The Sun. — London, England, 1850-09-06 00:00:00

______, 1 :1, ()/V- ST it; --:-------------. i, 4 A01,, —E I .--(TIIIS DAY.) Ar t 'Natty c . ii, t ,, , i ile t t „ „ -AsE David Carr, a man of a,4"lllferta:_dir. John Duhaine, a gewlamen of inde• lay l'iza:srtaiding (Rhea in laondan) at Evan's ta rt ;ltl . r, ii,n(-';i:Qfti,-artlen, was pla!rd at . the bar t 4 th..... er .), aargea under the fallowing most ,hto'rrl)_l, ctunstances :- 1 4t Nth e sho"ud stated that the prisoner, last evening. , h f t J P c ' f , Mr. Sayer pawnbroke- in Brydet s i i kla ,ur i ta ,„ . ! t - 1 ab , Pad". n.e silver salvers, tied offered :14ea at ( 7 ale asked 3d!. for them, which would , pie jotinzoleht on them, had riot A.I , rt. Sayer had , ,"bout who l it thf M. lie closely qe. stioned the il,lltarto.„ °se property it was hut not receiving 11 1; illi.e.tY, ate ' r u e ll au lt t rt ,..s7er, he toll him ' the at ' t he tit lie vt :I a,, , ,1 1 free, then't!, upon which the prisoner tooa ) 4 ioil, counter and darted off with them ..,_7tiata,,,_",nd ovei takea undt r the Pkez i. He 4,, , ,,a al hi r s o Ito the station. He told aho and what sNI `hills ! natter ah tta e le st , a ottly of er wards arrived. Ile 1 1 % 41 te li ,e had 11,?va.,.c..liarit..ctei 3, and as ...• proof of the !ibal 'lt valu ed ,)* tail him, he made him a present „,, lit ha il a bout 30 zuineas, ten d lye ago. He 'ea t i ti tbe ja„. 4 fr , M a child, having b tught him as Pis a 4 not le C 4 State 3. Tile. - was his, hut 1 , , ' e t, a l h ' l)s tlt for its beingproperty . , ,:i," I e ib„0,,,, in the hands of th., szolet,heiii,,,,d t h at ho had locked it . ? . tll up six . weeks t l ' lr tid, ~, 0 . had no mister motive in l i a ` , g lee, ti o prisoLer was then locked up f , r ki t ; had 4,,„ turningper it wyr discovered that Mr. o r ' . ~the ra'i's!R Alnerice at eight o'clock, having t ai s t !ette y rj , * r te of the prisoner. ass, gelatin a :kh it was a most (xtraordi li(44," t was no proof of the prisoner's lb, Ned. toethe diaposal of the plate he must ‘ l 'ilitq ,Ueer. ltd, also t h n ft,ltell for the ffd on property Jun k Yl ' 6 P i kte, its he would join his master in a r, 4 'ol,ll l 4 atih r w 4 e, 1 , 6 41 1 i s t . O to:k ti e l d a make E 0 order. The prisoner astoo e n aPplictriOn in the usual way to rs of Police. Wn llA'' S' rVi ' a e ,, „era a l aoi - r. ID „ "4' q aYea ''' . I z 4 it.—( T iIIS DAY.) 1 4 'lm o , • am Gp ' 'X .4lng Arge Slwens, two labourer,, 4 stei ae • Placed et 4 little tton, c h ar e the bar before Mr. Burrell, Ittr, t sa wed g d, with others not in custody, t i , thud, death of George Fox, a fish el •IRar t a IN, s from fish the e ttli r ett erto 0 evidence that at about five on LIM la P l ice, /1,. 31 ',./'OX was returning home to tea in nliit i 414t1 'lnns°, when Stev, n - 's by accident . tPoz hr s 100 !tlh t , i, its ah,,,re t•tgainst his legs. Upon its 011, 1 is alio, Stev ens daprtto l , be took the hoop up ;'0101d„" did o , , with a disgusting epithet, ,ta d ,4 !:teli hi s h' lratnediately put the hoop down INtbelvlthoot _ore - Pox -replied 11. could do the a l t er I;l°phal li ado they fill to fighting. The .kg, 11 :; bet wh t ' o t e w as, who is out upon bail tors s Otedi .N t ° her a? not placed at the bar this k t. to ttia ktly 0... being very ill, received a blow, knital ,othera 'rwards the two male defendants 04 , I % do _ fell u pon Fox altogether. They `4, t ' he th eit ewonatoyer the shaft of a cart, lifted him ' de tatted Man def endinghimself with sah tottilitrksee.eallhe their Cowardly attack upon yh; hi ta a it hiva prisoncr Robert Hayes a', sd er i a attd ibis nyon the ground, falling k t ,,lat ella ‘ i?.? ear. Tk he followed up by a heavy 40, ~ :" 1 °) vtheil he oklect Of their violence be zliltipe iti f . h e one of the defendants brutally 'l , 'ehi lk ag a i ~ is only faint, del,,, elle e aa , n a when he gets up _rswe, ..ectio. the P N e 'e y 0 Ras n ot bk. female prisoner, who, as li 41( %tract tuts morning placed at the bar, L 1 1 1 , 4 04 j et lotory. When NI of t 0 eus tod "on the male defendants via till ted th e Y they said " that they wished the ent. poor man at the : (i h r d tli th e t i t e . l! :l o ' s i p - e b : le e 7l------ to l ) : 1 1 0 f t h iv e ° p r t :: e c the B division said that he I!it:N. ,et y o „. !ftes'it yospital this morning, and he F:.ll l7 ( l avio g li had tiled that morning at half-past (1 14 4 .1. a s i t e 4 sensible . at , i,,_ ,Ittal re d if the coroer had been commu top,h4Petor s answered ins he affirmative. NI "era I clEestei I,to In had I remand until the result of I,lb' Pri, b een made known, which was , , i t -44 4 v c_ 4 4 _ [hik ed i ,. kt lth 4 . said ~"hey might be admitted to bail? le ' ttod Lie would take bail, themselves in The t "o Sur - b ait _ ehes of 501. each, to answer the I was put in. ti i ttiq 11, a tts' c '......... "'"••••••,.......„., l li tt 4 eli (311111 '•"--Th • ir lat. ort vaeat . .e next sitting day of this k i he at ion, is appointed for Thursday next N!.l, 414 i A s t ; 18t N , , 0 ? tu rr . loto,A th e t ek o s mill -Ea IN BOGS NEAR BALLY - 0 4 4; t ki , Parish o f Bella farmer, named James Young, Oties'tkie,' PerkmottgaghY, on the estate of John ty rs aiT s " keg of ! d ug up out of a bog in a bich l,,t.,teti, whi r l •d co. Le r pa a state of remarkable pre ‘tltcr't ge be n r llst th e C ut f ° 'lng the keg itself was coin `.4.ll4l°N 14'4 aPPearanter -about 6 01b5.--w in taste, asp 'N the a e louth. ceaa.as though it had . not been Ov , a t il' ,, , fi , raj a ;interThe in the. neighbourhood `to,' a ti, F troubl e Leh! the belief that it was h ero li ati et a was fu some. times of '9B" A few days t to The stye, and In Fenagh Bog, about four t th.tioaegt,ermpeitesit,a_sotroonf.ill7B _est.ate of the E ,r 1 of Mount iN %k it few i nch 4 farmer named Moses Paul, tisacf teat_ °llfter 'wan li s a t e , had hee es unde cutting forcesurfa of a section Wider NA 1 1 ,0: e ;and sa! quite grey jet in appearance, and INof, th, , s :a . t u titi i e ".. It had evidently been under osi er te ci .,` ; ) .. of years. The firkin too, is not k l ii. ng li lt 1 , eerneu.sTary use. It seetns to ' have been ?li t h tj c :,the e i tt uL T V on the outside, and is in shape O a st 4 ( .., lid or fa:t;lnan amphora. Teis, we under kiwsii Z‘z4;4 fn und in the per of a similar description t i 'llta a kve a F r , en agh Bog. h„ 4 I Q C, 3 '' by of LETTEELLS ; on THE P: 'Oh, ,‘" Of H o e author of " Shaksoere and his j, az e , lid tea , ho ur," &c. is l'‘,'lla ~'sticie E. he had at all taepu.blll.ea this day now kPe,, 4 1 . 11 8, t ! .. , y an s . ate,e. libraries. Also n t u 4 V i u Ad o '!I --4 . / 7 _nl , 1 saorth. -3. Our Count 3, i i j, ye da aw e La _ ,ettiecat Government, by Mrs. TO( aby liatn•6. 717(13.r, edited by the author of ~,„,40.,„. sb eltoa The travellers; or, Mornings at 041t4d bark r, s ill _ .ackenzie, D.C.L.-7. Story of a 4iPt s,,,nea s, l'lntl Sorrow. Also just ready :-1. 1, "nory , ',e of N a p' Alp. Catherine Crowe author o u3* Jek es u lit ' etc. --2. Singleton' Fontenoyf re tie k tte s ea t , ar la3', Esq., late of her Majesty'' , 1 4 la bkr ra y 4, 4ttieLble e L'ZI.N.,. alltilkh()`lita th nONT tt , "L Or LETTERS AND NEwS '4l°4 the et. , ere • - 11 l consequence of the excellent 4 11 11 : , 11 1 „ 11 , *I I: tatt ed „,..tnade by the different postmasters a l 0 tleiisA canie'.'mßdotri to carry into effect the new torkt!pN'tY of i Into ope r ation on Sunday last, for . a kill r g r etters newspapers before church t s , ot th„9at thi, is , a i ,i t Lea t , a s iabeh; as ac complished to the greatest I l e aa tke t a r lett "nts in devery distri t According Q k} , cl o oi t; t4erei47, L. eeteirss sretsceive from Livercpo.ol,-Birming a ,ata,„ (iti ea ' "'Mold, York, Carlisle, and the li'ltttils)lo, th us tin e A', the, deliveries wre generally ' com 4,:tka te a l 3 afee at e t o ) ck , , or ten at the latest, without l eall a t_ t eed a _ y g trio letter carriers the remainder (1 , , ,1 , ,Na tid an' place of worship they might think OR 7 1 10cb,,,"(1 Wales there aro upwards of 335 Vl, NI l. WL . ng th ~ ii, i t t , rm e ,, ith has a , ose of the London district deli i,,CPearn wh e , .iready heen given), besides Scot- L 11441 ease Tht7B.t.ne, same regularity in the deliveries oii'lere„regia,!(Seada N% ho were so strongly in favour of l real tie o, 4 3 deliver ~and so imorous.against l lie W °3 a "a th re not the ' It' -ci f a i l --e p, lust to give credit to the , et te v e . ostmaster General for the ch . ange I l t lite re • arried out on Sunday last in the delivery ot a elan tt 'ea %- , h t lilt 41 0 e t/vs •,I,lallagri hot li d few days since, while t i clit to ahe Old Gas Corn an • were putting hes t 'et e neath P 111 Candle • P . 3 theyf It l' le sed th e , riggs- - street} k i A a 1 ,. a le tt Pm Pavement containing one yard of 001 at, .Ca ter addressed to Mr. William Scott, e t 4 a.kee _ and th.,'"gga-street. The letter was dated t t o tki toaere Pattie seal was unbroken. Strange to say, 8. kek,,ller a ti ' l ag the pipe into the very shop of the t,k,,,,k111144 shee t teuutiouleiter Was addressed. How either itea Na b Ile r, s way into the nest is a mystery. ,4 6 , N or °4 or Lobbing -..... k v 41 4111 . 4 4; Lobbing warehousemen, plundering the im titiii_ la. th e Li Just come to light through the in tl Oa ',' the' delieere,YerPool police. The plan is, that on 10b too t h altek at from the ship, a plus weight is con e' e l , , e 6, V kited i 11 t igh t e lk ih ~,.e n the weighing scale as a courittat li,,Nted '4 l, la e b ta Ll 4 the grain is contained. Thus OaNreht'Vwa„ the ' ct in each sack of merchandise Vllo4 e l , ea ao house en grain is thrown into bulk, the e t ‘teh e „Mbe a of ' la enabled to abstract by calcula te:lk tl!l)ls7ed hi s B,,ae,ks, leaving the merchant to whom calcula te, 4 11 a.