The Sun. — London, England, 1845-03-11 00:00:00

THE LATE EXPLOSION AT BLACK WALL. INQUEST ON THE BODIES. (Continued from'our Afternoon Edition of yesterday. ) On their re-assembling, Mr. Fa: ey stated that he had seen the boiler since it had been removed a small distance from the place where it stood at the moment of explosion. The explosion was outwards, bursting the exterior shell of the boiler. The boiler had been burst by a very intense pressure. It was not to be accounted fur on any supposition of the safety-valve which he saw being merely overloaded ; but he thought that it must have been fastened down, thus rendering this case very different from those explosions which they,had on record. All the steam pro duced being retained, anZ so accumulated within the boiler, occasioned a pressure which had burst the boiler with ex treme violence, projecting large pieces to a height in the air and to a very great distance—one niece in particular had cut itself into the bricks of a wall at a considerable distance from the boiler, which showed that that piece must have been projected with a velocity which might have been expected from an explosion of gunpowder, but not from any ordinary explosion of a steam boiler. The earth on which the boiler stood had been forced downwards by the violence of the explosion, that being a symptom of c splosion by gunpowder, but not a usual symptom of explosion by steam. The appearances convinced him quite independent of any information to that effect, that the valve had been fastened down, and that the engine had not been at work at the time at any speed which would pro duce escape by expenditure. He was convinced that a pros sure of 1001bs. on the square inch would not pro duce the effect which he had seen there. The pro duction of gas within a boiler, and the explosion of that gas would be impossible, unless in the case where a boiler was empty, or nearly empty, and the metal in the vi cinity of the remaining water red hot. There was no ap pearance o fsuch having taken place. The supposition that hydrogen gas might be produced within a boiler was that a portion of the water in it had had the oxygen absorbed from it by the oxidation of the metallic parts of the boiler. If that took place oxide of iron must be found in the boiler in palpable quantities. There were no such appearances in the present case. Another supposition was requisite to account tbr an explosion taking place of the hydrogen gas, supposing it to be produced, namely, that atmospheric air, or oxygen, from some other source, and that that oxygen in a state of gas should become mixed with the hydrogen, as it was only , the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a gaseous state, which ' would cause an explosion, the explosion itself being in fact a combination of the two gases previously mixed in suitable proportions for combining. The supposition was, that the water was first decomposed and again combined at the mo ment of the explosion. In this case he saw appearances which warranted him in supposing that the water had been decomposed, and recomposed again in the form of gases. There was no appearance of a sufficiency of water in the boiler; the uppermost row of tubes which must have been the first to have been laid dry by the deficiency of water, were brass, and showed no symptoms of having been over heated. If they had, the brass would not absorb oxygen from the water in sufficient quantities to have liberated any hy drogen. The tubes lower down were iron, And showed no appearance of having been red hot. In answer to a question from a juror, Mr. Farey said that in explosions in as works he found them arise from a combination of hydrogen and air, and they were always attended with tire. In at tempts made some years ago to construct engines being propelled by a vacuum caused by explosive action—a substitute for steam engines—the circumstances were so similar to those attending this case, as to leave no doubt whatever on his mind that the explosion was occasioned by the elasticity of steam alone. There were two instances on record of explosions from safety-valves being fastened clown—one in the case of a boiler of one of the earliest attempts at locomotives; the other at Lyons, by which Mr. Steele lost his life. He had never seen so much violence oc casioned by any steam explosion before, in fact it looked more like the effects of gunpowder, for the ground was do pressed to an amazing extent by the recoil of the boiler. Edward Bell, engineer, Putney, stated he had practised fur the profession for eighteen years,.and was also a public lecturer on steam-boilers. He had seen the boiler in question, since it had been removed, and he had also heard the evit'ence of Mr. Farey. The conclusions that gentle- man had drawn were perfectly correct. The safety- valve must have stuck fast, or it must have been fastened down. Two valves would have been more safe ; because, in the event of one getting fastened, the escape of steam might take place by the other. Those parts of the boiler which were there exposed to view bore no appearance of having been overheated, and it there fore appeared that the pressure must have been gradual, and not instantaneous. That would have been the case had hydrogen gas been formed in the boiler, and from the Omer-. rations he had made, lie could only attribute the bursting of the boiler to the safety-valve not having acted properly. He' had examined the safty-valve, and found that the difference between the area of the valve and that of the valve-box, immediately above the seat, was only three inches. This would allow an escape sufficient to prevent an explosion like the present.. Ile also concurred with Mr. Farey that there must have been at least a pressure of 100Ibs to the square inch. The pressure must have been immense. The CORONER asked when the engineer, Lowe, would be enabled to be present?—Mr. Bain, his medical attendant, said that upon Friday be might be le to attend. The CORONER thought that in that case it would be bettor to tix Monday next for further inquiry. The inquiry was then adjourned to the latter period. COAT. 2VI.A.R.ICET. " Prices per ton at the close of the market :—Adair's Main, 15s 6d ; Bundle's West Hartley, 16s ; Carr's Hartley, 16s ; East Tanfield, 15s 6d ; Morrison's Hartley, 15s ; elson's West Hartley, 16s Gd; Old I'ontop, 14s 6d ; Old Tanfield, 15s 3d ; Pott's Primrose, I4s 6d ; Itavensworth West llartley, 16s; Shipcote, unscreened, 14s; South Pontop, 15s 6d; Tanfield Moor, 19s Gd; Taylor's West Hartley, 16s; West Wylam, 16s; Wylam, 15s Gd; W. E., Bell and Brown. IBs 3d ; W. E., Gibson, 18s ; W. E., Gosforth, 188 3d ; W. E, Hilda, 17s Gd; W. E., L'rpeth, 16s; Wrcckington, 15s 6d ; Eden Main, 18s 9d ; Braddyll's Hetton, 20s 3d ; East Hetton, 17s 3d ; rioughall, 18s ; Hetton, 20s 3d ; Hylton, ; Larnbton, 19s 9d ; Morrison, Us 9d ; Hetton Lyons, 183; Pemberton, 18s ; Sherburn, 19s 9d ; Stewart's, 20s 3d ; Adelaide, 193 3d ; South Coxlme, 16s ; Tees, 19s 3d; Con pen Hartley, 16s; Ilartley, 15s 6d ; Sidney's Hartley - , 16s; Suapethorpe, 183.—Ships arrived, 119. RAILWAY COMMITTEE. (Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yesterday.) The Committee No. ] decided that in the following cases the standing orders had been complied with, viz.: Midland (Lin coln and Ely) Railway, North Woolwich Railway, York and North Midland (Doocaster Extension) Railway, and Sheffield; Ashton-under-Lune, and Manchester Railway. In the following cases the Committee decided, that upon minor points the standing orders had not been complied with, viz.: Midland (Nottingham and Lincoln) Railway, and Midland (Swinton and Lincoln) Railway. The Committee adjourned at Half-past Four. COURT CIrsCULAR. The Queen held a Court yesterday afternoon at Bucking- Palace. Anli Effendi, Ambassador Extraordinary from the Sublime Port e,had an audience of her Majesty to take leave. Sarim Effendi had an 'audience of the Queen to present his credentials as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten tiary from the Sublime Porte. Their Excellencies were respectively introduced by the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., her Majesty's Principal Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and conducted by Sir Robert Chester, Master of the Ceremonies. The Earl of Aberdeen had an audience of the Queen. Her Majesty was attended by the Earl of Morton, Lord in Waiting, and Mr. It. Ormsby Gore, Groom in Waiting. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horseback yesterday, attended by Sir Edward Bowater, Equerry- in Waiting. Her Majesty and Prince Albert, attended by the Countess of Dunmore, lion. AThs Paget, Earl of Morton, Colonel the Hon. Charles Grey, and Major General Sir Edward Bowater, honoured the perthrmance of the French Plays with their presence yesterday evening. Their R y•al Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Pi incess Royal, and the Princess Alice, were taken an airing in the royal gardens of linckingham Palace yesterday. The Duchess of Gloucester visited their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge, and the Hereditary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, on Sunday, at Cambridge House. The Duke of Cambridge visited her Royal Highnes3 the Duchess of Gloucester yesterday. The Grand Duchess (Stephanie) of Baden.