The Sun. — London, England, 1868-02-08 00:00:00

s iFIE.I.i. OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. The Times, in a leader on the late Protestant meeting in the Rotundo, Dublin, notices one class that was almost unrepresented. There were present peers, members of Parliament, chiefs of families, magistrates, in fact, all the higher classes, but the people of Ireland were absent. On this occasion the governing class had its say as to the de mands of the governed. As this strange political dialogue has been going on now for several centuries, and circum stances themselves bring some novelty to the topics dis cussed, we might hope for some novelty in the arguments or the tone. But we may safely say that nothing said or read at this demonstration would have been in advance of the age any year of this century or the century before. To maintain everything just as it is, leaving the people to do what they may, must, or will do under the circumstances, was the loudly and easily expressed decision of this aristocratic and privileged crowd. Speeches' were made not wanting in ability, and papers were read which shew Irish eloquence to be irrespective of party; but it was evident that one thing was to be said, one only, and that was—" No surrender." All right of private judgment, the free exercise of reason, and the inspirations of genius itself had been dried down to the one cuckoo cry, which nothing but parliamentary pro priety expanded into the form of speeches and the sem blance of argumentation. In this one point all agreed. There could be no division. The appropriation of the religious endowment to the exclusive benefit of the small but rich minority was to be maintained not only for its own sake, and as the homage due to truth, but r.s the only means of preerving the British connection and averting spoliation from the landowner. The Church and the land would stand or fall together. The Protestants alone loved the British rule, and held Ireland for the empire ; and they did it in fair return for their acknowledged and stipulated ascendancy. The compact broken and the re cognition withdrawn, it was not easy, or rather it was only too easy, to say what would follow. The Protestant Esta blishment gone, the land would fdllow ; the land gone, Ireland, too, would go. This was not a question of love, of common feeling, or any of the ideas usually supposed to assimilate races and form them into a national whole. It was wages and work : payment and consideration for it ; for holding Ireland, and keeping its natives in good order the Protestants must have all the Church property, and all their present position, whatever it is, in the possession of the soil and the government of the people. The Herald looks upon the demonstration in quite a different light. The Protestants of Ireland have at length accepted the challenge flung at them with much provoca tive insolence by the English Radicals and the Irish Ultra montanists. The demonstration in the Rotundo at Dublin is aimed at both sections of their assailants—at the Limerick clergy and the London Reform League, at Dr. Cullen and Mr. John Bright. We apprehend that neither are very well pleased with the spirit they have evoked. A few waspish speeches from Radical agitators, a sinister "pastoral" from a prelate more Roman than Irish, and the carpings of a few discontented priests. are manifestations which are dwarfed into insignificance when contrasted with such a display of strength and resolution as that exhibited on Wednesday. The Protestants of the North have endured, with credible forbearance, the provocations and the menaces which of late have been so liberally directed against them. They discerned, no doubt, that until re cently the agitation which threatened at once the exist ence of the Irish Establishment and the ownership of the soil was chiefly kept up by a small though active politico religious organisation in England, and so long as this was the case they were content to look on in contemptuous silence. But as soon as the cause was taken up by the Radical party and the Ultramonta,nists it became the duty of the Protestants to accept the challenge. And our con temporary thinks that they acted wisely and well. The legal appointments just made by the present Go• ♦ernment have, in the opinion of the Daily News, weakened the appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery, without at all strengthening the law advisers ol the Crown. They have also the demerit of disregarding the rule by which the different branches of the law con tribute equally to the offices of Attorney and Solicitor.. General ; and most unnecessarily, because Mr. Baggallay— quite as eminent a practitioner in the equity courts as Mr. Brett is in the common law courts—is in the House of Commons, and has been just as determined a supporter of the Government as Mr. Brett, though he has not clamoured for every legal post, from the Court of Passage at Liverpool when it became vacant to puisne judgeship that were not created. Through the elevation of Sir Charlee Selwyn to the high office of Lord Justice, the appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery must fail to inspire confidence. The warmest friends of Lord Chelmsford will not compare him as Lord Chancellor, either in learning, capacy, or industry, with the late Lord Campbell, Lord Westbury, or Lord Cranworth ; he is, in point of fact, a weakiudge, who skilfully avoids the difficulties which his predecessors would have dealt with to the satisfaction of the bar. Lord Cairns is brilliant ; some think more brilliant than solid ; and though no one would have objected to have seen Sir Charles Selwyn made Vice- Chancellor, when any errors he might commit could be swiftly and inexpensively corrected on appal, the idea of his at once, without judicial experience, with very mode rate learning, and no high capacity of any kind, being foisted into an appellate position, where his mistakes admit only of tedious and costly correction, is an outrage on the administration of justice in the Court of Chancery. The Post, dealing with Abyssinia, points out that on a small scale, and with much less excuse, we are apparently repeating the terrible blunders which cost us so dearly thirteen years ago in the Crimea. A great deal has been said, and with truth, of the immense sums expended by the Government in preparations for the present expedi- Lion. That the bill prosented to the nation will be a large one, no one need entertain the slightest doubt. Parsimony Is not often a failing of the English Government whet, important enterprises are organised ;but prodigality in ex penditure is not, as the Crimean campaign amply testified synonymous with the exhibition of prudence and foresight, or the perfection of the most ordinary preparations fo: the most obvious wants. How those who had the manage ment of the Commissariat Department in the Crimea lef the troops without the ordinary necessaries of existence, and the horses without forage, seemed utterly inexplicable at the time ; but now we are asked to solve the still mor marvellous problem, namely, how those to whom Cat direction of the Abyssinian Expedition has beet assigned have transported thousands of baggage animals to a country where they must have known they would find no water to drink, and under circumstances which rendered it hopeless to expect that they could be adequately cared for. To the Saturday Review it appears extremely doubtful whether Mr. Bright's plan for dealing with landed property in Ireland would effect his principal ob ject. But it is admitted that it is in no respect unjust or revolutionary. It is a reprod uc ti on i n su b stance of the project which the orator first announced at Dublin. For the purpose of converting the occupiers of the land into freeholders, he proposes to advance money for the purchase of small holdings which the existing proprietors may be willing to sell ; and he calculates that, by a payment of five or six per cent. on the price for principal and interest, the purchasers might clear off the incumbrance in five and-thirty years, having during the interval enjoyed secu rity of tenure on condition of meeting the annual charge. As Parliament, representing