The Sun. — London, England, 1851-04-05 00:00:00

r.!•' , J.ttrti Utlition PORTUGAL• Aeeovnts have been received from Lisbon of the VOth nit. The manner in which the Government had yielded to the Pope in the affair of the Archbishop of Goa has caused groat disgust. The Cortes were to be prorogued on the 2d of April. SWITZERLAND. The Swiss journals announce that on Saturday last the French refugeee residing at Lausanne were sum moned to the Prefecture, and told that the Federal Government had given orders that they should be sentinto England, or, if they preferred it, that they In igAtso to America. tie Jcmrnal do Geneve states that amongst the seventeen French refugees recently ordered to be ex pelled were Felix Pyat, Boichot, Avril, Pflieyer, and Beyer. A letter from Friburg, of the 30th ult. states that military precautions continued to be taken by the authorities. In the market-place on that day several pieces of cannon were stationed, with artillerymen ready to act. In the previous night there was a cry " To armsr and the civic guard turned out; but it was a false alarm. DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES. The following is General Von der Horst's fare well address to the relics of the Holstein army :- 1 Having done all that, as a Commander-in-Chief, it will my duty to do, having redeemed my pledge to re main for the interest of order and discipline till the last minute, and in common Riih yon, my comrades, to drink the bitter cup to the dregs, I now abandon the service. Soldiers, as well as those who have been dismissed as those who remain, yott have submitted to what was ine vitable, with calm and manly resignation ; the hardest fate that can befall the brave soldier yon have borne as becomes you with quiet dignity, and displayed the best discipline under the most difficult circumstances till the last moment. You have thus proved to the world the excellent spirit by which the army was animated. Re clive for it, through me, the thanks of the country, but at the same time the heartfelt farewell of your Com mander. Preserve a friendly remembrance of me. I hope this especially from thoselat whose head I fought at Obetatolk during the bloody day at Idstedt. Much as y ou ma y suffer, bear your fate with undepressed courage, and do not cease to hope. The consciousness of having faithfu ll y dischar g ed y our duty will alleviate and brignten the present. May trust in God strengthen you in t he hope of a more fortunate future. Farewell all. " Your late Commander, • " Baron VON DER HORST. "'Kiel, 29th Match, 1851." MINING IN TELLIGEN CE. (From the Mining Journal of this day.) There have again this week been some fluctuations in the value of dividend shares, but they are generally of the upward character, and considerable eagerness has been exhibited to possess certain shares, in consequence of greet imprevements in the respectivelodes. We have also to notice that the accounts from both the eastern district (including Devon) and the western portions of Cornwall are gratifying, as showing the advantages et tending the continuous application of capital and mining skill, where the ground is of an unquestionably conge nial character for the production of ores, thus encourag ing to unlimited perseverance. It is useless, we fear, to remark on the new schemes continuing to be absorbed by the influence of the Stock Exchange, at ten times beyond their real value, including the heavy premiums obtained but a cure for such evils must come sooner or later, when expectant dividends will probably be an swered by demands for additional capital. In the Metal Market, a fall of 4/. per ton has taken place in English tin, and a consequent decline in foreign, with very little business.-Lead has a good consump tive demand.-Copper very brisk, end steady in price.- In tin plates, the quantity offering for sale being large, and principally in second hands, prices are easier; the demand, however, continues extensive. The returns of the sales of copper ore by public ticket ing in Cornwall for three months, ending 31st March, shows the amount to be 36,860 tons of ore, producing 2,897 toss of fine copper, and with an average price of 51. 4s. 4e.. on a produce of 7•859 par cent., realising the sum of 192,274/. 11s. 4d., being, a decrease both on the previous querler and on the corresponding one of 1850. The wales at Swansea also show a considerable decrease on the previous quarter; they amounted to 8,893 tons, and, at an average price of 121. 7a. ld. per ton, realised 109,9461. 12s. 61., being a decrease of 245 tons, and 4,158/. 153. in mon.3y. Among the arrivals at Swansea have been 2,070 tons of copper ore from Cuba; 120 tons of copper ore, 217 of regales, and 69 tons manufactured (cake) copper, frown Valparaiso. The Roughtengill Lead Mine (Cumberland) has de livered to the smelting-works 58 tons 4 cwts. of ore. Wheal Golden Consols sold, on the 26th March, 75 tons of silver-lead ores, at 131. ss. per ton, realising 9931. 15s. The Foxdale Mines (Isle of Man) sold 90 tons of lead ore, at 121. 13s. The Lisburne Mines sold at Aberystwitb, on the 31st March, 100 tons of lead ore, at 12/. Os. 6d. (1,2021. lOs.), and 80 tons, at 11/. Bs. (9121); total, 2,114/. 10s. Rhoswyddol Mine sold 6 tons of silver-lead ore, at 40/. Ss. per ton. Dyfnwm sold 16 tons of silver-lead ore, at 10/. 18s. 6d. per ton. Cairnsmoro sold 40 tons of silver-lead ore, at 111. 3s. 6d. per ton. A great improvement has taken place in Exmoor Wheal Eliza. From. the Alport Mines some indications of improve. ment are reported in two or three of the works of trial -a sink on the New Year's Gift Vein, the 8 fie. level on the Milking-place vein, and the 5 fm. level on Amos Cross vein. About CO tons of lead ore have been sampled. In Camborne Consols we learn there is an improve ment in the 10 fin. level east and 20 fm. level west, in Mr. Pendarves' ground. At the Callington Mines the rise in the back of the 70 fan level, on Kelly Bray's lode, will turn outs tons of copper ore per fin. Mr. Percival Johnson having had a large stone from the discovery in the 84 fm. level at Groat Polgooth, re ports:-" I consider the whole, rough as it is, would give about 15 to 20 per cent. of white tin, which is good enough, and a more congenial matrix for tin I have seldo,m seen. The tin in the stone also appears a very superior quality for mine tin. I congratulate those in terested." An adunce in the price of Alfred Consols within the last few days from 16} to 171 10s. and 181. buyers, at Hull and elsewhere, has caused sellers to be shy-price now asking is 19/., owing to the cheering prospects they already hays in the 80 fm. level. This advance has bad the effect of sending on West Alfred from 201. ' to 2301., the price now named by the seller. Higher figures are asked for Tremaynes. At Wheal Basset meeting, on Tuesday, the accounts showed-Copper ore sold, Jar.. and:Fcb.,s,s4B/. 13s. 10d.; tin pro, 8861, 2s. 4d. (less dues, 1-15th, 428/. 1 93 . 9d.)= .6,005/. 16s. 5d.-L a b ou r cost for January and February, 2,1911. 75.; merchants' bills, 754/. 126. 3d.; leaves a profit of 3,1491.178. 2d.; add balance in hand, at last aecount, 5841. 16 3 . 6d. = 3,734/. 13s. Bd.; deduct divi dend 101. pea share (2,5604), leaves the sum of 1,174/. 13s. ad. to next account. Resolutions were en tered into for working the south ground foridawith, and that tenders for a 36-in. cylinder engine be obtained im mediately. John Reed was appointed underground agent at 71.75. per month, and Captain James Juliff 's salary increased to 81. per month. At Wheal Golden Consols meeting, at Barnstaple on the 28th Starch, Mr. J. D. Young (the purser) produced the accounts, showing -B a l ance at last meeting (after deducting the dividend of 1,0001. paid in January), 2444 7s. 5d.; ores sold since, 1,2954 ls. Bs. 10d. Monthly cost, including dues, 995/. 18s. 3d.; leaving b a lance in favour of company, 1,243/. lOs. 7d. A second dividend of 1,000/., or ss. per share was declared. At East Crowndale Mine, after cutting through the cross-course and elvan in the 50 fin. level, they have discovered a good bunch of tin, 3 ft. wide, and no south wall seen as yea At the meeting, on Tuesday, the ens iled v accounts to end February were submitted, enowing--Ba 1 ace from last account, 9 62 1 . 14s. 11d. ; bills, ' mine cost and merchants'_ 70 .1. 6a. 9d. • sundres 74/, 6s. 5d.' 1,744/. Bs. d By call, 1,000!.; leav i ng balance agains t - the mine, 74 41 .85. ld. A call of 15s. per share was made. At Wheal Lang maid ene4ing, on the 26th March, the accounts sh owe d a balance in favour of the mine of 661. 9s. 11d.; due on calls, 194 45...85/. 13s. 11d. A call of 2s. per share was made. At a meeti ng o f wheal Oak (Wendron), on the 25th March, a call was made, to further pro secute the min. of ss. per share At. United Min es meeting, held 29th March, the ac counts showed-B a l ance from l as t account, 734/. 4s. 4d.; labeur cost for Jan., 2,3254 14s Ild.; ditto February, .3,8E31. 2s. 6d.6,9231. Is. 9d.-BY o r© money (after dues), 5,109/. 2s. 5d. ; ti n ore 3114 85 ' 5d. ; lead are, 25/. 17s. 76. lid. : leaves balance against mine, 1.4761. 13s. 10d.; the loss on the being 742/. 9s. 6d. tw o months At the Chyprase Consols monthly meet : nog , at, J 31 ., eaingham, on Wednesday, th e accounts were audited and paid. At the South Dolcoath meeting, on the 25th March, worts were read; they state the levels westward gene rally to be poor, and recommend the driving east, which they consider the most desirable part of the sett, it being more immediately south of Carn Breabill, in a parallel direction between South Frances and Care Brea Mines. The materials are estimated worth 1,050/. The liabilities were found to be 2,6234 lOs. 6d.; therefore, a eel of 1/. per share was made, payable forthwith. Those shareholders in arrear of the call made 28th April are to be applied to for im mediate payment, or the usual course will be taken for enforcing the same. Thu operations of the mine are limited to an expenditure of 801. per month, until the next meeting. At the Weiten Lead Mines two-monthly meeting, on Tuesday, the accounts were examined and passed, showing-Balance last account, 10/.; calls, 971. 1071. 10s.-Mine cost, &c., 102/. .73. 10d.; leaving balance in hand, 5/. 25. 2d. The liabilities to the end_ of April were estimated at 206 /. 7 s. 7d. ; to meet which there is the above balance, 51.23. 2d.; arrears of calls, 118 t; call of ss. made at the meeting, 1 751.; which would leave balance in favour of adventurers of 91/. 