this country should not be brought into fatal compe tition with the labour of other countries; it being re solved, however, that there should be no longer protec tion to any particular class at the cost of the community; and at the very moment these measures were brought forward the great feature of which was that commercial interchange between countries should be balanced by countervailing duties, efforts were made in perfect unison with that wise policy to induce foreign nations to enter into commercial treaties and tariff regulations with this country. That very policy announced that while this country was ready to open its ports to the world, it was resolved that the stranger should not come and enjoy its market unless his was equally open to it.—(Hear, hear.) All those principles were entirely discarded in the fatal and insane (he quoted expressions thrown into the discussion by the Chancellor of the Exchequer) mea sures of 1846.—(Hear, hear.) The Government then commenced that struegle which had ensued on allowing free imports into this country from countries which met them with hostile tariffs. They then took a step most injurious to the rights and interests of labour in this country.—(Hear, hear)—that is to say, the English producer was not only to give what he produced in ex change for the foreign article, but to pay the amount of duty they placed on his article of production in addition to what he gave. In fact, he paid, and did now pay, tribute to the foreign country to the amount of the duty they imposed.—(Hear, hear.) He, and those who occu pied that side of the House, maintained as the real prin ciple of protection, as a general rule extending to every producer in this country, that free imports should not be received from any foreign country which by hostile tariffs refused the offer of an equally fair in terchange.—(Hear, hear.) That ho called the principle of protection to native industry—one which could be supported not only as a matter of high policy but be de fended as of scientific truth—(Hear, hear)—and the motion, as preliminary to the proposition of a fixed duty on the admission of foreign corn, so far as that principle was concerned, was justified both in policy and in econo mical science. There were exceptional circumstances which solicited attention. If the principle of their com mercial code were that every foreign country should send its imports free here which received the produc tions of this country free, were they prepared to let any country send corn here free which should receive Bri tish manufactures free? He was not prepared to do that unless he found the question connected with agricul tural produce met by Hon. Gentlemen opposite in a fairer spirit. There were burdens peculiar to the soil from which other producers were free. It had been calculated by men of great eminence, and whose works were continually cited, that a fixed duty of 6s. to Bs. should be imposed on foreign grain as countervailing the burdens to which the agriculturist was liable.— (Hear.) Ho was not one of those who wished the agri culturist so compensated. He would rather see the question of the peculiar burdens settled as he had indi cated it ought to be, by a fair adjustment of taxation; so that they should no longer go on as they bad in this country, one-third paying for two-thirds who went scot free. But if the Legislature persisted in the system which made the tiller of the soil maintain the roads, sup port the poor, build magnificent establishments for the reception of lunatics—out of his hard-earned gains, the agriculturists had a right to say that, having been placed in competition with the whole world, they could not longer postpone the question whether compensation should be given for these burdens, either by their taking a share or by their giving a countervailing duty.—(Hear.) A tax for the benefit of a class was not protection; it was plunder.—(Hear.) What he asked the House was to protect the native industry of this country, the rights and interests of labour; first , by allowing no free imports from countries which met them with countervailing duties, and secondly, in re gard to agricultural produce, he maintained that they were bound to give an additional countervailing duty or to take a share of the burdens ex pended, as much for the advantage of other classes as for that of the agricultural. A commercial system founded on such principles would very much tend to in crease the prosperity of this conntry, to terminate the misery which was allowed on all sides partially, at least, to prevail, to change for the better that perilous position of the great middle class which more than one Member had admitted to exist. Such a protective policy would, he believed, ere long be recognized by Parliament. — (Loud cheers.) He had thought it but justice to those with whom he co-operated to make these remarks; for to be told that they were the advocates of a system which had no resemblance to that on which they were prepared to act, was a statement too monstrous to be allowed longer to remain uncorrected. There was an important corollary. If the first principle he had stated were followed out, a greater portion of the revenue would be raised by Customs' duties. There might be a question as to the degree in which the foreigner might pay a portion of a Customs' duty, but nobody of a tem perate order of mind who had given attention to the subject would maintain that the foreigner paid no portion. What portion did he pay to the revenue raised by inland taxation? Their lamented leader, Lord George Bentinck, laid it down as a great principle of policy, that in all their attempts to relieve the great body of the community they should attack the Excise; and not that external revenue, which, under all circumstances, must be partially contributed by the foreigner.—(Hear, hear.) lied the same fiscal intelligence which in 1842 dwelt with the Exchequer of England directed the power of this House with reference to the inland revenue, it might so have been diminished that, with the exception of one or two taxes, the English people would have got quit of that burden which was entirely contributed by them selves. The people of this country always connected the rights and interests of labour with a revenue raised from Customs' duties. The revenue had been founded upon a principle favourable to their interests —namely , that in (-very country where taxes were raised, and es pecially in Great Britain, with its vast national debt, the revenue that was raised from the foreigner was more welcome than that which was absolutely wrung from the native producer.—(Cheers.) He (Mr. Disraeli) thought that foreign grain, like all other productions of foreign labour, ought to contribute to the Treasury, but he should deplore any partial or limited legislation on so important a matter as the reconstruction of our com mercial code—that, bit by bit, they should reconstruct it, and that the first article dealt with should be that in which many Members of that House were interested. — (Ironical cheers.) He wished that such a reconstruc tion should go upon the broadest basis, but when he was taunted with not bringing forward a motion on the whole subject, in which he should be told he had consulted the interests of parties, the chances of a good division, and the getting up of a temporary cry in the country, his reply was, that he never would be a party to such con duct.