The Sun. — London, England, 1845-01-29 00:00:00

Manor, a pi ttui 7:77.•• • ption Chieflyfeetin of p or t ra i ts of the most emincut men of the p day. His p resent collection of pictures at pets the manor is already among th e l argest, if not the lar of modern date in this country, and it is constantly tieing extend e d . The new est m anner with c gallery will be fitted up in th e noir p reparing. Ile/larced oak an d polished marble, LONDON AND YORK RAILWAY. authority of the most eminent engineers of the day, that it will effect any saving of time—in fact, the distance gained is mostly, if not entirely, gained between London and Peterborough. In order to understand this part of the case clearly it should be viewed solely with reference to a direct communica tion between London and York, that is, irrespective of branches, regarding the main line from London to York on the one hand, and the direct extension of existing lines on the other. The direct line from London to York will be 188 miles. Its cost (of this main line alone), in the esti mation of the most eminent engineers, cannot be less than the whole of their assumed capital of 5,000,0001. The extension of the Northern and Eastern line from Cambridge to the York and North Midland at Monk Frysbone, will be 132 miles, the c os t 1,950,0001. It should be borne in mind that to complete the chain of railway communication between Ipswich, Harwich, Colchester, Stowmarket, Bury St. Ed mund's, Newmarket, and Cambridge, a line must be made from Cambridge to Peterborough ; whilst from the north, to give the desired communication between the manufacturing districts and Lincolnshire, a line must also be made from Bawtry to Lincoln ' • there would still be wanting a li ne f rom Li nco l n to Peter borough, to perfect the entire chain of railway com munication ; and that line must be made in order to accommodate the heart of Lincolnshire. Again I must refer your readers to the map; they will perceive at a glance that there must be one line of continuous railway from Bawtry, by Lincoln, through the heart of Lincolnshire, by Peterborough and Cambridge, to Lond m, and I am sure, if they are not Proprietors in the Witham Navigation, or unfor tunate Shareholders in the London and York, they will acknowledge that another new, expensive, and entirely competing line from Bawtry to London can not be justified on any ground of national importance, and cannot hold out any reasonable prospect of return to the Proprietors. The third point of inquiry in the memorandum issued by the Board of Trade is, as to the amount of advantage afforded to the towns and districts more immediately affected. If we take up the London and York line from its London terminus, and trace the route to Peterborough in connexion with other existing and projected lines, we find that the towns and districts which it would accommodate may be otherwise provided for at much less expense, and, consequently, to their much greater advantage Hitchin and Biggleswade may be accom modated by the Eastern Counties projected extension from Ware to those places; Bedford by the projected branch to that town from the London and Birming ham Railway; St. Neot's and Huntingdon by the projected line from Ely to Bedford, which will inter sect the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lincoln at St. Ives ; Peterborough, by the Cambridge and and Lincoln line ; proceeding northwards from Peter borough we find that Stamford will be accommodated by the Syston and Peterborough line, and the branch from the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lincoln, uniting it with its ancient natural port of Spalding; Newark, by the projected extension line from Not tingham to Lincoln, leaving Grantham the only place of any note which will not be accommodated by lines actually projected and now under the consideration of the Board of Trade ; surely no man in his senses Kill say that a parallel and competing line of railway from Bawtry to London is required for the accom modation of Grantham, which might be united by a branch to the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lin coln line. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—The Times of the 24th inst. contained an advertisement on the part of the London and York Railway Company directing the attention of its readers to a statement of the merits of their under taking to be published in Herapath's Railway Journal of Saturday last; that statement, as embodied in a leading article of the journal, headed London and York Railway, is now before the public, and deserves the most serious consideration on the part of those who have embarked their money in any one of the various projects for accelerating the communication between the metropolis and the north. lam surprised that the writer of the article in ques tion should have felt it difficult to enter on a matter of :;0 tai , eli importance as a new line of railway to York, when he was able to demonstrate so clearly as he has done the necessity which exists for a new line of railway, east of the existing lines, to accommodate the extensive and productive district lying to the north of Cambridge; his difficulty was not to demon strate the necessity for such new line of railway, hut to show that the project of the London and York was the one best adapted for the purpose ; this was the difficulty with which he had to grapple, and that he felt it to he no inconsiderable one is clear from the candid admission he afterwards makes, viz.—" We could have wished, and so we have repeatedly said in this journal, and to the promoters of the London and York line privately, that it had started from Cam bridge or Ware, and gone into the York and North Midland at Burton Salmon." I freely admit that a new line of railway to the east of the existing lines north of Cambridge is re quired, and I could wish, with the writer of the article in question, that it should start from Cambridge and go into the York and North Midland. I never could see why the new line should start from London and terminate at York—why an immense outlay of capi tal should be made and important existing interests be most deeply and injuriously affected, for objects which can be much better attained at less than halt the cost and without detriment to any interests ; it is a case which more than any other - demands the dispas sionate consideration of an impartial tribunal, and I am confident that no array of names, no extent of in fluence, no tact in getting up deputations or memo rials, will operate on the minds of the Railway Com missioners of the Board of Trade, or withdraw their attention from the real merits cf the case, and a just appreciation of the many important interests involved in it. In the memorandum issued by the Board of Trade to the public several points were enumerated as those into which inquiry would be made. It may not be unprofitable to your readers, at least to that portion of them who are interested in the question, to advert to those points, and to consider in how far the scheme of the London and York Company is calculated to satisfy the inquiries of the Board of Trade. The first point is as to the ability and bona fide in tention of the promoters to prosecute their application to Parliament in the next session fora Bill to autho rise the undertaking. I will assume, as I have no doubt is the case, that the ability and bona fide intention of the promoters of the Bill to prosecute their application to Parlia ment in the next session, is unquestionable. The second point is, as to the advantages to be ob tained in a national point of view, in completing or extending important lines of railway communication. The scheme of the London and York Company is neither the completion nor the extension of an im portant line of railway communication ; on the con trary, it involves the construction of 3.i0 miles of railway, wholly independent of; and to a great extent competing with, other existing lines, whilst, from the vast amount of capital whi c h must be expended in its construction, the number of tunnels, viaducts, high embankments, and deep cuttings, which are requisite to give it a gradient of one in 200, it cannot hold out any commensurate advantages to the public. In a national point of view, we may consider the scheme under three di-tinct heads :- 1. As a new and independent line from London to Peterborough. 2. As connecting the fertile districts of Lincoln. shire with the southern and eastern parts of the king dom, and with the manufactures and coal fields of the north and west. 3. As facilitating the communication between the iitetroplis and the north of England and Scotland. As a new line from London to Peterborough it is wholly unnecessary; no one can trace its route be een the London and Birmingham Railway on ti.e one side and the Northern and Eastern on the other, without involuntarily exclaiming, why did it not start from Cambridge ? It is evident from the nature of the country it will traverse, that it must be most ex pensive and difficult in its construction ; the first 30 miles from London will require an enormous outlay of capital, then it will pass through some of the finest garden land in England, and, after all, it will be a competing line with an existing and important rail way, which has the strongest and most unequivocal claims to the protection of the Board of Trade and of Parliament. In short, any one who takes a map of the country in his hand, and traces the proposed new line between London and Peterborough, must perceive that it is wholly uncalled for by local wants, and cannot be re garded otherwise than as a wanton interference with private property, and an unjustifiable invasion of the rights and interests of others, without affording any adequate advantages to the public. The promoters of the undertaking may disregard the wishes and the private remonstrances of individuals, but they cannot escape the control of public opinion and the calm and deliberate judgment of a competent and impartial tribunal. PL ANDEI 7 IBH - ir - AIL . (RECEIVED THIS DAY.) , BRUSSELS, JAN. 95.