the tax-paying community, would lose little or nothing by the operation, the volun tary transfer of property would neither be objectionable in principle nor burdensome to this country ; yet the ques tion arises whether the process which appears to Mr. Bright so easy would be either simple or successful. Lord Stanley not unseasonably protested against a resort to quacks merely because no complete or certain cure was known for a social disease. The retort that when a dis eas e has d e fi e d the efforts of regular pract i t i oners , it ma y be expedient to t r y a quac k, i s i ngen i ous , b u t in common with much effe c ti ve rhetoric, it is fallacious. The appeal from a regular doctor who has failed to understand the case, to an empirical charlatan who may hit by accident on a remedy, is not analogous to a preference of an arbi trary device to sound economical doctrine. It was against quackery rather than against quacks that Lord Stanley warned his audience and the country. bl The special plan recommended by Mr. Bright waPr Stanley's purview when he denounceda not within Lord chimerical yetit schemes judicioustonstime duislianisteten which practically involved confiscation ;extremely doubtful whether it would be purchases of land by advances of public money. Ilnded estates is already in progress through the disintegration ol li the f Encumbered Estates Courts, and it is evidently b etter tx deal in the first instance with the lands of enabarrasse proprietors than to buy up, as Mr. Bright wishes, the flourishing estates of wealthy absentee noblemen. Expe. perience spews that the Irish middle classes, including the farmers, have large hoards of money, and of late years the officers of the Estates Courts have found that the highest amount of purchase-money is realised by the division of estates into lots of moderate dimensions. Within twenty years one-ninth part of the soil of Ireland has been sold under the direction of the court, and fez- some time past no large properties have been alienated in bulk. When small . -hasera are able and willing to p a y the hi g hest prices, it seems at least unnecessary to reinforce their private resources by the funds of the State ; but it is true that the buyers of encumbered lands are not generally the persons whom Mr. Bright wishes to favour. The lots are sold to small tradesmen and village money-lenders, rather than to the occupiers of the farms ; and consequently a class of petty landlords, resembling the middlemen of a former generation, is gradually coming into existence. The Irishman whom theorists desire, on plausible gro Inds, to elevate into a peasant proprietor, himself greatly prefers Cie ease and dignity of landowner subsisting on his rent ; and if #l .. v . _821t1). and 'West of Ireland were ajr thifsgigullt zarved out into freehold holdings of fifty acres, the CCM pations would in a few years be multiplied fivefold, while the number of owners might probably remain the same. In conclusion, the Saturday says : There can be no differ ence of opinion as to the importance of the question which Mr. Bright has discussed with unusual temperance of language. Irelanctis, under the present circumstances of America, the wealepoint of the British Empire, and the removal of existing grievances is the first duty of states. men. The proportion of evil which lies beyond the reach of legislation is probably larger than it appears to Mr. Bright. It is impossible to conjecture what line of argument any :pecker will take on any given subject. For instance, judging from his antecedents, the John Bull would have expected to find Mr. Bright advocating the American sys tem of education ; yet we find him this week at Birming ham speaking so moderately on the subject that the Times in its leading columns congratulates him on his Conser vatism—a sentiment in which it entirely concurs. It is most refreshing to find a man of Mr. Bright's stamp speaking out his own views in opposition to those of the party to which he is attached. What can have come over him so soon after his most objectionable speech of the previous evening? Is he bidding for a place in the Cabinet? Anyhow he feels the responsibility of his utter ance. He has weighed the consequences, and he delibe rately expresses his dissent from those with whom he is in the habit of agreeing. He tvas addressing the workmen of Birmingham, who were met together to talk over the Paris Exhibition. The general opinion seemed to be that England was far behind almost all other countries in arts and manufactures. Instead of concurring in these sentiments, and belauding everything foreign at the ex- pence of everything English, and suggesting that the Government should take upon itself to superintend the technical education of the people, he entirely repu diates the idea of -Government aid, and maintains that if the first principles of reading, writing, and arithmetic are well grounded, technical knowledge must and will be sought by the children as they grow up. This, as we all know, is precisely the principle on which our public schools are conducted. The theory of the present day would lead to a smattering of many subjects. We are delighted to find Mr. Bright at one with ourselves on the desirableness of laying a solid foundation on which each one 'may build for himself in after years. Of the American system De says nothing, save that it does not interfere with tedinical education. He is decidedly opposed to a system of compulsory education, and would Lave the Government do nothing, either by rates or grants, or a combination of both, except for those " whose con dition is one of (I will say), to a large extent, deplorable ignorance, and exhibits great neglect on the part of the Government in past times." He appears to be in favour of the denominational system. The John Bull thinks it a great gain that Mr. Bright should thus, to use his own phrase, have become " slow and Conserva tive." He is a man who looks at things from a practical point of view, sometimes, perhaps, a trifle too practical, and reasons this out by what he considers the rules of common sense, and herein he differs from many of those who would tinker our educa tional system, and the result is that he arrives at an entirely opposite conclusion to the " well-meaning people at Manchester." Theory is all very well, but a grain of practical common sense is worth a ton of it. Earl Russell, Earl Granville, Mr. Bruce, Mr. Lowe, et id genus omne, have put down vihat looks very well upon paper ; the only misfortune is that it won't work. Mr. Bright sees this, and before the whole world proclaims his own views, even though he must know that they will be most unpalatable, not only to his hearers, but also to the great bulk of his political friends and supporters. The Spectator, writing on the Speke mystery, dismisses ;he theory of voluntary disappearance as possible, but purely conjectural. After discussing several other con ceptions, and finding them mere improbabilities, our weekly contemporary comes to the conclusion, though with great pain, that the only hypothesis admissible, the only theory, that is, which meets the facts, moral and physical, which have to be taken into the ac count, is murder, murder of a cool, deliberate kind, murder planned on system, carried out relentlessly, and dictated solely by the expectation of plunder. We shall be accused of sensationalism, but the single theory which seems in our jiagment to fit the facts is of necessity a sensational one. Suppose Mr. Speke to have been decoyed into a cab, in Birdcage-walk, it may be, as suggested, by some story of a sick person awaiting him ; it may be, by an arrest by sham detectives ; it may be, by appeal for aid to a dying person in the cab, and then put under chloro form, all would be explained. His ,hat fell off in the momentary useless struggle after he had discovered that he was deceived, and the body was driven away either to a house previously prepared, or to a bridge whence it could be thrown into the water, or fairly beyond town to some solitary place, altogether beyond the range_of police inquiry. The extraordinary story related en Wednesday by the incumbent of Savoy Chapel, who was invited in Trafalgar-square by