The Sun. — London, England, 1850-09-06 00:00:00

E; _ --...............r emir r °W-STREET. —(THIS DAY.) , r , .1 140 , )11 ' I2I ZIARY CASE. -- David Carr, a man cf 4 )t s i t, valet to Mr. John Dubaine, a gentleman of inde el" fPrtilne, residing (whin in London) at Evan's ki Putzza, n t — "eot-gardrn, was placed at the bar §t r , , !sr• a 11 17, charged under the ' following most I , o "11113rY circumstances : )h red the Dodd stated that the prisoner, last evening, u t , ~ tee -- Sh up of Mr. Sayer, pawnbroke-, in Brydgesd , i r r with fJur immense silver salvers, and offerc id , 4 , b`„ ) , e Pledge. lie asked 30/. for them, which won, 'lti s ' e n at once lent on them, had not Mr. Sayer had b,ph: ,tl6_eaut,:pri:eitoonryabout them. He closely questioned the -.4out whose property it was, but not receiving 11 4 they were answer,. - he told . him that he believed lit, 1) 1 3t, 1 h _ m no.t his, upon which the prisoner took s,, s wa s f oi ,.! .the counter and darted ‘ off with them. i l ! th en uwecl and overtaken under the Piazzi. He o ,' ta, n 4 poved to the station. He told who and what 4 ",,t a 1 ) 1, 1 1" !s. !taster shortly afterwards arrived. He ilti the D'St of characters and as a proof of the off , °4 he had . li ii . sa, , always t ail hitn, he made him a present -, brow-, IT - i., „ him about 30 guiaeas, ten days ago.. He 44 ir e iti,ttuh'_n„,lai.up from a child, baring bought him as per qiuh i „ .. ..e unued States. The . property was his, but , sa ner "E account for its being in the hands . of the tti l i t , 14 43 he thought he had lccked it all up six weeks in t h ': Og th beli e IA that he had no sinister motive DA 'llt (' "It°. The prisoner was then locked up for , e i , ' kid this morning it was discovered th.st Mr. 1 / 4 1 I f 5 had sailed for America at eight o'clock, having i fur th e r , , 4,, t, ti, t c s age of the prisoner. )11,,➢ea se is .. }' 1N11 ,,. rezta•ked that it was a most extraordi hj. 4tiotr , .U 4 ftS there was no proof of the prisoner's „I is e h 3 relati7e to the disposal of the plate he must , I t i , 41 :ged. I ► l )10,1413,°ner th enfor the y found on ! S'd als o u s s. g Plate, as he wouldjoin his master in a l /ft vo rem; ibas.44l mak.3 a Would n appl make ication n the usual no order. The prisoner `° i w ners of P o l ice. way to .......,..... Isprm „ ,jr ~,,,ere ii‘iIiINSTER—(THIS DAY.) Otis qt,i4o-3."Yes and George Sheens, two labourers, ti ,, , '':( r ni ° g placed at the bar before Mr. Burrell, tz; . hatt,,,4l-414iion, charged, with others not in custody, ' l % l l g caused the death of George Fox, a fish ,,,l , • • Iv itle, a - RE 1 0 rttl from the evidence that at about five on 1,, le tt ,;(1). alernoon Fox was returning home to n t_ea en in . tr,,! , lefh. I%e°, Pimlico when Stev.ns by ac id its I ,; 414 3 , 1 ,,,' little boy's hip against his legs. Upon a: S' lat i) ,"ii as above described, he took the hoop up i i : 'l4tr.'el, when Stevens, with a disgusting epithet, dn '144 he did not immediately put the hoop dn o t w he t ' , I,Purioh his he a d. Fox replied he could i -4 with The %of th e . out more ado they fell to fighting. elia Prison,,r Stevens, who is out upon bail for il.titi„rg, hut who was not placed stthe bar a this ki irtiZ4wilig to her being very ill, received n blow, Fe dents i. 40 t4 „ /WIY wterwards the two oked `lll. °' hers fell upon Fox al m to a g l e e ther. They liti tib`a n over the shaft of a cart, lifted him !,,” 16 -ea continued their cowardly attack upon 0 t r,- deceased man Mending himself . I ',i t 'c,tirae, i h ~ th e • The prisoner Robert Has a. il ) h; o r " hiee upon the ground , . a falling .eavy 1 '4i ' h a nd this. be followed up h. y n e il l:n r t • -n "r• The object of their violence be. . 41 ti t i , ~sible, when one f f the defendants brutally '; i tir , ' rho ---- is only faint, when ho gets up 4 4 o it him - e k ti ~ 4i,, again. 1,,.'il . 1 , 'elle() affe ti 2' the female prisoner, who, as ,•4 , ',,,lve, .., en - • • laced at the bar, Slyery co - as not this morning p teete4 Pradic:ory. When the male defendants 4 1 711 C1 into custody they said " that they wished 1 . (leo yYP % the ----- worse," the poor man at the ~ Of ,h3enqble upon the Tavernen% . .fit' t° l) ." ill3Pecors of the B division said that h . e th ' Id -%i,,,Georgo's Respite.' this morning, and he c .. 4r C ' c ox had died that morning at hall-past i l \ i p „ Eilibg been sensible. It:0 w(th"Li. asked if the coroner had by t e : n ye commue ° .101.,,tietPietiollrd r:gtieetstsewderaedremand e 6 u ffi nt r i m l the result of was i t ,q t o. 4 Inquest had been made known, which 0411rtri3clilers asked if they might be admitted to bail? in illit'etiQh444l. said he would take bail, themselves e,,,, 4 two suretica of 501. each, to answer the Tim b - sil was put ir. 4. f ltPe C k i 3 / 4 12-4 i "RT.—The next sitting day of this 14t4 ia,. ort vacation, i s appo i nted for Thursday next t ties „ e l ek, ast 13 UTTER IN BOGS NEAR BALLY 11:',eire14,the a mall farmer, named James Young, , o v f .'", B a of Bellaghy, ' on the estate of John ;.arkmount, dug up out of a bog in which bl o t' to : Th e iteg of butter in a state of remarkable pre !void composing the keg itself was c0m ;1,1443(1 R W Blast the butter- abcut 601b5.--was in taste, Ino r "eral a vp, than pearance, as though it had not been s! ee th.. a months Those in the neighbourhood tt e firkin entertain the belief that it was kt tii lfr o 3 ' a le " t roublesome times of '93" A few days b ail in was found in Fenagh Bog, about four le.„(1 18 The hYrllena, on the estate of the Earl of Mount beoll:b,er,eVist'aesaf or c . f it is a farmer named Moses Paul, 14 t,'''ea° "Bich ell inches under the surface of a section tp th e b ut l ad been under cutting fur several years. t i ,, t 4 tlll lll lf or t aß e , tlti t er s Was quite greyist . in ap . perance u , n a d n e d r , k Ike grc et It had evidently teen 1 :0 of tho s , n umber of years. The firkin, too, is not q tt , thi t met. ordinary use. It seems to have been N t , i t klike theenaented on the outside, and is in shape 1, 4 444 third ° W Roman amphora. This, we under beei,t. or fourth firkin of a similar description p!oi 1V eau fou nd in the Fenagh Bog. 14 4 ' , 41, 4 ,a1t, - 0 4 uy-e , "THE LETTRELLS ; OR THE 14,:ulbh ‘ Najd ' 0 3' the author of" Shaksnere and his J • NI a 3 of Honour " &c. is übliehea this day by Maud t na be P • - A l oha de had at all the libraries. Also now ! by Miss Molesworth. -3. Our County, N 14 4 ~5 11 I.N . _ 4 . N ot 117 , Petticoat Government, by Mrs. k, 135ndhatt Lindsay, edited by the author of p Q ,• - •••6. The Travellers • or, Mornings at ha 4,4a3hipn. Shy Mackenzie, D.C.L.-7. Story of a ba r ':' , Sin and Sorrow. Also just ready 4 4 4 9410 t s . nes., by Mr Catherine . Crowe, author of I '9, °tor, W e of Xaturf. s & 2. Singleton Fontenoy hy J am es annay, Esq., late . of her Majesty" it*i 4 4 44 b N44'4141 DELI VERY OF LETTERS AND NEWS -1.11.714TRY.— In consequence of the excellent the /1". Were made by the different postmasters 1, 44 1 ig :,I,l•Piehtlted gdom to carry into effect the new s Zeliv ery e pne into operation on Sunday last, for a 'the.aitletters and newspapers before church 4„ • i t ,, t tr th e . this was accomplished to the greatest GIwF ellient inhabitants in every district. According c 44 04 ° f lett vti Qo ttier e c st er, Leederss received from Liverpool, Binning e, tro y 41) Lai citie Sheffield,. .York, Carlisle, and the out 32 the deliveries were generally corn -11,4411t 'rilay't,otlias-elft,nocrVclock, or ten at the latest, without t: In .att end ding the letter carriers the remainder I, ll 'y t h, anY place of worship they might think n ot and \Vales there are upwards of 335 , 14 44(1 of ing those of the London district deli -11%.21:„ e 'las already been given), besides Scot ti ce ehroes e the , sanie regularity the . deliveries _ S ande a ro were so strongly in favour of BA stif ati on. n __ y delivery, and so clamormis . agains „" and ',,Te now the first to give credit to the t , irt e ,!) fanv`uu .Postmaster. General for the change ‘ler a. - carried out on Sunday last in the delivery 0„ h , ON e‘ sata cu 4 i br belong . MsTarioa.—A few days since, while 4 t 1 4 4 nei l • nginc, -i t t. 4 8 , i nto Lo the Old Gas Company were putting 14. Nie be a 8120 P in Candleriggs-street, they fell upon , 1 0'0, 111 Et I , e , t ah l o i lea th the pavement, containing one yard of Se' letter addressed to Mr. William Scott, N i kki ' l t, ‘andleri zn eti a nd t, ggs-street. The letter was dated o r v at , We re ue . seal was unbroken. Strange to say, %o s E 0 Kattlng the pipe into the vtly shop of the 114 c1s ° ln th • ti t 1 81 se en f letter was addressed. How either Dr (rend its way into the nest is a mystery. kt tt orod of "°IInERY.—An extensive and syste kith. grai robbir i - w .•• t to N it , ,t e arenousemen, plundering the im ,444.1b,iY of he' has just come to light through the in t, erpool The plan is, that . on b lll . t o h e k tli h r e ., ll, 4 l e t k liv 4 ... tc_u from . the ship, a plus weight is con eith.rWei Aa t i t r : gued . in the weighing scale as a counter tvluteght wine]. the grain is contained. .Thus _Ohhteained in each sack of merchandise t Il !,„ 1 „ 1 1 ; 1 %1 1411e ewin i t is he en g a rd e n d i t s o thrown astrac in t li jy b e u a ll i r c , u t i h a- e k; t ei lk h Out e d er ,e! sacks, leaving the merchant to whom it! tee 's weight of commodity, but of 4 . 