„, th e ~'ll,l weight of commodity, but of i', l tt""er e 'elt tw o "Peer to the amount abstracted. oippe‘litiketi_breti.t.vratehousemen in the service of Covas pti l e (l,ota re i l :", aehtt'L before the magistrates for this dis !re% b ee „ Nee i e t a ., lB ° a Man n d Blackburne, who th i t ; , ea ti g t d epo i' froed_ erick-straeat named which, it has trans- . 40. `tel, `aei ......t Merchandise obtained by this and voktr.trettt . Black6urn Standat d. t Il:‘, a ,„' Aim (`her bo c lia l q thl Jets' Plibli e "I.g, dated the 31st, says that theOrit , I t , tig ti‘ vehicles bring every day crowds of caslr_lley eteleth are a great number from Jersey. 1,, i. r,„ea te at ad to lner, the Superb, arrived, it went tilitthli',l,ll,ti„aus salut e show the fleeterb, to the passengers, but lit,,b4 hilt `,. A ~,_lue stationary vessel, as required by ita t kei_oe tooteol wa.! fired to remind the captain .30 l, t, ' Wei t '. co ta „' no notice• Thereupon the boats of h. to. ~.pe tt_ ‘ !na tide , , y a. . atilt ' ll e e ,"le 1 ) 'lt th e a " n Lieut. Picard and his officers, it lit kit' leilte, "UPerb just as it was about to enter ft , :ett e ' 4 4 fa et ' o n t t 4, crair`iit., demanded explanations, and the Ci,l'tetb, (4 4 4 3 :. t tlite tter n't ~, immediately gave them in the bt Galt Ith ' B ' Peev e ' . This, joined to the courtesy of te pt. sk i o tat,.. e_§ a perk nted the commander of the roadstead 0 1,'17'OR :' , 444, 'ii.o quarantine in the middle of the t t ,71 51 ,p0 v , vi the which would have been anything I,,,,,,•rettllttaleht l'auenger T ' ' • 4'tan'' , et• i als altio n s• his incident caused a It 'I i't t oe the 4' g the pevons on the quays. tt4 ' ' , 6t IC t he r " U Perb had ' L 3 , ~ th vo 3p ee ._ ag t d ati __ , .t endeavoured to s' t t , l k ti t,L lt l it tto ra `7 l 4ie t , on ' a u g 3 e it must needs have on s e by waylm enteroin some it h : ki,,,hel he gap eue r „ ll , 4l ne of Le dru - aolr ome and i'mmedi tel3,tt e a 4 :r o l it' r rt n,Ter u i 3 e, rtehpeorted. that h i e n' was really on tOh'bo Gee la i nie 3 ~,,_ .police, the usoms officers, 140 t t ape ray Oi l of ever re immediately con! foot, and a ha eaeht ''''orY Passenger Fortu- I L al 'rig s O sei, bled the was made. , 1 1.1 4 0 k tri ct eti by t,c e lebrated exile, or he would at 11, 4. oat biro led ne collar and marched off to gaol, Olh tell le a 4ftee all alon ' iNkh, to (1 , 4 s netta, After .g the coast to keep up a taet:stittha,sitt hoaratheit became certain that Le te passengers were \'fi Ith e ' l Por t ; 4 ' ti'lt he VliN , , lati te .„ n a scrupulous examination of , e), :p a „ wel l 's.was Made. The inhabitants of tti!aAttae . 944,iii_r:Wceired the National Guards of aalts li t , o ere astoni,hed at each a reception. 1 0 e 4 I NliPIEn p to t, 4 al Wi t ' t on , k tir its•--Several pits at Haydock totiikii4seiot! .1)(1 e l nl e r e b4yfeownelvoefekths ag; from the blast ingot e colliere, are still bur . ne tleel i tl : o l l s ,,aall e t , eta ll , 4 4 ' ed it en covered up, and the tire ob l llk e se re nla tle 4 . l o th3;,' h oped that very soon others l q 44 r ill ^3 - e c j t f °f tht e.oolipits where the men are able wry l'as directed that hands .IV Il oll ' e l ' i ble e ' e 'th nl ght 1 0 e li t .4 e..., • the ta an( !daY, so as to find work for p, 0, 14 aen wno are thrown out by the itchtittkott,WlLl, Cal 4 Times. "ip gala, " u ri c k exr r .N a ll f t ,,,, ti 00,,, ste rn of NII. ?—The celebrity of 1 14,4 4 ..01 er , 3 of 84,4, Lo ng Sutton has it appears vi ttal:tltetit,° teat tlier..- end SOlne sporting night' 0 t i 3 rei,o__, .4bilities of these Long g Sutton eels at 4:a-silent them a challenge in be "-Ataidslone Journal. T El E SON, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1850. CONDITION OF YOUNG MEN ENGAGED IN CO %1 ERCI AL PURSUITS PRACTICALLY CONSIDERED. LITERATURE. MR. HUDSON'S EVIDENCE AT YORK. " A Revised and Complete Report of the Recent Trial for Libel, Richardson v. Tfodson, pub lisher of The Yorkshireman,' with preliminary Observations, 6-c." London. C Mitchell, 1850. 2. " R"port if the Evidence of George Hudson, Esq , ALP., on the Trial of the Cause, Richardson v. Woolson, York Summer Assizes, 1850. Edttcd by a Barrister." London, John Hearne, Strand, 1850. The fact that Mr. Hudson was subpoenaed as a witness for the defendant in the action for libel re cently tried at York,—to be subjected to cross examination in a court of justice in respect of all the heavy charges brought against him in relation to the York Union Basking Company, the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Rail way, and the York and North Midland Railway, and to be placed in a position where the truth, and the whole truth, would be extorted from him, whether he would or no—naturally excited an extraordinary degree of interest in York and the northern counties. lie was, as it were, to be publicly put ulna his trial, with this difference, that whereas in ordinary cases the accused stands passively at the bar, listens to the evidence brought against him, and hears,bis accusers attempt to make out their case,—be was to be compelled (if he were guilty of the enor mities bid to his charge) to criminate himself, and out of his own mouth to supply facts for his own condemnation. No wonder that his friends and his enemies, and those who were neither, but who wished to see fair play, and who thought it hard ta condemn a man on ex parte statements and anonymous newspaper para graphs, without hearing his account of the transac tions, should feel curious to know how he would pass through such an ordeal. He appeared in court on the'clay in question;—he appeared under circumstances calculated to make the strongest nerves quail. Public feeling in the city was heated by the vehement diatribes of the journal interested in the verdict of the day,, which endea voured to prejudge the case by creating a public sen timent in its own favour; and Mr. Hudson was called as a witness after the jury had heard directed against him one of the most forcible rhetorical efforts of the greatest Nisi Prius advocate on the Northern Cir cuit, or, indeed, at the bar of this country,—whose thrilling tones may be said at one time to resemble " the thunder," at another time, " the music of the spheres." And how did Hudson bear himself after all this storm of invective, after all these withering sarcasms ? He stood in the witness-box cool, col lected, like a man of business prepared to give infor mation on every point to which hisattention might be called ; and then Sergeant Wilkins commenced his examination. As the editor of the second pamphlet above mentioned, remarks,—" All the consummate skill and practised ingenuity of the Learned Sergeant who cross-examined could suggest was with masterly dexterity exerted to elicit every point which could appear to make his conduct censurable, or throw a suspicion on the purity of his motives." The ease and frankness with which he answered every interro gatory, and the apparent reasonableness of his expla nations, struck everybody, and, as those who were present at the trial testify, produced a powerful sen sation in his favour. The pamphlets before us both purport to contain the evidence given by Mr. Hudson on this occasion ; and because it is important to the cause of truth, — important to the character of a public man, who is admitted even by his most envenomed personal op ponents to have achieved no inconsiderable amount of public good, and to have promoted great public works which will last for generations,—who was, only a few years ago, by the public voice, recog nised as one who ,had promoted useful enterprise, who had assisted in developing the resources of the country, and supplying employment to thou sands,—and because it is important to the national character, which has suffered in the eyes of Europe, who have seen a large portion of the British public turn round and assail with indiscriminating obloquy the person they lauded to the skies as long as railways were making large profits,—like Actaeon torn to pieces by his own hounds, mistaking him for a Stag,—that we invite particular attention to the two pamphlets at the head of this article. The first is printed at the office of the York news paper, against which Mr. Richardson brought 'ais action for libel. It professes to be "a revised and complete " report of the trial ; but a most casual examination of it will show that in the really important part of the whole trial, viz., the evidence of Air. Hudson, it is mutilated, garbled, abridged,—not giving a full and fair report of Mr. Hudson's testimony on oath, as it was, in common decency, not to say common honesty and common fairness, bound to give, but clipping his answers and condensing his explanations! What will be thought of the animus of the writer who, in a "revised and complete" report, can be guilty of such gross abuse of the license of printing ? The charges against Mr. Hudson are printed, literally, as the special-pleader's ingenious pen drew them. The criminatory speech of Mr. Sergeant Wilkins is reported, in the first person, verbatim. The explanations of Mr. Hudson are cut short, and the speech of Mr. Martin, Q.C., in reply to the scandalous aspersions on Mr. Hudson, is imperfectly reported