The Sun. — London, England, 1850-04-19 00:00:00

, Mil . f • : 4 • • ?* W IN • . 44,4 • • h; . • 4 0. 1 - 1 • ...r -). / A - ' 4 • 1 k 4 4 . 14+ , e (f z • ; - . - • 4 %,% 7 \::6\%!:='="' _ , / , I 1: 0 ,1 - 41 . N V* ** ./N ` . ▪ • . • 41. . •' J I , , • ga . „ 47 •- 1 In ' . Pursaance of - ' ) held in th ,, -•' Z 7lser a:;:lzbi February 25, 184. .P l irsuance of the r ecom M en d a ti on o f a mee ti ng o f Reformer's !elo In the city of London, on Thursday, December 20, 1849 (Sir t?!. 11 1ut \Urnsley, M.P., in the chair), t o hold a Conference of the riends of Reform from all parts of the kingdom, the Council have .7fllled that th e CONFERENCE shall •be held in CROSBY LL, Ilish opsgate-street, on TUESDAY,, the 23d, and WEDNESDAY, 1:1e. 241 h of April next, the- sittings to commence at e l even _lock in th e forenoon. The objects of the Conference will , De to receive reports from delegates in reference to the progress tit the RAf t o rompti tude 0 Movement, to devise means of carrying out with and vigour the objects of the Association, and to _ complete the arrangements for realising the fund of 10,0001., re quinsred. for the present year's operations. tatgentlemen eligible to attend the Conference will be 2. Those -bo anbers of Parliament who support Mr. lltune's motion. elected by Associations or Committees who have adopted .e pri nciples of the N a ti onal Reform Association. er R t ! C° u ooll requests th a ti mme di ate - steps be ta k en b y th e Frienda zisheiderrn to appoint r e yS resentatives, whose names shou ld b e flir t° the Secretary as soon as the nominations are made. The Conference 1-pii-IDON TAVERN, Conf erence will clos e w ith a SOIREE a t the CITY the berg Bishopssate-street E on TUUBSDAY EYN , NG , t "til Of April b had by the Mem bers of th even o clock. 'I ickets may e fai each. e Association on application at the Offices, price, 2s. , - • t Nog Pensog Deicoou [PRICE SD. sION eefcio'n'' )‘ 1 .4. Aid a nd ( P" , the Cblio, word : 4 0 0 e wor ° _ It' itself Put, .1111!,, Questo By order of the Council, THOMAS BEGGS, Secretary. CANTERBURY SETTLE MENT (NEW ZEALAND) PUBLIC. LIBRARY. Taus Ta. T he Bkhop o f th e Settlement, and the following Colonists : John Robert Godley, Esq. Li eutenant -Colonel James Campbell. Edmund Bellairs, Esq. Henry Chapman, Esq. T he 031,, ,rls :Hon. Sec.—W. G. Britton, Esq. lib ra Proceeding to' settle at' C an t e rbury are collecting 1- 7 for the use of the S e ttl ement, and they here b y so li c it contr i f : I f!" of use from su c h of their countrymen as may be disposed It p',7,5111 conf erring upon this new colony of Eng l an d t h e advantage 8 ,.. e4 1ng from th e outset a store of general literature. Tionoir re q u ested that communications may be addressed . to the L ondo ZY. Secretary , a t the Colonists' Rooms, 1 A, Adelphi - terrace, Arnpl s k uociat e i infer rnat ion concerning the plans and proce edings of the an Pri ce 6 , 1 c ' Contained inCanterbury Papers," 1 d 2, • e ach, published by Parker, West Strand. LONDON LIFE ASSOCIATION. INSTITUTED 1806. ibrogi °P rICE, 81, KING WILLIAM-STREET. tent —Sir CLAUDIUS STEPHEN HUNTER, Bart. This goeiet Vice-President—CHA ßLES FR ANKS, .Eeq. y le essentially one of Mutual Assurance, in which 14;5! eenla Imps of its Members are reduced after seven Years. S,; 1417. rte of reductioa of the Premhttne of the present year wil l be N t rr leavin g less than e n e- thi r d o f the original Prem ium alertakes other deaorlP allow beermcalembor/V haTin ir etased imt to to tions of Assurance, in 'lVtiej -- r e •nualsslon. to Agents, the Society as beelr*lllo_ 3 --- - "eri„.„ rates re . Mluins for this class of Assurancet to the foll Aenual Premiums for the Assurance of £lOO. 20 1 d Age . d Ar , e d 25 113 7 35 27 6 . 50 4 30 ; 17 ° 40 215 5 55 51 • - 1 5 45 3 6 0 60 6 5 10 The to o+►nce of Directors are authorised by the Deed of Settlement ' 3 . Money on the securit♦ of Policies in this Association. EDWARD DOCKER, Secretary. rior, c. vi• si vr °' o. r -; tes, geld, is c Fr D. an 0 J. 0, , at it b . , , I s C :0 3 e:6;100 6 Sit 1. - - V NITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. "Merl Established by Act of Parliament in 1834. 00. 12, .. Place,Pall-mall, London ; 97, George-street, Edinburgh; st. Vincent-place. Glasgow ;4. College-green, Dublin. CHAR LONDON BOARD. LES GRAHAM, Esq., Chairman. R, A i , CHARLES DOWNES, Esq., Deputy Chairman. 1, „ air Ay a ,__ 4 4.1, t 0.,,,, .„'''e, E sq. F. Chas. Maitld, Esq. b. Q. 1T,,, , ..,' , ~s q.. Resident. William Railton, Esq. ?. a, ii " ,„7.,q o eM, Esq. F. 11. Thomson. Esq. corn- "win e . , Esq 'with SEPTENNIAL m Thomas Thorby, Esq. useem flux added to ---.PTENNIAL DIVISION OF PROFITS AMONG THE ,1118 bonne ASSURED. er 1 ' 84 7, is as follows : policies from March, 1834, to the 31st of 13 • 4 1 r lel , Sh e Dr T , 5 * rs o agb , a nd, Sir seat _,,,,.0nm,r5:-- ........._ ...mired. 448 nred. Thn e A . Sum added to Sum added to Sum payable 5.,50 05 7---...____________ Policy inlB4l Policy in 1 848 at D eath. 5000 13 Yea 12 yea rs 10 mth s £683 6 8 £7117 10 0 26470 li 8 500 0 0 787 10 0 6287 10 0 100 0 I °. Years 300 0 0 787 10 0 6087.10 0 0 500, Years 100 9 9 787 10 0 5887 10 , 0 500 0 ° Years 675 0 0 5675 0 500 0 4 Years • • • • 450 0 0 5450 0 0 ---------3 Yea225 0 0 5225 0 0 n Ile p re .... •• • • ..1 1 Y onerignoiS, n evertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and wranc e is fat need. be paid for the first five years when the In- Er..— l.ll-A (tint" ol d ••" and Cbs lt 'o l he yTbs t t, 6 1 1 one / ,7 tr e , tor. 1,14. l l l : f un n s(neverthel for Lice be paid ,aformatlon afford( 8. Waterloo-place, d on application to the Resideit Dine- Pall-mall. London. I, Vi r , lll/3111 or. JO ,e F,.. - • " I ' e rt iF Bo ound o iTc c ier icX if. B . n, B , . ob 3Sel, ' 01 C. [S J Bieb tsl# CAP 0 . c o lon° John E. f l p' g •" • ai J. r sir d ot \ l o co- er SPe le .;osser, F. 11. of. tor , s' N4I:IONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 2 6. CORNIIILL, LONDON. CAW ~ edi 4 . 00 ,000. Emowered by Act of Farßement. rrill ..et features of the Society are guaranteed of an ample D ary Siod ei . ate Wtal. Tveo.tv, lutes of Premiums. An l e t ° Premium Loaned to the Assured. Division of Pro fits. nal the iium may remain as a Loan for Five Years. .ravelling Leave granted, without extra Premium. is, l 7 extra Premium for Residence in Tropical Climates. __ ht Cent i llast Annual Bonus to the Assured varied from 27 to 6b leu n , —AS to age) on the Premiums paid. Plea of Bono' already Declared, and Optic.) 0 1,01 g. ;ir 3 ' o r, Sir .. re, I r ' ari G. r• C . Jong J. gob , . 1). A' el . I s l 6 ( 1 ) .;:c11 01° ir Colon— , J. L. 00° W. a It. J et T. i () r ic . 11 : °1111 C' b'. C' colonbol R. A' ▪ A. e xet f ohn• 1; 1::1, JO ) '1 Ile. Sjr lib „ J. - C;rd P i . ,ord I▪ C , as sae, 010 0 'I, ig n d, CAS . y'colonel 1 J• 13r0 61. job° 10,00° 151.,' d i 2 1 $'" J• $* bf d , fra mer 041 5, •0 FOP r ol w orld i e g t erti,.epetila to ,oln i f el; rbic 0 p iall°o o Int t h jyt, DO re' ioolll ite° tb ° 63 efr• of S.C. t 330 .11 6 , wif e Qf ire , ,ptail l of C. 3111 01 V1 0111° 0; oiogt° , vos'le* ;el Coll‘ Li sun i A tat'N g i 71.16- ---- Z 5 5e...c..e..--ee / Z-4_----"- -- - ~-, l /#' ,sei • .s2-' ,14 , TT P\ ::,_ :4 ; sel • 43.1 . .. - 7 ---- * l -: . ,,. ca i 'ght, for instance, - confine tho right : esaierieto Ow, heir male of the body, with a reservatt 14e.aqqrlAaill; case of failure, or they might extanrat ''!i.''' •5a .1 .0 64 X 'iral no right by birth, and who form& ' PL . : , 11 4 10 ) class, being neither subjects nor sage ig i might, as in the case of Colaba and bcindia priucipie of limitation to the heir male, or, as in the sovereignty of Cutch, restrict the SUL'. Cession to legitimate children. ex c luding all il legitimate offspring, They might extend the suc cession also if they thought proper to " heirs and suc cessors," meaning thereby heirs and successors generally. Well, then, did they agree with the Governor-General that the state of Setters. was an independent sovereignty? The first paragraph of the Governor-General's minute stated " The death of his Highness Shreement fllabaraj, the sovereign of Sattara, has rendered it necessary for the British Government to determine the important question whether the state of Sattara shall be continued as an independent sove,eiynty, or whether it shall be held to hive lapsed to the paramount state, and shall henco forth form an integral portion of the British Essipiro in India." Here was an express recognition of the Baja oi . Sefton; as as inde pendent sovereign. Now there was only one other point on this subject to which he would call their at tention. Wt a', he would so k, was t h e di stinct i ve mar k laid down by writers on intareutional law, to distinguish as independent soveregnty ? It was this—" When the ministers of two posers, which are of o quel rank, sign a treaty, it is usual to make two originals, or a double instrument; tach ricaeinates his own sine eign first in the copy which he keeps and signs first, in order that there may be no prejudice to their claims sf rank when this is contested." Now this distinctive mark was to sbe found in their treaty with the Raja of Sattara.; Article 2 ran thus:—" This treaty, consisting of eleven articles, being this day settled and concluded at Sattara by Captain James Grant and Wittul Punt Furnavese, Captain Grant has delivered to his Highness Maharaja Pertuub Shean a copy of the same in English, Mahratta, and Persian, under the seal and signature of the said Captain James Grant and his Highness Maharaja Pertaub Shean, has delivered to the said Captain James Grant another copy, also in English, Mahratta, and Persian, bearing his Highness's seal and signature." This