a sham detective to enter a cab and be driven to Bow-street, where his .presence was not required, suggests that a form of crime has been invented in which some confederate drives a cab. It is a wild theory, doubtless, but not a bit wilder than the fact testified by Mr. White ; and we will venture, at the risk of being thought silly, to add a supposition even wilder still, namely, that if any such form of crime is in operation— and it is difficult, after reading Mr. White's letter, to doubt it —the perpetrators are foreigners. It is too cool, too artistic, too complete, for the concep tion of the English criminal class, which, moreover, bad as it is, has for some thirty years appeared, at all events, to avoid habitual murder for money. The foreign charac ter of the gang would also explain the failure of the great temptation offered to accomplices in the Queen's free pardon, an the curiously complete absence of any inci dental evidence offered to the public. MR. GUSCHEN, Olv COMIERCIAb AFFAIRS. At the annual meeting of the Liverpool Chamber of uommerce, Mr. Goschen, M.P., said that there had seldom been a time in the history of commerce when there was more pressing need for commercial legislation. He was sure the country was greatly mistaken if it thought the merchants of every class were not as keenly alive to every sentiment of honour as any other class of the community. People said a great deal about the greed of gold. He believed that, if it existed, it existed in every class, for everyone was anxious for success. It was not always a simple desire to get rich. To succeed in business was as great an ambition of the commercial man as the lawyer or the physician. But it could not be denied that the events of the last few years had put the commercial classes upon their defence. Everyone was looking for the causes which had brought about both commercial depression and that which he feared he must call commercial dis repute. Probably no single cause had brought it about. The greater portion of commercial delinquency was due, not from the desire to get rich, as from the fear of getting poor. It was when a fortune accumulated was melting away that its owner was put on its trial. The great mis fortune was that during the last ten years there had been very little of steady business. People now seemed to fancy, and with some justice, perhaps, that legislation, if it had not much „to do with the causing of the existing state of things, might at all events have much mitigated the late frauds and scandals. The systems of laws which had principally been taken to task were the legislation with regard to limited liability, and that with respect to bank ruptcy. He strongly cautioned them against calling for remedies too strong, which might defeat their object. He regarded the doctrine of publicity as a sine qua, non in limited liability, and he thought that it should be still further extended ; but they could not have Government interference. They could not have a Government certifi cate to tell them that all was going on right, though they would be very glad to have it. One of the suggestions made to the committee of last year was that limited companies should not be allowed to trade until a certain amount of capital was paid up, or until all was paid up. Such a pro vision, he thouelit, could not work i n all cases. The re medies,shoud only he elthought,eet directorswere could the trust,shareholders and to sh rs our and notthtaekree should shares Nbvelletnhe they did not know y the A d s ire r c e : garded railways, it had been asked, should they have a Government auditor of accounts ? As affected the shareholders he said No ; as affected the general public, who were great'y interested in the . proper iie a mind t n b t o e tig a h n t c , e p s a s n iy the Yes. safe eworking p o t ! y B r n ay m s v , being prepared embodied the new principle of . the future acquired property of the debt or being appropriated for the-payment of his debts. If that principle were once adopted, they must then reconsider their whole ideas of bankruptcy, because the change was so great that every thing else would have to be remodelled. At present it Was punishment to the bankrupt to refuse an order of dis charge ; then it would be a punishment to the creditors, bgr,:oeientmuatuer change het property, roa i n t otgpl l i v ee o r uld keep the bankrupt from acquiring more property. He did not know of any more radical or strin tion. He had tt e hy ,r f a : t formerly do.rtefeim,s appropriationaiasttneleo,:ritie cchom bine en prevailed.er sopf responsibility their oidf e tazbatuv but he eecyo hadha dde nowrna o sihlitNyenet..thNhleetllif7tbe disgraceful system which l r i ci e ul t , l i k t + l i k igh s9 t n t l h e ey lati now aw i a v y / and some r h .s to ot be ead liableee the future each t must whetherdr,editor of in court, the ually, o a r na tt h i e th a e n, w i A bot under n f the jurisdiction ormed a minority of two in favour of the latter Y condition. 'hhoxgh out numbered then, he was glad to find that opinion changed, and that the principle of m a ki ng thea debtorince liable to the body of creditors only had been adopted the present bill. He would also advocate only a partia l a pp r opriation at a time, so as to encourage him t o go on and clear hims&f. It was important that commercial men should now make up their minds what they wanted, and be ready to define the direction in which they desired legislation. They must bear in mind, however, that no legislation could prevent panics. In conclusion, he hoped that the year 1868 would inaugurate a better state of thi4B.st ROMAN AFFAIRS, (From the Correspondent of the Westminster Gazette.) ROME, February 1. We have been called to lament this week the death of Mgr. de Witten, which occurred by inflammation of the lungs, on Sunday night. He was created Minister for Home I Affairs in October, 1863. He was much esteemed both in family and public life, and was only sixty-two, having been born in Rome in June, 1805. Had he lived longer, there is every probability he would have been raised to the purple. The funeral service took place on Tuesday at St. Maria, in Aquiro, his parish church, and the burial next evening at Sar Lorenzo, in Lucina, in the family vault. A long procession of Capuchin frati, headed by the clergy of the parish, came to fetch the body from the official residence in the Palace, on Monte Citolio. It was likewise at tended by a considerable file of sacconi. All who have lived in Rome are familiar with the sacconi —a eonfraternity of men chiefly of the best families in Rome, who unite to a special devotion to the Sacred Heart the practice of certain good works. One of these, which consists in going round to beg for the poor from house to house every Friday and Saturday, clothed in a sack cloth habit entirely covering the face and per son, with only two small holes opposite the eyes, and with bare feet, has made them familiar to all who have lived in Rome. Four of them carried the bier which was to receive the body of the illustrious deceased. The procession portico where, day by day of his whole -weary but patiently borne existence, St. Servolo, the paralytic, was wont to beg the charity of the faithful until he merited to hear the welcome* voice of the angel calling his spirit to its re ward, while his distorted form was laid to rest in a chapel erected within the sacred precincts in his honour, and subsequently signalized by many acts of healing. The cassa containing the relics of SS. Clement and Ignatius was borne on a bier by four principal Dominicans, of the Irish branch of the order, to whom this church was assigned by - Urban VIII. ; foremost among them being the Prior F. Malooly, to whose indefatigable and enlightened labours is due the invaluable discovery of the ancient fabric with its inte resting frescoes, and, above all, its priceless relics. Four bishops walked at the four cor ners of the shrine, and after them came Car dinals Barnabii, Reisach, Guidi, di Pitra, and others, while some Swiss guards and Irish Zouaves formed a guard of honour. In front marched a whole army of Dominicans, and then the choir and the serving boys flinging in cense to mingle with the sweet