—The general discussion of n the ?nadget of' the Minister or the Interior has been co ssr t s i- . ~ned to -day i n the chamb er of Representatives. Me • and b4o,frachmidt,Verbsegen, anci the Ministers ofvcs. Finance 'llelle Works successively addressed the Chamber; the het of the sitting was taken up IPectin.g personal matters. with explanations re o_Tileir "Loyal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of laze Cobonrg will leave the Ito , n! Palace of T.ncken or Monday evening at six o'clock: by a SpkTial train, for Valenciennes, and arrive at Paris the following day. „Letters from Vienna, of the 18th January, say that ~13 rfighness Duke Ferdinand of Saxe Cobourg, brother i'.: t 2;e King of the Belgians, fatlur of the King of Poe i 84 0., who resides in this capital, has been for some dr_ . . es 1 #is ser onsly ill, and that even fears were entertained r le 't b . lif T"' la 0. xapresses have been sent to the sons of the .Ignst patient, at Pa ris and Lisbon ; Prince Leopold, .18 YoUngest son, is the only member of his family now iwith bi o. , It seeing that the traffic on the railway, which is in i e*titriltapiteedh,hy.,the falling of the earth in the Tunnel 0 •.n as expected. measures , w v lll . not be resumed so foods and Passen ger s b t , ~,a,ae been taken to convey t, tapalec.,cuaar means till the tunnel shall be cleared and ...Cosist r ,,, h --11Nons. j it.: 8 The negotiations relative twictrh_ettransit of En glish A le . tt:n; and passengers th a ro c u o e n h . ei'branare at length „ht to a conclusion, b y 114, 1 bae "ten Slehetnet Ali anti ?Jr. Bourne . ,. w hich . ma i i t itti to to th e ~ _,r office for ratification. London Post traei,transif tea een.,,t_ be in furce for five years from Slay-, 1845. ii'al'ug to.the c ondition s of this convection the con !).11/flish las-7Pt, founded by Alehemet Ali, and the be ing, on the one hand, the Egyptian b. e h: 4l ,h °- aL„ A ' ciLu e,,e on the other, the English Mail bags „'"'Lea b 8 :„ - '4 tor the sake of security, and accorne ‘-onve,ydb"'" o ffieer of the English Post office, and to b I. ,„ rot e Ale xf„,t,1:19 tgyptien Company, and at its expense, ", Alez,,,,""ria to Suez, in 58 hours, and from Suez ;about t„--,,-',"a in 52 ht; rs. Forty si t i it 0 7 R knell francs) are to be paid for every pound Egyptian piastre d s Pi ' toglish letters, and five paras for every news il l / t el lers ° t t OP ! , tian Post -office engages to forward tra ill 6° , a - ,, ° ,i u g,_ b ,e, B alicedily and safely as the means a • ta r o llk „ ~... snau permit. The latter to have the righ n t e , l itea tte 4 re q , 9 not with to go by the Egyptian Post-offi_ r bkareysaireni Alexandria to Cairo, to take any other . I,_ .9 f9pti tt , e p, they think proper ; but it is reserved to the ' t wee - Company to provide alone for the conveyance slaetvn Cairo and Sez. This monopoly which con stttletulAYiiicreases the expense of the travellers, Me 'e tray.it Il tnta to his corn mn only because he says detroseartt.h.eleeftoneroeunildniTst they one duly protected of. elle transit veyance bee., ett throu ' dtles onelYill giogohdts meet n w o i n th in the Nee ,g.a Lgypt is confided to the Post-office, , t hle i ti,,,,,ept, are reduced to one-half per cent. of the 11--111133ellrelittrtr°e1 3 Fr cent fixed by the English-Turkish „' w tleai r ,, a ii tttY in 1 843, a concession which shew s 6L ''' his po-tut"..c:r _hetnet Ali is to promote the advantage "41.11eed h.. inc reased but which will be nearly .ri) nereased charges for carriage. counter- Actual/71)T: 2/"%ui1318.-AusTE.DAm, Jas. 24. Money. Bills. , 64% itto 3 ' per Cent.... ... ••• • • 641, , n • bit to. • l'er Cent ..••••••• • • • • • • • • . 781 i •:: Dit to ' ; Der Cent..• . ..... • .. ...... .. 9334 '3' 4,,,,,rt per Cent.. ..... .. •.. ....... 99% 100 Ditto )311191e' 4 % Der Cent ......... 99% I°% Coria, ie :, 0 Per cent.... • • ..... .• ceh,..katt tudcaLeoraPany, 4% per Cent . • 147% 147% ~,1ea....-uan. per Cent— •••• . • • • ____ 20 . .111,knrnelonn, one tnonth ..... • 1 1 .! 15 ~.-kt alah°t..th..':: :::::-. - - Hamburgh...... c.p:zuis-...... ....,,,,,,.. , • • • • ..... • • • • "4 Dap% 'two mont n . . . , , Jan. 25. •• " " 5 'ITSTRIAIi F •• Der c ent ,41 ITND s.-vissN A , JAN. 21. • 4 Per c e „ t • ' etalueues.....• ... ....... It i% p„,. et _ • (1!tt o . • • .... .. .. .. •• • • .... lot % L eto 1844 aat0........... ..... ........ 78 L to t 1839............... .................... 7 h$ y e a ............... .... ••• . .. 1624 .w,.ne z tt "Y a Loitn .. ..... .. ___ .... tAnig, Jan. 24. ..... • ... .... cstj4QTA Actk al ic , N. FIYNI)B.-riarSSEL$ Jew. 25. L oito. of 11;3 Loan, Five hottisewilt' 2 % Per cent ......'..... per cent ........ - bitt„„, ttY Millons, Four per Cent .. • • 98 % b ate; Ditto ~„.ee Per Cent. ..... .......... Ditto ,tift37-seven Millions, ditto ..... . 77% .itto, 1840. .... ... ..... ........ 103% DittDitto 4 0,1842.... •• . ....... .... • ... 102% o 1 the City. 1843 . ..... .. • . ...... 103 ` , t rek , t a . 832 ....... RI Pap,,°rll,ekintn ••• • " r 'ea. 27 . ..... - " • • ' • ' 1' ea , • fit. s ell N PITXDB . - -13111iLI N , JAN. 21. k i' '' l3 4. E ld B ' ll, a% D C "ti l t, -/ eh aglish 3i Per ..... •... tot , ,ti 99% Bin.. Money Ira q pi , J e op London 2 ,40 1 4 per Cent.. _ . -.ali en a J a noil .....•• • 6 24 Xj Azette . 22. P t o *Zit kat. tstS'teet i ,,,°ra all 4°l' EtatoPE.---Alr. 1V .id, of the Strati, Y with 4,,ZllErs owe a dt•bt of gratitude for tli t e att. s l l) ,,,lllili e , lti 1 h routes are laid down in his au. i'cl Re, "erripe"s' has just sent forth a p-st mar , of '',., stie,,tP wi th . ° 4 a large B.llle, Leamifull) engraved, with t mis lol „,, mich carp, that reliance can be put upon , tife ty. is ala ti bearings calculated with ease and !he 44'1111 di s c i /30 Posts, roads, railways, packet routes, ti.:earobEr a,•actly marked and laid down, and though 411161. ' t ees and tt. this tb e, Of - ...e number of names are almost it kt all eo f 3 ". are so well defined end so clearly set 4 ts, t 1) before'l !talon is avoided. The inquirer, with tiff:t.sulltevottli-,,0, bitnl,o.san plainly trace any road he may elltti ll , I ibPare rah '!lcb he may design to travel upon. , ~*li.t is ative distances, and form a just no ef ft of at Places , best route for his progress. The tliilkicieolll,ll.--°,ot.?? importance stand - out - in bold re tie Pe pe tse pE;ititners of less conseqeer,ce, t i at are cora 1 " 8 nf the great cities and towns of and thus at il ttil t , ees ait t oductZ i adecl by the eye. The meridian lines uv'evei.l4l•Y ba sks 41 . 3 c 1 the map is, therefore, free from I N ,. kark ett a In the surface ; the degrees are, 'aditi tli b °a the sides, se that the longitudinal Po ...z. earings may easily be calculated, if it be tl,4llkkow 14'el. v t k l ivy 0 11 101 4. Es ale .aun e i t , ."--The Lords of the Committee of i,ti p m , re or T.rade having had under considers. 122,4,as ..f 0 eatations addressed to them and to the ,:ttit t4 Pos t e 80;1.111:3' from the importers of Vegetables 14. N 'lt 07, k coatiiii)lekling them for home conuption, t , ,,,,, ,i . s ew , uance of the duty of 5/. per cent. ad vk li : . 4 1p s a l t vegetableS 110 t otherwise enumerated, 2,, on, knd w Iltl t kith-4 pipiti t.er, or slightly salted for the 1 4 Ait °Ned glee in this country, their Lordships 4 *t t tetlp th e (t o . . , er4,.plki etio t , of ,1 • nartussioners of the Customs to tp:itlp Itlg With "my on pickles preserved in vinegar, 1 0 1 . 1 , e ,0f th e ~t , . that made last session on the im- Olt thr INN,' ti ele of vinegar itself, v:z., from is. 6d. a„Ptrite,'o 4 ny e h 4l4 l to levy upon vegetables preserved %,,,N t e t, ed,;,„lrged on cucumbersio reserved, viz , 4. ) ,, 14 tt pa tile iy`ereat. These ap licatiPons have been I,lti °Nat e4sntY and Board P of Trade in eon- N l l ls ehl44 tioeol,4tti.der issued by the Customs authorities Ipis!Nettatbctl witilillt cauliflowers in salt and water were 4 A 4 Oth le ° so i tit / as " pickles" per gallon, and Ip ti tlN i *Nig, InPorted to be chard. ed accordingly, k,lsrit k •tated, 8„,4, .g ch ile,, e '0 the `' ,. .10 so 41.. as citron, cucumbers . , &c., kl`kkttiel,.l3raetioc, "(11Strued in their regard in op lel a al 4 ou,,_. PreVioUsly observed with respect j iv o p h. 8 4 /4 g,vauo, ilLhll,7l,l,lLreftla4cltitrAltir Fort IRELAND --Viscount ,c„.-,,,p1bi.„., oflerleotSee.re,taryship of Ireland, on the - I I, tl test j • wls.nng to plunge Liverpool in IRELAND.-- b tat. At t,..,... fps no w 6 1 , ,1t ,tii4(ti tti 4 ti . ,, s,tlid, with every semblance It ,at ad teat app oint n• Sir Thomas Promantl,-- hr:.s 44:14iti a t Ith e Il leAt 1). 84' It ola.rt Pel. 11 e N t l e t kii titl 4 4 4 e xpress was forw rd d t Sir Robe t qt,ll:l\s° thnketle, List evening, fro na ° Sir Thomas , 419 p_44l it eee t t few hours will set at rest all specu. vitib ape?. ptia g of the Irish Secretaryship.- 114.eNe4 li t 4 to te its, lad , D0c..... c, ki lt elp ti .quabie bland oaturday last, a fine I‘4,IANI t 4. 'ag t o la og, of the Newfoundland kti/1° pitll6calli' by dr7l:. Floyd, solicitor, Holmfirth, 0,414 biltetipa,ek uf i ts %_'lling, itself in the river which cZeilop o lhe ttrii,..?sivil r s habitation. For some Tl'iattif.'46 Patti e sZ seemed less animated than Tt Il k lis 1144 th e w ar °ccasion he was noticed to , !szt pa, tall, ter and eedeer(, is‘VlNbitt trot th ' I4e ss of the 1p ur to sink by e str e . le gs and feet. Being SNI 4 1, 4 1 40 coo Bain, the dog was tied up for a qa, kif ~.),,,Iviit,,,, ..!