in the third person, in this style—" Having recapitulated the facts given in evidence by Mr. Hudson, he con tended, &c." The examination of Mr. Hudson by Mr. Martin, Q.C., which in the York Herald and the Yorkshire Gazette occupied half a column, and which in the report of Mr. Hudson's evidence, as revised by a member of the bar present in court, extends to six pages, is cramped into seventeen lines of narrow column ! Such a circumstance cannot fail to awaken the public to the fact that there are motives of malevolence in play against Mr. Hudson, w hich make certain parties desirous, if possible, of preventing his explanations having their full effect, which par ties systematically circulate statements distorted by their own prejudices or sinister designs to keep up misconception as to his conduct. There is and partisanship stamped upon the title-page of this " revs ed and complete report and no person can possibly form a just opinion of Mr. Hudson's conduct, without perusing the entire and correct report of his evidence on the occasion in question. Before we proceed to the consideration of the seve ral charges made against Mr. Hudson touching the matters in question, and the answers which he gives on oath to each of them, we cannot refrain from a rematk or two on " the preliminary observations," which are prefixed to the report of the trial, printed at the Yorkshireman office, and published in Red Lion court. The pamphlet is anonymous—a fact not without its significance. Surely, Wnen such accusations as are here advanced are preferred against an individual, the public ought to know who makes them,—Quis vituperavit, " Who is the instigator?" Are these charges made by a man whose own character can stand fire ?—are they made by one respected for inte grity and respectability—for his position in society —for regularity in his payments, and exactness in money matters? Are they the candid remarks of an impar - tial public journalist jealous for the public in terests, or ve ere they incited by some discarded offi cial, some disappointed speculator, some bitten share jobber, some " obliged friend,"— " Was it the &quire, or parson of the pari,b, Or the attorney ?" Who is this Jack the Giant-killer who moves about in his " coat of darkness," and stabs unseen? If the charges advanced against Mr.lludson in respect of the York Union Bank, the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway, and the Yolk and North Midland Railway, were, as they are represented to be, sub stantial and damnatory, it is obvious that they could standalone, arid would require no support from dark surmises, bodiless rumour:, and idle gossip. In try ing the commonest felon in our courts of law all knowledge of a previous conviction is studiously kept from the view of the jury till their verdict is found, in order that they may give a fair and impartial ver dict, and not be prejudiced by importing into the case any circumstances not bearing on the matter be fore them ; but this writer studiously lays a foundation of prejudice before he proposes his accusation, tied tries every expedient to damage the reputation of Mr. Hudson before he approaches the facts of the case ! He mentions that in May, 1827—that is eighteen years before the rail way mania—a relative of Mr. Hudson, named Bot terill, bequeathed to Mr. Hudson the sum of 30,000/. ; and he hints that there was foul play in respect of Mr. Botterill's will, because Mr. Botterill left the bulk of his property to Mr. Hudson, leaving little or no thing to nearer relations, nephews and nieces ! Is it to be borne that the character of men, public or pri vate, is to be dealt with in this manner ? Is it to be borne that in order to tell off a one-sided report of a trial, involving the character of ore who has three times filled the office of Lord Mayor of York, and who still occupies a seat in the Legislature, such a viperous calumny should be put into circulation ? " I wit; be banged if souse eternal villain, Some busy slid insinuating rogue, S, , rne cogging, c<z ning slave, to serve some purpose, Have not devised this slander!" That those who were overlooked by the testator should be dissati,ne d,— that less fortunate neighbours should envy the man who fell in for such a fortune, is prob .ble enough,—but there were the strongest possible reasons why Mr...Botterill should prefer Mr. Hudson to the rest of his relations. Ile saw in him an active, steady, indefatigable, and (as his traducers themselve admit) exemplary and useful member of society, and no doubt he telt satisfied that Mr. Hudson ould make good use of his property. Is it even pretended that the will was impeached ? The will was in the York Willa'-office, in Minster. yard; it could be seen by anybody on papnent of a shilling ; there is a Prerogative Court at York for the trial of testamentary causes—the city contained then, as now, several en terprising attornejs and proctors,--the prize was 30,000/,—was, we repeat, the will ever impeached Is it credible that if there were a shadow of even a suspicion on that will that it would have been al- lowed to remain undisturbed ? The thing is prepos .terous ! It is a wicked invention, printed for the sake of galling, insulting, and nettling Mr. Hudson ; but it will, we are of opinion, have a tendency to show to the public of the United Kingdom that there is more at the bottom of all this outcry against " the Railway King " than meets the eye ! But having admitted that in May, 1827, Mr. Hudson was possessed of 30,0001. and a busit.ess suf ficiently lucrative to enable the proprietors " to ac quire small fortunes," this candid representative of the fourth estate in Yorkshire describes Mr. Hudson in the following strain : They only saw a man t the a leap from behind a counter to become one of the moat i,.fluential men uf his da3 —from a respectable tradesman, posAessing a Jew huhdreds, to take sank as a millionaire; a Aletuber of Patituuent; a boroughtnanger; the owt,er of lour or five estatts; and at whose bulls and soirees dukes and nobles attended to pay court and do homage. The nation only saw this, and manelleel" The pamphleteer wishes to represent Mr. Hudson's fortune as like the gourd of Jonah, which shot up in one night ; but the truth is that his rise has been slow, gradual, progressive, the reward of many years of perseverance and steady tuil. Equally correct is the following : " Having, then, as we have said, by virtue of his newly-acquired wealth, advanced in the estimation of his party, he vtry soon began to participate in those muni cipal honours which that party had the powtr of con ferrinn." What is the fact ? That he acquired his wealth in 1827, and did not participate in any sort c f municipal honours till December 25, 1835. In 1835 Mr. Thomas Wood IVi!son was Lord Mayor of York. On the 25th of December the first elections under the new law took place ; Sir John Simpson was chosen Lord Mayor, and Mr. Hudson was then elected a councillor. In 1836-37 Mr. James Meek was Lord Mayor ; and in 1837-38 Mr. Hudson was chosen Lord Mayor. In 1838-39 he was re elected. Now all this was before the railway days— for the York and North Midland Railway was only opened to Castleford in May, le4o, and the Great North of England line was opened to Darlington in Mirch, 1841. Any one acquainted with the facts knows that Mr. Hudson then maintained the same hospitality in the Mansion-ho Use which be afterwards did when he was at the head of the railway world ; he was then considered by his party to have rendered eminent ser vices to the Tory cause in the city and in the North and East Ridings, and before we believe he ever made a farthing by railways, he was presented with a valuable peace of plate by his fellow-citizens, and was visited by the aristocracy of his native county. So far from its being correct that Mr. Hudson, " possessing merely a few hundreds," took " a leap" from behind a counter to be a millionaire, the truth is that he had retired from , business in College street' as early as 1838—seven years at least before he took that leap ! But instead of retiring to the country on the fortune he had secured, and living as a squire, as men of vulgar minds would have done, he resolved to employ his capital in a way more congenial to his temperament, and more beneficial to his fellow-men. One more sample of the honesty of the writer whose representations have been palmed off on a cre dulous public : " We verily believe, that if a proposition had been made during that period, of tunnelling the Atlantic, or of laying down a line to the moon, no smile of derision would have been raised throughout the country. Such was the public credulity of the age. But, anon, through the influence and repeated warnings of the press, this delirium abated; it was suddenly discovered that more railways were pre ected than the capital of the country (threefold) could construct. The Stock Exchange be came alarmed; scrip holders trembled and rushed breath lessly to the market; but, ales! it was too late! The huge bubble had burst, and prices fell more rapidly than they had risen; provisiocal committeemen absconded with the funds entrusted to their custody, leaving the shareholders to their fate:— " The earth bath bubbles, as the water bath, And these were of them !" We hare already said that for all this mischief, the wide spread rum and multitudinous evils which subsequently ensued, and which a, e even yet travelling ' their sow length along,' George Hudson, the dis-crowned Railway Monarch, is to be held as