scent of the bay leaves with which the way was strewn. The excavated church was thrown open to' the piety of the faithful, and its rough masonry and pri mitive decorations presenteda strangely-pic turesque aspect by the light of hundreds of tapers. The relics were deposited in sight of the congregation, while the Te Deum was being sung, in a receptacle prepared for them under the high altar of the upper church, where an inscription on a porphyry tablet announces what are the contents; an open screen of stone work was placed before them, and a perpetual light set burning. While Vesuvius has been attracting a little stream of visitors into the stagnant hotels of poor Naples, and up to the present doing no more mischief than alarm to the neighbour ing villages, serious and fatal damage has occurred in the district of the town known as Pizzofalcone, where the • subterranean con vulsions occasioned a landslip and fall of a house on the evening of Tuesday, burying under the ruins an omnibus full of newly arrived visitors, a private carriage and a cart, which were passing at the time, as well as several persons occupying the ground floor. The number of victims is believed to be about sixty. The upper part was inhabited by a family of forestieri, on a visit to Naples for the health of a young boy of the party. They took warn ing from certain underground rumblings, and made their escape scarcely an hour before the catastrophe occurred. Great excitement has been caused, not only by the alarming nature of the calamity, but also because of the negli gence of the authorities as to attempts to recover those who might have been recovered from the debris, and still more for their not providing against it. Warning had already been given by cracks which had declared them selves in the wall some days previously, as well as by imunial difficulty in opening and closing the doors and windows, and profes sional men had pointed out the danger, yet no steps were taken to meet it, or even to stop the street traffic ; and it is noted that twenty , years ago, when a similar accident threat ened, the then Government averted it by securely shoring up the slope. This work has been allowed to fall into decay within the last two or three years, and even when warned by competent persons the Municipality were at no pains already been busy taking a view of the ruins to repair it. A ph oto g ra p her has for next week's Paris " Illustration." Several dioceses of France ke p t, on Tues day, according to annual custo m, the festival of St. Charlemagne, Emperor of the West—a celebration which, though it has never been condemned by the Church, she has yet always refused to extend to the who le Church ; nor could all the urgency of Napoleon I. obtain this concession. The Christian museum of the Vatican is thought to contain his authentic portrait. Raffael copied it into one of his Stanze, with this inscription : Carolus Magnus Romance Ecclesim ED Si s Clypensque. In the vestibule of St. Peter's, near the great entrance, may still be read the epitaph written by him on his friend Pope Adrian. was scarcely out of sight when the gay traffic of the Corso was stopped by another equally imposing, composed of a similar number of Capuchins and a large attendance of grey sacconi —the Confraternity of the S. Stigmata of St. Francis. This time it was the funeral of a humble stiratrice (a woman who does ironing The death of Mgr. de Witten is likely to be followed by other changes in the Ministry. Barone Costantini-Baldini, Minister of Public Works, who has been suffering from ill-health for several months past, is likely to resign, while the elevation of Mgr. Ferrari and Mgr. Berardi to the Cardinalate may leave vacant the Portfolio of Finance, and the post of Tinder- Secretary of State. A change in the War Office is also talked of. The recall of General de Failly, and of General de Proudhon, who has been assist ing in the direction of the fortification of Rome, has been made a ground of much animadversion against the Emperor Napoleon this week. It is said to prove a better under standing with the Italian Court than the lan gtiufya.ge held ti fohis ward s s u c t c h e e s s or,Holy M. S d e e e F w a o r u l e , d i, j i e u u s -. tenant-Colonel of Artillery, is an officer of lower grade, he is second to none in Catholic spirit, so the fitness of the appointment cannot be impeached on that most important ground. The Roman correspondent of certain French journals, too, has been amusing himself with giving circulation to an utterly unfounded re port of undue pressure said to be put upon the Pope by the Emperor, to induce him to make various Governmental changes quite out of proportion with the dimensions of his domi nions. He is said to be the tool of one who would enjoy nothing more than to see the harmony of the French and Papal Courts in terrupted. lam informed that it is by the same intermediary the Pall Mall Gazette has lately been supplied with some unworthy at tacks, which, however, I have not seen, on Papal .Zouaves. Apropos of the Zouaves, the corps seems every day more and more popular. The elder son of Prince Rospigliosi (brother of one who lately entered the dragoons), one of the most considerable of Roman titles, has just joined them. From Austria we have several recruits of good position, notwithstanding the discour acgoeumn e t n s t t o o f i h t e h r e g V h i a e of the house of Hohenlohe ; also Pri nce Iturbide, s n l na ate G ly ov a e r r ri nm ved en , a t n . d A a s p e ri e l li c cr e who lately refused a commission in the Aus trian army, signed his engagement this week as private soldier in the army of the Pope. Two young Counts Antonelli, nephews of the Cardinal Secretary of State, have likewise lately entered the dragoons. There was a great concourse at the Church ot the e occasion Sa n Holy P oFf i e a ttarhoe specialrin to linr a li i c nw o d l h i u 1 , 0 g o we n ne ncet Sunday, tthere to appointedt o o n p rt by a y for th his eTy h Those y who ,intention.up have n the e only urs seen eo t f h is their e church ir,, doing when ~ Rome, and have it opened at irregular hours through the medium of their courrier in order to see the famous Moses of Michael Angelo, or Guercino's St. Margaret, or Raffael's Spe ranza (when it was there), and have trod its waste of marble in solitude and silence, would have failed to recognize it this day, so trans formed was it by its festive aspect. Ido not remember any occasion on which it could be so seen, except its two great feasts in July and August, when not many forestieri are here ch to e, o r fe w o il i w t o n wa e se s d s. aby • sermon Benediction,i in the the which was perfor me d by th e P apa l evening Ch m oi u r s . bicy Th Pa e t. building seems unusually well adapted for rendering sound. The Chains of St. Peter, to enshrine which the church was built by the Empress Eudoxia, 442, were exposed in a side chapel, and were, during the whole day, the object of devout veneration ; at intervals they were borne round to be kissed, and so many persons pressed to avail themselves of the op portunity, that it was not easy to obtain access to them. The church was elaborately illumi nated and decorated, and with great effect. It was a sight for a picture, as one stood in the broad piazza at the close of the function, just as the shades of evening were gathering round, when the great west door was thrown open, giving egress to the venerable cardinal who had officiated at Benediction, and throwing a a stream of light on his flowing scarlet robes, against which were seen in relief the white collars of the serving boys, among whom, it was said, was young Mortara, each bearing a flambeau to light him to his carriage, while the masses of outpouring worshippers moved by in the shade framed in by the statue like guards. On Thursday the Holy Father granted an audience to a number of young persons enrolled in the Sodality of the Children of Mary. The same day was the first of a triduo preceding the Feast of St. Ignatius, celebrated with great splendour at the glorious old church of St. Clemente, one of the most ancient in Christendom, and occuping the site of the dwelling-house of the saint. Among the trea sures it