14s. 7d. for next account. Mr. Adam AV.urray, jun., wa3 appointed inspector of the mines. At: West Wheel soton meeting, oti Uoaday, the ec• counts for Jan. and Feb. showed-Mine cost for Jan., 3601. Is.; Feb., 2361.11 s. 6d; merchants' bills, 179/.10L2d. 7771. 2s. Bd.-By copper ore sold, Dec. 12 (less 1-15th dues), 546/. 6s. Id.; overcharged on whim drawing, l ls. 2d.: leaves balance against the mine, 2291. ss. 5d.; to which add balance last account, 2001. 16s. 10d. =430/. 23. 3d. A call of 2/. per share was made, which will amount to 4001., reducing the debt to 301. 2s. 3d. At Wheal Neptune meeting, on the 26th March, the accounts showed-Labour cost for five months ending February, 502/. 49.; merchants' bills, 416/. 25.; new 36-in. cylinder steam-engine, 7001. = 1,618/. 6s. 10d. -By balance in band end of Sept., 283/. 155. 7d.; calls made, 26th Oct., 512/.: leaves balance against mine, 822/. lie. 3d.-A call of 1/. per 1024th share was made. At Tavy Consols meeting at Stonehouse, on Tuesday last, the accounts showed-Balance from last account, 1251. 4s. 9d.; labour cost for January, 164/. 9s. 4d.; February, 1542 2q. 81; sundry bills, 34/. 13s.= - -- -4 7 81 . 93. 9d. By ores sold, December 87 1 . s s. id. ; Januar y , 1991. 4s. 5d.; February, 99/. 195.; leaving balance against the mine, 92/. Is. 3d. The liabilities amount to 4201., and estimated assets, in ore, BGc., sampled, 190/. A call of 10s. per share was made. At the Treloweth Mine meeting on Tuesday, the ac counts showed-Balance from last account, 962/. 14s. 11d.; call, 7th January, 1,000/.=1,962/. 14s._11d. A call of 15s. was made. At Wheal Trebarvah meeting the accounts showed, 1,323/. 16s. 9d. (less call 5121.); leaving balance to next adjourned meeting, on Monday, accAoutntth,eBlßlrlycl!As.r9iad. n the purser tendered his resignation, which was accepted, and Mr. J. A. Joseph appointed, with an allowance of 5/. s'. per month for office expenses and salary. All shares upon which calls remained unpaid were forfeited, and in future, instead of certificates of shares, letters of regis tration, containing the rules and regulations of the com pany, are to be issued. In foreign mines transactions have taken place in Cobre, Santiago, Copiape, United Mexican, Linares, and St. Jahn del Rey, with a slight advance in price. THE ARMY AND NAVY. (From the United Service Gazette of this day.) CHANGE OF QUARTERS.—The following Regiments are under orders to change quarters in the course of the present spring:-4th from Plymouth to Weedon; 21st from Glasgow to Newcastle; 23d from Plymouth to Preston; 33d from N wcastle to Edinburgh; 46th from 1 4 . Hull to Preston; 4 from Weedon to Portsmouth 77th from Newport to lymouth; 79th depot from Ber wick to Scotland; 82d from Portsmouth to Newport; 88th depot from Bury to Canterbury; 93d from Edin burgh to Glasgow; 85th from Preston to Hull. AUSTRIAN OFFICERS IN ENGLAND.—Certain officers of this army were presented at the last levee by the Austrian Minister, who had been ordered by their Go vernment to inquire into the interior economy of the British army, as regards barracks, rations, and other matters, with the view of ascertaining to what extent their own system is susceptible of improvement. The officers have received every assistance from the military authorities in this eoantry. MILITARY FINANCIAL REronets.—A committee, cam posed of military, naval, and commissariat officers, is sitting at the Treasury, for the revision of naval and military establishments abroad. They have already reported on Malta, and it seems much improvement is likely to result from their labours, ngt only in pecu niary saving, but in improving the condition of the soldier, fresh meat being proposed to be supplied more frequently than formerly, in discontinuing stores of salt meat, and prospective reduction of civilians now employed, including some of the commissariat officers and clerks. The death of Major Gen. Sir Dudley Hill leaves vacant one of the Divisional Commands of the Indian Army. These are among the best Staff offices in the rift of the Commander-in-Chief, the salary being about 4,0001. a year, and the tour lasting for four years. The duty is of a nature to require the services of active officers, of whom, thanks to the delayed brevet, there are not too many now available. VACANT BEGIIIENTS.—There are now at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief three Regiments—the 37th, vacant by the death of Sir Alexander Duff; the 50th, by the death of Sir Dudley Hill; and the 77th, by the death of Sir John Macleod. Captain Tulloch will leave England on the 12th inst., for Canada, for the purpose of becoming superintendent of the pensioners resident in North America. The Com mander-in-Chief has declined to promote him to a majority, but has no objection to local rank being con ferred upon him. tillE CO3I3IAND AT THE WINDWARD ISLANDS.—Ma jor-General Wood, C.B , proceeds by the packet of the 17th instant to Barbadoes, to assume the command of the troops iu the Windward and Leeward Islands. Captain G. Black, half-pay kLtired Staff Corps, is to be retained in his present appointment as military secretary; and it is rumoured that Captain Deshon, of the 48th, will pro ceed with him as aide-de-camp. STAFF.—Captain Deshon, 48th Regiment, and Cap _ _ tain Fox Made Ramsay, 56th Regiment, have been ap pointed Ai&s-de-C,lmp to Lieutenant General Wood, the Commander-in• Chief of the Windward and Leeward Islands. The Lieutenant General Commanding the Forces in Ireland has bee❑ pleased to approve of the County of Mayo, in the Dublin District, being added to the Lime rick District. THE CANTEEN AT TUE HORSE GUARDS.—We an nouncQd a short time since that the Canteen at the Horse Guards had been abolished, and the rooms appro priated for the use of the recruiting department. We now ad that the field officers of the Foot Guards, who had a vested interest in the letting of the building, are to receive a compensation of 31.21. for the ensuing year, for the loss sterained on account of rent. In recording the promotion of Dr. Babington to the rank of surgeon in the Royal Navy, we had hoped also to have had the pleasure of announcing the advance ment to the same rank of Dr. J. Brown, who at forty eight hours' notice left her Majesty's ship Victory, at Portsmouth, and embarked for Jamaica, where since his arrival he has been most indefatigable in his attention to cholera and other patients. Moreover, Dr. Brows has been acting surgeon of several of her Majesty's ships in the West Indies for a period exceeding live years. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY pared with that of wool is se very disproportionate, it leaves no alternative but the eourse resorted to. The prices at which the contracts have generally been made for April, though not lower than at the latter end of March, are of a most discourag ing character. Pieces—The feeling that things can get no worse has been for some time prevalent, and it is more than pro bable that it is well grounded, as rather more is done, but at very unremune rative prices. TICA.DE OF MANCHESTER, APRIL 3. —There was not much change in the market today. The rates of Tuesday have been pretty generally maintained, but in some cases prices have been a shade easier, consequent on a slight giving way, and less business in the Liverpool cotton market since the advices by the Pacific came to band. The India news would encourage business, but for the adverse state of the exchanges. There have been some considerable purchases for that market in fine yarns and in cloth (including 40. inch shirtings, and printing cloths in shirting length.) On the whole, however, the market is discouraging. A better business is expected to spring up for home consumption, but the mixed fabrics of Bradford and other parts of Yorkshire are a good deal inter fering with our fancy spring trade. CHAMBER of COMMERCE,EDINBURGII. (From the Scottish Press of April 2.) A meeting of the Chamber was held yesterday in their hall, Hunter-square, Mr. Ritchie, chairman of the association, in the chair. THE TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Mr. MACLAREN directed the attention of the Chamber to the present position of the old Electric Telegraph Company. Their patent expired about the present time, and they had applied for its renewal to the Judi cial Committee of the Privy Council, grounding their application on the statement that their business had been a very unproductive concern, and had paid them very ill. It appeared, however, from the evidence laid before the Judicial Committee, that the shares upon which 351. was paid were made to amount to 501., so that the divi dends were nominally moderate. The chairman of the company also acknowledged that 90,000/. had been put aside before striking the balance, and had been placed to the credit of the company after the balance was struck. In short, the chairman of the old Telegraph Company was made to confess that the company bad realized a profit of twenty per cent. The Judicial Committee, therefore, very pro perly retuned the application, on the ground that the company bad enjoyed so very profitable a monopoly for such a length of time. The old Tele graph Company then attempted to carry their point in another way, and applied to the London and North- Western Railway, of which some of their partners were directors, for the exclusive use of the lines of that com pany for telegraphic purposes. They had succeeded in getting their application referred to a committee, some of the members of which were members of the Electric Telegraph Company. Mr. Maclaren concluded by moving that the Chamber memorialize the London and North-Western Railway Company end such other com panies as may be deemed advisable, requesting them not to accede to any application from any electric telegraph company for the exclusive use of their lines. Mr. JAMES YOUNG seconded Mr. Maclaren's motion. He said it was important they should keep in mind that what the old Telegraph Company wanted was a monopoly of the use of certain lines of railway. If their monopoly was continued for another twenty years it would be a very serious injury to the country, considering the pro grees that might be made by science during that period. The old Telegraph Company pretended that they had been inadequately remunerated; but one of the means they had taken to prove this was the omission in striking their balance of the small item of 90,000/.