was a proof that the Rajs! of Sattara was a sovereign in the ordi nary sense of the term, and was equal in status and rank to the British Government. It was, then, with a perfect knowledge of the subject that Sir James Carnac, when a proposal was made to him to bring the first Raja to trial, said that by doing so he would " be accused of de grading a sovereign from his acknowledged rank, and offering violence to his feelings and dignity, and of assuming a right of superiority to which we have no claim." Ile -would allude to one other circumstance as another proof of the shameful ig norance with which this important subject had b een dcided. The Governor- General said, "It was under the clause of that treaty (the treaty of 1818) that the present Raja was called into existence by an exercise of the powers an d.generosity of the British Government. All the ordinary rights, therefore, possessed by a sove reign over a subordinate and long . -constituted alltates, must, from the very nature of the case. have been stronger in this case than in any other. I can find no thing whatever in the terms of the treaty which would justify the assumption that it was intended to curtail those rights, or to confer larger powers in respect of adoption on the part of the Raja of Sattara than are en joyed by an old-established state." That was written in perfect ignorance of all that had been done by his pre decessors. If he had looked at the proceedings of his predecessors he would have have found that the Raja of Sattara put fiat th exactly the time claim which had been admitted on no less than six teen different occasions by all their Governments in India for some years past. He (Hr. Sullivan) would have to ask the Court to agree to another resolution, which was to the following effect:— " That the rights of succession of inferior chiefs who held their possessions by grants from former Govern ments, to whose rights the British Government has succeeded, must be determined by the terms of such grants." The absolute necessity of such a security would be ap parent, because when they could prove that a prince was not a sovereign in the ordinary sense of the term, they usually claimed the right to deal with him as if no right existed. Now, what had been th e p rac ti ce w ith regar d to the intermediate class, who, as Sir Charles Metcalfe had stated, were neither subjects nor sovereigns; but who must be: dealt with exactly according to the terms on which they hold their respective possessions? What was the nature of their engagements with these chiefs, and what what was their practice under these engagements? lie would take, first, the Sunnud granted by them in 1811 to the Raja of Chickoree, one of the ancient here ditary chiefs of Bundlecund. By that Sunnud they made over " the lands and villages enumerated in the subjoined schedule to the said Raja and his heirs, with all their rights and usages, except for payment of re venue to the British Government in perpetuity, so long as the said Baja and his heirs and successors shall ob servc and remain faithful to the second article of the Ikranamah, the obligation of allegiance." Here:was a chief, not a sovereign in any sense of the term, but one owing them allegiance, to whom they had granted lands in per petuity. When he died did we pretend to say that the term " heirs and successors" in the grant meant natural heirs? No such thing; he adopted a son to the prejudice of the collateral heirs, and that adopted son was recognised as his successor by the British Government. Now, how. ever, they easy the new doctrine promulgated, that if a chief, let him be whom he may, should happen not to be a sovereign in the mangled sense of the term, then that they had a right to seize upon his possessions. He would now only trouble them with another resolution, which was us follows: " That justice requires that all cases of dispute be• tween the British Government and the sovereigns and chief. of India who are too weak to resist injustice by war, or the pastels claiming to be heirs to such sove reigns, relative to the meaning of treaties and engage ments into which they have mutually entered, should be decided on a full and impartial consideration of all the circumstances by a tribunal qualified to investigate the facts and principle: involved in the matters a: issue." That resolution raturally grew out of the others, for if a sovereign prince had a right of succession which ho wished to establish, it followed, as a matter of course, that there should bo sonic tribunal to which they might appeal in case that right was infringed. They were all perfectly well aware that they could not touch a single rupee or a particle of peoperty belonging to a subject in India without the due process if law; and why should they, in the face of solemn:treaties and engagements, take forcible possession of principalities, territories, and sovereignties, and afterwards maintain that the owners of them should have no opportunity fur redress? Ac cording to the principle they now acted upon, they had only to strike a pen through a treaty and say it meant so and so, and immediately proceed to take possession. They would perhaps allow him to give a few instances in which they had summarily entered upon a state or principality. After the war of Seringapatam and the fall of Tippoo Saib, his territories became divisible between the two belligerent parties — the Nizam and the British Government. They made a partition treaty, by which they engaged to take certain portions on their own account, and to give the remainder to the descendant of the ancient Raja. It was arranged that the descendant should have the aid of a subsidiary force from the British Government, for which he was to pay annually seven lacs of pagodas, and there was a provision in the treaty to the effect that in the event of the Governor-General seeing any reason to be lieve that the funds for the payment of this subsidiary force should fail, he should be at liberty to take possession of a certain portion of his territory. The Raja remained in undisturbed io possess n until 1831, when the British Government assumed that the resources fur that payment were going to fail, or they thought or wished they had such information, and they at once took possession of the whole of the territory. The second instance to which he would refer was the treaty with the Nabob of Surat, by whi ch it was agreed that the civil and military go vernment of his territory should for ever be vested in the East India Company, on the condition that a cer tain payment was made annually to the Nabob, He found a passage in the diary of Mr. Duncan, the then Governor of Bombay, on this subject, which stated that he had intimated to the Nabob that the se curity given to him by the East India Company for the punctual payment of this money to himself and his heirs and successors was greater than any he bud yet had. But what was the result? The Nabob died; the Go vernment took possession of all his territory, and even refused to continue the pension to his daughter. The third case which he had to bring to their notice was that of to • treaty which was concluded with the Raja of tie The Government relinquished all right state -to the Raja, but they re ' themselves the power to nominate who. among his heirs . should be his successor, when he should be adopted, a collateral or a legitimate heir,._ t eogi reserved to themselves the right to ay el. P c o o n": • .or, in the event of his he ving no linealhde Go fer tfiti e. adopted heirs. The Raja died, e'er , e ent construed the treaty have appointed a successor, and, as be 11 as meaningsda that n t. g d i ho ie t d should to d o so, they at once seized upon the terr i tory found for such a of Colabo. Was there an example anywhere to proceeding ? Why, in the case bef their little ally, sa m e () relation o us as at t ome e of Greece, who stood in much the the Raja did to the East India Company been under considerable his death, the public had l a te l y t h eo. reprisals which had taken apprehension respecting I our Government; but place at the instigation r it turned out, from d t h e correspondence whi only that to obtain our rights twenty years' nego tiation that we had felt it our duty to turn round and give the Government of that state a slap in the face. But the East India Company had not so much as inti mated to those independent sovereigns to whom he had alluded what their intentions were. Being powerless, they had only to submit and secretly to curse them, as he thought, in their hearts for the commission of so gross a n i n justice.—(Hear.) Groat importance had been at tached to what was called the paramount power, but what did it mean ? It could not be denied they were the most powerful state in India, by conquest after conquest; but Bonaparte, whose power a few years ago was so omnipotent, did not crush petty states as they had done. The Government of the United States of America was a most powerful one in America, but it claimed no such privilege as that which the East India Company had arrogated to themselves. The Hon. Gentleman concluded by expressing a hope that the re solutions which he had read would receive the sanction of the Court, observing that it was the solemn duty of allied Powers, in cases where any doubt arose as to the meaning of a treaty, to give the benefit of the doubt to the weaker power.—(Cheers.) The resolution having been read, Colonel Dies:issuer said—l have great pleasure in rising to second the motion of my' Zen. Friend _Titl a r . . Bb Sullivan, and to express the grateftel sense wh ic h I 11 .1 - - • 3.‘ , • ••• ""'z' , • N ° 17 962.] • . , LONDON , FRIDAY . .74 , •• 1 • PARTNER WANTED.