_iheen .released than he again ItiZeV.,p,r.t 4ein Thi.'"iLleuttgain tried to sink, and was ; Il i litkr!ll Viio:,:ie rred many times, until at itt4,l4/11:t odo r ° Y dint ot,P,!ated efforts appeared to get kt is a t„, ."elni,g his head determinedly .. lh.t N A j! et, f.w. talnutes succeeded at last in o NI,: ";_. 11, caserAllen taken out tl •he • I , r ti „" ti„ is as 't4:l(ti `".../. ' gatie,, ,worth recording, as affording 111 4 ,,, eeri, /74 ,;1! sheet and bagacity of the ij"' To 1,11 c',igencer. kt ki ,tit pori_ II LA.s.r 1...._8* t4` i !et e ! Ij. ''ses to a . • ir James Graham's 'l4 'Ar e •sl, ' ttee t i oo „ PPOlnt a " Council Of Health tp s _ll t ties l'ltit,t)!ir t rot , ‘ , tb consist of the folloaing 1 AttittaalNitted; It'gißnd, four fro rn Scotland, 'tilellts'lti 40:7114veritihe.tit arnalraev°in!,olEven this most could I.: i ik ilci ll . i ll zi Sp, 111tY for Irela e.nt and gr i,kl,_ 4 ~- i ttel, tehl S e h o, 1 , Pa. Becaus e we have , i, -s t i , J L 1,,h • • ' winch stand in European itt t iese countries, lot ,a pi, tap oe , er then any . I 'llt,,Nttiii ( Vei l (x! t"naher letsslaiinotihe Council than I.'kte-ittkiikels% iog;eatlatid i. f!lN))tat,'lta forrir!itY hose Ministe;leh'343; Iiii"i:11. lit t'it 1 ! Y•- ttiA! -.Dublin Pilot. a tpt I‘,. ) iy i ,,' : - , t t To 4ILLEGEI) Vi 44'44:04 ~,,,uat ti r., ar ses a ,•,... • . oLIaNcE AT h,, 63% y et cti a s l ok -tirtFr, th e ~,,,ig inquir took place ~,.! h, Nth g the 4.,(*Ster I,llv ~oroner fortas Surrey-, lt‘ l' I, , ‘vi l . mea t h n ern, .On-ro w N '' k l ., s , e ri f tilt l e:l ll l l l l4 vitivia ° ti l i t wwaos aTitergaar.et 4,(!nefs, a'getlefilfitlyg vili,),, ulitt:,topelitt is gel:to: cl iil di ed srteorca.violeAlee lottill..,,tlllii Q.,:,iittritteted...„,the shine II -/ evidence- * adduce d e As t :! 1 47' Ni,,N eair Lambeth Policeeourt,on, of v• 111 40 de Worth. Ftl kr. Barn !de„,"ltntil or ii;:kd tht.°4l, Ote 'f the ard BL9dady, of , 0 tht a m 4 , et 4, .L0dy.dt....., b ad 1111 e p a aro o , • , ti t i 1 t u r .. kr 'R- 4 v 'llt 44 0 4 P d ti ng the 1119 re w ere no oct 13 ' 1 14°1. em fir}4l)g lic e tkt ditkrititl4, tll'`ilp ari li f f r it ic t s i cif a recent belr i n s a ter i . na rl l a It.irlT ~ttkiejtr3,l4.,....,e4brs,,ii,, 41nichuf lymph and water ~let,, t ~.. . ••,.., ad r .. w4s the result of •411...;01\otql'ae R ota ' ~ t all attributable to any ‘t alt ttlue,!amresth :kitekv 15' the brain tnight arise ki.:all, Lao* it.elti tiotullrt*, The jury returned a 444.011t.e1rq• the fo:l4astpdy 7. 0 1 eauses.” L. tt, 1)014.°P of th, s r ,t.b.o supposed mu rder s ituat e ien",,,t) ,1 t* , :r the gene `l"llP'l'Place, Great The loop from Bawtry by Gainsborough, Lincoln, Boston, and Spalding, to Peterborough on the one hand, and to Sheffield and Wakefield on the other, is designed to connect Lincolnshire with the manufac turing and mineral districts. The writer in the Journal in reference to this loop says—" Its great merit appears to be, that it furnishes a direct commu nication north and south for the chief towns of Lin colnshire, and at the same time affords them the means of sending their produce to the largest markets, and furnishes an outlet for the extensive manufactur ing districts through and to which the Manchester and Leeds, and Sheffield and Manchester Railways go; we look, therefore, upon the line, without the loop, to be an imperfect work, and but very indiffe rently filling up the great chasm left, or we may rather say made, by the establishment of the present railways." ••• • • 35 81 56 Thal the line, without the loop, would be imper fect, every one must admit—whether the loop will give the most direct and the cheapest communica tion between Lincolnshire and the Manchester and Sheffield and Manchester and Leeds Railways, and whether it will aflbrd that accommodation to the traf fic between Lincolnshire and the manufacturing and mineral districts which its great imporance demands, are questions of serious moiLent, and it behoves those who have embarked theic money in the London and York scheme to ponder them well. Facts and figures are stubborn things. As I have before stated, the London and York Company, with a view to connect the manufacturing districts with Lincolnshire, propose to make the following branch railways, viz.— . From Bawtry to Sheffield . From Doncaster to Wakefield l9 mi'es. From the Wakefield branch into the York and North Midland,to communicate with Leeds . . 4 miles. '••••••• 610 43 miles The Midlands attain the same object by two short branches into existing lines, one from Doncaster to Swinton.... 8 miles The other from the North Midland into the Manches ter and Leeds . 4 miles 12 miles 31 miles. thus affecting a saving of 31 miles of railway without materially, if at all, increasing the distance to be traversed. But this is not all—a single line of rails between Lincoln, by Boston and Spalding, to Peterborough, will not be sufficient for the traffic which, if it be the only line through Lincolnshire, must come upon it. The through traffic from Gainsborough and Lincoln, as well as that from the fertile and populous district of country to the north and south of the Witham, would have no other outlet to the southern parts of the king. dom, and persons going to and from London would be taken round by Boston and Spalding; whilst, after all, the heart of the country, the district along which its population is chiefly collected, would derive no advantage whatever from the line. Of the two principal towns on the route between London and York, Cambridge and Lincoln, one is wholly disregarded, and the other hut very imper fectly accommodated, by the proposed scheme of the London and York Company. Cambridge, including its University, containing 29,000 inhabitants, but the population of Cambridge gives a most inadequate idea of the passenger traffic of the place; it is the fre quent resort of visitors from all parts of the kingdom, anti three-fourths of the members of the University being from the northern parts of the kingdom it has especial claims to the most direct and the cheapest lines of railway communication with the north. This important town and University are altogether disre garded by the London and York Company, and with respect to Lincoln, the advantages to be conferred, are of a very secondary kind—a circuitous communi cation with the metropolis, and by a single line of rails to Peterborough, crossing the important drains and navigations which intersect the fen lends at right angles, and affording no communication with, or ac commodation to, Deeping, Bourn, Folkingham, Slea ford, and the numerous and populi us villages which occupy the margin or table land which separates the high ground on the west of Lincolnshire from the fen n the east. As a means of connecting the fertile districts of Lincolnshire with the southern and eastern ports of the kingdom, and with the manufactures and the coal fields of the north and west, the London and York line is badly conceived, and cannot stand in com parison with other projects fer attaining the same objects. It wholly disregards Cambridge, the most important and populous town between London and York, which has always been the centre of traffic for all the sur rounding districts, and ought to be on the direct line of any railway communication between the metro polis and the north, and between the fertile plains of Lincoln and the parts of Ipswich and Harwich; moreover, in a national and commercial point of view, the metropolitan terminus of the London and York line will be in no respect equal to the termini of the Eastern Counties Railway. The Tottenham and Farringdon-street Junction will afford the most cen tral and convenient terminus in London, its well for passengers as f or th e t ra ffi c o f th e agricuitur.l coun ties, whilst the Thames Junction Railway and the ex tension of it to the river side, opposite Woolwich, " will afford to the Government the terminus of a rail way placed practically at the doors of Woolwich Arsenal ;" in addition to which a junction could be readily effected between the Eastern Counties and Blackwall Railways, so as to connect the manufactur ing districts with th e docks. As regards the commun i ca ti on b etween Lincoln shire and the manufacturing districts and coal fields of the north, the promoters of the London and Yoi k Company have entered into a conditional agreement to buy up the With am N av i gat i on, an d to construct singlea line of railway along the banks of the river Witham, from Lincoln to Boston, and from Boston across the fen land, through Spalding, to Peterbo rough; from Lincoln by Gainsborough, Bawtry, and Donca-ter, the line is common both to the London and York and the Midlands; but to communicate with the manufacturing districts and coal fields the London and York propose to make a branch from Bawtry to Sheffield of twenty miles, another from Doncaster to Wakefield of nineteen miles, and a third of four miles branching out of the Wakefield branch into the York and North Midland, to communicate with Leeds—in all forty-three miles of railway; whilst - the Midlands propose to attain the same objects by a branch of eight miles from Doncaster to Swin ton, and another of near four miles from the North Midland to the Manchester and Leeds—in all twelve miles of railway. I am most anxious to avoid any mis-statement, or o rive rise to any misconception on this most impor tant subject, but I ask your readers, who are inte rested, to refer to the published plans of the Company and to judge far themselves. 