—(Hear, hear.) There was no reason why they should not have com petition in the matter of telegraphic communication as in everything else. It was quite evident that there would be both sufficient work and sufficient remunera tion for two companies. After a few words from Mr. A. Black, Mr. Philip (of Leith), and the Chairman, Mr. ARCHIBALD THOMSON said he was afraid with Mr. Black, that if the matter was left entirely in the hands of the railway companies the use of their lines would bo sold to the highest bidder and a monopoly established. He would suggest that a memorial should be addressed to Government requesting their inter ference. Mr. MACLAREN said he was not sure that the railway companies would find the establishment of a monopoly the most profitable mode to themselves. If the number of the telegraph companies were increased he believed the profits of the railways would be greater. After some further conversation, Mr. Maclaren's motion was agreed to; and it was also resolved to me morialize Government on the subject. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. Cubits, Esq., President in the Chair.) The first paper read on Tuesday was "A Description of a Raft, or Float, used for Submarine Blasting, on the works of the Hartlepool West Harbour and Docks," by Mr. T. Caseboarne, M. Inst. C.E. This machine was contrived in consequence of the clay, or marl, forming the bed of the channel, into the harbour, being so hard, at a certain depth, that the ordinary dredging machine was found to have little, or no effect, owing ti its want of stability. The new machine con sisted of a platform, or raft, supported by four legs, on each of which was fastened a rack working into a pinion on the deck, so that the platform could be raised, or lowered at pleasure. The working level on the ebb tide was about 8 feet above the level of the ground, in which position it remained for about five hours, or five hours and a half, until the tide fl )wed again; during this time two sets of boring-irons were in use, working through wooden boxes, or tubes, which made holes in the clay 4 inches in diameter, and of the required depth, for receiving a cartridge containing three to four pounds ofpo svder, to which ono of Bickford's fusees was attached; the hole was then carefully tamped, and when the tide rose to the level of the platform, or raft, the fusees were lighted, and the raft was floated away to some distance. The cost of this apparatus, complete, was stated to have been about 100/. The next paper read was "A Description of the Lock wood Viaduct, on the Huddersfield and Sheffield Rail way," by Mr. John Hawkshaw, M. Inst. C.E. This viaduct was described as consisting of thirty-two semi-circular arches, each 30 feet span, one oblique arch of 40 feet span, and another oblique arch of 70 feet span, the latter having a versed sine of only 7 teet. The piers were 4 feet 6 inches thick at the springing, and had a batter of one-sixth of an inch to the foot. The total length was 1,428 feet, and the height from the foundations to the top of the parapet was 136 feet. With the exception of the stone ribs of the flat oblique arch, the string course and the coping, which were of ashlar, the whole structure, piers, arches and parapet, was built [of " snecked rubble masonry," composed of stones of all sizes, both as to length, thickness, and width of bed, laid in a thick bed of stiff mortar; but the beds and joints were roughly scabbled, so as to remove any projections, which might cause the stones to rock, or to act like a wedge on the course beneath, and the beds were laid as nearly horizontal, and the joints as nearly vertical, as the nature of the stone would permit. The largest stones were so placed as to form a perfect bond for those of smaller dimensions, a sufficient quantity of " throughs" being also used, and the whole work so built, that the workmanship of the inside and outside of the walls was of uniform quality, both as to labour and material. This description of masonry was only about one-half the price of ashlar, and though not, of course, capable of bearing the same incumbent weight as could be supported by solid ashlar, it was considered superior, when carefully executed, to a thin facing of ashlar, with a hearting of rubble, a mode of construc tion very frequently adopted, The total cost of this viaduct, including the excava tion for the foundations, the scaffolding, the centering, and every other expense connected with its erection, was 33,0001., being at the rate of 18s. 7d. per cubic yard of masonry. The Hall Bottom Viaduct on the West Riding Union Railway was another instance of a similar kind of con struction, the only difference being, that the piers had a greater taper, and to reduce the increased quantity of masonry which this plan involved, flues, or hollow spaces, were left in the piers, the sides of which followed the line of the face of the pier, so that a uniform thick ness of masonry was preserved throughout. Two other viaducts, likewise designed by the author, but built of a different description of masonry, were also alluded to. The first, the Peniston Viaduct, on the Huddersfield and Sheflield Railway, was constructed of what was termed " block in course" work, which was a kind of rough-faced ashlar, the stones averaging about 12 inches in thickness, and from 15 inches to 18 inches on the bed, backed with a heartine• of rabble masonry. The average cost of this kind of masonry, which re quired great care in the execution, was about 218. per cubic yard. The other viaduct was over the river Medlock, near Manchester, and differed from either of the others, in asmuch as the piers were composed entirely of ashlar, laid header and stretcher alternately, without any rubble filling, or hearting. The spaces between the external walls were left vacant; but, as each header extended completely across the breadth of the pier, and the courses of masonry were alternated, the spaces were not con tinuous, as in the Hall Bottom Viaduct. The cubic contents of masonry in this work was proportionately much less than in either of the others, but the cost was far greater, being at the rate of two pounds five shillings and sixpence per cubic yard. At the monthly ballot the following candidates were balloted for, and duly elected :—Mr. Eaton Hodgkinson, as honorary member; Messrs. R. Brodie and H. Hubbe, as members; and Messrs. T. B. Etty, J. Hill, J. Sher riffs, G. W. Stevenson, C. Waring, and Lieutenant W. D. A. R. Short, 8.E., as associates. The following papers were announced to be read at the meeting of Tuesday, April Bth:—" Desc r ipti on o f Two Bridges over the river Don, and Canal, &c., at Spotborough," by Mr. H. Carr Assoc. Inst. C.E.; " O n a Method of Computing the Quantityi of Flood Water passing over a Weir," by Mr. J. Leslie, M. Inst. C.E. ; and " On the Nominal Horse-Power of Steam-Engines," by Commander Heath. R.N. (FromiliA MARK ET London N INTEL LIGENCE. ew T Price Current , April 4 .) Cocoa.—Although Fo r eig n is offered at a further reduc tion there are few buye rs . At auc tion 1,383 bags Guayaquil refilled from bulk in ship's hold were taken in at 25s to 27s for dark grey. There is a more plentiful supply of Trinidad. At auction of 512 bags a small part only was disposed of; good red at 51s to 545, grey 48s and damaged 365 6d to 468 per cwt. The value of Grenada is 42s to 46s for sound quality. TEA.—To-day there was a good deal doing in the lower sorts of black and green Tea at full rates. COCHINEAL.—This afternoon a public sale of 60 bags Hon duras Cochineal went off flatly at as 3d to 3s 7d for low to good Silvers; these are easier rates. TALLOW.—This afternoon the public sales of Tallow pro ceeded quietly; 270 pkgs South American at 35s 6d to 38s 9d ; 400 cks Sydney, Sheep 36s 6d to 38s 6d ; Ox 36s to 37s 3d; 195 cks old P. Y. Candle taken in at 36s 6d to 383 6d; 38 cks Belgian sold 36s to 38s per cwt. Ou.s.—This afternoon at public sale 180 pkgs Gingelly Seed Oil were taken in at 311 103; 28 pkgs Castor Oil sold at 251 15s; 45 tuns Cochin Cocoa Nut taken in at 311 to 311 3s; 53 tuns Sperm Oil in part sold at 871 fox fi tl e ; an d Head. matter 921; 1Q tuna Cods sold at 371 158. RAILWAY RETURNS TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE PAST WEEK. Miles opened, NAME OF RAILWAY. Receipts. , 1851. 1850. 1851. BRITISH. .----- - 72 Aberdeen - ..... -•••••• • • • • .. ..... 49 3 7 £1,221 37% Belfast and Bati:-mena ••••-•• • • • • • • 500 593 17 Belfast and County Down• ••.••• • • • • • - 146 33 Birkenhead, Lancashire, and Cheshire 1,018 1,450 27 Bolton, Blackburn, and West York .• • • 410 641 85% Bristol and Exeter ....• • . . ••• •... . • • 3,855 3,621 * 160 Caledonian.. ...•••••••. • • • • • • • .. 5,902 6,799 943 i Chester and .... • • .... • ... 1,619 • • 1,619 2,141 32 Dublin and Belfast Junction .• .. •• • • 305 560 53 Dublin and Drogheda.. •••••- • • • • • • 900 811 6 Dublin and Kingstown .............. 797 923 16% Dundee and Arbroath .• -.•.-• • . • • • . - 328 31 Dundee, Perth, and Aberdeen Junction 528 605 19 Dundalk and Enniskillen. •..••• • • • • • 130 147 67% East Anglian.... •••.•••••• • • • • • • • • • • 632 641 79 East Lancashire .. .. 322 Eastern Counties and Not folk •. ••.. _ :14,812 12,397 95 Eastern Union ••• • • . 116 34 Edinburgh and Glasgow ••••• • . . . ... 2,931 3,303 71 Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee...... 2,125 1,785 18 Furness Railway •••••..- . . • • .. - - 342 171% Glasgow, and South-Western.- • ... - 3,266 3,508 2234 Glasgow, Paisle• , , and Greenock .•. . 9 80 966 236 Great Northern - and E. L.•......... 2,934 7,248 188 Great Southern and Western (Ireland) 3,754 4,347 262% Great Western . 90 Lancaster and Carlisle • • • • • 250 Lancashire and Yorkshire 12,172 t 4,770 39 Leeds and Thirsk .... • ......... ' 757 867 12}0 Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport.., 121 269 5184 Loudon and North Western .... 39,690 41,466 531 London and Blaciwall •••••• 711 818 17334 London, Brighton, and South • Coast.. 8,262 7.537 239 London and South Western. ........ 10,147 8,934 15 Londonderry and Enniskillen ........ 116 173 113, Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock, &c. 100 108 167% Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire 4,832 6,004 934 Manchester and South Junction-- - 442 352 28 3laryport and Carlisle ••-•••• • • • • • • 617 580 496 4 Midland ••• .. - .... .. 50 Midland Great Western (Irish) .• •• .. 1,009 1,027 60 Newcastle and Carlisle.. - .... - .... 