answerable." We deny this utterly. So far from encouraging these bubbles, Mr. Hudson invariably cautioned Parlia ment and the public against them; he pointed out the dangers of this very speculation; he predicted the ruin that would inevitably flow from it; he warned the holders in all the substantial lines to discourage all the wild prvjects afloat ; there was no one more opposed to the " Stags" than he was. How, then, with any colour of justice and trutb can he be held responsible for the ruin that men's own rashness, recklessness, cupidity, insatiate avarice, selfishness, folly, miscalculation, and disrt gard cf good faith brought upon their own heads ? Let him be judged of by his own acts,—if his management of the great lines committed to his charge was open to cen sure, let him be censured by all means ; but in the name of common sense let him not be held respon sible for doings with which he had nothing to de, an& which he actually exerted his influence to counteract ! The first topic on which Mr. Hudson was exa mined by Mr. Sergeant Wilkins related to his con nexion with the York Union Banking Company. The imputation on Mr. Hudson with respect to this bank was that through his mismanagement the manager had over-drawn his account to the extent of 16,0001. more than he was able to repay—he having, to promote his own echernes, advanced that gen tleman from being a clerk, at a salary of 2001 a year in another bank, to be manager of the York Union Banking Company, at a salary of 1,0001. A few words of explanation will mt et this charge. The bank was formed in 1833, whets the notion of a railroad from York to London would have been considered as about as practicable a scheme as a sub• marine telegraghic communication now between Liverpool and New York ! Among many con &dates for the office of manager, dr. Wilkinson applied for the vacant appointment. From his experience as a clerk at Wentworth's and the York City and County Banks, he was con sidered to be a proper person, and he was appointed at a salary of 4001. a year—certainly not too much for a post of such trust. Mr. Hudson was from the year 1833 a director of the bank; in 1841 he became chairman. The bank prospered; it was regarded as one of the best conducted J. int Stock Banks in the county. Many of our readers will remember the fearful commercial crisis in 1837,—those who do not will do well to refer to some year-book or register of that date; they will find an appalling chronicle of the effects of speculation and over-trading. The York Union Bank pssaed safely through that crisis, and again, in 1842, when the manufacturing districts were suffering the most frightful distress, the Union Bink, under the safe guidance of the man who is now denounced r s the most rash of all speculators, weathered the storm, while the Yorkshire Agricultural and Commercial Bank, with a capital of 400,0001., broke, involving its un happy shareholders in liabilities to the amount of 201,6981.9:. 5d., which utterly ruined several families. The proprietors of the York Union Bank were natu rally satisfied with the vigilance of their directors and managers, and on three successive occasions, as the business of the establishment increased, step by step, the salaries of the officers were all increased together, till at length the manager's salary was 1,000/.a year ! Mr. Hudson's railway connexion brought a large amount of business to the bank, and although the shareholders then knew that he could bestow little more than a nominal superintendence over the affairs of the bank, they were but too glad to have the pres tige of his name as chairman, and the profit of his connexion. Well, in the beginning of this present year, it is discovered that the manager is in debt to the bank 16,000/., and the Yorkshireman publishes a paragraph attempting to fix the responsibility of the defalcation principally on Mr. Hudson ! From the evidence, however, of Mr. Wilkinson himself and of Mr. Hudson, it appears that 16,000/. of the amount overdrawn was taken by the manager during the last twelve months, the greater part of which time Mr. Hudson was in London, and that Mr. Hudson had nothing directly or indirectly to do with the defal cation. Mr. Hudson, in his evidence, in answer to the questions of Sergeant Wilkins, thus explains the course of business at the bank in reference to ad vances . . _ " Q. When advances were made by the bank to any parties, were not they made under your control and directions? " A. Under my directions jointly with Mr. Scawin; and, under particular circums!ances, with the advice of the entire board of directors. " Q. Was it not your duty to exercise your discretion, and take care that these advances were made on proper security? " A. Jointly with my colleagues. " Q. De you mean to tell me that no advances were ever made on your own responsibility, without the sanction of your colleagues? " A. I do not think that I ever sanctioned any ad vances without the concorreece of Mr. Seawin, except when he was absent at the time they were made; then I acted on my own responsibility. " Q. Telt me, sir, is it not the fact that you frequently wade advances without the knowledge of Mr. Scawin, without his being personally present? " A. I occasionally made advances in his absence; I may have n.ade advances without consulting him ; I would have done so in a 501. ease, but not to any large amount; but no advances could be made without his being aware of them. They must have come to his knowledge from the counter-book. Q. When you gave your sanction to advances, did you always communicate that to Mr. Seawia? " A. Certainly; if the amounts were large I certainly would tell him. I believe I have done to in every in stance; but he certainly must have known' of every advance." During the fifteen or sixteen years Mr. Hudson bad been on the directorate of the _bank the concern prospered ; and, at a period when it was physi tally impossible for him to have been acquainted wino the details of all the accounts of the bank, when the shareholders eltcted him, well knowing that he was engaged in Parliament, and that he had reveral railway works cf magnitude in hand, more than suffiAent to task the energies of one man, he is held responsible, by this scribbler, for the indis cretions of a manager who had gone on steadily, without givirg any occasion of complaint, for the previous fiftcen years, although those on the spot at Yolk knew nothing of the matter! We put it fairly to the mercantile community of this metropolis and of the country at large, on this first issue—ls Hudson Guilty or Not Guilty ? ELIZA COOK'S JOURNAL. The last page of the new monthly part of Eliza Cook's Journal bill be most welcome to all the ad mirers of her natural and warm-hearted muse. " Bessie Gray," a lament over the death of an old plu)fellow and ..school companion, is one of the f‘weet.- est and trndere.at of the many effusions of unaffected pathos' firn;liar to the reader's uf Eliza Ciok, be ginning— Anoaier of my childhood's friends has passed into the grave, The living waters of my heart are ebbing, wave by wave; The fl odtide of my youthful love has lift its sparkling strand; But Memory i4eeps the margin worhs in rifts of golden sand." Then; with a mingled tone of sorrow and playfulness, the childish frolics and the girlish employments shared in by the two friends are enumerated— " Arad then our blight half-holidays, our happy sum mer walks, Oh, Childhood's richest fruit e'er hangs upon the poorest stalks." Bessie Gray found a foreign home and a foreign grave, but her memory lingered with the companion of her childhood so tenaciously, that the latter exclaims— " I will not say, poor Bessie Gray, that later years have not Strewn truest friendship on my path in many a fairy spot; But, favoured as my heart has been, I never yet could see Two merry girls in giddy sport without a thought of thee." The concluding stall za is rendered most affective by its exquisite simplicity, and will find an answer in the hearts of ,many who read it : "My gay young playmate! can it be and art thou lying low, Where tawny footsteps leave their trail and waves of blossom flow ? OW can it be that thou art gone—so bl) the, so brave, so strong, And I, the weaker one, still left to hum thy requiem song? I wonder where my eyes will close, and sleeping place will be— No mater; sleep where'er I may, 'iis little care to me. I only hope some gentle hearts, when I have passed away, Will think of me, as I do now of thee, poor Bessie Gray." Among the prose contributions to this part is one of Anna Maria Sergeant's very interesting stories, " The Second-Floor Lodgers ;" a tale of the reign of terror, by Percy St. John, whose pen is so familiar with the incidents of the revolution; " A Stitch in Time," an attractive little history with a most useful moral ; "Chemistry for the Kitchen—Vegetable Food ;" an essay on " Castle-building," in which that most delightful delusion is denounced, and perhaps very deservedly, as "selfishness," and with yet greater justice it is said, in oppoition to a practice to which we are most of us too prone, that on waking up the dreamer finds that while he has been dreaming others have been working, and that he is farther behind than ever. "The Birth of Charity" is a delightful alle gory, which it would be well for the world and all its inhabitants if it could be realised. These, and a variety of other equally attractive papers, make up the new part of the journal, which is, as usual, characterised by the genial kindliness