—ller Royal Highness attended by the Baroness de Strumfeder, and Baron Roth de Schreckenstein went yesterday morning to Westminster Abbey to inspect that sacred edifice. His Excellency the Chevalier Bunsen, Prussian Minister, accom panied the Grand Duchess during her visit to the Abbey. A deputation of ropemakers, on the subject of the duty on cable yarn, consisting of Mr. James J. FroA, Mr. George Gould, Mr. Charles Rennet!, and Mr. James Falfrond, had an interview with the Earl of Dalhousie yesterday, at the office id the Board 4f Trade. Sir J. Graham and other Cabinet Ministers had interviews with Sir Robert Peel yesterday. The Judicial Committee of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council sat yesterday in the Council Chamber. The Lords present were the Master of the Rolls, Lord Brougham, the Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce, the Chancellor of the Duchy idCornwall, and the Judge of the Admiralty Court. A petition for an extension of the term of Parkins's patent was heard. Their Lordships granted an extension of the cried of the patent for the term of five years. MR. J. COI-lAN'S CONCERT. This concert trv::& place at the Sussex Hall, Leadenhall street, last and went off with great cchit. The t?lenttu bentficiarc himself gave us three of his own exquisite k;intasias on the Pianoforte, which were cleverly executed and much applauded. The Distills were there, with the Sax- horns, and John Parry with his comic songs. The must wonderful performance of the evening, however, was the guitar duet by Don J. and Don R. de Ciebra. In their hands the guitar is really an instrument—an instrument of expression, of power, and of compass. Until we heard these gentlemen we had no idea that the guitar could be 'made to discourse such excellent music. They were loudly applauded, and the duet was rapturously encored. The principal vocalists were Miss Sara Flower, bliss Canavan, a young lady of great promise, and the Beguina. Signor Lanza conducted. The concert was very well attended. DREADFUL Didall BY FIRE OF A FESIALE, 103 YotßAitse O'clock, G a ß—On . Saturda morning, between twelve and 103 female l named Sarah Cox, who had arrived at the age of distressing expired in St. George's Hospital under the fullowir, is i tressing circumstences :—The deceased ie sided at Chapel. place, Brompton, and was in possession of a yeizirlsl o ir f al ug ep e e ii m a le n n i a ) c l;h Her daughter, who is upwards of 60 o h lived with her, had left home for the purpose of obtaining quarterly amount of income, when the. ()Id woman, in reaching e fr r o something from the mantelpiece, fell over the guard in of the fire and set herself in a blaze, in which state she found by her landlady ; but before the flames could be e s x r •a n fu g l i i i 3 i . sh sc e o d rc h l e ie r d e . lot s h i e , s e I,..aweres coilC(1"1 : sumach and her person frightfully veyed to St. George's Hospital, where death terminated her aulleri9gs. CoLusiori OFI' DEPTFORD DOCKYARD.—Late on Al - 55 proceeding en Saturd .iy night, as the Iloyal Adelaide stel and Nvl,l,l,t;ra,lairte.a.(iiii'en'fl:lP,lte dockyard, she ran her F.,..ktge to Edinburgh, anti s b 1 ):: , ", Lineolmillire, last down the sAtooner Aan Guthrie, froin Sligo, with a full cargo of pork, beef, it Joi, together With a grattitity ef oatQ, for the London market. ..--,-7 - _ .. .7tpa, (-h:, it (Aven o'clock) tit the schooner Nvas ' n s it7se d cl a i n u k n a t t il the —CO lecarrk hie , lt,l k. -:1:e wan ntritek co the Si n v ; dtlt such lllrce that ,1. , ,at..; (tit to the watcT'S taige ill all in.i i a L.rifiruii , r,.: - .., - (4 . the Eiry.d :\dclaide retalarc.l tvery - tt .,l7' !;ao lil' c*l)- seltolikr, and whil..: in a 7inkin,i; ltitte iolVf , d le..r into nfiallecj to the nest t:,;.. f• lc Cl I)e.'4i , , where tlk tr.nter. clod erc,v. - were safely pli ,t' o e n r Shofc. 1:y the collklon Ilk, A7lll !,Iqt t ! ,./. f ore mast., h er 1 .,,,,,,, c ,",,, ns cut to ergs, aa.l 11,: - bal,V,i'::o; 1,1 ,,,, h. Late List night ' she was still tilt',',' 1,'.1,1*, nolhiog I :::: !kr inainlas• rani r:t:glng bee vi aside. Every Attempt to NyelOt or during the day was made, Lut without success. .A coosiilo - nIIC portion of her ew-go has been do.- --,roaatit autl rendered unsaleohl9, - L.lti Duman had an interview with Sir Robert Few on StanarciAy. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, March 10. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the Woolsack at Five o'clock. SALE OF SPIRITS ON SUNDAYS. The Bishop of LONDON presented seventy peti tions from various parts of the country, praying the Hcuse to prevent the sale of ardent spirits on the Lord's-day. The Right Rev. Prelate said, that al though he could not go the whole length with the petitioners, he would observe that the clause intro duced into the Metropolitan Police Act, prohibiting the slle of intoxicating liquors after a certain hour on Sundays, had had an extraordinary and gratifying effect in improving public morals, so that there was a very great diminution in the number of charges at the police• offices on Mondays. A similar clause, intro duced into the Liverpool Police Bill at his (the Bishop of London's) suggestion, had also been attended with the most happy results in that great town. This he had upon the authority of one of the magis trates, who assured him that the people of Liverpool could never be sufficiently grateful to their Lordships for so great an improvement. He thought that the provision ought to be extended to other large towns, and that so far their Lordships might comply with the prayer of the petitioners. FEMALE PROTECTION. The RIGHT REV. PRELATE also presented a petition from the clergy and other persons in the town of Uxbridge on the subject which had been brought under their Lordships' notice last session by a Right Rev. Prelate, in order to put down those houses which were used for the seduction of females, and who were desirous of protecting females from the evils to which they were exposed. AGRICULTURAL. PROTECTION. The Duke of WELLINGTON presented a peti. tion from Basingstoke in favour of agricultural pro• teetion. IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. Lord I3ROUGHAM presented petitions from the Ayr Stewatry in the county of Kircudbrigbt, and from another place in Scotland, on the subject of im prisonment for debt, as regulated by the Act of last session. The NOBLE LORD also presented a petition from certain gentlemen, attorneys at Oswestry, who were entitled to practise in the Courts of Westminster, and who from their position as masters extraordinary in Chancery were authorised to take oaths. The petitioners, their Lordships were aware, were highly respectable individuals, and from their peculiar position their experience was highly valuable. They stated that it was their impression that if the Act of the Lord-Lieutenant for Sussex had been acted upon it would greatly have tended to prevent the commission of perjury, which was fre quently occasioned by the necessity for taking so many oaths in the courts of law and justice. REMEDY FOR CREDITORS. The NOBLE LORD also presented a petition from the city of Bath, praying that after all the necessary immunity had been given to the creditor, that ad• ditional means might he given to the creditor for re covering his claims from fraudulent debtors. The Act of last session touched all the goods but did not in many instances touch the incomes o: debtors. Creditors could not seize the rents of their debtors, neither could they touch their salaries. If therefore a man had a salary of 2001. he might go to several tradesmen and contract debts of 19/. and up to 201. each, and then laugh at his creditors. He (Lord Brougham) would remedy this defect. OTAHEITE. The Earl of MINTO said, that in consequence of the indisposition of Lis Noble Friend, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and his consequent il.ability to ap pear .n his place, he would postpone the notice of motion of which he had given notice with respect to her Majesty's ships Hazard and Basilisk at the islands of Otaheite from this day till Friday. He would take that oppor tunity of saying, that though he perfectly agreed with the expressions of the Noble Dulce (the Duke of - Wellington) the other evening respecting the courtesy of the llouse ; yet he thought the Noble Duke had gone too far in that motion, ani that his Noble Friend (the Marquis of Normanby) was right in the course he intended to pursue. Lord BROUGHAAI said the Noble Earl had pro fessed to be a great patron of order, and yet he had began with one of the most irregular things that could possibly have occurred. The Earl of MINTO said he would not trouble their Lordships further than to express his opinion that a notice was only necessary in cases where opposition might be expected. In other cases, he thought it was still left discretionary with the party putting the question to give notice or not. The Duke of WELLINGTON admitted the ex ception, and the matter dropped. JEWISH DISABILITIES BILL. Lord MONTEAGLE presented a petition in favour of the Bill. The LORD CHANCELLOR said, in moving the second reading of the Bill referred to by the petition just presented by his Noble Friend—as he did, not anticipate any effective opposition to the measure—he should confine himself to stating very shortly the motives and intention of the Bill. The object was to get rid of the disabilities, some anomalies, some inconsistencies, and, he might be permitted to say, some absurdities, w hich pressed upon persons pro fessing the Jewish persuasion. In order that he might be fully understood upon the subject, he should begin by shortly calling their Lord-hips' attention to the position in which persons entertaining the Jewish religion stood with respect to offices held under the Crown. There was no objection to these persons being placed in the commission of the peace for a county, and many of them at present held .theim portant and responsible office of county magistrates. There were recent instances of these appointments to offices of this description. Sir Moses Montefiore, who was at present a justice of peace for the Cinque Ports, and also was a