The Sun. — London, England, 1850-07-02 00:00:00

THE KOH-I-NOOR, OR. MOUNTAIN OF LIGHT. Her Majesty's steam-sloop Medea has just arrived at Portsmouth, with a freight more precious, in nomi nal value, than was ever carried from Peru to Cadiz. Major Mackeson, one of her passengers, a meritorious and distinguished officer, brings with him that famous diamond of the East called, in the fondness of Asiatic hyperbole, the Koh- i-noor, or Mountain of Light, which, after symbolizing the revolutions of ten generations by its passage from one conqueror to another, comes now, in the third centenary of its discovery, as the forfeit of Oriental faithlessness and the prize of Saxon valour, to the distant shores of England. It was in the year 1550, before the Mogul dynasty had been established by the prowess of the great Akbar, that this marvellous stone was first brought to light in the celebrated mines of Golconda. The kingdom of this name constituted one of the five Mahometan Statps which towards the close of the 15th century had been formed in the Deccan. The diamond mines which :have rendered it so famous in story were situated at some distance to the east of the capital city, near the present statian of Condapilly, and are now in our possession, though they have long ceased to reward or invite the la bours of treasure-seekers. When the Mogul Princes extended their pretensions to the sovereignty of the Deccan, Kootub Shah, then King of Golconda, was brought into collision with Sash Jehaun, the reign ing Emperor, and father of the great Aurungzebe. Kootub Shah's Prime Minister at this period was the famous Meer Jamie, a statesman who to political abilities of unusual excellence added a singular knowledge of precious stones. He had, in fact, been at one time a diamond merchant, and was therefore peculiarly competent to appreciate the treasures of Golconda. It happened, too, that Shah Jehaun him • self was a connoisseur of scarcely less skill, inso much that when at a later period he had been dethroned and imprisoned by his father, and a doubt had been created respecting the value of a certain ruby in the Im perial Treasury, the gem was actually trans mitted to the deposed Prince fir his inspection and decision. Two such characters were well fieted fir • the transaction which ensued. Shah Jehaun took up the cause of Meer Jumla against his Sovereign, and the Koh-i-noor passed from Golconda to D While the kingdoms of the Deccan were suc cessively absorbed in the culminating dominion of • the Mogu't, the Koh-i-noor rested among the treasures of Impe: ial Delhi, where, on the 24 of November, 1635, it was seen by the French traveller Tavernier, who, by the ex traordinary indulgenceof Aurungzebe, wee permitted • to har die, examine, and weigh ite being the first, and till now, probably, the last European who bad ever enjoyed such a privilege. The Great Mogul sate on his throne of State, while the chief keeper of the jewels produced his treasures for inspection on two • golden dishes. The magnificence of the collection was indescribable, but coretpicuous in lustre, es teem, and value was the Koh-i-noor. Sometimes worn on the person of the Mostuls, sometimes adorning the famous peacock throne, this in estimable gem was safely preserved at Delhi • until, in 1739, the empire received its fatal blow from the invasion of Nadir Shah. Arnonet the spoils of conquest which the 2ersien warrior carried hack . with him in triumph to Khorasean, and which have been variously estimated as worth from 30 to 90 millions sterling, the Kos-i-noor was the most precious trophy, but it was destined to pass from Persia as quickly as that ephemeral supremacy in virtue of which it had been acquired. Nadir etha'a had entertained in his service a body or Affehans of the Abdalee tine under the leadership of Ahmed S=uh, who also served his master in the capacity of treasurer, and when the Persian conqueror was assassinated by his subjects, the .A.fikhans, after vainly endeavouring to rescue or avenge him, fought their way to their own frontiers, though only 4,000 strong, through the hosts of the Persian army. In conducting this intrepid retreat Ahmed Shah carried off with him the treasures in his possession, and was probably aided by these means, as well as by his own valour in consolidating the new State which, under the now familiar title of the Doorannee Empire, be speedily created in Caubul. It seemed as if the Koh d•noor carried with it the sovereignty of Hindostan, for the conquests of Ahmed were as de cisive as these of Nadir, and it was by his nomination - and patronage that the last Emperor asce.nded the throne of the Moguls. At the beginning of the present cen tury the treasures and power of Ahmed were vested in the person of Zemaun Shah, subject to the inces sant 3w:tufts of his kinsmen. One of these at length proved successful, and in the year 1800 Zemaun Shah found himself a prisoner at the disposal of his brother Shah Shuja, the identical puppet, 40 years later, of our famous Caubul expedition, so that we are now brought down to modern times and characters. Shah Shuja presently ascended the throne of his brother, but the treasury of Caubul was wanting in its most precious ornament, till at length, ingeniously secreted in the wall of Zemaun Shah's prison, was discovered the Kolni-noor. It was eight years after this, while the Doorannee monarchy was still fel.- midable enough to inspire the powers of the East ! with uneasiness, that Mr. Elphinstone, accredited by Lord Minto to the Affghan Prince, betook himself to what was then the remote and unknown town of Peshawur, where, at his state reception, the Koh-i-noor again flashed, after an interval of so many years, upon the dazzled eyes of a European. Shah Shuja, afterwards the client and pensioner of the East India Company, was dressed on this occasion in a green velvet tunic, fitting closely to his body, and seamed with gold and precious stones. On his breast was a cuirass of diamonds shaped like two flattened Ileurs -delis , and in a bracelet on his right arm blazed the price less jewel of Golcoada. The Prince gave a gracious audience to the Ambassador, and Mr. Elpbinstone retired, but the Koh-i-noor was not fated long to continue in the divided and tottering family of the once powerful Abdallees. The embassy bad scarcely recrossed the Indus when Shah Shuja W 33 expelled from Caubul, though he con trived to make this far-famed diamond the com panion of his flight. After many vicissitudes of exile and contest he at length found an equivocal refuge under the protection of - that powerful chieftain who bad now consolidated the dominions of the Seikbs into a royal inheritance for his own family. Runjeet Singh was fully competent either to the defence or the restoration of the fugitive, but he knew or suspected the treasure in his possession, and his mind was bent upon acquiring it. Ile pntdhe Shah under strict surveillance, and made a - formal demand for the jewel. The Doorannee Prince hesitated, prevaricated; temporized, and employed all the artifices of Oriental diplomacy, hut in vain. Runs jest redoubled the stringency of his measures, and at length the Ist of June, 1813, was fixed at the day when the great diamond of the Meeuls should be surren dered by the Abdallee Chief to the ascendant dynasty of the Singhe. The two Princes met in a room appointed for the purpose, and took their seats on• the ground. A solemn silence then ensued which continued unbroken for an hour. At length Runjeet's impatience overcame the suggestions of Asiatic decorum, and he whispered to an attend ant to quicken the memory of the Shah. The exiled Prince spoke not a word in reply, but gave a signal with his eyes to a eunuch in attendance, who, retiring for a moment, returned with a small roll which he set down upon the carpet midway between the two chiefs. Again a pause followed, when at a sign from Runjeet the roll was unfolded, and there in its matchless and unspeakable brilliancy glittered the Koh i-noor. In this way did the " Mountain of light" pass in the train of conquest and as the emblem of dominion, from Golconda to Delhi, from Delhi to Mushed, . _ from Mashed to Caubul, and from Caubul to Lahore, verifying by the esteem which it everywhere com manded the perspicacity and judgment of Meer Jumla (who is the Mirsimola of Tavernier's travels) and the Prince Shah Jehaun. Excepting the some what doubtful claims of the Brazilian stone among the Crown jewels of Portugal, the Koh-i-noor is the largest known diamond in the world. When first given to Shah Jehaun it was still uncut, weighing, it is said, in that rougb state, nearly 800 carats, which were reduced by the unskilfulness of the artist to 279, its present weight. It was cut by Hortensio Borgis, a Venetian, who, instead of receiv ing a remuneration for his labour, was fined 10,000 rupees for his wastefulness by the enraged Mogul. In form it i 3 "rote cut"—that is to say, it is cut to a point in a series of small faces, or " facets," without any tabular surface. A good general idea may be formed of its shape and size by conceiv ing it as the pointed half of a small hen's egg, though it is said not to have risen more than half an inch from the gold setting in which it was worn by Runjeet. Its value is scarcely computable, though two mil lions sterling has been mentioned as a justifiable price if calculated by the scale employed in the trade. The Pitt diamond brought over from -Madras by the gentradfather of Lord Chatham, and sold eo the Regent Orleans in 1717 for 125,0001., weighs scarcely 130 carats ; nor does the great diamond which supports the Eagle on the summit of the Russian sceptre w eigh as much as 200. Such is the ex - t rao rdinary jewel which in virtue of conquest and sovereignty has passed into the possession of Eng land. It was prudently secured among the few re valuables of the Lahore Treasury at the - n, and although nadequete coin rs, we may look a of that supre- Times. maining vatuames of fif commencement of the last insurrection, and although even N nominal value would be an inadequate corn -,Veusation for the cost of the Seikh wars, we may look its acquisition as a fitting symbol of that supre- . which we have so fairly won.