1 maintain that a single line of rails carried transversely across Lincolnshire, from Lincoln to Boston, and thence by Spalding to Peterborough, will not meet the wants, or accommo date the traffic, of that most fertile and productive county; and that the proposed communication by the London and York lines with the manufacturing and mineral districts will be unnecessarily expensive, and consequently disadvantageous to the community at large. Neither the Board cf Trade nor the Houses o . f Parliament c a n disregard these considerations, for It there is one principle more than another which, in a national point of view, should govern their decisions in respect of comp e ti n g lines of railway, it is that the most direct an d l eas t ex p en sive line, in connexion with existing interests, should be preferred. As facilit a ti ng the communication between London and the n or th of England and Scotland, I admit at once that the London and York scheme will-save. eight or nine miles in the entire distance over any route which can be laid down as an extension of the Northern and gaatern line; but I deny, on the I will reserve any remarks on the engineering cir cumst tnces of the line, and the cos t o f construction and et traffic, and of working expenses, which cora ' prise the rmnaining points of inquiry to be made by the lit and of 'Trade, until the public has been fa voured with the promised observations on the charac ter and works of the London and York Railway. It is nutter of notoriety that these works are of no ordinary character, and I shrewdly suspect that the author of the article in the Journal " who could have wished that the line had started from Cambridge or Ware, and gone into the York and North Midland at Burton Salmon," and yet tells us " that he does not see how under any circumstances it can be mended," will not be grievously disappointed if the publication of the report of the Board of Trade on the Northern and Eastern lines, in the course of the present week, should relieve - him from the further prosecution of the difficult task he has undertaken. I have seen and read the memorial of the promoters of the Cambridge and Lincoln Railway to the Board of Trade, and the documents which accompanied it, and I shall be glad to see them printed and submitted to the test of public opinion, from a firm conviction that they embody the strongest case which can be laid before Parliament. The Cambridge and Lincoln line does start from Cambridge ; it is the extension of an important line of railway communication, one that was contemplated by the Legislature when the Act for making the Northern and Eastern Railway was obtained; that Act, the 6 and 7 William IV., cap. 93, is thus entitled " An Act for making a Railway to form a communication between London and Cam bridge, with the view of its being extended hereafter to the northern and eastern counties of England." It is not my intention, on this occasion, to set forth the merits of the Cambridge and Lincoln line, or the deep and lasting injury which the carrying out of the London and York scheme would inflict on the Eastern Counties propri e t ary ; I w i ll merely observe that the Cambridge and Lincoln line is the natural trunk line for the district it will traverse ; that it will form part of -a complete chain of railway -coin munication between London and York, much shorter, in point of time, than by the existing railways, and atterding the greatest amount of public accommoda tion with the least expenditure of capital; that whether TFIE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 29, 1 viewed as an extension of the Northern and Eastern Rai!way, or as a natural and proper line whereby the Northern, Midland, and Eastern Counties may be connected with each other, or as forming a connecting link between the various railways, of which Cam bridge, St. Ives, Peterborough, and Lincoln will be the respective centres, or as part of a cheap and in dependent line of railway between the metropolis and the north, or as connecting the ports of the eastern coasts and the metropolis with the markets, manu factures, and coal-fields of the north, it presents, from its non-interferenc e with existing interests, and the small cost at which, from the nature of the district traversed, it may be made, maintained, and worked, advantages of paramount national importance, and will afford a greater amount of public accommoda tion, for the outlay of capital, than any existing or projected railway. It has, moreover, the cordial sup port of the Eastern Counties and Midland Companies, who see in it the direct and cheap extension of their own important lines of rail way communication, and who have mutually entered into an arrangement with the promoters of the Cambridge and Lincoln line, which, whilst in every other respect it leaves each company perfectly free and independent, provides in the most complete manner for the regulation and for speedy and cheap transit of the traffic over the entire line from London to York. The time occupied in the journey from London to York, including stoppages, will not exceed seven hours, and the cost of transit will he less than by any railway which can be con structed between the same termini.--I am, Sir, your obedient se rvan t , OBSERVER. Jan. 27, 1 8 4,5 . THE ROYAL NAVY. HER MAJESTY'S SHIP ALBION. (From the Morning Poa.) We are enabled to give the most unqualified contra diction to the gross misrepresentations that have been made respecting this ship by the Morning Herald and one or two other publications. The following official report of her various capabilities, signed by her captain, commander, master, and carpenter, is a perfect refutation to the calumnious statements put forth by these papers against her.— HER MAJESTY'S SHIP ALBION. A report of the sailing and other qualities of this ship, ascertained under various circumstances, and from strict observations, between the Ist of January, 1844, and the 31st of December, 1844. The draught of water which was estimated by the constructor to be her best trim?—Forward 23 ft. Aft 24 ft. The draught of water found on trial to be her best sailing trim, with three mouths' provisions and stores on board ?—Forward... 23 ft. Aft ...... 24 ft. 2 in. The draught of water found on trial to he her best sailing trim, with as much provision on board as she can conveniently stow ?—Forward... 23 ft. 5 in. Aft 24 ft. 7 in. The rake of her masts from a perpendicular ? Foremast....,. in. in a fathom. Alaininast 11 1 ditto. Atztnrnast ... 11 ditto. The necessary quantity of iron ballast for her ? Thirty tons. The quantity of water she stows in her fore and main holds ?-396 tons in iron tanks. 18 tons in casks. CO UIRT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, TuzsDAY.--The Queen and Prince Albert took their usual early walk in the grounds adjoining the Castle and in the Home Park this morning. On the return of her Majesty and the Prince his Royal Highness left the Castle on a shooting excurson in the royal preserves, accompanied by the Marquis of Douro, and attended by Mr. Anson, Colonel Bouverie, and Captain Meynell. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, were taken for walking and pony exercise this morning. His Royal Highness Prince Alfred has also been taken an airing to- day. The Right Hon. Sir R. Peel left the Castle early this mornin g f or t own , an d returned this evening to dinner. 414 Her draught of water with three months' provisions and stores on board ?—Forward 23 ft. Aft Height of ports with three months' provisions and stores on board ?—Midship port, 6 ft. 9i in. Draught of water with as much provisions and stores on board as she can conveniently stow ?-110rward 23 ft. 5 in. ; Aft 24 ft. 7 in. Height of ports, with as much provisions and stores on board as she can conveniently stow ?—Midship port, 6 ft. 6 in. How many days of the following articles can she con veniently stow for her complement of men ? Provisions 6 months. Spirits Water Coals 8 ditto How armed ?—On lower deck 28 guns, 32-pounders, 56 cwt., 9 ft. 6 in. in length ' • and 4 guns, 68-p oun d ers , 65 cwt., 9 f ee t i n length. Main deek, 26 guns, 32- pounders, 56 cwt., 9 ft. 6 in., and 6 guns, 68-pounders, 65 cwt., 9 feet. Q uarter d eck, 16 guns, 32 pounders, 42 cwt., 8 ft. 6 in. ; and 2 guns, 68-pounders, 56 cwt., 8 feet. Forecastle, 8 guns, 32-pounders, 42 cwt., 8 ft. 6 in. Does she ride easy at her anchors ?—Very easy. Inclination of the ship ?—Under storm stay-sails or try-sails, 3 degrees ; under storm stay-sails and main topsail, 3 degrees ; under storm stay-sails and reefed fore-sail, 3i degrees ; under close-reefed topsails and courses, 4 degrees ; under treble-reefed topsails and courses, 4 degrees ; under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 4 to 5 degrees ; under all sail except royals, 31 to 4 degrees ; under all sail when just able to carry royals, 3 degrees. How does she carry her lee ports?—Very well. Does she roll easy or uneasy in the trough of the sea? She rolls quick, not uneasy. Does she pitch easy?--Very easy indeed. Is she, generally speaking, an easy or uneasy ship ? Easy, though quick in her motions. How does she generally carry her helm by the wind, with all sail set, with treble-reefed top-sails and courses? —One-half to three-quarters and one turn aweathcr. How does she steer off the wind?—Withthree months' provisions very easy. How does she stay ?—Like a cutter. How does she wear?—Very quick. Is she weatherly or leewardly, compared with other ships in moderate weather?—Very weatherly. Is she weatherly or leewardly, compared with other ships in a gale?