magistrate for Kent, had, within a short period, had his name recommended by the Lord-Lieutenant to be placed in the commission of the peace for the county of Middlesex. But this was not a solitary instance. Mr. Salomon, several years ago, was placed in the commission of the peace for the county of Sussex, and had since been placed in the commission of the peace for the county of Kent. Mr. Lizardi and Mr. Cowen, two other gen tlemen of the Jewish persuasion, were also magis trates for the county of Sussex, and he had never heard c.ny complaint made of those appointlnents, nor had he ever heard that any of these gentlemen had rniconducted thernselvjs in the discharge of their magisterial duties. On the contrary, he believed that they had conducted themselves with the greatest propriety. Nor was it merely to the commission of the peace they were confined, they held also the office of Deputy- Lieutenant in different counties. Mr. Salomoes was a Deputy-Lieutenant ; so was also one of the Messrs. Roth3childs—nay, more, they were so by Parlia mentary sanction and authority. They were eligible to th... office of High Sheriff. They were not only eligible, but they were bound, when appointed, to discharge the duties; and if they refused to accept the office, according to the charter of the city of Lon don, they were subject to a heavy pecuniary . penalty. That was the position of persons belonging to the Jewish persuasion with respect to many high and preeminent offices in this country. They all knew that the office of sheriff was a stepping-stone and pnssport to the office of alderman of the city of Lon& n. A person who conducted himaelf with pro priety in the office of sheriff, and discharged the duties to the satisfaction of the citizens of London, so as to earn their regard and esteem, thus would have great hfluence and effect when the office of alderman became vacant, and that person appeared and offered himself as a candidate. When a responsible and burdensome office was imposed upon any man, which led to others as the rewards of that labour and re sponsibility, and their Lordships compel him to fulfil the preliminary office, and to discharge the burden some duties, while they excluded him from the higher and lucrative office, which was its usual reward— (Hear, hear)—nothing could be more unjust than such a proceeding—nothing more impolitic and un sise than to withhold rewards for the discharge of duties in a laborious and responsible office. That was not only unjust and impolitic, but the manner in which it was effected was vexatious. A gentle man in the office of sheriff gained the esteem and ap probation of his fellow-citizens, and was unanimously elected Alderman. He went to the Mayor and Alder men to be admitted. He offered to take the oaths, but the answer was, " there is, in addition to these, a declaration prescribed by the 9th Geo. IV., which you will have to take first." That declaration was, that the person elected would not use the influence, power, or authority of his office to injure the Protestant re ligion or the Protestant Church of this country. All this the person elected was willing to declare, but he was told that he must subscribe the declaration in the true faith of a Christian. That ho could not consci entiously subscribe. If it were necessary to exclude the Jews, let it he done by direct legislation. Hera was an individual, a county magistrate, a deputy - lieutenant, capable of being elected and bound . to serve the office of the Sheriff of London, educated in the City, brought up in commercial pursuits, and intimately acquainted with the trade and local interi;sts of London. Would their Lordsl - ips pad a Bill to exclude such a man from the oPI;c of Alderman, and if not, they ought not to do Lo 1:y the circuitous means now r.dopted. Per haps their LorchWips w re not acquainttil with the rice distinctions upon this ~ ulject. These dEtine tions ccre the subject tif inquiry in the Court of Queen':, Bench, wt! , !re a Noble Lord near him de eidtd that it was the duty of the Court of Alder n tc alnit him upon his taking the ooths, leaving it to lato;:elf to si g n the declar a ti on w h en h e th oug h t but if he neglected to do so, he was protected by the Act of Indtinnity. Th a t d ec i s i on was revel-Fed by a writ of error , in the Court of Exchequer, which ruled that the declaration should be taken at the time of presenting himself, and that the Mayor, and Court of Aldermen had the right to prescribe the order in which the oaths and the declarations should be taken. The result was, that the Court of Aldermen, who had no voice in the election, might, by prescribing the declaration in the first instance, exclude the person elected, and place an officer favoured by them, but not elected by the citizens, thus giving the aldermen control over the elections in which they had no con cern. That was not the case in other towns in Eng land. In Birmingham the oaths were taken first, and if the declaration were not signed afterwards, the neglect was protected by the Act of Indemnity. Thus it was in Birmingham, Portsmouth, Southamp ton, and other places. Ilis object was to get rid of these anomalies, and to place the matter on a clear and distinct footing. The mode which he propost d was well known to their Lordships. It was when the declaration was about to be taken by a person of a Jewish persuasion, that the words "in the true faith of a Christian" should be omitted. They had done this in the case of Quakers, Aloravians, Inde pendents, and others, who had scruples of conscience against that form. lie might be told that the object of the words was to exclude Jess s, but he had a case in favour of th's view, in times less liberal than the present, when people saw dangers that were not now apprehended, and were disposed to be more chime rical. In the 10th year of George 1., the same words were omitted in favour of the Jews from the declara tion prescribed by the Abjuration Act. In the Act, the 14th of George 11., the same exception in favour of the Jews was made. He thought it right to rest his case on these limited grounds, lest the particular hardship might be lost sight of, if he went into a wider discussion of principles. He would not go into details of what was dose in other countries—in France, in Belgium, in the United States of America, and, above all, in Holland—(Hear, hear)—where, without any distinctior, for a great number of years, Jews had been admitted into the highest offices with out any inconvenience, and to the satisfaction of all enlightened minds. In the Austrian States a great improvement was proceeding; but Prussia was taking the lead of liberality to the Jews. Jews were ad mitted to the schools and universities, and several of them attained the highest distinctions in the learned professions. (The Noble Lord then read a document to the effect that the Jews in the Prussian universities and the learned professions in Prussia, distinguished for learning and genius, were considerably more than in the proportion of their numbers to the other race.) There was nothing that he more regretted than the degradation of this class; and their Lordships had always expressed a sympathy for the disabilities to which they were exposed. And under these circum stances he did hope that their Lordships would pass the Bill which he now submitted to their attention.— (Hear, hear.) He thought it unnecessary to enter on any lengthened review of the Acts which related to the hardships and disabilities to which members of the Jewish persuasion were exposed; and he thought that the time was come when all the obsolete Acts by which tl-ese disabilties were imposed should be swept from the statute book. He need only refer to one of those similar Acts which had been imposed in former times—he meant, that of Edward I.—by which members Of the Jewish persuasion were not only confined to par ticular towns, but to particular districts of those towns, called " Jewries," and by which they were obliged to affix certain badges to their outer garments, which ex pressed their religious opinions and callings. This, he thought, was a sufficieat review to justify the House-in sweet ing those acts from the statute book. The Bishop of LONDON said that he bad but one observation to make on this Bill. He should not now oppose it, for he knew that would only bring on a use less discussion ; but he would beg their Lordships to observe that by this silent acquiescence in the second reading he by no means precluded himself from Opposing it in a future state. He would not pledge himself to any particular line of conduct with regard to the Bill. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE said that he was not at all surprised at the declaration just made by the Right Rev. Prelate, but he nevertheless rejoiced at the introduction of this Bill, and he trusted that the time was not far distant when all disabilities would be re moved from the members of the Jewish persuasion. He c ;uld nut help congratulating the Noble and Learned Lord on the Woohaek on the perfect consistency of his conduct on this occasion. He (the. Marquis of Lans downe) recollected that five years ago the Noble and Learned Lord had presented a petition from Mr. Salo mons, for the very privilege which this Bill was about to confer, and he would therefore congratulate the house on the progress of liberal opinions, and hoped they would find encouragement in the wise course they had now adopted. His firm impression was, that the time was not far distant when a full consideration of this sub ject would be called for, and when that House would be compelled to do justice to a class of men than whom none were more respectable ; and that without in the least inconveniencing the public interests of the country. What could be more injurious to the public interests, what more unjust to the individuals themselves, than that while respectable men of the Jewish persuasion should be admitted to the magistracy in counties, they should be excluded in corporations? What more ridt culous than that they were fit for the office of - Sfiiiiff and Justice of the Peace, and yet be incompetent to fill the office of - Alderman of the city of London? He cor dially supported the Bill brought in by the Noble and Learned Loral upon the Woolsack. Lord BROUGHAM said he entirely concurred in tho opinions that had fallen from the Noble Lord who had just spoken, and he hoped that the measure brought in by his NoVe and Learned Friend upon the Wool sack would be passed without one voice being raised against it. While he thought that no long time would t lapse ere further cone, ssiens were made to the Jews, he yet thought that the limited Bill of his Noble and Learned Friend was more politic and more expedient than a more extended iresieure would be at that time. It was certainly a most ridiculous anomaly that members of the Jewish persuasion should be empowered to act as ministers of justice in counties, and be denied the same privileges—he would not call them privileges, he would say rights—in corporations. It would be most ungrate ful in him--it would be most unjust to his fellow la bourers in the city ( f London—if he did not take the opportunity of recording the great, the charitable, the generous, the magnificent aid rendered by the gentlemen of the Jewish persuasion to all sects and all classes, their enlightened industry in promoting wise and useful ob jects, without regard to creed or sect, and the readiness with a hich they aided, with purse and hand, any scheme which was calculatsd to advance the interests of their fellow-subjects. Lord CAMPBELL adverted to the Bill brought in in 1810, to remove the disabilities that pressed upon the Jaas. That Bill was rejected by a large majority in that llouse. When he had the honour, in 1831, of being Attorney-General he, in the case of Mr. Salomons, re ferred to by the Noble Lord, brought in a 13111 to re move those disabilities, but only in the single instance of sheriff ; and that Bill was founded upon the analogy tint existed beta eon the duties of sheriffs in counties and sheriffs in corporations, and that as the former were not required to make the declaration, so ought not the latter. He was exceedingly glad that a change had been made, and he hoped that in the next session of Parliament the Noble and Learned Lord on the Woolsa k would come down to the House with a Bill which would enable a person of the Jewish persuasion not only to sit in the Court of Aldermen of the City of London, but to a seat in the Legislature of the country. The Bishop of LONDON would offer no opposition to the Bill because he did not wish to promote discussion, but he begged it to be understood that the Bill was not to be taken as an instalment of future concessions. Lord COLCHESTER said the speech of the Noble and Learned Lord opposite (Lord Campbell) had almost persuaded him to oppose the measure, but it nevertheless was not his intention to do so. But in assenting to the Bill it must be understood that he did not for a moment think it right and proper that persons of the Jewish per suasion should ever hold a seat in Parliament. Lord REDESDALE said it had been stated that there was a similarity between this measure and a Bill introduced in '1841; but this was strictly not the case. There might be a similarity in the two preambles, but in any other respect there certainly was none. After a few words of explanation from Lord CAMP BELL, which did not reach the gallery, The LORI) CHANCELLOR said the Bill of 1841 related to muaicipal corporations, and no doubt this had induced his Noble and Learned Friend to assume that there was a similarity between the two. The Noble and Learned Lord had certainly opposed the measure is a circuitous mode, and it appeared to him, from what had fallen from a Noble Lord on the Ministerial side of the House that this circuitous opposition had nearly proved successful.—(Laughter.) The Bill was then lead a second time, and ordered to be committed rpArx LUNATICS IN IRELAND. Lord MONTEAGLE brought in a Bill for amending the law respecting pauper lunatics in Ireland. The Bill was read a first time, and ordered to be read again this day week. The Earl of CADOGAN moved for returns of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, showing in what parishes there had been a surplus of the funds applicable for the purposes of the Commissioners, and in what way. such surplus funds had been applied. The Bishop of LONDON said that he had no objee tion to produce the returns called for by the Noble Earl, but he trusted he would modify his motion so as to ob viate a great inconvenience, for part of the returns which the Noble Earl desired had been included in other returns already presented to ti.eir Lordships' House. If all the re:urns which had been moved for were presented the production of them would cause an immense trouble to the clerks, whereas, if the motion were modified, all this would . be avoided. He (the Bishop of London) had not the slightest objection to give every information, end produce all the correspondence in the possession of the Commissioners, and he would, therefore, suggest that the Noble Earl shoeld move for the first of the returns. The Earl of CADOGAN said that he acted simply on public grounds, and that he wished to know how the funds of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners had been ed m:nistered, and where there had been a surplus. It the Richt Rev. _Prelate would give the returns of those parishes s•, here a surplus had bekil found, and how that surplus had been adininietered, that was all he required. Lord LYNDIIUIt:_'7,T suggested that the Noble Earl should modify his motion. The Earl of CADOGAN said that he would modify' his motion, and would be prepared to say in what way he would pat it to morrow. CONSTABLES (SCOTLAND) BILL AMEND- MINT. On the motion or the Duke of BUCCLEUCII, this Bill was read a third time and passed.—Adjourned, HOUSE OF COMMONS, March 10. The SPEAKER took the Chair shortly before Four. On the motion of Mr. I 3 ROTHERTON, the Man chester and Salford Waterworks Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. On the motion of Mr. BUSFEILD, the Bradford Gas Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. Mr. F. FRENCH presented a petition in favour of the Irish Great Western Railway Bill, which was referred to the Committee on the standing orders. The Ulster Railway Extension Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Forth and Clyde Navigation Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Lynn and Ely Railway Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Scottish Central Railway Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Cambridge and Lincoln Railway Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Southampton Docks Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. Mr. V. STUART brought in the London and Westminster Cemetery Bill, vt hich was read a first, and ordered to be read asecond time to-morrow. The York and North M idland (Goole) Branch Railway Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed to-morrow. INCOME-TAX. Sir J. DUKE presented a petition from the borough of Boston, praying that all trades and professions might be exempt from the income-tax. AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS. Mr. H. HALFORD presented a petition from the Agricultural Association of the county of Leicester, complaining of the extreme agricultural distress, and praying the House to take steps to remove it. POST. OFFICE. Mr. S. CRAWFORD presented a petition from a gentleman in Montgomeryshire, named Robert Black stone, complaining of a practice existing amongst pro ♦incial post-masters of detaining newspapers, and praying the House to adopt some stringent measures for remedying the evil. MAYNOOTH. Mr. FOX MAULE presented a petition against any further grant to Maynooth. Mr. ARKWRIGHT presented a petition from a number of landholders, praying that if any parties were relieved from the income-tax, the claims of landholders generally might not be forgotten. Mr. BROTHERTON presented a number of petitions, praying the house to take steps to prevent the sale of intoxicating drinks on Sundays. AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS. Mr. G. BANKES presented a petition from the occupiers of land in Dorchester, praying the Houle to remove some of the burdens which pressed upon them. RAILWAYS. The following Railway Bills were severally read a second time, and ordered to be committed :—The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, the Oxford and Rugby Railway, the Newcastle and Berwick Railway, the West Cornwall Railway, the Eastern Counties (Cambridge and Huntingdon) Railway. Mr. EIVART presented a petition in favour of the Glasgow and Dumfries Railway. Mr. MAUNSELL presented four petitions from the county of Northampton, complaining of agricul tural distress, and praying for relief. Lord HARRY VANE presented a petition from the Anti-Slavery Society of Derby, against the im portation of hill-coolies into the 'West Indian colonies. Mr. GEO. BANKES presented a petition against the Southampton and Dorchester Railway, which was referred to the Committee on standing orders. IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBTS UNDER 201. Mr. F. BE RKELEfgave notice that he should, on a future day, move for leave to bring in a Bill to repeal the Act of last session, for abolishing imprison.. ment for debts under 201., with a view to adopt a better mode for recovering debts under that amount, and saving tradesmen from the loss to which they are liable from the imposition of fraudulent debts. THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. Dr. BOWRING gave notice that he should, to morrow, move for returns of the amount of the Par liamentary grants to the Falkland Islands, and the amount of the custom-house returns of those islands. INCOME-TAX. _ _ Lord EBRINGTON said that, seeing the income tax was sure to continue for three years, mould pro bably continue for five years, and might possibly continue for ever, begged to ask the Hon. Baronet, the Member for the University of Oxford, whether he intended to put his motion for levying the income tax on those incomes which were not less than 1511.? Sir R. INGLIS said that he certainly intended to bring on the motion of which he had given notice ; he wished 1w could say with the hope that it might be levied on all incomes betweenlso/. and 2001. only, on the difference between those sums, namely, on 501. HON G-K ONG. BOWRING w iihed to ask the Right Honour able Gentleman the Under Secretary for the Colonies, whether there would be any objection to lay before the House copies of the correspondence relating to the late registration ordinances at Hong-Kong ? Mr. HOPE was understood to say that he did not know of any difficulty in the way of bringing the papers before the House. BANGOR AND ST. ASAPII. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER pre sented a petition from the University of Cambridge for a repeal of the Act uniting the bishoprics of St. Asaph and Bangor. The RIGHT nost. GrIiTLIMAN also presented a petition from a body of clergymen on the subject of tithe commutation. Captain BERNAL presented a petition against the re-enactment of the income-tax. Mr. COWPER presented a p e titi on f rom a place in Northamptonshire in favour of the Field Gardens Bill. THE INCOME-TAX. Mr. GREENS brought up the report on the income tax resolutions. On the motion that it be read a second time, m Mr. CHARLES BULLER rose to move— That the circumstances under which the renewal of the income• tax is at present propo se d, are suc h as t o render it exceedingly impropable th a t P ar li amen t will have tie power of disp ens i ng with its conti nuance at the end of three sears; an d th a t it i s , therefore, the duty of this House to take care that the tax he imposed in a form in which its operation shall be less unequal and inquisitorial than it now is. He thought that no one would be disposed to believe that in bringing the general Circumstances under which the income• tax was to be renewed again before the House he was at all induced to undertake the task by the very great anxiety — whieh — trie House had evinced upon the subject.—(Hear.) He was anxious to give the House an opportunity, on the present occasion, of explaining to the country and to itself, if it could, the grounds, the principles, the circumstances, and the period, for which this tax was now to be renewed, because he took the question as to the period for which the tax was to be renewed as the cardinal point upon which the tax now hinged, and on this must depend the propriety of imposing the tax at a ll.—(H ear, h ear. ) It was owing to the shortness of the period for which the tax was to be imposed, that they assented to the tax without that - grave deliberation which so important a question required. But there was, both in the House and outside its doors,'a want of determination and doubt upon the subject which was very surprising. The Right lion. Baronet opposite was the only person who observed any great decision and firmness of purpose. He wanted to have the tax renewed without any discus sion, and he must say that be went forward to his object with an undeviating consistency, but as for the rest of them they seemed to be perfectly mastered by his energy. The general sup porters of the Right Hon. Baronet opposite seemed more adverse to the tax - than any others, and seemed less inclined to vote for it on account of the fiscal alterations proposed by the Right Honourable Baronet ; and then with that noble independence —that self-reliance and vigour of intellect— which marked all their conduct—(A laugh)--they stated that on no account would they consent to make the income-tax permanent; but then they all said they believed it would be permanent, were it not for the assurances of the Right lion. Baronet. He never saw so large a hope hung an ao little an assurance— (Laughter)—for the other night, when they pushed the Right Hon. Gentleman, all he said was, that he did not despair that at the end of three years it might be taken off; and as they believed they had a firm confidence in the Right Hon. Baronet, and had every reason to rely upon his professions—(Laughter) — they were prepared to come forward in the face of glaring facts to vote an income-tax, not one of them having the slightest hope that it would be got rid of in three ears. On hi s (M r . B u ll er ' s ) side of the ouse they were a shaer set of men. — (Laughter.) lion. Gentlem en opposite thought proper to laugh at the observation ; but he could assure them that the Hon. Members by whom he was supported would join in the assent to that assertion. He could also say, with great truth, that they were shrewder men, too— (Laughter)—and in their name, he would say to the Right , Honourable Baronet at the head of h er M a j es t y ' s Government, that there was not the slightest chance of having the income-tax removed at the end of the next three years.—(Hear, hear.) He had heard it said that this tax would no t b e su b m i t t e d t o by the country, or would not be insi s t e d on b y th e Minister for so long a period unless it sh ou ld b e greatly modified ; but it now appeared that it was t o b e c ontinued without any modification.—(Hear, hear.) What, then , was he to think of th ose w h o upon one occasion voted for the tax, and at another time voted against it ? Those Hon. Members to whom he alluded had al ways been in favour of this tax being imposed, in what they called a less and less oppressive form each year. ' Now, he (Mr. B.) had always expressed himself in favour of a system of indirect taxation ; and he would ask, would it not be worth the while of the Ministry to establish such a system ?—( Hear, hear.) He might, perhaps, be, told that the taxes amounted to "so and so," but he would ask, had they not the poor rates, and the borough-rates, and city-rates to meet, in addition to the assessed taxes ? Fourteen or fifteen millions, out of fifty millions, must necessarily be raised by indirect taxation. Therefore, the main reliance of the Government of this country must be an indirect taxation, and their first object ought to be to ameliorate that indirect system of taxation, and make it as perfect as pos sible.---(Hear, hear.) When be came to the conclusion that the main reliance of the Go vernment must be upon indirect taxation, he thought there was much wisdom in the old idea, that in ordinary times it ought to be the sole reliance of the Government. This fund, raised by direct taxation, ought to be kept for extraordinary emer gencies, and not to be drawn on except in the greatest of those exigencies, because, after all, a property and income-tax must be unjust and vexatious; they ought not, therefore, to impose it except ii those great emergencies, when the excited feelings of the country would induce every man to put up with any amount of inconvenience for the sake of aiding in the national struggle. It was wise, too, that the world should be made to understand that the country had such a fund to resort to in the period of such a struggle, for the knowledge that they had such a treasure to fall back on would add far more to prevent aggresion and unreasonable pretensions by foreign countries than anything they could do for the fortification of their coasts, or the increase of their force in any way whatever. He would not trouble the House with any further discussion on the com parative advantages of indirect over direct taxation, because he was aware there were other exigencies in which he should be willing to submit to an income-tax. For the sake of trying a great fiscal experiment, he should be willing to consent to an income-tax for three years, if measures could be devised that would assure them of getting rid of the tax at the end of that time. But if those measures tended to diminish taxation, no Minister was justified in trying the experiment, unless he had a considerable surplus at his command. If the Right lion. Baronet would come forward and ask them to submit to the income-tax for three years, for the sake of establishing a better system of taxation, he would cheerfully accede to it. The admirers of the budget, particularly on this side of the House—for this was the adulatory side of the House this session —(Great laughter)—praised it as a measure especially calculated to benefit the poor, and as an advance towards free trade. He be lieved it was calculated to do a great deal of good; but the Right Honourable Baronet had also thrown away a great opportunity of re forming our system of taxation, because he had an unprecedented surplus at his command. The Right Hon. Baronet had the largest surplus that ever a Minister of this country had to deal with. He did not complain of the Right Hon. Baronet's having misapplied or misused the surplus, but he had not made that practical use of it which the circumstances warranted. It was only when there was a large surplus that the great articles of taxation could be touched. with half a million, they could only touch the minor articles. It was only,as at present when they had three or four millions to spare that they could meddle with the great articles of revenue, and favourably affect the great