The Sun. — London, England, 1851-09-13 00:00:00

MAZZINI ON OUR RELIGIOUS QUAR REL S. The following essay, prefixed by Mazzini to a re publication of some of his political writings, is im portant at the present day, as speaking the opinions and showing the tendencies of a large number of Italians at the present time : When young Italy raised her banner, now nearly twenty years ago, two elements predominated in Italy : superstition and materialism. Superstition was the habit of a part of the population, to which all light, all education was forbidden, which was led astray by a traditional religious sentiment conceived in the narrowest spirit, and which, deprived of every motive of action, of all consciousness of the true life of citizens, clung with a kind of despair to a heaven little understood. Materialism was the natural reac tion of those who had been able to emancipate them selves from the abject spectacle which religion offered, from the brutal yoke that it was wished to impose upon their intelligence. It was said to them, Believe all that we affirm :" they replied by deny ing all. Luther compared the human mind to a drunken peasant upon horseback, leaning over on one side, and who falls on the other, when you seek to set him upright. Many peoples have passed through a similar expe rience. Young Italy rejected at once and equally materialism and superstition. It declared that in order to acquire strength necessary to become a nation, Italy must emancipate herself at the same time from the old Catholic belief, and from the ma terialism of the eighteenth century. The first gave a pretended divine sanction to immobility ; the second dried up the sources of faith, and must necessarily end in destroying the idea of duty, and in leaving nothing for the object of human worship but right and enjoyment. We wished to march with the world, as is the will of God, the life eternal. We did trot wish to combat in order to conquer the satis faction of certain appetites, panem et circenses, but for something more elevated--the dignity, the sacred liberty of the human soul, its development in love, a mission upon earth for our own and fur our brethren's good. It is not for me to give here an exposition of the complete doctrines of young Italy ; but I hold it im potant to prove, that our language to-day is the same as at of twenty years ago. We have never deviated from it. Now as tnen, my predominating idea, and the vital thought of all our labours, is this : a fatal separa tion has been established between religious and political belief, between heaven and earth ; this is why we wander groping from one crisis to another, from conuvlsive movement to convulsive movement ; without succeeding, without finding peace. It is necessary to re-unite earth to heaven, politics to the eternal principles which should direct them ; nothing great or durable can be done without that. God, Religion ; the People, Liberty in Love : these two words, which es individuals we inscribed on our ban ner in 1831, and which a fterwards —significant phee not:ileums—became the formula of all the decrees of Venice and of Rome, sum up all for which we have combatted, all for which we will combat under vic tory. The people of Italy instinctively compre hended this idea. Young Italy became rapidly powerful. A gradual transformation was effected in a portion of its enlightened youth ; which became, I will not say the most devoted, but the most constant in devotion, to their country. Two or three years of struagle and suffering suffice to exhaust the strength when the inspiring sentiment is only one of reaction, of indignation against oppression : n whole life is not too much for a realisation of a thought which seeks to reunite earth to heaven. Tee party which in Italy has assumed the title of moderate came across our path. Imbued with a badly-disguised materialism, springing up in the shadow of courts which have no other faith than that of power at any price, this party has no belief, it has only opinions. Adopting and abandoning them with the same ease, it accommodates itself to everything in turns ; princes, republics, concessions, popular in surrections, truth, and falsehood. It creates nothing ; it eannot create anything; it seeks strength, mate rial strength, and worships it wherever it may be found, and whatever name it may bear. It has called itself opportuniste. At the present time it is warring against the priests in Piedmont, for the service of royalty ; it would do the same thing to ,morrow against princes, in the name of the Pope, should the Pope reeommeece a career of concessions. In reality, the " moderates" believe neither in princes nor in the Pope, nor in the people; they believe in their own coterie, in their small con ceptions, in their personal influence. They have neither a grand idea nor a great sentiment. They consequently follow, Akio net initiate. When Charles Albert, whom they despised, manifested a weak ambition, which ap peared to them capeble of serving their designs, they proclaimed him the first man of Italy. When Pius IX., in whom as Pope they doniet believe, appeared under a semblance of liberalism, they wrote volumes to prove that Papacy was to regenerate the whole world. And now, even since the affairs of Rome, they do not dream of saying to the Pope—You are a falsehood— descend : they venture only to combat his temporal authority; but prostrate themselves at the same tune, hypocritically, before the spiritual authority of the father of believers. What can Italy or the world hope the from such men or from such a policy ? This policy has come to us from Machiavelli. Bit. with Machiavelli it was not theory, but history. He lived io a period of ruin and dissolution ; liberty had perished everwhere ; the last spark was being extingujohed in Florence; the Pope and the Emperor having at last coalesced, after their struggle of ages, had vowed to spread darkness over all Italy. Corruption had descended from courts of the middle ranks of society. Cramped by the iron hand of the foreigner, the national genius was gra dually disappearing, and the efforts of the giant Michael Angelo and his great contemporaries ap peared only likely to result in immobilising it in stone or on the qpnvas, by raising to it a magnificent monument,Trhich might serve it for a tomb. Military valour no longer served as a buckler to a free state ; it extObitedAteself in the chiefs of bands, without country, widaout faith, who sold their talents and their soldiers to the highest bidder. Poor Machiavelli, after having en deavoured to struggle, after having in his own person protested in prison, and under torture, seated himself in sorrow upon this great ruin, and described after the manner of an epitaph the causes which had occa sioned it. He used the scalpel of the anatomist upon the corpse, and made of his books a long report of his work of dissection. And now, these men would in scribe the device of death upon the cradle of a new life. After more than three centuries of that latent renovating transformation, which men call death or sleep, Italy is breaking the stone of her tomb, stir ring in all her Limbs, making of her winding sheet a banner of insurrection ; and instead of bending the knee before a nation's awakening, instead of crying to it in enthusiasm, in the nanra of God and the people, " strengthen thyself for a supreme effort, and arise," they come coldly and -pedantically to read it a chapter of Machiavelli. Oh ! that it had at least been that one in which he says to his diSuntry, "Thou wilt never again have life, except 1r unity; and thou wilt never have unity, except by abolishing the Papacy." But they dare not. They woad steal, unperceived, some fragments of liberty, without teaching to the people the knowledge of them or the right to them; they wage a petty war, which will have a speedy end, against the priests, without daring to go to the source of the corruption of the priests ; without daring to say aloud—Liberty is the right aril the duty of the human soul ; he who pre tends to