4 t• ek t wo Shipper to the . amount . abstracted. 04.Plraet7,_ oro,th.,,,w,arboasemen in . the service of Coves s_ i t Zl,7 l.. v 4te r, Anyt to ~I%etore the magistrates for tr ; b tetl ee se v r s ed a. man named Blac . kburne, who 4.' 1 1., No a ClePOt for erick-stree . t, which, it has trans et, reeth..., merchandise obtained by this and lPt~toaa'n 1' 4 00 rb uus - -- Blackburn Standard. L t t, 41'8 and "netbourg dated the 31st, says that : 1 0 th ar, Public vehicles bring every day crowds of q ) 7 4 th" Je r ""ng the ta i'r e ,, Bey ste are a great number from Jersey. r.,,qeui d 'stead , a mer, the Superb, arrived, it went esi ut `? show the fleet to the passengers, but Olt 9, butOP!. A e the stationary vessel, as required by I ` l. gun , Jt f 114, 1 le too , was fired to remind the captain of 1 ) . 11 N I 4 4d e, co in no notice. Thereupon the boats of rt. °ve tt tided by Lieut. Picard and his officers, 'Oh • Th o'k th e . 1,1 4 1 t C4 Dta .s heute_ Superb just as it was about to enter t s p rt 4 tiq eet in, Dl. ont demanded explanations, and . the y i t Alt 4 tt !le e r Y ro an ' l ux, immediately gave them in the ner. This, joined to the courtesy of kl, 4 t i ' s a 11), :e'ltlPreveuted the commander of the roadstead ~ as4l 44i4,...oceedli:erb in quarantine in the middle of the t th e W hich. wou'd have been anything kiiLt,kitht"o'Jnariat ....nrissengers. This incident caused a the'Vong the persons on the quays. It , 4tpk, , ..- li ng o t , 4 th e re,infirb had endeavoured to enter with i,Aron Veote, aulations, it must needs have some im tt, bee:Uket personage on board. Some one, by way kit,kl,lt3,4tiikilae:e.ttelitilgoef:ieal,lle of Ledru-Rollin, and immedi mN te al gencterm'ailY reportedr that he was really on poc, the customs Officers, 11 1 4%0 ei t l n nitti ah 0 1 ; 3 were immediately on foot, and a 1 4 4 ' 41:' beer!eeaerebi ev er,' Passenger was made. Fortu -Ito Na t iled the celebrated exile, or he would at 4 ' 11 1 •11 0 1°,k o ,, t tict or ` c i rs by the collar, and marched off to gaol, tl l le q 'la w :t aft er c.r B all along the coast to keep up a k o di ne ' l3 t 00 " 1131 . After it became certain that Le- ray, ,11.,sibark ctoard the Superb, the passengers were t ie . Dot- out then a scrupulous examination of eianteaus was made The inhabitants of eiyed the ' National Guards . of !)1 11 "1. 3' Were astonished at such a reception. Itt fr. t", l p oiq took A I ' M— Several pits at Haydoek r o 4le powd re a few weeks ago, from the blastingot ~,,,ofth,,er,b), one of the colliers, are still burn 111:5ritatin"nin th" n nave been covered up, and the fire ti 4 111, 1 1; th e iihedtnyand it is hoped that very soon others 14, 4 4 1 e) ,se tr , Ine t ,,„ • -Lu those pits where the 'men are able be? Plv e r k r Of tht colliery b directed that hands as uoth ja i h t s o r the g and day, so as to find work for t .. ttt 4, 7 rneu who are thrown out by the %eel ga 4 Time s . erj l s'N Calc kzek t r r END ?—The edebrity of Long cz. f it , ie r t til t itit e l t in to tt s ' t • sorw- sporting IN z i v cf the , e Long Sutton 4.3 at j3 "fn, has sent them a challenge in be- I "814° L-2tlaidsione iournal. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY LITERATURE. MR. HUDSON'S EVIDENCE AT YORK " A Revised and Complete Report of the Recent Trial for Libel, Richardson v. Wodson, pub• usher of The Yorkshireman," with preliminary Observations, 6-c." London, C. Mitchell, 1850. 2. " Report of the Evidence of George Hudson, _Esq , ALP. on the Trial of the Cause, Richardson v. Wodson, York Summer Assizes, 1850. Edited by a Barrister." London, John Hearne, Strand, 1850. The tact that Mr. Hudson was subpoenaed as a witness for the defendant in the action for libel re cently tried at York,—to be subjected to Cross- , examination in a court of justice in respect of all the heavy charges brought against him in relation to the York Union Banking Company, the York, Newcastle, and Ber wick Rail vvay, and the York and North. Midland Railway, and to be placed in a position where the truth, and the whole truth, would be extorted from him, whether he would or no—naturally excited an extraordinary degree of interest in York and the northern counties. He was, as it were, to be publicly put upon his trial, with this difference, that whereas in ordinary cases the accused stands passively at the bar, listens to the evidence brought against him, and hears,his accusers attempt to make out their case,—he was to be compelled (if he were guilty of the enor mities laid to his charge) to criminate himself, and out of his own mouth to supply facts for his own condemnation. No wonder that his friends and his enemies, and these who were neither, but who wished to see fair play, and who thought it hard to condemn a man on ex pect* statements and anonymous newspaper para graphs, without hearing his account of the transac tions, should feel curious to know how he would pass through such an ordeal. He appeared in court on the:day in question ; —he appeared under circumstances calculated to make the strongest nerves quail. Public feeling in the city was heated by the vehement diatribes of the journal interested in the verdict of the day, which endea voured to prejudge the case by creating a public sen timent in its own favour; and Mr. Hudson was called as a witness after the jury had heard directed against him one of the most forcible rhetorical efforts of the greatest Nisi Prius advocate on the Northern Cir cuit, or, indeed, at the bar of this country,—whose thrilling tones may be said at one time to resemble " the thunder," at another time, "the music of the spheres." And how did Hudson bear himself after ail this storm of invective, after all these withering sarcasms ? He stood in the witness-box cool, col lected, like a man of business prepared to give infor mation on every point to R hich hisattention might be called ; and then Sergeant Wilkins commenced his examination. As the editor of the second pamphlet above mentioned, remarks,—" All the consummate skill and practised ingenuity of the Learned Sergeant who cross-examined could suggest Ras with masterly dexterity exerted to elicit every point which could appear to make his conduct censurable, or throw a suspicion on the purity of his motives." The ease and frankness with which he answered every interro gatory, and the apparent reasonableness of his expla nations, struck everybody, and, as those who were present . at the trial testify, produced a powerful sen sation in his favour. The pamphlets before us both purport to contain the evidence given by Mr. Hudson on this occasion; and because it is important to the cause ef truth, — important to the character of a public man, who is admitted even by his most envenomed peresnal op ponents to have achieved no inconsiderable amount of public good, and to have promoted great public works which will last for generations,—who was, only a few years ago, by the _ public voice, recog nised as one who ;had promoted useful enterprise, who had assisted in developing the resources of the country, and supplying employment to thou saads,—and because it is important to the national character, which has suffered in the eyes of Europe, who have seen a large portion of the British public turn round and assail with indiscriminating obloquy the person they lauded to the skies as long as railways were making large profits,—like Actaeon torn to pieces by. his own hounds, mistaking him for a Stog,—that we invite particular attention to the two pamphlets at the head of this article. The first is printed at the office of the Yoik news paper, against wlich Mr. Richardson brought his action for libel. It professes to be "a revised and complete " report of the trial ; but a most casual examination of it will show that in the really important part of the whole trial, viz., the evidence of .11Ir. Hudson, it is mutilated, garbled, abridged,—not giving a full and fair report of Mr. Hudson's testimony on oath, as it was, in common decency, not to say common honesty and common fairness, bound to give, but clipping his answers and condensing his explanations! What will be theught of the animus of the writer who, in a "revised amd complete" report, can be guilty of such gross abuse of the license of printing ? The charges against Mr. Hudson are printed, literally, as the special-pleader's ingenious pen drew them. The criminatory speech of Mr. Sergeant Wilkins is reported, in the first person, verbatim. The explanations of Mr. Hudson are cut short, and the speech of Mr. Martin, Q.C., in reply to the scandalous aspersions on Mr. Hudson, is imperfectly reported in the third person, in this style—" Having recapitulated the facts given in evidence by Mr. Hudson, he con tended, tiec." The examination of Mr. Hudson by Mr. Martin, Q.C., which in the York Herald and the Yorkshire Gazette occupied half a column, and which in the report of Mr. Hudson's evidence, as revised by a member of the bar present in court, extends to six pages, is cramped into seventeen lines of narrow column ! Such a circumstance cannot fail to awaken the public to the fact that there are motives of malevolence in play against Mr. Hudson, which snake certain parties desirous, if possible, of preventing his explanations hiving their full effect, which par ties systematically circulate statements distorted by their own prejudices or sinister designs to keep up misconception as to his conduct. There is and partisanship stamped upon the title-page of this " revised and complete report ;" and no person can possibly form a just opinion of Mr. Hudson's conduct, without perusing the entire and correct report of his evidence on the occasion in question. Before we proceed to the consideration of the seve ral charges made against Mr. Hudson touching the matters in question, and the answers which he gives on oath to each of them, we cannot refrain from a remark or two on " the preliminary observations," which are prefixed to the report of the trial, printed at the Yorkshireman office, and published in Red Lion court. The pamphlet is anonymous—a fact not without its significance. Surely, when such accusations as are here advanced are preferred against an individual, the public ought to know who makes them,—Quis vituperavit? " Who is the instigator ?" Are these charges made by a man whose own character can stand fire ?