The Sun. — London, England, 1868-04-08 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. Dealing with the impeachment of the President of the 'United States, the :Times remarks : So far as the case has gone, the Senate appear to be desirous of giving a fair judgment on the issues before them, and the Chief Justice is manifestly resolved to preserve the impartiality and dignity of his office. The demand for time to prepare their defence has not been conceded to the President's counsel to the extent they sought, but the limited number of days allowed will probably prove sufficient to exhaust all that can be urged on points so narrow as those presented by the impeachment. The advo cates for the defence are among the ablest law yers of the States, including the late Attorney- General, a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, and the accomplished lawyer sent to England by Mr. Lin coln at the time of the war to support Mr. Adams in his communications with our Court. But if the technical nature of the issues involved in this great trial makes it interesting to lawyers, it exhibits also the passion of the prosecutors at the bar of the Senate. The impeachment is another illustration of the jealousy of democratic assemblies of all rivalry, and is so far a discourage ment to the friends of free government. It is little consolation that the party now predominant should, as all elections shew, be losing its power over the people of the North, because all that can be hoped for by this change of sentiment is that one tyrant majority shall be succeeded by another, and perhaps a worse. The true lesson to be derived from the spectacle of American parties is different, and can only be indicated. The recklessness and violence of conduct of political affairs do not spring from too great a development of freedom, but from too little. They are ultimately due to the fact that by the imperfect electoral machinery of the States the Congress is not a council of the nation, but a delegation of a victo rious party. Reviewing the Paraguayan war, the Post observes that there is one substantial advantage which the Brazilians claim to have obtained, albeit upon a very precarious tenure, and that is the opening of the Paraguay river. If, however, Humaita can be still held, the Brazilian fleet nay have to run the gauntlet of its batteries again on some future day, in returning to the sea. Above Asuncion the Paraguayans are said to be still in possession of a fleet of war steamers. If Humaita were abandoned, as Asuncion has been already, the Paraguay river would indeed be opened—and this is said to be one of the chief objects at which the allies have aimed. Its per manent freedom, however, would still be depen dent upon the ultimate issue of the war. Whether the late events will make the Paraguayans lose heart or not is in a great measure a question of resources—a question of recruiting the army, paying and feeding it. On this subject there are not sufficient data for forming a decided opinion. According to some ac counts the Paraguayans are completely exhausted and their resources eaten up ; there are no men left to recruit the army ; no supplies to be had for maintaining it in the field. According to other authorities they are not by any means in the deplorably straitened condition which many suppose. The Paraguayans keep their own counsel, and in their last despatches the allies seem quite in the dark about their enemy's movements and intentions ; his " tenacity " seems to be beyond doubt. There can be no question at all, however, that these successes have come just in time for the allies, who were getting very tired of their no progress, and this will serve to account for t'aeir inflated congratulations, such, for instance, as the boast by the Brazilian commander that his fleet has done what the united navies of Europe would have failed to do if they had had the temerity to attempt. The Daily News regards Lord Malmesbury's resolutions for reforming the House of Lords as a failure. The Minister who cannot prepare two simple standing orders such as the House can adopt is hardly the man to guide and direct and moderate it under circumstances of political difficulty. Such clumsiness in details, in matters of form and procedure, as to notices of questions and the composi tion of committees, gives no promise of judgment, or skill, or prudence in the management of the haute politique which is looming in the distance. It is all very well to say that in Lord Cairns he has a man of eloquence, learning, and tact ; but Lord Cairns as yet is chiefly known as an extreme and able partisan. Confi dence is a plant of -slow growth in aristocratic, as Lord Chatham on a memorable occasion said it was in aged, bosoms. And, wanting Lord Derby, in what member of the Cabinet ought the House of Lords now to have confidence ? On the Opposition bench in the House of Lords sit statesmen of experience, of great and varied judgment, of deep and profound convictions, united to an enlightened policy. How is so feeble a man as Lord Malmesbury has this session shewn himself to be, able to lead an immoral and now a retrograde Government in that House against the combined ability of Earl Gran ville, the Earl of Kimberley, the Duke of Argyll, and Earl Russell ? This is a question that must be beamin g on Mr. Disraeli, as it is soon likely to be felt by the nation. The difficulties iu the War Office have arisen, says the Standard, from the existence of so many different depart ments, without any real or efficient controlling authority over them all. The Secretary of State, overwhelmed a.= lw is with questions of moment and parliamentary business, has no such power. He has gradually collected under him a tribe of under-secretaries and assistant under secretaries ; but they only add to the trouble by forming so many more steps through which every matter must pass before reaching the chief authority, thus increasing the number of endorsements on the documents. Daily routine overwhelms them, too, and they can do nothing towards simplifying the system. Hence arose the appointment of Lord Strathnairn's committee, and its investigation of War Department affairs ; and hence has arisen the ap pointment of Sir Henry Storks as Controller-in-Chief,with the sole and special duty, for the present, of examining the work of these many departments, with a view to their simplification. As Controller-in-Chief his duty will then be to control them when simplified ; and so we have taken another step in the direction of the French system— another step towards centralisation and control. Sir John Pakington sheaved very clearly the advantage already derived from this course. An able and elaborate report on the subject of audit has been drawn up and presented by Sir Henry Storks and his assistant, General Balfour, shewing, how to increase both economy and efficiency in that branch. Already Sir John Paking ton feels himself in a position to state that the adoption of the plan suggested for a Department of Control will probably cause a saving of some £25,000 on an annual expenditure of £175,000, giving greatly increased effi ciency. Changes in the transport system are in progress with a view to the introduction of an expansive system, and other matters have yet to be decided. But the War Minister assured the House of Commons of his firm belief that when the plans to which he alluded are fully carried out they will result in solid improvement in the efficiency of the army, and a decided reduction in expenditure. The Herald, in the course of some remarks on the matter of the French Empire, says : There are domestic causes for the general diStrust of the intentions of the Imperial Government, which are more influential, because more enduring, than foreign sources of disquietude. We do not refer particularly to the ex tensive military pre parations of Marshal Niel, or to the Army Reorganisation Bill of last year. It is most natural that the Emperor, after the startling events of 1866, should wish so to re model his forces as to place France on a footing of poten tial equilibrium alongside of the vast armed hosts of Ger many and Russia. Nor do we attach must weight to the many unauthenticated stories about the doings and sayings of Prince Napoleon, who went to Germany for his own satisfaction, and came back for the same. What we have in view is something quite different. That these doubts pre vail—that these rumours are constantly