enslave the conscience must desire to en chain the body. Strange, that this is the party which II England, in this ancient l an d o f lib er t y an d o f good sudase, finds favour ; whilst the popular party—the logical party—the openly and honestly emancipatory party, is coldly reeeived. A few vain good wishes, and a number of injurious suspicions, behold all the part that England has as yet borne in a ques ti on which is pregnant with the liberty of the world—the Italian question. The cause, I say it here frankly, and at once—is, that the religious sentiment is ex piring in England, and that, whilst the form re mains intact, the foundation is being undermined and corrupted. The unity of the religious principle of the Reformation has disappeared. The divorce of which I spoke above, between earth and heaven, has been accomplished in England as elsewhere ; and it is because this separation has taken place, that Ca tholicism gains ground upon Protestantism. Let me explain my thought. A mighty question is now being agitated in Europe between two prindiples which have divided the world since its filiation; and these two principles are liberty and authority, The human mind desires to progress according to its own light, not by favour of concession, but by virtue of the law of its own life. Authority says to it : Rest where thou art ; I alone strike the hour of the march ; when I am silent everything should rest ; for all progress which is accomplished with oat me and beyond m e is impious. The human mind interrogates itself: it feels its own right and power ; it find that the germ of progress is in itself, that strength and right come to it from God, and not from an intermediate power coming between i fse if a nd God, as if charged to lead it. Hence springs revolt and resistance, and hence the anomalous situation of Europe. The conscience of the human race is struggling with tradition, which doges to enchain it; the future and the past dispute far the collective life of humanity, and for that of the individual. Every man who in these struggles, ever stifled yet ever re-appearing, in this series of manifes tations and violent repressions which have constituted European history ;or two-thirds of a century, gees only the action of some turbulent factions, or the result of some accidental or material causes, as a deficit, a famine, a secret conspi racy or cabinet intrigue, understands nothing of the facts of history, nothing of the laws of which, by those facts, history becomes the expression. And he THE SUN, who in the great questions of the suffrage, of prole tarian emancipation, and of nationality, sees nothing but the subjects of political discussion, having no connexion with the religious idea, with the providen tial development of humanity, understands neither man nor God, and degrades to the proportions of a pigmy intelligence, a battle of giants, of w hi c h the stake is a step in advance in the universal education of mankind, or a step backward towards the world which we had believed to have ended with the middle ages. Between the great armies which sustain the com bat, marauders, free corps, have undoubtedly intro duced themselves and falsified its character ; between the two doctrines represented in the two camps, a multitude of exaggerations, of dangerous utopias, of false and immoral philosophies, have come to throw trouble and alarm in men's minds. It matters little. The real question remains as I have stated it. All these irregular Cossack-like movements, will disappear, as the sharp- shooters of an army when the hour arrives for the masses to be gin to move. It matters little also for what I now desire to say, whether the result of the struggle ought to be, as some imagine, the absolute abolition of the principle of authority and the pure and simple en thronement of liberty ; or whether, as I believe, the future holds in reserve a great collective religious manifestation, in which the two terms, authority and liberty, tradition and individual conscience, will both be recognised as essential elements to the normal de velopment of life, and harmonising togethet in one whole, will be at once the safeguard of belief and progress. What is certain is that transformation im plies death, and that the new authority can never be founded until after the complete overthrow of that which now exists. The destruction of authority such as it now exists ; the proclamation of human liberty, w hether as a means or as the end—this is the problem which Europe has now to solve. Right or wrong, the human mind be lieves that it sees a glimpse of new destinies, and a new heaven; and in order to prepare itself to realise them, it claims its independence, it desires to inter rogate humanity upon what it believes, upon what it expects, and hopes ; it desires to pass under revision the laws of life, and of its being ; old authority would forbid the attempt. The question is a vital one ; and one would have thought it impossible that there should exist a single people, or a single man, who did not feel the neces sity o ideciding between the two camps, and of giving to one or other his name and his active adhesion. And nevertheless it is not so. The solidarity of all in support of the principle in which they belies e is only understood on one side. And this side, with shame be it said, is that of old authority. All the powers whose rallying cry is authority, are allied for the defensive and for the offensive; they fulfil amongst each other the duties of fraternity ; when one is attacked the others fly to its aid ; in time of peace an universal propaganda rallies the means of all. They have a plan, a combined action, and a visible symbol, the Pope. They do not believe in him ; but they feel the want of a common standard, and they support him. Schismatics, orthodox be lievers, materialists, all those who deny the liberty of the human conscience and its manifestation by acts, join hands around his throne. It is not thus with the powers, with the nations whose rallying cry is Liberty. They may have bro thers in their ideal sphere; they have none upon the field of reality. Each sustains, defends what he has been able to conquer of liberty for himself; no one exerts himself for the triumph of the principle else where. The life of God is only sacred to them so far as it is diffused in their own sphere; beyond their own frontiers it becomes indifferent to them; they abandon it to chance, they deliver it over to the enemy. No pro tection is afforded to the peoples which are tortured and destroyed, no hindrance is offered to the hostile forces which stifle life in its cradle, or prevent the truth from manifesting itself. To the cry of Authority everywhere and for all, they oppose that of : Liberty for those who possess it. To the insolent audacious intervention exercised by the other camp, they reply : Neutrality, non-intervention, not for all—for they do nothing to prevent the intervention of others—but for themselves. Austria and France intervene in Italy; Prussia in the states of Germany, Russia in Hungary. England, the United States, Switzerland, cross their arms, and silently aid the triumph, which they believe to be iniquitous, of old authority over liberty. Like Pilate, they wash their hands of the blood of the just—they would reply to God with the answer of Cain—Am I then my brother's keeper ? A people, the Italian people, rises up. It goes straight to the heart of the question, to the palladium of the enemy's camp. It proposes to cut the knot, to emancipate the world, to end the struggle for all by a single blow. Authority has its seat, its source, its radiating centre at Rome. Authority pretends that it lives in the love of all, that it is sanctified by uni versal consent, that a factious minority is all that opposes it. Italy proves indisputably the reverse. It unites, it interrogates publicly, peacefully, the wishes of men iu the very place where authority h always reigned without apposition, where it has been able to seduce, mislead, and corrupt at its pleasure. An unanimous