3,122 3,039 1,930 2,133 212426 NorthNor4h SBtraiffllosrilds•hir-e • • • .. :. :. • :: : • • • ..... 4,324 4,766 47 North-Western •••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • _ 500 45 Scottish Central ••••• • • • • • •........,,, 1,203 1,559 32 Scottish Midland ••••••••• • • • • • .. • • 376 507 47 Shrewsbury and Chester .••••• • • •• •• 1,424 1 • 657 30 Shropshire Union .. •••••••• • - • • • • • • 423 509 58 South Devon •• . ..... • .......... -•• 1,609 1,869 261 South Ea4l• •••••• • • • • • .........• 9,605 8,932 75 South W ••••••••••• • - • • • • • • • • - 921 69 South York., Doncaster, and Goole .. 1,218 1,147 40 Taff Vale ............... ... 793 , 890 25 Waterford and Limerick •••••• • • • • • • - 322 13 West Cornwall ...... •- •.•••••••• • • • • • 260 263 12 W bitehaven Junction .• ••••••• • • • • • • 191 189 293 York and Newcastle, and Berwick •• • 11,550 13,270 256 York and North Midland .•• • • ...... 6,945 6,71 5 FOICEION. 7634 Amiens and 80u10gne........ ..... .. 1,277 1,105 44 Dieppe • • . 63 Montereau and Troyes .• 3 36 No - ahem of France ••.. • • .......... 16,102 15,856 143 Orleans to Bourges (Cent.) .......... 3,150 2,670 72 Orleans to Bordeaux .. •••• • • • • ..... . 2,715 3,059 8 2 Paris and Orleans .• •• • • ..... ••.• • • • 7,435 7,312 85 Paris and Rouen .••••••••• • • • • • • • •• 5,475 5,561 5934 Rouen and Havre .. •••••••• • • • • • • • • 2,238 2,317 'THE CLOTHING MANUFACTURES. WOOL TRADE.—Lownox APRIL 3.—The market,. has been very quiet, and the supply is on the increase. The im ports of wool into London during the week ending to-day have been 1,479 bales, of which 1,094 were from Van Diemen's Land, 114 from Sydney, 110 from Italy, 114 from Bombay, and two from the Cape of Good Hope. FOREIGN WOOL, LEEDS, Aram 4.—The demand for foreign and colonial wool during the past week has been much the same as last reported. Prices also may be quoted without a lt e ration. ENGLISH WOOL, APRIL 4.—There has been rather more inquiry for wools during the present week, and prices may be quoted as stationary. The sales have been limited to the im mediate requirements G A F t r h ß e u 3. —T manufacturers. here i s very little de man d LIVERPOOL for Woo l, and p rices are heavy. Imports the p ast w eek WOOL, consist of 4 West India, 1 Lisbon, 134 Oporto, and 3,903 I r of Abram Gartside and The bales Peruvian Peruvian and Alpaca. The following is from the bet noticed in our last monthly circular I mar ness in the woe and in the absence of demand prices are a shade monthly cirea.a still continues, is not to any great extent. The imports, the depreciation is not confined to our English easier, though in conse9unence of insignificant stocks and light disinclination to P until recently, ex purchasers, the latter baying been, fair consumption going on, manufacturers, but - iusrsehhaarseed by th L e_ e C n rtinental and American tensive operators. As there is a we hope for more inquiry shortly. TRADE OF L EEDS.— Th e m arket was much briske r, and been done in both livelier ou T uesday ; a better b us i n ess bas the cloth halls. BRADFORD 11ARK ET , A PRIL 3.-- Wools There Is a greater degree of anxiety to sell wool prior to show to-day, but so de pressed are the spi r i ts of the spinners owing to their ruinous avocation, that they are i ndisposed to .11y r and th e l: sales effected are very trifling. Neils and broker are without change. Yarns —The complainings of the spinners are best exemplified by the fact of their continuing to curtail the production by their fur ther stoppage of spinning frames; as the' price of yarns CO M., EVENING, APRIL 5, 1851 be sure, have made some minor reductions of duties. I might have reduced the duty on soap, instead of the duty on windows. I might have reduced the duty on paper, instead of the duties on coffee and timber; but that would only have satisfied some, while it dissatisfied others.— (Hear, hear.) Unless I was prepared to remit en amount of taxation far beyond what the circumstances justified, I do not see how I could have met a tithe of the de mands made upon me for a reduction of taxes. Under these circumstances it seemed to ire the best po licy to consider and propose that which I thought right, and to abide by it.—(Hear, hear.) Before ,I enter upon any details which I may have to make I must be allowed to make a few observations on the opinions and state of feeling which unfortunately pre vail on this question. It matters little whether the Budget of this year be popular or not. We are bound to look far beyond the present year or existing circumstances. We are bound to resist the first steps in a wrong direc tion. We are bowed to resist the beginning of a policy which, if persevered in, would, I believe, be fatal to the credit and character of the country.—(Hear.) The all pervading objection to the proposals I made was, that I had thought it necessary to retain some surplus above the expenditure. I should have thought, Sir, that recent experience—the experience of no great number of years, would have abundantly demonstrated the impoliey of pursuing a different course. It is just ten years since the Government of Lord Melbourne was displaced; and I know nothing that was so strongly urged agatest it as the annually recurring deficit in the reveuue.—(Hear.) What was the result of the course then pursued? A loan of 5,000,0001.—an increase of the debt to that extent in a time of profound peace, and ultimately the imposi tion of the income-tax. For the three or four following years a different state of things prevaileCt, and in 1846 a large reduction of taxation took place, and was fol lowed by a considerable degree of prosperity and by an increase of the public revenue. In August. 1846, with the acquiescence of the late Sir Robert Peel, I stated that if the revenue was not increased, and if the expenditure remained the same, there would be in 1847-8 a deficiency in the revenue. No doubt extra ordinary circumstances occurred at that time calculated to defeat all previoui calculations. The revenue of 1847-8 was 2,000.0001. less than tho revenue of 1846-7. I um spe Attn„o• of the financial year. Extraordinary occurrences called for a large increase of expenditure, but making allowance for that increase, there was never theless a deficiency in the ordinary_ revenue, and under these circumstances, and with a deficiency of 3,000,0001., I proposed in 1848 what I thought to be the honest course. I was again driven to borrow for the ordin,,ry expenditure to the extent of 2,000,0001. The extraor dinary circumstances which happened were such which no foresight could have guarded against, and which must, I fear, from time to time happen in an empire so extensive and distinguished as ours.—(Hear, hear.) With colonies in every quarter of the globe, and coming in contaot with nations of every description, we must be prepared for unforeseen occurrences. Shortly after I made my proposals we were unexpectedly start!ei with another such a circumstance—a new Kafir war.—(Hear, hear.) What amount of expenditure that war may en tail upon us no one can pretend to say.—(Hear, hear.) We sre bound to extend protection to the emigrants we have sent to the colony; and no doubt, under the circumstances, a considerable charge must be imposed on the revenue of the country.—(Hear, hear.) Within the last few days a demand has been made upon me which I hope will not turn out so serious as it appears to be. The East India Company hare called upon me to pay to them an unliquidated balance of 400,0001. on account of the Chinese war.—(Expressions of surprise.) I hope that a careful examination of the accounts will show that the balance is not so large as that, but never• theless the demand has been made, and, as it may be proved to be a just demand, will of course have to be paid. Here, again, is a demand which we could not foresee, but which it would be most unwise if we did ❑ot provide some means of meeting. If we are never to pay when we have the means—if we are to borrow in bad times—and if we are to give the tax-payer the ful benefit of every surplus, how is public credit to with stand such a system? We have in past times accom. plished great things by means of public credit. The scheme of a sinking fund, adopted by Mr. Pitt, is nowbelieved to be fallacious; but, nevertheless, it contri buted to the maintenance of public credit in times of danger and revolution.—(Hear, hear.) In our days the only available sinking fund is held to be the annual surplus of income over expenditure —(Hear,) Ido not propose to depart from the amended system. lam not prepared to hear the existence of a surplus scouted as unnecessary, and the necessity of maintaining public credit unimpaired ridiculed as something absurd.-- (Hear.) The Hon. Member for Montrose scouted the notion of keepin g a surp l us , an d o bj ec t e d t o an y marg i n ofincome over expenditure being devoted to the pay ment of some portion of the debt. The Hon. ,Member is the last person I should have expected to make such an observation. Ido not impute to him any intention of injuring the national faith, for no man seeks more to up hold it; and hence it was I was surprised at his remark. When I borrowed 8.000,0001. in perpetual annuities the Hon. Member for Montrose objsco d on other grounds— namely, that the annuities should have been terminable; and the other night, when the Hon. Member condemned a surplus, he expressed a wish that the whole debt should consist of terminable annuities.—(Hear.) Now, I ask, what is the difference, so far as existing tax-payers are concerned, between terminable annuities and permanent annuities, with a sinking fund for their reduction?— (Hear, hear.) Both proceed on the principle of a greater present charge for the sake of a quicker reduction. We have always congratulated ourselves on the pro spective relict which would occur in 1854 in 1860, and in some subsequent year, from the extinction of that portion of the debt provided for by those who have gone before for the relief of those who were to come alter them.—(Hear.) And are we to refuse to those who come after us the benefits we enjoy from those who preceded us? The way to diminish the permanent debt is by application of the surplus; and it should never be said when we had the power that we wanted the virtue to do that which was just and right.—(Hear, hear.) I have heard within the last six months dangerous doctrines. which I never expected to hear on the subject of the public debt.