—Any Gentleman of business habits, and who can command from 10,6001. to 15,0001., m,ay find an eligible investment in a very old established, safe, and very valuable manufacturing and lucrative business. Principals only, or their Solicitors, may apply to Messrs. Jenkin son, Swecting, and Jeskinson, 29, Lombard-street. 1/ANSELL, HORNE, and Co., Wholesale Tea and Coffee-dealers. No. 2, Bucklersbury, Clicapside, Invite the attention of families, hotel-keepers, and other large con sumers, to the peculiar system of their establishment, which is to supply them on the same terms as the trade, at the lowest whole sale price. Price list and samples forwarded tree. A single pound and upwards sent free within live miles of town. Six pounds and upwards forwarded free to any part of England.—Address Mansell, Home, and Co., 2, Bucklersbnry, Cheapside. A BSOLUTE SALE OF SHAWLS: AND MANTLES. TURNER and COMPANY, 27 and 28, CRAWFORD-STREET, 27, 28, 'BAKER -STREET, Will offer for SALE,• on Monday next, the Stock of HENRY ROBERTS, of Ludgate-bill, Shawl and Mantle Warehouseman, d Halt the Price charged by any Shawl House in London. viz., Bareze Scarfs, every colour, !ram 85. lid. to las. Paisley Long Shawls, and Square Lyeas Cashmere's, Printed Cashmeres, &c., at Ruinous Prices. Mantles in Watered Silks, Glace Satins. Gro- Royale, &c., at Prices from U. lid. :to One Guinea. Really worth three times the money. Ouszavz.—TUßNEß and COMPANY, 27 and 28, CRAWFORD-STREET, 27. 28, PURCHASERS or BANKRUPT STOCKS. ARGYLE SUBSC ON ROOMS:, Greet Windmill-street, St. James's. Musical Director and Conductor, M. LAITRENT, jun. This ACADEMT, for Tuition and Practice of DANCING, is NOW OPEN for the Season. • Teaching by Professors Calkins; Money, and Franconi. . For Terms of Private Tuition apply at the office.—Terms of Sub scription, for morning and evening practice :—Sli menthe, 5L 55.; one month, 11. is.; one evening, li. Subscribers' tickets not transferable. The Academy will open for evening practice at a Quarter to Eight o'clock, and terminate at Half-past Eleven precisely. 7 4 HE ROYAL _POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. LECTURES on MUSIC by Sir HENRY R. BISHOP resumed, with an increased number of VOCALISTS for the Illustrations on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at Eight, and on Tuesday, Thw s day, and Saturday, at Three Bachhoffner's Second Lecture on the Philosophy of Scientific Recreation with Optical Effects, daily at Two, and on Tuesday and Thursday Evenings at a quarter-past Nine.—Lecture by J. 11. Pepper, Esq., on the Chemistry of Hydrogen, with special reference to its application for conveying by Balloons Pyrotechnic and other Signals to Sir John Franklin, on Monday, Wetindsday, and Friday, at . Three, and on Tuesday and Thursday Evenings, at Eight.—Dissolving Views, illustrating the Arctic Regions and Ceylon ; also Views of London in the Sixteenth Century, and as it now is.—Diver and Diving bell, &c., &c. Admission, is.—Schools, Half-price. Analyses and Chemical Experiments conducted in the Laboratory, under the direction of J. - H. Pepper, Esq. THE SOVEREIGN PRINCES OF I N DIA. MEETING AT THE EAST INDIA HOUSE. A special general Court cf the Directors of the East India Company was held on Wedwesday at thelndia House, Leadenhall-tt:eet, at twelve o'clock, at the desire of nine proprietors of East India stock, as expressed in the fol lowing letter:— " London, March 27, 1850. " To the Chairman and Directors of the East India Compan3 "honourable Sirs, "We, the undersigned Proprietors of East India Stock, duly quail lied by law, request that you will convene a Special General Court of Proprietors at year earliest convenience, in order to take into Om , sideration the papers respecting the succession, by adoption, of Sovereign Princes in India. "We have the honour to be, " Honourable Sirs, " Your obedient Servants, (Signed) P SULLIVAN. " JOSEPH HUME. • "JOHN BRIGGS. "JAS. STE IVA_RT FORBES. " THOMAS DICKINSON. . "IV. H. STEPHENS. " SAMUEL GOODFELLOW. ' " CHAS. FORBES. " M. LEWIN." • Precisely at twelve o'clock, the Chairman, JOHN SHEPHERD, Esq., and a body of directors, entered the. large room, and the 'Secretary having read the minutes of the preceding Court, • The CitmantAN+called upon Mr. Sullivan. Mr: SULLIVAN rose and said, ho had to crave the kind indulgence of 'the Conit whilst be proceeded to ac quit himself of the task which he-bad undertaken on this, occasion. The Court came it, a vote in May - last, by which it virtually asserted its right to, confiscate to its own benefit the territories of any native prince of India whom it should have pronounced to have died without heirs. Now, the object which he had in calling the Court together this day was to show that if they had been in possession of the papers which he held in his hand, they never would have come to that vote; butt, on the contrary, by means of the information supplied by those papers, they would have come to a contrary resolution; and, if any proof were wanting of the crimi nal negligence with which that most important subject was decided, a subject involving the dearest rights and interests of no less than 300 chiefs and princes of India, that proof would be found in the tact, that that decision was come to in criminal igno rance of the important documents which be held in his hand, that is, in the absence of the only evidence that would bare enabled them to arrive at a just decision on the subject. He said criminal igeorance, for his own experience of the mode of conducting public business in India enabled him to say that whenever a subject of importance was under discussion before the Council cf India the first step was for the secretary to prepare a collection of all the papers bearing upon the subject, so that those who had to decide upon it might do so with the fullest infor mation before them. This most important subject ft as brought under the notice of the Supreme Government in May, 1848, who did not de cide upon it until August, 1848, an interval which would have enabled them to ransack_ records and documents for every scrap of infor mation bearing upon the subject; but, instead of that being done, the matter was treated by the Supreme Government at Bombay, and also by the .Court of Direc tors, as if it were entirely new, and as if there were no precedents to guide them to a decision. Now, it ap-_ peered by the papers which he held in his hand that the question was agitated before the Council of India no less man sixteen times between the years 1826 and 1846, and in fifteen instances was decided in the teeth of the vote which was passed in May 1848. The Government of India professed to have a right to assume the territories of native princes by virtue of certain prerogatives which they say had descended to them from the Mogul Emperors. By virtue of those prerogatives they had already seized the •principalittes of the native sovereigns of Coloba, Sattata, and Mandevee, and they threatened, as occasion might offer, to extinguish all. , the others, including the Mogul himself, from whom they pretended to have derived their prerogatives. It was in order to meet those monstrous pretensions that he had framed the resolutions he was about to move ; and he felt the fullest confidence that those of the di rectors who looked to the legitimate consequences of those monstrous pretentious would concur with him in forwarding those resolutions. Let the Court see what those legitimate consequences were. If they had one prerogative of the Mogul Emperor they had all his pre rogatives; if they might seize a man's possessions by virtue of the Mogul Emperor's prerogatives, they might also cut off a man's bead, or do any other act of des potic tyranny which the Mogul Emperors themselves' sometimes did. But whence - ditrttre M - o - gul Eniperom derive those prerogatives ? Those perogatives were in herent in the Mogul Emperors, as despotic sovereigns, whose will was their law. But was it necessary in the 19th century for him to remind the Court of Directors that they were not despotic sovereigns? Bad they not denuded themselves of every vestige of despotic power.? What was the object of all their treaties solemnly en tered into with the native princes of India? It was to strip themselves of all those prerogatives, and to define and-fix that which was before fluctuating and uncertain. Now take, for example, their treaty with the Raja of Colaba, which was one of the native states which they bad already swept away. What was the preamble to that treaty? The preamble ran thus— " W here's by the conquest of the territories of Bajee Rae, the late Yeishwah, and the complete extinction of his power, the rights possessed by his Government are now transferred to the East India Company; and whereas it is desirable to fix the future relations that are to sub sist between the said Rajah and the East India Com- Now yn." , here were certain arbitrary and undefined preroga tives which had descended from the Peishwah to the East India Comi any, which they immediately stripped themselves of, and proceeded to define and fix the future relations of the Company with the Raja of Co labs in the most minute way. Now, let him call the attention of the Court to the 21st article of their treaty with the Raja of Catch. It was as follows:—" It being contrary to the religious principles of the people of Catch that cows, bullocks, and peacocks should be killed, the Honourable Company agrees not to permit these animals to be killed." Again, in their treaty with the Raja of Setters, the British Government reserved to itself the right of cutting timber:—" The British Government also reserves to itself the right of cutting timber on the western side of the Ghauts." Here there was no room for prerogative, everything was fixed and defined by treaty, even to the right of killing peacocks and cutting timber. He could not doubt, therefore, that they would join with him on those grounds in the reso lutions which he had to submit to their consideration, the first of which was as follows:—" That the British Government has no rights, and can claim the exercise of no prerogatives, over the Sovereign States of India beyond what belong to it under the general law of nations, excepting such as clearly flow from the stipulations of its treaties with those so v e reigns."