voice replies : the authority which go verns us is a falsehood ; it is not worthy to guide us : the Pope is no longer our head; we appeal to God, to liberty, and to our conscience. The royalty of the Pope--all that could be abolished by decree—is abe lished. The Pope flees. A banner bearing these principle-involving and eternal words, " God and the people," floats above the Vatican. Not a man raises his hand to protest in favour of the Pope; not a man bends the knee before the bulls of excommunication hurled from Gaeta. And to this demonstration, for the benefit of the world's cause, on the part of a people which has always served this cause, how has Protestantism replied ? How has England replied ? What has been done to save this people, when, in defiance of all right, and without the smallest provocation, four Go vernments leagued together to crush it, and sent their armies to tear down by brute force the sacred banner of liberty of conscience ? There exists great agitation at the present moment in Protestant England on account of the attempted encroachments of Catholicism. Think you that these attempts would have taken place if the people's banner were still floating at Rome? Think you that the Pope would have sent his Catholic hierarchy from Gaeta ? Papacy excluded from Rome, is, it is well known, Papacy excluded from Italy. Papacy excluded from Italy, is Papacy excluded from Europe. Place the Pope at Lyons or Seville—he will no longer be Pope ; he will only be a dethroned king. Protestantism has not understood this. There is so little remaining of the deep conviction, so little of the enthusiasm which produced the Reformation, that before the great question in dispute at Rome, it assumed a sceptical position; it contented itself by asking whether such or such a man govern ing in that city belonged to one political school or another—whether he was a partisan of a system of terror or of justice; it entered into a polemic with respect to individuals. The work, the providential work, which was being accomplished there by instru ments destined, whatever might be their character, to disappear the day after, completely escaped its notice. And when Austrians, Neapolitans, and Frenchmen marched against Rome, it could not summon up suffi cient energy to say—Stop; a question of religious faith is there at issue, and we will not allow it to be decided by brute force. And yet we gave it sufficient time to pronounce this prohibition. Protestantism has thus given to the world, I re peat it, a striking demonstration of want of power, of decay. It will expiate it bitterly, if it does not repair the mistake it has committed. Faith begets faith. You cannot expect that men should believe in yours, when they see that it does not furnish you with the consciousness of a right, or the feeling of a duty to fulfil. You have looked on with indifference whilst the liberty of the human soul was being crushed beyond your gates; you will be thought little worthy of defending it within. Faith is also wanting to the Pope; but he has something which replaces it in the eyes of the world; he has the audacity, the obstinacy, and the unscru pulous logic of his false principle. He attacks; you fortify yourselves for defence : he advances ever, with the continuous motion of the serpent; you move by fits and starts, under the impulse of fear : he says, Servitude for all; you say, Liberty for us alone. You will not have it ; or rather, you already have it not. You are slaves by all the slavery of your brethren. Hence it is that your contracted inspiration no longer fecundates the souls of men. There is no religion without faith in the solidarity of the human race. I have here said what is to me the touch-stone of every faith. When any one says to me, " Behold a good man," I ask, " How many souls has he saved ?" When any one says to me, " Behold a religious people," I inquire what it has done and suffered to bring humanity to its belief. It is to man, and not to a certain number of men, that God has given life, the sun, the fruits of the earth, his law, and the capacity of comprehending and of obeying it. It was for all men that Jesus died upon the cross. And you who honour the name of God, and murmur unceasingly the name of Christ, what have you given, what do you give for all men ? For whom do you die, for whom do you dare martyrdom ? By what do you render testi mony to the unity of the human race, of which you are only a member ? What work of education do you accomplish upon earth ? You found establish ments for the sale of bibles, you smuggle the divine word across forbidden frontiers; but know you not that the foundation, the commencement of all educa tion, is liberty ? Have you so completely lost the spirit, are you so blind to all but the dead letter of the law, as not to know that it is to man that God allotted the gift of understanding and of interpreting his will, and that the slave is not a man, but the form, the material part of man alone ? * I have read the writings of the men who protest against the encroachments of Catholic ROM j I bare LONDON, hearkened to the speeches uttered by them in their meetings. I have not met with a single expression of sympathy for the Rome of the people and for li berty, not a single prayer for the emancipation of Italy from the chains which forbid her all movement, all spiritual education. We have nothing to do, they say, with political questions. Is it, then, by leaving man in the hands of his oppressors that you would elevate and emancipate his soul ? Is it by leaving erect the idol of blind force, in the service of imposture, that you think to raise in the human soul an altar to the God of a free conscience ? Moses broke the idols to pieces; he knew well that whilst the idols existed there would ever be idolators. Every so-called religious agitation against Papacy will be vain which does not take in hand the Italian political question. While the Pope possesses Italy, he will have a footing in every part of Europe. It is the Italian nation alone that can annihilate Papacy. Would you introduce the light and air of heaven within our prison ? Help us to break open its gates, to throw down its walls ; and the air and the light of God will pour in to invigorate and enlighten us. Help us to reconquer liberty of speech: you will find that our first word will be liberty of conscience. Pe tition your Government, not to arrest the progress of Catholicism amongst yourselves—how can it attempt to do so—but remembering for once at least that Eng land also has rights and duties in Europe, to put a stop to the prolonged scandal of a foreign occupation of Rome ; and be sure th a t t wen ty-f our h ours a ft er our deliverance, the Pope shall flee towards Gaeta and soon much farther than Gaeta. All agitation whi c h does not make this its object w . be in vain; not only because Italy bound, gagged, with the sword of the oppressor at her throat, cannot make any response or derive any advantage from the fraction of truth which may be therein contained, before she has broken the sword ; but also because it is immoral ; because it fails to recognise the unity of man ; because it betrays the sacred duty of rendering assistance to every victim of assasination ; and because it is in reality, I believe, a secret compromise be tween lukewarm religious belief and political preju dices which it is feared to alarm. We have sometimes been asked, if when once emancipated, we should proclaim ourselves Protest ants. It is not for individuals to reply. The coun try, free to interrogate itself, will follow the inspira tions that God will send it. Religion is not a matter of contract ; and those who address such a question to us, can have but little faith in that which they believe to be the truth. For myself, I would not bargain even for the liberty of my country, by pro faning my soul with falsehood. But this, with my hand upon my heart, I can answer to them. Catholicism is dead. Religion is eternal. It will be the soul—the thought of the new world. Every man bears an altar