of spirit and the practical good sense by which it is animated. COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, SEPT. 2. Her Msjesty and his Royal Highness took their usual early walk this morning. His Royal Highness afterwards went out shooting. Her M.jesty drove out in the afternoon, attended by the Marchioness of Douro. The younger members of the Royal Family went out walking. _ . _ Her RUYaI Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen, Lady Augusta Bruce, Baroness de Speth, Lord James Murray, Sir George Couper, and Dr. Robertson, will have the honour of dining with her Majesty this evening. SEPT. 3. His Royal Highness went out shooting this morn ing, accompanied by his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen and Sir George Grey, and attended by Lieuttnant-Colonel the Hon. Alexander Gordon. Her Majesty drove out in the afternoon in an open carriage, with the Princess Royal, the Princess Alice, and Prince Alfred. The Prince of Wales rode out this afternoon, V tended by Mr. Birch. The dinner party this evening will include her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, his Serene Highness the Prince of, Leiningen, Lady Augusta Bruce, Baroness de, Speth, and Sir George Couper. OLYMPIC THEATRE. Since last Tuesday, the favourite drama Secret Service has been substituted for the Daughter of the Stars, in consequence of the temporary indisposition of Mrs. Stirling ; she is expected, however, to resume her duties on Monday next. Secret Service has . been received with great applause. It appears to greater advantage in this theatre, and the actors seem to feel more at home, and the play " goes" better in this larger theatre. The houses are every night overflowing. The public is now taught to look for comfort as well as amusement in a place of entertain ment, and in the Olympic they meet with both in perfection. The stalls and dress circle in this theatre are admirably arranged, and the private boxes are luxurious; while the separate entrances to various parts of the theatre give great facilities of entrance and exit. The new extravaganzi receives nightly applause; it has been much improved by some judi cious excisions. The orchestra is remarkably good ; it plays with precision and feeling. ST. GEORGE'S CATHOLIC ciIURCH, YORK. The opening of this beautiful church took place at York on the 4th inst. There was an immense con course of Catholic families from York and its county to celebrate the event. Four bishops, and upwards of 40 of the clergy, both secular and regular, attended. Amorgst the company present we observed the Right Itev. Dr. Bri ggs , Bi shop of the Northern Dis trict; Bishops Ullathorne, liogarth, and Gillis • the Revs. Tate, M. Trapper, F. T rapper, Father Dent ' (Dominican), Glover, C lifford, the Very Rev. J. Reader, V. G. of York ; and the Revs. W. Fisher, Bridge, Cock,hoot, Cooper. Amongst the gentry were the lion. C. Langdale and family, the Lady Stourton, Mr. C. Maxwell, of Everingham, Mr. 11. Maxwell, G. Salvin and family (Cr ox d a l e ), M r . 11. Cholmondeley (liroadsly) and family :Mr. George Clifford andfamily, of York, Drs. Goldie and Dolman, Messrs. Weld and Middleton, Mrs. Dods worth and The Rightup w Rev. Dr. of Gillis t thirty ( w o h f o the is spoken clergy Miss Wallis, Messrs. C aveson and Dearsly, &c., &e. A grand high mass was performed at half-past ten o o' ffi c l c o i c a k t: d .1" whi of as the new Archbishop of Westminster) preached an eloquent discourse, in which he delicately alluded to the present disordered :tate of the Anglican Church. After the service a grand banquet took place in the Musical Concert Hall, at which the Honourable C. Langdale presided. The first toast was "His Holiness the Pope as the representative of the Divine Head upon earth of th. Church." The Queen and the Royal Family followed. And after the health of the Bishop had been drank, Mr. Dearsly, the barrister, proposed in an eloquent speech the healths of the Revs. Render and Fisher, of York, and the clergy of the district. The learned gentleman said that the success of the Catholic cause was mainly owing to the virtue, the labours, and the indomitable energy of the clergy. Another cause wa s to be found in th e i ncreas i ng zeal, piety, and learnin g o f t h e Protestants themselves. He was glad to find this, die first church built in York since the Reformation, was one dedicated to the poor Irish. It was a fashion to lavish abuse upon the Irish, but Catholics could not do so ; under Provi dence, they had been the great missionaries of Ca tholic truth. They had spread it both over the old and the new world, and their steadfast adherence to their faith called for their admiration. They might depend upon it in building these magnificent churches, in which their poor outcasts might jean in the beautiful services of the Church, their labour was not lost upon them. The health of the architect and the honourable chairman was then drank amidst great applause. About 500 persons sat down to this banquet. There was some excellent music, and Miss Witnel, of Liver pool, delighted the audience with her singing, e s p e _ cially a n I r i s h me l o d y, w hi c h s he surf; with exquisite taste, a ft er th e speec h o f M r . Dearsly. M. p , Sir Cornwalli s Ricketts, ZOOLOGICA L S OCIETY O F LONDON. —At the monthl y g ch en 4 7 l l , m isc e o et u i n n t g N he e l w d p y or e t s , terday, at the society's house in Hanover-square, 111 r. 'l'. Charles Harrison , F.R S., in the Bart., Mr. Henry Wordsworth, and Mr. G. Ransonie were elected as fellows of the society, and Mr. J. S. Gaskoin and Mr. R. Hartley Kennedy were proposed as candidates for the fellowship. The report of the Council stated that the num ber of viitors to the gardens in August was .4,564, being an increase over August, 1849, of 27,92, and that th e number of visitors sinc e th e arr i va l of the hippopotamus (a period of only fourteen weeks) bas been 226,988. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SM.V. Sin,—The condition of young men is a subject, the importance of IN hich will always be felt in a country in proportion as that country obtains correct views of the source's of its strength, and cf the methods by which to secure its advancement and happiness.'` Catiline saw the influence which might be exercised through the instrumentality of young men, and see ing it, sought to corrupt them, with a view to the overthrow of the liberties of Rome. Judging from the utterly neglected state in which the great mass of our commercial youth werd al lowed to continue till within the last few years, it would appear that the leaders of public opinion in this kingdom were far less shrewd than Catiline. Ot late, however, a great change has taken place. Think. ing men, of all classes, at length have begun to per ceive that it is not only an unchristian thing and a c:uel thing for young men and young women to be overworked, es they are, in our shops and woikreoms, but that it is also an exceedingly impolitic thing in a national point of view ; such overwork having been proved to exercise the most baneful influence—morally and physically—on the tens of thousands of persons who have to undergo it, and through them, more or less, on society at large; It is true, there are some persons even in this, the middle of the nineteenth contury, who, trampling under foot first principles, still assert that young men would only abuse their liberty if they possessed it, and that therefore it should be withheld from them. But these individuals are so comparatively few, and so obviously in the wrong, that I will not now stop to do more than merely caution them against the jeopardy into which, by the preaching of such a doctrine, they place them selves; for, I presume, if the argument, that because a portion of a class of persons would abuse their liberty the entire class should be deprived of it, apply to shopmen, it is also applicable to all other classes of the community—and if so, then of necessity to the sections to which these individuals respectively be long ; and, as there was never yet known any section of society, the whole of the members of which were immaculate, these gentlemen are entrapped by their own philosophy—they have themselves, upon their own showing, plainly no right to be at large. I have already said that thinking men have begun to perceive that the late-hour system is not less widely spread than disastrous ; and that they are, consequently, desirous for its abolition. This is all well, so far as it goes ; but the mere perception of a truth is only valuable so far as it leads to the carry ing out of the principles which it involves ; and it is much to be lamented that, in the present case, the discovery specified has not, to the extent that could have been desired, produced this practical result. No doubt a great change for the better has taken place within the last few years, in reference to " closing." The very existence of such excellent societies as the " Young Men's Christian Association," the " Church of England Young Men's Society," and the " Even ing Classes for Young Men," go far to prove this ; inasmuch as, prior to the establishment of the Early Closing Association it was simply impossible for as si3tants, excepting on Sundays, to avail themselves of such provisions for their improvement.