floating—is one of the regrettable accidents of that system of personal government which prevails in France, and which, perhaps, is best for France. It is certainly, as far as it goes, an argument in favour of the parliamentary system. Here, or in Austria, Ministers are responsible to Parliament, which will not suffer them to say one thing and mean another ; to speak of peace, for example, while preparing for war. An Emperor like Napoleon is his own Prime Minister. He may change his mind, if he pleases, as often as his coat. He is responsible to no one for his intentions, and no one can call him to give a public account of them. It is not because the Emperor of the French is preparing for war, but because he may make war whenever he pleases, that the public mind of France is uneasy and the Bourse is agitated. His great responsibility is a danger both to himself and to his cotntry ; it will certainly be a relief, it will perhaps be a benefit to both, when the load can be lightened by putting part of it on other shoulders. Whatever may have been the cause of Prince Napo leon's somewhat unexpected visit to Berlin, the Telegraph has no doubt that the result of his journey has been favourable to the interests of peace. Since the return of his Imperial Highness, the lan.:;nage of the French papers has been far more cordial towa: di Prussia than it was before ; and, contrary to the impression which com monly prevailed, the Prince is now understood to be a decided partisan of a steadfast alliance with the great North German Power. Since the panic which followed the victory of Sadowa has died away, and the irritation created by the sudden aggrandisement of Prussia has exhausted itself, Frenchmen are beginning to recognise the obvious truth, that the independence and greatness of their country are not incompatible with the existence of a united Germany. THE BISHOPRIC OF EXETER.—The Church Netcs states that the Bishop of Exeter is about to resign his see, and that the Rev. Canon Courtenay, a brother of the Earl of Devon, is apolgn of as his successor. THE PUBLIC HEALTH. The following is the weekly return by the Registrar- General of births and deaths in London and in 13 other large towns of the United Kingdom :-- In the week that ended on Saturday, April 4, 4,971 births and 3,053 deaths were registered in London and in 13 other large towns of the United Kingdom. The annual rate of mortality was 25 per 1,000 persons living. The annual rate of mortality last week was 22 per 1,000 in London, 26 in Edinburgh, and 27 in Dublin ; 28 in Bristol, 26 in Birmingham, 29 in Liverpool, 29 in Manchester, 29 in Salford, 21 in Sheffield, 23 in Leeds, 20 in Hull, 22 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and 32 in Glasgow. The rate in Vienna was 36 per 1,000 during the week ending the 28th ult., when the mean temperature was 3 . 0 deg. Fahrenheit lower than in the same week in:London ,where the rate was 22. In London the births of 1,192 boys and 1,183 girls, in all 2,375 children, were registered in the week. In the corresponding weeks of ten years, 1858'67, the average number, corrected for increase of population, is 2,197. The deaths registered in London during the week were 1346.' It was the fourteenth week of the year, and the average number of deaths for that week is, with a correction for increase of population, 1,547. The deaths in the present return are less by 201 than the estimated number. The annual rate of mortality was 23 per 1,000 in West London, 21 in North London, 21 in Central London, 24 in East London, and 23 in South London. The deaths from zymotic diseases were 252, the corrected average number being 326. Seventeen deaths from smallpox, 46 from measles, 12 from scarlatina, 11 from diphtheria. 58 from whooping-cough, 24 from fever, and 23 from diarrbcea were registered. One hundred and eighty-six deaths oc curred from phthisis, 147 from bronchitis, 70 from pneumonia, 65 from diseases of the heart. The deaths of 5 persons from burns or scalds, of 3 persons from drown ing, of 11 from suffocation, of 6 persons who committed suicide, and of 3 persons who were killed by horses or carriages in the streets were registered. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in this week was 30 - 196 in. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 45'2 deg., which is o'6 deg. above the average of the same week in fifty years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The highest day temperature was 67'8 deg., on Saturday, the 4th of April. The lowest night temperature was 28'1 deg„ on Monday, the 30th of March. The entire range of temperature in that week was, therefore, 391 deg. PROTECTION FOR TRADES SOCIETIES FUNDS. At a recent meeting of the Manchester and Salford Trades Council the following correspondence between the council and Mr. Justice Lush was read, in reference to the case of William Dodd, recently tried at the Spring Assizes for forgery and appropriation of the funds of the Operative Painters' Society, and was authorised to be forwarded to the newspapers for the benefit of the public and the trade societies of the United Kingdom :—" Three Crowns Inn, Salford, March 19, 1868.—T0 Sir Robert Lush, Judge of her Majesty's Court of Queen's Bench. —My Lord, I am instructed, on behalf of the above-named council (composed of thirty-two trades, all located in Manchester, and numbering over 9,000 members, to re turn to yourself and your honourable colleague, Justice Mellor, their sincere and heartfelt thanks for the im portant decision pronounced during the present assizes in Manchester, in reference to the case of William Dodd, late treasurer to the-Manchester Operative House Painters' Society, which body is a branch of our council. It was in the belief that the law would protect the honest and faith ful subjects of her Majesty in the possession of their funds, accumulated against a period of depression in trade, sick ness, or death, and against the malpractices of any of the officials of such societies, that the Manchester and Salford Trade Council encouraged the officers of the before-named society to prosecute the said William Dodd, they pledging that the council would use every endeavour to procure pecuniary assistance to enable them to do so effectually, their own funds having been reduced through the dishonourable action of the said individual. The understood lax state of the law has, for several years past, led to the defrauding of many societies whore members have failed to prosecute in the belief that they had no locus stundi. Hence moral obligations have been violated, and encouragement offered for the continuance of dishonest practices, and many have been tempted to appropriate such funds in the belief that no punish ment awaited them. The case " Hornby v. Close" was tried on behalf of a considerable number of members of trades unions who are registered under the Friendly Societies Act, and upon the failure of that case much agitation has taken place, members of Parliament waited upon, and a bill prepared by efficient lawyers to meet the case. It is a source of congratulation to the council that your lordship's decision has rendered future agitation unnecessary, and placed the trade societies in that position which they conceive to be the privilege of all faithful subjects to enj , iy.