in his own breast, upon which, whenever he invokes it in purity, enthusiasm, and love, the truth of God descends. Conscience is sa cred—it is free. But truth is one, and faith may anti cipate the time when, from the free conscience of en lightened men, beneath the breath of God, shall be given forth a religious harmony, more mighty, more potent in love and life, than any to which humanity has yet lent ear. But in order that the death of Catholicism may be revealed to men, the air must circulate freely, and reach, in order to destroy, the corpse which stands as yet ereot. In order that - man may invoke with purity, enthusiasm, and love, the truth of God, he must be emancipated from a state which teaches him immo rality, egotism, hatred, and mistrust. And in order that truth may triumph over error, it must be free to proclaim itself in the full light of day. This consum mation we can offer in exchange for the support which we demand. JOSEPH MAZZINI. December, 1850. MILITARY PRISONS. A Parliamentary paper has just been issued contain ing a report on the discipline and management of the military prisons last year. There are nine military pri sons in the United Kingdom and eight abroad, making 17 prisons, capable of accommodating from 1,200 to 1,300 prisoners. In the prisons at home in 1847, 3,850 were admitted; in 1848, 4,009; in 1849, 3,533; and last year, 3,565. The committals for desertion and absence without leave, taken together, were precisely the same in 1850 as in 1849, but whilst the minor offence of absence had increased the grave crime of desertion had mate rially decreased. The commitments for drunkenness had increased in the last year. The Inspector-General (Colonel Jebb), in his report to the Secretary at War, makes the following observations:—" It is a subject of regret that there is an increase of re-committals, the number committed to some of the military prisons being 1,011, whilst those committed in 1850 amount to 1,268, being in the latter year more than ono-third of the whole admissions. The number. however, recommitted to tho same military prisons are 578 in 1849, and 575 in 1850. A different result might have been anticipated, arising from the fact that a large portion of the worst characters in the army had been got rid of in the late reductions. It is, however, understood that many of these being perfectly fit for service, have obtained re-ad mission into the ranks. But for this circumstance it becomes a question for serious consideration, now that the character of the service has been so greatly raised by the improvements made in the condition of the soldier, whether the suggestion made in 1849 for relieving regi ments oF habitual drunkards and incorrigible soldiers should not be adopted. Some means might also be devised for marking men so as to prevent their return to the service." MILITARY DESERTERS. (Circular Memorandum.) Horse Guards, Aug. 19. In consequence of the diversity of practice and in efficiency of the existing methods of marking the deser ter with the letter D, and it being found in many in stances that the mark has become obliterated in a short time, and even been removed by artificial means, it has been decided that from the Ist of October next this part of the sentence of the court-martial shall be inflicted, in all cases where practicable, in the military prisons, by the medical officer attached to each of those establish ments, and under special instructions from the Secre tary-at-War. Under this improved system it is expected that this important part of the sentences of courts-martial will be duly and effectually carried out. Offenders sentenced to imprisonment and who are also to be marked with the letter D, will, therefore, in all cases be committed to a military prison, in order to this part of their sentence being inflicted. This rule applies equally to all deserters so sentenced, whether the individual is ultimately to be discharged the service or not, although such prisoners may not be liable to he retained in the military prison for a longer period than may be deemed suficient to render the mark inde lible. Soldiers, however, who are to be marked with the letter D and sentenced to transportation without previous imprisonment, or belonging to corps stationed in districts where there may not be a military prison, are to be so marked at their regiments as heretofore. In order to ascertain how far a permanent impression has been obtained, a record is to be kept at the prison, showing the date on which the offender is marked, and the state of the mark when he quits the prison, and re ports thereon are to be made periodically to the War office from the several military prisons. An annnal re turn is also to be transmitted on the let of January in each year to the War-office by regiments and depots showing the names of all soldiers who have been so marked in the military prisons, and the state of the mark at the date of the return being rendered. As the new arrangement will commence on the Ist of October next, a return for the quarter to the 31st of De cember, 1851, is to be rendered to the War-office. (By command) G. BROWN, Adj utant-General. MARKET INTELLIGENCE. (From the London Nero Price Current, Sept. 12.) SIIQA/t.—To-day only limited transactions occurred in the West India Sugar market ; the purchases were confined to 490, making for the week 1,490 hbds, &c. Prices close generally the same as on Friday last for bright yellow, but other sorts have declined 6d per cwt. RESINED.—To-day only limited purchases were made in Refined goods by home dealers, although low to fine grocery lumps were dull at 44s to 48s per cwt. Crushed met with little attention for shipping, and at former rates there are free sellers. MAIIRITIIIS.—This afternoon there was a reluctance to operate in Mauritius Sugar; of 10,000 bgs at public sale not above one-half found buyers at rather lower rates, good mid to good yellow went at 35s to 375, low to mid 32s 6d to 34s 6d, good and Rue brown 303 to 325, low to mid 27s 6d to 29s 6d, and refining qualities 31s to 36i per cwt. EAST INDIA. —This afternoon Bengal Sugar was dealt in with caution, and of 2,000 bags at public sale a part only sold at a reduction of 6d per owt. Benares fine white went at 41s to 425, mid to good 38s to 403 6d, low 37s to 37s 6d, mid to good like Mauritius 34s to 375, low 323 6d to 33s 6d, ord and fair soft yellow 30s to 325. Of Madras 143 bags went at 36s to 36s 6d for mid grainy, being rather cheaper. FOREIGN.—Today the private operations in Foreign Sugar were upon a small scale, still duty paid parcels or Floating Cargoes were not offered at lower rates. None was offered at public auction. MoLassEs.—There is no further reduction to notice in prices of %Vest India, still transactions are again trifling; Antigua at 14s to 15s, and other sorts 12s to 133 6d. Bengal and Mauritius are in scanty supply, and held for 1 ls to 12s; few inquiries, however, have pre vailed. Porto Rico and Cuba are dull of sale at 13s to 13s 6d. Prices for Molasses are not expected to be lower. Jamaica Honey is wanted, but supply is scanty, and the value from 36s to 40s for low to fine. COCOA.—lmporters of West India are firmer, and again refrained from offering any at auction this week ; pre vious rates are however supported, and best red is more in demand, whilst other sorts remain dull of sale. The value of good to fine red Trinidad is 453 to 525, low and mid 41s to 445, grey from s7s to 403, and Grenada 353 to 40s per cwt. Ira Foreign transactions are small, still holders are not disposed to press sales; and obtain for Bahia and Para 26s to 273; Guayaquil 303 to 31s. At auction 101 bags of the better sold at 233 6d to 27s 6d for damaged, whilst 60 bags St. Do mingo were taken in at 25s for ord sound. COFFEE.