—Times. 121 p„ SUGAR. —A vess:l belonging to aware of .in the &chi fro.na Riga, having on board linssian po .r as pin: of her cirgo. We are not of sugar, direct from one of the • • fore taken place._ GENERAL GARIBALDI. We mentioned in our last, that General Garibaldi, the celebrated defender of Rome, arrived in Liverpool on Saturday last, from Gibraltar. During his stay he resided at the Waterloo Hotel ; but his evenings were spent at the houses of some of our principal mer chants. The General is rather below the middle size, stoutly made, with an erect and soldier-like air. His manners are pleasing and lively, but in general his demeanour is staid and grave. Although brought up to sea as a naval officer, he is well educated, and of varied acquirements, speaking fluently many lan guages. He was engaged in the war of the Greek revolution, and served in command of a vessel of war under Lord Cochrane, at that time Admiral of the Greek fleet. He speaks in the highest terms of re spect of the people of Rome, and says they are grave and well conducted. He alludes with the greatest enthusiasm to the bravery and devotion of the young men of that city ; but does not appear to value highly the French as soldiers, nor their commander, Oudinot, as a tactician. Mr. Tower, from Essex, who accompanied the General, says he visited the, breaches in the walls of Rome, and that one of them, before the French gave the assault, was wide enough for fifty men to enter abreast. He also states that the house in which Garibaldi lived was perfectly riddled with shot. Mr. Tower further related a curious inci dent which occurred during the escape of Garibaldi from the power of the Austrians. The Austrians knowing that Garibaldi was concealed in the town, had given an order that every person who wore a beard should be imprisoned. - When the occupant of the house in which Garibaldi was concealed brought this information, he urged the General to get rid of his beard. Instead of acting on this advice Garibaldi ordered an open barouche, into which he and his aid de-camps entered, and driving along the line of the Austrian forces, who were drawn up in the outskirts of the town, as he passed them he saluted the Austrian officers, who raturned the salute, little imagining that the General was then daringly making his escape. Garibaldi sailed yesterday in the packet-ship Water loo, for New York, leaving on the minds of all who had the pleasure of meeting him a very favourable impression.—Liverpool Mercury. - RACES T 0 COME. Whittington Carlisle N..-”vmarket 2 Tiverton Tenbury Lahrrviter Writtle Liverpool Jersey lO Ipswich I‘,lAnsfleld liiunaii Nottingham IG Stamford l7 Salisbury 1 cl Winchester Chelmsford 23 Wen lock 23 Rochdale 25 Guildford Otiiham 26 Bridgnorth . Newport Goodwood Chewton Mendip 3O 1 Leominster CST. AUG 61P-clder Ripon Worcester Huntingdon ....... Brighton 7 Brighton Ra‘:,e Club Wolverhampton l2 a:Entail Pgrk. R. - ?arling ... l4 Bmilogne. . l4 Great Yarmouth 2O SEPTE. Warwick .., 'weymonth 4 Lincoln it ~, chestor Lichfield 9 Cheadle (StaffircLhire) 9 Leicester ll OCTOI Newmkt. First October 1 Chesterfield 0 Chester Autumn ... 8 Royal Caledonian, &c. 9 Maley Plytuouth York 2l Stirling- Eeelei Stourbridge Derby Taunton • 27 Egham Canterbury 29 Dover ... ... 12 Risingitoke l2 D,)ncaster Richmond Bf...H)rd Manchester Autumn r137.R. Newmkt. Second 03t.... 14 Wrexham . l5 I Newmarket Houghton.. 28 POLICE INTELLIGENCE. GUILDHALL. Yesterday Frederick Pullen was placed at the bar before Alderman Finnis, charged with receiving a 501. bank-note, the property of the Gloucestershire Banking Company, well knowing the same to have been stolen. Mr. James Maurice Shipton, of Pucrup Hall, near Tewkesbury, and one of the directors of the Glouces tershire Banking Company, stated that on the 24th of June he had occasion to go to the station at Tewkes bury, having in his pocket at the time a pocket-book containing a 501. bank-note, marked " B 111," that being the private mark of the Gloucestershire Bank applied to that particular note. The pocket-book also contained a memorandum-book and several cards with the prosecutor's name arid address on them. While at the station he noticed a great many loiterers about, sauntering up and down, and directly after leaving he missed his pocket-book. lie immediately proceeded to the bank and gave directions to the ma naging clerk to write to Messrs. Bush and Mullens, the solicitors to the Gloucestershire Banking Com pany, to stop payment of the note at Messrs. Jones Loyd's bank. Witness identified the note produced as the same he had lost in the country, aad stated that he had never seen the prisoner before. Elizabeth Lipscomb said she was in the service of Mr. Devey, C9rnhill, and that about one o'clock on Friday, as she was coming down stairs, she saw pri soner going out of the street door, in company with another young man, since which time she had seen nothing of the prisoner. She could not describe the young man's appearance, as she only caught a glimpse of him as they were going out. Prisoner said a young man called to see him on Friday, and asked him to go out and have something to drink ; he accordingly went with him to the " Cock and Woolpack; in Finch-lane, where the young man told him he had been in the service of Sir John Robinson, of Appleby Cottage, Cheshunt common. His friend's name was Hyam, but he was out of place at present. Mr. Mullens, who conducted the prosecution, said he would ask the worthy Alderman to deal with the case summarily, and to treat it ad one of illegal pos session, for he feared there was net sufficient evidence to induce a jury to contict the prisoner if he were committed for trial. _ _ Alderman FINN'S said he could not agree with the Learned Gentleman for the prosecution, as he con sidered the case before him as one of very strong sus picion, and he thought it would be advisable to re mand the case, in order that Hyam might be produced, as he might afford some clue to the party who re lieved Mr. Shipton of the property at Tewkesbury. Under these circumstances he would remand the case till Friday, for further evidence. -MARLBOROUGH-STREET. AN UNNATURAL •MOTHEIL—Mary Lee, a dress maker, living at No. 5, Sneyd's-gardens, was brought before Mr. Bingham, at the suit of the parish autho• rities of St. George, Hanover-square, charged with having neglected and cruelly ill-treated her child, aged three months. Lacy, the messenger of St. George's, said it had been at first intended to include the father, a jobbing porter, but on looking into the case, it was found that evidence of direct crualty could not be procured, and that the unnatural mother was infinitely the greater offender. Emma Leader said she lived in the next room to that occupied by the prisoner and her husband. The pri soner had been confined about three months ago. The prisoner was accustomed to go out for hours, getting drunk at different public-houses, and totally neglecting the infant, who was without any one to attend to it. The infant screamed piteously for hours together. Had gone into the room often and picked it off the floor, where it had fallen, or been thrown. On Sa turday the prisoner went out to get drunk as usual, leaving the infant. The infant continued to scream for some hours, and then began to drone. She went into the room, and found it at the back of the bed, nearly at its last gasp. She took the infant, and an other equally miserable child, about four years old, to the workhouse. When the prisoner came home she made no inquiry about the infant, but threw herself on the bed and i slept off her d run k en fi t. Wh en wit ness took the infant to the workhouse it was bruised all over the face and arms. The prisoner when sober appeared to be fond of the infant. Eliza Shackell had frequently gene into the priso ner's room when she was out drinking to suckle the infant herself and to feed it, being quite unable to resist its piteous cries. The prisoner used to leave it for hours and hours together. Saw prisOner beat the infant terribly on the face last Saturday. The infant had not received those attentions which its feeble ness required. The prisoner was drunk at the time. The prisoner seemed to treat the infant with affection when sober. Lacy said the prisoner earned, or could earn, a very good living at her trade. The husband also made a good deal of money in the week. They were able to kftep themselves and children in comfort, but they spent all their money in drink. They were constantly fighting; and on Sunday night they had a fight while drunk, which ended in the husband re • ceiving a black eye and a scratched face. He had seen the husband that morning, and had delivered hack to him the unfortunate little creature, who by some miracle had lived to the age of four years, not withstanding the dreadful neglect an i bodily ill-usage it had likewise received. The other infant the parish authorities thought would be better off if left in the care of the parish nurse. The infant WWI brought forward. It bore in its features undoubted evidence of the pinching neglect and brutal ill-usage it had su3tained. Lacy made a communication that appearA to create a sensation in all who heard it. He said that the prisom , .r's ngighbours had told him that the pri soner had contrived to put away five or six children be fore by the same system of neglect and ill-treatment. Another week would no doubt have ended the miseries CHELMSFORD, JUNE 28.