— I am, my lord, your obedient servant, W. 11. Wow), Secretary." In reply to the above com munication the following letter has been received :—" As size Courts, Manchester, Judges' Lodgings, March 21, 1838. -- Mr. Justice Lush begs to acknowledge the receipt of a letter from Mr. Wood, written as secretary to and on behalf of the Manchester and Salford Trades Council. As one of the judges who decided the case of Iforziby v. Close,' lie learnt at the trial of William Dodd, with equal surprise and regret, the erroneous views which had been taken of the effect of that decision, and the bad use which had been made of it by un principled men, and he agrees with the council that it is a cause of congratulation that these mistaken notions have been dispelled. At the same time he thinks it right, having regard to the last paragraph of Mr. Wood's letter, to caution the council against falling into error on the other side, and inferring too much from the judgment in Dodd's case. Cases may arise, particularly in civil matters, in which a large and fluctuating body, not having a corpo rate character, may be defeated in a just claim by the technicalities of procedure." MISSION TO WOMEN DISCHARGED FROM PRISON. A meeting of the friends and supporters of this institu tion has been held in 'Willis's Rooms. In the absence of Lord Shaftesbury, who is abroad, and slightly indisposed, the chair was taken by Lord Henry Cholmondeley, who was accompanied on the platform by Major Martin Petrie, Captain Fishbourne, the Rev. Lloyd Jones, ordinary of Newgate, and Sir Walter Crofton. Letters were read from the Earl of Cavan, the Earl of Devon, and the Rev. Foster Rogers, chaplain of Winchester Gaol. Chiefly through the instrumentality of Miss Meredith, a home for the class indicated in the metropolitan districts was opened in June 1866, in Kensington-park road, at the cost of £470 Os. 54d. Since that period 98 women have passed through the probationary home, of whom only three have been recommitted to prison. Forty women have gone to situations without entering the home, 18 children have been taken charge of, 13 have been received again at home, 5 remain chargeable to the mission ; 325 women have been helped in other ways; 900, or thereabouts, have attended meetings ; 600 have been visited in their haunts ; 4 mission rooms are open ; 96 Bible meetings and 74 sewing classes have been held. Owing to the abolition of transporta tion, convicts arc thrown entirely on the home public, the relapse of many of whom into crime is frequently traceable to the difficulties they encounter in earning a livelihood. The remarkable fact that out of the 4,310 women committed to prison in one year more than once, 2,419 have been above ten times imprisoned, is probably ascribable to this cause. Being able-bodied, they are excluded from poor-law relief, while their want of character preclu les them from the only resource from the repetition of crime —employment. It is the purpose of the society to relieve these women by giving them profitable occupation in the home, and retaining them under good influence after liberation, in order to enable them to regain their character. It is proposed to set up washhouses, and to hire the women by the day to work in them. From estimates made there appear to be in London alone about 2,000 women in need of the aid the society desires to give. Be tween 5,000 and 6,000 children belong to these, sharing their poverty and learning their crimes. For the aid of these a nursery and a school, with a colonial branch for girls, are in contemplation. By the speeches of the chair man and others, and from the report read by the secre tary, it would appear that in a religious point of view, especially both at the home and through the agency of missionaries, the society has been instrumental in re claiming many of the worst of female thieves, inclu ding burglars, colliers, and shoplifters. Photographs of some of these, as well as a real ticket of leave, were shewn to and handed round the m, eting, which consisted c7defly of benevolent ladies. Mr. Ile tl Jones, alluding to a meeting that afternoon of thoie directing the Sheriffs' Fund, said they would be glad to afford assistance to suitable persens in this home who had been tried at the Central Criminal Court. The lowest class of all criminals, and the worst to reclaim, are those who take to getting a living by uttering counterfeit coin. A bad shilling could be bought for twopence, half-a-crown for fourpence, a two-shilling piece for threepence, a five-shilling-piece for sixpence, and so on. Ho believed that in nineteen cases out of twenty the utterer escaped detection. He thought the establishment of washhouses very feasible, as washing and ironing formed the great occupations in prisons. After brief remarks by Sir Walter Crofton and Captain Gardiner Fishbourne, the meeting separated. THE_ERIELRAILWAY FIGHT -VANDER- I3ILT VERSUS DREW. (From the Anglo-American Times.) Amalgamation and consolidation in railways, in express companies, and other joint-stock under takings have lately been the order of the day in New York. The express companies have success fully united so as to form a monopoly, which many fear will be more beneficial to the shareholders than to the public. The railway consolidation movement has been headed by Commodore Vanderbilt, a man of great administrative ability, courage, and deter mination, backed by a large fortune. He succeeded in obtaining the control of the New York Central, the Hudson River, the Harlem, and securing an overriding influence in other lines. The power this has thrown into his hands is enormous ; indeed not unlike that exercised by Hudson, the Commo dore being styled in New York, as Hudson was in England, " the Railway King." Vanderbilt, after overcoming all opposition, used his influence to correct abuses ; but in this he raised up a host of enemies, while he received a strong support from the shareholders generally. Albany was disgusted by an improvement which enabled travellers to pass through without delay ; Rochester was enraged by a freight tariff which compelled it to pay in proportion to its distance ;—the former used its influence in the New York Legislature in endea vouring to pass bills by which Vanderbilt and his associates should be ousted from the control. Au Act had been passed in 1848, which provides that a certain portion of the Directors shall be residents of the section traversed by the read, and all must be residents of the State. This law was violated in the last elections. Rochester increased the tax on the railway property within the city limits from $30,000 to $40,000. Strong as Vanderbilt was in the direction of the lines he controlled, he was still opposed even on his own ground. These were the circumstances when he set to work to absorb the Erie, where the rival king Daniel Drew reigned supreme. For many years Mr. Drew managed the Erie, being its treasurer and most in fluential director. Long ago when the line threatened to sink into irretrievable bank ruptcy he invested his whole fortune in its shares, and gave it the benefit of his credit and of his abilities. The Erie is, more than any other, the gambler's stock in Wall-street. What the Metro politan is on the London Stock Exchange in a mi l d way, the Erie has been on a grand scale . in New York. Combinations have been formed to " bear" it, and counter-combinations to " bull" it. Influ ential men have always led in these conspiracies generally with an ulterior object. Mr. Drew has been deeply engaged in these speculations, and wholly controlling as he did the line, he has thus derived a vast profit. The Philadelphia correspon dent of the Times says that during seven years its price fluctuated from 17, in April, 1861, to 126 in March, 1864 ; to 45 in the same month in the fol lowing year, while now it flies up and down from 70 to 80. The syndicates working against Drew have invariably come to grief, and of this the most noticeable instance occurred about two years ago. A party formed in Wall-street pur chased largely, and the price advanced, so as to leave Mr. Drew a heavy loser, as he had sold heavily for future delivery. How he managed to overwhelm his opponents was afterwards shown in the New York courts. The board borrowed from him $3,500,000, giving him convertible bonds and new stock as collateral security. Turning the bonds into stock, with that issued to him, he made up 58,000 shares, which, as an avalanche, he threw at once upon the market, instantly carrying down the shares 40 per cent., and annihilating all engaged in the " bull" operations. Mr. Vanderbilt having successfully carried out his New York Central schemes turned his attention to the Erie Railway, and with his backers commenced picking up the stock. The Erie, like the Atlantic and Great Western, was constructed through a thinly-peopled country, ending, at a point on Lake Erie, without even a name! It was projected to develope a rich terri tory, and the views of its founders have been jug tilled by the result. Originally its route commenced at a spot on the Hudson, 25 miles from New York, but by piercing Weehawken it has brought its ter minus to the harbour of New York, and perhaps done more for that city thin any work yet pro jtcted. By its connection with the Atlantic and Great Western it gives a direct road to St. Louis entering the valley of the Mississippi, and with Chicago, as well as with the whole western railroad system by the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern roa 's. To all but its shareholders it has been an inestimable benefit, but to them