§ But great as is the change for the better which is thus made apparent, it sinks into insignificance when compared with what remains to be accomplished ere business can be said to be restricted within reasonable and proper limits. This never can with truth be asserted to be the case till, at the latest, seven o'clock for winter, and tight o'clock for summer, are generally adopted as the hours for closing. And if the ques tion be only taken up with an amount of spirit at all commensurate with its importance—with that zeal, in fact, which is often employed (and properly) on objects connected with foreign countries, there is no conceivable reason why—commencing the reforma tion at once—closing this winter at seven o'clock should not be as general as heretofore it has been rare. All persons may, more or less, assist in bring ing about this desirable consummation. Much good may be done by those benevolent and enlightened shopkeepers who are desirous to see early closing carried out, canvassing their respective localities, with a view to the achievement of that object. Assistants, too, have a vast amount of power in their own hands. By their studying how most to promote the interests of their employers whilst in business and by exert ing themselves unceasingly, after its suspension, to secure their emancipation, they will give the best of all proofs that they both desire and deserve it ; and they will furtbermore, by so acting, create an influence in their favour which must ultimately prove irresistible. For a time the move ment will, doubtless, continue to be opposed in some districts, both of the country and metro polis.ll In all cases, where argument and persuasion prove insufficient to overcome such opposition, an ap peal must be made to that more formidable power— public opinion. Effectually to secure the aid of this power, the pulpit and the press—those mighty levers, with, ut the aid of one or other of which few good, and still fewer great, changes have been wrought in this country—must be brought into active operation. The service already rendered the early -closing cause by those two all-powerful agencies proves the abun dance of desire and ability to assist us which exist in both those quarters. Impressed, therefore, with a conviction of the holi ness of our cause, and of its paramount national im portance, and encouraged by the past, we would, through you, Sir, earnestly, and confidently, but respectfully, call upon ministers of religion and gen tlemen of the press to do their utmost, where neces sary, to arouse the public to a due sense of their duty in the matter. By observing the following rules, heads of families would materially contribute towards the accomplishment of the object under review : First, by abstaining from evening shopping them selves, and causing others to do so, especially in the case of their servants; and, Secondly, by patronising, as far as possible, those tradesmen who close earlyl - By so acting they will protect those who deserve it, and convince every one of the unprofitableness of late trading. Sir, I do trust that early closing will no longer be spoken of as merely desirable, but that by means of all persons who have hearts to do good, thus lend ing their aid according to their respective stations and opportunities, it will soon become a practical, tangible thing. In proportion as this is the case, shall we find the members of our various religious and literary so cieties increasing in number. This will necessarily result in the moral elevation of our young men; their physical powers (under the more healthy system) may also be expected to increase in the same ratio ; and with their minds and bodies thus strengthened and improved, who can doubt that they would soon become not merely more efficient salesmen, and in all points, more valuable assistants, but also, under God, active instruments in the great work of Rational re generation ? " Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might," is a scriptural command. That this divine injunction may be speedily acted upon by the advo cates of early closing, and that their number may be increased a hundred-fold, is the heartfelt desire, Sir, of ycur obedient end obliged servant, JOHN LILWALL, See. of the Early Closing Association. Offices, 32, Ludgate. hill, Sept. 3, 1850. * "For it ie obvious that the mass of the young— look but a few years forward—is society. Those who are now amongst us constitute the future population of this earth. . . What they are or what they become, the age must be when their imm.diate predecessors sleep }with their fathers."—Prize Essay, Our Young Men, by Dr. Cox, p. 238. t "I find, from papers lying at Somerset House, that a thousand lives are annually sacrificed in the metropolis stone by the late-hour system, and that the health of at least eight times that number is made to suffer from the same cause."—From a Speech by Dr. E. Lanhester, delivered at a Meeting of the Early Closing Association in 1849. "By contival confinement to the shop, young men are made incapable of intellectual improvement, they are excluded tram social intercourse, and ars thus often driven into that course which is destruction to their bodies and ruin to their souls."—From a Speech delinered by the Bishop rtf Oxford, at a Meeting of the Early Closing Ashociation in 1848. t To show the 13( aring of the Early Closing Move ment upon the welfare of the nation, it is sufficient to mention that it is estimated there are engaged in busi ness in London alone upwards of a hundred thousand young persons, the chief portion of whom are, more or less, the victims of the late hour system. § " I am thankful to know of the existence of institu tions, that by the blessing of God upon them shall help, and lead, and guide the minds of our young men; and I know enough of the operations of these institutions to be satisfied that they are gathering into their fold very many who, but for the operations of the Early Closing Association, would have been altogether destitute of the privileges which they now enjoy." --From a Speech by the Rev. George Fisk, LL 8., Minister of Christ Church, Maids-hill. II Ir an account were taken of the business done in thu several retail shops in the United Kingdom, after a given hour in the evening —say six o'cl,ck—and if the profits of such business were compared with the ex ppnses which attend its transaction, it is believed it would, in most cases, prove to be a Source of positive pecuniary loss to tradesmen, and had therefore better te sacrificed than cultivated; but, when it is remembered that such business would cot te sacrificed if shops closed at an early hour, the folly of continuing the late-hour system becomes still more palpable. " When you see a trader close at seven, note that man, and, it possible, have your dealings with him : he is a public benefactor, and entitled to support."—From a Se, mon by the Rev. James Hamilton, F.L.S., of the Scotch Church, Reyent-square. Sr. MARK'S COLLEGE.—Considertible progress has been made with the new buildings at St. Mark's College. The roof is on, and it is expected that the whole of the works will In completed tiara lyr opeuipg at Christ is POISONINGS AT CLAVERING. GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE. NEWPORT, E.TSEX, SEPT. 4.—No trifling sensa tion has been caused in this district by the apprehen sion of Sarah Chesham, who at the spring assizes for the county in 1848 was tii.d and acquitted of the murder of her two children. Tne arrest took place at the instance of the Secretary of State, on suspicion of her having destroyed her husband, Richard Chesham, by administering anenie. At the gaol of this place this day she underwent an examination before Mr. B. Wolfe and Captain Henry Byng. It appeared that after the prisoner was acquitted she returned to the village, where there seems to have b?en some gossip about poison, and how bad hus bands could be got rid of. About three or four months ago the husband of Sarah Chesham was sud denly taken ill. Ile was a farm-labourer, and ac cordin4 to the statement of the neighbours was con. sidercd a healthy sort of man. Ile died, how ever, and Mr. Lewis, the coroner, made another attempt to uproot the mystery attending these secret end diabolical acts of poisoning. The contents of the body were forwarded to Mr. T4310r for analysation, and at the sittings of the coroner's jury there was a vast amount of prevarica tion among the witnesses, with a view, apparently, of screening the guilty party. Mr. Superintendent Clarke-, of the E•a-ex constabulary, on searching her cottage found a bag containing rice. She informed the superintendent that it was her father's, and she hoped that he would not take it away. Ile, however, disappointed her; the rice was sent to Mr. Taylor for examination, and that gentleman found arsenic in a powder mixed up with it. Several witnesses sppke of the deceased being seized with the symptoms at tending the administration of arsenic, and his violent purging and vomiting a day or so before his death. The mother of the deceased swore positively that she had seen the prisoner give him some rice, the last time about four days before he died ; but upon the prisoner being asked whether she had any state ment to make, she denied that he ever had any. The most important witness, however, was a woman named Hannah Phillips. This person has since made a different and far more conclusive statement against the prisoner, which she solemnly swears is the correct one, but which she was afraid of giving lest she sustained the injury she was threatened with had she done so. Her former story was that she met the prisoner crying about the loss of her children, and that she would