—(Elear, hear.) I have not, I confess, heard them from any Member of this House, but I have seen them in the organs of public opinion and in the reports of public meetings. Holding different opinions, I must protest against these doctrines, lest they should begin to gain hold of the opinion of the people. It is a prevalent delusion that the non-payment of the dividends would only affr et the rich. I remember the late Lord Ashburton called attention to the subject, and I see by a return on the subject that five-sixths of the persons en titled to dividends received them for amounts not ex ceeding 50L, and that a third received them for amounts not exceeding 51. That is some index to the class of persons whose sole dependence, perhaps, is on public faith being inviolably maintained. It is not the rich who make such investments, bat widows, orphans, re tired officers, and even artisans. I ask the House to consider what would be the effect on a large class like this of any failure, or of any apprehension of failure, in the payment of the dividends?—(Hear, hear.) Do not believe that the rich would be the sufferers. The evil would affect that far more extensive class whose existence ought to be the principal object of our solicitude and care.—(Cries of " Hear,'hear.") I should like to know if the circumstances of the country justify complaint as to the pressure of taxation? I be lieve directly the reverse. I agree with those who be lieve that the result of recent legislation has been the improvement of the well-being of the people and of the means-of this country, and that the people are richer and more able to pay than formerly the burdens which still exist. No doubt an Hon. lore:saber whom I see op posite—the Hon. Member for Warwickshire—has ar gued, in a pamphlet, that the apparent prosperity of the country is maintained by a gradual abstraction of the cep'aal of manufacturers and merchants, to,the universal distress of the labouring population, who are suffer ing from want of employment and short wages. I can understand such arguments from Honourable Members holding these opinions; but when they proceed from those who agree with us that the country has derived benefit from our legislation, if their assertions be true, it is an utter condemnation of the policy whica has been pursued. We were told, some eight or ten years ago, that what pressed on industry and prevented the accu mulation of capital in the country was, not the amount of taxation paid to the Exchrqucr, but the in direct effect produced by the existence of monopoly and protection. The principal monopolies and protec tive duties have been removed, and the community at large have derived a corresponding benefit.—(Hear, hoar.) The Honourable Member for Montrose told us the other night that the effect bad been to put into the pockets of the community at large a sum of 100,000,0001. per annum on the price of their food alone, I remember the Noble Lord the Member for Stamford tell ing us that 6,000,0001. had been taken from the pockets of the agriculturists and transferred to those of other classes. I do not pretend to say what is the precise amount of the benefit derived by the abolition of mono. poly, but whatever it may be, at least the community is richer than before, and better able to pay the taxation that remains. Even if they were to pay to the Ex chequer 60,000,0001. or 100,000.0001, they would not be worse off than they were before the abolition of the corn laws, if the calculation of the Hun. Member for Mon trose is to be relied on. If they have benefited to that extent, and if they have also benefited to the extent of 10,000,0001. of taxation, since reduced, it follows, not as a matter of opinion, but of demonstration, that the pressure of taxation must be infinitely less on tb6- community now than it was ten years ago.—(Hear, hear.) I say again I am not afraid of hearing such doctrines as those I referred to argued in this House. Honourable Members know better then to entertain or encourage opinions which can only spread delusior if allowed to go uncontradicted to the public, and which, if acted on, can only lead to consequences fatal to the national credit and national faith.—(Hear.) I hope the House will pardon me these remarks.—( Hear.) I speak warmly because I feel warmly the danger of such a course.—(Hear,) When I was told that I ought to repeal or reduce taxation, even though it might produce difficulties and embarrassment, and when I heard the lion. Member for Southwark attack the maintenance of the national credit, I thought it was time for those who hold different opinions to stand boldly forward and de clare them.—(Hear, hear.) I know it may be unpopular to do so, but I must say that holding, however unwor thily, a responsible office connected with the financial affairs of the country, I feel it to be my duty to make this early protest, a nd to call on those who agree with me here and elsewhere to aid in counteracting opinions so dishonest and destructive.—(Cheers.) Since I last addressed the House on this subject I have had an oppor tunity of reconsidering the statement I made, and I have found no reason for changing my estimate of the probable income and probable expenditure of the ensuing year. If I were to make a change according to the opinions of some, I might propose au alteratton to some small extent in the items of receipt,. and add to some small extent to the receipts of customs; or if the anti cipations of the Hon. Gentleman the Member fig Here. THE LONDON GAZETTE, April 4. LORD CHAMBERLAIN'S OFFICE, APRIL 4, 1851. Notice is hereby given, that her Majesty will hold Drawing- Rooms, at St. James's-Palace, on the following days, at two o'clock :—Tuesday, 6th May next ; Thursday, 15th May next; and on Saturday, 31st May next, to celebrate her Majesty's Birthday. N.B. The Knights of the several Orders are to appear in their Collars, at the Drawing-Room, on the 31st of May next. BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED. Richard Jame* Johnson, painter, Woolwich. BANKRUPTS. George Henry Bradberry and George Rice Lowe, mer chants, Great Tower-street, City, to surrender April 16, at half-past one, and May 16, at one, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee; Strutt and Cunning ham, Buckingham-street, Strand. Leonard Wild Lloyd, builder, Goldhawk-terrace, New road, Shepherd's-bush, April 16, at one, and May 16, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official as signee; Abrahams, Lincoln's Inn-fields. John Gentry, smith, Bocking, Essex, April 16, at two, and May 13, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee; Stevens and Satchel], Queen street, Cheap side. John Benson Browne, wine merchant, Newcastle-under- Lyme, Staffordshire, April 17, and May 8, at twelve, at the Birmingham District Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Birmingham; Kough, Shrewsbury; Motteram, Knight, and Emmet, Birmingham. Robert Moate, innkeeper, West Stockwith, Nottingham, April 19 and May 10, at ten, at the Leeds District Court. Freeman, official assignee, Sheffield; Marratt. )oncaster. Howell Reynolds, innkeeper, Aberaman, Glamorganshire, April 23 and May 16, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Amman, offiaal assignee, Bristol; James, Merthyr; Short and Strickland, Bristol. William Andrews, commission merchant, Liverpool, April 14 and May 12, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Morgan, official assignee, Liverpool ; Williams, Liverpool. Charles Roope, wine merchant, Liverpool, April 11 and May 15, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Turner, official assignee, Liverpool; Fletcher and Hull, Liverpool. Robert Andrews Taylor, Epsom salts and colour manufac turer, Dun.ton, Durham, April 11, at twelve, and May 9, at one, at the New castle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, efficial assignee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Forster, Newcastle upol-Tyne ; Bolding and Pope, Fenchurch-street. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF COMMONS, April 4. KILRUSH UNION. Mr. SCULLY rose to ask the following questions re specting the condition of the Kilrush union:—Whether the workhouse in that union had accommodation for 4,654 inmates, or thereabouts, from the Bth of March last ? Whether there were not upwards of 5,000 within the house at that date? Whether the deaths within the house for the 21 days ending the 22d March did not exceed 200? Whether paupers to the number of be tween 100 and 20D were not in the habit of seeking for relief within the house upon the admission days? Whe ther many of such were not in a most destitute and nearly starving state, and after having walked some twelve Irish miles were refused admittance? Whether any steps were taken to afford them, so refused, any assist ance whatever? Whether the Poor-law Commissioners are award of this state of things; and if so, what mea sures have they taken, or intend to take, in order to cor rect them? Sir W. SOMERVILLE said that he could give no answer to the question of the Hon. Member, for the re turns of the last five months had not been made up ; but as soon as he could get them they should be laid on the table of the House. The guardians had done everything in their power to increase the accommodation, bat they had found it very difficult to do so. The sanitary condition of the work house was exceedingly bad, but the Poor-law Commis sioners had directed their attention to the subject with the view of inducing the guardians to find a remedy. Mr. REYNOLDS rose amidst loud cries of" Oh, oh," and "Time." When the noise had subsided, he went on to say, that when the Hon. Baronet (Sir B. Hall) was speaking on a comparatively insignificant subject a few minutes ago, the House heard him in perfect silence.—(" Oh !") In consequence of the noise in the House, scarcely any of the statements of the Right Hon. Gentlemen (Sir W. Somerville) were heard on that aide of the House. It was not his intention to address the House at any considerable length—(Re peated cries of " Oh, oh")—but he respectfully claimed the right to speak on a question which iuvelved the life and death of his fellow-countrymen and country women. In Kilrush Union eighty persons were allowed to die per week for want of food, and they were indebted to the really benevolent and chariteblo clergyman of the Established Church, the Rev. Mr. Osborne, for bringing to light the cruet carnage which was permitted to go on day by day in that workhouse. What was the fact? That a workhouse which was built to accommodate 4,465 persons was now filled to suffmation, and to overflowing, there being 5 005 inmatt's within its walls; and what did the Right Hon. Baronet the Secretary for Ireland say? That there were 214 more persons in the building than it could hold.