through its un fortunate management it has been l littler better than a curse. It extends over 528 miles, and cost $39,328,000, yielding a gross receipt of $12,000,000 annually. The fluctuations since January have been very great, the rise being steady at first from a low figure to 78. The dealers in Fancy Stocks, aware that Vanderbilt was at the bottom of the move ment, bought the shares, although it was known that the dreaded Drew was not engaged in it. Sud denly their complacency was disturbed ; large par cels of stock were pressed for sale, and down Erie went to 66, amidst rumours of impending disclo sures, almost producing a panic. It then became known that Drew and his backers were the actors in the counter-movement. But now the two great chiefs were face to face—Greek had met Greek —and the real tug of war began. Drew had com mitted himself largely to future delivery of Stock, and the Vanderbilt party, purchasing as fast as the " bears" sold, in spite of Drew thrust up the market until it reached 83, buying more largely than ever before known on the New York Stock Exchanges. Simultaneously an injunction was procured to re strain Drew from using the shares converted from the Bonds—a conversion alleged to be fraudulent. It was publicly announced that Vanderbilt, at the head of the greatest combination ever formed in New York, had determined to add the Erie to the other railways already hold by him, and the two cham pions were thus committed to a life-and-death struggle. Drew worked in a different court, from which he procured an injunction restraining him from completing any of his "short" orders, and otherwise confusing the legal rights of the parties. Then he threw 50,000 new shares upon the market, and the stock which on the 9th March had reached 83 fell next day to 72. To prevent Vanderbilt from raising money he withdrew from circulation $7,000,000 of greenbacks, thus creating an artificial stringency which made it most difficult for any one to borrow. Vanderbilt rushed off to Philadelphia to negotiate a ten-million loan, in which he failed, as Drew had been busy working on the fears of the capitalists, and of the rivals of the Vanderbilt lines, and secured the support of those controlling the 'Western extensions connected with the Erie, as well as the Pennsylvanian Central, and the Balti more and Ohio roads. Having formed the sup porters of the more Southern routes into a formid able combination against Vanderbilt, he was pre pared for his adversary's further attacks. The Commodore having failed in Philadelphia, suc ceeded in procuring a loan of six millions sterling from foreign houses by pledging his entire railway pro perty. Thus reinforced, he again entered the field and procured an order for the seizure of the railway accounts, and the arrest of the Erie directors, in cluding Drew, for contempt, from the Court which had issued the injunction he had disregarded, to re strain him from selling the newly converted shares. The board hurried across the Hudson River to Jersey City w ith the entire office of the Erie Rail way, and thus placed themselves beyond the reach of arrest in the State of New York. A temporary office was established at Taylor's hotel with the books, pipers, and money of the company, and the exodus of the board was complete, with the excep tion of the Vice-President Diven, who was caught and lodged in gaol. Two of the directors got off in a small boat at night and were lost in a fog, escap ing Vanderbilt's emissaries, who watched the sta tions and ferries. When Drew bad enthroned himself in Jersey City, he surrounded his office with a cordon of sentinels. Thus affairs stood during the 12th and 13th March, but on the 14th the war, which for that space had failed, " Now trebly thundering shook the gale, and Vander bilt was the cry !" Vanderbilt's counsel ap peared in the New York Court, and secured the THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVEN appointment of his son-in-law, George A. Osgood, as a receiver to take charge of the money accruing from the extra issue of shares made by Drew. The Vice-President was produced, and bailed ; and the shares rose to 751 ; but Drew, who seemed to have unlimited powers of manufacturing stock, again flooded the market, and down they went to 71:1. The day closed with loud threats ; the Drew party defying the warrants of the New York Court, and their oppo nents threatening to seize the property of the Direc tors, who aided him, each being supported by the different courts to which they applied, confounding the confusion already prevailing. Monday was the 16th, and the Vanderbilt party having failed in their legal proceedings agains t their opponents,hired a gang of 40 roughs,who were to receive $50,000 if they cap tured Drew, his associates, and the books of the coin pany. They proceeded to the Erie Long Dock, but failed there to catch the directors, and feared to attack them at the hotel, where they remained armed to the teeth, with the approaches guarded. The police force of the town was called out, and armed patrols of citizens protected the streets. On that day the Drew party applied to the Drew Court, and procured an injunction to prevent George A. Osgood from acting as receiver until the llth April, when the case was to be argued, and they have an nounced their intention of proceeding against the three Erie directors who support Vanderbilt for damages, which they lay at two million dollars, for the interruption the business of the company had suffered. While this battle was progressing the contest at the Stock Board was renewed, Drew again "bearing" heavily, succeeded in pressing down the shares from 72 to 66, causing a general panic in the railway market, two banking houses in the Vanderbilt interest being reported to have failed. The indefatigable Drew was not content with fight ing the battle on his own ground, but carried the war into the enemy's camp. lie fomented a general strike for wages on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroads, by which thousands of the Vanderbilt labourers have turned out. The report of the Executive Committee, dated March 9, was also published. the power of the board is therein maintained to convert into stock and sell the bonds of the com pany under the general railroad law. " Our pre decessors," it states, "had claimed and exercised the right as early as 1863, had reported the same to the Legislature, and had continued to exercise the right, and to report their actions to the Legislature without criticism. The New York Central Rail road Company had exercised the same right also, to the amount of over $3,000,000, and had from time to time reported their doings to the Legisla ture without criticism, and the holders of stock created by such conversions in each company had exercised their right of voting as stockholders with out challenge. The same may be said of the Hud son Railroad Company, and of most of the railroad companies in this State. The construction of the law was universal in favour of the right to issue convertible bonds, and to convert those bonds into stock if called upon, even though the amount of capital stock should be increased thereby beyond the amount named in the charter; and it never en tered into our heads to doubt a right so uni versally claimed and exercised." The report goes on to allude to the suits instituted in the name of Mr. Frank Work, then a director of the board, wherein he charged a former board in collusion with Mr. Drew with frauds in his contracts with the company, as well as the present board in per mitting the conversion of the Buffalo, Bradford, and Pittsburgh Railroad stock. It is also urged against him that he obtained the summary removal of Mr. Drew from his office as director, and peti tioned for his removal from his office as treasurer, although he had voted for Drew both as director and treasurer, knowing the facts which he alleges to be fraudulent. The Report states that Mr. Work was placed on the board in the interest of the Hudson River and Central Railroads, and on the Erie board refusing tobecome parties to the gigantic monopoly schemes of Vanderbilt for the benefit of the Central line he went over to the enemy. The legal opinion given by Mr. Charles O'Connor is that any certificates of stock issued by the directors of the company are valid, but if the eminent lawyer gave this opinion there are many who wholly dis sent from it. To create and sell unlimited stock is