mass of the people. He contended that Ministers with such a surplus were bouni to make the best • use of such ample means ; and he was culpable, if be only made such changes as were ineffective as regarded the great body of consumers — in fact, if he made only such changes as could be made at any time, he (Mr. Buller) again said that he had a surplus which enabled him to make a reorma tion, if not a great reformation, of the whole fiscal system, which enabled him to lighten the burdens of the people, without lessening the revenue, The Right Hon. Baronet had thrown away a golden opportunity. It seemed to him that the great scandal of taxation was the large amount of revenue raised by undue taxation on the articles of consumption of the great masses of the people—the taxation of articles which, if they were not necessary to the poor man, were at least the luxuries of the very poor man. In this legislation he thought they were guilty of the fault of great injustice, because of indiscrimi nate taxation. They taxed low-priced articles, which the poor man consumed, as high as high-priced arti cles, which the rich man consumed, and therefore they taxed the consumption of the poor man out of all proportion with the articles used by the rich. They diminished the scanty comforts of the poor, and taxed articles too high, for the purposes of revenue; thus checking consumption, and opening a door for all kinds of fraud. With regard to the tax on sugar, for instance, of which they had heard so much, and the reduction of which was put forward as the most popular thing in the budget, he must say a few words. With respect to that question, he meant thequestien which had never got an answer— (Laugh ter)—it appeared that the average price of British manufactured sugar in bond was 345. the cwt. The Right Hon. Baronet would reduce the duty to 145., so that the tax and original price would raise the article to 48s. It was elicited in the course of the discussion that the price of Brazilian sugar was 215., and that by our restrictive duties upon this article we more than doubled the amount of the cost of the poor man's sugar. Take the article of tea, for instance. The low-priced article cost 9d. the lb., whilst the poor man was obliged to pay four times that amount.—(Hear.) By these taxes they more than doubled the price of the poor man's coffee, and they nearly doubled to him the price of soap and malt. They raised the price of tobacco nearly sixteen times, and the same results ensued with respect to brandy and geneva. Surely it was to be desired that sugar, coffee, malt, and soap, should be more easily obtained by the poor man. The duty on spirits and tobacco, he admitted might be attended with some good, but it led to smuggling and fraud, and to many — of the crimes and much of the bloodshed, that took place in order to keep up the customs' duties. He believed that the picture drawn by his Hon. Friend the Member for Montrose with respect to the tobacco duties was one of the most dreadful pictures that could be drawn. He thought the great articles of taxation to which he had referred ought to be the great object of every financier to remove, partly to put an end to smuggling and fraud, and pertly to put in the poor man's reach those enjoy ments of which he was at present deprived.—(Hear, hear.) There was no person who had written on the subject who had not adverted to those articles as matters on which the duties ought to he removed. He would venture to say that if the duty was removed from tobacco and spirits, not only would better articles be obtained in this country, but half a million would be saved in the expenses of the coast guard ; but then it was said the articles he h a d referred to were great articles of revenue, and that, therefore, it was not safe for the public service tomake experiments in those large articles of taxation. He freely admitted, with regard to the tobacco and spirit duties, that in order to try the experiment fairly, they must take away three millions of duties, and that a Minister would not be justified in making such an experiment with large items of taxation, unless he had a very large surplus to fall back upon. But the Right Honourable Baronet had that surplus. He was the first Minister who ever had such a surplus to deal with, and therefore the first who ever had it in his power to give this boon to the poor man ; to deal effectively with smuggling, and to put taxation on a right foot ing. With not one of these great articles had he dealt, except sugar, with respect to which he had sacrificed revenue, with very little benefit to the con sumer, and simply for the. interest of the - West India planter.—(Laughter from the Opposition.) Now, if the Right Hon. Baronet had dealt with the articles to which he had referred, fairly and fully, his budget would, indeed, have been beneficial to the poor, it would have come home to the case of the poor man by greatly diminishing the cost of necessary articles of consumption. It would also have been in accordance with the soundest principles of economical science. If the Right Hon. Baronet had dealt in a proper manner with these several items of taxation, he might have rested satis fied that; through increased consumption and the prevention of fraud, the revenue would have so recovered from the effect of reduced taxation, that at the end of three years he would have been able to dispense with the income-tax, the country getting the full advantage of the change hich bad taken place.—(Hear, hear.) For such an object as that, he (Mr. C. Buller) would have been ready to submit to the income-tax for three years, and to run the risk—which he was persuaded would have been a very small one—of incurring the necessity of its further continuance.— (Hear, hear.) But the Right Honourable Baronet came forward and proposed a reduction of taxes, which, though they might have been properly re duced one by one at any convenient time, ought not to have been allowed to interfere with the wiser ap plication of the whole surplus en masse.--(Cries of " Hear, hear.") The proposed reduction of taxes did not hold out the slightest hope of the revenue being restored.—(Hear, hear.) It was true that the Right Hon. Baronet, with that goodness which distinguished him, turned round to his supporters and told them that he left them the most unG•ttered liberty of deal ing with the income-tax as they pleased at the end of three years, and the mode in which he prepared the way for doing this, was by sweeping away from his budget every farthing of the surplus which he possessed above the expenditure, even while the income-tax was continued.—(Hear, hear.) They were told that as a matter of course if they reduced taxes the revenue would recover and produce the same amount. But he did not find any one who was sanguine enough to go with the Govern ment in that statement. They must loak upon this, therefore, as the sole experiment which they had to try with the revenue, they must regard this as the sole gain which they were to have for the surplus. They were to get the remission which the Right Hon. Baronet proposed to make, and for that they were to have the income-tax fur ever. The question, therefore, which the House had to decide was—whether they would take the :ncome- tax for ever, and receive, in satisfaction, the reduction of taxes which the Right Honourable Baronet proposed to make. He must confess that he did not think that anything that had been offered cauld reconcile him to the con tinuance of the income-tax.—(Hear, hear.) It had been said that this was eminently a poor ir.an's budget. Now, he hai always observed that %\ hcn the Govern ment did not know what to say in support of any measure whiah they might have happened to propose, they invariably said that it was for the benefit of the poor man, and some Hon. Gentlemen on that side of the House had been allured by the cry that this budget was for the benefit of the poor man. Now he (Mr. C. Buller) could not see how they could have by any possibility reduced an equal amount of taxation on any articles which would have conferred so little benefit on the poor man.—(Hear, hear.) First there was the sugar tax. Now, they were all agreed on that (the Opposition) side of the House, that they could not have reduced any tax with such little advantage to the in terests of everybody except the West India proprietors. He believed that there was not anybody on that side of the House, always excepting the Hon. Member for Dumfries, who was so en amoured of the income-tax that he would rather see the proceeds thrown into the sea than not have it —with the exception of the Hon. Member for Dum fries, there was not one Gentleman on that side of the House who would consent to the continuance of the incorne-tax for the sake of the reduction in the sugar duty.—(Hear.) Was it the auction duty the reduction of which was to benefit the poor man ?—(Hear.) Was he to gain by the removal of the tax upon exports? —(Hear, hear.) Ile must confess that it seemed to him that the export duty was paid by foreigners. He did not think the poor man could gain much by its reduction. But then there were the 420 articles of the tariff. Now, he had looked at them all, and he could not conceive what the poor man was to gain from the reduction in them. The Right Hon. Baronet would not give the poor man corn.—(Cheers.) He would not give him butter—(Cheers)—but he would give him alum to adulterate his breed—(Cheers and laughter)—and lard to adulterate hi butter.—(Renewed cheers and laughter) Now he did not know, unless it was per haps upon such articles as Divi Divi and Albanalla, on what it was the poor man was to gain. It was true he had never before heard of these articles, and he had no very longing desire to hear an explanation as to their qualities.