—(Cheers.) Now, he thought he had completely established the fact that the British Government had no such rights and no such prerogatives as they presumed to exercise; but, on the contrary,that they had voluntarily stripped themselves of such rights and prerogatives, and that they could not go one jot be yond their treaties Now, the next resolution as to those states which he had to propose, was the following:— " That those states have independent rights of succession, which are regulated by local usage, and that the British Government cannot justly subvert or interfere with such rights, with any view to its own aggrandizement."— (Hear, bear.) Now, it would be his business to prove, from the papers which were now before the Court for the first time, that those sovereigns had those independ ent rights of succession; and, that he might de it with the more perspicuity, he should take the papers , in the order of their dates, beginning with the year 1826, when the first succession in the family of Scindiah occurred. Dowlut Rao Scindiab, the sovereign of the state of Gwalior, having fallen into a dangerous state of health, the Government of India, in urging him to name or adopt a successor, took care to guard against any misapprehension of their motives by an unquatified declaration that " nothing could be farther from the wish and intention of the British Government than to exer cise, now or hereafter, any intervention in the internal administration of his country—that it did not pretend to any right to control or regulate the succession to the state of Gwalior—that its sole motive iu offering advice on the subject was the interest which it took in the maintenance of the general tran quillity " " that Scindiah, as the absolute and despotic ruler of the country, must be con sidered to possess the undoubted right of determining the succession, " — and that it was prepared to recognise any selection that might be "made by the general voice, or by a majority of the chiefs and principal persons of the country, according to usage, whether the letter of the written law was adhered to or not." Scindiah having failed to nominate a successor, his widow upon his death assumed the reins of government, was recog nised by the Government of India as regent, and this recognition was extended to a son, whom she soon after wards adopted. He then came to the Kotah succession: In 1825 the Raja of Kotah applied to the Government of India to recognise as his successor a son whom he had adopted in 1821. Before granting the recognition, that Government thought it advisable to ascertain whether the adopted son was, by Hindoo law, the legal heir ; there being a brother of the reigning prince alive, whose pretensions as heir by blood might, it was thought, have clashed with those of the heir by adoption. In submitting this question for the decision of a tribunal of Pundits, the'Government of India declared, that " The Prince of Kotah must be considered to possess the right, iu common with all other Hindoos, of adopting a son and successor, in conformity with the rules of the Shasters, unless prece dent and state usage can be pleaded, which distinctly bar the exercise of that right in the instance under consideration." Now there was eh instance of On slave assertion by the Government sof India — that llindoo princes had, by law, a right to adopt not merely an heir to their private property (as asserted in, the case of Sattara), but a suc cessor to their sovereignties. It was said that the ohj« ct of the reference to legal authority was to ascertain whether the plan of providing, for the succession "would consist with those rules and prin ciples of law which are binding alike upon all Hindoos, whether prince or peasant." The Pandits having pro flounced 'the udoption to be valid, the Government of India, in communicating to the father the recognition of his adopted son as heir to the principality of Kotah, took particular care to explain to the Raja that the delay which bad occurred in snaking it arose entirely frotis a desire to 'satisfy itself that the adoption was strictly legal. The head of the Seindials state was an absolute and despotic monarch. What, -then, was- the status of the Raja of Kotuh? The first article of the treaty of Kotah said there shall be perpetual .friendehip, alliance, and unity of interest betweea the -British Government on the one hand, and Mahe Rao Omed Sing Behander and his heirs and successors ml the other. Again, article 4 said the- Maha Rao and his heirs and successors will always act in subordinate co-operation with the British Govern ment, and acknowledge its supremacy, and will not henceforth, have any connexion with the chiefs and states with.which the state of Kotah has been heretofore connected; and article 7 said the tritiuti hirotofore paid by the principality of Kotah to the' Mahratta chiefs (for instance, the Peishwah,Scindia,Holkar;and Power) shall be paid at Delhi to , the. British .Government fur ,ever, according to the separate schedule. annexed. There they had princes acknowledging in terms the su premacy of the British Government, tsnd in . token of their dependence pt . iying tribuie to,that Government. It was a notable fact, is connexion with this instance of the adoption of Kotah, that the %abject of this adoption was tint son of a man who had fallen whOn fightingssn gainit the British Government, but that Government wisely and charitably determined in this, as in other instances, that the sins of the father were not to be-visited on the child, and the son was recognised as the presumptive heir of the territory of Kotah. So rooted in Ilindoo law was this right of adoption, that Sir Charles Metcalfe on that occasion expressed a serious doubt whether it could be set aside by the subsequent birth of a male heir. The next case of succession by adoption in the order of time was that of the Raja of Dutteeah in 1833. In that year the reigning Raja applied to the British Government for the recognition as his successor of a foundling whom be had adopted in 1830; and the British agent, in forward ing that application, said that the 'Raja, with other princes of his class, had a right to adopt whom they pleased, or to be succeded by their illegitimate offspring; and that as the treaty entered into between the British Government and the Raja confirmed the latter in his principality, his right to nominate a successor could not be disputed. In this reasoning the Government of India acquiesced, and, although the succession of the adopted son was opposed by a collateral heir, it *as recognised by the British Government upon the death of the Raja, in 1840. He (Mr. Sullivan) found his strength failing him, and therefore be should just pass over eight or nine other instances which told precisely the same tale. There was the Dhar suc cession in 1834, where the widow of the Baja, who had died without adopting a successor, adopted a son, who was immediately placed on the Gadee,(throne), and his succession recognised by the British Government. There was next the first Bolkar succession in the same year, on'which the British Resident, in reporting the death of Alulhar Rao Holkar, the reigning prince, observed that a son had been adopted just before he expired; that it did not appear, liowever, that the adoption bad been assented to, or even known to the Maharaja, previous to his death, but that as it was a measure in which the two principal surviving members of his family concurred, he (the Resident) was not aware of any objection to its recognition by the British Government. In announcing their recognition that Government took care to explain that they did so because the adoption appeared to be the spontaneous and unopposed act of the Holkar Government, in which the people of that state seemingly acquiesced; but that the British Government were not bound by the act of recogs nition to support the adoption should it prove to be illegal, or subversive of the rights of any other party, or contrary to the wishes of the majority of the chiefs and followers of the Holkar state; that it was inconsistent with the general policy of the British Government to inter fere with the internal administration of its allied states, and far from its desire that British influence should be exerted to maintain the adoption, if opposed to the ge neral voice of the country; that in the event of Hurree Holkar, the next heir by blood, succt ding in setting. aside. the adoption, and establishing his own ascendancy, the British Government would, in conformity with these principles, recognise him as Sovereign of the . Holkar state. That contingency occurred ; the adopted son, Martund Rao, was placed on the throne, but was fors cibly ousted by the heir by blood, Hurree Rao, who was placed on the throne, and recognised by the British Go vernment in 1834. Again, in 1837, in transmitting en application made by the Raja of Oorcha fur the formal recognition as his successor of aeonwhom he had enopted some years before, Lord (then Sir Charles)lilletettife,the Governor of Agra, reasserted the inherent right of Hindoo princes to adopt successors. He said on that occasion, 4* The question resolved itself into whether chiefs and