acknowledged to be beyond the power granted by the charter. It is clearly a ruinous policy for any directors to act on. The broad fact is certain, that Daniel Drew is gambling with the interests en trusted to him by the proprietors. Do the stock holders suppose that they can be benefited by their shares being deprived of all value? Yet this is clearly Mr. Drew's object. He has sold a vast number of if he cannot buy sharesw backhi c h a t d o a not fig ü b r e e l o h n e g to can u him; a afford ord when called upon to return to the board the securities with which he was entrusted, his loss will be enormous ; of course it is his object to prevent this by any means, and to do this the resources of the property are freely used : that is, he avails himself of the property to injure the property, having created an interest, in conjunction with other of the directors, adverse to that of the shareholders. Many of the proprietors reside in England ; and it would be well for the magnificent if not thus magnificent line they own, m to which l wouldpteary handsomely, manipulated to benefit mere speculators. Cer tainly Mr. Drew's proposal now announced to carry first-class passengers between Buffalo and New York, a distance of 350 miles, for five dollars in currency, has the aspect of a ruinous measure for the Erie Railway, whatever injury may be inflicted on the New York Central. Of course the effect of thrusting the shares down will end in Vanderbilt getting the control into his hands, if he can pay up for all the shares bought, and in the election next October for directors he will have the game in his own hands. 71.1 E GREAT S7ATE TRIAL. It has been more than once announced that ANDREW JOHNSON, in case he found the trial going strongly against him, would resign, and thus pre vent a sentence of disqualification. Although the PRESIDENT is too obstinate to allow any considera tions to turn him from a course he has marked out, it is worth considering how he could resign, and what he would gain by the step. As we stated in a former number, if found guilty, the Senate, as a High Court, is, in the first instance, compelled by law to remove him from office ; the " finding" de claring the charges, or a portion of them, proved, necessarily carrying with it " deprivation of office," though not " disqualification," a sentence which, to take effect, must be expressly inflicted by the Senate sitting in its capacity of an Impeachment Court. Justice Story, in section 803 of his Commentaries, referring to the clause in the Constitution that " the PRESIDENT, Vice-President, and all civil offi cers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, trea son, bribery, or other crimes or misdeameanours," said, "It would seem to follow that the Senate on the conviction were bound in all cases to enter a judgment of removal from office, though it has a discretion as to inflicting the punishment of dis qualification." " If, then, there must be a judg ment of removal from office, it would seem to fol low. that the Constitution contemplated that the party was still in office at the time of im peachment." At the same time that the com mentator disclaims the intention of giving a true exposition on points which must be left to the high tribunal constituting the Court of Impeachment, his opinion evidently was that an officer could not thus be tried who was out of oilice. Oth.r officers than the PRESIDENT would require that their resig nation should be accepted, but there is no one com petent to accept the resignation of a PRESIDENT of the United States. The case has, howeva, been provided for by the Act of March Ist, 1792, wherein it is declared " that the only valid resigna tion of the PRESIDENT or Vice-President shall be by an instrument of writing filed in the office of the Secretary of State." If, then, the PRESIDENT desired to anticipate the action of the Senate, his course would be to file his resignation with the Secretary of State before the trial ended, and thus prevent a sentence of disqualification. As every one anticipated, the Bill prohibiting appeals from the Circuit Courts to the Supreme Court was no NO, APRIL 8, 1868. sooner received back with the PRESIDENT'S veto than it was passed by the two-thirds majority in both Houses of Congress. This for the present settles the question of the constitutionality of the Reconstruction Acts, and it deprives Mr. JOHNSOM of the chance of au escape from his present position by stirring up the mud which might have been afforded had the Supreme Court pronounced its de cision before this bill became law. That decision was generally expected during last week, and it was confidently predicted that it would pronounce the Reconstruction Acts to be unconstitutional. The question would then arise as to the particular case, and, to meet it the Republicans, it was said, would give the clause retrospective effect. The mode by which the clause was inserted has been sharply can vassed, and Mr. Schenck severely blamed. He introduced the bill, and while asserting that it merely amended the Judiciary Act to which neither side objected, it was quietly announced to him that the effect of the amendment, Mr. Wilson of lowa, bad induced him to allow, would be to remove the M'Ardle case out of the Supreme Court,—yet, having the confidence of the Democratic members, he did not modify the language he had just used, and they who did not see its bearing and put faith in him, permitted it to pass unopposed. When at tacked for his share in the business he showed no compunction, and could not see that any fraud had been committed. Public attention, however, is more generally directed to the objectionable legisla. tion of Congress by which the Constitution is altered in an unconstitutional way ; and this is a matter of real concern to the country. Last Monday Mr. BUTLER opened the prosecution before the High Court. This bald fact is all we know ; for, of course, as yet nothing has been heard here of what he said. The Managers offered in evidence copies of the original appointment of Mr. STANTON as Secretary of War, and also President JoHNsori's Message to Congress assigning his reasons for the Minister's removal. Chief Justice CHASE, a Wash ington telegram informs us, claimed judicial power during the trial, a claim disputed by the Impeachment Managers and some Senators, but sustained by the Court. On Thursday the Managers produced witnesses to prove that President Johnson had tried to remove Mr. Stanton from the post of Secretary of War without the consent of the Senate ; and also documentary evidence, that the President had issued a Commission in conformity with the Tenure of-Office Act, as a proof that he admitted the validity of that law. The community has settled down to the conviction that Andrew Johnson's term of office will soon be cut short. Though he is said to maintain a confident demeanour, and to be thankful that the belief in his downfal has relieved him from the worry of unprincipled office-seekers— these rats deserting the sinking ship are not a bad indication of the result. The country does not derive much comfort from contemplating his suc cessor. Glorious Ban Wade, it is considered, may be a fine fellow in his way, but that way should not lead to the White Hluse. Mr. Johnson's counsel have completed their sketch of the plan of defence, which has not transpired further than that they intended last Monday to apply for a delay of ten days. It was also believed that the Managers of Impeachment would endeavour to get the addi tional Articles which bring up the President's speeches withdrawn, as the opinion is strongly en tertained that they will give him the power to delay the verdict. The real fight is now for delay ; the result having almost ceased to be doubtful. All along Mr. Johnson has been convinced that a great State Trial would drag its heavy length over months, indeed that skilful lawyers might spin it out for an interminable time. It is on this point that he is likely to be " sold," for the Senate are well aware that the proceeding, if not expeditious, is, in Mr. Johnson's case, worse than a farce.