—(Cheers.) However he might differ from the policy of 1846, he respected the gravity of that policy, and of the great contingencies involved.—(Hear, hear.) He did not wish to see the Legislature pass laws, and then, like a capricious woman, within a year or a year and a half, turn round and repeal all they had done. No; he had said before, and he repeated now, that no vote of that House, full as it was at the present moment, would decide with any satisfaction the great question in which were concerned the rights and inte rests of labour. It was by sharp experience—by the distress which, according to the lion. Member for West bury (Mr. Wilson) " universally" prevailed among the middle classes, and which was now descending to those who depended upon them; it was in the terrible travail that he knew awaited them that the salvation of the people was to befound. The House were called upon to night to vote for a motion, limited in its character, par tial in its results, but, inasmuch as it was founded upon scientific truths, and conducive to the general pros perity of the realm, he could do nothing but register his vote in its favour. Mr. COBDEN would not delay the House more than a very few minutes, and, indeed, he confessed that he really did not know whether he quite understood the mystical delusions propounded by the Hon. Gentleman who had just sat down. He had endeavoured to follow him, and he would try to put clearly to the House what the Hon. Gentleman had just stated relative to the principles he had advocated. The Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Disraeli) had laid it down that I the policy pursued by their legislation in matters of trade in 1846 was quite different from that which it had pursued previous to 1842, in regard to the enforcement of reciprocity. But since 1823, when Mr. Huskisson commenced the introduction of free trade, down to the conditional clause in the late Navigation Bill, there had never been a stipulation with any foreign country for any reciprocity. The Honourable Gentleman, it ap peared, was a Free-trader, if we had reciprocity with foreign countries. Now, the Honourable Gentleman's definition of free trade and protection differed very much from that given by the Right Honourable Mem ber for Stamford (Mr. li e rries), and wooll not be found to harmonize with that given by Lord Stanley the other day—(Loud cheers) --and the silence which prevailed upon the benches behind the Honourable Gentleman when he was speaking just now showed that Honourable Members opposite had penetrated the mystery of the lion. Gentleman's declaration, and that they saw the danger of the position which their leader was taking up—(Cheers)—because the Hon. Gentle,man, as the advocate of reciprocity, was advocat ing competition between foreign and domestic labour as much as ho (Mr. Cobden). The Hon. Member made an exception with regatd to the agricultural classes, but with respect to the needlewomen, of whom they had been told so much, the glover, the shoemaker, and all the other industrious classes, the lion. Gentleman sa'd there Plust by 0+ 61460 exemption of agricultural pro- WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 15, 1850. ------- duce; " and then," said he, " I will be a Free-trader like the rest."—(" No, no," and cheers.) Why, the Hon. Gentleman was in favour of free imports with the excep tion of agricultural produce, provided that our goods were taken by the foreign state. But what advantage was it to the needlewonaan, the glover, the shoemaker, and the rest of oar domestic industry? What compen sation would it be to them to allow the free impor tation of foreign goods such as they made, because the French, Germans, and Belgians agreed to take the manufactures, the cotton, and iron of this country, free of duty?—(Hear.) He (Mr. Cobden) would ad mit the advantage of reciprocity in a direct trade. The Hon. Gentleman said, let the agriculturists have com pensation for the special burdens on land. But what said the tenant-farmers at the Crown and Anchor the other day. They resolved that no remission of taxes could be a substitute for protection, and that the Legis lature must maintain a protective duty upon foreign grain, or the farmer could not carry on a competition with the foreigner.—(Hear.) The farmers were not so blind to the incidence of taxation as not to know that it was one thing to tax the raw material, which was land, and another thing to tax the produce of that capital which belonged to the farmer.—(Hear.) Now the Hon. Member for Bucks proposed to remit the taxation upon land, and then he would admit foreign corn. But the farmer was for protection, and they were much mistaken if they thought he would allow that to be taken away from him as compensation because they chose to remit the taxation upon land. And the farmer would see also the clumsy process by which these burdens upon land were proposed to be remitted, because the Hon. Gentle man took off the tax from real property of all kinds — houses, mills, railways, and the rest. He (Mr. Cobden) did not see how that would be a com pensation to the farmer.—(Hear, hear.) The Right Honourable Gentleman (Mr. Berries) told the House they could not protect the manufacturers, for they had arrived at that point, and by the absence of protec tion too—(Cheers) —that; they were able to send their produce to Germany, and pay 30 per cent. duty, and to America, and pay 20 per cent. duty; and yet, after pay ing these duties and transit charges besides, they were able to sell cheaper than the foreign manufacturer. But the Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Disraeli) differed from the Right Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Herries), for the Hon. Gentleman objected to the motion, because it did not include manufactures of all kinds.—(Cheers.) He found fault with its partiality. But Mr. Herries, with more candour, said, "You can not be impartial, and the protec tion you enact must be for that interest which cannot compete with foreigners at the expense of the manufac turers who can compete with manufacturers abroad after paying 20 per cent. on the cost of transit."—(Hear, hear.) The proposal of the Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Dis raeli) was to exempt the land from taxation, and then to bring in foreign agriculture into competition with our farmers at home. And then , i n order to make that ac ceptable to the country, he inclu ded in his s p ee c h some claims to protection for the Bradford stuff manufactu rers, a branch of our industry of which we might well be proud, and which had no rival in the world.