was known to contain were the relics of SS. Clement, Ignatius and Cyril, but the record of the precise spot where they lay had been lost in the various vicissitudes the edifice had undergone. They were recovered during the late excavations ; an incident which assisted in their recognition being that some portion of the linen embalming cloths in which the remains of St. Ignatius were known (from a passage in St. Chrysostom) to have been sent to his diocese, translated back to Rome when Antioch was taken by the Saracens in 637. Before finally consigning the urn which contains them to its shrine under the high altar, it was borne solemnly in glad procession round the adjoining contrade, and thus, after a lapse of just 1760 years, the bones of the holy martyr, St. Ignatius, were brought back to the very spot in the neighbouring amphitheatre where the wild beasts, stayed in their sacrilegi ous repast, had been made to leave them to serve as a witness and a consolation to the generations yet to come. The fair blue sky canopied just such a scene of struggling mul titudes, who may have surged onward to gain a sight of the saint's martyrdom, as now were there to honour his triumph ; and, instead of cries of derision and contumely, there arose the sacred hymns of the Church, intoned by her bishops and princes. As the procession made its way back through the western door there might have been observed, like another link in the chain of the Church's saints, a crippled b eggar asking ' alms under the very THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 8, 1868. THE CAPTIVE 2RALV. (From the Round Table.) Mr. George Francis Train has managed to ge himself arrested at Queenstown, and is now, if we ocable being d " u e spa a t ces ' b a political prisoner on active member of the A mer i ca n wing of the Fenian organization." Ho w ma y t the trust charge Mr. Train has contrived to bring this about we can only guess. Possibly he caused information of his dangerous approach to be privately conveyed to the British Home-office, so that on the arrival of the Scotia the thing could be done in the most brilliant and effective style. The coup in any case is cer tainly in the distinguished prisoner's best vein, and he is no doubt quite enchanted with its successful consummation. Imagine Train's delight on being incarcerated, a martyr to liberty, in the Tower of London 1 the famous pile whereupon another effu sive young American lately threatened to plant the starry banner of this country. Fancy the mareria for future and interminable "gawps over the roofs of mankind" that Train will collect from this, the finest and most characteristic advertisement that even his inventive genius has yet devised ! The idea suggests to us the probable motive which lel the English authorities to listen to the project for arresting Train upon his arrival at Queenstown. 'Are believe that reason to have been that they didn't want to hear any more of his speeches. We must remember that Train on his previous visits to England has been remarkably troublesome ; and that his never-ending and nonsensical speeches, letters, and pamphlets became a very seri ous nuisance. Englishmen had probably no objection to the man's making himself—or, so far as he could, his country—ridiculous ; but they de cidedly objected to their being bored by him. To prevent a repetition of this appalling business, they have apparently thought it a good move to shunt Train off by simply shutting him up. We think they have committed a grave error, for more rea sons than one. In the first place, we fear that their main object will be defeated. Tempting and facile as was the line of defence that they have adopted, it has a prime defect in being only temporary. Sooner or later they must let Train out, and then what Britisher or Yankee either shall ever stop him, and when, and how ? Ilis craze for notoriety, greater than was even that of the aspiring youth who fired the Ephesian dome, will burstforth with more fury than ever ; his endless yaWPS of interjectional spread-eagleism, bombast, and conceit will so stun the universal ear that everybody everywhere— Americans, Englishmen, Fenians, and all—will rue the hour that ever Train was born, or that, being born, any one was ever idiotic enough to be cajoled into sowing the seeds of an independent future of blathering folly by locking him up. But, apart from this consideration, which is in some respects of supreme practical importance, the English Government is ill-advised in the mat' er, for the reason that its course is totally unjustified by international law. No possible act committed by Mr. Train in this country and no imputed inten tion makes him amenable to British law. The officers of the Crown may have ample evidence of his complicity with the designs of the Fenians, and such evidence may even have been furnished, as we have suggested, on the best authority, but this Js not enough to warrant Mr. Train's trial, and not even his arrest. Such justification could be found alone in an overt act committed on Bri tish soil ; and if the authorities felt confident of their captive's intentions, a detective or two would soon have supplied a legal basis for the action thus prematurely taken. As to Mr. Train's being a Fenian, we really see no reason why he should not be one. Indeed, we see several good reasons why he should be one. We might differ with him, and those who think with him, in sundry minutiae of ways and means and probabilities ; but we main tain stoutly that Mr. Train has a right to be a Fenian if he likes, and that the British Govern ment has no right to shut him up in the Tower of Loy don as a penalty, however atrocious they may think his crime. Reflection, in truth, makes this so .clear that we are led to wonder that the British Ilocm-office failed to see it. And here the ques tion naturally arises, Did they, after all, fail to see it ? Tut other words, is the Cable report trust- Nl'orthy ? Perhaps we ought to be sorry to say that we fear not. It is so much more likely that those who would earnestly wish to embroil the two Go vern' ents on precisely such an issue should pro mulgal Le an easy misinterpretation of a common occurrence, than the English Government khould just no , w provoke us by a flagrant breach of inter nations 1 law, that we really feel obliged to dis credit the current version of the whole affair. It is prob. Illy true that Mr. Train was arrested at Queens town, as the Cable alleges ; but, as he has been on British soil before, when he was not a Fenian? imagination need not range to hit upon a solution, of the problem in which Fenianism, past or pros oective, has no share. Should this latter explanation—which delicacy forbids'our more than hinting at—unhappily prove an incorrect one, and the original assertion of the wires be verified ; if, indeed, the British Lion has dared to lay his sacrilegious paw upon that credit to his country and to civilization, the patriot Train —it should be understood at once that we, for one, will not be held back. We shall insist upon the fullest apolf)gies and the most complete reparation for a wrong whose memory should otherwise be washed out in blood. We shall shriek in unison, with the Steru Bird that symbolizes our aspiring nationality for sacrificial expiation. The idea of an American like the noble and disinterested Train —an American who never harmed anybody or thing save the Queen's (or the military dictator's) English and his own reputation for sanity—being thrust in durance vile for the (to haughty despots) atrocious crime of daring to think for himself, we refuse to tolerate for a single moment. Let two special envoys—we suggest, passim, the names of Brick Pomeroy and the Count Joannes—be at once despatched to St. James's with instructions to de mand the instant enlargement of the captive Train! An autocratic and irrevocable ukase. Let perfidious Albion tremble and obey. IRELAND. No wonder doctors differ when the science they profess is wrapped in such obscurity. But, it is a wonder when the facts regarding a country con taining five millions of inhabitants, and lying within a few hundred miles of London, should be disputed by good authorities. His Eminence Car dinal Cullen, in