—Prices to-day were as follow: Wheat, white, old 36s to 475; new 37s to 48s; red, old 333 to 409; new, 34s to 41s; barley, 233 to 23s ; chevalier 24s to 263; grin ' 2ls to 236; oats Iss to 20s ; malt 53s to 555; chevalier 54s to 563; peas, partridge, new 25s to 275; old, —s to --s ; white, new, 26i to 283 ; old, —s to —s ; dun, new, 24s to 26s ; beans, tick, new 23s to 26s ; old, 2-Is to 275; harms.; ticks, new 21s to 275; old 25s to 2s; ma- Sagan, new 223 to 24s ; old 2:3s to 25s per qr. COLCHESTER, JUNE 29.—Wheat,'white 44s to 483 ; red 34s to 423; barley 22s to 249; beans, mazagan 24s to 255; middle and small 26s to 233 ; peas 24s to 28s per qr. KIRICALDY, Juxx 29.—The following are the quotations up to this date:— Wheat. First 413 6(I Barley. 2L 6d Second 403 0 , 1 203 61 Third 353 Od 173 Od Oatmeal, per bag of 2801 b; HADDINGTON, JUNE 28.—Ti Oats. 1 21s Od 20i 61 17s Od imperial, followiz Beans. —s Od —s Od —s Od 273 Od to 1 lg are the Peas. Od —5 Od -s 01 01. prices o f grain at our market to-day : Wheat. Barley. 1 Oats. Beano. First ... " .... 43s 01 25s Od 1 21s 10d 32s Od Second ... ... 39s 7d 21s 5d 1 20s 4d 28s 7d Third ... .. 36s 01 183 01 1 153 Od 25s Od Total quantity of Wheat in market 397 qrs., 382 sold D. Barley do. 25 qrs., 25 sold Do. Oats do. 240 qrs., 197 sold Beans 34 48., 20 sold GLASGOW, JUNE 26.—Provisions—Cheese, 37s to 46s 04 per cwt ; retail, 5d to 64 per lb. Skim milk, 23s Od to Os per cwt. Couutry fresh butter, 94 to Od per lb. Irish pow dered, in lumps, 8d to Sid ; country powdered, wholesale, 8d to 80. Country eggs, 8d per dozen ; carried hen ditto. 5s Od per 120, or 7d per dozen. Hens, 23 9d per pair; Ducks, 2s 6(1. PErttit, JUNK 28.—Wheat, 378 Od to 423 Od ; barley, 183 Od to 20s Od ; oats, 10s to 20s ; peas and beans, 23s Od to 25s per quarter. Oatmeal, per sack, 22s to 21s. KELso, JUNE 28.—Wheat, old, Os to Os; ditto, new, 26s to 31s Od ; barley, new, 158 Od to 17s 6d ; ditto old, Os to Os ; potato oats, OOs to 00s ; ditto new, Os to 16s 04 ; common, oats OOs to 003 Od; ditto new, 13s to 14s 64 ; peas, Os Od to Cs Od; beans, Os to' Os per boll of six imperial bushels. STIRLING, JUNE 28.—Wheat, foreign, 215 to 235; ditto, home, Os to Os; ditto ditto new. 17s Od to 21s Od; barley, per boll of 6 bushels, Oa Od to Os Od ; ditto new, 15s Od to 16s 6d. Oats, common, Os Od to Os Od; ditto new, 9s 9d to 13s 3d; ditto, Flemish, Os Od to Os Od; ditto ditto new, Os Od; malt, distillers, 32s 04 to 34s ; ciitto brewers, 34s0d to 35s ; beans per boll, Os Od to Os Od ; ditto new, 12s Od to 14s 3d ; pease 13s Od to Os Od; flour, new per sack, 3180 d to 33s 04; ditto common ditto, 18s 6d to 20s Od; oatmeal, per load, Os Od to Os Od ; ditto new 26s Od to 28s 64 ; ditto per peck of 71bs, 7d to 9d ; fresh butter per lb, 7d to 9d; eggs per dozen, 7d to 9d; hay per ton, Os to Os. FALKIRK, JUNE 27.—The supply of grain in this day's market was 291 bolls; wheat at 183 Od to 21s Od per ball. ; barley, 16s 94 to Gs Od ; oats, 14s 6d to 15s Od; beaus, 14s Od to 14s 6d per boll ; oatmeal, Os to Os per load. BERWICK, JUNE 27.—Wheat, 33s 4d ; barley, 38s 2 d ; oats, 18s Old ; rye, Os Od ; beans, 005 04 ; peas, 00s Od average per imperial quarter. HAwlcx, JUNE 27.—Wheal new, 15s to 16s Od ; ditto 003 Od to OOs Od ; common oa t, new, 27s to 29s Od; barley, old, 00s to Os ; potato oats, ts, I2s to 159 Od ; peas, 20s Od Od per boll of six imperial to - 240 d ; beans, 20s Od to 22! bushels. COAL MARK E' Buddle's W. Hartley 13s 6d Carr's W. Hartley l3s 6d Chester Main l2s 6d Davison'sWest Hartley 13s 6d East Adairs Main 1 ls Od Holywell North Percy Hartley l3s 3d Ravensworth'sW.Hart 13s Od Tanfield Moor .... l2s 6d Tanfield Moor Butes lls Cd T o wnley West Hartley West Wylam Wylam • l3s 3d Wall's End, &c. Brown's •• • Bros.:nes Gas . lls 03 Gosforth . • Ililda l3s Od Northumberland Walker lide , i Main Od, Lambton Primrose T.—Yr.STERDAY. Belmont l4s Od Braddyll etton Haswell 153 9d Lambton Russell's Hetton 15s 01 Stewart's Caradoc .........• l3s 9d Eleugh Hall Seymour Hartlepool— l4s Od (South Hartlepool ;Thornley ........ Whitworth l2s Od Brown's Deanery l3s 00 Seymour Tees Tees ... . Cowpen Hartley I Hartley ..... 12s 6 Howard's W. H. Neth. 13s 6d Nixon's Merthyr and Cardiff Sidney's Hartley Ships At market, 140. RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. BRISTOL, JULY 1. STOCK Exemison..—The share market was inanimate to-day, and business was principally confined to the following stocks, the closing prices of which were :—South Devon, Preference, 8 t,.,—Taff Vale, 101. Shares, c. p. —Great Western, Quarters, 11 11-16 c.—Ditto, New 171. Shares, dis. LIVERPOOL, JULY 1. STOCK EXCIIANGE.—There was rather more business doing to-day, but prices were barely sustained. The trans actions were as follow :—Lancashire and Yorkshire, Consol., 34 1 4—Ditto 321. Shares, 10A dis.—London and North- Western. 109 1 / 4 —Ditto, New Quarters, % p.—Ditto, Fifths, p.—Midland, 35 c.—Ditto, Halves, 26 5-16 dis.—York. Newcaale, and Berwick, Original N. and B. (G. N. E. Purchase), 6 per cent, till 1850, 4 15-16 dis. MANCHESTER, JULY 1. STOCK ExcHANan.—The market was quiet to-day, and prices had rather a downward tendency. The only tranaac tions were—Leeds, Fifths, 10 dis.—North Staffordshire, 11 1 / 8 dis —South-Eastern and. Dover, 14 1 ,2—Ditto, Consul. (No. 3), 47,8. BIRMINGHAM, Jinx 1. STOCK EKCHAIIOg.-13usines 1 in this share market was very flat to-day, but there was no variation in prices. London and North-Western were quoted—buyers 109, sellers 110 — Ditto, Fifths, 'A p. :MBEN. of thi3 lest child had not some kind-hearted people interfered. _ _ Mr. BINGHAM thought the best way would be for the prisoner and her husband to pay 3s. a week to the parish for the maintenance of the child. The prisoner, who evidently expected a different kind of punishment, readily agreed to this, and began to whine about having back her dear infant. Mr. BINGHAM thought the lesson she had received would induce her to reform her conduct and her ha bits. She must undergo a probation of two months before he would listen to her application for the cus tody of her infant. SOUTHWARK. Yesterday Richard Walshe, a lad of 17 years of age, was brought before Mr. A'Beckett, charged with stealing a parcel, containing women's clothes. In his attempt to escape he threw himself into the river, and a policeman in effecting his capture jumped in after him, and both were near being drowned. Policeman Parrett, 196 L, stated that between three and four o'clock on Sunday morning, while on duty in Stamford-sttreet, Blackfriars-road, his atten tion was arrested on observing the prisoner clamber ing over the railings of the area of No. 32, in that street, with a large bundle. The prisoner jumped down from the top of the railings to the pavement, and on seeing him (the policeman) approach he threw down the bundle and ran down one of the turnings leading to the river. He was pur sued by the policeman, and when he got near the water side he leaped on a barge and threw himself off into the river and began to strike out towards the landinhe-place near the bridge. The policeman, however, finding that the prisoner wee likely to escape jumped into the water after him and soon came up with him, but both of them being nearly exhausted, owing to their clothes being saturated with water, they would have sunk probably had not a Thames galley happened to pass rand assisted both out of the river, when - the prisoner was taken to the station-house. Upon subsequent inquiry it was as certained that the leendle of clothes seen in the pri soner's possession belonged to the family residing at No. 32, Stamford-street, and had been thrown down the area on Saturday night by the person who had them to wash, under the supposition that they would be seen by the servants and taken into the house on the:following morning. Instead, however, of this latter expectation being verified, the prisoner, who hap pened to be out earls on the prowl before the servants were up, caught sight of .the bundle as it lay in the area, and getting ove r the railings he soon possessed himself of it, and wes making off with it when he was seen by the policeman and taken into custody as above described. Mr. A'BECKETT said he should remand the prisoner until Thursday, in order that some inquiry should be made about him. LAMBETH. Yesterday being - a ppointed for the final examination of Mr. Henry Page, a master bricklayer, and Mary Clarke, for bigamy, the court was crowded to suffo cation by persons anxious to hear the evidence in this extraordinary case. The male prisonek, it may be recollected, was given