— (Cheers.) But these manufacturers would laugh at and repudiate such a proposal. They would not listen to this offer to take them into partnership with Hon. Gen tlemen opposite, when in return Hon. Gentlemen oppo site proposed to tax their bread.—(Cheers.) The in dustrious operatives of Lancashire, Yorkshire, Scotland, and Ireland were laughing at such a ! proposal as that which the Hon. Gentleman wa s making. Th e isrotec. tionists had gained a convert in the llon and Gallant and he Member for Gloucestershire h im._m(eh laughter(eMr.G.Berk.sy), wished them joy of Why (con tinued Mr. Cobden), if you had given me the pick of this House, and had said to me, " Make a present of one of your colleagues," I would have presented you with the Hon. Gentleman.—(Continued laughter.) The Hon. Member for Gloucestershire had done right in coming forward frankly and boldly, as he was sure to do every thing, for he was a bold and gallant man in his very looks—(Laughter)—and saying, " I am for putting a tax upon your bread," and he did not attempt to mystify the thing by talking of cotton all the while,—(Hear, hear.) They had been talking all night about the price of corn as if they were in Mark-lane, or sitting in a counting-house. They were indebted to the Hon. Member for Paisley (Mr. Archibald Elastic) for giving this turn to the debate, which he regretted, and the Hon. Member had been followed by the Hon. Member for Wakefield (Mr. Sanders). I would vote on that side (continued Mr. Cobden, pointing to the Opposition benches and to Mr. Sanders) if I were he. His speech was on that side. Take courage! (said the Hon. Member, pointing to Mr. Sanders, and addressing that . gentleman in a taunting and ironical tone) and vote for the motion.— (Cheers and laughter.) The Honourable Member had been followed by others, who had taken pains to show the price of corn, and the whole discussion had been a pure waste of time and wholly beside the question. Nay, more; he would say it was discreditable and derogatory to that House, when they had gentlemen there who were supposed to be interested in the price of corn and cattle, that they should be spending a whole evening in discussing whether the price of corn should be 365. or 565. a quarter. What would be thought if his Honour able Friend the Member for Manchester, who was a great spinner of yarns —(Much laughter and cheering) —were to produce his list of prices and say, "see how my yarns have fallen in value" ?—(Laughter renewed.) Would that not be thought derogatory to the character of the House ?—(Hear.) The case was precisely the same as regarded the complaints of the agricultural Members, and that they did not perceive it was only a proof of the inveteracy of the habit in which they in dulged.—(Hear, hear.) In that Hous© they had nothing to do with the price of corn. As far as he was concerned he did not regret that the price was so low. The people of this country had a right to obtain corn at the market price of the world, and as long as they could get it at that rate he was satisfied,let it be 35e., 403., or 455. It had been said that the present prices were exceptional, and that a great experiment was going on; but for his part he did not look upon the existing system as an experiment, nor did people out of doors so regard it. If a Cabinet Minister in another place had dropped the word " ex periment," it would meet with no response from the people, who held that they were entitled to the cheapest supply of corn the world could furnish. The advantage of a low price of corn must be tested by eeperience, aid the Chancellor of the Exchequer in his able speech said all that could be urged upon that subject.—(Hear.) Those who wished to re-enact a corn-law should endeavour to invalidate the facts which the Chancellor of the Exche quer had stated. If Hon. Gentlemen opposite were as sured that they had facts and experience on their side, they should court discussion. Was it true that, with a mo derate range of prices for the prima necessaries of life, pauperism—that curse of the country—had greatly diminished ? Was it true that crime bad de creased in gravity and amount ? That question did not refer to the manufacturing districts only, but was equally applicable to the rural dis tricts. A considerable diminution of crime was apparent in the counties of Wilts, Berks, and Hants. At the Easter Quarter Sessions held in the rural towns of Devizes, Salisbury, and Winchester, there was not a single prisoner to be tried—(Hear, hear) —and at Ando ver there was only one. Was it true that the revenue had increased during the prevalence of a moderate price for food? Was it true that our exports had increased concurrently with an augmentation of the quantity of gold in the coffers of the Bank? If these things were so, then ho was justified in saying that the advocates of a n increased price of corn wished t o aug ment pauperism, to diminish exports, and to reduc e th e people to misery and want.—(" Oh, oh," and Hear.") But Honourable Gentlemen did not dare to propose another corn-law in saying th . a . t the House was not prepared to that House, and they endeavoured to escape from their aitsbfyormer decision. Defective as the represen tationdreilveemrsme was, the House in the third year of its existence us ually followed pretty closely any change of public opinion. But if there was no change in public opinion upon this question, how could a change be produced ex cept by discussion? Could the advocates of a corn-law speak from a more lofty pedestal than that House? Their speeches would be advertised in every journal, and their arguments addressed at once to the whole com munity. Why did they not avail themselves of those advantages? The Hon. Member for Somersetsbire said it was useless for them to talk because they were in a minority in that House, but when a general election should take place they would carry their object. But if they had a majority they would not want discussion. — (Hear, bear.) Majorities could only be created by dis eussion in that House, but Hon. Gentlemen avoided dis cussion because they knew that argument, facts, and been ust his be lot to talk to experience were all against them.—(" No," from the Opposition.) " Then , " said the Hon. Member, "if arguments, facts, and experience are on your side, what l miserable eg h t laughter.) .It h debaters ad you m — (Cheers and mi norities during the ten yea rs he h a d sat i n the H ouse, and if the Hon. Gentlem en o pp osite were in earnest in what they said out of do o r s, the y would n o t shrink from addressing a minority in the House of Commons. —(Hear.) You allege tha t the farmers a r e s ufferin g usually distress, and yet you advise them to sit w ith folded arms and calmly await a dissolution of Parliament. The present Parliament might endure three years longer, and in that time the farmers must be ruined if the re presentation given by their friends of their present con dition were correct. It did not seem likely that the landholders would aid the farmers in Passing through the ordeal said to be prepared for them by any remis sion of rent. 