—(Loud laughter.) He was happy to perceive that on a grave and melancholy sub ject like this Hon. Gentlemen could be merry.—(oll!) Let him not be understood as meaning that Hon. Members really wished to treat lightly such a subject. He considered if these deaths were caused by the neglect of Government they were accessories to the crime of murder, and as such accouatable before God, he wished he could say before man also. In his opinion the Secretary for Ireland had too many irons iu the fire, it would be much better if he were to resign his post of Commissioner of the Poor-law Board to some man who would take coach or railroad, and have a personal in spection of the state or affairs himself. Sir LUCIUS O'BRIEN bore testimony that the facts stated by the Honourable . Member were perfectly true. The board of guardians of Kilrush were sub jected to an enormous pressure each day, and as the Go vernment advances had been stopped, the union was thrown on its own resources, which were totally unable to support the burden. Sir DE LACY EVANS expressed a hope that the Metropolitan Buildings Act would not be brought on at a late hour of the night. Sir G. GREY said it certainly would not. The motion for the adjournment of the House until Monday was then agreed to. The House then went into Committee of Ways and Means, Mr. BERNAL in the chair. THE BUDGET. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER then rose and said—Sir, several weeks have now elapsed since I first put into your hands the resolution to which I ern about to call the attention of the Committee. — (Hear, hear.) Since that time I believe the attention of Hon. Gentlemen has been directed to topics perhaps of a more interesting or exciting, but certainly not of a more important character, than that on which I am about to call for the opinion of the House. Time has been afforded me to recooider the , propo sa l s I th e n m a d e , and also the observations and censures which, with no sparing hand, have been bestowed upon them. I have also had the advantage of hearing from the Noble Lord, the chief of the agricultural party, the course of finan cial policy which he proposed to pursue. That Noble Lord is at once prepared to reduce, as far as possible, the income-tax, to extinguish it altogether as soon as circumstances will allow, and to aid such an operation is prepared to propose a fixed duty on t h e i m p or t a ti on o f foreign corn into this country.—(Hear.) The proposals which I submitted, and which I shall submit, are intended to promote the health and comfort of the labouring per tions of the community, by further reducing the duty on important articles of consumption and on raw material. —(Hear, hear.) That is the policy which I feel it is now my duty to pursue. The two plans are now fairly before the House and the country, and it is for the House and the country to decide on which side the preponderance exists, and which of them, on the whole, is likely to be most beneficial for the welfare of this great empire.—(bear, hear.) With regard to my own proposal, I can assure those Hen. Gentlemen who have been impatient for this night's ex position, that it has been from no wish of mine that it has been so long delayed.—(Hear, hear.) They will readily believe that I have been most anxious to correct some of the misapprehensions which have prevailed on the subject of my proposals, believing, as I do, that the principles on which those proposals are founded is sound, and that the proposals themselves are fair, honest, and just.—(Hear, hear.) In such a belief, I have been most anxious for the opportunity which this night affords me of explaining those proposals, and of vindicating the course which I felt it my duty to pursue. I know I shall not ask in vain for that indulgence which has never been refused to any one who has been so much the object of attack as I have been.--(Bear, hear.) I know I may ask for and trust to the kind indulgence of the House while I vindicate my proposals, and justify the course which I have pursued.—(Haar.) I admit at once that these proposals were not received with satis faction by the House. I am not surprised that they should not have been received wit's satisfaction by Hon. Gentlemen, representatives of the agricultural interest—an interest suffering, I am sorry to say, under the pressure which always attends the removal of protective duties.—(Bear, hear.) Those Hon. Members has asked for relief either by the imposition of a protective duty on foreign corn, or by a transfer to the Consolidated Fund of a large portion of the local burdens. Believing as I do that neither of those proposals is for the interest of the country, and therefore not for the interest even of the agricultural class in the long run, it was not in my power, consis tent with duty, to include them in any scheme which I had to propose. I have so often been called upon to state my opinion on that subject to the House, that I need not now more fully refer to it. I believe that the agriculturists must look to their own exertions, and not to legislation, fur any relief to the suffering which at present exists.—(Hear.) With regard to other parties in this House, I confess I was astonished at the recep tion which they gave my proposals.—(Hear.) In the various censures and criticisms of those proposals I find that the pervading demand has been for a remission of taxes beyond what it is possible to grant consistently with the due maintenance of the national credit, and of those public institutions which I believe necessary for the public welfare, and which I have no reason to sup pose the great majority in this House is not inclined to support. It is therefore leas matter of surprise than of regret that my proposals should have been received in the way they have been by the party I allude to. — (Hear.) No doubt there was an expectation of a larger surplus than that which existed in January, or than that which would exist in April or at the end of the financial year; and no doubt Hon. Members were unwilling to believe that they could be disappointed in their sanguine expectations. If they have been so disappointed, it is no fault of mine. I neither sanctioned such expecta tions nor gave any warrant for the assertions made; and much as I may regret the disappointment which exists, I c annot see that in proposing whet I believe was a feir and honest Budget I could in any way have gratified the expectations so unwarrantably entertained , I might, to ford were correct, I might have to reduce materially the receipts from the income-tax of the present year; or, if I am to credit the prophecy of the Noble L o rd at the head of the protectionist party, I should not look for- ward to the next year as one Of even ordinary prosperity. —(Hear, hear.) Nevertheless, under all the circum stances, I cannot say I would be justified in altering the estimate I made of the probable income and probable expenditure of the year.—(llear, hear,) Tha probable expenditure is contained in the estimates laid on the table, the principle items of which have been already ♦oted by the House.—(oh, oh, and laughter). lam not saying that any argument can be founded on that; for I think it would be unfair, after the conduct of the House two or three nights ago, to argue that the estimates had been voted, and that nothing more could be said respect ing them. We believe that they have been framed with a due regard to economy, and to the demands of the ser vice. The probable amount of the surplus we estimate at 1,892,0001. lam told that, even with this surplus, I ought to have done something striking—something that would have produced an effect ire the country. I differ altogether from those who think so. Wneu I was con sidering what I should propose I did not take into ac count whether the proposals would produce an effect in the country. I sat down and considered what were the tuxes moat objectionable and prod uc :ire of the most mischief, and came to the conclusion that these were the taxes which ought to be reduced. But Hon. Gentle mea should recollect, when they wished fur something great and striking, that the greet protective duties have already been removed. The Government of Sir R. Peel reduced the duties on corn and timber. The present Government reduced the protective duty on sugar, and repealed the navigation-laws. It is nut reasonable, therefore, to complaie of us for not cluing something great and striking. No doubt there are still outies ob noxious in principle and which ought to be removed; but we are now withiu a restricted circle. In strict accordance with the principle upon which larger duties were repealed, so ought we to act with those that are equally mischievous, though within u narrower circle. There is one duty for the continuance of which in its present shape I have been reproached by many people, and that is the duty on tea. But though tea is subjected to a high duty it is not a protective duty. Whatever sup plies of tea may come from China there is no other country from which supplies can come, and by compe tition, reduce the price of the article in this country. Though I have on former occasions expressed an opinion that it was highly desirable to reduce the duty on tea—an opinion I still entertain—yet I think there are other duties that have a prior claim. If I had pro posed to reduce the duty on tea, in all probability I should have been found fault with, and, perhaps, not without reason, for not dealing at the same time with the duty on an article which comes into competition with tea—l mean the duty on malt.