—(A laugh.) Then there was glass. Now he believed the poor man would benefit more by the reduction of the duty on glass than upon that of any other article ; not that he believed he would get it much cheaper, but he would have a better article for his money. Then there was sugar—then there was cotton. The Chancellor of the Exchequer had buist forth eloquently on the advantages which the poor man would derive from cheap fustians ; and the First Lord of the Treasury had dilated at length upon the advantages which the poor woman would derive from a cheap cotton gown. Now he (Mr. C. Buller) never treated of millions ; he left those to the First Lord of the Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer; but when they came to pence he could calculate. Now, let them imagine a poor man, dressed from top to toe in fustian that is to say, with a fustian coat, a fustian waistcoat, and fustian trousers— Now let them consider this subject scientFcally—let them come to weights and measures. He had ma4a.e numerous inquiries, and had taken great pains to as certain, and he had come to the conclusion that at the outside the weight of this dress would be four and a half pounds.—(Roars of laughter, occasioned by the admirable mode in which the Hon. and Learned Gentleman imitated the manner in which the Premier usually makes his statistical statements.) He had been told that he must make an allowance 'of an additional half pound for waste. That would give fise pounds as the quantity of raw cotton em ployed in the manufacture of the suit of fustian. the duty on raw cotton was five-sixteenths of a penny per pound; therefore the poor man would save, on the suit, twenty-five-sixteenths of a penny, or one penny and nine - sixteenths. He then took the case of a woman's gown.—(Laugh • ter.) Into that he had also made inquiry.—(Much laughter.) He made allowance for waste, and he found that the reduction in a woman's cotton gown would he about Id. Supposing a woman, there fore, to have two gowns a year, her husband would save 1 id. a year. The two, the husband and wife, would have to be grateful to the Chan cellor of the Exchequer for a saving of 3d. a year. His (Mr. Buller'e) own belief was that they would never get their 3d., for he be lieved that the poor consumer would never have a chance of getting jacket, waistcoat, and trowscrs, which cost altogether 13S. or 145., even though they reduced the cost of the articles by lid. I‘, hy, the poor man, although he might save 3d. a year, yet he would have to pay 3d. a month, in the shape of taxes, to the West India proprietors. There could be no doubt that reducing the duty on raw cotton would be useful to the poor man, as the means of increasing his em ployment. In the reduction of the duty on glass, the most important effect would be the sweeping awey of the restrictive system in the excise laws. Ile was, however, inclined to think that the Right Hon. Ba ronet would have done a' great deal of service to the labouring classes of the country by diminishing the taxes which raised the cost of the necessaries of life. And this could not be done without increasing their employments. He did not believe that they could serve the cotton trade more effectually by sweeping away the tax upon raw cotton, than they would by sweeping away of the taxes on tea, as that would enable the merchant to get a return from China. He could point to one or two other duties, as most material for such an experiment. He was sure that Hon. Gentlemen would not agree with him in saying that the wine duties and the spirit duties were proper subjects fur reduction ; but every body would agree with him that it would be well if by reducing those duties they could largely increase our trade with France, and es tablish commercial relations instead of those of rivalry and hostility.—(Cries of " Hear.") Ile thought that by reducing those duties they would do double good to the poor man, by diminishing the cost of living, and also increasing his employment by forwarding trade with foreign markets.—(Hear, hear.) The Right Hon. Baronet held out the expectation that the reduction of duties was so great, that they would make up the income- tax. Now that was the oddest delusion that so sensible a gentleman could well fall into.—(Laughter.) But the very same thing was said when the Right Hon. Baronet brought forward the budget of 1842. (Hear.) He (Mr. Buller) asked every person whom he met what he thought about the reduction. He said that the Right Hon. Baronet was the greatest Minister they ever had (of course those to whom he said this did not know who he was)—that he lowered everything, but he could never get a single person to agree with him. For what did any man gain by the reduction, except, perhaps, in Westphalia hams.—(Hear, hear, from a Member on the Ministe rial side of the House.) He was not surprised that the Hon. Gentleman expressed his suffering at the dimi nished price.—(A laugh.) He fully understood his ex clamation.—(Laughter.) Ile dared say the Honour able Member suffered much in that article.—(ln creased laughter.) But though that might not be well for those who lived in the country, it was good for those who lived in towns. He was about to go through the article of sugar. Ile would take an in stance of a man having 500/. a year. A person of that income would have to pay 13/. 14s. 4d. income-tax. That was positive, and there was no mistake about it; and if the seine person consumed 401. worth of sugar, taking it that he would save a penny a pound (though he did not believe he would), he would save twenty five shillings ; so there was twenty- five shillings as a set-off against 131. 14s. 4d.—(Hear, hear.) But then there were.other articles on which he might make up the tax. There was physic.—(A laugh.) He himself once thought he would make it up in physic.—(Much laughter.) He supposed it was the reduction on physic that made the Honourable Gentleman below him (Mr. Wakley) so pleased with the budget.—(Great laughter.) But even in this article he believed the druggists would save everything, and that the consumer would gain nothing.—(Laughter.) There was certainly a very good change with regard to furni ture, and if all the inhabitants of the country were composed of new married couples of a 1,0001. a year, they might make something in the articles of furniture and glass. (Great laughter.) But, after all, to think of giving up this tax put him very much in mind of an incident in the opera of II Nozzi di Figaro, or " The Marriage of Figaro," as it was called, in which the principal character said he was ready to consent, provided there was no law against politics, no enactment against certain prin ciples, and no prohibition to the full en joyment of the inclinations of the law.—(A laugh.) So it was with the Right Honourable Baronet at the head of her Majesty's Govern ment.—(Laughter.) lie said, " You shall have a reduction of taxes so and so, provided you do not ask me to take the duty off tobacco ; to take the duty off coffee ; to take the duty off sugar"—(Laughter)—in fact, the Right Honour able Baronet was quite willing to make any concession that was asked of him, provided that he was not called upon to do that which the people of this country were likely to be most benefited by.—(Hear, hear.) Oh ! but then flee Right Hon. Baronet took the duty off pigs: hri f tell —(A laugh) —and off lard—(A laugh)—and those other twopenny-halfpenny articles--e(A —but he forgot that, in doing so, he stil e i on the most important restrictions on other artle4o:' and he said very co o lly t o th os e opposed - t o that they could not have their lost and eat „ 1 1 (Laughter)—that they could not, in tact, °' er) , butter, deal in cheese, deal in corn, and deal in el_ e other description of foreign prsvisi o ns, without 7;1 ing a certain proportion towards the two slill i ee l e et extra taxes.—(Great laughter.) But the Pik Hon. Bele net conceived that by removing th e h i be upon glass, and the duty up o n cotton, he w°llfad doing much to abolishing this cause of Wa r ty ngaimt the taxes, and he had hoped it would W ee , garded as a boon by the people of this collr And IN hat did they gain by bowing so implicitlias the will of the Right Hon. Baronet ? W hat wit they gain by it ? Why, their great object .{be, further than ever from them, and, in t'act liars' were playing into the hands of the inon l e„ f eot While-they talked of free-trade as their first 8 - ad object, and while they dealt out their ` I t°, — f f ; e re! immediate" anathemas against all those who I " —.lB from them, they were actually playing 001 • the oi' the monopolists by voting for an income-tax lose bolstered up the differential duties. Let then the ir at this one qpestion —what was the chance of s he ever recovering this surplus? The Chancellor eels, Exchequer seemed to take this as a matter of eftu:oo Now he had had the ple asu r e o f sitting in that loith with that Right Hon. Gentleman for fift 2 e n , y ears slowly and with difficulty had the very ele'-very of these truths been forced on hie mind. bid budget he had seen him introduce he had hea r '',.