'When gentlemen talked of a dissolution they did not know what they were preparing for them selves. They could not be aware of what would be the result of a general election on the question of the corn laws. It would be very agreeable for the county Mem bers to go down to their districts and be re-elected, but other Members would have to undergo a severe ordeal. When there was some talk of a dissolution, in 1846, he told Hon. Gentlemen opposite what he now repeated, that this great metropolis, with its 2,500,000 of inhabi tants, would not return one of their body, and ho believed that no Protectionist would be returned for any place having a population of more than 20,000._(0h, oh.) It must not be forgotten that not more than one-sixth of the adult males in this country had a vote at elections, and that this was a cause of great discontent. Would it be wise in Hon. Gentlemen, in connexion with the question of the people's bread, to bring on their backs the question of the people's representation ? If by a dissolution the Bon. Gentlemen opposite could obtain a majority—which he did not believe—would the votes of the two Members for Stamford be equal to those of the Members for Marylebone or Finsbury ?—(Murmurs.) He was not afraid of a dissolution.—(Question.) That was the question, for he u n derstood that Gentl emen op site were going to lay up the question of the corn-laws until the dissolution of Parliament. It they were sin cere in wishing for a dissolution they should support the motion for triennial Parliaments. — (" Oh, oh.") If the wishes of Gentlemen opposite were realised, they would bring about the most complete democratic revo lution that the world had ever seen .—(Divide, divide.) Mr. NE WDEGATE rose amid loud cries of " Divide!" and, with frequent interruptions, proceeded to say,— That the Eon. Member (Mr, Cobden) hAd appealel with confidence to the result of a dissolution. He would ask him, however, whether it was true that in a speech delivered out of doors he had said, "I am told on good authority, that if a dissolution took place next year 90, at least, of the 105 Irish Members would come up pledged to restore the corn-laws?"—(Cheers.) Ho asked if that language was consistent with what they had heard from the Hon. Gentleman that night?—(" Hear, hear," " Divide !") He believed the Hon. Member had spoken the truth at Sheffield.—(Hear, hear.) The Hon. Gentleman had showed an excessive anxiety for discus sion in that House, and spoke of the propriety of dis cussion being carried on even by a minority. But he forgot that he had himself told his constituents at Leeds that ho only wasted his time in that House, and it was useless for him to discuss questions of national reform there unless they were, taken up by ' the country.— (Hear, hear.) They (the Protectionists) were following therefore, the example of the lion. Gentleman; and if they did not at this time promote discussion by the in troduction of their measures it was out of deference to those who were showing that their opinions were chang ing upon this question.—(" Oh, oh!" and " Divide.") Ile appealed to the House whether the statement which the Hon. Member (Mr. Cobden) made with reference to the measure of 1846 was not doubly truo now that a large number of the majority were voting against their con victions.—(" No, no, and "Divide.") The lion. Gentle man told his constituents that he could not find in that House 200 men who voted heartily for the repeal of the corn-laws; and as to the Upper House, he said he bad gong through the list, and could not find twelve men who voted beartily for the measure.—(Hear,lhear.) The Hon. Gentleman used two languages—one language in the West Riding, and another in that House.—(Cries of " Divide.") The Hon. Gentleman endeavoured to find some fanciful differences between the arguments used by the Hon. Member for Buckinghamshire and the Hon. Member for Stamford; but he differed from both of them in this, that he urged the blind application of the privilege of unrestricted intercourse with reference to the policy of other countries, and without any consi deration of the state of the people of this country— (Hear, hear)—and all this for a class purpose, for the benefit of the manufacturing against the industrial classes.—(Hear, hear.) Colonel DUNNE, in consequence of what had fallen from the Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Disraeli), begged to say that at no moment of his life was he ever a Free-trader, or ever had any sympathy with the Hon. Member for the West Riding in his free-trade views. Ireland had not received the slightest advantage from free trade; for, in truth, there was not a class in Ireland that was not suffering. It was folly to talk of the condition of the people being improved when there were millions in Ireland subjected to every kind of misery that human beings had ever been called on to endure.—(Divide.) Mr. G. BERKELEY replied. He did not propose an 8s duty as had been stated by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, but only asked the House to consider the whole subject of the corn-laws. The Hon. Member for the West Riding said no reciprocity had been broken through; but he asked, if no reciprocity had been broken between this country and Brazil?—(Hear, hear.) The same Hon. Gentleman said no borough with 20,000 in habitants would return a man opposed to free trade; but what did he say to the case of Cork?—(Hear, hear.) He regretted that the Noble Lord at the head of the Government had not favoured the House with his opinion. The House then divided, when there appeared — For the motion ~. 184 Against it ... ... 298 Majority against the motion ... —ll4 The announcement of the numbers was received with cheers from the Ministerial side of the House. FACTORIES BILL. Sir G. GREY, in answer - to a question from Mr. P. Howard, stated that since the recommitment of the Factories Bill was fixed for the 23d inst., he had bad communications with certain gentlemen interested in the subject, and as that day was considered inconvenient, he should fix some other time for the recommitment, though he could not name the day at present. KINGSTOWN AND HOLYHEAD MAILS. The following gentlemen were nominated on this Committee:—Sir Richard Bulkeley, Mr. Cowper, Mr. Parker, Mr. Corry, Mr. Hayter, Admiral Bowl e s , Mr. French, The Lord Mayor of Dublin, Mr. Mangles, Mr. Frederick Peel, Mr. Childers, Mr. Osborne, air. Chi chester Fortescue, Mr. Henley, and Mr. Henry Herbert, with power to send for persons, papers, and records; five to be the quorum. NAVAL AND MILITARY OFFICERS. Sir JAMES DUKE—Address for " Return of the names and present rank of all naval and military offi cers holding any civil appointment; stating the nature of the office held by each, date of appointment, and the rank held at the time of such appointment; the amounts of salary, half.pay, pensions, and allowances, received by them respectively; and whether in