—(Elear, hear.) I I know the Hon. Member for the North Riding of Yorkshire (Mr. Cayley) would not have been satisfied if I bad dealt with the duty on tea alone. Though the duty on tea is 200 per cent., and the duty on malt only 60 per cent., yet I think I might have been exposed to attacks by the agricultural interest if I had dealt ex clusively with an article which competed with another in which they were deeply interested. —(Hear, hear.) But, at any rate, there were other duties which had a prior claim to our consideration than either the duty on tea or the duty on malt. I may be permitted to make one remark to those Hon. Members on both sides who call for a large reduction of taxation. It applies equally to those who call for a reduction of excise duties, and of duties on articles of import, and to those who call for a large reduction in direct taxation and the income-tax. It is this. It they expect any large reduction of taxation they should not perpetually clamour for minor reductions. If Hon. Gentlemen will bear in mind the proposals that I have been called on to entertain—the reductions I have been pressed to make, they will remember that I have been asked to reduce duties of one sort to the amount of 120,0001., 150,000/. fur advertisement duty, 360,0001 for newspaper stamps, and 100,0001. for duties on Irish spirits in bond. Now every such reduction diminishes the power of making a great reduction. If the modern system is to prevail —that every surplus, however small, is to be ex pended in the reduction of some minor duty, neither I, nor any one who may fill my place, can ever do that which the country demands when it asks us to make considerable reductions of taxes. The Howe must co-operate with the Chancellor of the Ex chequer to enable him to accumulate such a surplus as may enable him to do that which they require. It does not depend on him alone. If every surplus is to be dis persed the moment it is announced nothing great or sa tisfactory in the way of large reductions of duties can ever be done. I have b ten told—l beg the attention of the House to this—that there is no principle in the pro posals I made to the House. Now, the principle on winch not only the Budget was proposed, but ou which I have always acted in commercial and financial mea sures, has been one and the same; mid it is to do that which appears most for the benefit of the great masses of the population of this country.—(Cheers.) I have never turned to the right or the left to consider the bene fit of one class or another. I have looked solely to what would be best for the labouring and wo' king dart of the population.—(Cheers.) They may not be—indeed they are not to a great extent represented in this House. They cannot send into Parliament men to represent their wants, and hence it is that they ought more pecu lierly to be the objects of our care and solicitude, Go vernment having been instituted for the benefit of the many and not for the advantage of the few.—(Cheers.) It was for their sake that I always advocated the repeal of the duty on foreign corn and on meat. The reduction of the duty on corn and on cattle was pro posed and carried by the late Sir R. Peel. I myself proposed the reduction of the duty on foreign coffee. It is far their sake that I have advocated the reduction of duties on raw material. I did not do so to put more profit into the pockets of the merchant and the manufac turer,.but because I believed that by the free introduc tion of the raw material employment would, be given to the labourer, and cheap clothing to his family.— (Hear, hear.) We have given them food and clothing. There still remains one article of vital importance to them. You no doubt remember the reports that were laid on the table last year, and which were quoted by the late Sir R. Peel, as to the wretched state of the labourers' dwellings in the Eastern counties, and the miserable results from the crowding to gether of families. It was in part to remedy this that I last year repealed the duty on bricks. It is for their sake that I proposed to reduce the duty on foreign timber. I know not, so far as the country labourer is concerned, if more can be done for him by the reduction of duties; but another class remains—l mean that large portion of the population crowded in the narrow streets and dark alleys of the towns. There is evidence to show beyond dispute, the bad effects produced on them by the dark and unwholesome houses they inhabit. There is evidence to show, beyond dispute, the evil effects arising from dark and crowded cellars and ill-ventilated apart ments. We have evidence in abundance to show that stunted growth, deformed limbs, and weakened intellect are attributable in too many cases to deprivation of air and light.—(Hear, hear.) We determined as soon as it was in our power, as far as the reduction of taxa tion could effect it, to do everything that might imme diately better the sanitary condition of the labour ng poor—(Hear, hear)—we determined to attack that state of things which was proved to be the cause of disease, disfigurement, and death.—(Hear, hear.) I am not ashamed to say that having done what could be dune and what was possible in this respect and to this ex tent, I have removed every serious ground of com plaint that might be made. There may be other measures which would be also for the benefit of the la bouring classes; this was not the least one necessary for their benefit; and this at least I hope we may be able to carry through the House. I shall feel then that, having contributed to cheapen their food, having as sisted to cheapen their clothing, Wt 3 shall have well con cluded oar course with one benefit for the labouring population of towns—the unrestrained enjoyment of light and air. —(Cheers.) Now, Sir, with regard to another proposal. It is said to contribute more to the benefit of the population of this country to reduce duties of a par ticular description—such;duties are the protecting duties! I need not argue this point, for such duties take most from the pocket of the consumer, and bring less to the revenue.—(Heal; hear.) The duty on coffee was 50 per cent. ; that on timber 90 - per cent. Now, were there not circumstances which called for a revisal of those duties'? I need not remind the House of the discus sion which took place here night after night on the sub ject of the adulteration of coffee.—(Hear, and laughter.) I ant not prepared to send an army of excisemen into every grocer's shop in the country, nor commence a prosecution against ev. ry cue in the Strand—(Hear) — but I thought it better to meet the evil by the reduction of the duty on imported articles.—(Hear, hear.) Again, I hold that the reduction of the duty on timber was a sound measure, and consistent with all reason able principles, because it was a commodity used by all classes, from one extremity of the kingdom to another. —(Hear, hear.) Last year I did resist the proposal made for a drawback on timber used in shipbuilding; and I said then to the shipbuilders that they must wait until they had the benefit of the reduction of the duty on timber with the rest of the community. These two articles I selected to give a preference to, as having the premier claim. Did I deal with these duties in what might be called a peddling spirit?—(Hear, hear.) Those who know best are aware that it would have been un wise to reduce the duty further in the latter case for the present year. I have said tr,at the reduction of protec tive duties was most beneficial to the consumer and the revenue. Let me call the attention of the House for a moment to the results of that course with respect to one particular article on which I formerly proposed a reduc tion. I allude to the proposal for the reduction of the duty on foreign sugar. The benefit to the revenue and the consumer from that step could hardly have been cal culated. In the year 1845 the Ri g ht Hon. Gentleman opposite reduced the duty o n colonial su gar , but left that on foreign sugar untou ched. The resul t of that propo sition was a loss to the re v enue of 1 ,400,000/. In 1846 we proposed a reduction of the duty on foreign sugar, and the consequence was an increase in the con sumption, to the extent of 900,000 cwt,, and an increase in the daty of 1 , 100 , 000 /. — (Hear, hear.) Such was the effect which followed from our proposel. I quote t hi s to the House merely as an instance of the benefit to be derived by the general population of the country, as well as the Exchequer, from the reduction of protective duties. — (Hear, hear.) There was another proposal which I made, which was conn ecte d w i th the c h arge s on land, and was a charge with respect asylums, and a red uct i on o f t h e d u ti e s on clover and and "Hear, hear," from the Gov to the expense of lunatic grass seeds.—(C r i es o f " Oh, oh, ern ment side.) I can not" from the Opposition, say that th ese propos i t i ons w ere very well received. —(Hear.) I have heard much objection urged against them, and not a single word said in their favour. Now whatever may be said, I am unwilling to force them on those who may be unwilling to reeve them.—(lLar, and laughter.) These proposals were nil based on that principle which we believe to be most beneficial to the community Dad most calculated to promote the health of the labouring classes—namely, the reduction of prole& tive duties on our great articles of consumption and raw material. If these principles be not assented to in recent legislation, then I consent to stand convicted of error; but if they are—if they are deemed for the benefit of the labouring population of this country, I call upon the House to record their verdict in favour of those men' surer;.—(Cheers.) I am aware that a :loud demand bee been made for the total and unconditional repeal of the window- tax.—(Hear, hear.) That tax at present amount! to 1,856,0001.; the probable surplus of the year is; as L have already stated, 1,892,000/. Now, if I assented to this request about the window-tax, I should leave myself a margin of about 40.0001, which I should be est:tames to talk of as a surplus, to meet the least possible demand —on account of the Kafir war, for example.—(" Oho oh," from the Radicals.) What! do Hon. Gentlemen suppose that this country is to suffer its subjects to be slaughtered without an effort to save them—(Cheers) -- those whom she is bound to guard, and whom she sent out to the colony on the faith of British protection...et (Hear, hear.) If I had the smellest possible demand, I would at once willingly create a deficiency to meet suelL an emergency, and I believe no man in this House would blame me for so doing. —( Hear, hear.) That which presses most on the labouring classes is not so much the amount of tuxation which the pay, el the mode in which it is levied. At present, in refit' refute te the window-tax, it is the number of windows , not the value of the house, which regulate% the telt Now it I were to reduce the whole of the taxation on house property I should be obliged to postpone the mot difleation or removal of other taxes which bear more heavily on the labouring classes, and which have for more icuportaet claims for consideration. Only let toe remind the Deus,. of the representations made to Go' vernmeut on this subject. One of the earliest parties wig' applied was a gentleman well known in this metropolis , himself an owner et house property. That gentlemen has written a pemphlet on the question, and in it he calls upon all owners of house property to bear the post. What does my Noble Friend (Lord Duncan) who • has so deeply interested himself in this matter say ? Not that, house property should be relieved, but that no re' stricdons should be imposed on air and light.