—An glo-American Times. SENA 7 OR BEN WADE. BENJAMIN WADE, placed as he just now is, ex cites great interest throughout the Union. His character, his temper, and bent of mind, his ante cedents are all closely scanned, as most people hold it to be little short of a certainty that he will soon be seated in the Presidential Chair. Mr. WADE was chosen to preside iu the Senate when men were filled with the fear aroused by the awful threats of ANDREW JOHNSON. What the bold Tennessee partisan leader would do with a bumptious Congress created the more dread that nobody knew what he could do, and to have a game cock to pit against him the bold BEN WADE was selected as leader. Congress has certainly, in its gropings in the dark, tumbled into numberless pitfalls. Could the Senate have foreseen what has occurred the last man they would have chosen was BENJAMIN WADE, but his coach at present stops the way, and till it drives on there is no getting rid of him ; it was, too, placed there by themselves, and they must make the most of it, although the story of a similar vehicle which broke down and is being dragged out of the way is not encouraging. The Cincinnati Gazette has given in full detail an interview between Senator WADE and a correspondent, the cream of which we will endeavour to skim. Mr. WADE objects to being made a piece of a President though desirous of being a whole one. To fill up the few remaining months of the term will fix on him all the worry, while giving little of the pleasures of office. Though without the chance of making a career, he will raise up thousands of enemies by his ap pointments, which can be made quickly, but not friends by his administration, which requires time. Having been long in Congress he thoroughly un derstands its temper, and the first thing he will do is to bring the Executive Department of the Go vernment into harmony with the Legislative. He considers that all the mischief bas arisen from Presidents adopting a policy. It is the duty of Congress to do this, and that of the PRESIDENT to execute it. He has, therefore, no policy, and does not intend to have any. His first Executive mea sures will be for the protection of the real Union men in the South. Though in favour of equal justice, he believes that the Southerners require to be ruled with a firm hand, and to be prevented from disobeying the laws, or interfering with the rights of others. A point on which he feels strongly is the reduction of expenditure, which ought to come down nearly to where it stood before the war. Connected with this is the necessity of stopping the outrageous system of fraud and peculation beneath which the Government staggers, which threatens his party's life and his country's prosperity. He insinuates that it has grown to its present gigantic dimensions under Mr. JOHNSON'S administration, who has used the people's money with a lavish hand to corrupt the people. This, he says, must be reversed as quickly as an engineer would reverse his locomotive when he saw a broken bridge ahead. In levying taxes he will keep one principle before him to strive to relieve industry of its burdens and to secure relief to the labouring classes from foreign competition; and this, he admits, means a high tariff, which he considers to be thebest method of protecting the working men. On the subject of the Alabama Claims he has never been committed by any public speeches. He favours the collection of the Claims, and their immediate settlement by a treaty, consi dering the indications abroad confirm the wisdom of such a course. Pointing to his political career, he opposed Mr. LINCOLN'S course in pocketing the Congressional Reconstruction Bill, and setting up a policy of his own. Only a short time before his assassination Mr. LINCOLN told Senator SUMNER that that was the great error of his life. In answer to the half-frightened glance the country has cast on Mr. 'WADE, he asks—" Now, what other intem perate measures have I taken ? I am very proud that from the Committee on Territories I reported :he first provision prohibiting slavery in all the territory of the United States to be subsequently acquired. I reported the bill for Negro Suffrage in the District of Columbia, and I got it, ou the very first day of the session. I got the Homestead Bill through the Senate. I got Nevada and Colorado into the Union, after a whole winter's debate ; and, right or wrong, I led in the Senate in the division of Virginia and the formation of the New State of West Virginia. These are some of my main acts, and by them I am perfectly willing to be judged." Alluding to the report that he was not on good terms with GRANT, he asserted that they had always been friends, and the story so generally circulated was untrue of his saying " that when he talked politics GRANT talked horse," as he had never sail that nor anything like it. We give here other re ported sayings of Mr. WADE, which our readers will take for what they are worth. In answer to the question whether he intended to resign, "Of course I don't; you might as well ask whether the State of Ohio, that sent me to the Senate, is going to resign ; and in the interest of that State, I in tend to cast my vote on Impeachment." To the query as to the period the trial would last, he asserted that "if those fellows in the House had confined themselves to the first Articles they pre ferred, I suppose the whole thing would have been over in less than four weeks ; but this spread ing out of the net may 133 the means of pro longing the case." When pushed for an opinion of the specified time, five weeks being sug gested, Mr. WADE considered " that it could not take much more than five weeks ;" " and then," said his interlocutor, " you take possession of the White House." " Well, I suppose so," was the answer, "if the Senate decide against ANDREW JOHNSON. Ido not want the position, but if I be come entitled to it, I have no objection." It is alleged that the hostility to Senator WADE in creases daily iu the Senate. The New York Nation says, " Should he reach the office, he will be the fourth man of the kind that has filled it. JACKSON was the first, and although he enjoys, and is en titled to, some credit for his manner of dealing with nullification, he debauched the public service, and thus inflicted on the country , the disease which, at this moment, places the Government in greater peril than secession has ever done, and he set an example of high-handed contempt for the Legisla ture which has probably not been without effect on Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. LINCOLN was the second, and he was so clearly an exception to all rules, that we can no more deduce from his career any conclusion favour able to the claims of men of his training and ex perience to high offices of Government than we can deduce from NAPOLEON'S a conclusion favourable to the military talents of natives of Corsica. Of Mr. JOHNSON we shall say nothing —or only this : that we could, with a very small amount of trouble, produce evidence that a good many people who were most delighted three years ago with his early ignorance and his want of social experience, have since acknowledged that it is not a good preparation for the highest place in the government of a great country to pass the flower of one's years in the practice of one of the rudest and simplest of the 'manual arts, and in the company of the most illiterate and coarsest portion of the community. We have no desire to prejudge Mr. WADE, but we have a right, in view of what the country has just gone through, to say that the presumption is entirely against his fitness for the place for which the Senate so strangely selected him. He has a large number of Mr. JOHNSON'S faults of temper ; his education is not much if any better. He owes all his political distinction to his fidelity and courage in the anti-slavery struggle, and that struggle is probably the only subject which he fairly under stands. He is lamentably ignorant with regard to the various econeimical questions by which the country is beset, and if he has any opinions on finance at all, they are probably not very favourable to the maintenance of the national credit. In his selection of his Cabinet, he is likely to prefer zeal —of which we have already as much as the country can stand—to discretion and knowledge, which the country is dying for want of. What is worse, he will probably, with that blind reverence for party traditions and practices for which men of his stamp are generally remarkable, feel that his first duty in office is to use the Federal patronage to help the Republican party at the Presidential election —which is simply another way of saying that he will do what he can to increase the corrup tion and debauchery, waste of the public money and degradation of Government officials, which have made the civil service as great a disgrace as ever befell a Christian country. For the like of it we have to search the chronicles of the worst Eu ropean monarchies in the eighteenth century. This is the course which experience and principles of human nature fairly warrant us in expecting him to follow, and those who have put him in his present position have no right to expect that he will not follow it, but then he may disappoint every body, ourselves included. The scenes in which he is now so prominent an actor, and the trials which he is doubtless receiving, may put him on his guard, and thus make him harmless. His integrity and loyalty nobody doubts, and nobody questions his personal claims to estee:n ; but the world, alas ! has not yet been committed to the government of the good-hearted." At a meeting in Washington of Radical Southerners, on the 16th March, Mr. WADE was nominated for President, and Senator WthsoN for Vice-President. On calling on Mr. WADE, however, no encouragement to proceed was given, neither Mr. WADE nor Mr. WILSON believ ing that they had any chance whatever against GRANT, and both desiring the second place on the ticket.