princes, not having heirs of the body, have a right to adopt a successor to the exclusion of collateral heirs, or to the supposed reversionary rights of the paramount power, and whether the British Government is bound to acknowledge the adoption. There is a wide difference in the disposal of the question between soverein princes and jageerdars—between those in possession of heredi tary sovereignties in their own right, and those who hold grants of land or public revenue by life-grant from a sovereign or paramount power. Those who are sove reign princes in their own right, and of the Hindoo re ligion, have, by Hindoo law, a right to adopt to the exclusion of collateral heirs, or of the supposed rever sionary right of the paramount power; the latter, in fact, in such cases having no real existence, except in the case of absolute want of heirs, and even then the right was only assumed by virtue of power, for it would probably be more consistent with right, were the people of the state so situated left to elect a sovereign for them selves. In the case, therefore, of Hindoo sovereign princes, I should say, that in failure of heirs male of the body, they have a right to adopt to the exclusion of collateral heirs, and that the British Government is bound to acknowledge the adoption, provided that it be regular, and not in violation of Hindoo law." In this assertion by Lord Metcalfe—of the unqualified right of Hindoo princes to adopt a successor in failure of heirs of their own body—the Government of Lord Auckland entirely concurred; and having expressed an opinion, ise a the question, Rajs h that on the right of the Raja of Oorcha to adopt a ad the placed suc cessor it was impossibletora adop tion was recognised, although in peril all his rights and his claims upon the British Government, by the aid and encouragement , which he wa s supposed to have given to the Jageerdar of Chirgong when in rebellion against the British Government, that Government having in this instance,, as in the case of the father of the adopted son of the Raja of Kends, determined that the son should not be punished for the sins of the father. The next instance of adoption was that of the Rawul of BaLlSWarra. The Rawul of Banswarra having died in 1838 s without wale heirs and without having adopted a successor, the nearest heir by blood, Bhahadur Sing, was elected with the consent and approbation of the leading chiefs of the principality to fill the vacant Ghadee (throne), who proceeded forthwith to adopt,'as his successor, a boy 'named Luchmun Sing. Both the election of Blashadur. Sing as immediate successor, and the adoption of Luchmun Sing as eventual successor, were promptly recogniEed by the British Government, as was the actual succession of the latter when Inaba dur Sing died in 1844. Now that election was made in conformity with the rule laid down by Lord Metcalfe, that when there was a failure of heirs it was more consistent with right that the people should elect a sovereign than that the British Government should take possession of the sovereignty as an escheat by the failure of all heirs. The next was the cases of the Doongerpore succession. In that instance the titular of DoongQiPote having died in 1846, without issue or other lineal descendant, it be came a question whether the principality should be con tinued under the rule of the Raja of Purtabghtsr Dulput Sing, who had been adopted as his eventual successor by the titular Raja, J s swunt Sing, or whether a new adoption should be made for the Doongerpore succes sion; and as the latter measure was found to be most in accordance with the feelings of the people it was carried into effect, and provision at the same time made that in the event of the son so adopted dying during his minority Dulput Sing should make a second adoption. In this instance the titular Raja of Doongerpore, who had been deposed and set aside for incapacity and mis conduct for twenty years before his death, was not on that account deprived of his right of adoption; so far from it, that he was permitted to make an adoption, with reservation of the rights of his own issue, should he have any. That .was a third instance in which a son was held harmless for the sins of his father. Then there was the instance of the second Gwalior succession. In that case the Government of Lord Auckland, when informa tion was received in 1836 that the throne was again likely to become vacant by the threatened death of Jun kojes Scindiah, expressed their readiness, in the event of his Highness dying without issue of his , hocv y or by adoption, to acknowledge the right of his widow to adopt a son, and to recognise her as regent during the child's minority, should such an arrangement be consonant with the general wish. In 1841 or 1842 there was a change in the Governor-General, and Lord Ellenbo rough came into power. Those instructions in the case of the second Gwalior succession were confirmed by the Government of Lord Ellenborough, but the Resident was at the sometime cautioned not to declare the pur port of those instructions, or to take any step which might compel the British Government to adhere to them The-Governor-General was asked if he had any inten tion to modify the regulations of the Government, but he wrote thus to the Resident:—" The Governor- General concludes that you have not made known to any of the ministers or chiefs at the Court of Gwalior the line of conduct which, ander your present instruc tions, you would pursue in the event of the demise of Scindiah, without male issue or any adoptionhaving taken place, and his Lordship directs that you reserve yourself upon that, and take , no step which ought compel an ad- PUBLICATIONS. Just published, in fcp. am, COMMON SENSE versus COMMON LAW. By WILLIAM MASSEY, Zsq., Barrister-at• Law. Contents : —I. The Declaration ; 2. 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By t . _ x n . - 1 7e. t b........ and CO Co s itir g Surgeons. V. Pai.„--,2, London" aai by the Authors : sold by btrdn.. t. . otki,--i nos Published ter-roW • 19, Berners-street, , 0 ,,e tikt.i:,23, Tn e ,„ , Hannay, 63, and Sang d er 6. l r s d o o , n o , s ea tr d ee en ..; 1`... 4.4 t- " Do rne-street, Haymarket; an orilF.Zaln.citriests of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive I4 f° G r , d i , I illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings. 1 111 4,1 ' 4k treats of the consequences resulting frem system, producing 6-'entat,',,,,iaird their lamentable effects on the and generative IPacit - y s : b°llllY, weakness, nervous excitement, igs. excessive In tl; 41 0 111 Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings. either in th`l.timar3; castrated of the diseases resulting lln t r t h osti le r atcondary form and contai Seventeen Coloured " -4 " This section is illustrated by Seven p ries. lift i a l ns fra e m xplicit directions for Prevention of Disease by a Thiel , a Ppite,;,nl:*ins a Remedy for the hot,- nt iPort":" u ut bY which . the dan cape the reader's lb'''. .'nt Part of the Work should not es tit ...4 4 , T . v. . gerefinfection is obviated. and the '4l 'Pu a -ea i ns of an r ductive union are also considered, t lint' t o d "uted to the consideration of marriage, and its du ty - 2 1 ,,t C i h :. _eriticallePand philosophically inquired into. loyed in ' - -ing c'e „ -- -.... 115.1 as OF SYRIACUM ig exclusively ertlP . 33. till` botta . ' p ellit and sexual debility, impotence, Ike., I I t s i . a -s a y a pbilitle . ey:IY, t or 4,11 e Cc . i ncentrated Detersive Essence, an t a n n bo,rbtoks ,ur itYnig the 'Lie eraPti and 335. per Der ,_, 1'0,...„, _ s uns, and the abuse of mercury, 115. 4s. Gd and 1 is. blood in cases of infec io secondary eln-O,,TX, it-',,,..s.rnrifying Specific Pills, 2s . 9d., _ .., d lk 7 , rri-,-. remedy for fee if by letter, toi l "‘ kill Ute 'nation of the bladder. Consultation , habits, and posi hi, le „00,..._. detail of the case is required: age, gonorrheee, gleet, stricture, an ogre. Perry, e t r,..htne tn, O i l • 11. Packets, with advice, to be s had at the Fsta- St le( nis ``y , by` 'which the fee 11., is saved. e: e n. /2 arc ' in r.tendance daily , at 19, Berners-stroet, Oxf_n nu rel . - Y 1 troes e •! ° , o, front Elev till Two and Five to Eight ; on b -, e.teee tt t o o ne en bit , L 41411kl'ib,r1,4141,rbritTny014 TR SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH t'4l4lbliek...- —.TY Sealed liiSVITH4O COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON for forty-two 4 '.. a *elop e .u . and May be had in French or English, in a Sea r•.' t anipe ' 21 . 6d., or post-free, from the Author, N t 't p • Marriage, and on ba t e die l a Tr " P R E SERV A f TION; a ilqec ret r,,._.eVis s e, on the Physiolog_ of and Maturity, t he DZ.. cqui r ,,,rr and Disorders of To ri l ,,, ,ite m . 411 early period of life, ble the natural NZ " ' kld ande Inental powers, diminish and enfee with Practical r4te Xhaust the vital energies of Manhood I bethee ",Onthe Treatment of Nervous Debillt.' di , estion, which enervate and In .. __ 01 Olesa 6:..,!..nt from these causes, close study, or the lain! nc , e „, s, -"ettire ----'taat Local and Constitutional Weakness, syphilis, t44.8,t1tr, *44l,irdieall Diseases and Derangements resultin g. fr a e t m ing w th b ; alt44,Y, iti tyin Forty coloured Engravings, illust r ating Organs, i bi tiki, e 4,_ ° kin% and Diseases of the Reproductive 14 1111 411 sma tkikraka.ir strictures, uses, and ituictioiss, and the various ),_ - .ol‘. -6 P,rod_ need in them by solitary habits, excesses, and aft' .. i , 1- SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.. ...ett,, Orl,„„'"_,-.DFORD-SQUARE, LONDON. ,-.1141h,14..