—are they made by one respected for inte grity and respectability—for his position in society —for regularity in his payments, and exactness in money matters ? Are they the candid remarks of an impartial public journalist jealous for the public in terests, or were they incited by some discarded offi cial, some disappointed speculator, some bitten share jobber, some " obliged friend,"— " Was it the squire, or parson of the parisb, Or the attorney ?" Who is this Jack the Giant-killer who moves about in his " coat of darkness," and stabs unseen ? If the charges advanced against Mr. Hudson in respect of the York Union Bank, the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway, and the York and North Midland Railway, were, as they are represented to be, sub stantial and damnatory, it is obvious that they could stand alone, and would require no support from dark surmises, bodiless rumours, and idle gossip. In try ing the commonest felon in our courts of law all knowledge of a previous conviction is studiously kept from the view of the jury till their verdict is found, in order that they may give a fair and impartial ver dict, and not be prejudiced by importing into the ewe any circumstances not bearing on the matter be fore them ; but this writer studiously lays a foundation of prejudice before he proposes his accusation, and tries every expedient to damage the reputation of Mr. Hudson before he approaches the facts of the case ! He mentions that in May, 1827—that is eighteen years before the rail way mania—a relative of Mr. Hudson, named Bot terill, bequeathed to Mr. Hudson the sum of 30,0001. ; and he hints that there was foul play in respect of Mr. Botterill's will, because Mr. Botterill left the bulk of his property to Mr. Hudson, leaving little or no thing to nearer relations, nephews and nieces I Is it to be borne that the character of men, public or pri vate, is to be dealt with in this manner ? Is it to be borne that in order to sell off a one- bided report of a trial, involving the character of ore who has three times filled the office of Lord Mayor of York, and who still occupies a seat in the Legislature, such a viperous calumny should be put into circulation ? " r will bc hanged if some eternal villain, Some busy and insinuating rogue, Some eogging, cozening slave, to serve , ome purpose, Have not devised this slander!" That those who were overlooked by the testator should be dissatisfied,—that less fortunate neighbours should envy the man who fell in for such a fortune, is probable enough,—but there were the strangest possible reasons why Mr. Botterill should prefer Mr. Hudson to the rest of his relations. He saw in him an active, steady, indefatigable, and (as his traducers themselve admit) exemplary and useful member of society, and no doubt he felt satisfied that Mr. Hudson would make good use of his property. Is it even pretended that the will was impeached ? The will was in the York Wills'-office, in Minster. yard; it could be teen by any beefy on p,l . “nt:it of a shilling ; thsre is a Prerogative Court at Yo, I; fur the trill of test amentary causee—tiw city contained ilia), as now, several en terprising attorneys and proctors,—the prize Was 30,0001,—was, we repeat, the will ever impeached! Is it credible that if there were a shadow of even a suspicion on that will that it would have been al lowed to remain undisturbed ".? The thing is prepos terous ! It is a wicked inve aitiou, printed for the sake of galling, insulting, and nettling Mr. Hudson ; but it will, we are of opinion, hove a tendency to show dto the public of the Unite Kingdom that there is more at the bottom of all this outcry against " the Rail way King" than meets the eye ! But having admitted that in May, 1827, Mr. Hudson was possessed of 30,0001. and a business suf ficiently lucrative to enable the proprietors " to ac quire small fortunes," this candid representative of the fourth estate in Yorkshire describes Mr. Hudson in the following strain : " They only saw a man take a leap from behind a counter to become one of the most influential men of his day—from a respectable tr ad esman, possessing a few hundreds, to take rank as a. millionaire; a Member of Parliament; a boroughmangee; the owner of lour or five estates; and at whose ball s and soirees dukes and nobles attended to pay court and do homage. The nation only saw this, and ma evened!" The parbpbleteer wishes to represent Mr. Hudson's fortune as like the gourd of Jonah, which shot up in one night ; but the truth is rut t his rise has been slow, gradual, progressive, the ;toward of many years of perseverance and steady toil.. Equally correct is the following : " Having, then, as we have said, by virtue of his newly-acquired wealth, advanced in the estimation of his party, he vtry soon began to participate in those muni cipal honours which that pa ra7 had the, power of con ferring." What is the fact? That .he acquired his wealth in 1827, and did not participate :in any sart=ef municipal honours till December 25,, 1835 e, lb 1835 Mr. Thomas Wood Wilson was. lord Mayor of York. On the 25th of December ti a first elections under the new law took place- e Sir John Simpson was chosen Lord Mayor,, and Mr. Hudson was then elected a councillor. In 1836-37 'Mr. James Meek was Lord Mayor ; and in 1837-38 Mr. Hudson was chosen Lord Mae or. In 1838-39 he was re elected. Now all this was he efore the railway days— for the York and North Mi. Hand Railway was only opened to Castleford in Mt 1840, and the Great North of England line was opened to Darlington in March, 1841. Any one acqua ivted with the facts knows that Mr. Hudson then maina: bled the same hospitality in the Mansion-house which be afterwards did when he was at the head of the rail way world ; he was then considered by his party to ha• re rendered eminent ser vices to the Tory cause in the! city and in the North and East Ridings, and bef ore we believe he ever made a farthing by rails rays, he was presented with a valuable peace of pit aas by his fellow-citizens, and was visited by the at ietocracy of his native county. So tar from its being cc rrect that Mr. Hudson, " possessing merely a few h undreds," took " a leap" from behind a counter to be a millionaire, the truth is that he had retired frcinsv business in College• street as early as 1838—seven, ,years at least before he took that leap ! But instead of retiring to the country on the fortune he had secured, and living as a squire, as men of vulgar minds would have done, he resolved to employ his capital in a wt ‘y more congenial to his temperament, and more bent ,ficial to his fellow-men. One more sample of the honesty of the writer whose representations have b ten palmed off on a cre dulous public : " We verily believe, that if .a proposition had been made during that period, of to [Ladling the Atlantic, or of laying down a line to the me eon, no smile of derision would have been raised througl lout the country. Such was the public credulity of the age. But, anon, through the influence and repeated we rn.lngs of the press, this delirium abated; it was suddHnly discovered that more railways were projected than t'ae capital of the country (threefold) could construct. •Th 3 Stock Exchange be came alarmed; scrip-holders from bled and rushed breath lessly to the market; but, alas! it was too late! The huge bubble had burst, and prit 'es fell more rapidly than they had risen; provisional committeemen absconded with the funds entrusted to their custody, leaving the thareholders to their fate:— " The earth bath bubbles, as the water hath, And these were of them !" We have already said that for ahl this mischief, the wide spread ruin and multitudinous evils which subsequently ensued, and which a, e even pet travelling ' their sow length alcnq,' George Hudson, the dis-crowned Railway Monarch, is to beheld as answerable." We deny this utterly. So far from encouraging these bubbler, Mr. Hudson havttriably cautioned Parlia ment and the public against ahem; he pointed out the dangers of this very speculation; he predicted the ruin that would inevitably flow from it; he warned the holders in all the substantial lines to discourage all the wild projects afloat; there was no one more opposed to the (' Stags" than he was. How, thee, with any colour of justice and truth can he be held responsible for the ruin that men's own rashness, recklessness, cupidity, insatiate avarice, selfishness, folly, miscalculation, and