into custody on the 17th of last month for administer ing poison to the female prisoner, to whom he was married. During the inquiries of the officer he as certained that both the prisoners were previously married, and that the former husband and wife were then - living. As . soon as the female was sufficiently recovered he apprehended her, and both were re • mantled until that day for the dep)sitions against them to be taken. The female prisoner admitted in the presence of the 'constable that she was married to a man named Clark; and that he was living ; she also stated that Page administered some drug to her in some drink, in a coffee-house near NewingtonChurch. Mr. Solomon, the solicitor, was in attendance to watch the proceedings on behalf of Page. Evidence having been given with respect to the double marriages on. each side, which satisfied the magistrate that there was a sufficient case to go to a jury, M. ELLIOTT sails he should commit them both for trial. Mr. Solomon asked for his client to be admitted to bail, as his Worship had intimated that he would on the last occasion. Mr. ELLIOTT—T. have no objection to admit him to bail, himself in 80i:. and two sureties of 401. each ; but twenty-four hours' notice thereof must be given to the clerks. The prisoners -were then fully committed for trial, and all the witnesses bound over to prosecute at the next sessions of the Central Criminal Court. THE COUNTRY MARKETS. The following is the official statement of the quantities of corn, &c., received in the port of London from the ports in Essex, from the 24th June, 1850, to the 29th June, Id4o, both inclusive : Colchester •••••• •• Harwich ... Leigh Maidol 1 • c.) ,11?, .4 g o g a Hi 1 . 1 - - 335 ;; - 50 - 505 - 11; 18 - - 25-C - 203 IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF COIII,IIONS, July 1. The SPEAKEa took the Chair at Pour &cloak. PRIVATE BUSINESS. The following with amendments, were read a third tirno and ealsecl Cork Docks ma Harbour Improvement. Marylebone and Finchley Turnpike Roads. Rochdale, through Bamford and Bidle to Bury, and other Turnpike Roads. The following Billn, as amended, were considered and agreed to:— Birmingham and Pershore Road. Brigstocke'a (or Player's) Estate. Cautley's Divorce. _ _ Lai of Lincoln's Divorce. The following Bills were read a second time, and ordered to be committed:— Earl of Shrewsbury's and Grace's Trustees Estate. Saiut Andrew's and gaol:ice Railroad Company. Saint Thomas's Hospital Estate. Westminster Temporary Bridge. Wolverhampton Improvement Act Amendment. WESTMINSTER TEMPORARY BRIDGE BILL. Sir R. H. INGLIS moved that this Bill, which had just been read a second time, should be referred to a Select Commits. e. Mr. W. PATTEN thought if the Bill were referred to a Committee that the trustees of the bridge would bo placed under great disadvantage. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER ob jected to the motion. It was well known that a con siderable sum of money had been expended on the present bridge with the view of making it a safe structure, but the object had not yet been ob tained, and the commissioners believed that it would be most to the advantage of the public to erect an entire new structure on the site of the old bridge, and as they were anxious that n) delay should take place they thought it advisable to put up a a - temporary erection at once, in or(le7 to accommodate the passen• gPrs and other traffic while the works were going on. If the commissioners found that the bridge was capable of being repaired, so as to render it permanently safe, they would not erect a new structure. Mr. L. HOD3ES supported the motion for referring the Bill to a Committee. - Sir C. BURRELL and - Mr. GREENE also .upprted the motion. Mr. PETO sa•id 70,0001. of the public money had already been expended on the" bri;lge, and yet it was still in a ruinous state.. He thought they oaght to con sider whether a better site c:iuld not bo selected than the present one. He stoutd support the motion of to night for sending the to a Committee up-ztairs. After a few.words from Mr. P. WOOD, Lord R. GROSVENOX.said, although the two arches on the Surrey sine cf thu river ware not at present in a dangerous; cat it was quite impossible to say how soon danger might arise, and hence tie temporary bridge became necessary. Mr. W. PATTEN suggested that they should allow the Bill to go before a-private Committee, and defer the question of rf ferring the matter of a new bridge to a Se lect Commit'co till the third reading. Sir B. 11. INGLIS said, .snas.mu2b as the question ir vol7ed in the Bill was a public one, he could not consent to rake that course. The House nen diviLled,.when there appeared— Fur ref erring the Bill to-a Select Committee 133 Against it Majority: ... ... ... --123 PETITIONS• Sir ROT3ERT INGLI3 pre3ented petitions from seve ral places in Oxfordshire against the admission of Jews to Parliament. . Mr FAGAN presoniel A petition from t he Corpora tion c•f Cork, praying that the Petty Sesdons Bill may b 3 passel into a law. Sir CHARLES BURRELL presented petitions from E even parishes in the eAnity of Leicester against the admisEion of J,ws to Parliarricnt. Mr. SIDNEY 11 - EltElll' presented a petition to the same effect from v. place in Wilte (as rze understiod). Mr. FREWEN prvsent: , i a petition from a place in Leic..storshire against the admission of Jews into Par liament. Mr. REYNOLDS, who in presenting himself in civic robes and paraphernalia was received with loud laughter and cheers, said ho had to present a petition from the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the borough of Dub!iu, stating that thy bad learnt with surprise and deepregret that the Government had introduced into Parliament a Bill for the abolition of the office of Lord-Lieutenant. They - believed that such Bill would do great _injury to Ireland in general and Dublin in particular, would increase absenteeism and loosen that connexion which bad long existed be tween England and Ireland. They also stated that the present was a most unseasonable and improper time to withdraw any benefits from Ireland; and they prayed that the House would reject the said measure. Sir GEORGE GREY presented a petition from a plat o e regulationsi humee. berland against the re cent nthticoun in tyo Northumberland thef Post-Mr. BANKES presented a petition from a place in the ' county of Dorset against the admission of Jaws into Parliament. ATTORNEYS' CERTIFICATE BILL. In answer to Lord R. GROSVENOR, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that the business of Parliament had been interrupted by the debate last week, and he could not at present fix any day on which to take this Bill. BUSINESS OF THE SESSION. In answ,r to a cor.,stion from Sir B. HALL, Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that on Thursday he would awe what he meant to do with the various Bills, which still remained untlisorwed RETURNS. Viscount DUSCAN movi el for returns of tho cost of constructing the wells behind Trafilpr-square, and t) erecting the buildings. engines, mains, pipes, and works connected therewith. Of the annual expense in main taining and working the same : and of the establishments, hcn ies, reservoirs, &e., supplied with water therefrom, the amount paid for the water so supplied, and the amount paid by such buildings, establishments, reservoirs, Pic., before they were so supplied; also for copies of the return to an order of .a special court of metropolitan sewers held the 29th day of August, 1849, which order was, " That the secretary do forthwith prepare rin account in detail of i all the expenditure of andincident to the flash ing .works done since the opening of the Com mission of November, 1847, and of all the work done for such expenditure, and under whose direction, showing the length of the sewers cleansed, and, as nearly as may be, the quantity in cubic yargs place of deposit to its place of final d f i r sc o h lit tirt it e s of soil removed by such flushing from m igie e sewers, and do report thereon to the court, with such remarks as nifty enable the court to bound an opinion as to the propriety of such expenditure ; and that every officer and servant do give, in writing un der his hand, to the secretary, all such informationas he may require, in writing, for the purpose of ena bling him to make such report; and, when required in writing by him, to furnish him with vouchers to enable him to judge of the accuracy of such information; and that the secretary do also report to the court as to the compliance by such oflicers and servant s w i t h hi s requi sitions for such information and vouchers; and that such report be printed for the use of the cornmilsioners; and of the minute of the special court of metropo li tan sewers, for the 29th dsy co! August, 184 9.—Agreed to. EXLIIBITION OF 1851.