„ o o urge the danger of lowering taxation for the P ll l O O. of increasing the revenue. But w hen the Righ t t ss Gentleman did go into a good principle he illaabtee) he went, with a plunge, h e ad ove r heels--(l' aug er eeo —he was now not only lowering taxes to 03..0 the revenue, but altogether abolishing the t 0 (Great laughter.) He did not deny I nee ple revenue might thus be increased, if t h. r- -0 0. were induced, by the abolition of these duties, eiel, sume more of the articles which still paid ta xation: so ; on the other band, there was a danger of dil a i iel eeiag the revenue, by the co nsum ptio n o f the peop le s withdrawn from the taxpaying articles, by th ens :o o tuting articles, that no longer paid duty, for them the the abolition of the duty on glass might in_t i o ,lo; people to purchase and empl o y g l ass in manyet' be esa stead of articles which would still pay duty. B at e ee° a still greater objection to dealin g with the re swiss this manner, because all their celealations were ba d favourable years —years in which the Customs et' cise had been recovering, from an increase in the to r t he perity of the country. When they alluded - e sea failures of the Whig Chancellor of the Exehei lle e !til°, had had their taunt and their sneer, let them 'l e y l?' of the matter like men of sense, and then would t v l b4 see, that whatever had been the faults of t he Chancellor of the Exchequer, the great t rie lto their deficiency ales the three or four bad . a rf ad° And what was it revived th e i r t ra d e ? The t r i . - r efer ( other measures of the Government ? Why ' l ' had not revived on the articles the tariff touch_ j bee the increased consumption of the people, by g7 i , bia vests, and by a revived American trade, the eetl a t i'per ol improved. Was the Right Hon. Gentleneati, for a different state of circumst a nces? Goa rofr he repeated, and an uninterrupted trade, had ;l e the the conilition of the people. But what INTO'', flip the corvequence if those disasters should occur w' t next three years which had often occurred befl west which, in the nature of things, must occur Wil l ,: 010 would the Right Hon. Gentleman say in 184 ‘"e' e d h ar o introducing his budget, if th e r e had been noun e t o be vests and a declining trade in the interim? ttel f bl recommend them to do away with the income would tell them what was much more likely-4he deficl/ Hon. Baronet would come forward in 1848 wit h soh the in spite of the incomestax—(Hear, hear)--a ncli s „ e th s , r , House to increase the income-tax or provide sc'"" it a" way for meeting the deficiency.—(Hear, bean) tee io'thate fraudulent and delusive to t e ll th e country yea' s "( come tax would be only continued for th rs gste longer. He would tell them fairly that och e ° 401! things could not occur. But Honourable uf" sigh seemed disposed to place great confidence in t "; e 0 e e „, ' Honourable Baronet, so much so, tha t del i ; sideration of the abolition of the alle ti° ,„ °- re tiaa; the diminution of the cotton duty, and the Is ,— i e etre the -sugar duties, they were willing to bear the 00 tax for three years longer. As honest and plalaeortsl men, they could have no doubt but the il ls tot would be permanent, and, therefore, they eag r esal e 7 o it in that shape in which it would be least el toy', He was nut now going to mention his object i f ° ,. te ern income-tax in detail. Ile had done so on a 1°"•005 hb casion, and lie now would say that his ohjee ee l :ooll4, s been verified by the operation of this tax. 'wilt:. they were fully justified in complaining.of th e - ad " l b of the income-tax. It had pressed with grestbore equal severity. It did not regard degree, ha, t , b the same weight on the man of immense well% eine trimony as the man of fluctuating a:id uncertel, sot Besides, it gave great opportunities for fraltu ife t`e, l4l ; hen, st man was obliged to pay for the frallt 1 11 1,0 0( 0, sion of the dishonest one. He admitted that i de a isl e t the collection of the income-tax was not attea op ertl o o so much severity as in the country; but in SO T d is England—the north, for instance—he daily " e whthn, complaints of the conduit of the Commissioners, „tie, was said, pressed with the great. st stringeel e , 141 0 ( sons of obnoxious politi cs an d rivals in vs .4 00, A amendment did not e x tend to any specific alterp6rope; the tax. Ile put forward a plain r/ 0 ma rl principle, isri it N andyi nth any did not wish to embe .s, confuse unnecessary deta ils ' the sage amendment that could be proposed IlPe a „i e d• f e t might fellow when his amendment was ea'"eetltj• confessed that he had before shaped that tuners semis the purpose of giving an opportunity for sto at el j ee r' ments being proposed.—(Hear, hear.) 1 11 ,ef a 01d object, because h e b e li eve d th e t ax requires - - t e,o ations, and that this rude and primitive atl y t wia' s el not be made decently in the nineteenth eee t e " o , 0 0° ,0 ee great care and amendment. The Right so 0- f t had said that if they once began am endinenlie would be proposed that they w ould not h e , 1/ What' i es through with them before the sth of A pri l. ef t would ask, was the sth of April comparedn oroot;;01 placing of a ta x of a mos t o pp ress ive natur e op, r ysr footing ?—(Hear, hear.) Then the Righ t ' a s it t hen said, let them pass the income-tax now, JO . c lt 41 1 h and if they did not like it at the end of three:b o r as ' O l let them amend it again. Now what he ey i3l lei that if at the end of three years 1 , / WilL e ) amend it, why not amend it now ?—(llearife r, 11 `; 7 0 6 the evil remain for three years longener k e be Opp If a person's shoe pinched him, he thostgooi would say he was a fool if lie diel not take Og e e. Tha t et A and not let it remain for threeyears more„e, wee what he wanted with the income-tax. 1 " e a the Gentleman said that if his (Mr. Boiler's' ahem ° D e 0 carried, he would be obliged to give up a P. ° 0040 reduction he had proposed in taxateett e_ t ! ll o 4 te st ed that, he had only to say that there was ha t of e Right Hon. Gentleman proposed to remit, „ ta se p ot so heavily on the people as the present incon;eoceeelooe Hon. Gentleman concluded by moving the a ire eroa t , e stit which he had given notice :—" That the e., st ert" re s under which the renewal of the income - t a V e glf_ e lll3 ,, P sitlf proposed, are such as to render it exee e din ge d bable that Parliament will have the power ; eye o ei with its continuance at the end of three ye, a site car/eiea it is therefore the duty of this House to the tax be imposed in a form in whic h D ow i e shall be less unequal and inquisitorial thanso lt d n Mr. EWART seconded the a mendmen t, id ehe tion having been put by the Speaker, „ t o 00 0 . 0 The CHNCELLOR of the EX.CHEt4 beg 's, oa Hon. Gentleman who had just concludVseossiofrose speech by remarking that lie had in the concluded w hic:d the income-tax observed a degree of ilt e g u ee ple ; t orc unbecoming in the representatives of the 4 3 ibie b 1 0 ,1 if determined to relieve the dullness of t ots, iv ids plained he had indulged in a series of rellt ottee tsitl eoe re a not sound in argument, were at /ea` 4 _ d been gc r iel l those who had hesrd them. If there ha ea . g o o. , 0 acquiescence in the proposals of his Rigny. i d e rsti t iort i t t he w r attributable m n e o m t h t e o rs a , rg h u o m t argument or gem e , o oe a r b or i ci c o l os i e e r t f ie; that, in the circumstances of the case. _Ol cle o bee o of the income-tax was a measure which o n ion Av e; the approbation of the House. The qu e o d t han fully debated on former occasions, 6 than 0" jority in its faeour was large; _ ..toe s . . lo gs which usually attended Governinent is e_' t ee fe a e eiei if the income-tax were calculated to ro ti t .) ,e eet, eet: lio r of those who took an interest in the s e vils it that the Hon. Gentleman had withheld h ear .) b be probation until so late a period ?—(lles r e t hrogE ee olti: had he waited until the Bill had V e n eeee rai ' se els' House ? He now came forward with gene House? lie now came forward Wit his et tbe,. e et ; tion, with a view of drawing within , eo ent l e " ; el, t e . neralwere wieak resolution enough ,y o u t l o d shueptp.ool followed w t ( 1 . 1 ( li that g d Ile ( I " pery leg respect to details.—(Hear, hear.) jislgEeeectlibe;l,,ee3l:; the P r° pre °s o l of the Exchequer) did not claim fo r r neeage of t ee what no tax ever possessed, the ad ni but he cc'sh ° sde Pr equally upon all classes of persons e .0 _ tat e sv that the Hon. Gentleman was bound t t to f oe be e 2 There was one admission in the Bon. Se said o _ t t heproposed hee xige n e i e to s reduce,and publicho w s he er m v iti e e tt ee n . to which he could not help adverting• red get ,l?o, who re fer P It le not go the length of those hear., t for • direct to indirect taxation.—eilebssrt'itate a : i re : c o d F e r o of proposed in this instance to su a for 11°- 0 0 4 oil' direct taxation, but it was propose i n * relit , • - i be Gentlemanat o ll s i e ti h b d ut i r e beat dir e fa c ,:i t rna t ll a iet x tde a we ld resi n th h e r be r j o r situation of the Government, he won ve _ f _ h m i g „nro , tax, for the sake of the advantages ri . ,_lu sto d Otj b . : r rived from it. That being the ca t s:, f ue ,b t to .i s °tad ing resolution that the income - : v g aetita,`„eolf e s i e s ctit i Fetb f ag o t r re i a n t cl e i s r t ec i ar t idace x ao i co o Boned, he should have preposedeoeernmeneiesetela articles for those upon which th ye: list of trit'ile a reduction. He had gone throuen prefe rence. ad ° tie s to which he should have given 2 • s nirits' 4 104' 0 tmheendtieotnieesd upontea, shoule have led thein to approerla ~_eeeesil ac millions. He stated distinnialtnllett:et'shloiottpes'#teririejieturie:oticioseLikil; the duties on tobacco and spirits t here c ottlio he lot plus ; setting those articles against sins g re . oHoeu.n objectionderstoo t d o tl t i h e e Hon. G reduction rease tne the articles. The Hon. Gentleman had_P iri tS _, * s Of AO peal of the duty on tobacco and 007: 1 j o tere°,odP: A that he obj ected to the rep 1 0 0e f fili t t h h e e d tl a tii-410 c1 0013 : tiirlrb as lale more in accordance with the sensor ratinio..l oto community and one from which the P . , _ greater benefit, The lion. Geutiew -....,