disregard cf good faith brought upon their own heads ? Let him be judged of by his own acts,—if his management of the great lines committed to his eharge was open to cen sure, let him be censured by all means; but in the name of common sense let hi tn not be held respon sible for doings with which he bad nothing to de, and which he actually exerted his in fluence to counteract ! The first topic on which .Mr. Hudson was exa mined by Mr. Sergeant Wilkie s related to his con nexion with the York Union Banking Company. The imputation on Mr. Hudson. with respect to this bank was that through his mismanagement the manager had over-drawn his account to the extent of 16,0001. more than he was able to repay—he having, to promote his own schemes, advanced that gen tleman from being a clerk, at a. salary of 2001. a year in another hank, to be manager of the Yolk Union Banking Company, at a salary of 1,0001. A few words of explanation will meet this charge. The bank was formed in 18::13, when the notion of a railroad from York to Lore lon would have been considered as about as practicable a scheme as a sub• marine telegraghic communication now between Liverpool and New York I Among many con didates for the office of ma:nager, Mr. Wilkinson applied for the vacant appointment. From his experience as a clerk at Wentworth's and the York City and County Banks, he was con sidered to be a proper person, and he was appointed at a salary of 4001. a year—c ertainly not too much for a post of such trust. Mr. Hudson was from the year 1833 a director of the bank ; in 1841 he became chairman. The bank prospered.; it was regarded as one of the best conducted Joint-Stock Banks in the county. Many of our readers will remember the fearful commercial crisis in 1837 a—those who do not will do well to refer to some year-book or register of that date ; they will find an appalling chronicle of the effects of speculation and over-trading. The York Union Bank passed safely through that crisis, and again, in 1842, when the manufacturing districts were suffering the most frightful distress, the Union Bank, under the safe guidance of the man who is now denounced as the moat rash cf all speculators, weathered the storm, while the Yorkshire Agricultural and Commercial Bank, with a capit3l of 400,0001., broke, involving its un happy shareholders in liabilities to the amount of 201,6981.95. 5d., which utterly ruined several families. The proprietors of the York Union Bank were natu rally satisfied with the vigilance of their directors and managers, and on three succrtssive occasions, as the business of the establishment increased, step by step, the salaries of the officers were all increased together, till at length the manager's salary was 1,000/.:a year ! Mr. Hudson's railway connexion brought a large amount of business to the bank, and although the shareholders then knew that he could bestow little more than a nominal superintendence over the affairs of the bank, they were but too glad to have the pres tige of his name as chairman, and the profit of his connexion. Well, in the beginning of this present year, it is discovered that the manager is in debt to the bank 16,0001., and the Yorkshireman publishes a paragraph attempting to fix the responsibility of the defalcation principally on Mr. Hudson ! Prom the evidence, however, of Mr. Wilkinson himself and of Mr. Hudson, it appears that 16,0001. of the amount overdrawn was taken by the manager during the last twelve months, the greater part of which time Mr. Hudson was in London, and that Mr. Hudson had nothing directly or indirectly to do with the defal cation. _ Mr. Hudson, in his evidence, in answer to the questions of Sergeant Wilkins, thus explains the course of business at the bank in reference to ad- vances : " Q. When advances were made by the bank to any partied, were net they made under your control and directions? " A. Under my directions jointly with Mr. Scawin; and, under particular circumstances, with the advice of the entire board of directors. " Q. Was it not your duty to exercise your discretion, and take care that these advances were made on proper security ? ." A. Jointly with sty colleagues. • "Q. D 3 you mean to tell me that no advances were ever made on your own responsibility, without the sanction of your colleagues? " A. I do not think that I ever sanctioned any ad vanced without the concurrence of Mr. Scawin, except when he was absent at the time they were mach, / then then I acted on my own responsibility. " Q. Tell me, sir, is it not the fact that you frequently inside advances without the knowledge of Mr. beavvin, without his being personally present? " A. I occasionally made advances in his aluence; I may have made advances without consulting him ; I would have done so in a 50/. ease, but not to any large amount; but no advances could be made without his being aware of them. They must have come to his knowledge from the counter-book. " Q. When you gave your sanction to advances, did you alwa3 s communicate that to Mr. Scawia ? " A. Certaial3 ; if the amounts were large I certainly would tell Lieu. I believe I have done so in every in stencs; but lfe certainly must have known of every advance." • During the fifteen er sixteen years Mr. Hudson bad been on the directorate of the bgnk the concern prospered ; and, at a period when it was physi cally impossible for him to have been acquainted with the details of all the accounts of the bank, when the E hareho!ders elected him, well knowing that he was engaged in Parliament, and that he had several railway works cf magnitude in hand, more than sufficient to task the energies of one man, he is held resp ons ibl e, b y this scribbler, for the indis cretions of a manager who had gone on steadily, without giving any occasion of complaint, for the previous fifteen years, although those on the spot at York knew nothing of the matter! We put it fairly to the mercantile community of this metropolis and of the country at large, on this first issue—ls Hudson Guilty or Not Guilty ? ELIZA COOK'S JOURNAL. The last page of the new monthly part of Eliza Cook's Journal will be most welcome to all the ad mirers of her natural and warm-hearted muse. " Bessie Gray," a lament over the death of an old playfellow and school companion, is one of the sweet est and tenderest of the matey effusions of unaffected pathos familiar to the reader's of Eliza Cook, be ginning— " Another of my childhood's friends has passed into the grave, The living waters of my heart are ebbing, wave by wave; The ,11,odtide of my youthful love has left its sparkling strand; But Memory keeps the margin works in rifts of golden sand." Then, with a mingled tone of sorrow and playfulness, the childish frolics and the girlish employments shared in by the two friends are enumerated— " And then our bright half-holidays, our happy sum mer walks, Oh, Childhood's richest fruit e'er hangs upon the poorest stalks." Bessie Gray found a foreign home and a foreign grave, but hrr memory lingered with the companion of her childhood so tenaciously, that the latter exclaims— " I will not say, poor Bessie Gray, that later years have not Strewn truest friendship on my path in many a fairy spot; But, favoured as my heart has been, I never yet could see Two merry girls in giddy sport without a thought of thee." The concluding stanza is rendered most Effective by its exquisite simplicity, and will find an answer in the hearts of_many who read it : "My gay young playmate! can it be? and art thou lying low, Where tawny footsteps have their trail and waves of blossom flaw? 02! eau it be that thou art gone —so blythe, so brave, so strong, And I, the weaker one, still left to hum thy requiem song? I wonder where my eyes will close, and sleeping place will be— No mater; sleep where'er I may, 'tis little care to me. I only hope some gentle hearts, when I have passed away, Will think of me, as I do now of thee, poor Bessie Gray." Among the prose contributions to this part is one of Anna Maria Sargeant's very interesting stories, " The Second-Floor Lodgers ;" a tale cf the reign of terror, by Percy St. John, whose pan is so familiar pith the incidents of the revolution; " A Stitch in Time," an attractive little history with a most useful moral ; "Chemistry for the Kitchen—Vegetable Food ;" an essay on " Castle-building," in which that most delightful delusion is denounced, and perhaps very deservedly, as " selfishness," and with yet greater justice it is said, in opposition to a practice to which we are most of us too prone, that on waking up the dreamer finds that while he has been dreaming others have been *Dorking, and that he is farther behind than ever. "The Birth of Charity" is a delightful alle gory, which it would be well for the world and all its inhabitants if it could be realised. These, and a variety of other equally attractive papers, make up the new part of the journal, which is, as usual, characterised by the genial kindliness of spirit and the practical good sense by which it is animated. EVENING, COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, SEPT. 2. Her Msjesty and his Royal Highness took their usual early walk this morning. His Roial Highness afteri — vards went out shooting. Her Mjesty drove out in the afternoon, attended by the Marchioness of Douro. - The younger members of the Royal Family went out walking. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen, Lady Augusta Bruce, Baroness de Speth, Lord James Murray, Sir George Couper, and Dr. Robertson, will have the honour of dining with her Majesty this evening. SEPT. 3. His Royal Highness went out shooting this morn ing, accompanied by his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen and bir George Grey, and attended by Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. Alexander Gordon. Her Majesty drove out in the afternoon in an open carriage, with the Princess Royal, the Princess Alice, and Prince Alfred. The Prince of Wales rode out this afternoon, at tended by Mr. Birch. The dinner party this evening will include her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Serene Highness the. Prince of i Leiningen, Lady Augusta Bruce, Baroness de Speth, and Sir George Couper. OLYMPIC THEATRE. Since last Tuesday, the favourite drama Secret Service has been substituted for the Daughter of the Stars, in consequence of the temporary indisposition of Mrs. Stirlirg ; she is expected, however, to resume her duties on Monday next. Secret Service has been received with great applause. It appears to greater advantage in thi s t h eatre, and the actors seem to feel more at ho me , an d the play " goes " better in this larger theatre. Th e houses are every n i g ht overflowing. Th e p u bli c i s now taught to l oo k f or comfort as well a s amusement in a place of entertain ment, and in the Oly mp i c they meet with both in perfection. The st a ll s and dress circle in this theatre are admirably arranged, and the private boxes are luxurious ; while the separate entrances to various parts of the theatre give great facilities of entrance and exit. The new extravaganzl receives nightly applause; it has be en much improved by some judi cious excisions. The orchestra is remarkably good ; it plays with precision and feeling. ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH, YORK. The o • pening of this beautiful York on the 4th inst. There was an immense con course of Catholic fareir CATHOLIC i r es from York and its county to celebrate the event. Amongst the company present we observed the Right Rev. Dr. Briggs, of the Northern pis-. trict ; Bishops Ullatitiog;' Bishop ne, Hogarth, and Gillis; the Revs. Tate M. Trapper, F. regular, and upwards attended. ° f Trapper, Father Dent (Dominican), 'Glover, Clifford, the Very Rev. J. Reader, V. G. of York ; and the Revs. W. Fisher, Bridge, Cocksho o t, Cooper. Amongst the gentry were the Hon. C. Langdalei and family, the Lady Stourton, Mr. C. maxe lof Everingham, Mr. H. Maxwell, G. Salvi n and family (Croxdale), Mr. H. Cholmondeley (Broads! Clifford andfamily, o f YorkY and family, :Mr. George Drs. Goldie and Dolman, Messrs. Weld and Middleion, Mrs. Dods worth and Miss Wallis, Messrs. Caveson and Dearsly, &c., &c. A grand high ma ss was performed at half-past ten o'clock, at which upwards of officiated. The Right Rev. Dr. thirty of th e c l erg y Gillis (who is spok en of as the new Archbi s h op of Westminster) preached h an eloquent discourse, i n which delicately alluded to the present disord e r e d state of the Anglican grand Church. After the service a banquet took place in the Musical Concert Hall, at which the The Honourable C. Langdale presided.first toast was " His Holiness the Pope as the represent a ti ve of the Divine Head upon earth of the Church:'The Queen and the Royal Family followed. And after the health of the Bishop had been drank, Mr. Dearsly, the barrister, proposed in an eloquent speech the healths of the Revs. Render and Fisher of the clergy of the district. The learned York, and was said that the success of the Catholic cause mainly owing to the virtue, the labours, and the es indomitable energy of the clergy. Another cause was to be found in the increasing zeal, piety, and learni Protestants themselves. He was gl a d f of the this, the first church built in York o find the Reform a ti o n, was one dedicated t o the since poor Irish. It was a fashion to lavish a b use upon the Irish, but Catholics could not do so ; under Provi dence, they had been the great missionaries of Ca tholic truth. They had spread it both over the old and the new world, and their steadfast adherence to their faith called for their admiration. They might depend upon it in building these .. magnificent might churches, in which their poor outcasts pm in the beautiful services of the Church, their labour was not lost upon them. The health of the architect and the honourable chairman was then drank amidst great applause. About 500 persons sat down to this banquet. There was some excellent music, and Miss Witnel, of Liver pool, delighted the audience with her singi espe cially an Irish melody, which she sung wit h exquisite th exquisite taste, after the speech of Mr. Dearsly. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—At the monthly general meeting held yesterday, at the society's house in Hanover-square, Mr. T.' Charles Harrison, F.R S., in the chair, Viscount Newport, M.P , Sir Cornwallis Ricketts, Bart. Mr. Henry Wordsworth, and Mr. G. Ramome were elected as fellows of the society, and Mr. J. S. Gaskoin anti Mr. R. Hartley Kennedy were proposed as candidates for the fellowship. • The report of the Council stated that the nu:a- - her of visitors to the gardens in August was 1.4464, being an increase over August, 1649, of 27,592, and that the number Of visitors since the arrival of the hippopotamus (a period of only (Mt= weeks) has been 226,90. SEPTEMBER 6, 1850. POISONINGS AT CLAVERING. GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE. NEwro:.T, EssEx, SEPT. 4. .No trifling sensa tion has been caused in this district by the apprehen s.on of Sarah Chc.sham, who at the spring assizes for the county in 1848 was tried and acquitted of the murder of her two children. The arrest took piece at the instance of the Secretary of State, on suspicion of her h eying destroyed her husband, Richard Chesham, by administering arsenic. At the gaol of this place this day she underwent an examination before Mr. B. Wolfe and Captain Henry Byng. It appeared that after the prisoner was acquitted she returned to the village, where there seems to have been some gossip about poison, and how bad hus bands could be got rid of. About three or four months ago the husband of Sarah Chesham was sud denly taken ill. He was a farm-labourer, and ac cording to the statement of the neighbours was con sidered a healthy sort of man. He died, how ever, and Mr. Lewis, the coroner, made another attempt to uproot the mystery attending these secret and diabolical acts of poisoning. The contents of the body were forwarded to Mr. Taylor for analysation, and at the sittings of the coroner's jury there was a vast amount of prevarica tion among the witnesses, with a view, apparently, of screening the guilty party. Mr. Superintendent Clarke, of the Essex constabulary, on searching her cottage found a beg containing rice. She informed the superintendent that it was her father's, and she hoped that he would not take it away. He, however, disappointed her; the rice was sent to Mr. Taylor, for examination, and that gentleman found arsenic in a powder mixed up with it. Several witnesses spoke of the deceased being seized with the symptoms at tending the administration of arsenic, and his violent purging and vomiting a day or so befere his death. The mother of the deceased swore positively that she had seen the prisoner give him some rice, the last time about four days before he died; but upon the prisoner being asked whether she had any state ment to make, she denied that he ever had any. The most important witness, however, was a woman named Hannah Phillips. This person has since made a different and far more conclusive statement egainst the prisoner, which she solemnly swears is the correct one, but which she was afraid of giving lest she sustained the injury she was threatened with had she done so. Her former story was that she met the prisoner crying about the loss of her children, and that she would never get over it. She added that she had hidden the poison under a tub in a neighbour ing lane, that she had had a deal of trouble, and that if anybody asked her (witness) about it, she was to deny all knowledge of it. Other parties made doubtful statements before the coroner's jury, and then came the rather delicate testimony of Professor Taylor to convict upon. He found the presence of arsenic in the stomach of the deceased, but the quan• tity found was not sufficient for him to say that it had caused death. In this difficult position the jury did not feel them selves justified in returning such a verdict as would send the case elsewhere. The Coroner suggested, however, that the magis trates might probably proceed against her for ad ministering the poison with intent ; and in order to carry that into effect, the depositions were forwarded to them. The bench of magistrates for the district then re solved upon making an effort in solving the mystery, which appeared to defeat every inquiry. The con duct of different parties was watched, and at length an important piece of information was elicited from Hannah Phillips, the witness previously alluded to. She stated that in course of conversation the prisoner alluded to the ill-treatment she (Phillips) had received from her husband, and that she (prisoner) would not have lived with her husband if