never get over it. She added that she had hidden the poison under a tub in a neighbour ing lane, that she had had a deal of trouble, and that if anybody asked her (witness) about it, she was to deny all knowledge - of it. Other parties made doubtful statements before the coroner's jury, and then came the rather delicate testimony of Professor Taylor to convict upon. He found the presence of arsenic in the stomach of the deceased, but the quan tity found was not sufficient for him to say that it had caused death. In this difficult position the jury did not feel them selves justified in returning such a verdict as would send the case elsewhere. The Coroner suggested, however, that the magis trates might probably proceed against her for ad ministering the poison with intent ; and in order to carry that into effect, the depositions were forwarded to them. The bench of magistrates for the district then re solved upon maki n g an e ff or t i n so l v i ng t h e mystery, which appeared to defeat every inquiry. The con duct of different parties was watched, and at length an important piece of information was elicited from Hannah Phillips, the witness previously alluded to. She stated that in course of conversation the prisoner alluded to the ill-treatment she (Phillips) had received from her husband, and that she (prisoner) would not have lived with her husband if he had treated her in the same way. She added that she ought to do what she had done, make him up a pie of sheep's liver, lights, &c., and that if she brought it down to her (prisoner) she would season it tor her. Mrs. Phillips made some additions to her testimony with reference to the arsenic being hidden under the tub, and the secrecy the prisoner enjoined upon her. These with other new facts were submitted to Sir G. Grey, the Secretary of State, with a view of as certaining from the law officers of the Crown their opinion as to the best course to pursue in the matter, more especially in suppressing the abominable sys tem. Tbe whole of the evidence was laid before the Attorney and Solicitor-Generals, who expressed an opinion that sufficient had transpired to warrant a re-investigation at least of the last case. Accordingly the magistrates acted, and a warrant was placed in the hands of Mr. Clarke, the superintendent, and on Monday evening the prisoner was arrested at her cottage in Clavering, and conveyed to the gaol of this town, and being of a methodistical turn of mind, as she states, she immediately repaired to the Bible. When before the magistrates, and more particu larly while the woman Phillips was giving her addi tional evidence, she exhibited much uneasiness. On the witness concluding her testimony, the prisoner said that she could tell the ttuth as well as Mrs. Phillips, and the fact was she (Mrs. Phillips) had ap plied to her for a poisoned pill. She asserted her in nccence of having caused her husband's death. Mr. Superintendent Clarke, and Mr. Welling', re lieving overseer, having repeated what they adduced at the coroner's inquiry, and some other facts bearing upon the case, the bench remanded the prisoner for the purpose of enabling the police to procure the at tendance of other important witnesses. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. We announced yesterday the cordial reception with which the order referring to the admission of arsistant surgeons into the ward-room was received by the officers of the commt dore'a ship, in the Tagus; but we regret to observe, that in several of the ships now fitting out in the home ports a very different feelit.g has pre vailed, and in one we hear the captain has t apressed himself very strongly on the subject, and has even de clared, that rather than allow an assistant-surgeon to have a c ebin he will devote it to the youngest midship man. We trust this will not be passed over by the Lords of the Admiralty, particularly as we hear that on board the Fox and the Dragon the assistant-burgeon is still doomed to vegetate in his steerage and cockpit hammock. We conceive that this subject has been too lightly dea't with. Surely Sir Francis Baring is too experi enced a man of business to allow a resolution of the House of Commone, and the petitions of more than a hundred of the most distinguished bodies in the United Kingdom, to be lightly passed over.—Herald. PORTSMOUTH, THURSDAY.—The Dutch frigate Prince Hendrick, from the Texel for Batavia, passed the Bight this morning. Tho Termagant steam-frigate, 24, La: been removed from the basin to-day, and taken to the moorings lately occupied by the Illustrious, 72, ordinary del 6: ship, the Illustrious being removed alongside the Britannia, 120, to turn her officers and ship's company over to her. The Apollo troop-ship, Commander Rawstorne, is being re-copt ered. A Dumber of additional scuttles have been cut in the sides of thin ship, which has much improved the ventilation. Iron bedsteads will also be provided for the troops. The Blenheim, 6U, screw guard-ship, Captain Hen derson, C. 8.; the Fex, 42, Commodore Lambert; the Thetis, 3S, Captain Cupar; and the Dragon steam frigate, Captain Giffsrd, remain at Spithead. PLYM , )UTH, THURSDAT.—Her Majesty's steam-vessel Flamer arrived on Tuesday from For t,mcuth. She went into the Sound yesterday, and will be paid wages to day and sail for the coast of Africe. The Fearless steamer arrived on Tuesday from Ports mouth, with seamen gunners fur the Purtlaud frigate, and returned the same day. The brigantine Pandora will be placed in the stern• dock on Monday, fur examination and repair previous to being commissioned. Tee P 1 mouth yacht having been lengthened and re paired will be launched on Saturday, the 7th inst. The merchant-steamer Brunsw ick, of Plymouth, Cap tain Thomas Russell, in making her d cc pas sage from Guernsey to Torquay ore o'clock, it being o n Wednes da y morn ing,med the 4th inst., about ha lt-par t very dark, unfortunately ran pilchards. Two men, Brixham, which was drifting f or p the third, 22, son down f a boat hailing from ; by the Brunswi c k' s aged 60 of t n h d o 8 5 e 5 ° ho t a o t ne wbich was promptly lowered and mane( d; he was , dr s o u wd nk ne i , s w h a t s he sav b e o d at landed at Torquay. It is stated that the fishing-boat had no light. Captain Washington, R.N., surveyor of harbours, has been on an official visit of inquiry in this locality during the present week. PEMBROKE, SEPT. s.—The target practice of the Artillery Companies of the Royal dockyard battalion has been resumed, and the precision and correctness shown by the men in their various trials prove that they now form a very efficient and well-disciplined body of men. The boat brigade of the corps is likewise in a high state of efficiency. The appearance of the battalion at the late review and inapt ction by Sir T. S. Pasley, Bart., was most creditable, and the precision and regularity with which the various mateeuvres were performed elicited the warmest praise from several experienced military officers who were present. The following is a list of the evolutions, and it will be seen that to execute them with anything like precision a considerable know ledge of military tactics is requisite:- 1. From the riget of companies pass by files to the rear, halt and n Lea into line, fire by companies from right to left. 2. Advance in line, and from the right of companies pass by files to the front, square on the leading division, Ere from the right of faces, resist cavalry, re-form column, advance, and countermarch by sub-divisions round the centre. 3. Deploy on the centre company, fire from centres to flanks. 4. Change front obliquely to the left on the No. 8, right throat forward, fire from left to right. 5. Change position i,biiquely to the 16ft un No. 3, left thrown back, when into line, and fire from centre to 11:Elks. 6. Square on the two centre subdivisions, fire from the tight of face, resist cavalry, kneeling ranks fire,• re form line, and fire by files hom inward ilAnks and sub divisions. 7. Form close column on No. 1, right in front, advance and Iv hea ti the lett. 8. Deploy on centre company, fire by files from the inward Hanks of companies. 9. The line retired, Ealted, advanccd in column of di. visions from the lett, wheeled into line, fired a rolicjr, advanced and charged, advanced in reriew order, end. ing with a general salute. 11r. Robinson, aho has been appointed surgeon to the guard-ship Saturn, accompanied Sir John Ross in that cfficer's la:e expedition to the Arctic regions in search of Sir John Franklin and his companions. This ap pointment has been mado to avoid the necessity of en gaging private practitioners to attend the dockyard. RACES T SEPTE: O COME. :MBER. Barnet. Bungay Ax bridge., Lichfield .., Radcliffe Werneth Low• 9 Chendle (St , ifford,hire) 9 Bromley (Kent) lO Marlborough Leicester ll Liverpool H. (Hoylake) 11 Totne: Lynn Abingdon.. Dover Walsall Doncaster Breconshire Richmond 12 16 .... .... 23 Basing toke 23 Uttoxetc>r 23 KAso Bedford Sandbach ~ 24 Leintn areuiue ...... 24 Manchebtcr Autumn... 26 Cirences tf r Scarborough BER. Royal Caledonian, &c. 9 Newmkr. Second Oct.— 14 Wrexham Lit ref,.rd ....... Newmarket Houghton 2B DIRER. New•mkt. First October Chesterfield Monmouth Chester Autumn Upton-on-Severn Epsom .... IRISH RAC] Curragh Sopt. 3 Roscommon ll Mallow .. Johnstown Liverpool S TO COME. Curragh Oct. 15 Lucan Autumn Down Royal Corp 23 Tramore Not fixed. 