a political pastoral read last Sun day, thus writes of Ireland :—" Our poor country has been reduced to a state of the greatest misery and destitution. Our towns and cities are filled with poor men, women, and children, half-starved, without shoes or stockings, or proper clothing to preserve them from the snows and frosts of winter. More squalid poverty of this kind is to be seen in Dublin alone, than in all the great cities of France, Austria, or Spain. The country has lost more than 3,000,000 of inhabitants, who have been obliged to brave the dangers of the wide Atlantic in order to save themselves and families from starvation. About 400,000 cottages of the poor have been levelled to the ground lest they should ever again afford shelter to their former inmates. Many villages have been completely destroyed, and several towns, once busy and prosperous, are now almost abandoned and falling into ruin." This is the opinion of the highest ecclesastical authority recognized by the great body of the people. On Tuesday the Pall Mall Gazette published " A few Facts about Ireland," which went directly to con tradict the Cardinal's statement. One statistical fact only, and that more apparent than real, bears out his allegation, " the total acreage under crops of all kinds, though larger than in 1847, has dropped since 1860 from 5,970,000 to 5,460,000 in 1867, or about 81- per cent. All other figures, with scarcely an exception, point in an exactly opposite direction. First of all, if less land is cultivated, the cultivation would seem to be better, and the yield to be larger, for the total value of " enume rated crops," which averaged £25,000,000 in 1860 and 1861, reached £28,300,000 in 1865 and 1866. The annual average value of all crops in the last three years has exceeded £30,000,000. Next, agri culture appears to have been directed to the channel for which Ireland is best adapted, and which will always there yield the largest returns. The live stock of farmers and cottiers is increasing steadily both in number and in value. The number of cattle has risen from 2,600,000 in 1847, and from 3,470,000 in 1861, to 3,700,000 in 1867 ; sheep, from 2,186,000 in 1817, and 3,556,000 in 1861, to 4,826,000 in 1867. Yids and poultry have also doubled their numbers. The total value of live stock, which in 1851 was £28,000,000, has increased as follows :-1861, £33,400,000; 1864, £38,270,000 ; 1865, £41,278,000 ; 1866, £15,440,000." And prices have risen even more than produce. The statistics for manufactures are not favourable in full, but those accessible point to a similar result. The chief is linen, of which the exports reached £6,292,000 in 1862, £8,081,000 in 1863, and 110,227,000 in 1864. Railways, too, offer a fair measure of the general prosperity of a country ; their traffic represents business done, and to a great deft gree labour employed and paid. The aggregate re ceipts of Irish railways have risen from half a mil lion in 1851, and nearly a million and a half in 1861, to nearly a million and three quarters in 1865, and the increase is regular and continuous. To meet any ob jection on the score that such figures include only certain classes, wages are adverted to, which have risen from 50 to 80 per cent. since the famine, and are still rising. The people are better housed, the dwellings are classed under four heads : the lowest comprising wretched mud cabins with only one room, the third also built of mud of a better de scription, and with more rooms. The following is the table : NUMBER OF FAMILIES IN EACII CLASS. 1841. 1851. 1861. First Class.-- 31,333 Second Class— 241,664 Third Class Fourth Class... 625,356 1,172,739 1,204,319 1,128,300 Crime, again, is diminishing steadily. The pro portion of convictions at assizes and quarter ses sions to the population before 1850 used to be about 1 in 500 ; the last three years it has been lin 2,000. The committals—perhaps a surer indi cation of the offences actually committed—have gradually dropped from 6,666 in 1862 to 4,326 in 1866. Pauperism certainly is a test of the con dition of a people. Well, the total number re lieved in Ireland has not only fallen off two-thirds since 1851, but even in the last four years, which we are told have been years of so much distress, has steadily decreased, as follows :-1863, 317,624; 1864, 295,835 ; 1865, 288,996 ; 1866, 270,173. Finally, emigration, which some point to as the effect, the proof, and the measure of Irish destitu tion, has decreased, and is decreasing regularly (the return for 1867 is calculated on the ascertained numbers in the first seven months of the year) :- 1863, 117,229 ; 1864, 114,169 ; 1865, 101,497 ; 1866, 99,467 ; 1867, 72,200." The Dublin corre spondent of the Times states, in reply to his Emi nence, that a case of death from starvation has not occurred since the famine year, and such a calamity would now be hardly possible. Our readers may remember that not many weeks ago the case of a family, one member of which was lying dead of starvation in a London lodging-house, the others being at their last gasp, was reported in the metropolis of the empire, and was too common an occurrence to excite much attention. Even in the great country of land and food for all, a case lately carne to light in the Empire City, in which the widow of a well-known actor had taken poison herself and administered it to her family, to escape the horrors of starvation. Of Dublin the correspon dent writes :—" To those who resided in it and watched its steady growth, the wide extension of its area, the enormous expansion of its trade, the revival of old industries and the opening of new sources of employment, the transformation of its leading streets from dilapidation and unsightli ness to architectural elegance and splendour, the vast number of handsome residences that have sprung up, the increase of rents, and the mani , fest signs of increased luxury and comforts which are to be seen—all these circumstances ex hibit a striking and most gratifying contrast." The Cardinal condemns Fenianism, which he con siders to be as bad as Freemasonry ! What will the great brotherhood, whose first member was Adam, say to this ? It is clear his Eminence knows no more of Masonry than the Pope could tell him. Of the Fenians he says :—" To fill the cup of our evils to overflowing, some misguided men, deceived by wicked and designing knaves, are endeavouring to excite our people to resistance to the laws and to contempt for authority, to alienate them from the practices of religion, and to initiate them in Fenian secret societies, where they are at the mercy of spies and informers, subjected to the same spiritual pen alties as Freemasons, and cut of as rotten branches from the Church. Considering this sad state of things, afflicting as it is to the heart of every one who loves his country, I exhort you, as I have frequently clone before, to be on your guard against all those who would drive you into deeds of 'violence or resistance to authority. They are most dangerous enemies, and were you to listen to their advice you would bring ruin on yourselves and your families, and expose your immortal souls to eternal perdition." He ex horts them to use all lawful and constitutional means " to obtain redress of the many grievances which they suffer, and to secure to the Catholics of Ire land, so long persecuted, perfect equality with every other class of her Majesty's subjects." He advises them to elect members of Parliament able and wil ling to defend their rights, " to apply to.the Legis lature for the disendowment of the Protestant Esta blishment and for freedom of education, and peti tion for a law to regulate the relations between landlord and tenant, so that the fruits of their capi tal and labour may be secured to the agricultural classes." The Cardinal makes mere assertions, — the Pall Mall Gazette gives figures. If the journal be wrong and the Cardinal right it ought to be easily shown, and we believe the mass of unpreju diced people will attach more weight to the Gazette's figures than to the Prelate's hackneyed declaration. FRENCH 7 AAA TION THREE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. Taxes were imposed upon no regular plan, and whatever arrangement