the active or re tired lists; distinguishing the total ;amount received by each." The other business on the paper being then disposed of, the House adjourned a t a Quarter -past Two o'clock until Thursday. [The following appeared in our Fourth Edition of last night :—] GERMANY. Accounts from Berlin of the 11th, mention the se cession of the Grand Duke of Hesse from the Prussian Bund. The Frankfort Journal of the 11th says :—" The first conference of the Plenipotentiaries of the Germa❑ Governments was held yesterday in the Taxis Palace, under the presidency of Count Thun, Plenipotentiary of Austria. We learn that the Plenipotentiaries of Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, Wurtemburg, the Electo rate and Grand Duchy of Hesse, Holstein, Lauen burg, Luxemburg, Nassau, Hesse Homburg, and the free city of Frankfort were represented in the con ference." SWITZERLAND. The Suisse, of Berne, says—" After having col lected the most authentic information, we believe that we may give the following as the result of the elections of the sth of May, after taking into account the observations presented by the Governmental party : —Deputies of the Opposition, 110 ; deputies of the Governmental party, 97 ; doubtful, 12. If the elec tions of Jegenstorf, Wahlen, Borentruy be in favour of the Opposition, as everything announces, the Opposition will probably have a majority of about ten votes. The deputies whom we class among the doubtful are those who were proposed by both parties, or those who for their moderate opinions appear likely to lean to the Opposition, if it should decidedly remain in the Liberal path, which it has declared its determination to follow. ' Great agitation prevailed at Berne on the 10th, in consequence of the Conservative party having re solved to attack the Liberal students. The authori ties deemed it necessary to call out the troops, whereby order was maintained. GREECE. The following is the convention entered into be tween Lord Palmerston and M. Drouyin de L'huy s for the settlement of the Greek affair : " The Government of her Britannic Majesty and the Government of his Hellenic Majesty being engaged in a difference resulting from certain claims relative to losses and injuries sustained by English and lonian subjects in Greece, mentioned in the note presented by her Britannic Majesty's Minister on the 17th of Ja nuary, 1850, and the Government of the French Republic having offered its good offices, which have been accepted on both sides, by Mr. Wyse and M. Londos, named pleni potentiaries to that effect, being met at the Piraeus in the presence of M. Louis Gros, French Plenipotentiary, have agreed that, the said claims, having been duly examined, shall be settled by an amicable arrangement, according to the following conditions : " No. 1. It is agreed that the sum of 8,5001., destined to liquidate the above demands and indemnities, shall be immediately placed by the Hellenic Government in the hands of the English Minister at Athens, to be dis tributed by him to the different claimants. No. 2. Upon payment of the said sum by the Greek Government, the Greek merchant ships, previously de tained by the English cruizers, shall be immediately given up. " No. 3. The Government of her Britannic Majesty having complained of the arrest of an officer of the Royal Navy and of sailors belonging to the crew of the Fantome man-of-war, and the Government of his Hel lenic Majesty being desirous of showing its regret for the misconsception which caused that arrest, it is agreed that this complaint shall be considered as satisfied, by means of a letter which the Greek Minister for Foreign Affairs will address for that object to the Minister of Great Britain. " No. 4. Upon receipt of that letter the Greek ships, provisionally detained, shall be immediately given up. " No. 5. By means of the conditions laid down as above mentioned, all the claims specified in the note of the 17th of January, specified in the preamble of the present convention, are declared extinct, with the exception of that of Signor Pacifico, concerning the loss of certain documents relative ,to the debts which he had to substantiate against the Portuguese Go vernment. That portion being of a nature to require ulterior inquiry, two arbitrators and a super-arbitrs tor shall be named as soon as possible by M. gays, Mr. Wyse, and M. Londos to ma ke these inqu i tries, The Hellenic Government engages to pay to Sgne!. Pacifico a just indemnity, if it results from these inqui ries—a proof that the Portuguese Government admits the principle of tome of these claims, and only refuses payment because Signor Pacifico cannot produce the titles which have been carried o f, or destroyed, when his house was pillaged. " No. 6. The proposals contained. in the above arti cles shall be put in execution immediately .after the sign ing of the present convention, without waiting for a ra tification. " No. 7. The claim relative to the loan guaranteed by the three Powers, and to the Islands of Sapienza and Cervi, are not included in the present arrangement." TURKEY. The Wanderer has letters from Constantinople of the 23d ult., stating that immediately after Count Sturmer's renewal of diplomatic relations with the Porte, and immediately after his first official visit to the Sultan, he received a note from the Turkish Foreign-office, expressing the most unqualified satisfaction on the part of the Most High Porte with the late malleable resolutions of the Vienna Cabinet, and declaring, since order was now restored in Hungary and in the Austrian provinces on the Turkish frontiers, that it was but natural to look forward to the liberation of the Hungarian re fugees, and that any kind of restraint which the High Porte had hitherto thought it a duty to place upon the refugees must now, of course, be dis pensed n ith. " The prevailing opinion," adds the Wanderer, "is that this last phrase is intended as an official announcement to the Courts of Russia and Austria of the impending liberation of the refugees at Kiutahia, and of the employment in military ser vice of those among the fugitives who have adopted the Mahometan creed. The Porte, placed as it is under the guardianship of five Powers, was com pelled to have recourse to that note for the purpose of declaring its intentions respecting the renegades, for in so far as Kossuth and his companions are con cerned the Porte is strongly supported by the Em bassies of Great Britain and France." ITALY. - --- - The Roman Government has issued a decree, dated the 3d, ordering the sale by auction of the remaining domainal possessions situated in the provinces of Urbino, Pesaro, Ancona, Alacerata, Fermo, Ascoli, and Camerino. The Pope has pardoned MM. Pietro and Paolo Palomba, who had commanded some of the troops of the late Roman Republic. The Conservatore of Florence of the 6th states that the Prefecture of Florence has annulled the resolu tions of the municipalities of Louda and Massa Mari tima in favour of the Constitution. The Official Journal of Naples of the 2d publishes the following decree : " Ferdinand 11., &c.