—THE TREES IN HYDE- PARK. e I ,:hp h ore t e h v ieonruthshlooycr markedoi t t a n o in el f odt to r m r be ec t h tei e t lo tn li ds o ot ui en e ni a ni n n d He t lt h rd e eee c -s o p u ao y r n ui Colonel SIBTIIORP wished to ask the Att orne ofGrt x ye the previously had been cut down, and whether this act had been consti tutionally exercised in the grounds which have been for so many years maintained out of the public purse, and by successive votes of the House of Commons fir that purpose; also, whether this power is limited, or to what extent it may be carried, and for what special purposes and if for what is termed a commission to afford accom modation for foreign markets, and the importation or warehousing of foreign goods ? The ATZORNEY-GENERAL said he must preface his answer by reminding the House that the parks be longed to the Crown in fee, and that at each accession they were transferred to the Woods and Forests for the use of the public. He believed that the trees which had been cut down bad been cut down by the direction of the Woods and Forests, and he believed that so long as they continued within their legal limits they had authority to control all matters relating to the park. The House would likewise remember that the powers of the Commissioners were • limited by the 10th of George, ,IV. Now, the Commissioners had a perfect right, as tenants for the life of her Majesty,. to cut down all ripe timber without the consent of the Crown, and likewise to any similar act that is calculated to ieaprove the property, without any sanction from the Crown, but they cannot fell timber that is not ripe without such sanction. With re spect to the power of the Commissioners to confer the right of building, they had no power of conferring the right to erect a permauent building, but they had the right of granting permission to erect a temporary construction, as was evidenced by the existence of the Royal Humane So cieties sheds in Hyde-park. Mr. STUART— Will the Right Hon. and Learned Gentleman do me the favour to answer this question. How does he propoee that the public should interfere? The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said it was not for him to suggest the mode. Mr. THOMAS DUNCO MBE wished to ask the First Lord of the Treasury when it is intended that the national exhibition, 1851, should close; and whether, in consequence of the increasing dissatisfaction on the part of the puolic, that the proposed exhibition should take place in Hyde-park, it would not be advisable that the selection of Hydespsrk us the intended site should be recon sidered by the Commission; also, whether, in the event of the amount raised or likely to be raised by voluntary subscriptions proving inadequate to defray the ex penses of the exhibition, it is in the contemplation of her Majesty's Ministers to ask Parliament, either this year or next, f,r any grant of public money towards such expenses. Lord J. RUSSELL said, in reply to the first question, that the lateit period at which the exhibition would be opened bad been fixed at the 10th of November, 1851, but it might be closed earlie r, while it was p rovided that within seven months after the closing the con tractors should remove all the materials that remained on the ground. With regard to the second question, he bogged to state that on Saeirday and to-Jay the Com missioners had hell two mee tings, both of which were very fully atter.Oed; Ind they had gone over the reasons which had induced them to select Hyde•park as the site of the exhibition, and the reasons which i f t or r m igh o t f to areembodypo report, a copy their of reasons for so doing w :Hove had been urge d aga i nst it. The Commissioners adhered to thei r f ormer reso l ut i o n, but they had thought gin o the heehoul d dn for, and which he hoped wealdtper iu the bands of Hon. Members to-morrow. With regard to the last question, he bad to state that it was not contemplated to make any public grant whatevsr. The Commissicnen3 had always supposed that the sub :-.criptions and :he mon , w to be rt , ceived at the doors would be more than sufficient to defray the expense of the exhibition. lie now hegqed leave to move that a espy of the Commisionem' repo-t In laid befora the Holm. The motion wee agreed to, and the returns ordered. Lord JOHN MANNERS wished to kno7 from the Attorney-General whether the trees in question had Le:n cut down in Hyde-park before or after the signing of the sign -manual by her Majesty? The ATTORNEY-GENERAL knew nothing of the facts. Ile apprehended the sign-manual was given merely for the purpose of showiez hereafter that there should be no breach of trust of the Commissioners as trustees of the public. He thought it would be perfectly legal for the Canruissioners to cut down trees before the issuin g of the sign -manual. Sir 'HENRY WILLOUGHBY asked Lord John Russell whether there exists in the Treasury, or in any other department of the State, a power to erect, or to consent to tie erection, of any buildings in Hyde park, without the consent of Parliament. Lard JOHN RUSSELL imlgined there was such a power. Sir B. HALL thought the question before the public was one which was worthy the consideration of the House, and he was ready to go into it immediately. nulesa he h.d an assurance that an early day would be set apart for its discussion. If the Noble Lord would be good enough to set apart an early day for its dis cussion, he (S:.r B. Hall) should ho prepared to move en address to her Mjesty. tbat she would he graciously pleased not to allow the proposel exhibition to take place in Ilydi--park. . . Lord J. RUSSELL thought the House would gene rally bo of opinion that it would be more to their ad vantage if they could discuss tho question with a full knowledge of the facts. He had no objection to say he would be ready to givo an early pay to allow the Hon. Baronet (Sir B. Hall) to bin on his motion. He would say either Thursilay or Monlay. Mr. B. OS BORNE called the attention of the House to the probable depreciation of the value of property in the vicinity of Hyde-park if it be persisted in to huld the exhibition there. Mr. HOPE adverted to the depreciation of his own, property in the vicinage of Hyde-park, in cane the exhi bition went on there, and drew an amusing picture of the incidents connected with traffie which would take place in removing the goods and implements for the exhibi tion from Ranelagh-wharf to Hyd-.-park, by way of Grosvenor-place, occasionally diverging into Be!grave square, and perhaps into Cheshans-place itself. Colonel SI3THORP complained of the delay which had alread.y taken place, and of the procrastination which the Noble Lord showed to :afford an explanation of this matter. He contended that the parks were public property, and there was no authority to destroy them by a Commission like the present one. He con sidered that the Commission was nothing better than ran attempt to encourage foreigners at the expense of native industry. Ho asserted that all sorts means head been usal to gain subscriptions to it, such as in timidation of tradesmen and the like. Mr. REYNOLDS, as an Irish Member, would not pre3ume to me Idle with this question, but that ho thought he could get the House out of a diffi culty. For the information of Honourable Members who had not had the advantage of visiting Dublin, he would mention that her Majesty owned a park in that city, called the Phoenix-park—(Great laughter)— and, in the name of his fellow-citiz-ns, he begged leave to offer that park, and the circle in it called the Fifteen Acres, to his Royal Highness and the Noble Lords and gentlemen associated with him in this undertaking.— (a2newed laughter.) Tho citizens of Dublin, he could assure the Gallant Colonel, would not take the cutting down of a tree or two as a grievance. They would not say to his Royal High ness, " Woodman, spare that tree"—(Laughter)— but would be anxious to do all in their power to facilitate the carrying out of that great object. Dublin had another geographical advantage, for it was expected that a large amount of the industry and in- F,enuity of the - United States would be exhibited at the exposition of 1851, and it should be recollected that Galway was the text parish to the United States.— (A laugh.) He hoped the suggestion Ye had made would be taken into consideration by the Royal Com mission. Mr. ALCOCK suggested that Battersea-fields would be tho beat locality to select for the exhibition, being bounded on one side by the Thames, and on the other by the South-Western Raihay. He thought that 10.000/. or 20,0001. would be saved by erecting. the build ing in that situation. Lord J. RUSSELL intimated that he would give a final answer as to the site of the building on Thursday, at five o'clock. Mr. T. DUNCOMBE said one of these days they would have some of the Commissioners coming down to the [louse with a doleful face and au empty purse, say ing, Wo relied upo❑ the entranco fees; we are sorry to say this exhibition has cost somewhere about 200,0001. or 300.0001., and we have only got 100,000/. towards it. We have incurred great liabilities fir this national undertaking, but of course von will not allow us to pay them." Now the result of that complaint would be a grant, but he put it to the House whether it would not be better to come to some understanding now upon the subject, and put a stop to the begging system that was now going on, and which was a disgrace to the country. Depend upon it something would have to be voted, perhaps in the shape of a police-rate, for immense bodin of people could not be brought to ,gelher without there being some increased force re roiref;, and he therefore called upon Government to deal vtith the matter at once. Mr. B. COCIPLA.NE slid it was a pity these sug gestions were not made months ago. The subject thin dropped. POST-OFFICE AND RAILWAYS. Mr. RICARDO said in February last he moved for a return of the moneys paid to railways for carrying the pcst-bags, but still it had