was made, it was liable to be broken through by the " good pleasure" of the king. This was especially the case in the reign of Francis 1., whose subjects, when groaning under oppressive charges of Mines, taillons, aides, subsides, ingults, and gabelle, looked back and longed for the good old times of Louis XII. Francis squandered his income in the most reckless manner ; everybody plundered the national exchequer, especially his favourites and mistresses. So great were' the ex- penses of the marriage (the notes salees) of his niece Joan of Albret with the Duke of Cleves in 1541, that to make up the deficiency he not only extended the gabelle, or salt tax, to several of the southern provinces, but doubled it in those where it already existed, expecting that the returns would be doubled also. In this he was disappointed, and new sources of revenue had to be invented. The coinage was debased, raising the value of the silver mark from £165 to £lB5 ; a multitude of offices was created, all to be had for money; judgeships were made venal, lotteries were established, additional de'cimes imposed on the clergy ; the churches were robbed of their ornaments of gold, silver, and precious gems; loans were raised by means of rentes or stock offered for sale at the Hotel de Ville of Paris, and the citizens were expected to become purchasers. Eight score thousand crowns were thus borrowed au denier donze ; that is to say, 8 1-3 d per cent. The superintendents of finance were bound to pro cure money, even if they had to borrow it on their own security ; and, when all other means failed, and a large sum was wanted instantly for some royal caprice or some new mistress, a financier was hanged and his property confiscated. Such measures neces sarily discontented everybody and profited none but a few persons at Court ; yet by some means or other Francis I. contrived to leave four millions of livres in the treasury, which Henry 11., aided by Diana of Poitiers, soon squandered. The new King took one important step towards financial accountability, by dividing the kingdom into 17 i generalites, each of which was farmed at a very high rate. Under his two successors, the Government speculated in French vanity by making titles o, nobility purchasable. Pasquier thought this an " inexhaustible" source of supply, but it does not appear to have brought any large return to the treasury. The " deficit" became periodical, and to fill up the gulf the taxes (especially the gabelle) were augmented, financiers were prosecuted and heavily mulcted, many useless offices were created on purpose to be sold, and new loans were contracted. Among other devices—all of them very startling to a modern chancellor of the exchequer—was a pro posal to appoint 13,000 sergens, or baillies. Pas quier hopes this will not be done, for "it would eclipse the memory of the 11,000 devils spoken of in the time of our grandfathers." The taxation fell very heavily on the tiers etat, and particularly upon the agricultural classes. The townspeople, the bourgeoisie, were to sonic degree protected by char ters and privileges, and had an organisation of their own by which the taxes were levied. They were exempt from foreign garrisons, elected their own officers (with the exception of the provost of the merchants), enrolled a citizen guard, and had the right to barricade the streets and shut their gates, even against the King. No charters or securities guaranteed the peasant from injustice. Michieli, writing in 1561, describes the oppression in some provinces (especially iu Normandy and Picardy) as so excessive that the peasantry were forced to aban don the country. The burdens were the more severe and invidious that, while the seigneurs mercilessly exacted their rents, dues, corvees, customs, &c., they contributed nothing to the State beyond what they gave of their freewill as a gift. Clergy, nobility, soldiers, members of the King's household and of the High Courts of Parliament, schoolmasters, officers of finance, free cities (vales de franchise), like Paris, and noble cities (vales nobles), like Troyes, were all exempt ; not that they did not contribute to the revenue, but only so much as they chose to assess themselves. In the reign of Francis I. the French clergy, with the consent of the Pope, agreed to pay a decinze, or 1-10th of their revenue, which in the next reign was doubled. At Poissy, in 1561, they entered into an arrangement to pay 160,000 livres annually, on condition of their future exemp tion from all other taxes. Considering that they pOssessed about one-third of the landed and house property of France, this was but a small contribu tion to the necessities of the Crown. The yearly rental of the whole kingdom has been estimated, on what are indeed very vague data, to have amounted to fifteen millions of crowns, of which six belonged to the clergy and one and a half to the King. The exports of corn, wine, salt, and wood were valued at twelve millions of francs, more than Spain re ceived from her mines of Mexico and Peru.— White's " Massacre of St. Bartholomew." STATISTICS OF RECONSTRUCTION.—The following table of registered and actual voters in the Southern Con vention elections furnishes data for interesting compari- sous; -- Registration, Vote i o o n n , ICBo6ni. presidential Aggregate 1867 v State. White. Black. For. Against. vote,lB6o. Virginia 116,982 104,772 107,342 61,887 115,257 N. Carolina 103,060 71,657 90,000 40,000 96,230 S. Carolina 47,010 80,286 69,006 2,081 Georgia 95,303 93,458 102,283 4,127 116,367 Florida 11,148 15,431 14,250 253 14,347 Alabama 74,450 90,350 90,238 5,628 90,357 Louisiana 45,199 84,431 75,083 4,006 50,510 Texas Mississippi 48,926 88,925 67,739 6,277 69,090 Arkansas 31,047 21,207 27,576 13,558 54,053 Total... 631,791 697,950 575,202 130,862 668,866 It appears that of the 1,329,741 voters of both colours re gistered only 70,061 voted. Those neglecting to vote numbered 621,677, or but 7,111 less than the white regis tration. As the negroes generally voted, the white vote must have been very light in every State. The registered white vote was but 37,075 less than the aggregate presi dent'al vote in 1860, and as 50,000 at least were refused registration, and a still larger number failed to apply for it, the white voters of the South have held their own wonder fully, in spite of the losses of the war. It will be noticed that the whites have registered majorities in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Texas, and Arkansas. In the other five States the negroes are dominant.-41* field Republican. The amount paid for Russian America is abOut 2 cents for each acre contained in the ceded territory. MERCANTILE SHIP NEWS. GRAVESEND, January 30.—Sailed, the Thomas Dunham, for New York. LIVERPOOL, Jan. 30. —The Joshua Lor ing, arrived here from Mobile, reports that on Jan. 8, in lat. 36 N., long. 50 W., she passed the wreck of a water logged and abandoned brig schooner with foremast gone and nearly level with the water, apparently American built, and of about 250 tons, painted black, head board painted yellow, and with "Sissilia, of Palermo," painted on her stern in white letters. LIVERPOOL, Jan. 31.—Arrived, the William Reed, from New Orleans; the Liverpool, from Charleston ; the Charles Henry, from New Orleans; the Rosebud from St. John's, Newfoundland ; the Tonawanda, from Philadelphia. NEWPORT, Jan. 22—Sailed, the Seaman, from Mobile; and the Myrtle, for New York. LIVERPOOL, Feb. I.—Sailed, Palmyra, steamship, for New York; the City of New York, for Halifax. PLYMOUTH, Jan.3l. —Arrived, the Eliza Young, from Philadelphia. QUEENSTOWN, Jan. 30.—Arrived, the Denmark, s.s., from Liverpool, and left on the 31st ult. for Now York ; the Harmonides, and the Prince of Wales, from Callao. LIVERPOOL, Pel2. I.—The Wassella, from New Orleans to this port, which went ashore at Baimouth Jan. 24, has gone to pieces. DOVER, Feb. 3.—Arrived, the C. A. Far well, and the Explorer, from San Francisco; the Wal lace, from Mobile ; the Monteagle, from Baltimore. HARWICH, Feb. 2.—Arrived, the Alert, from Charlestown. QUEENSTOWN, Feb. 2.