—AnglozAnterican Times. AMERICAN MARKE7S. (Front Beldiny, Keith, and Co.'s Circular.) liEw YORK, March 20. Our last advices by mail are to 21st March, when t i he principal excitement was speculation in Erie Railw i ay stocks, to which even the impeachment had given way in interest, and schemes in regard to avoiding the crisis which such speculations produce have succeeded those offered for funding the public debt—as to which we quote from Thompson's Reporter : "After Vanderbilt had ousted Keep, Lockwood, and the Express Company from the Central Road, he matured a plan to control the Erie. Drew sold the stock—sold it short —sold • calb,' and bought puts,' not dreaming that he was in Vanderbilt's maw. Drew was 'cor nered,' and to extrica`e himself obtained a vote of the Erie Board to make an extra, extraordinary, and, it is thought by some, a fraudulent issue of shares—the amount not positively known, supposed to be 10 millions. These D. sold, and V. absorbed them also. V. is said to hold now 20 million dollars of the shares. Drew is pro bably short about 15 millions. Fearing, or pretending to fear, that D. and his associates were about to issue an other instalment of shares, V. procures an injunction against any such issue. At this point opens the rapid ju dicial cross-firing. Drew and his associates flee to New Jersey, to avoid the sheriffs', receivers', and judges' orders. The proceeds of the 10 millions of over-issued stock, some seven millions, is one of the plums in this pie. D. clings to it ; V. is after it; the game is in full play. The indica tions now ara that a large part of the directors of the Erie will resign. They are embarrassed. They plead that they did not understand Drew's operations." The following plan to relieve the money market of the pressure caused by such operations is considered the most favourable that has been offered, and was addressed to the Hon. E. D. Morgan, of the United States Senate :—" It is notorious that stock operators have repeatedly made at tacks upon the money market in order to win in their gambling games. Only last week the bears on Erie drew in seven millions of legal tenders from the banks and locked them up, and in so doing created a panic in Wall-street. The banks were forced into a coutraction, and Government securities declined 2 to 2i per cent. These panics disturb the whole country. If there is power resting in Congress to obviate these troubles, it should be brought into action. I venture to suggest the following for the double object : First, it will be a terror to stock operators, and they will let the money market entirely alone. Second, it will assure the public that no very stringent and protracted time of panic can take place. The worst that can happen to the money market is a seven per cent. rate of interest on Government Stocks, with a wide margin. The plan is as follows :-1. Pass a mandatory Act that the Secretary of the Treasury prepare thirty millions of Legal-Tender Notes, and put twenty millions of them in New York, five millions in Boston, and five millions in Philadelphia, with instruetfores to the assistant treasurers in these cities to loan these notes on Government stocks, on call, at per cent. interest, always taking bonds as security at not more than 80 per cent. of their value. 2. As the loans are paid, the legal tenders to be held in reserve for future loans of the same kiwi ; and nothing but legal tender notes to be taken in payment of these loans. The interest to accrue to the Government. 3. On these terms loans will be made only in a very tight time; and in such emergencies it seems to be the duty of the Government to do what the Bank of Eugland does in the financial revulsions of that nation —give an expansive feature to the currency, and break the panics. 4. I do not p:opose this measure with any idea that it shall run into a fixed expansion of the currency, but, on the contrary, I believe this measure will make contraction easier and safer, inasmuch as disaster and revulsions are guarded against." The Money Market is reported thus :—Last week we noted a growing tendency toward derided stringency in money. This week this tendency has been fully developed. The last bank statement showed that the Associated Banks had lost $6,548,000 in deposits, of which $969,000 was in the form of specie; and $2,278,000 in legal tenders, while the loans had increased $2,340,0000 This condition Of things appears to have been due chiefly"to the removal from the banks of the funds derived from the sale of the new issue of Erie stock. It appears, however, that at the same time the Treasury was in want of currency, and that it had recently called in a large amount from the National Depositories (whose Government funds are mostly held on deposit by our banks), and sold a certain amount of gold; so that, within about ten days, the Sub-Treasury balance had been increased over $5,000,000. This movement brought the crisis to a climax. The utmost difficulty was experienced in bor rowing money, and outside the banks the rate on demand loans has been mostly over 7 per cent. On Wednesday, the Government bought a round lot of Seven-Thirties and placed to the credit of disbursing officers a large amount of funds, causing a reduction in the Sub-Treasury balance of $4,600,000 ; which produced a slight relaxation of the ex treme stringency. But the market has nevertheless con tinued very " tight," and up to the close a large amount is loaned at exceptional rates. Upon Governments I per cent. has been paid for one day, and i per cent. for three days, and even in exceptional cases per cent. for days; whilst on the stocks the differences oa buyer's options above cash sales ruled in about the same proportion. In Ten nessee* per cent. was paid for 30 days, on Erie / per cent. for 10 days, and 1 per cent. for 30 days ; and upon other shares, even 1t to if per ceut. was given for 30 days' option, 7 per cent. interest being added in each case. Money is 7 per cent. sharp. Gold is 139 to 140. We quote stocks as folio ws Offered. Asked. United States 6's, registered, 1881 1111 111/ 17 registered, 1831 ... 111 i 111* 5-20 1862 1071 1071 71 77 coupon, 1862 110 f 110 5-20 registered, 1864 ... 107 i 1071 coupon, 1864 ... 108, 1081 5-20 registered, 1165 17 coupon, 1865 ... 198 f 108 5-20 registered, 1865, new... 104 1071 17 coupon, 1865, new ... 107 f. 107 77 5.20 registered, 1867 1071 107 77 coupon, 1867 ... 107/ 107 f 10-40 registered ... 