—This afternoon Mocha Coffee me' with a good demand, and realised full terms. At public sale 254 half-bales were sold at Ils to 72s 6d for mid clean garbled,c, and a few lots ord 65a 64 to 66a 64. For all sorts of Coffee there is, however, a dull market. At auction 931 hags Native Ceylon were taken in at 40s for sound. Of Plantation Ceylon 142 casks and 200 bags were only in part sold at easier rates; good to fine went at 56a to 60a, mid and good mid 51s to 85s, other sorts 43s to 595, pea berry 56s to 595. Of Jamaica 118 bags sold at easier rates; good to fine ord 40s to 43s 6d, and triage 365. TEA.—Prices have undergone no further depression for Congou, still there is a reluctance on the part of home dealers to operate; export orders are trifling, and there is yet a plentiful supply. The terms acceded to for low and ord are 84d to 9id; good common Sid to 94 , 1; blackish leaf 103 to I lid, strong ditto is to is lid; and Pekoe flavor at is 2d to is 7d, the latter beiug least in request. Few transactions have taken place in Oolong, and several parcels are on offer, the value is from lld to is 7d. Souchong can be obtained at a further decline; still dealers have evinced little desire to ope rate, and there is a plentiful supply. Prices for ord to good ord rule at 91 to 1 lid, good to flee is to is 6d, and superior is 7d to 2s. Previous terms are required for good and fine green, although there is no increase in operations, or telling off in supply. For inferior and medium the market is in a dull state; largo parc€ is have baen brought forward, and easier terms are ecceded to. Scented and Pekoe sorts are still purchased with reluct ance, and prices continue to decline. RICE.—To-day the demand for East India further in creased, and the chief part of 7,720 bags at auction found buyers at full rates; Bengal, flue white 10s to 10s 6d, low mid to good 8s to 93 63, damaged 4s to 91; Madras, pinkey 7s to 7s 6d, good to fine white Bengal grain Ss to 9s 61, damaged 5s 61 to 9s. Of 540 clit3 Sago a small part sold at 17s 6d to 18s for ord and mid small pearl. SPlRlTS.—Leeward Island Rum is offered upon rather lower terms, yet operations have been small at la 5d to Is sid per gallon proof. East India is dull of sale and rather cheaper, is 3d to is 4d having been accepted for proof. For Demerara there is a quiet market, and larger parcels are on offer; sellers are disposed to accept is 10d to 2s 3d for 28 to 40 per cent over p r oof. The better qualities of Jamaica are yet in good demand for home consumption and shipping, and no advance has been es tablished, ,whereas inferior met with a dull sale, and easier rates are acceded to, supply being plentiful. Prices for 28 to 33 per c e nt over proof plain and mid quality rule at 2s 3d to 2s Bd, good mid to good 32 to 36 over 2s 9d to 3a 2d, fine and choice marks 33 to 38 over 3s 3d to 48 4d. For Havannah not more than is 2d can be obtained proof, and there are few buyers. Stock of Rum is 1,800 puns, &c. less than last season. In Brandy a good deal has been done, at firm rates. Sales of Cognac best brands of the vintage OEIBSO have been made at 4s 4d to 4s 6d, 1849 ditto 4s 7d to 4s 9d, 1848 ditto 5s to 5s 2d, older sorts 5s 4d to 6s 4d, low to mid 2s 83 to 34 Bi, and Bordeaux 2s 2d to 2s 4d. British made Spirit is in good demand at 9s 5d to 9s 6d nett cash, and Gin at 7s 103 for 22 per cent under proof. Geneva met with little attention, and there are sellers of ord at Is 7d to is Bd, and fine is 9d to 2 SPICES.—To-day a public sale of 50 bags Pimento went at 5d to sil for good quality ; 40 barrels Jamaica Ginger 44s to 68s for low to good mid, and 200 bags African were taken in at 25s per cwt. Of Nutmegs 9 packages went at 2s 23 to 2s 7d for low to mid brown, and 6 casks Mace is 9d to 2s Id. SALTPETRE.—To-day few purchases were made pri vately in Bough Saltpetre, and at auction 472 slags Bombay sold at 25s for fair quality 12i ;o 114 per cent. refraction, not retracted 235; these are easier rates. COCHINEAL.—This afternoon Cochineal again met with little notice, and of 50 bgs at auction a part only sold; Honduras, Silvers at 2s lid to 3s 2d for low to good; mid to fine black 3s 6d to 4s id; whilst Mexican was taken in at 3s 3d to 3s 4d for black. FRUlT.—There has been a very limited demand for Currants this week, but prices may be considered steady. At public sale yesterday 46 butts 77 crtls and 49 brls Patras offered and bought in at 40, to 425, also 88 butts 13 crtls 62 brls Z into, and 7 butts 14 crtls 14 brie Ce phalonia, damaged, part of which sold at 36s to 375. New Valencias have arrived via Southampton end Li verpool, which are selling at 40s. Currants, 425. Also New Turkey Figs and Sultanas at 70e. INDIGO.--Operations in Ea:it India have been upon a small scale for all purposed this week, yet holders aro not disposed to accept rates under the last quarterly sales, although the increased quantity of 19,857 chts is declared for the 7th of next month. Of Manilla 76 chts at auction sold at is Id to 4s. Spanish has been operated in with reluctance, and former rates are not to be obtained. Wm.—This afternoon at public sale 100 casks of Palm Oil taken i❑ at 275, 100 pkgs Cocoa Nut sold, Syduey 30a 3d to 31s 6d; 60 tuns Stal, pale 301 10s, brown, yellow, and straw 331 to 341; 20 tuns Sperm 821 10s to 861 lag. TALLOW.—This afternoon the public sales of Tallow went at improved prices; 60 cks Australian selling at 37s to 39e for Mutton; Beet at 36s to 37s 6d; 500 pkgs South American at 35s to 38s 3d; 29 ditto North at 38e; and 30 cks Italian at 37s 6d to 38s. BANK OF ENGLAND. (From last night's Gazette.) An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth of Victorta,cap. 32 for the Week ending on Saturday, the 6th day of September, 1851. ISSUE DEPARTMENT. Sates issued • • •• •• •• 27,707,565 £27,707,565 Dated the 1 Rh day of Septeml Proprietor s' c apital • • 14,553,000 lt3st • -•• • • •• . 3,558,957 Public deposits (in cluding Exchequer, Commissioners of Netional Debt, Say- lngs-banks, and Di vidend accounts) • • 8,093,413 Other deposits • . 8,121,431 Seven day and other Bills • ....... 1,228,309 Government debt •• 11,015,100 Other securities 2,984,900 Gold coin and bullion 13,674, ,90 Silver bullion .• • • 33,375 27,707,565 E. MARSHALL, Chief Cashier. !, ISM. Government seenri- 35,585,110 . MARSHALL. Chief Cashier. Dated the 11th day of September. 1851. ties (including Dead Weight Annuity).. 13,464,216 Other securities •• • 13,193,578 Notes •• •• •• •• • •• •• 8,34 4,190 Gold and silver coin.. 682,825 £35,585,110 LAW INTELLIGENCE. JUDGES' CHAMBERS, Sept. 12. (Before Mr. Baron AIARTIN.) THE ALLEGED FRAUD AND CONSPIRACY AT SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1851. The LORD MAYOR--I thought the new Merchant Seamen's Act, which came into operation in January last, would have had the effect, in consequence of the penalties which the magistrate can inflict by means of it, of greatly diminishing the number of disgraceful charges of this kind. Has due care been taken to pla card the nature and amount of the penal ties for violation through the places which are frequented by seamen? Mr. Coleman—Yes, my Lord. General notice has been given to the seamen everywhere. 