-I,ne. Matriculated Member of the University of Edin ''''te Lon7nnate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, Honorary Member 4 4 . ' 44 Work c o nosPital Medical Society. & c. ito r.._ ruY itria,ain_s an accurate and complete account of _the . seihZaattir t;‘,7tY:dologr of the Reproductive Organs. ive I t in d un ni. ti7naelled vieC ci P u P4 i l abi t t za w t h t i l i a e e suutffiheappy frovicnitimthoefirelincvess able cos -4'4,21 fo t 3 ; 1 2, 1 . 1 wi5e1. y entertains a fear of applying to a qualified physi- Zasly t,-4,,,.11. Sherrie and the dread so frequently, but erro • - 04 sdlk e -•-•.-tained that these complaints are beyond the reach of aiot io, it restrict him and prevent his seeking for assistance where , e1 ,, e41 14 . 11, 4 0 1 : be procured. Dr. LA'MERT has ' taken the highest in'nee fe - t t". its his diplomas testify, and the great extent of his iti*htehilTY Years is a guarantee for his professional caper!. - -5 ities t.. reference almost solely to the treatment of these - eir:lPAahnd 1,, th 14.1, 4, 14,nea tt-ro cl , 4 , n tbur,. and may be had of gent and Richards, itini..,.. H .imay, 63, Oxrord-street; btarie, Tichborte tltiltreut, Loo?',.'l Iltdrmn, 39, Cornhill ; Gordon, 146, Leaden es It es i,r,:t at,- free-by post for. I .orty-t - we Ramps, frost " a nn. al. 144 10ra-square London. ..... EYEBROWS MUSTACHIOS, and WHISKERS produced in a few weeks, and Baldness removed and p revented, by the use of G R IM ST 0 N E'S AROMATIC REGENERATOR. If you are in want •f that-beautiful adornment of the human figure, a natural supply of human hair, obtain through the post, or of any wholesale or retail chemist or druggist, or perfumer. an I Is. bottle of Gemstone's Aromatic Regenerator. This is an essential spirit, drawn from aromatic herbs and flowers (gron at his Her bary, Highgate), which has been long known to the nobility and gentry, by whom it is highly appreciated for its manifold virtues, too numerous to be set forth in an advertisement, but may be read in his pamphlet, in which the bottles are enclosed. Each pamphlet has the signature of William Gemstone, Merchant, Herbar, Highgate, and will be fonnd at page 11, under the copy of Mrs. We y ekly's Letter to the Editor of the "Times" newspaper, 7th of August, 1846. This pamphlet is forwarded through the post, on receiving two postage stamps. The Aromatic Regenerator can be forwarded through the post on receiving a post-office order for 4s. 6d., 75. ad., or 115., which in cludes the postage with the case. The lls. size contains four of the 4s. A few of its many virtues, as thousands can prove, are published In the pamphlet enclosed with each bottle. Reader, reflect for a few minutes, and if you are 40 years of age you will remember the thousands of blind you meet with in your walks, others with various coloured eye-shades ; indeed, such was the demand for eye-shades, that it was a business. What has re moved those sightless beings, and given place to a straightforward, clear-sighted people (the climate is the same) ? I'll tell you the cause —the universal use of Grimstone's Eye Snuff ! and because it cured Ophthalmia, Gutta Serena, Cataract, Nervous Headach, and Deaf ness, the Lords of the Treasury directed it to be denominated a medi cine, and to be stamped. Although this advanced its charaeter, 67 cases of cure being proved by the intormers, still it was an act of oppression ; as in 1825 the Solicitor of Stamps, Godfrey Sykes, Esq., altered the label, and sanctioned its sale under order of the Lords of the Treasury ; the letter of protection, signed by c ries,Fer Fsq., to Mr. William Grimstone, bearing date 18th February, Tis was on account of its curative qualities, being sold at that time is canis ters, within the reach of every poor family. But under this order of Government it is obliged to be stamped. GRIMSTONE'S /ABDICATED EYE SNUFF, sold in canisters, inclosed in a pamphlet of medical and other testimonials, under the Government order, at is. lid., 2s. 9d., and 4s. 6d. each. The Pamphlets sold at ld. each. If through the post, ls. Bd., 3s. 6d., and ss. Bd., including postage, &c. The following letter is one out f the many thousand proofs. Read the following Medical Testimony to the cure of five cases of Gutta Serena, from G. H. Boutell, Professor of Galvanism : " Southsea, near Portsmouth, Hants, sth Nov., 1848. " Mu. W. Gairdsrosx:—Sir—l must in lastice to you send the fol lowing Testimonial with regard to the extraordinary efficacy of your Eye Snuff in cages of Gutta Serena. I have used it in five cases with the most astonishing benefit and cure. Sir, you may advertise this ! or make what use you please. The cures have wholly astonished me and thousands of others.—l am, Sir, &c., G. I. BOUTELL, Professor of Galvanism." All letters to Mr. William Grimstone, Herbary, Highgate, near London, at which establishment he continues to manufacture his far-lamed HERB TOBACCO, so much esteemed in all foreign parts. Tne following letter, in testimony of its delightful qualities, is from a substitute for tho author of tke " Pleasures of Home:"— " Springfield Cottage, Honiton, Devon, 15th A g u h g o u w st, h l ig s h 4 l B y . I esZeSinlr,y—olurchalenrobt Tdeonbysemcoy.seffl hthaevepineaowsurfoeuonfdsitnitn the choice leaf, hitherto obtained by me from a friend in Constanti nople. I am sure that lovers o ft, G il d fragrant Tobacco would find yours a great and acceptable gift, very reasonable price. I am your obedient servant, " STUART FARQUHARSON, D.C.L. " To Mr. William Grimstone, Herbary, Highgate." el chemists Government It ekt and drug gists, sTtsh,issenxdtseitihseivresl,y;fiathinwed. Tobacco Grimsts n is e, so s s ld igg b a y tur al 11 . 1 %d. 20. thl., 43. 64. m 14.01 01414 OA •et p. APRIL 19 , 1850, • herence under other circumstances than the present to the line of conduct now prescribed to'you." There they had the germ of those pretensions which were shOrtly afterwards fully avowed. There they had an unmis takeable hint of the iutention of the Governor-General to interfere with the succession, in the eventof the death of Sdindiah without heirs by blood or by adoption. But this caution come too late—the widow's adoption of the next heir by blood was recognised; but, in cocomuni cating.the recognition, the Governor-General, assumed a position and used a language , which was quite novel in the intercourse between the two states. The Governor General, in the first place, in vited the young Raja to repair to Agra, where he was then residing, that he might himself grunt investiture of the title; but this invitation being declined, the Resi dent was directed to perform the ceremony—" thereby," to use Governor-General's language, " affording the most public proof cf my confirmation of th 6 Maharaja's adoption." Here we have a public avowal that Scin diah's title as successor to an " absolute and despotic monarchy," required for its validity the confirmation of the British Government. There then they had, for the first time, the Governor-General seated in the chair of the Mogul Emperors, and they would Soon, find him invested with more than their . usual prerogatives. He (Mr. Sullivan) came now to the second succession of Holkar, to which he would request the particular atten tion of the Court. On the ,death of Khunda Rao, the adopted son of Mulbar Rao, the Governor-General inti mated his intention of striking "out an entirely new line of policy," the object of which was, if possible the imme diate confiscation of the Holkar territory for the benefit of the British Government, or, it that were not practi cable, the eventual confiscation of that territory. A preli minary step was to get rid of all the heirs and claimants to the succession upon the first vacancy. Lord William Bentinck had intimated his readiness to recognise any succession that was consonant to the wishes of the people. Hurree Rao, the next iu blood to Mulbar Rao . Holkar, and who had in 1834 ousted Mar tund Rao, the adopted soli of Mulbar Rao" was sticceeded in 1643 by his adopted son, Khunda Rao, whose title was immediately recognised by the British Government. Khunda Rao died in 1844 without issue, and without having made any adoption, and this event gave rise to a more open display of those pretensions which were put forth on the occasion of the last succession by adoption in the Scindiah family. Heretofore it had been a gene rally recognised ptinciple that, under no circumstances, could these principalities lapse to the British Govern ment ; that in failure of heirs by blood or of adoption by the reigning prince, his widow had the right to adopt, and that in failure of the exercise of this right, and of heirs altogether, the chiefs and people were at liberty to make such provision for the succession to an " absolute and despotic monarchy " as should be most agreeable to tho general wish. "We were not," said Lord Williath Bentinck, Governor-General, when the throne of Holkar was vacant by the death of Mulhar Rao," prepared to pronounce upon the relative superiority of these claims. The decision upon them . may be fairly left to the voice of the country, and our' duty will be to maintain whatever arrangement may be unequivocally consonant to the general wish." Now contrast the language of Lord William Bentinck on the first vacancy with that of Lord Auckland on the second. When the Resident, in reporting the precarious state of Hurree Rao'a health, intimated that it would become a question for the British Government to decide who should succeed to the Holkar state Lord Auckland ex pressed his determination to be guided in the matter of the succession by the usages of the Holkar state. These were Lord Auckland's words:—"His Lordship in Council would also authorise you to recognise an adop tion of a son duly made by the Maharaja, or by any other person whom