—Considering Art. 864 of the laws on civil procedure, and seeing that a doubt exists whether personal arrest for civil causes is applicable to a functionary in the exercise of his public duties; having heard the opinion of the Council of State there upon, and considering that the law imposes respect to public authority when in the act of exercising its functions, and that it is important to public order that such maxim shall be upheld: By the advice of our Minister Secretary of State for Grace and Justice, and having taken the opinion of our ordinary Council of State, we have resolved to decree, and we decree ac cordingly as follows:—Art. 1. It is prohibited to proceed for civil causes to the arrest of a functionary in the act of the exercise of the public functions entrusted to him by law. Art. 2. Our Minister Secretary of State for Grace and Justice is directed to execute the present de cree.—Caserta„ April 10." 2s 61 is the value, according to quality. Nut megs operations lave been limited, good and fine brown at from 3s to 4s, and low to good middling 2s to 2s 10c1. Of preserved Nutmegs 29 cases at auction went at 10d. Ginger continues to be operated in with caution for all purposes, and prices are further depressed for East India; at auction 1,684 pkts and 200 bags Bengal were sold at 17s to 18s per cwt for ordinary and middling rough export sort. COCIIINEAL.—A more active demand has been expe rienced for all purposes, and previous rates are well sup ported; the market having been more freely supplied. At auction 190 bags Honduras were sold, silvers ordinary to good at 3s 7d to 4s; 14 bags black, common 3s 7d to 3s Bd, and middling to fine 4s 3d to 49 9d; 15 bags Gra nilla is 3d to is 6d. SPlRlTS.—Although Demerara Rum is offered at 2s to 2s 4d for 30 to 40 per cent over proof, still operations have been of little moment, and larger parcels are on offer. For Leeward Island holders insist upon is 3id to is 4id proof, but the amount of business concluded has been small for all purposes. In East India there has been little passing, and Is 3d to Is 3id is the value of proof. There is no variation in prices of fine Jamaica, as a good home and export demand exists, whilst supplies are limited. In lower sorts operations, however, are upon a small scale for all purposes, and prices continue to recede. The value of 20 to 29 per cent over proof is from 2s to 2s Bd, good 30 to 38 over proof 2s Sd to 3s 2d, and fine 3s 3d to 4s 2d. Holders of Brandy are not disposed to make any further concession in the value, but for all purposes sales have been small—Cognac best brands of the vintage of 1849 at 4s 3d to 4s sd; 1848 ditto 4s 5d to 4s 7d; 1847 ditto 4s 10d to ss, and inferior sorts 2s 8d to 4s. 2d. The stock amounted to about 12,000 puns and hhds, which is larger than last season, and home or export deliveries are not equal to that time. Geneva is still quoted at is 7d, and fine at 2s to 3s; few buyers are, however, to be met with. For British made Spirit trade is dull, and sellers appear disposed to sell at 9s 4d net cash, and Gin at 7s 10d to 8s 4d for 17 to 22 per cent. under proof. INDIGO.—The quantity declared for sale was 8,893 chests in the A, and 3,335 in the B catalogue. Total 12,228 chests, of which 1,703 lots have not been printed —leaving the quantity for sale 10,525 chests. During the progress of the sale 423 chests have been withdrawn. 1,187 chts, including 217 chts withdrawn, have passed the sale this day. The proprietors of the first mark in the catalogue were evidently unwilling to sell except at an advance of 3d to 4d on the prices of the last sale; they had therefore to buy in a large proportion of their goods; as the sale proceeded, however, and in the marks not so high limited, buyers came forward more freely, and a considerable proportion was sold at the following rates as compared with those of the last sale—Bengal, fine shipping qualities par to 2d advance, middling to good ditto 2d to 4d ditto, ordinary and low ditto 3d ditto; Karp* ordinary to good 2d to 4d ditto; Madras, good to fine 3d to 4d ditto, ordinary and middling 2d do. Pro prietors bought in 210 chests, leaving 760 chests sold. TALLow.—The stock is only 2,000 casks more than last year, and prices rule is to 2s per cwt under that time. For Russian there is a firm market, and a fair business has been concluded, whiist the rates paid for P. Y. C. ou the spot are 36s 9d to 37s per cwt. Few buyers are to be met with for delivery in last three months of the year, still the rates asked are 38s 6d to 38s 9d. Town melted is 36s to 36s 6d net cash, and a good sale exists. Previous rates are well supported for other sorts of Tallow. At auction 380 casks Sydney were mostly sold at from 34s to 375 6d, and 700 pkgs South American at from 31s 6d to 36s 6d per cwt. For public sale 1,200 pkgs of Tallow are declared. OILS.—For Sperm there continues an active demand, and prices are still on the advance. At public sale 35 tuns of Colonial were sold at 831 to 841 lOs fine. The best Headmatter is worth 501 to 921, and in good request. Southern is wanted, andlate rates are supported, whilst 39 tuns were sold at 311 15s to 331 15s for mid to flue. Seal continues to meet with little attention from shippers or home dealers, a desire is evinced to sell; pale at 361 to 36/ 10s, straw and tinged 32/ lOs to 351, yellow and brown 311 to 321. Cod is held for 341 lOs to 351, still operations have been upon a small scale. For Linseed lower terms having been acceded to caused a good home trade demand, and some parcels are taken for exportation, but there is a plentiful supply, and prices rule at 30s 3d to 30s 6d on the spot. There has been little business concluded for delivery. Rape Seed Oil is cheaper, and only is moderate request, brown at 36s to 36s 6d, refined 37s to 37s 6d, and foreign 38s 6d to 395. Of Cocoa Nut Oil large parcels have been im ported, and prices are further depressed, whilst shippers or home dealers continue to operate with caution. At auction 104 cks Sydney were sold at 24s to 27s 6d. Palm met with little attention, and prices are lower, a part only of 45 cks at auction sold at 27s to 29s 6d, and 20 cks Palm Kernels were taken in at 23s 9d to 255. In Olive Oil purchases have been upon a small scale, and there are free sellers of Gallipoli and Spanish at 441 to 451, other sorts 421 to 431 per tun. CRICKET. ELEVEN OF ENGLAND V. EIGHTEEN OF HUDDERSFIELD. From Manchester the " Eleven" proceeded to Huddersfield, to contend against eighteen of that district, and the following is the result of Monday's play : ENGLAND—FIRST INNINGS. A. Mynn, Esq., 1 b w, b Armitage. 5 Ilillyer, b Armitage Parr, not out ... ..... .. 99 Box, b A. Crossland ll Adams, b Armitage Guy, run out Martingell, b Armitage ... ... N. Felix, Esq., c J. Berry, b J. Crossland ......... .... ... 