'We are now able to establish cases in the absence of the ship's officers or logbook, and shall bring forward any matter which seems to he deserving of notice, with n ll its circumstances of aggravation. I have another charge of desertion against this defendant, who played the same base trick about two years ago, and I could have sent him to the Central Criminal Court in con sequence of a misdemeanour perpetrated towards myself. The LORD MAYOR—This Act was made more to prevent such injurious practices than to inflict punish ment upon hardworking men. The Legislature have acted humanely by placing the seaman and shipowner in the relation of servant and master. Now, when servants commit the offence of deserting their masters, they are subjected for every such violation of the law to imprisonment, with hard labour, for three months. That has been the law for a long series of years, and the new Merchant Seamen's Act has been passed for the purpose of making the contracts of seamen as binding, and tends to their advantage as well as to that of the other parties to the contracts. I cannot con ceive anything more embarrassing or injurious than the desertion of seamen from their vessels at distant ports, and if the cases accumulate in this manner before me, Parliament must be applied to for a law inflicting much more heavy punishment. My sen tence on the defendant is, that he be imprisoned six weeks, and to hard labour. Thomas H. Farmer, seaman, was next put to the bar. Mr. Coleman—The defendant applied to me for his registered ticket, stating that he bed deserted the Louisa, of London, at Quebec, in July. The ticket has been returned from Quebec as " deserted," and I produce his articles. Mr. Frederick Cowles, shibroker, of 46, Fenchurch street, proved all that was necessary against the de fendant, who deserted the vessel along with several others of the crew. The LORD MAyoß—What have you to say to this charge, defendant ? The defendant—l left the vessel because the rest left her, and that was because the mate was imposing upon us. We could not stand that, so we cut. Mr. Coleman—They all got higher wages. That was their only reason. If seamen have any desire to complain a naval court-martial can be summoned by the consul, according to the terms of the new Act, consisting of British residents, officers, and others, and justice ca❑ be immediately rendered on the spot without delay. The LORD MAYOR—Has this man deserted before ? Mr. Coleman—l am not aware that there is any other complaint against him than that which has just been made. The LORD MAYOR—Then I shall give him a milder punishment than I have adjudged to the former of fender. I sentence him to imprisonment and hard labour for thirty days. DANCING LICENSES. ‘` OPINION. THE LAW AS TO MUSIC AND In consequence of the great public attention 'which the law affecting the music and dancing licenses, not merely in and about the metropolis, created some year or two since, especially among the magistrates them• selves, with whom there was an unusual difference of opinion upon the subject, it will be recollected that a committee of twelve justices was appointed by the Court to take the matter into consideration, to obtain the opinion of eminent counsel, if necessary, and to report to the Court the conclusions at which they arrived. After extending their deliberations over a period of sixteen months the committee have made their report, and the Court has adopted it, and passed resolutions in accordance with its recommendations. The report is as follows,— " Your committee have to report that the powers pos sessed by the Court in the matter referred to are derived from the Act of 25th George IL, c. 36, the provisions of which are, however, to some extent restricted by subse quent enactments. The second section of the Act pro' vides that any house, room, garden, or other place kept for public hawing, music, or other public entertainment of the like kind, in the cities of London and Westmin ster. or within 20 miles thereof, without a license from the Court of Quarter Sessions (who are thereby authorised nod empowered to grant such license as they, in their discretion, shall think proper), shall be deemed a dis orderly house or place, and renders the keeper thereof subject to a penalty of 1001., or otherwise punishable as the law directs in the case of disorderly houses. The same section further empowers a constable or other per son being thereto authorised by a warrant of a justice of the peace, to enter such houses and places, and to seize every person who may be found therein, that they may be dealt with according to law. The fifth and several subsequent sections of the Act contain pro visions for encouraging and facilitating prosecutions against persons keeping disorderly houses; and the 12th section empowers two or more justices to deal in a sum mary way with the parties brought before them under the second section already mentioned. Upon consider ing the effect of the above provisions, your committee found that doubts were entertained by different members of the bench upon three points, viz.—lst. Whether the Court is legally authorized, on the grant of a licence under this Act, to limit it to one particular sort of enter tainment, as to music only, or dancing only; or whether a licence, if granted at all, must not extend to every kind of entertainment within the put view of the Act. 2d. Whether, assuming that the words' Other public enter tainment of the like kind' include scenic entertainments, the power of the Court to grant licenses for such pur- poses is not taken away by the Act of the 6th and 7th Victoria, c. 6s, for regulating theatres. 3d. Whether the power given to the justices by the Act of George 11., to grant warrants for the apprehension of persons found in unlicensed (i. it. disorderly) houses, is not repealed by the Act of the sth of George IV., c. 83, respecting the punishment of idle and disorderly persons. The great practical importance of the above questions, and the diffi culty felt by many members of the bench in dealing with them, rendered it (your committee thought) desirable to take the opinion of counsel upon them. They, therefore, gave directions that a case should be drawn up and suomitted to Sir Frederick Thesiger and Mr. Crompton, which was accordingly done, and the ease, with the opinion of those gentlemen upon it, is annexed by way of appendix to this report. It will he seen that the opinion is decidedly in favour of the power of the Court to grant partial licences; that, according to the same opinion, the Court of Quarter Sessions, has no longer the power (if it really ever had it) to grant licenses under the 25th George 11, for the performance of scenic entertainments, and that the council think that the justices retain the power of issuing warrants for the apprehension of persons found in dis orderly houses, although they appear to doubt whether that power can be exercised with much practical benefie Upon the first of these pours your committee have no hesitation in adopting the construction now put upon the statute, which they believe may be acted upon by the Court with perfect safety. If the Court concurs in this view, it has power at once, without any further legiela tive enactment, to carry into effect one of the recent mendattons made by the assistant-judge in his printed letter of last year, by restricting within narrower bounds the granting of licenses for public dancing, and allowing a wider scope to entertainments confined to music, par ticularly when not held at taverns. Your committee think the suggestion to be entitled, at the least, to serious consideration. But what , ver may be done in this respect, your committee think that some alteration is requisite both in the form of the notices for applications for licenses, and in the form of the licenses themselves, and in the endorse ment thereon. Your committee think that every sort of entertainment for which the applicant wishes to obtain a license, or for which the Court in tends to grant one, ought to be distinctly expressed on the face of the notice, or of the licence, in order, on the one hand, that the Court may be able to judge of the legality as well as propriety of what the applicant wants, and, on the other hand, that the latter may be free from all doubt respecting the extent of the privilege conceded to him. The general expression ether entertainments of the like kind' introduced into the Act of the 25th of George 11., was intended, your committee believe, to en able the Court to judge whether any entertainment (other than music or dancing) for which a license may be applied for was or was not within the scope of the Act. By inserting the phrase in the license the Court, however, throws upon the license the task and responsi bility of determining what it is that the Act contemplates, instead of deciding the question itself. Upon the second and third points referred to counsel, your committee see no reason to doubt the accuracy of the opinion given. Thep think, therefore, that all licences granted under the 25th of George 11. ought to be so expressed as to preclude any reasonable intendment of their authorising the exhibition of