he may authorise for that purpose, and who may be competent to exercise such a trust under the customs of the Holkar and other Mahratta sovereignties." Such was the language of Lord Auckland in the latter part of 1841. Now contrast that language with the language of Lord Ellenborough in 1842. Lord Ellenborough said, "In our dispatch of the 23d of March last we announced to you the demise of. Khunda Rao, the young chief of Indore. . By this event the Ghadee of the Holkar state was rendered vacant, there being no person with any legal claim what ever_to succeed, and there being no one possessed of a legitimate title to adopt a successor. When there is no person having the shadow of an hereditary claim to suc ceed to the Ghadee of a native state, and no person pos sessing a legitimate title to adopt, and where, moreover, that state itself is comparatively of-modern origin, owing its existence to a conquest made bypredatory troops, it mast always remain a question how tar it may be expe dient to maintain the separate existence of that state for the benefit of none but the intermediate followers of the court:" Here was a proclamation that tnere were no heirs to the Holkar state. Why were there no heirs? Is reporting the death of Khunda Rao, the Resident had repeated that the arrangement for the succession which would he most agreeable to the people, would be the recall and re-establishment of Martund Rao, the adopted son of Mulhar Rao, who had been ousted by the heir of blood of Mulhar Rao; and the Resident was informed that the Governor - General " would regard with ex treme displeasure any attempt to put forward in any manner the pretensions of Martund Rao." The anxiety thus "manifested to dispose of - Mutant, litfo-toroae froth, the fact that, as the hereditary sovereign, he would have had a right to perpetuate the succession by adoption, and thus would have ;marred the plan of the Gover nor. General. Raving thus by an act of power rid himself of all the heirs, the Governor-General proceeded to proclaim himself heir, and, as such, assumed the right to dispose of the succession as he might think fit; but he first put forth a feeler to ascertain whether he could at once take possesaion of the territory, He directed the Resident to feel the pulse of the peo ple, but the reply of the Resident being un propitious, the Governor-General was obliged to pause, and he intimated to the Resident his wil lingness to recognise the adoption that might be made by the heal of the Holkar family. The Resident informed the Holkar family that such was the will of the Governor-General, and the widow immediately made an adoption, who was instantly placed on the throne without reserve or restriction of any kind.—(Hear, hear.) Now this untoward precipi tancy, as it was called, of the Resident carried consterna tion into the camp of the Governor-General, and he was written to in these terms:— " You were authorised, if no grave reasons should upon inquiry appear to you to exist to dispose the Governor- General in Council to thwart the Ma Sahibeh's wishes in favour of Bhow 'hiker's second son, to inform her Highness that the Governor-General in Council, having taking into consideration all past occurrences, and the present position of the Holkar state. bad formed the con clusion that it was most for the benefit of the state that the younger son of Bhowj Holkar should succeed to theGha dee, but you were only authorised to make this commu nication latter inquiry. You were only authorised to make it to the Mall Sahibeh herself ; you were not au thorised to make a public communication to this effect in durbar ; still less' were you authorised in durbar to explain the desire of the British Government to perpetuate the Holkar state, or to speak of making a selection from amongst those who were eligible, or to refer to the Mah Sahiheh's having pointed out the younger son of Bhow Holkar, or to refer to the great re spect of the Governor-General for the Mah Sahibeh as the motive which had induced the British Government to place that boy on the Ghadee. " You were not authorised to say any thing which could by possibility be held to bind the British Govern ment to the adoption of a course similar to that now adopted, in the event of a similar vacancy of the gud• dee; you were in no respect to bind up the hands of the Government for the future; you were not to use any expressions which could by possibility be interpreted as conveying the sanction of the British Government to an adoption of a successor to the guddee by the Mah Sahibeh. 'The Governor-General in Council would fain hope that you left upon the minds of all the impression that the younger son of Bhow Holksr was placed upon the guddee by the mere will of the British Government." Now. the Governor-General goes on to say, elsewhere— "lt is not necessary now to advert particularly to the intentions which were entertainel by the Governor- General in Council with regard to the nomination on this occasion of a successor to an extensive independent principality, left without a legal heir, and of the mode in which it was proposed to mark the difference of the posi tion in respect to the paramount state of the chief of its selection, from one who might succeed in due course to tho-Ghadee of his ancestors. S./ " The opportunity of marking an important line of policy has been lost to the Government by your pro ceedings on this occasion; for in the face of what you, as the representative of the British Government, and in its name, have done, as above described, it would be, the Governor-General in Council considers, inconsistent to offer to the young chief a sunned of appointment, and to demand from him a nuzzar, the mark of,subordi nation and dependence." Now, the Resident, in order to reinstate himself in the good opinion of his superior, proposed that the Governor- General should write to the young Raja an intimation : s e : rests of that he sat upon the throne as the nominee of the British Government with limitation only to the heirs male of his body. This was accordingly done, and now Governor-General Hardinge appeared upon the scene, who u w a r v o i t n e g to a — British o ka j d e e e s Holkar r i o n m t po h at e lei s t e t: te : r ti m hu the chiefs and people of the state, and to preserve the t n hs earn est T an arrangement as would conduce to the hGoonvoeurrilmanedn,pdreotsepremriitnyedofonthtehisproienectlisiou to make such accomplish ment of these ends, and would at the same time, it was believed, be agreeable to the feeling of the remaining members of the family of the late Hums Rao Holkar, and of the chiefs and nobles of the principality. ", Actuated by these motives, I was induced to direct the British Resident at Indore to nominate your High ness to the occupation of the vacant Ghadee. Again he.says :— " It is the intention of the British: Government, in thus bestowing on your Highness :the principality of the Holkar state, that the chiefship should descend to the heirs male of your Highness a body lawfully begotten, in due succession, from generation to gene ration." Now, here they had the Governor-General . absolutely giving away the principality of Holkar with as much sang -froid as it it were his own estate. How, then, did the Governor-General acquire the right of disposing of it in this manner ? They were connected with' the state by treaty. In 1804, they first caine into contact with it. They came into contact with JerWut Rao Holkar hi 1805, when they made up the difference by treaty which bound them to continue in perpetual friendship with the Holkar state. In 1816 they came in contact with hip successor, and after stripping him of half his posses sions, they made another treaty with biin by which they granted him absolute possession of his territory, whether he had heirs or no, and they had no more right to dispoSe of it in the manner they did, than they would have to dis pose of the kingdom of Denmark if the present king died without heirs. He had told them the object of the Go vernor-General in setting aside Martund Rao and all his heirs to the Holkar state. Let him now show them what was the pretext for all this. The British Govern ment having in the 'first instance recognised Martund Rao, the adopted heir of Mulhar Rao, and afterwards having recognised' his heir by blood, Ilurree Rao, and in succession to him Kundi Rao, it would have been inconsistent, the Governor-General said, to have recog nised Martund Rao a second time. Now, he asked them, which was most conspicuous in these transactions —their enormous justice or their odious hypocrisy? The next proceeding was to declare themselves the rulers, lords paramount cf the state, and to degrade the once powerful sovereignty of Holkar into the position of a jugadeei, limiting the succession to heirs male of the body and thus depriving the sovereign of the vain-. able privilege of adoption which he had previously en joyed.—(Hear, hear.) This was done under the usual profession of scrupulous good faith. The British varnnient informed the Holkar of its earnest desire " To promote the interests of the Chiefs and the people of the state, and to preserve the honour and prosperity of the principality, ,by making such an 'arrangement as would conduce to the accOmplishinent of those ends, and would at the same time be agreeable to the feelings of the remaining members of the family—and of the chiefs and nobles of the principality." He was happy to say that the parties engaged in that discreditable attempt to rob a native sovereign of his-- rights had _overreached titemselvea„ and the young Holkar was placed on his Ghadee without any restrictions whatever.