—Arrived, the City of Washington, screw steamer, from Liverpool, and left for Halifax, N.S. ; the Palmyra, screw steamer, from Liverpool, and left for New York ; and the Persia, steamer, from New York, and left for Liverpool. Sailed, the Minnesota, and the Denmark, screw steamers, for New York. NEW YORK, Jan. 22. —The Mongolia, New Orleans to Liver pool, has put back to South-West Pass. CusloM-HotsE, Feb. 3.—Vessels Entered lnwards.—The Bellona, from New York ; the Romaine, frcm Philadelphia ; the Herald, from Baltimore; the Sir Robert Peel, from New York. En tered Outwards.—The Sir Robert Peel, for New York ; the Bellow), for New York. Cleared Outwards with Cargo.—The Criterion,from Boston,U.S.(second clearance.) GRAVESEND, Feb. 4.—Sailed: The Criterion for Boston. LivmtrooL, Feb. 4.—Arrived, the Vanguard, from San Francisco. Sailed, the Tripoli, screw steamer, for Boston. COWES, Feb. 3.—Arrived the Bremen, screw steamer, from New York, and left for Bremen ; on freight, 147,494 dollars for England. Orr THE FASTNETT, Feb. 4—Arrived, the Pennsylvania, steamer, from New York. OFF CROOKHAVEN, Feb. 4 —Arrived, the City of Boston, screw steamer, from New York, left on the 25th. GUERNSEY, Feb. I—The following are further particulars with respect to the wreckage reported por electric telegraph as having been picked up on the coast here. The figure-head is in very good con dition ; it is almost nude, and ha.. 3 a green skirt and waistband, with g:lt stars thereon. The other wreckage consists of a mast, something like a mizen or small mainmast, a portion of a ship's stern or deck, and part of two larger masts, with the iron work attached hardly rusted, and some parts of it, in fact, looking quite new. Tho wreckage appears to have come from a low-class ship, the timber being very bad, and the whole of the fastenings of iron ; and it is considered that the oak is North American white. It is thought that the figurehead and papers do not come from the same ship as the other portions of the wreckage. CUXHAVEN, February I.—Tho ./Eolus, from Philadelphia to Hamburg, which was aground off Ottendorf on the 30th of January, has been assisted off after lightening, and has proceeded for her destination. CUSTOM HOUSE, February 4.—Cleared out in ballast, the Jessamine, for Mobile and New Orleans. Vessel spoken with. —The Enoch Tran, San Francisco to Liverpool, Dec. 7, lat. 38 S, long. 34 W. LIVERPOOL, Feb. 3.—Sailed, the Tripoli, screw steamer, for New York. Feb. s.—Arrived, the City of Boston, screw steamer, and the Arkwright, from New York; the Orion, the Randolph, and the Knows ley, from San Francisco ; the Orient, from West Coast, South America ; the Arrio, from New Orleans ; the James Foster, from Now York. Sailed, the City of Baltimore, steamer, and tho Manhattan, steamer, for New York. FALMOUTH, Feb. 4.—Sailed, the Belle Todhnuter, for New Orleans. NEWPORT, Feb. 3.—Arrived, the City of Montreal, from London for New York. NEW YORE., Jan 23. The crew of the C. R. C., British barque, arrived at Rio Janeiro Dec. 18, their vessel having foundered at sea. The J. E. Woodworth, from Windsor, United States, to this port, ashore at Nantucket, is being stripped, and will be sold as she lies. PORTLAND (U.S.), Jan. 25.—The master and crew of the N. Mosher, of Windsor, N.S., Liverpool to Boston, were taken off their vessel in an exhausted condition, January 23, in lat. 43 N., long. 65 W., and have been landed here by the Belgian, steamer. BALTIMORE, Jan. 24. —The Annie, barque, hence to Queenstown, went ashore about twenty miles below this city last night, was in tow, and had a pilot on board, but got caught in a field of ice which has now broken up in the bay. She went on at high tide, and has a list to starhoard, but does not leak. A powerful steamer capable of lightening her of 200 tons, with a number of men, has been sent down to her. VESSELS SPOKEN WITH.—The Eugenie, London to Boston, Jan. 15, lat. 49 N., long. 25 W. ; The Wm. Fenwick, Liverpool to Savannah, Jan. 4, 32 miles off Scilly ; the Johannes, Liverpool to New York, lat. 37 N., long 72 W. ; the Woodland, San Francisco to-Queenstown, Dec. 1, lat. 54 S., long. 61 W. ; the Thrucian, Callao to Queenstown, Dec. 28, lat. 15 S., long. 22 W. DEAL, Feb. 6. —Arrived, the Udine, from Baltimore, for Bremen. LIVERPOOL, Feb. 6.—The Ida Lilly, New York to Queenstown, was spoken with mix:mm:lst gone and damaged about the docks, Jan. 29, in lat. 46 N., long., 24 W., by the Golconda, arrived here. VESSELS SPOKEN WITH—Tile William Fenwick, Liver pool to Savannah, Jan. 4, 32 miles off Sicily ; the Johannes, Liverpool to New York, lat. 37 N, long. 72 W ; the Eugenie, London to Boston, Jan. 15, lat. 49 N, long. 25 W ; the British Crown, Callao to Queenstown, Jan. 21, lat. 22 S, long. 22 W ; the Homeward Bound Americas barque, Dec. 13, lat. 57 S, long. 71 W ; the Colonel Adams, Callao to Queenstown, Dec. 15, lat. 53 S, long, 59 W. Foreign Mail Packet List, ;,MAILS DUE. tustralia and New Zealand, via E. , outhamptor...... Feb. 19. Ditto, via Marseilles .........Feb. 13. Ditto, via Panama 3razil, Buenos Ayres, and Monte Video Marzh 5. Ditto, by lerenoti packet Cape Verde. by Brazil packet March 5. ,ape of Good Elope. Ascension. and St. lielena Feb. 27 %init. Penang. and Singapore, via Southampton Feb. 19. Ditto, via Marseilles Faikland Islands March 5. 3ribraltar, via Southampton Feb 13. india, via Southampton Ditto, via Marseil es alalta, Egypt, &c• Feb. 19. Ditto, Marseilles... Feb... 13. Ilauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Natal, via Southampton Feb. 19. Mareebles Feb. 13 Sewtoundlat d ...... ..... ..... . ..... Feb. 12 Portugal March 5 . Ditto, by pr to ship to Oporto . Ditto i.tto to Lisbon United States, t anada, California, &c., by British packet Ditto, by L sited Statea packet Ditto ditto New York) Ditto ditto 'N,:w York) Ditto ditt (. (Baltimore) . Ditto, by Canadian packet Feb. 14. West Coast of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ..... , Feb. id• West Indies and Pa4lic (except Mexico and Baha mas) Cuba and Mexico „ ..Fe b. 23. Bahamas, via New 1 4 ).: , > Bermuda, via Halifax . [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Pills.—English winters are deleterious, inasmuch as the sudden changes, frequen t fogs, and pervading dampness sorely impede the Vit t° functions and conduct to ill-health. The remedy for thi s disaster lies in some purifying medicine like these P ills ' which is competent to grapple with the mischief at its source, and stamp it out without fretting the nerves or weakening the system. Holloway's pills extract front the blood all noxious matters, regulate the action of every dis ordered organ, stimulate the liver and kidneys, and re lo the bowels. In curing chest complaints these pills are re markably effective, ,especially when aided by friction of the ointment on its wales ; this double treatment will sure a certain, steady, and beneficent progress. Births. COLTMAN - On the 7th inst., at 24, Hyde-park-gate 800, the wife of Francis Coltman, Esq., of a son. TRENCH—On the 2d inst., at The Villa, Galway, the Ladi Anne Trench, of a son. UNDERWOOD—On the 6th inst., at Somerby Hall. ne sr Brigg, the wife of W. H. Underwood, Esq., of a sou. Marriages. COVIL —BLAKE —On the 6th inst., at Southsea, James Covil, jun., of Woolwich, to Maria Louisa, t eldest daughter of George Blake, Esq., of Southsea• WALDRoN —SEAR —On the 6th inst., at Kensington ' T h° ... " Aston Waldron, Esq., of Belbroughton House Kensington, bridge, to Judith Ann Sear, eldest daughter of Ar• Sear, Esq., of Devon. Deaths. FREESE —On the 7th inst., at Brighton, Philip CopriLa Freese, of Lower Clayton, aged 76. , r po te • GitoommunoE—On the 6th iust , Itingstead Croydon, Surrey, Henry Groonib . ridge, of 5, Pat eraos row, aged 48. „ fo HORN—On the sth inst., at Hackney, Rob.3rt S. It° l*-) 7 and 8, Bread-street, city, aged 45. PEACHEY —On the 6th lust., suddenly, at H o rnsey - ll y e : John Peachey, Esq., of Frederick's - pla ce, Old Pl' solicitor, aged 61. 11 1 1 9. TONGUE —0 n the sth inst., at Teignmouth , Devon, Tongue, Esq., aged 75. di T . WHITE—On the sth inst., at 45 , Maddox-street, DO White, aged 62 _ London : Printed and Published by WiLLIA.II AN No jig of No. 112, Strand, Priutor, at Tan SUN ODIC% County Strand, in the Precinct of the Se voy, in the Aliddleaol.--g+aturclay, February 8, 1868.