he had treated her in the same way. She added that she ought to do what she bed done, make him up a pie of sheep's liver, lights, &c., and that if she brought it down to her (prisoner) she would season it for her. Mrs. Phillips made some additions to her testimony with reference to the arsenic being hidden under the tub, and the secrecy the prisoner enjoined upon her. These with other new facts were submitted to Sir G. Grey, the Secretary of State, with a view of as certaining from the law officers of the Crown their opinion as to the best course to pursue in the matter, more especially in suppressing the abominable sys tem. The whole of the evidence was laid before the Attorney and Solicitor-Generals, who expressed an opinion that sufficient had transpired to warrant a re-investigation at least of the last case. Accordingly the magistrates acted, and a warrant was placed in the hands of Mr. Clarke, the superintendent, and on Monday evening the prisoner was arrested at her cottage in Clavering, and conveyed to the gaol of this town, and being of a methodistical turn of mind, as she states, she immediately repaired to the Bible. Whc , n before the magistrates, and more particu larly while the woman Phillips was giving her addi tional evidence, she exhibited much uneasiness. On the witness concluding her testimony, the prisoner said that she could tell the truth as well as Mrs Phillips, and the fact was she (Mrs. Phillips) had ap. plied to her for a poisoned pill. She asserted her in nocence of having caused her husband's death. Mr. Superintendent Clarke, and Mr. IVellings, re lieving overseer, having repeated what they adduced at the coroner's inquiry, and some other facts bearing upon the case, the bench remanded the prisoner for the purpose of enabling the police to procure the at tendance of other important witnesses. CONDITION OF YOUNG MEN ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL PURSUITS PRACTICALLY CONSIDERED. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sra,--The condition of young men is a subject, the importance of which will always be felt in a country in proportion as that country obtains correct views of the sourcss of its strength, end of the methods by which to secure its advancement ard happiness.'" Catiline saw the influence which might be exercised through the instrumentality of youn g men, and see ing it, soug h t to corrupt them, with a view to the overthrow of the liberties of Rome. Judging from the utterly neglected state in which the great MVPs of our commercial youth were al lowed to continue till within the last few years, it would appear that the leaders of public opinion in this kingdom were far less shrewd than Cetiline. Of late, however, a great change has taken place. Think ing men, of all classes, at length have begun to per ceive that it is not only an unchristian thing and a cruel thing for young men and young women to be overworked, as they are, in our shops and workrooms, but that it is also an exceedingly impolitic thing in a national point of view; such overwork having been proved to exercise the most baneful influence—morally and physically—on the tens of thousands of persons who have to undergo it,f and through them, more or less, on society at large.; It is true, there are some persons e ven i n thi s, the middle of the nineteenth century, who, trampling under foot first principles, still assert that young men would only abuse their liberty if they possessed it, and that therefore it should be withheld from them. Bat these individuals are so comparatively few, and so obviously in the wrong, that I will not now stop to do more than merely caution them against the jeopardy into which, by the preaching of such a doctrine, they place them ! selves; for, I presume, if the argument, that because a portion of a class of persons would abuse their liberty the entire class should be deprived of it, apply to shopmen, it is also applicable to all other classes of the community—and if so, then of necessity to the sections to which these individuals respectively be long; and, as there was never yet known any section of society, the whole of the members of which were immaculate, these gentlemen are entrapped by their own philosophy —they have themselves, upon their own showing, plainly no right to be at large. I have already said that thinking men have begun to perceive that the late-hour system is not less widely spread than disastrous ; and that they are, consequently, desirous for its abolition. This is all well, so far as it goes ; but the mere perception of a truth is only valuable so far as it leads to the carry ing out of the principles whic:i it involves ; and it is much to be lamented that, in the present case, the discovery specified has not, to the extent that could have been desired, produced this practical result. No doubt a great change for the better has taken place within the last few years, in reference to "closing." The very existence of such excellent societies as the " Young Men's Christian Association," the " Church of Eng!and Young Men's Society," and the " Even ing Classes for Young Men," go far to prove this ; inasmuch as, prior to the establishment of the Early Closing Association it was simply impossible for as sistants, excepting on Sundays, to avail themselves of such provisions for their improvement.§ But great as is the change for the better which is thus made apparent, it sinks into insignificance when compared with what remains to be accomplished ere business can be said to be restricted within reasonable and proper limits. This never can with truth be asserted to be the case till, at. the latest, seven o'clock for winter, and sight o'clock for summer, are generally , adopted as the hours for closing. And if the ques tion be only taken up with an amount of spirit at all commensurate with its importance—with that zeal, in fact, which is often employed (and properly) on objects connected with foreign countries, there is no conceivable reason why —commencing the reforma tion at once—closing this winter at seven o'clock should not be as general as heretofore it has been rare. All persons may, more or less, assist in bring ing about this desirable consummation. Much good may be done by those benevolent and enlightened shopkeepers who are desirous to see early closing carried out, canvassing their respective localities, with a view to the achievement of that object. Assistants, too, haVe a vast amount of power in their own hands. By theirstudying how most to promote the interests of their employers whilst in business and by exert ing themselves unceasingly,. after its suspension, to secure their emancipation, they will give the best of all proofs that they both desire and deserve it ; and they will furthermore, by FO acting, create an influence in their favour which must ultimately prove irresistible. For a time the move ment will, doubtless, continue to be o pp ose d in some distri c t s , both of the country and metro polisdi in all cases, where argument and persuasion prove insufficient to overcome such opposition, an ap peal must be made to that more formidable power— public opinion. Effectually to secure the aid of this power, the pulpit and the press—those mighty levers, without the aid of one or other of which few good, and still fewer great, changes have been wrought in this country—must be brought into active operation. The service already rendered the early-closing cause by those two all-powerful agencies proves the abun dance of desire and ability to assist us which exist in both those quarters. Impressed, therefore, with a conviction of the holi. ness of our cause, and of its paramount national im portance, and encouraged by the past, we would, through you, Sir, earnestly, and confidently, but respectfully, call upon ministers of religion and gen tlemen of the press to do their utmost, where neces sary, to arouse the public to a due sense of their duty in the matter. By observing the following rules, heads of families would materially contribute towards the accomplishment of the object under review : First, by abstaining from evening shopping them selves, and causing others to do so , espec i a ll y i n the case of their servants; and, Secondly, by patronising, as far as possible, those tradesmen who close early.ll - so acting they will protect those who deserve it, an convince every one of the unprofitableness of late trading. Sir, I do trust that early closing will no longer be spoken of as merely desirable, but that by means cf all persons who have hearts to do good, thus lend ing their aid according to their respective stations and opportunities, it will soon become a practical, tangible thing. In proportion as this is the case, shall we find the members of our various religious and literary so cieties increasing in number. This will necessarily result in the moral elevation of our young men; their physical powers (under the more healthy system) may also be expected to increase in the same ratio ; and with their minds and bodies thus strengthened and improved, who can doubt that they would soon become not merely more efficient salesmen, and in all points, more valuable assistants, but also, under God, active instruments in the great work of national re generation ? " Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might," is a scriptural command. That this divine injunction may be speedily acted upon by the advo , cates of early closing, and that their number may be increased a hundred-fold, is the heartfelt desire, Sir, of your obedient and obliged servant, JOHN LIL WALL, Sec. of the Early Closing Association. Offices, 32, Ludgate- hill, Sept. 3, 1850. * "For it is obvious that the mass of the young— look but a few years forward—is society. Those who are now amongst us constitute the future population cf this earth. . . What they aro or what they become, the age must be when their immediate predecessors sleep with their fathers."