not been laid on the table yet. He wished, therefore, to know when it would be forth coming? Mr. HAYTER said the return was long and compli cated, but it would be produced as soon as possible. LORD-LIEUTENANCY (IRELAND) BILL. The LORD MAYOR of DUBLIN asked whether the Noble Lord at the head of the Government intended to bring on the Abolition of the Office of Lord Lieute nant Bill to-night. Lord JOHN RUSSELL said he did not intend to proceed with it to-night. MR. W. S. O'BRIEN. On the motion for going into Committee of Supply, Mr. ANSTEY rose to bring forward the molten of which he gave n,tice, respecting the opening of Mr. W. Smith O'Brien'S letters from Van Diemen's Land. He said he felt a delicacy in, bringing under the considera tion of the House the case of Mr. W. S. O'Brien after what had already taken place in respect to him. But he knew that there was a strange feeling out of doors upon the subject, and much dis3atisfletion was experienced re specting his treatment i❑ Van Diemen's Land. The question he had brought before the Home was simply this—was a person in this country entitled to receive from a convict in a penal settlement in Van Diemen's Land a letter that might be addressed to him in his offi cial cp pacity? He limited the qaestioa to that. He did not put it on the barren ground of the privileges of Par liament. Mr. Smith O'Brien refused a ticket of leave, and was transferred to Maria Island, where he consi • dered he was treatel with great hardship, and thereupon addressed a letter to him (Slr. Anstey) complaining of his treatment. The letter was addressed to him in the House of Commons. In cases of letters from Van Diemen's Land, the bond and free were placed on terms of equality, and it was alike illegal to detain or open the letters of either. The case was different from that of England, where letters might be opened by the gaoler. It was absolutely necessary that there should be unrestricted communication between convicts and persons in this country, for if such were not permitted the most horrible abuses might be committed with im punity, without the chance of exposure or of ameliora tion. There was the power of opening letters at the Post-office, but it must be only upon oath. But to jus tify that there must be the oath that he (Mr. Anstoy) was a suspected person. If such were the case he called for inquiry. Nora, he found the letter was opened . by the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir W. Denison, wh o fairly admitted that he had opened it for the purpose of seeing what complaints or misrepresentations Mr. S. O'Brien might have made as to his treatment. Ho received the letter subsequently at the Colonial-office, and he ad mitted that nothing could be more fair than the conduct of the Colonial -office here. What he complained of was the conduct of the Lieutenant-Governor. Such eom duct was neither politic nor honourable, even if it were lawful. He hail resided in Van Diemen's Land himself, and ho never knew an instance of a letter being opened except upon information on oath. That had been the practice since 1829. The Right Honour able Baronet the Member for Ripen (Sir James Graham) might have pleaded as his excuse for open ing letters on one occasion at the Post-office, that it was the general practice to open let ters here, as to say it was the practice so to do in Van Diemen's Land. He concluded by moving for an in quiry into the circumstances under which a letter ad , dressed by Mr. W. S. O'Brien to a Member of the House, complaining of his having been placed in solitary con finement by the present Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's Land, was intercepted and opened in that co lony by the local authorities. Mr. DICKSON seconded the motion. He pressed strcngly for relaxation of the punishment inflicted upon Mr. Smith O'Brien. Upon the question being put, Sir G. GREY said that he did not conceive that any grounrls bad been laid for a Parliamentary inquiry in this case. Ho could assure the Bon. Member that the opening of the letter of Mr. S. O'Brien addressed to him arose from no suspicion that he would countenance any thing improper, but it was the universal practice to open all letters of convicts who had not tickets of leave, and who were in that class in which Mr. Smith O'Brien of his own free choice had thought proper to remain. Mr. Smith O'Brien and his associates had forfeited their lives. By the mercy of the Crown their lives had been spared, and, under the circumstances, indulgences were granted to them which were not granted to others. Tickets of leave were granted to three of them. Mr. Smith O'Brien refused a ticket of leave, and it was by his own act only ho was now in that class whose letters were opened; and, being in that class, ho sought special exemption from it. They might deplore that ore who had been a member of that House had placed himself in the position that Mr. O'Brien wag now re duced to; but then it was not because he had been a member of net House that he had a right to claim treat ment which would he different from that inflicted upon him if he were a poor man, and had been convicted of the same crime. —(Hear.) He (Sir G. Grey) hoped he Ind sufficiently explained the circumstances under which these letters had been oocned. He could assure the Halve that they were opened without the slightest sus picion that anything improper had pas: el, and simply on account of the position is which the convict was placed by his own act, and which position naturally - led to the enforcement of esrtain reguietions. Mr. B. COCHRANE agreed with Sir G. Grey that the law must be carried out, and that there was no rea son to show favour to one class of convicts in preference to another. la his opinion the law should be executed fairly and conscientiously, without regard to the posi tion in society which the person convicted of a crime might fill. Mr. O'FLAHERTY,. in supporting the motion, ex pressed a hope that an opportunity would occur when her Majesty's Government might feel themselves justi fied in extending the Royal clemency to Mr. O'Brien, an act which, he could assure them, would be most grateful to the people of Ireland. Mr. HUM E was of opinion that Government had done as much as, under the circumstances, could have been expected from them. At the same time he thought that letters addressed by convicts to Members of Parliament should be allowed to pass unopened. The O'GOR \ION MALION.—The proposal of the Hon. Member fur Youghal had originated in the circum stance that the real of a letter addressed to himself had been violated by the governor. de (the O'Gorman Mahon) Id not believe that the governor would have ventured to open that letter if it had been addressed to the Lord Chancellor, the Speaker of the House of Commons, or any one of the law dignitaries of the country, and he could not see, therefore, why he should be allowed to open it when aeldressed to a private Member of Par liament. He protested against the doctrine laid down by Mr. Cochrane, that there was no distinc tion between the case of Mr. Smith O'Brien and that of any other convict. Mr. O'Brien's case was not analogous to that of other convicts. It was true that he had been subjected to condemnation after cer tain formularies had been gone through; but he (the O'Gorman Mahon) would candidly tell the House that, having been present at the trial at Clouser!, and having come from France to volunteer his evidence in favour of his Hon. Friend Mr. Smith O'Brien, he had watched with attention the proceedings at the trial, and that if the House would appoint a Committee, and he were ex seined before it, he would explain his reasons for the declaration that he was by no means satisfied with the course pursued at that trial, and the mode by which the conviction of the Hon. Gentleman was obtained. It was not his object, however, to rip that question up now; be merely volunteered his evidence if the House would appoint a Committee. He maintained that Mr. O'Brien was vest in the same category as other convicts. True, by the construction which was put upon the law he was found guilty of treason; but let the House mark what species of treason. It was treason unattended by the shedding of one single drop of blood. To be sure a child or au old woman was shot by accident; but there was no collision, and no destruction of property; and it was a notorious feet that but for his friend William Smith O'Brien blood would have been shed, lives would have been lost, and property would have been destroyed to an enormous amount. He having then, at the risk of his own life, prevented the spoliation of property and put a stop to the nefarious projects of others who sought to band themselv,s together, and urged him on to deeds which his soul disdained, and he himself having been the victim, would the Hon. Member again assert that there was no distinction to be drawn between the man who had thus acted, sacrificing him self that he might save others, and those convicts who had been thrust out from civilized society as a curse, and whose conduct justified the punishment they endured ? —(Elear, home) It was with extreme gratitude that he had listened to the observations which had dropped from Sir G. Grey; and he trusted that when the ap propriate time arrived the Government would have the satisfaction of advising her Majesty to an act of mercy which would ensure to her an addition—if addition were possible—to the attachment which already existed in the Irish bosom, and to Ministers themselves a participation in the gratitude of the nation. Mr. MONSELL said that, in all the communications he had had with the Government and the secretary for the Colonies upon this subject, he felt himself boand to state that they had shown every disposition in their power to meet the reasonable suggestions which he had taken the liberty to offer them. At the same time he must say that he was not so convinced that the colonial authorities had dealt with Mr. O'Brien in the same spirit.