—The same. How does she behave lying to?—Very well. She has run by the log with as much wind as she could carry the following sail to : Close hauled with smooth water, under whole or single reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 8 knots 6 fathoms; under double -reefed topsails, 10 knots 2 fathoms; close hauled, with a head sea, under double -reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 7 knots 4 fathoms ; wind abeam, under treble-reefed topsails and courses, 12 knots 4 fathoms ; under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 13 knots; in moderate weather, unable to carry royals, 11 knots 2 fathoms; in moderate weather, with all sail set, 11 knots 6 fathoms; wind on the quarter, in a gale, 12 knots; in moderate weather, with royals and studding sails, 10 knots ; before the wind, in a gale, 11 knots ; in moderate weather, with all sail set, 10 knots 6 fathoms. The Marquis of Ormonde has relieved Viscount Sydney from his duties as the Lord in Waiting on the Queen, and Major-General Sir Frederic Stovin has succeeded the Hon. Nelson Hood as the Groom in Waiting on her Majesty. In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Albert walked out for some time. The Marquis and Marchioness of Douro, Lady Peel, the Hon. Amelia Murray, and Lucy Kerr, took an airing in a carriage and four this afternoon. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady Fanny Iloward, and the Countess Wratislaw, joined the royal circle at dinner. The band of the Royal Horse Guards wa3 in attendance during dinner. Her Majesty's private band afterwards attended at the Castle. The Chairman of the South Sea Company and the Deputy Chairmen, Messrs. Franks and Buuverie, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official residence in Downing -street. Mr. Roebuck, M.P., had an interview with Lord Stanley yesterday, at the Colonial-office. Sir Robert Peel arrived in town yesterday, from Windsor Castle. Sir Thomas Fremantle, the Earl of Dalhousie, the Right Hon. H. L. Corry, and the Hon. Sidney Herbert, had interviews with the Right Hon. Baronet. In the afternoon Sir R. Peel left town, on his return to Windsor Castle. Mr. Wickham, Chairman of the Stamps and Taxes, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Ex chequer yesterday. Captain Boldero, M.P., also had an interview with the Right Hon. Gentleman. Dispatches from the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. LORD JOHN RUSSELL ON THE TAXING OF MACHINERY. At a large meeting of the Spitalfields Weavers' Union last week, an interesting correspondenc e between the sawyers of Oldham and Lord John Russell was read by Mr. Sherrard, secretary of the Weavers' Union. The sawyers' letter, dated September 17. 1844, refers to his Lordship's memorable speech at the close of last session as a ju:tification of the liberty of addressing him on the subject of tlwir grievance, with a view of sobriting his advice. The following is his Lordship's reply : " Unsted Wood, Gotialming, Sept. 24, 1844. " Gentlemen,—l beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, si g ned by your secr e t ar y, o f t h e 17 t h i nstant. I wish I could bring my opinions to some accordance with your own, but I fear that it is impossible. While you seek to put fresh restrictions on the skill and inge nuity of mechanical inventions, it will not be in my power to assist your endeavours for the benefit of the sawyers. If I were to do so, I could not stop with your trade. Nailmakere are in a similar situation, owing to the new machinery for the manufacture of nails ; other artisans and agricult ura l l a b ourers will pray for te like interference, to prevent the use of new machines which interfere with manual labour. " Now, my belief is, that those inventions tend to the improvement of our condition as a people, and enable us to support the great weight of taxation to which we are subjected. Ever since I hare known this country machinery has been in progress towards perfection, per forming more and more the task of human hands, and, at the same time, a great number of people have found profitable employment. " I know, and I deplore, that while this progress is going on, many a workman loses the wages which skill and experience have enabled him to gain. But, instead of the perilous course of laying duties on machinery, which would soon enable foreign nations to outstrip us in the score of competiti on , I am of op i n i on t h at we ought to give greater freedom to trade, and, if possible, so extend the demand for labour, that our population, greatly increased as i t i s, may obtain a good price for their day's work. " I do not mean to pronounce any opinion on the late tariff, so far as regards timber. If the sawyers of this country are subject to unfair competition, they have a a cause for redress so far as colonial timber is concerned. —I remain, your most obedient servant, " " J. RUSSELL. Mr. Samuel Eastho pe, White Lion, Oldham." How does she scud in a heavy gale?—Very well. What is her best point of sailing?—Wind abeam. Comparative rate of sailing with other ships?—Very superior. Is she, generally speaking, a well-built and strong ship, or does sh e s h ow any symptoms of weakness?— Very strong. Has the ship been ashore, or has she struck the ground, at any time during the period of this report ? If she has, mention the time and place, and the date of the report of the circumstance, and to whom made ? No. NICHOLAS LOCKYER, Captain. W. W. CHAMBERS, Commander. S. G. J. NORTCOTE, Master. W. SEWELL, Carpenter. Dated Jan. 1, 1845. ROYAL MARINES. Woomica, JAN. 28.—A general court-martial, com posed of the following members:—Colonel Mercer, Royal Marines, President; Lieut. -Colonel Powell, Royal Marines; Major Andrews and Major Armstrong, Royal Artillery; Captain Phillips, Royal Marines; Captain Dupuis, Captain Grant, and Captain Frazer, Royal Horse Artillery ; Lieut. M`Killop, Lieut. Congdeu, Lieut. Fraser, Lieut. Marriott, and Lieut. Louis, Royal Marines, assembled at eleven o'clock Aatt. to-day, in the officers' mess-room of the Royal Marines, in the west square of the Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich; Lieut. and Adjutant Varlo officiating as Deputy Judge- Advocate. On the opening of the court, the following charges were preferred against Sergeant Zechariah Baker 36th company of the Royal Marines:— First Charge—For disgraceful conduct in having, at Woolwich, between the let of November, 1844, and the Bth of January, 1845, embezzled or fraudulently misapplied, or caused or suffered to be embezzled or fraudulently misapplied, certain sums of public money, as hereinafter stated, intrusted to his care, for distribu tion in payment, or to be otherwise accounted for by him in his capacity as pay-sergeant of the second grand di vision, or third an d f ourt h parade companies of the Woolwich division of Royal Marines, and for which the said sergeant was receiving a pecuniary allowance from Government, in addition to his military pay, the said sums of money being more or less as follows :- 1. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of third parade company for December, 1844, 9L 4s. lid. 2. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the fourth parade company for December, 1844, 121. 9s. 3d. 3. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the third pa • rade company from the Ist to the 7th of January, 1845, inclusive, 81. I ls. op. 4. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the fourth parade company from the Ist to the 7th of January, 1845, inclusive, 81. Is. 44d. 5. By arrears overdrawn for Dec., 1844, 1/. 12s. 7kd. 6. By cash received from Sergeant William Johnson, of 36 M company, on account of division, and not re turned to paymaster, 1/. los. 7. By amount of stoppages supplied between the 30th of November, 1844, and the Bth of January, 1845, 12L 6s. 1 lid. 8. By cash received from private Philip Dailey, 32d company, and private John Hicks, 24th company, for the purchase of slope and not accounted for, 21 19s. Zid. 9. By cash received from private John Clark, 28th company, for slops issued to him, and the amount nut credited to the quarter-master, 11. 15s. ld. Second Chat ge—For having, at Woolwich, on or about the 7th of January, 1845, when the accounts of the second grand division were called for by the Paymaster, absented himself from his duty without leave, and con tinued to be so absent until on or about the lOth of the same month, when he re appeared and was placed in confinement. The whole of the witnesses were examined to-day, but it would be premature to give the proceedings until the decision of the Court is promulgated in orders. EXPLOSION OF A LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE—THREE LIVES LOST. MANCHESTER, TUESDAY MORNING.