—Prize Essay, Our Young Men, by Dr. Cox, p. 238. t "1 find, from papers lying at Somerset House, that a thousand lives are annually sacrificed in the metropolis alone by the late-hour system, and that the health of at least eight times that number is made to suffer from the same cause."—H orn a Speech by Dr. E. Lankester, delivered at a Meeting of the Early Closing Association in 1849. "By contival confinement to the shop, ycung men are made incapable of intellectual improvement; they are excluded from social intercourse, and are thus often driven into that course which is destruction to their bodies and ruin to their souls."—Front a Speech delivered by the Bishop of Oxford, at a Meeting of the Early Closing As.,ociation in 1848. t To show the bcaring of the Early Closing Move ment upon the welfare of the nation, it is sufficient to mention that it is estimated acre are engaged in busi ness in London alone upwards of a hundred thousand young persons, the chief portion of whom are, more or less, the victims of the late hour system. § " I am thankful to know of the existence of institu tions, that by the blessing of God upon them shall help, and lead, and guide the minds of our young men; and I know enough of the operations of these institutions to be satisfied that they are gathering into their fold very many who, but for the operations of the Early Closing Association, would have been altogether destitute of the privileges which they now enjoy."—Froin a Speech by the Rev. George Fisk, LL.B., Minister of Christ Church, Malua-hid. 11 If an account were taken of the business done in the several retail shops in the United Kingdom, after a given hour in the evening—Say six o'clock—and if the profits of such business were compared with the ex penses which attend its transaction, it is believed it would, in most cases, prove to be a source of positive pecuuiary loss to tradesmen, and had therefore better to sacrificed than cultivated; but, when it is remembered that such business would not be sacrificed if shops closed at an early hour, the folly of continuing the late-hour system becomes still more palpable. " When you see a trader close at seven, note that man, and, it possible, have your dealings with him : he is a public benefactor, and entitled to support."—Front a Screw s 1)/1 re Rev. Jameg Hamiton, if the .Scotch divisinLs. . MARK'S COLLEGE.--eullsiderable prcgt es has been made with the new buildings at St. Mark's College. The roof is on, and it is expected that the whole of the works Till 14 c9InP I9 OC I 41 time fu oreA.thg A quiglias. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. We announced yesterday the cordial reception with which the order referring to the admission of assistant surgeons into the ward-room was received by the officers of the comm( dore'd ship, in the Tagus; but we regret to observe, that in several of the ships now fitting out in the home ports a very different feelieg has pre vailed, and in ono we hear the captain has xpressed himself very strongly on the subject, and has even de clared, that rather than allow an assistant-surgeon to have a cebin he will devote it to the youngest midship man. We trust this will not be passed over by the Lords of the Admiralty, particularly as we hear that on board the Fox and the Dragon the assistant-surgeon is still doomed to vegetate in his steerage and cockpit hammock. We conceive that this subject has been too lightly dealt %Sidi. Surely Sir Francis Baring is too experi ercsd a man cf business to allow a resolution of the House of Commone, and the petitions of more than a hundred of the most distinguished bodies in the United Kingdom, to be lightly passed over.—herald. PORTSMOUTH, THURSDAY.—The Dutch frigate Prince Hendrick, from the Texel for Batavia, passed the Bight this morning. The Termagant steam-frigate, 24, la; been removed from the basin to-day, and taken to the moorings lately occupied by the Illustrious, 72, ordinary derot ship, the Illustrious being removed alongside the Britannia, 120, to turn her officers and ship's company over to her. The Apollo troop-ship, Commander Rawstorne, is being re-copfered. A Lumber of additional scuttles have been cut in the sides of this ship, which has much improved the ventilation. Iron bedsteads will also be provided for the troops. The Blenheim, 60, screw guard-ship, Captain lien derscn, C. 8.; the F ox , 42, Commodore Lambert; the Thetis, 38, Captain Cupar; and the Dragon steam frigate, Captain Giffard, remain at Spithead. PreratouTn, THURSDAY.—IIes Majesty's steam-vessel Flamer arrived on Tuesday from Portsmouth. She went into the Sound yesterday, and will be paid wages to day and sail for the coast of Africa. The Fearless steamer arrived on Tuesday from Porta. month, with seamen gunners for the Portland frigate, and returned the same day. The brigantine Pandora will be placed in the stern• dock on Monday, for examination and repair previous to being commissioned. The Plymouth yacht having been lengthened and re paired will be launched on Saturday, the 7th inst. The me rc h ant -steamer Brunswick, of Ply-mouth, Cap tain Thomas Russell, in making her accustomed pas sage from Guernsey to Torquay on Wednesday morn ing, the 4th inst., about half-past oee o'clock, it being very dark, u nfortunately ran down a boat hailing from Brixham, which was drifting for pilchards. Two men, aged 60 and 65, sun k w i t h t h e h eat; the third, 22, son boat, which w as promptly ot one of those d rowne d , was saved by the Brunswick's lowered and manned; he was landed at Torquay. It is stat e d th at t h e fi sh i ng- b oat had n o li g h t. Captain Washington, R N., surveyor of harbours, has been on an official visit of inquiry- in this locality during the present week. P EMBROKE, SEPT. s.—The target practice of th e Artillery Companies of the Royal dockyard battalion has been resumed, and the precision and correctness shown by the men in their various trials prove that they now en. form a very Efficient and we ll-di sc i p li ne d b o d y of m The boat brigade of the corps is likewise in a high state of efficiency. The appearance of the battalion at the late review and inspection by Sir T. S. Pasley, Bart., was most creditable, and the precision and regularity with which the various manoeuvres were performed elicited the warmest praise from several experienced military officers who were present. The following is a list of the evolutions, and it will be seen that to execute them with anythin g lik e precision a considerable know. ledge of mili tary tactics is requisite:— rear 1. From the right of c ompan i es pass by files to the , and wheel into li ne, fi re by companies from right to left. 2. Advance in line, and from the right of companies pass by files to the front, equate on the leading division, fire from the right of faces, resist cavalry, re-form round columnthe, adcentre.vance, and et: muter - march by sub di v i s i ons 3. Deploy on the centre company, fire from centres to flanks. 4. Change front obliquely to the left on the No. 8, right thrown forward, fire from left to right. 5. Change position obliquely to the left on No. 3, left thrown back, wheel into line, and fire from centre to fisnks. 6. Square en the .two centre F:nblivisions, fire from he right a#' faer, rt,sldt cavalry, r ui d, s fi7ne, 1-e -r4ca atili Lire E:. tiles trona gl 7. Form ciosE 0,,1ua,1i on No. I, ;:ght lufroue, hth , L;liee and whe,l t.) the lett. 8. Deploy on centre company, fire by files from the inward Hanka of companies. 9. The line retired, halted, advanced in column of di visions from the left, wheeled into line, fired a volley, advanced and charged, advanced in review order, end irg with a general salute. - 111 r. Robinson, who has been appointed surgeon to the guard-ship Saturn, accompanied Sir John Ross in that officer's late expedition to the Arctic regions in search of Sir John Franklin and his companions. This ap pointment has hzea made to avoid the necessity of en gaging private practitioners to attend the dockyard. '0 COME. :3IBER. Dover Walsall Doncaster Breconshire lB Richmond .... ....... Basing: Coke 23 Uttoxeter. 23 Kelso Bedford Sandbach , 24 Lelntivarediue Manchester Autumn 26 Cirencester Scarborough 13ER. Royal Caledonian, &c. 9 Newmkt. Second Oct 14 Wrexham Hereford 24 I Newmarket Houghton 2B :MBER. I Liverpool :S TO COME. Curragh ... Oct l5 Lucan Autumn Down Royal Corp 23 Tramore Not fixed. RACES T SEPTE Barnet 6 Bungay Axbridge 8 Lichfield 9 Radcliffe Werneth Low 9 Cheadle (St4ffordshire) 9 Bromley (Kent) lO Marlborough Leicester ll Liverpool H. (I.loy lake) 11 Totnes... Lynn Abingdon ......... . Newmkt. Fi rs t October. CCT 1 Chesterfield Monmouth Chester Autumn Upon-on-Severn Epsom HOVE. IRISH RAC Curragh Sept 3 Roscommon Nlallow Johnstown 23 CRICKET. SHEFFIELD v. ALL ENGLAND. This n etch wag played at the Hyde park, Sheffild, on the 2'i, 3d, and 4th inst. The score at the close of the game yesterday was as follows: SHEFFIELD. First Innings. Second Innings. Hunt, c Hoare, b Martingell 42 b Martingell ...... .. .. 