—(Hear.) The Hon. Gentleman then referred to a letter which had been received by a gentleman in Clare from a person in Van Diemen's Land, which was dated November 26th, and which stated that Mr. O'Brien had arrived in the colony about three weeks before; that having refused to accept his ticket of leave, he was treated by the Government in every respect as one of the worst convicts, except that he was not forced to labour or wear the convict's dress ; that he was not al lowed to have intercourse with any one, and that he was restricted to the same food as the other convicts, and prevented from purchasing anything whatever. He (Mr. Monsen) admitted that there might have been changes made since that period.—(hear, Le Li.) But if his Right Hon. Friend would take care that Mr. O'Brien should not be subjected to such restrictions, it would give great satisfaction to him (Mr. Monsen) and the other friends of Mr. O'Brien. Sir L. O'BRIEN said that, as some discredit had been thrown upon the statement which ho had made on a former occasion in that House, he bez,god to say that what he then stated was perfectly the truth. Ills au thority was a letter which had been addressed by his brother to Mr. Butt, Queen's Counsel; and any Hon. Gentleman who desired to read that letter was quite welcome to do so. He asked no more than that his brother should be treated with consideration in the un fortunate position in whi h he was placed; to aO.-; for his release would, ho knew, nude . : tho circumstances, be un reasonable.--(Hear, hear)) Me. HAWES could say, from his own knowledge of what had taken piece, that the Gorernor of Van Diemen's Land had been actuated only by one feeling, and that was a sense of duty both to the Crown and to the convicts.—(Hear, hear.) Since the letter which his Hon. Friend (Mr. Mansell) referred to was written, there had locea certain modifications in the regulations affect ing Mr. Smith O'Brien. With regard to his being con fined alon., that was the act of Mr. O'Brien himself, because unless he had been subjected to contaminating associations, ho must necessarily be confined in some place by himself. With regard to his dietary and place of confinement, in some degree favour had been shown to him which was not shown to other convicts, and to that extant the Governor might be open oven to some censure. After a few observations from Mr. Ewart, Mr. S. Crawford, Colonel Dunne. and Colonel Thompson, The House divided, and there appeared— For Mr. Anstey's motion Against it .. Majority against the motion —23 SUPPLY.—CIVIL SERVICE ESTIMATES. ... 45 The Houle haring gone into Committ?e of Supply, .. . _ On the vote of 125,000/. for education in Gre a t Britain being propased, Mr. EWART rose and moved, " That a statement be made on the part of the Government, on going into edu cation estimates (as is done on going int) the estimates for the army, navy, and ordnance), of the sums appro priated each year to the purposes of education; the at tribution of those sums; the relative increase of common schools of all sorts receiving grants from Government; the nucabEr and progress of schools of design; and of all educational institutions (including public libraries, and museums or galleries of art and science), for which money is voted by Parliament." With respect to the schools of design, it was an error to make the central school a place of instruction for pupils ; it should only be for the training of teachers. The instruction of females, too, was a matter that should be more at tended to. As to the general condition of all public educational establishments, especially the Museum, in its various departments, the National Gallery, and the Museum of Practical Geology, the public ought to know what was going on in them—what additions were made in these branches, and all other matters pertaining to their progress, and all those might be embodied in an explanatory statement of the Minister every year to the House. Sir G. GREY admitted the importance of the subject, but considered it would be extremely difficult for any Minister to make such a general statement as the Hon. Gentleman required, and which would be analogous to a general statement on the estimates of the army, navy, and ordnance by one Minister, instead of having each of those separate departments treated by the three separate Ministers to whose functions they belonged. With re spect to the vote before the House he was ready to give any information that was required, all the details con nected with which would be found in the minutes of the Committee of Council on Education which were an nually presented to the House, and which were in a very readable form, and not of the formidable dimensions of blue books generally. With respect to the schools of design the subject fell rather within the department of the Presikeit of the Board of Trade, who would aff nel all the requisite information on the subject. With respect to the schools in connexion with the Committee of Council, the various items of the grants made from the Ist of January, 1848, to the 31st of December, 1849, would be foiled given with detailed accounts in the estimates, which were in the hands of Members. It would be there seen that 627 schools, con taining no less than 97,307 pupils, had received grants, and that the total sum awarded was 106,803/. The re sult had bean most satisfactory in enabling trustees to build schools in proper places. The second item was that of grants to the amount of 5,5441. for the fitting up of 1,047 schools. The Right Hon. Baronet read some other items from the estimates in the hands of Members, and observed that a largo portion of the educational grant made by Parliament had been applied to increas ing the standard of educ ition in the schools. Mr. HUME suggested that, as in F rance , a statement of the progress of public education should appear in the newspapers. He considered that more ought to be done than had yet been effected fn. p rom oting national education, the deficiency of which was plainly indicated by the official reports on the subject. He sug gested that the national schools should be furnished with maps, h av i ng statistical statements attached to them, of th e B r i t i sh empire, like the maps use din the Prussian schools. SLANEY concurred in thinking that it would be satisfactory if there was an annual statement laid before Parliament of the condition and prospects of the public educational e stablishments. The progress of education did not correspond with the wants of the country, or with the increase o f the population, espe cially amencst the humbler class es . He thought that a Bill should be introduced to enable parishes to assess themselves fur the purposes of education. Mr. W. J. FOX inquired how it was that in the last published criminal tables the usual statement of the number of criminals who could read, write, were educated, or otherwise. was omitted? Sir G. GREY was not aware of the omission. He would inquire into the matter. Mr. SPOONER complained of the heavy i tem for expense of management of the educational grant nam:ly, 17,450/ Sir G. G REY said that sam wag not for expense of management—there were 16,0001. of it fur salaries and travelling expenses of the inspectors. The vote was then agreed to. On the vote of 125,0001. for the expenses of the Com ° missioners of National Eduertion in Ireland, Mr. HUME wished to know what had been the sue' cess of the model farms? . _ Sir W. SOMERVILLE was under the impression that a report, containing a very satisfactory statement on the subject, had already been made. Mr. HENLEY asked how it was that the education inspectors in Ireland received no more than 250/. each. while so much more was paid to the English inspectors? Sir G. GREY said their time was so much less occa . pied than that of the English inspectors. Mr. HENLEY observed that they were employed on an average nine months in the year. The vote was then agreed to. 01 the vote of 14,755/. for schools of design and pro" vinciels, Mr. EWART expressed a hope that the Governmen t would make some statement as to the increase which bad taken place in the amount of this vote. Mr. LABOUCHERE said it was true that the vote wis increased by nearly 5,0001. since last year. It was caused in a very great degree by what was called the omfit-fond, and there was scarcely any way in which the Government could more effectually promote the object in view than by furnishing these schools with good models and the best specimens of sculpture, which were supplied at a small cost. Another object in view was to extend to Ireland the benefit of these schools of design—(Heart hear)-1,5001. had been granted towards their establish' ment in Dublin, Belfast, and Cork; and he was bound to say that the schools already established had been gratefully received by the inhabitants, who had come