—This morning a most serious accident occurred on the Manchester and Leeds Railway, by which three unfortunate men lost their lives, and four others were seriously wounded. The extraordinary state of confttsion which now exists on the line precludes the possibility of obtaining the whole of the particulars, but the following account will be found correct : At an early hour this morning the engineer and fire man attached to the Irk engine proceeded to the engine shed, about a mile from the station, at Hunt's Bank, and commenced getting it in readiness to take the quarter to seven a.m. train to Leeds. The fireman put on his fires about half -past four A.M., and in about an hour the steam was up, or nearly so. The engineer then went under the engine to examine the working parts, and the fireman to oil them. They bad not been there long before the accident occurred. Exactly as the clock struck six a tremendous explosion was heard by several men on the premises, and unmediately an alarm was given. Mr. Craven, the resident inspector of the works, on proceeding to the works, found that the explosion bad killed three of his work men, and injured four others , and done much damage to the building. He thu s describes the whole affair:—The engine to which this accident has happened was to have taken out the quarter before seven train to Leeds, and was in course of preparation for that purpose. The engineer and fireman were both under it ut the time of the accident, examining the works. The roof of the tirebox seems to have given way, and the steam rushing against the ground blew the engine through the roof of tie shed, which is nearly sixty feet high, carrying with it more than twenty yards of the roof, and distributing the fragments in all directions for upwards of one hun dred yards distance. At the moment of the explosibn the tender seems to have become detached from the engine, and was turned over on its side, but was not materially injured. The engine was on the middle line of rails, in the shed where the men were at work, with the firebox towards Manchester ; but when it alighted it was completely turned round, and on the outsi,le rails, at a distance of twenty yards from the place it was first standing. In its way it passed over another engine, carrying with it the chimney, whistle, and domes. The poor fellows who were at work under the engine were dreadfully muti lated, both bei ng severe l y crus hed and burn e d to a cinder —their heads and b ra i ns b e ing completely cr us h e d to a jelly. The i ns p ec t or was a l s o much di s fi gured, and killed on the s p o t. - Th e na mes of the suf f erers are George Mills, e ng i neer ; Allcock, fir eman William Stone, i ns p ec t or . J a mes Neilson, John W/'ain wright, John Hall, and another, aro seriously injured. The engine was built by Mr. William Fairbairn, of this town, and was first set to work in January, 1840, since which time it h as t rave ll e d a di s tance of 76,8 60 miles. It cost 1,4301., and was cons id ere d a first-rate eng i ne. The damage done to th e eng i ne will not exce e d 250/. At the present mo men t th e va l ves are in good wor ki ©g con dition, and one of th em i s p ro tected from being tampered with by any of the servants, being shut up in a box con structed for that purpose. There is at present no possible means of accounting for the accident ; but Mr. Fairbairn, and the practical gentlemen are examining the machinery, with a view of entering into detail before the Coroner, who will hold his inquest to-morrow. The unfortunate men have left wives and families to lament their untimely end. ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH ON THE SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. The first trial of the electric telegraph on this line, constructed by Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone, the pa tentees, for the joint use of the Admiralty and the South- Western Railway Company, between Nine Elms and Gosport, a distance of 88 miles, took place on Friday last. Several of the Directors of the Company and scientific gentlemen were present fon the occasion. On hearing that the suspension of the conducting wires was completed, Mr. Cooke left London by the three o'clock train, and stopped at Bishopstoke, 72 miles. He then proceeded by the next train, and the hour was occu pied in carrying the wires into the office at Gosport, on the branch line ; so that it was only at a little before ton o'clock that, all things being ready, be dis • patched the first si , snal to London. Four or five minutes of anxiety elapsed before any reply was obtained, when his assistant in London excused his inatten tion on the ground of having fallen asleep before the fire! The signals passed with the utmost precision, and a long, conversation passed with kis London correspondent over the intervening distance of 88 miles. Confidence in the system of insulation was thus proved ; the experiment never having been before tried until 72 miles were com pleted, when the apparatus was applied at Bishopstoke about a fortnight back. Directions to his London assistant to start for Gosport by the first morning's train closed the correspondence for the night. Professor Wheatstone joined, by appointment, at Nine-elms, about twelve next morning, and some thousand signals took their flight between London and Gosport. In Mr. Wheatstone's experiments no perceptible time was occu pied in transmission. Among many others the following inqtairies and answers, preceded by the ringing of the alarm, occupying about four minutes, were made at the request of one of the company's officers:—" Q. Have you any mackerel for to-nights goods train? A. N o, they can not catch them now. Q. IN by not? A. Because the nights are moonlight, and the fish see the net." Other com munications respecting the shipping took place. Subse quently the professors new magneto-electric telegraph Iva* brought Into a long circuit of wire, and worked to FOLKESTONE.—O n and after Monday, the 27th instant, letter:, &c., for London will leave the Folkestone post-office at 9.30 a.nt. The box will be closed at 9.15 A.M., after which time letters and newspapers will be received by one penny extra being paid till 9.25, when the bags will be immediately dispatched. A day mail will also leave our post-office for Dover at 1.50, There will be no day-bags to and froin London on Sundays. The number of letters passing our post-office has, since the opening of the railroad to the town, increased to not less than five times weekly to that of former yeurs, Naidetone Gazette. 845. perfection through 288 miles. The apparatus dispenses with the batteries altogether, a steel magnet being the source of power. The Admiralty are to have a pair of these machines, and a pair of Wheatstone's pointing telegraphs for their distinct use. For railway purposes Ur. Cook e pre f ers his " two -needle telegraph," and in this opinion P rofessor Wheatston e agrees, as its rapid colloquial qu es tions and answers character is perfectly adapted for railway exigencies. There is a good deal of painting to be done on the line, which will require fine weather and some days to complete. As soon as that is done the apparatus will again be worked, and two wires placed at the command of the Lords of the Admiralty; the other two, with the branch telegraph to Southampton, will remain in the Company's hands for their own railway purposes and the use of the public. The result of Friday night's experiments were considered rather unsatisfactory, as the state of the weather was most unfavourable to insulation, the posts thoroughly wet, and the wires strung with myriads of drops of water, sparkling like gems. The following day was flue, and though the points of connexion were all wet, nevertheless the insulation was excellent. With the last experiment Mr. Cooke is prepared to accept a challenge to lay down a telegraph from London to Fal mouth, Liverpool, or Edinburgh, without any inter mediate stages. The last practical difficulty is overcome by the present system of insulation, and Mr. Wheatstone need only add a letter folding and sealing apparatus to his printing machine to prepare the communications for the Post-office. This is the result of Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone's invention, after eight years' perseverance, and it would bo idle to suppose that the commercial world will long neglect the power this invention is capable of conferring on the commercial capitals of Great Britain, by laying their closer contiguity as regar d s t h e i r commercial intelligence and transactions, seeing that by it may be made known on 'Change, at Liverpool, or in London, every fluctua tion of price and every bargain in stack or shares, within two minutes of the transaction being closed in either place. The entire cost of the telegraph between;London and Portsmouth, is 24,0001., to be paid in equal propor tions by the Admiralty and the Company, and negotia tions are being entered into with Government for laying down sections of it on the Chester and Holyhead line, now in course of construction. Last evening, at the annual conversazione of the ','Society of Arts, the ap paratus was exhibited, worked by Mr. Cooke and Mr. Rowland, his assistant. In the course of conversation Mr. Cooke stated that the invention, by a slight modification of the symbols, might be adapted to an almost endless variety of uses : that by means of the galvanic process conversations might be sustained unin terruptedly between Liverpool and London, that musical compositions might be transmitted with exactitude from one place to another, and that even games of chess might be conducted between players in two distant districts. Last evening, the words " Liverpool" and " Adelphi" were described by the manipulata on the dial, and tele graphed by means of the wires, to an assistant operator at the other end of the room, who immediately an nounced the import of the communication. In cases where express accounts of public events are required, the invention promises to be invaluable, since it is calcu lated by the patentee that were a telegraph to be , laid down between Liverpool and London, accurate reports of speeches might be transmitted from either place, and t b r e am pu c t o i u n ld ty p p o e ss a ib l y c m irc ak u e la i te u d ar l r o i n va g l. before any express SIR CHARLES F. WILLIAXt- , b. - The late Sir Charles Frederick Williatus , *talk ; , senior Commissioner of the Court of Bankr , ant* „‘ s , • r many years have elapsed since he entered , 4,,..thek., : •. , profession of the law. It has been suppos ;thistAii ' . .