26 M. J. Ellison, Esq., b Wisden 11 c Hoare, b Martingell 3 Coates, c Pilch, b Clarke 29 c Hillyer, b Clarke ... 13 B. Wake, Esq , c Felix, b Martingell... Wright, s Box, b Martingell 12 b Wisden.. .. 32 Sampson, b Martingell Dakin, c Guy, b Clarke T. R. barke r , Esq., b Clarke 0 c Felix, b Wisden ...... 5 Cbatterton ' b Clarke ...... Crcokes, b Martingell ... R. F. Skelton, Esq., b Clarke 0 c and b Martingell / Gibson, b Clarke E. C. Kay. Esq , b Clarke ... 3 b Martinge 1 Gillott, c Hillyer, b Clarke ... 0 not out ....... ... ... 1 Osborn, not out Byes 2, 1 b 7 Total 104 Total 129 ALL ENGLAND. First Innings. Hillyer, b Wright Wisden ' b Hunt Parr, b Hunt Pilch, c Wright, b Hunt l2 Box, c Sampson, b Hunt N. Felix, Esq., c Sampson, b Hunt C. 11. Hoare, Esq., c Gillott, b Wright ... Guy, c Sarups )n, b .kelton 2 b Wright Martingell, c Wright, b Hunt 9 not out lB A. Mynn, Esq , c Crookes, b Wright Clarke, not out 2 b Skelton By(s 11, 1b 4, wide 2 l7 83,1 b 2, wide 4..... 9 Total 150 Total B4 Second Innings. not out ......... ....•• 1 b Wright • •.. 26 c Gillott, b Barker...... 1 run out ....... ...... 15 THE CALEDONIAN ASYLUM. Yesterday afternoon a quarterly general court of the subscribers to this institutii. n was held at the Free masons' Tavern, Sir J. Heron Maxwell, Bart., presiding. More than usual interest was excited in consequence of a notice of motion which had been given at the last qua: telly court by Mr. W. S. Campbell, which it was fully anticipated would revive the discussion between the Free Church party and those who still retain connexion with the Established Church cf Scot land. The children, it appeare, have been directed to tett nel the chaeels of each division into which the church is split, according to the decisions of accidental ma jorities at quarterly courts. Mr. Campbell's notice was that he would propose that on and after a certain day to be named the children should be directed to be taken to the Free Church in Regent-square. Both parties muitered in considerable force, but when Sir John Maxwell called upon Mr. Campbell to bring on bis motion he was not present, and the whole matter teq to the ground. The Rev. Dr. Cumming denouceed as most injurious to the charity the course which had been adopted, and contended that the chapel at Holloway was in all resFects the best for the children to attend. The secretary tread the minutes of the di rectors' meetings. They stated that since the last quarterly court six boys and one girl had left the asylum. There were lour candidates from the last list whose votes would be carried forward to the next elec tion, and seven new applications for admission. Sir J. EL Maxwell was appointed treasurer in the room of Captain Lambert, and Sir George Clarke was elected a director in the place of Mr. Macgregor, who had re signed. Some routine business was disposed of, and the meeting separated. .FETING OF ALIDD.L.ES.EX MA GIS TIM TES. Yesterday was appointed for the holding of a meeting of the magistrates of the county of Middlesex, at the Ses sions house, Clerken well, to transact general county business, comprising the reception and consideration of reports from committees, the ordering of payments by tie treasurer, the consideration of motions arising out of tho report of the committee on the county expenditure, &c. At the usual hour, twelve o'clock, Mr. Pownall, the chairman of the bench, took his seat, when five other magistrates only appeared on the bench. As the pre sence of twelve is indispensable to constitute a court on a " county day," the court was not opened, and after waiting half an hour, the limit prescribed by the standing orders, but one other magistrate entered the court, and the consequence was tt at at half-past twelve the chairman announced that no business would be proceeded with, and the consideration of the business in the parer was Postponed for a fortnight. The magis trates present wers—the Chairman, Mr. Retch, Mr. Was, Mr. Antrobus, Mr. Russell, Mr. Arthur Smith, and Mr. Bluck. The four firs.-mentioned attended in official capacities; Mr. Retch, Mr. Was, and Mr. An trobus representing committees, and it was suggested, jocularly, by a magistrate present, that the names of the " non-atlicial" magistrates in attendance, should be "emblazoned" on the walls of,the hall; the fact of their attenzlanco that day, when, owing to some unaccount able influence, there was such a scarcity of other " nor,- °bleier magistrates, being deserving of more than ordi nary mention. On Friday last, the court had to be ad journed because neither witnesses nor defendants were in attendance; yesterday a like course had to be adopted, and the public business postponed on account of the non attendance of magistrates. NOVA MOTIVE.—At the Royal Polytechnic Insti tution a new mode of propulsion is now being demonstrated, which, under this title, consists of a series of carriages, car rying under them their own motor, in the form of a tube, which is flexible and air-tight. This tube has a series of slide valves, entirely under the care of a guard, who, by levers, has perfect control over his train. The application, which is very ingenious, and is the invention of a mechanic named Weston, who has patented it, is as follows :—Along the whole line of railway is fixed a pipe of any given dia meter, in connexion with which a series of pistons are fixed between the rails, intended to receive the tube above men tioned in its rasssge. In these pistons are valves opening into the fixed pipe, which is always kept exhausted, so that when the train passes over the pistons the slide valves in the tube are opened by means of inclined planes communicating with levers, which levers are raised up in passing over them, the atmosphere then rushes through the tube to supply the vacuum, and the train is propelled. There are so many points in this invention that our space will not admit of a more detailed account of it, but as it is demonstrated daily at the Polytechnic Institution, and exhibited on a large working scale there, those interested in these matters can be informed fully by the inventor himself, who attends the model for that purpose. The invention, as we have before said, is by Mr. Weston, who, with several other practical mechanics (formed into a society called the " Inventors' Protection Society") has executed the above illustration, by which the inventor states an immense saving would be ac complished. COUNT KIELMANSEGGE.—We regret to learn that continued illness has led to the departure from this country of his Excellency the Hanoverian Minister, who left the Hanoverian Legation a few days since, accompanied by Count Charles and George Kielmansegge, his brothers. ACCIDENT TO THE DIVING BELL AT BLACK.- FRIARS - AMDGE.—Yesterday (Thursday) morning, about 9 o'clock, an accident happened to the diving-bell-barge, by which the lives of the divers were placed in danger. It ap pears that at the time mentioned the divers were down in the bell for the purpose of examining the foundation of the bridge, when a barge, which was on her way up the river, heavily laden with coal belonging to Mr. Eaton, of Brent• ford, came in contact with the south-east pier of the feurth arch with such violence, that, in swinging round, her stern came in contact with the barge to which the diving-bell was attached, and so violent was the collision that it shook all on board, driving the barge away from its moorings through the arch. The men superintending the working of the bell, fearing that the lives of the divers were in danger, im mediately drew up the bell;with all possible speed; the divers fortunately wore found to be perfectly safe. The coal-barge, however, was taken in tow by the Locomotive steam-boat, and the barge being brought to her moorings, the bell was again sunk. SALE OF LANDS IN ATESIIIRE.—At a sale of lands in Ayrshire, which took place in Messrs. Cav and Black's sale-rooms, George-street, Edinburgh, on Friday, out of fourteen different Tuts, the following nine lots were sold:—. A small piece of land, and cottage anu garden, at Low Bridge of Doon, was ex post(' at the upset price of 160/, and sold for 2451. The lands of Corryllostock, in the parish of Maybole —upset price, 702/. 14s. 71c1.—sold for 762/. 14s. 7J. A small piece of land and cottage at Alloway Bridge of Doon —upset price 1501., sold for 4151. This lot was bought by Mr. Auld, of Doonbrae, who as the custodier of Burns' Mo nument, has done so much to improve and adorn that classic locality. This purchase will enable him still further t o or nament the grounds adjacent to the poet's monument. The lands of Corsehill and Loanfoot, in the parish of Covlton, upset price 1,4.29/. 2s. '2d., sold for 1,6091. 2s. 2d. Th e - lands of Vett , ch, in the of Giyhon, sold at the upset p - ice of 1,11;3/. 1. s. 91. Lids of 1-Mtuil% in the same at the ui;sei price of 1,411/. Bs. 1I d. The ',lids of 111iijudn aed Glen&ennet. in lie palish o f B arr , so ld at t h e upset price of 5,31•21. 16s. lid. The lands of Knecknerran and Lanes, in the parish of Dailly, sold at the upset price of 6,8461. ls. Id. The lands of Cahoole, in the parish of Kirk raichael; upset price 0451, Ns. 4d., 4old for 4704 154. id. ) .1 ti.