101 f 1081 77 coupon 101* 1011 7-30 notes, 2d series 106/ 1061 77 31 series 106/ 1061 As to finances in Congress, the principal move has been the passage by the Senate of the bill relieving certain manufacturers from internal taxation. The overwhelming affirmative vote by which this bill was passed (thirty-six to three) unerringly reflects the public sentiment on this subject. The heavy burdens imposed upon all branches of manufactures have been more than the industry of. the country could bear, and while some $60,000,000 is to be lopped off from the revenue by the terms of this bill, it must be remembered that the remission goes hand and hand with an economy in the appropriations of the Government, so that there is still left a wide margin of receipts to meet all obligations. For the evident purpose of making up the deficiency which will be caused by this reduction, all manufactories are to be taxed the sum of two dollars on every one thousand dollars' worth of goods sold annually above ten thousand dollars, provided that the manufactories are not specifically taxed. It seems to be pretty generally conceded that Congress will not pass any act this session as to funding—the rea son for which the Journal of Commerce alloges to be that it will deprive all parties of political capital and put it in this mine. " Our readers will not fail to notice the proceedings in Congress yesterday touching the shipbuilding interest, which made our article this morning especially applicable. Congress •is willing, it seems to take off ene hundred mil lions from the revenue in the forlorn pope of thereby benefiting other branches of manufactures that have been injured by its previous legislation, but it has not a• word of hope for the shipping interest. The 'Western mem bers who are attached to the majority appear blinded to everything but the seeming interests of party, and are laying up for themselves and their constituency a store of 'remorse for their present course. They are pro posing to h Live the revenue, injure the public credit, tumble down the price of bonds both at home and abroad, with no prospact of benefiting anybody by the rash expe riment. All this time the open path to national prosperity invites them in vain; it promises no party capital, and has therefore no attraction for their reluctant feet." COMMERCIAL EPITOME. (From the Financial Chronicle.) Business still wears a rather dull aspect, and prices in some cases have receded, while in but very few articles can we note any activity or buoyancy. The removal of a long list of taxes by Congress, to take effect on the Ist of April, may cause some disposition to delay, in order to observe the effect. The sudden stringency of the money market has also induced more caution among buyers as well as increased the number of sellers. Cotton has a dragging market and closes heavy. Breadstuffs have bean dull and declining, but closed more steady on an export demand. There has been more doing in tobacco, but the principal transaction has been a cargo of Kentucky for Spain. Groceries have shown a good degree of activity in sugars, molasses and teas, of which the receipts have been very large, under which there has been some yielding in prices. 'Coffees have been quiet until to. day, when, with better foreign advices, prices improved with some business—prime Rio being advanced to 19c. gold, duty paid. Rides have been fairly active and firm ; the late transac tions include 12,000 dry Buenos Ayrs kip at 18 c ; gold. Leather is doing better for hemlock, and oak cropped is firmer. Petroleum has been without essential change ; supply and demand both limited. Crude 18e. in bbls., and refilled in bond 26c. for standard white. The excise is to be re duced one-half. Naval stores have been fairly active but at declining prices; the probable removal of the tax on spirits turpen tine weakens the prices, and it closed at 65c. Common and strained rosins were dull at $3 to $3 25. Oils have been quiet except a quiet business in prime crude whale at 70c., and in lard oil at $1 40 for prime. Metals have been weak, but leading to a better business in lead and speller. East India goods have been quiet, except a movement in gunny cloth at 91-c. gold, in bond. Tallow has advanced, prime closing at 121 c. to 121 c., and stearine is decidedly higher at 151 c. to 16c. Fish, fruits, hops, hay, whisky, building materials, and other merchandise have been quiet. Wool has been rather quiet; buyers holding off but with a reduced stock, prices are well supported. In provisions the advices from abroad and from the West are of a more favourable character, and we notice an increasing disposition to operate on the part of shippers, speculators, and regular dealers, and prices of hog products generally have more strength, the advance on some arti cles during the past two or three days being very decided. The offerings are rather moderate, and the stocks not in creasing with the rapidity usual at this season of the year, holders have more confidence. To-day the movement was especially heavy, pork closing at $24 80 to $24 90 cash and regular for new mess, and $22 50 to $22 75 for prime mess, including 1,000 ,bbl s o f t h e latter for export, and lard after selling largely at 16ic to 161 c for prime, was held at 17c at the close. Cumberland bacon firm at 12c. Freights have been dull and rates drooping. The latest business by the Liverpool steamers was at fc. for cotton and 6c. to 6ic. for grain. Several petroleum and stave charters have been made, with two for corn to Cork at 6s. 3d. direct, or 6.F. 9d. if for orders. A. late San Francisco circular reports that, notwithstanding the recent disposi tion of a large number of vessels, the supply of tonnage in port continues out of all proportion to the wans of our re port trade. [ADVERTISERENT.3—Henceforth no one will doubt the valuable properties of Du Barry's health-restoring Revalenta Arabica Invalids' and Infants' Food, since to the thousands of blessings it has already received from Invalids whose position had been deemed hopeless, we may now add that of his Holiness the Pope, whose health has been perfectly restored by it after thirty years of unsuccessful medical treatment. We quote from the "Gazette du Midi," July 25th :—" Rome, July 21, 1866.—" The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially since, abandoning all other remedies, he has confined himself entirely to Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful at every meal. It has pr oduced a surprisingly beneficial effect on his healtk, and his Holiness cannot praise this excellent food too highly." We extract a few out of more than 68,000 cures:—Cure No. 58,216, of the Marchioness de Brehan, of seven years' liver complaint, wasting away, debility, nervousness, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, and the most intolerable ner vous agitation. Cure No. 1,771: Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. N 0.49,832 : " Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Joly." Cure No. 46,270: Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness Important Caution: — Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without authority Baron Liebig's name is most auda ciously attached In tins at ls. lid.; 1 lb., 2s 9d. ; 2 lbs., 4s. 6d, ; 5 lbs. lls. ; 121b5., 225.; 24 lb s ., 408.—BssitY Do BARRY and Co., No. 71, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason, 182, Piccadilly; and at 61, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapside; 63, 150, and 298, Oxford -street; 330. Strand and all grocers sud chemists. Births. Momou - On the sth inst., at 72, Inverness-terrace, the Lady Robert Montagu, of a son. HOPE—On tho sth inst., at 7, Cavendish-square, the Lady Ida Hope, of a daughter. WALTERS —0 n the 7th inst., at Ewell, Surrey, the wife of William Melmoth Walters, Esq., of Lincoln's-inn, of a son. Marriages. ACKLAND —l3nowN —On the 7th inst., at Barnes, Surrey, Arthur Innes Ackland, youngest son of the late Robert Linos Ackland, Esq., of Boulston, Pembrokeshire, Kent, to Jane, eldest daughter of Henry Brown, Esq., surgeon, of Aim tlake, Surrey. NASII - DESBOROUGH—On the 4th inst., at Chagford, Wallis Nash, of Beckenham, Kent, to Louisa, A'hmuty, daugh ter of the lato Hoary Desborough, Esq., of Beckenham. Deaths. CHAMBERS—On tho sth inst., at 123, Ledbury-road, Pad diugLon, Thomas Chambers, Esq., aged 75. GUNNING -On the 7th inst., at 18, Atnwell—street, Samuel P. Gunning, of 31, King-street, Cheapside, aged 52. MAUNDER - On the sth inst., at Barnsbury-square, Samuel Maunder, Esq., aged 54. KNATCIIDULL—On the sth inst., at the Rectory, Stneethl the Rev. Wyndham Knatchbull, D.D., aged 82. PEARCE— On the 4th inst., at Barnsbury, Thos. Pearce/ RAI, aged 59. TRORNTON—On the 4th inet., at Camberwell, Elizabeth widow of the late Col. Thornton, egged 86. London : Printed and Publishod by WILLIAM. ANDILEWW of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tan Sox (Mee, No 11 2 Strand, in the Precinct of the Se voy, in the Cott 1;7 of Middlesex.—Wednesday, April 8, 1868. I a 1 n is or t hoo nit' scio all for tbOI trai tnz ape, ss. star all Thi Lo u for ChE cola feet VU 8111, stars all 4 seVf re q , stars 4/1(1 .r ,t . 44 b, r, CI Yea / tke ss di g , bery 0, Bt ti , fo o d f Wat C •r on B att Of t