-,. was a person of humble origin; at leas Itplittlet : , knowledge was ever current in society wi l reapeeti,„' --. - e,.. - .....e. to his descent, that it was assumed he could n. ..: 11 , ‘ el; ~.; ,`.i of very dignified ancestry; for most men take • .. to make such advantages well known, and Sir Charlet Williams was the least likely person in the world' to omit the publication of anything that could redound to his own honour. Nevertheless, the subject of this memoir wa s a man of respectable parents.• His father was Richard Williams, Esq., of D ura l ey , i n Gl ou . cestershire, of which pece it may be presumed that Sir Charles was a native. He did not possess the ad vantages of a university education, and he came to the bar not very eminently qualified for the duties of the legal profession ; he managed, however, in one way or another, to attain a certain degree of success ; but the . practice which he did enjoy was principally as a Foe vincial counsel, his business at Westminster Hall being of moderate extent. He went the Western. • Circuit, and for many years practised at the Somerset and Bristol Sessions. That he displayed unbounded zeal in the support of every client's interests is universally acknowledged, and that if perseverance and care could command success no client of his would ever have been defeated. Sir Charles had passed the mature age of forty before be found it prudent to incur the responsibilities of married life, but he thought that the time had then arrived when such a step could no longer be advan tageously delayed. On the 22d of April, 1822, he married . Elizabeth, the fourth daughter of Ralph Broune Wylde Broune, Esq., of Glazeley, in tho county of Salop, by Mary Anne Whitmore, sister cf Thomas Whitmore, Esq., of Apley Park, i n ti le same county. This event had of course a tendency rather to increase than to diminish his professional zeal; his business increased, and in the year 1828 it had reached so respectable an amount, that by the Govern - rent of that day he was deemed worthy to be in vested with the dignity of " one of his Majesty's counsel learned in the law ;" but as a leader at nisi Arius he was not much distinguished. For one pt. culiarity he • wa s h owever noted ; a solicitor might prevail on him to name the junior counsel with whom he liked to be associated, with high professional delicacy h e a l ways s h runk from the appearance of a making any such suggestion ; but even twenty years ago he was accustomed to say to his clients:that there could be no better junior counsel in any cause than young Follett. Even then Mr. Williams had the sa gacity to discern the great powers of the present Ate torney-General. For four years after, having obtained a silk gown, Mr. Williams continued at the bar ; but at the end of that period he was appointed one of the Commissioners of the Court of Bankruptcy under Lord Brougham's Bill. In discharging the functions of that office, he evinced great quickness of apprehension ; but was rather ostentatious in displaying it. His judgments were therefore often hasty ; and his manners were by no means distinguished for the dignity, moven the decorum which ought to be observed by Isvery mut who occupies a judicial seat. So eager was he to show that he saw at a glance the tendency of questions put to a witness, that he would spoil a piece of evi- • dence by taking an examination out of a solicitor's or counsel's hands, as well as putting ill-considered questions, and making extra-judicial observations; but he was perhaps one of the most obliging films. tionaries that ever lived. If stopped in the street—if called away from an agreeable party —nay, if called out of bed—he would kindly and cheerfully transact any business if required. He once met with an ac cident, when riding on horseback, which confined him some weeks and so anxious was he to avoid encroach.. ing upon the time of his brother Commissioners, that his bed-chamber was converted into a court of bank ruptcy. He scarcely or ever omitted an opportunity of making a civil observation or paying a personal compliment 1 "He browbeat none, nor bore a being odium ; But fairly blazoned every man's eulogium." He received the honour of knighthood July Is, 1838 ; and was for some years Recorder of Ipswich, but resigned that office in 1842. Sir Charles attained to a good old age, but of the precise year in which he was born we have not met with any authentic trace; it is believed, however, that he could not have been less than 75 or 76 years of 'age. The further he ade vanced in life the greater was the i n t erest w hi ch he seemed to take i n the causes and the influence et longevity. No elderly witness ever escaped him, and the most important proceedings were often delayed La order that Sir Charles might have opportunity of in. quiring into the habits of life and the constitutionei peculiarities of any curious specimen of the last age who might happen to enter the witness-box. In this respect the columns of this journal would have been a great source of consolation to him. iie was a ma. gistrate for Hampshire, and for some years had si residence in that county.—Historical Register. .ONEY MARKET and CITY NEWIc, FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. CITY, TUESDAY EVENING. TIMES.—The premium on gold at Paris is 124 per milk, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. lOid, per ounce for standard gold gives an exchange of I's 46 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25 621, it follows that gold is 0.65 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 434 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 31.175. 10Id. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 94; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13 104 , it follows that gold is 0.57 per cent. dearer in London than in Hamburgh. The course of exchange at New York on London is 1104 per cent., and the par of exchange between Eng land and America being 109 23-40 per cent., it follows that the exchange is 0.68 per cent. in favour of England. But the quoted exchange at New York being for bills at 60 days' sight, the interest must be added to the above difference. The Railway Share Market is still very buoyant, and a good deal of business continues to be transacted. New projects are every day starting up, and the success of other Irish schemes has brought forward one called the Armagh, Coleraine, and Portrush Railway, having for its object the connexion of the ton from Blackwater right through to Portstewart, the ditance being 63 sta tute miles. It appears to be considered that the junction of this line with the harbour of Portrush will give a facility of communication from this point to Glasgow and Liverpool, as there are already steamers on the sta tion. The settlement in this market at the and of the month will give some evidence of the real stability of the quotations ; and should money, as there is reason to expect it will, command a high rate of interest, we shall then have the opportunity of judging of the cha racter of the late extensive operations. In some Of the provincial markets it is asserted that they have even been on a larger scale than in London. It' this be the case, the brokers of Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Hull, and Glasgow, must h ave b een d r i v i ng a profitable business. Her Majesty's ship Dido has arrived from Singa pore, having made a quick passage, the run from the Cape being completed in the short space of about forty days. By this opportunity we have received files of Cape papers to the 15th of December ; and these are about one month later than previous advices. They contain little information as respects the progress of affairs in the colony, except the mention of the im pulse given to industry by the establishment of agri cultural societies, and the subject treated at the greatest length, as most important at that period, was the ex traordinary state of the. weather. Since 1820, when the district of Graham's Town was first established, there had not been known such heavy rains as those experienced within the last few months. During the last year scarcely a week had elapsed without heavy showers, the rain in many instances continuing for several days. The humidity was now felt to be super abundant, and the farmers were said to be anxiously looking for settled weather, required both for harvest work and for sheep-shearing, The rust had made its appearance in some of the corn-fields, but not till the crops were sufficiently advanced to protect them from the full ravages of that fatal disease. In some few cases the ear had been entirely destroyed, but on the whole the result of the harvest, it was expected, would be beyond the usual average. The country in the neighbourhood of Sneeuwberg was in fine condition, especially about Brumtjes Hoogte, Somerset, the Kaga, and Fort Beau fort. In Sneeuwberg the harvest had already commenced. SUN.