21 Wisden, not out .. Byes, 5 ; wide, 0 ; no ball, 6 Total .196 FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE OF TUESDAY. The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint John Hobart Lord Howden, now her Majesty's En voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Emperor of Brazil, to be her Majesty's Envoy Extraor dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Queen of Spain. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to ap point James Hudson, Esq., now Secretary to her Ma jesty's Legation at Rio de Janeiro, to be her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo tentiary to the Emperor of Brazil. The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint Loftus Charles Otway, Esq., now paid attaché, to be Secretary to her Majesty's Legation at Madrid. DOWNING-STREET, MAX 14. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Andrew Col vile, James Cavan, William King, Charles M.Garel, Charles Cave, and Michael M'Chlery, Esqs., to be her Majesty's Commissioners in England, for burrowing, rais ing, managing, and expending the funds to be borrowed and raised by them in pursuance of an Ordinance of the Governor and Court of Policy of the colony of British Guiana, entitled" An Ordinance to authorise the raising on loan of the sum of five hundred thousand pounds for immigration purposes." Her Majesty has also been pleased to appoint George Lowenfeld, Esq., to be Receiver-General fur the colony of British Guiana. Her Majesty has further been pleased to appoint Thomas Stringfellow, Esq., to be Civil Commissioner and Resident Magistrate at Fort Beaufort, in the settle ment of the Cape of Good Hope. Commissions by the Lord -Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire. 2d Regiment of Royal Bucks Yeomanry Cavalry— Cornet William Northey to be Lieutenant, vice Love ridge, resigned; William Blandy, Gent., ta be Cornet, vice King, resigned, April 26. BANKRUPTS. Samuel Lock, auctioneer, Stoke D'Auberton, Surrey, to surrender May 23 and June 20, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assignee, Coleman-street buildings; Blake, Sergeants' Inn, Fleet-street. George Ward and Bailey Griffith , printers, Bear-alley, F ar ringdon-street, May 20, and June 27 , at eey, Healey one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson, official as signee ; Creasy, John-street, Oxford-street. Edwin Jackson Gill, auctioneer, Gloucester, May 31, official assignee, Sambrook-court, at two, and June 25, at one, at the Court of Bank -131 at s hogerson, Lincoln's Inn-fields. l a p s t i enyihallE- William Farr, beer-shop keeper, Broadway, Black friars, May 20, at two, and June 20, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assignee, Coleman-street buildings, Moorgate-street; Devonshire, Austin Friars. Agnes Ashcroft, shipowner, Liverpool, May 28, at half-past twelve, and June 27, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee Coleman-street; Parnell and Willsume, New Broad-street. William Pile and John Pile, shipbuilders, Monk wearmouth, Durham, May 29, at eleven, and July 2, at twelve, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official assignee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Cooper, Sunderland; Loveland and Tweed, Lincoln's Inn-fields. John Ryder, victualler, Liverpool, May 28 anal June 17, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Cionnove, official assignee, Liverpool; Evans and Son, Liverpool. Thomas: Smeeton, tailor, Ipswich, May 24 and June 28, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Cannon, ,fficial assignee, Birchin-lane, Cornhill ; Cree and Son, Verulam- buddings, Gray's-inn; Lawrence, Ipswich. William Breed, dealer in sheep, Areersham-common, Buckingham, May 25 , at eleven, and July 6, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Pennell, official assignee, Guildhall-chambers. Basingha ll-street ; Scott and Tahourdin, Lincoln's Inn-fields. George Cooper, lnen draper, N o rthampton, ma— y i 28, at two, and June 25, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edward:, official assignee, Sambrook-court, Basinghall-street; Pain and Hatherly, Gresham-street. William Henry Ethell, saddler, Birmiugham, May 30. and June 25, at twelve, at the Birmingham District Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Birmingham; Smith an i James, 13irmiogham, Jiohn Lawr ence and Henry Dixon, military ornament manufacturers, Birmingham, May 23 and June 20, at twelve, a t the Birmingham District Court. Valpy, official assignee, Birmingham; Underhill, Birmingham. The public are very much like children in the matter of fame. if you are constantly stretching forth your hands for it, they will find a curious, Lalf-spitetul pleasure in putting away the previously othrred wreath, while it you sit down in a state of perfect indifference, the chances are they will come and crown you.—Eliza cook's Journal. [ADVERTISEMENT.J—DeCIaratiOn of a Dutch soldier who fought at Waterloo, cured by Holloway's Pills and Ointment.— " 1 publicly state that Professor Holloway's Pills and Ointment have cured me of several ulcerous sores, which had their origin in imperfectly healed wounds received in the battle of Waterloo. The pain was of constant duration, and I was con fined to my bed always during the harvest months. I have now for two years been enjoying the best of health, solely in consequence of using Holloway's Ointment and Pills, which cured me in a very short time ; in gratitude for which I pub lish this testimony. ( Signed) J. de Swart, of Lent, on the V o ssepels, near Nymegen Holland, Oct. 4th, 1849 ." Sold by all Druggists, and it Professor liellowafe Eltablikhments 44‘0 Btrind 4 Ludo. IRELAND. DUBLIN, MONDAY MORNING. —Notices having been given from the Lord Chamberlain's Office that her Majesty's birth-day will be celebrated on Wednesday next, the 15th instant, orders have been issued from head-quarters, Dublin, that the whole of the troops in Ireland shall be under arms at noon on that day, in or near their respective garrisons or quarters, and that they shall fire three rounds at one o'clock P.M., in honour of her Majesty's birth-day. The field artillery are to fire '2l guns at their respective stations. In Dublin the troops composing the garrison, viz., the Royal Artillery, Ist Dragoon Guards, a portion of the 4th Light Dragoons, 12th Lancers, 9th, 31st, 40th, 43d, 57th, and 71st Regiments will assemble for this purpose on the Fifteen Acres, in the Phoenix-park, under the orders of Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Blakeney, G.C.8., commanding the forces in Ireland, when a review and sham fight will take place. CAVALRY REGIMENTS FOE ENGLAND.-6th Innis killen, 17th Lancers, 4tb Queen's Own Light, 7th Queen's Own Hussars, 6th Carabiniers Dragoon Guards, Ist King's Dragoon Guards, 12th Royal Lancers, 7th Dragoon Guards, and sth Dragoon Guards. THE GALWAY PACKET STATION.—The Board of Works have sanctioned the resolution come to by the Commissioners of Galway Harbour to remit the dues on the Viceroy, and also the appropriation of 251. of their funds towards the experimental trip to America. MIDLAND GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.