—(Bear , hear.) What was the language held by those vibe , together with my Noble Frieud, waited on me on this subject? They did not ask for a remission of pounds shillings, and pence; they represented that whic h was true of the dwellings of th e p oor , th e une nnot assessment and valuation of the houses, and till asked for relief from the s e ev il s , b u t not for a total remission of the tax. If I had a tax assessed on the value of houses, I should have met all the de minds, but I should have a duty as different from that which now exists as it is pos s ibl e t o h ave . A duty el, ls. 10d on houses with shops would raise a sum et 1,120 0001. That might be a proposal which would not meet with the sanction of some. But the proposal which I male was one which I think would benefit all par" ties, and no person would have to pay more than two' thirds of what he has hitherto paid. I could not apPlf the same rule to the new houses. I am quite certain , I however, that the fairest mode, the mode most consistent with the principles of fair dealing and justice, is to pre; pose a uniform duty on old and new houses.—(Heat.) When the gentlemen from Marylebone complained s, much of the injustice of my proposal, and that I ehoul° have put them upon the footing of new houses, they had not examined the question so far as they wer e c o n cerned with any attention, in order to see how the proposition would operate on themselves. In one case they might PI 60,0001. taxes, and i n ano th er th e y m i g h t pay 6 8,000 I admit, however, the pr o p osa l was d e fi c i ent in thattuei' form principle, which on the whole I think most just t ° act on.—(Hear, hear.) Complaints were made also fri, different parts of the country. Th ere were man y and large houses before any window-tax was introduce d ' upon which the proposal might have fallen h eav ily. was willing to correct the pressure which might ewe , as on looking into the matter I am convinced the prise ciple I have just now laid down is a fair one. I hoe therefore they will not now complain, if, in adoptig these principles, they do not in all cases receive as mu& relief as they expected. When complaints are made the utter incompatibility of taxing on the number .°: windows, and with respect to the value, I think we ougil to take as low a rate as we consistently could. Now, propene to leave all reference to the number of winches" out of consideration, and getting rid of all objection; on sanitary grounds, I propose to take a uniform rests of 9d. in the pound on the valuation of all dwelling Houses, 6d. on all houses which have 5800 4 or attached to hotels or farms, or that serve tn ° general purposes of victualling houses. TO House will remember also that I propose to exelnP l from taxation altogether all houses not exceeding 2 v't in value.—(Hear, hear.) Now let me state the re sult of this proposal. In the first place , from such rn e e i turns as I have collected, I have reduc e d the number e' houses paying window tax from 500,000 to 4u0,000." / i (Rear.) I give a benefit not existing under the old to o to shops, victualling houses, and far m res id ences . Tu relief eiveu from taxation altogethe r amoun t s to no lef t t than 1,150,0004 There are som e anoma l ous ca sete lie houses with which it would be difficult if not impossicsr to deal. In some cases taxation will be made loWn f ; The relief will act according to the valuatio n of It respective di.tricts; for instance, streets in the West-et t , might be obliged to pay more tuxes than they hither! : did, or hen those elsewhere in which the houses wfP . not so highly valued. The houses in the country fees' rally will be relieved more than elsewhere. The old re, sidential house of the country gentleman will not hai l to pay in proportion to its number of windows.—(Hear'; The clergymen especially will be relieved, and so 031 , the small tarmers generally. All the houses of tb o l farmers paying under 2001. a year rent w ill now be "i lieved J . :ern window tax. Those paying 3001 a year believe are subject to the income t ax; so t h at a bar f ff number of the agricultural pop u l at i on w ill b e relieved tsi this proposition than would ha ve b een b y t h e repeal 't the income tax. They would a ll necessar il y escape qi window tax, because their houses were not likely t° o f valued at 201. I will give the House some instancee ut the extent of the relief which wou ld b e afforded b 7 tm adoption of my proposition:— Marylebone and its district under the present system, pays now ... X92.°0 Will pay ... 52, 0 '0 Regent -street now Hereafter 1, 0 .5 Finsbury -s quare now ... 17/% 1 0 Hereafter •..• Portman-square now ... . lie t o Hereafter ... ••• ••• ••• 6 e -1 Belgrave-square would h av e an increase of about 12 e' e t (Hear, and laughter)—but as most of the ge ntleer, residing there had probably houses in the countrr os (Laughter)—they will be indemnified by the saving o f one place for the increase on the other—(Hear, 01 0 laughter.) It is very difficult to get returns of any 0° ,,, from any purely exclusive country district. I find, hol ever, by such returns as I can get, that in 40 excells ti e houses situated in six of the southern counties the rte sent amount of taxes is 2,5601., while that under the n'e system will be only 5671.—(Hear, hear.) In Mai:Jebel, it was 30,0001., it will be 15,0001.; in Birmingb it o 18,4001., and will be 8,000/.; and in Bath, the N o `7o Lord's (Lord Duncan) own borough, the talc 1° - 23,0004, and would be only 2,5001 . The greatest re fi t is given in those cases where the value of property d ay not depend on the size or the number o f windl s Will my Hon. Friends of the metrop o lit an diett l ft e complain of this proposal? The Hon. Member ,e Finsbury wants something done for him and his con tuents. He said we ought to do something for them• he think the tax, as I leave it now, i s no t p a id by Of think bouring population— by the artizans, by the worP7 t g whom he delights to represent—l have taken the ta%- the people and placed it on property.—(Hear, hear.) te the Hoe. Gentlemen behind me, who advocate direct t r io ation on property, are dissatisfied with this, I know 3 ,0 what will satisfy them.—(Hear.) There are 3,50 0,0 ;e houses In this country paying taxes, and of tb ° h l 3,100,000 will be exempt from taxation. That whit'', propose will be paid by 400,000 of the most valusw o houses in the country. —(Hear, he ar , an d Ob, oh.) 14 ° ; if this be an injustice, it is to be proved that this P o e tax on the people. It is in the strongest sense s ra % 400,000 of those houses which were best able to Pt is know not whether ther e i s any aut h or i ty to quotot favour of a tax of thi s d escr ipti on . I b e li eve any wr'tio who has desct ibed this h ouse - tax h as ca ll e d it one o f it best that could be imposed. Adam Smith said tberno no country in Europe in which a large amount Isof t e not be raised in this manner. I find the wi n dow " 0 . most unequal and unjust. I find a more r ece nt n e t thority of great weight, Mr. John Mill, and a his A extract from his book will express the heals), of the cast, clearer and better than I coulda• - • house tax, as justly proportioned to the value of a 10 0 is one of the fairest taxes, and the most unobjectiolte of all taxes. No part of a porsun's expenditure '5, •• niches a better idea of his means. A house tax, t be i - 0 fore, if you approach it fairly, is a more equitable,O, than a direct one on income." —(Hear, bear.) 4 ' 1 .0' therefore, is a short account of the extent to which IP ro , pose retaining a portion of the existing tax on house,P o o perry. With respect to the proposal which I ma d e,,,' e a o r ff ti e c e les a h n a d d i t t i s m j le 4 e ti r ti , ce l not that I can make o ne change in those articles. I believe my proposal on t o m e fully admitted. admitted. I make the!' 0 propositions, th ere f ore, w hi c h I prev i ously made 119. reduction of on e -f our th o f th e d u t y on co l on i a l c° o l and one-h a lf o f that upon f ore i gn t i m b er. The 003,-,°60- of these t wo d ut i es was 400,000 1 . T he Ri ght H on . V 0 tlesnan here went into some calculations of revennv ot e slam what probable surplus there would be for the o f Cuing year; and upon summing up all the items be so d flounced that the contemplated surplus for the Pr e 01 year was only 924,0001. That surplus was 40 0, available for any further reduction of taxot itt e as it included a half - year's window-tax ar re t ele which could not be calculated on hereof r e I cannot ee say that I would be j us tifi e d in , Pre posing any further reductio n . I h ave already itig minded the House of the possibility of a demand w - e. made upon us on account of th e h ost iliti es go ing the Cape of G MEMBER—e. e 0 10 An lioN. What will be the amount °' demand ? It The CHANCELLOR of th e EXCHEQUERr't the of course, impossible f or n now to state n i t the amount of the demand may be. The estimate It b ells Cape for six months was 400,0001, and I caers° t ~e PS hoping that, with th e means which will speedily pet the disposal of Sir Harry Smith, he will be able t ° tee an end to hostilities; but we must be prepared f °r A tioli woret. We, unh a ppil y, k now too well what the da r e de' of the last w ar wee , an d what was the extent of l'e pt 10 maed made upon us f or i t , an d h av i ng now t h e erse n o glil our hands of defraying any charge which may be V i vo/ against us, s ure l y no man would be so unwise as 0 ,, die them away.—(He ar , h ear. ) I have ment i one d tu o tee, mand made up o n us b y t h e E ast I nd i a C om p o te,' ! on Or extent of 400,0001 I trust that on an exareien tl ,„e to ) 'lmA:llk 114.; cii,o,axid w ill not b e established, j e : its full extent. Still t h e d eman d h as b een w ade, e me th s must be prepared t o pay i t . —(A l aug h.) I era st ir los Committee will a gree th a t it w ou ld b e Unwise P Wiso