—The English Market appears to close firmer. Consols for Money at par, and for Account at 1004. Exchequer Bills touched 675. premium. New Three and-a-Quarter per Cents. were 1044. The value of Spanish Stock remained about the same as in the morning, 27,i to 28 for the Five per Cents., ane 394 to 40 for the Three per Cents. Mexican im proved to 344 and 35. Brazilian, New, were at 88 ; and Colombian at 144. Peruvian realised 28. Portuguese Converted were at 60. Venezuela obtained 444, and Belgian Four-and-a-Half per Cents. were 1014. The additional transactions in Railway Shares have been these : Birmingham and Gloucester were 11 ; Ditto, New, 9 ; Caledonian, 144 ; Churnet Valley, 44 ; Cornwall, ato * ; Dublin and Mullingar, 14 ; Eastern Counties, 34 to 4 ; Eastern Union, 54 ; Great Southern a n d W estern (I reland), 54 ; Ditto, extension, 3! ; Great North of England, New, 224 ; Hull and Selby, 734 ; Birmingham, Thirds, 44 ; Ditto, Quarter, 254 to 26 ; Brighton, 2 ; London and York, 2 ; Manchester and Birmingham, 14f ; Midland, 27 ; Ditto, New, 7 ; Newcastle and Berwick, 104; Norwich and Brandon, 6 to 54 ; South-Eastern, 141 ; Trent Valley, 74 to 84; Waterford and Kilkenny, ; York and North Midland, Half, 284 ; Ditto, Selby Extension, llf to 12 ; Gre a t N ort h ern o f France, 14 ; Orleans and Vierzon, 8i ; Orleans and Bordeaux, 54 ; Paris and Rouen, 224 ; and Rouen and Havre, IS premium. Blackwell have been 94 ; Greenwich, 14 ; and Midland, Birmingham, and Derby, 5 discount. In the Exchange,upon the principal Continental Cities there was this afternoon no essential variation. Ant werp might be called a trifle lower, and Trieste a shade higher. The following is the official return of the exports of Bullion from the port of London, for the week ending Thursday last : Silver coin to Hong-Kong, 8,000 ounces. I:LIGET TIDE AT DOVER. DESTRUCTION or PRO. PERTY.—DovEn, JAN. 27. This morning, about °et o' em clock a.m., one o f t h e hi ghest tides ever rembereti c occurred here. At the entrance of the harbour the water was above twenty-ono feet in depth, while the` actual rise from low water was not less than twenty-five feet The quays and piers were almost all covered, anti the area of the harbour presented an uninterrupted sheet of water. At the height of the tide a portion of the now harbour works, now going on u n d er t h e Duke of Wet. lington and th e other Harbour Commh!sieners, gave way, from the great weight of water in the pent. A stronri• granite wall, about sixty feet in extent and many feet in thickness, was forced down, when a mighty rush of water, carrying all before it. burst into a larger open space behind, which is being excavated for the enlargement of the harbour. Blocks of granite, anti masses of brickwork, from two to six tons in weight, were rolled along ten or twelve yards ; and the Lord Sidmouth fishing vessel, that happened to be lying along side of the quay close to the beach, was torn from her moorings and swept into the space with great force IT the resistless current, an d l ai d up at the extreme en where, in ordinary tides, she will be " high and dry. An attempt was made at high water this afternoon to float off the vessel with casks, which proved a b ort i ve , as the tide did not r i se so highl as in the morning by several feet. She has sustained, it is feared, irreparable damage, by rubbing her bottom against the large stones she passed over during the accident. It is very fortunate the accident occurred, in the night, fur, had it taken place during the day, while the workmen wero (engaged in the excavations, it must have been attended with fatal consequeeces. Although fresh fish, such as flounders, cod, ling, haddocks, and whitings, are got in a b un d ance on the west coast, s till, soles and turbots are remarkably scarce, and appaiantly cannot be had either on the east or west coasts, which is altogether unprecedented in the annals of Scotch fisheries. A number of orders for these fish were received here by our principal fishmongers for supplies to any extent, for the Edinburgh, Dublin, anti Liverpool markets, which could not be executed,* Greenock Advertiser, DEATH IN THE REGENT'S CANAL.—A PREDICTION IN JEST FULFILLED. —Yesterday the body of a corpus. lent and rather aged person, named Portington, was found in the Regent's-canal, near the Camden -tows lock. Five -and-twenty years ago deceased was is master tailor, 'in extensive business in Tavistoeke street, Covent-garden. Latterly he held the shuts. tion of collector of rents and general over-looker on the Agar estate, Camden -town. A week since, meeting Lamb, an occasional summoning officer for the. parish of St. Pancres, serving summonses for an inquest on a person who had died suddenly, he remarked that such a way of dying was the pleasantest, and added, jokingly, that some day or other the officer would hare to summon a jury to inquire into the cause of his dealt. The prediction has been verified, and Lamb applied yes terday to 3lr. Wakle, for a warrant to summon a jury. SUICIDE OF A 11 HERMAN AT NORTHUMIIIIRLANE Housu.—Last evening Mr. Higgs held an inquest at thin Prince's Head, Buckingham. street, Strand, on the bodyclit John Henry Rollick, aged fifty-seven, in the employs! Mr. Hughes, upholsterer to the Duke ofNorthumberlan t l It appeared that deceased and others were engaged on Sea. turdey forenoon in preparing the furniture and rooms c}! a se m a l, re n h ot to re b t e ur m n am Northumberland House for the reception of its noble occus pants. past eleven o'clock he left the dining. after him. In a few minutes afterwards ho was disco, i r n oo h m alf in a A i w l vered in one of the water-clotets at the basement ht c o hh u a r i , hf- t o h h e a foremand been working,caused of the mansion, partly suspended (his feet resting oz the floor, and his arms en the seat of the closet' from a service water-pipe by means of a pie ce r. B ri r o an w s 67 . cut t o p n a , ek - taken thre a i d n totietdherek,nintedhehni,s a n n t e l ek th Cooper called in, who said that deceased had been deatt Deceased was a temperate/ of the witnesses considerot a a n b d ou s t te a a q d ir m t t e u r ), u: n a a n s h o o tn u r e . that his mind was affected by an attack of lness he had three months since, and others that it was affected by the breaking up of a benefit society, called the. St. James's Union, to which he had 7 f s oT , years belonged. haft paid, Verdict, different times, insanit. into the above society. " Temporery .. 01 3 , 41NG A 50CL1.T.41. 1 .± LE Y {:TTIEE R IN EDINBURGH. •.• —lt appears that an abandoned - creature has lately prt;te fesscd to deliver infidel lectures in a chapel on the south side of the town; which have - been attended by ninnberea mainly from curiosity. it is stated that the most dis, graceful scenes are enacted within the building, one part of the audience indulging in vociferous applause, au: another in equally - clamorous disskt.- Last Sabbath evening this riotous spirit came to a head, the female ex • hibitor being followed from the chapel by an infuriate(' crowd, some of whom attempted to lay violent hawks upon her. She was ultimately taken under the proteca tion of the police.—Edinburgh Past. WRIT or INQUIRY.—The writ of inquiry'et Penrith to assess the damages sustained to the Calthwaite eststS by the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway, was brougL& a close on Saturday, when the jury awarded the sum: 2,1501. for land taken, severance, and damage. As On suns was less than the compensation offered 'Ey the C0n.... pany, the defendants will have to pay their own costs. The Duke and Duchess of Alontrose have arriv e' ) in 13elgrave- - square, from his Grace' s spores s eat Selby Mill, Northamptonshire. The Duke wchesa are expected to remain in town until after her Grace approChing confinement. Lord William Graham issue staying on a visit to THE ROYAL PALACE AT HOLYROOD.—Some im provements have lately been made near the Royal Palace at Holyrood, and negotiations have been pending for the purchase of other property in Ann's-yard, near the Palace, with the view of making further improve ments in the locality. It appears that the Com missioners of Woods and Forests have negotiated with the Earl of Haddington tbr the surrender of the office of Hereditary Keeper of the Palace, which office was originally created by charters from the Crown, and became invested in his Lordship and his heirs of entail. In June, 1843, an award was mado, whereby the price to be paid by the Commissioners on behalf of her 111-ajeAy to the Earl of Haddington, for the said office of Keeper, and the whole profits, claims of pro perty anti other rights thereunto annexed, or apper taining thereto, and all other estate, right, title, and ilaterest of the said Earl connected therewith, and for the surrender of the said office, was fixed at the sum of 30,6741. Is. Bd. ; and the term of Candlemas then fol lowing (the 2d of February last) was fixed as the term of entry from which the office rights,interest, and properties should be vested in her Majesty. The money was invested in the Bank cf Scotland, to be re-invested in the purchase cf lands to be settled in the same line of entail. The Commissioners of Woods and Forests in their recent report state that " th e several purposes of the Act (6th and 7th Victoria, c. 64), a s f ar as we are terms concerned, have been carried i n t o effect; but, as i thereof they could not be completed before the h will 2 e d r b r o e f February, the conclu s i on o f these transaction s inci‘luidEeTdßoinpoaLfturtAuNre r i e x po p r Et t . 0 " v E E M a E s N t T s .% Y terday se veral houses were sold in Smithfield, rear the East by order of the C London Docks, by sinners of the'Wocds and Forests, Commis the new line of atrect,to to cleared away for Whitechapel, pass across High fr ' Spitalfields Church to the Docks. In connexion with these improvements in White chapel, a new street is being formed from Houndsditch to P etticoat -lane, in the construction of which a large number of very old houses had been removed. _Among 0-16 number was'one, in which resided the Ambassador from the Court of Spain, in the reign of Elizabeth, the foundation walls of which were in some part about three feet in thickness ; adjoining which were discovered some i very large vaults. the Earl nnri ii,,,,..4-.._ _, . _'.." I ...er ./7 - / 1 . -----1 _ I • ?_