—The first cargo, consisting of 600 tons permanent railway sleepers, has arrived at Galway, per the Prussian barque Emeline, from Memel. The contract for the supply of sleepers was taken by the house of Watson and Co., of Hull. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE.—An extraordinary meeting of this company was held yesterday at Walsall for the purpose of obtaining the sanction of the proprietors to a Bill for leasing the line to Mr. M'Clean, civil engineer, of Great George-street, Westminster ; Mr. C. S. For ster in the chair. After an important discussion res pecting supposed unfairness in the issue of proxies, the lease was unanimously confirmed by the proprietors. From a subsequent conversation it appeared that there were defaulters to the amount of 30,0001. connected with the original formation of the railway, but prompt mea sures had been adopted for the reduction of that amount. The line at the present moment is doing a great amount of traffic. DUNDALK AND ENNISKILLEN. Yesterday, in Mr. Bernai's Committee, the preamble of this company's Bill, which proposes to enact that the capital shall be 406,8001., in 13,560 shares of 301. each, with power to borrow, and to extend the powers for purchase of lands and completion of works for five years, was passed. MIDLAND GREAT WESTERN OF IRELAND. — The pre amble of this company's Bill for the Shannon Deviation and other purposes was yesterday proved. LANCASHIRE ♦ND YORKSHIRE. — The great station forming the Liverpool terminus of this railway was opened yesterday. This capacious and elegant structure adds another ornament to the town. VICTORIA Docxs.—Yesterday the preamble of this Bill for the establishment of new docks, in connexion with the Eastern Counties Railway, opposite Woolwich, was declared proved. It is proposed to have a capital of 400,000/., with power to borrow 135,000/., and to run the line of docks and canal nearly parallel to the river Tames at 600 yards from the bank, communicating with the river at either end by locks. MARKET INTELLIGENCE. (From the London IN' ew Price Current, May 14.) SUGAR.—To-day there was an extensive business con. eluded in West India Sugar for both refining and gro eary purposes, whilst the rates are fully equal to those of Friday for all kinds. The total purchases amounted to 1,140 hhds, &c., including the public sales of Barbadoes, consisting of 407 hhds 9 trcs 137 barrels, which went at 38s to 41s 6d for good to fine yellow, at 35s to 37s 63 for other sorts, grainy 35s 6d to 425. 66 hhds 47 tres 160 brls Jamaica, fine yellow 40s to 40s 6d, good 37s 6d to 38s Gd, low and mid 35s 6d to 375, brown 33s 6d to 355. 30 hhds Trinidad, good yellow 37s 6d to 38s. 8 hhds crystalised Demerara, yellow 40a 6d per cwt. REFINED.—To-clay previous rates were well supported for Refined Sugar, and a good home trade demand ex isted, whilst brown grocery Lumps are not to be ob tained under 48s 6d per cwt. For Crushed Sugar trade is not brisker, and at former terms there are free sellers. MAURITIUS.—This afternoon the public sales of Mau ritius Sugar went off freely, and consists of 5,169 bags and 54 casks, whilst the rates obtained aro fully equal to these current previously, and in some cases rather above; good and fine yellow went at 36s 6cl to 38s, low and middling 34s to 365, refining sorts 34s to 375, grainy 33s to 38s 6(1 per cwt, and all Found buyers. EAST INDIA.—This afternoon the demand for Bengal Sugar was active, and at public sale 5,286 bags were all sold at full terms, and in some cases Gd per cwt above for better sorts of white Benares; strong yellow went at 383 to 425, white 44s to 465, white Benares 36s to 395, soft yellow 30s to 35s 6d, brown 28s to 29s 6d. Of Madras 1,539 bags sold at moderate rates; good and fine soft brown 28s to 28s 6d, and ord to good yellow 29s to 38s 6d. Fouradx.—This afternoon at public sale 831 baskets Java Sugar all sold, strong grey a t 41s to 435, yellow 37s to 41s; but 1,159 bags Siam were all withdrawn. MOLASSES.—Operations in West India are still limited and former rates are barely supported. A small parcel of Dominica has been sold at 15s 6d, and 206 puns fine Porto Rico at 161. Mauritius and Bengal met with little attention, and 12s to 13s is the value. COFFEE.—This afternoon holders of Coffee were firm, and refrained from offering any at pu blic sale, but the purc hases made privately were limited for ho me con sumption and export. There era not sellers of good ord Native Ceylon here under 40s 6d per cwt. The quan tity of Coffee declared fur pub lic competition on Friday is at present small of both home trade and export sorts, but privately small parcels are on offer. Cocoa.. —Although there is a larger stock of West by 3,00 0 bags, yet holders are firm India than last year , and offered none at auction since last Tuesday. Previous terms are well supported, and a fair business has been concluded by private treaty; Trinidad, red at 39s to 465, grey 37s to 40$, Grenada and St. Lucia from 35s to 38s per cwt. The market is firm for Foreign at 27s to 295, but few buyers are to be met with. TEA. — Several parcels of common Congou have been taken for exportation at Bid to 9d per lb, but for home consumption the amount of business concluded has been small. Operations in other sorts have been limited for all purposes, and sellers are willing to accept for medium Sid to Is Id, and better sorts is 2d to is Bd. Of Green Tea greater parcels are on offer, and dealers operating with caution a fall has taken place in prices of Id to 2d per lb for fine sorts. In mid and inferior only limited sales have been made, and rather lower terms are acceded to. Scented and Pekoe Teas have been operated in with caution, and late terms are not supported. At auction last week 19,335 pkgs of Tea were offered, and only 4,100 actu ally sold. RlCE.—Today the demand was active for East India, and at public sale 3,580 bags Bengal nearly all sold; low white at 98, mid to good 9s Gd to 10s 6d, damaged 5s 6d to 8s 6d : 2,403 bags Madras went at 8s to 9s for low to good pinkey white, and damaged 5s 6d to 8s 6d; these are higher rates. Of Jamaica Arrowroot 660 tins went at itid to loid. SPICES.—For Pimento prices have further declined. At auction 670 bags old middling and good went at 4jd to 4id, good ordinary coarse 4d, and low 30 to 3iet per lb, and there is a larger stock than last year. Black Pepper is not offered at any further reduc tion, still operations have been limited by private treaty; Sumatra at 4J CO 2id, and Malabar at 2id to 3(1. White has been in fair de mand at late terms, and 52 bags Penang wet e sold at bid to 6id for good, and at Gd to 6ad for damaged. For Cinnamon there is a quiet market with free sellers at previous rates. Cloves have been purchased with cau tion, Bourbon and Zanzibar at bid to 7d, Penang 1s to is 4d, and Bencoolen Is 4d to Is 9d. Holders of Cassia Lignea do not appear disposed to accept lower rates, privately operations have been small at from 76s to 86s per cwt. Awe is not much wanted, and le s c i to INNo. — ( tal.