23 CRICKET. SHEFFIELD v. ALL ENGLAND. This match wag played et the Hyde park, Sheffield, on the 2J, 3d, and 4th inst. The score at the close of the game yesterday was as follows: SHEFFIELD. First Innings. Second Innings. Hunt, c Hoare, b Martingell 42 b Martingell ...... .. .. 26 M. J. Ellison, Esq., b Wisden 11 c Hoare, b Martingell 3 Coates, c Pilch, b Clarke 29 c Hill yer , b Cl ar k e ... 13 13. Wake, Esq , c Felix, b Martinge11...... Wright, s Box, b Martingell 12 b Wisden. ... 32 Sampson, b Martingell Dakin, c Guy, b Clarke ...... 0 c and b Martingell T. R. barker, Esq., b Clarke 0 c Felix, b Wisden 5 Chatterton, b Clarke ...... .. 0 c F e li x , b Wi sden Crookes, b Martingell 0 c Box, b Wisden R. F. Skelton, Esq , b Clarke 0 c and b Martingell ' 1 Gibson, b Clarke ...... ....... 3 c Hillyer, b Martingell 0 E. C. Kay, Esq., b Clarke ... 3 b Martingell Gillott, c Hillyer, b Clarke ... 0 not out ... .... ... Osborn, not out Byes 2,1 b 7 ... Total 129 ALL ENGLAND. First Innings. Hillyer, b Wright Wisden, b Hunt Parr, b Hunt Pilch, c Wright, b Hunt l2 Box, c Sampson, b Hunt N. Felix, Esq., c Sampson, b Hunt . 39 b Hunt C. 11. Hoare, Esq., c Gillott, b Wright ... c Hunt, b 0 Guy, c Samps b Skelton 2 b Wright Martingell, c Wright, b Hunt 9 not out A. Illynn, EFq, c Crookes, b Wright Clarke, not out 2 b Skelton ........ 0 Byes 11, lb 4, wide 2 l7 B 3 1b 2, wide 4... .. 9 Total 150 T0ta1......... 84 Total 104 Second Innings. not out ........... 1 b Wright ..... 26 c Gillutt, b Barker 1 run out ...... ..... 15 THE CALEDONIAN ASYLUM. Yesterday afternoon a quarterly general court of the subscribers to this institution was held at the Free masons' Tavern, Sir J. Heron Maxwell, Bart., presiding. More than u►ual interest was excited in consequence of a notice of motion which had been given at the last quarterly court by Mr. W. S. Campbell, which it was fully anticipated would revive the discussion between the Free Church party and those who still retain connexion with the Established Church of Scot land. The children, it appears, have been directed to attend the chards of each division into which the church is split, according to the decisions of accidental ma jorities at quarterly courts. Mr. Campbell's notice was that he would propose that on and after a certain day to be named the children should be directed to be taken to the Free Church in Regent-square. Both parties mustered in considerable force, but when Sir John Maxwell called upon Mr. Campbell to bring on his motion he was not presen►, and the whole matter tell to the ground. The Rev. Dr. Cumming denour.ced as most injurious to the charity the course which had been adopted, and contended that the chapel at Holloway was in all respects the best for the children to attend. The secretary t read the minutes of the di rectors' meetings. They stated that since the last quarterly court six bo3s and one girl had left the asylum. There were tour candidates from the last list whose votes would be carried forward to the next elec tion, and seven new applications for admission. Sir J. U. Meat ell was appointed treasurer in the room of Captain Lambert, and Sir George Clarke was elected a director in the place e f Mr. Macgregor, who had re signed. Some routine business was disposed of, and the Meeting separated. MEETING OF MIDDLESEX MAGIS TRATES. Yesterday was appoititcTru;:tfTe holding of a meeting of the magistrates of the county of Middlesex, at the Ses sions House, Clerkenwell, to transact general county bwineto, comprisiaig the reception and consideration of reports from committees, the ordering of payments by the treasurer, the consideration or motions arising out of the report of the committee on the county expenditure, &c. At the usual hour, twelve o'clock, Mr. Pownall, the chairman of the bench, took his seat, when five other magistrates only appeared on the bench. As the pre sence of twelve is indispensable to constitute a mutt on a " county day," the court was not opened, and after waiting half an hour, the limit prescribed by the standing orders, but one other magistrate entered the court, and the consequence was that at half-past twelve the chairman announced that no business would be proceeded with, and the consideration of the business in the parer was postponed for a fortnight. The magis trates present wers—the Chairman, Mr. Butch, Mr. Wilke, Mr. Antrobus, Mr. Russell, Mr. Arthur Smith, and Mr. Bluek. The four firs-mentioned Etended in official capacities; Mr. Retch, Mr. Wilke, and Mr. An trobus representing committees, and it was suggested, jocularly, by a magistrate present, that the names of the " non-official" magistrates in attendance, should be "emblem ,ned" on the walls of the hall; the fact of their atten'ance that day, when, owing to some unaccount able influence, there was such a scarcity of other " non official" magistrates, being deserving o f more t h an ordi nary mention. On Friday last, the court had to be ad journed because neither witnesses nor defendants were in attendance; yesterday a like course had to be adopted, and the public business postponed on account of the non attendance of magi: traces. NOVA hlonvE.—At the Royal Polytechnic Insti tutiou a naw mode of propulsion is now being demonstrated, which, under this title, consists of a series of carriages, car rying under them their own motor, in the form of a tube, which ii. flexible and air tight. This tube has a series of slide valves, entirely under the care of a guard, who, by levers, has perfect contr,l over his train. The application, which is very ingenious, and is the invention of a mechanic named Weston, who has patented it, is as follows :—Along the whole line of railway is fixed a pipe of any given dia meter, in connexion with which a series of pistons arc fixed between the rails, intended to receive the tube above men tioned in its passage, In these pistons are valves opening into the fixed pile, which is alwisys kept exhausted, so that when the train passes ov r the pistons the slide valves in the tube are opened by means of inclined planes communicating with levers. which levers are raised up in passing over them, the atmosphere then rushes through the tube to supply the vacuum, and the train is propelled. There are so many points in this invention that our space will not admit of a more detailed account of it, but as it is demonstrated daily at the Polytechnic Institution, and exhibited on a large working scale there, those interested in these matters can be informed fully by the inventor himself, who attends the model tor that purpose Tht invention, as we have before said, is by Mr. Weston, who, with several other practical mechanics (formed into a society called the " Inventors' Protection Society") has executed the above illustration, by which the inventor states an immense saving would be ac complished. COUNT KIELNIANSEGGE.—We regret to learn that continued illness has led to the departure from this country of his Excellency the Hanoverian Minister, who left the Hanoverian Legation a few days since, accompanied by Count Charles and George Kielmansegge, his brothers. ACCIDENT TO THE DIVING BELL AT BLACK FEIAEs-anwn E.—Yesterday (Thursday) morning, about 9 o'clock, au accident happened to the diving-bell-barge, by which the lives of the divers were placed in danger. It ap pears that at the time mentioned the divers were down in the bell fur the purpose of examining the foundation of the bridge, when a barge, which was on her way up the river, heavily laden with coal belonging to Mr. Eaton, of Brent ford, came in contact with the south-east pier of the fourth arch with such violence, that, in swinging round, her stern came in contact with the barge to which the diving-bell was attached, and so ♦iolent was the collision that it shook all on board, driving the barge away from its moorings through the arch. The men superintending the working of the bell, fearing that the lives of the divers were in danger, im mediately drew up the bell;with all possible speed ; the divers fortunately were found to be perfectly safe. The coal-barge, however, was taken in tow by the Locomotive steam-boat, and the barge being brought to her moorings, the bell was again sunk. SALE OF LANDS IN AYRSIIIRE.—At a sale of lands in Ayrshire, which took place in Messrs. Cay and Black's sale-rooms, George street, Edinburgh, on Friday, out of fourteen different lots, the following nine lots were sold A small piece of laud, and cottage and garden, at Low Bridge of Doon , was exposed at the upset price of 160/, and sold for 24N. The lands of Corrytinstock, in the palish of Alaybole —upset price, 7021. I4i. 74,1.—501 d for 7621. .14e. I. A Burns' s clatt small piece of land and cottage at Alloway Bridge of Doon —upset price 150/., sold for 415/. This lot was bought by p s h r e o c v u e s a to n d d ie a r d. off n Mo nument, ,Anut has s f D duneo on s b o r ae much wh to o a locality. This purchase will enable:hitn still further to or nament the grounds adjacent to the poet's monument. The lands of Gursehill and Loanfoot, in the parish of Coylton, upset price LC:a 2s. 2d., sold i0r:1,609/. 2a. 2d. The lands of Pettoch, in the parish of Coylton, sold at the upset price of 1,113/. Ls. 9d. The Linda of Drumwhill, in the same parish, sold at the upset price of 1,411/.Bs. 11d. The lands of Miljoau and Glengennet. in the parish of Barr, sold at the upset price of 5,3121. 16s. 9id. The lands of Knockizerrait and Lane-, in the parish of Dsilly , sold at the upset price of 6,846/. ls. Id. The lands of Cahoole, in the parish of Kirk. michael, upset price 4451, lbs. 4d., evld for 47 . 51, lb. 4d. OCTo . 1 I NODE