forward to assist the efforts cf the Government. He had been in cersespondence with Lord Clarendon, and had every reason to believe that they would be as successfu l there as in England. The corporation of Cork had sub' scribed 200/. a year towards them. Mr. lIUM.E was fully sensible of the advantages arising from these schools, but wished to know how it wes that Birmingham, which subscribed nothing, ye; ceived 6001. a year. . Sheffield again received 600/. ono only subscribed 215/. It was not right either that Nottingham should receive 450/., when it subscribed only 2011. Mr. LABOUCHERE admitted the importance of making the grants and subscriptions balance eac:h other* and this was kept in view by the Government as. far as circumstances would permit, though, in some instance , it had been found expedient to depart from it. In Bit' naingham be believed a liberal ennscription- had been en' tered into, but the return had not been male in tiCilet and the same observation applied to Ireland, but they would appear next year. Mr. IIEADLAM complained of the injustice which had been done to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the grant, having been discontinued in 1848. Mr. HUME a3ked if it was intended to continue to receive ordinary pupils in the metropolitan schoolit which were originally supposed to be limited to the in' struction of masters? Mr. LABOUCHERE said it vral certainly tot la'', tended to make the metropolitan establishments strictli normal schools. London beirl a great manufacturiog place, it was important that students should have the, means of obtaining instruction there. • Mr. HUME ob6orved that in that case London 0 , 0 8 also to contribute. '. The vote was then agreed to. On the vote of 2 006/., for the salaries of cer esi o professors in the Universities of Oxford and Caeibrielet Mr. EWART urged on the Committee the impor tanco of providing for the establishment of a profess' a" ship of history, in connexion with diplomacy, in cpr Universities—a department common in all the Univer ties abroad. When the professorships of modern histe r/ were established at Oxford and Cambridge, in the Oa° of Sir R. Walpole, it was with the view of connect tag with it the study of diplomacy. He did not propol that degrees should be taken in that department; 0 ' knowledge, but certificates of competency migh'; b e granted. He thought our young diplomatists sh 00 1 j undergo a regular examination, as it was the case nat l in many branches of the public service. Mr. FIUME also thought no attache; ought to b' employed without having passed a preliminary esteem; nation, and they ought also to possess a knowledge ° the language spoken in the country where they wee' employed. Mr. W. J. FOX thought that before being called on t ° spend the public money they ought to know wheat le r the lectures delivered by the professors in question wet' to bo for the benefit of the public, or were to be coo; fined to the wealthiest class of the community, On those who entertained an exclusive class of theoloeo o °' opinions. Mr. C. LEWIS feared the Hon. Member for Dude fries, in referring to foreign Universities, had in his el° the science of diplomatice taught in the German Usli versities, which had nothing to do with the sciences diplomacy, but related to diplomas or ancient deeds. Mr. EWART begged to assure the Hon. Gentlener that ho was perfectly aware of the distinction. Mr. GLADSTONE reminded the Committee, tJig t although the public was good enough to pay 1,0004 1 , 0 each of the Universities, it impo s ed a very heavy 10' upon the granting of degrees. H e th oug h t t h e tax €l4. tremely heavy and unjust, and unworthy a great naeacal. He entertained a sanguine bops that the alterations re; cently made at Oxford would necessarily lead to a site °, 7 ,/ of these matters relating to diplomacy and the law ,a' a l nations in its most extended and i m p ortant sense. IP.; hoped also that the public libraries of these Univee s it ir would be male more generally av a ilabl e t o th e studeta'e and the public. Mr. LENNARD said that at Cambridge there We° lectures upon the law of nations and modern histo: 11' which were very numerously attended. Great fecal were also afforded in the library of that University, a 0 no difficulty was experienced in obtaining books at g al time. Mr. V. SMITH said, if the withdrawing of the eata on degrees would meet the expenses of the profee ships. he thought it would be most desirable to get rt of them, and et&ct thereby an arrangement that wt it ld be more satisfactory to all parties. He though t highly objectionable that the votes for the different 15 0 1 ' versities and academies should be included in the (es a' mates and discussed in that House every year. Mr. EWART hoped that some arrangement would b ° made by the Noble Lord at the head of the foreign .die partment by which those agents who were in futures t p „ represent that count r y a b roa d wou ld not ex hibi ts °: great an ignorance of the first principles of diplonzu as had been too often witnessed. Lord PALMERSTON said some such arranger*/ had been for some ti me i n curatemplation; and he bet P e , to be able to have an examination instituted for tb receiving their first commission. Mr. ANSTEY said in almost every foreign con *VI they had a department of public law, and he mi g ht; Pe stance particularly Russia, in which it was necessar y 1° „ obtain some pr o ficiency before the lowest diplov tat', post would b e c o n ferred on any candidate. Al . tb`: Government officials were in that way conversant With matters of which their diplomatic agents were .pa°, founclly ignorant, thanks to the education the'youtv ge' so a of the ari4oeracy received at their Universities. Mr. STANFORD defended the course of ecleemaion pursued at their Universities, and observed that it sa° ; only necessary to look for a moment at the long list ° distinguished mon, both at home and abroad; who. bad graduated at these Universities, to prove that they sessed attainments of the very highest description. 0 1 complained also of the utter neglect of the Govern WO . ; in conferring appointments upon men who had p, L oco through their University career with the greatest honour' contrasting it with the manner in which the Governrcie a t "' ) abroad conferred their most important diplomatic: or pointments upon those who had distinguished themsajce ° in the foreign Universities. Mr. A. if. HOPE said that they had many distill: guishel Members in that House who had graduated 0 ' these Universities. The Right Hon. Baronet the Mt 03 : ber for Tam worth—for whose recent calamity they ni WIZ all feel the deepest sorrow—was one of them.—(Hee C. , At the age of twenty-one he was placed in a most p CO• minent and honourable position, b ecaus e h e was a d ou b l e class man at Oxford. He did not think it fair to chs rg e the Government with this neglect. The vote was agreed to. 3,6671., to defray the expenses of the University o f London, was also agreed to. 7,480/. was also agreed to for the Scottish Universi y. Mr. EWART reminded the Committee of a petit io° presented from the inhabitants of Aberdeen, complai niD , g of the college library being closed to th em , although i t was supported out of the Consolidated Fund. He h )potl, that the Government would cons id er the propr i et y o , ` affording the people free ingress to these regions knowledge. Mr. HUME also urged upon the Government the nee cessity of making these libraries more applicable to public purposes. Mr. DUNCAN having expressed himself to the also° effect, Mr. F. MAULE said the attention of the Govern' went had been turned to this subject. The Committee. however, should perceive that the Government had wilt little control over these libraries. The library of Edin' burgh was for students exclusively. The vote was then agreed to. The following votes Were also agreed to:- 3001. towards defraying the expenses of the Roya l Hibernian Academy, and 6,5001. for the Royal Dublin Society. 4,1001. for theological professors in Belfast as cots' pensation for professors of the Belfast Academical Dr stitntion. Mr. V. SMITH wished to ask why there was an ity crease of 5001. in the former vote, and of 1,0001. in th e present? Sir W. SOMERVILLE said that the extra 500/. is the former vote was for building a hothouse apparatus. In respect to the B e lf as t A ca d em i ca l I ns tit ut i on , there were retiring allowances granted to five professors on the opening of the Queen's College, and gratuities t° others. These items would not of course be repeated i° any future vote. Mr. HUME asked why these five professors were 1 1(4 appointed to the new colleges? Sir W. SOMERVILLE said all that could be eP" pointed had been appointed. The vote was then agreed to. 35,569/. for defrayi ng th e ex p enses o f th e ne w but ings at the British Museum. Mr. WYLD complained of the smallness of the library" room, and the w an t o f accommo d at i on f ir e i t h e r 0 3e visitors or b oo k s . Th ere were 40,000 volumes added t" the library within the last year. Any person frequentil this place must at once see the difficulty of procuring o book published two or three years ago. There was 13 proper catalogue published. id The CHANCELLOR o f th e EXCHEQUER i st r that the usual time km giving the informative takou THE SU 276 tl3l 353 JULY '2, 1850. Nvh for Ge sio ma At the Oth the ;,aetl pei it COI dei the for Br Di th tit tit otl