—(llear, hear.) It was an atter thought of the Governor-General to write him a letter, telling him that ho sat on the throne as the nominee of the British Government; but it was too late, and he now sat there enjoying all the ancient right, of his state. — (Hear, hoar.) Baring thus stated to them fifteen-or sixteen instances where the sovereigns of India, had exercised independent rights of succes sion without the British Government having put forward any pretensions to question such rights, bat by and with the consent of its formal recognition cf the right, he felt that he had said enough to justify the' adoption of his resolutions.—(Hear, hear.) He need hardly point out to them the wide distinction between the right to recognise, or to refuse the recog nition of the title of a particular individual, and the right to interdict or allow tho right of adop tion; for instance, they might properly refuse to recognise the succession of a particular person from political motives. They might ,have refused to recog nise Napoleon as the sovereign of France, just as Louis the 14th refused to recognise William the 3rd as sove reign of England.—(Hear, hear.) But the refusal to recognise the adoption here stood upon a very different footing. The distinction he had mentioned was clearly stated in a speech . of a Right Honourable Friend of his made on a former occasion, whose absence from sickness he much deplored, as he was quite sure these resolutions would have had his cordial support. He said— " And, Sir, this brings to my mind an important dis tinction to which it is necessary to advert. I freely ad • mit that in all cases of adoption, where there is a dis pute as to the succession, the sanction of the paramount power is necessary. And why? Because we have taken upon ourselves, and we are entitled to take .upon our selves, the task of maintaining the • peace of all subordi nate states in India. In such a case our sanction is re quisite for 'the purpose of declaring that the thing is legal and regular; that rights have not'been violated what the feelings of th people have not been outraged; and that your own just rights, have not been set aside. But in such a case, your sanctionis in its nature a judicial sanction given to prevent or settle disputes. You are bound to give it to the rightful claimant, just as you are bound to acknowledge the rightful heir ; and the fact that it is sought no more entitles you to withhold it, than the appeal of parties entitles a judge to appropriate to him self the thing litigated." With this stream of precedents before them, of sove reigns of all classes having exercised independent rights of succession by virtue ef the law and custom of India, he was entitled to ask them, and he had a right to expect an explicit answer—how it came about that, when they determined to bar the Rajas of Sattara and Coloba the right of succession by adoption, they said they wore warran-ed in doing so by the laws and customs of India? —( Hear, hear.) These were their words— " Concurring with you in opinion, we are satisfied, that by the general law and custom of India, a dependant principality, like that of Setters, cannot pass to an adopted heir without the consent of the paramount power ; that we are under no pledge, direct or con structive, to give such consent." Now the directors said they were satisfied, *Ad the Court ,of Proprietors. kid_ a right to know what it was that satisfied them. They bad a right to ask when they were satisfied. He demanded to know when it was that this stream of light first broke upon them, scattering away all the darkness in which they appeared to have been enveloped for 25 years?— (Hear, hear.) They said "concurring in this opinion," but they did not say what that opinion was, and it would therefore become his duty to endeavour to pin them down to the opinion expressed by the Governor. General, which they said they concur in. In the first place, then, he would ask whether they concurred in this opinion?— "I hold it to be established as a general rule, beyond cavil or doubt, in the papers, now before us that, while adoption by a prince of any individual is valid, so far as to constitute him heir to the adopter's private posses sions, it is of no power or effect whatever in constituting him heir to the principality, or to sovereign rights, until the adoption has received the sanction ef the sovereign power, with whom it rests to give or to refuse it." Now, hero they had positive proof of the criminal igno rance;with vthich this important question had been dis cussed. Here they had the Governor. General asserting it as an established rule, admitting of no cavil or doubt, that no sovereign prince in India had a right to adopt—that they had a right to refuse or to sanction the adoption; but had the Governor-General been in possession of the papers which he (Mr. Sullivan) then held in his hand, he would have seen that this esta blished rule came in direct contact with the rule laid down by his predecessors, and by which it was acknow ledged that every sovereign prince had a right to adopt, and that we had no option, but were bound to acknow ledge the right. Now, if the directors were in unison with the opinion of the Governor-General, they were in direct opposition to their former opinions.—(Hear, hear.) But perhaps they had changed their minds; perhaps they were now of opinion that no sovereign prince in India had a right to adopt I ,a successor. Let him give them their own words:— "If the Raja were created a sovereign, in the ordi- nary acceptation of the term, he was unq - ueitionably com petent to appoint a successor to his royal rights, as well us an heir to his personal property." This was an unqualified admission, on their part, that all sovereigns in the ordinary sense of the word, that was 99 out of every 100, the exception being the Raja of Set ters, had a right to adopt a successor. But were they really of opinion that none but ordinary sovereigns could adopt? During the Government of Lord Aucklind some cases of this nature occurred, and there was a letter of Mr. haddocks, the Government secretary, in which the right was admitted, so far as the Raja of Oocha was concerned. What said the Governor General of that day upon the point. Why, this— " I cannot for a moment admit the doctrine, that be. cause the view of policy upon which we may have form ed engagements with native princes may have been y cir cumstances h , e an ß d aj l a find of in these words •—‘ Oorcha, materially altered, we are not to act scru pulously up to the terms and spirit of th o se en g a g ements. "I b• that its preamble comme nces The Raja of Ooreha is one of the chiefs of Bundelkund, b y ' whom and his ancestors , his p rese nt possessions have rea been h e ld in successive generations during a long ha have d ed on the to our 23d D ecember, t t reaty with course of years, without paying tribute or acknow ledging vassalage to any _other power.' And the treaty formed with the Baja is designated as one of friendship and alliance ;' the territory, which from ancient times has descended to the Raja by inherit ance, and is now in his possession, being guaranteed to the said Raja, and to his heirs and successors.' Upon words so distinct and positive as these, I hold it to be impossible to raise a question, and I am of opinion, therefore, that the Raja of Oorcha must be regarded as one of those sovereign rulers who, according to the very proper rule laid down in the letter . of Sir Charles Met calfe, of 28th October, 1837, is entitled to make an adoption, in his own discretion, which the British Go vernment is bound to acknowledge, provided that such adoption be regular, and not in violation of llindoo law. " Admitting the right of the Raja, for the reasons owhichur recognition l hav e st a stated, that d to adopt right a nwi twith heir, the e a m s e n p o a t r d a t i s o p osed, after much reflection on the whole subject, to mix up con sideration of the punishment that may be due to him for unwarranted opposition to the Briiish power." It was impossible to raise a question about words so dis tinct and positive as those, and he, therefore, maintained that, if the directors took up the ground that none but ordinary sovereigns had a right to adopt, they were di rectly opposed to Lord Auckland's minute.—(Hear, hear.) But the directors were now of opinion with the Governor-General, that heirs and successors meant lineal descendants, but, as Lord Auckland observed in treaties where tire words were so distinct and positive as those, it was impossible to raise a question about thew. In dealing with these cases , however , the question ought not to turn upon whether the. sovereign was an ordinary or an extraordinary one, but what were the rights granted to him by the treaty. Now, precisely such a question as that occurred under the Government of Lord Auckland. In viewing this question (says his Lordship), it was by these treaties alone that their relations in I right u w f e s l. u e c su o ccession s b s i e on b governed.ecame dormant A ll u so the moment mrespectingtreaties the were conclude& They might restrict princes in Indialty , I treaty as to the persons,whom they were to adopt. They 4 ONGS OF SCOTLAND. k Under the immediate Patronage of the Right Honourable Lord I'iLARCUS C. WILL, the Right Honourable Lord KINNAIRD, the Right Honourable Lord SALTOUN, Sir JAMES DUKE, Bart. M.P., and other Distinguished Parties. Mr. MILNE (the Scottish Vocalist) and the Misses SMITH beg to announce to their numerous Patrons and Friends that they intend giving a SCOTTISH ENTERTAINMENT, at the MUSIC-HALL, STORE-STREET. BEDFORD-SQUARE, on MONDAY, April 22, at Eight o'clock. Pianoforte, Mr. F. Smith. Tickets, Is.; Reserved Seats, 25.; Boxes, 3s. ; Private Boxes, lie. Tickets to be had at the Hall, and all binalesellers.