scenic entertainment. With respect to the subject generally, your committee agree its the opinion expressed by the assistant-judge in the printed letter already referred to, that additional regulations are wanted for the supervision and control of places of public entertainment, and for the summary punishment of misconduct on the part either of the managers or frequenters of such places. They further agree with the assistant judge in thinking that some of the restrictions now imposed by law on those places are not well adapted to the existing condition of society, But these topics are so fully discussed in the letter of the assistant-judge, as to enable the Court, without any further assistance from your committee, to determine upon the course which it may be proper to adopt. Your committee does not appear to be autho rised, by the terms of the present reference, to take steps towards obtaining an alteration of the law, either by an application to the Government, or by a direct appeal to the Legislature. " Iu the case laid before counsel the provisions of the statutes, 25th George 11., and 6th and 7th Victoria, c. 68, were set forth, and the following questions were sub mitted—First, whether the Midelesex justices were at liberty to grant licenses, under the 25th George IL, for any one sort of entertainment of the nature epecled or referred to in that Act, exclusive of all others, viz.—for public dancing or music,' or for ' public music only;' or whether the justices' powers arc confined to the grautieg of licenses for ' public dancing, music, or other public entertainments of the like kind,' collectively? Second, whether the statute 6th - and 7th Victoria, c 68, does or does not indirectly repeal the sta. me the 25;.h George 11., C. 37, so far as relates to ' other public eetertain meats of the like kind,' and whether persons who, under colour of the licenFer, granted under the 25th of George 11., suffer scenic representations to be performed iu their houzee are not liable to the penalty given by the 6th and 7th of Victoria. Thirdly, whether the enactment of the sth of George IV., cap. 83, takes away the power given to justices of the peace by the 25th of George IL to issue their warrants to constables to enter the houses or places therein mentioned (and which by the last mentioned Act are to be deemed disorderly houses or places), and to seise the persons found therein. " 1. We are of opinion that the Middlesex justices are not compelled to grant licenses for public dancing, music, or other public entertainment of the like kind' collectively, but that they may at their discretion grant the license for music only, or for dancing only, or for music and dancing; nor can we entertain any doubt on that point when we observe the words of the Act to be in the disjunctive, which seems to leave no ground for any other construction. "2. We should have thought, if the question had been open to us, that the 25th of George 11. did not ap ply to scenic representations at all, but the words' other public entertainments of the like kind' have been so long created or acted upon as including scenic representations that we are precluded from expressing our own inde pendent opinion upon the point, and are compelled to accept the interpretation which has been put upon them, and from which it necessarily follows that the 6th and 7th Victoria, c. 68, does indirectly repeal this portion of the 25th George 11., and that parties would be l'ab'e to the penalties of the latter Act fur suffering scenic repre sentations to be performed in their houses. " 3. We are of opinion that the sth George IV. does not repeal the 25th George 11., as to the power given in the last-named statute for justices to issue their v a-rant to constables to enter disorderly houses. We fled some difficulty in understanding what the Act intended should be done with the persons not the keepers of the houses who may be sell , d. order that they may be dealt with according to law.' Provision is made for punishing the keepers of disorderly houses, but nothing is said as to what is to be done with the persons found in them. F. THESIGER. " CHARLES CROMPTON." Under the recommendations contained in this re port an important alteration has been determined upon as to the forms of licenses to be gr an t e d a t th e approaching Michaelmas session, not only to new applicants, but to applicants for rene wa l s . Th e C our t will not in future insert in licenses to be granted ender the Act 25th George IL, chap. 36, the words —" Or other public entertainment of the like kind," but will in all cases specify the particular entertain ment which may be given. A notice to this effect will be forwarded to all persons at present license I, and advertised for the information of those who intend to apply for licenses at the Michaelmas session. At the next meeting of the Middlesex magistrates a pro position will be made to alter the standing orders in accordance with these new regulations, and that in future, applicants give fourteen days' notice instead of seven as heretofore, to the Clerk of the Peace, a n d to the clerk s o f p e tty sess i ons , of their intentio n to apply. 71,;" . 7 , .7 the zccounts frum the departments state that the harvest bai exceeded the moat Nanguine expectations." DRIGFITON. An application was made on the part of the prose cution in the alleged fraud and conspiracy case at Brighton for the costs incurred in relation to the writ of habeas corpus issued to bring the defendants to London. The Learned Judge was attended by the solicitors in the case, and the matter was discussed, as part of the defendants. On alsoan the pa rtof application the on the prosecution the application was for costs, and on the part of the defendants his Lordship was asked to quash the writ of habeas corpus. Mr. Baron MARTIN, after hearing the parties, granted a summons, returnable on Tuesday next, for the defendants to show cause why they should not pay to the prosecutor the costs incurred attendant on the writ of habeas corpus. _ _ According to the present arrangement, Mr. Baron Martin will attend chambers on Tuesday and Friday until further notice. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, Sept. 12, (Before Mr. Commiisioner FANE.) IN RE SPARROW. This was a certificate meeting. The bankrupt was described as Owen Sparrow, of Aldgate High-street, grocer and tea dealer. The statement of accounts, extending from the Ist of Ja nuary, 1849, to the 27th of June, 1851, show the following :—Creditors, 1,1881; ditto, holding security, 715/. ; liabilities, 2041. ; profits, 1,115/. ; estimated value of furniture, 801.; profits on sale of lease, 65/. ; debtors, good, 16/.; property, 1121.; ditto in hands of creditors, 7141. ; trade, expenses, 1,049/. personal, 3451. ; interest and law costs, 112/. ; losses, 437/. ; liabilities per contra, 2041. Mr. LINKLATER, for an opposing creditor, said that Mr. Lawrence, who supported the bankrupt, was ab sent, wished for an adjournment, and with his Ho nour's sanction he bad no objection on the part of his client. Some parties opposed the adjournment, but even tually his Honour decided that the meeting should be adjourned until the Bth of November, and that all the creditors admitted by the bankrupt on his ba lance-sheet, who bad given or should give notice of opposition should be heard on the adjourned day. IN RE MATTHEWS. This was the last examination of the bankrupt, de scribed as a bookseller, of Paternoster-row. His debts were 1,6771., extending over a period of three years and a half, and . his assets, in good debts and property, amounted to 3141. His profits had been 3,386/. ; losses, 684/. ; and expenses of various kinds, 4,0871. The bankrupt passed unopposed. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE. A great number of seamen were brought before the Lord Mayor, in consequence of their applications for registered tickets at the office of the General Shipping Registrar. Mr. Coleman, from the Shipping Registration office, attended in the cases of two of the defendants, against whom serious charges of desertion were made. William Thomas Dawson, seaman, was put to the bar. Mr. Coleman—The defendant applied to me on the 6th of the present month for a registered ticket. He stated that he bad signed articles on the Bth of May with the Bride, and that he had deserted her at St. John's, in July, 1851. Mr. John Temperly, shipowner, of Leadenhall street, said—l am the owner of the Bride, I did not sanction the defendant's leaving the ship, and I have been put to great loss and inconvenience by the desertion of this man and others of the crew. The vessel was detained 15 days before a crew could be got to work her home, and the expense was most serious. The LORD MAYOR—Defendant, what have you to say to this accusation ? Defendant—The fact is, my Lord, we all got di ukik and run away at St. John's. Mr. Coleman—No doubt they were all largely paid for their services elsewhere. In Quebec alone, during the last season, there was as many as 1,362 desertions from our vessels, and the owners were put to enor mous expense in procuring substitutes. The Bride is expected daily, but if this impediment had not oc• ur red she would certainly have been here 15 or 16 days ago. WORSHIP-STREET. Two decent-looking countrymen, named William Plaskett and Joseph Callum, the former of whom de scribed himself as a private constable, and the latter as a tenant upon the estates of the Duke of Buceleuch, at Beaulieu, near Southampton, and Alfred Tyrell, a gold-beater at Stepney, were placed at the bar before Mr. Hammill, charged with having hurglariously entered the premises of Mr. Richard Hughes, land lord of the King's Arms public•house, in the White chapel-road, with intent to commit a felony. Sergeant 11 , .pe, H 3, stated that while on duty in Whitechapel, shortly after four o'clock that morning, he observed the three prisoners emerge, in the com pany of two prostitutes, from a narrow court at the side of the prosecutor's house, and, having been ap prised that an attempt had been made to break into the place on the previous night, he detained the whole of them while a policeman who was with him pro ceeded up the court to examine the state of the pre mises. After a short interval the constable returned and reported that the side-door of the public-house was wide open, and that an evident attempt had been made to force the shutters of the bar-window, from which one of the screws had been removed. In the meantime the prisoner Plaskett contrived to give them the slip, and was running at full speed down the street, when he was stopped and secured by another officer, to whom he exclaimed, " For God's sake don't lock me up, as I am a private constable myself, and 1 will give you 51. to square it." The prisoners were then conveyed to the station-house, and on searching Plaskett a large screw, which was subse quently found to correspond exactly with the one re maining in the window-shutters of the prosecutor's bar, was found in his coat-pocket, and for which the prisoner accounted by stating that it belonged to one of the windows of his house in the country. Isaac Radford, a potman at the public-house, iden tified the screw produced as the same with which the bar-shutter was fastened down when he went to bed at half-past one o'clock that morning, at which time the side-door and the rest of the premises were pro perly secured. On being called upon for their defence the prisoners earnestly protested their innocence, and Plaskett said that he had come to town accompanied by a party of the Duke of Buccleuch's tenants to see the Exhibition, and that he was utterly at a loss to account for the missing screw having been found in his possession. Mr. Ilaassama observed that it was a most sus picious case, and ordered the prisoners to be remanded until Tuesday next, but consented in the meantime to take bail for their appearance. THAMES. Mr. YARDLEY gave his decisison in a matter of importance to members of benefit societies, and which was discussed at length on a former day, when Mr. David Brown, president of the Friendly Brothers Society, appeared to answer the complaint of an old man named George Haydon, whose superannuation allowance had been reduced from 23. 6d. to ls. per week. He had been a member for upwards of forty-five years. There was another aged man, who had been a member fifty years, whose pension had been reduced in a similar proportion, and he and some others were as much interested in the decision as the person who took out the summons. The answer to the case set up was that the articles hid been revised and certified by Mr. Tidd Pratt, the barrister appointed for that purpose, and that in consequence of the di minuiion in the capital stock or funds of the society it had become necessary to reduce the superannuation allowances from 2s. Gd. to ls. 3d per week. Mr. YARDLEY said that since the case was last be fore him he had given it his best consideration and consulted the law-books, but could not find any case like it or any decision bearing upon the question. He must, therefore, rely on his own ability and decide to the best of his judgment. The defendant said that Mr. Tidd Pratt had been referred to, and his opinion was that the rules were binding on every member. Mr. YARDLEY said that Mr. Tidd Pratt could not decide the question. He wished that gentleman had power to decide all disputes of this description be tween members of benefit societies ; but, as it was thrown on bim (Mr. Yardley), he should not shrink from giving a decision. If he could agree with Mr. Tidd Pratt, who was a gentleman of great talent and experience, he should have much pleasure in doing so. He had, however, come to a different conclusion. When the superannuation allowance was granted the old rules were in existence, not the revised ones, and he believed the complainant had a vested interest in the funds, and could not be deprived of his allowance of 2s. Gd. per week originally granted. He therefore gave judgment in favour of the complainant. At the same time, he must say, he had come to that conclu sion with some difficulty ; but it would be destructive to the interests of such institutions as these if he had come to any other. SEABORNE MAILS. [N signifies that the mails are sent front tho General Port-of2os by the night—and M by the morning—dispatch.] When made up in From what When PLACES. General Post-office port die- due. London. • patched. America (by Brit. pkt.)N Sept. 15 Liverpeel .. Sept. 15 America (by U.S. pkt.) bi; Sept. 16 .. Liverpool .. Sept. 2 1 America (by U.S. pkt.) 31;Sept 17 .. Southampt. Sept. 19 Africa (West coast).. 17114th of the month Plymouth Oct. 3 Alexandria * • • ...... 17 , 19 th & 30th of mo. Dover .. Sept. 18 Belgium , Dover .. Daily Brazil .. Idl9th of the month Southampt. Oct. 16 Buenos Ayres .• M 9th of the month Southampt. Oct. 16 California(viaChagres)M 2d & 17th of month Southampt. • ept. 20 Cape of Good Hope N 14th of month Plymouth.. Oct. 3 Constantinople* .... Nl7th 17th 27th of mo Dover .. Sept. 20 Central America .. 3112 d & 17th of mon. Southampt. Sept. 20 Channel Isles ▪ *Mon., Wed., & Fri. Soutkampt. Tn. Th.B a chili 31 17th of the month Southampt. Oct, 5 Franca* .. „ M&N Twice daily .. Dover • • T w i ceda l ly Nlth 17th 27th of mo Dover • • S ept. 20 Greece Hamblugh • ..NTuesday & Friday Lond on .. Tues. Sat. Holland ▪ M i Wednes. & Satur. Loudon .. M en.Thvz Honduras 17;17th of the mouth Southampt. Sept. 20 Ireland ▪ .. 31 & N Twice daily .. ..IHolyhead Twicedally India(via Southamp.) M 20th of the monthSouthampt. Sept. 23 India (via Marseilles) N 7th& 24th ef month Dover .. Sept. 15 Mediterranean (via Southampton) • • M2oth of the month Southampt. Sept. 23 Mediterranean (via Marseilles) N 7 th&24thofmonth Dover .. Sept, 15 Mexico 33 2d of the mouth.. Southampt. Oct. 5 Madeira • • •• .. 31 9th of the month Southampt. Oot. 16 Malta* • • • • „ 7th,l7th 19th 27th & 30th of month Dover Sept. 18 Naples* .. N,sth 15th 25th ofme,Dover Sept. 22 Papal States* N , sth 15th 25th of mo Dover .. Sept. 22 Peninsular.. •• M ! 7th 17th 27th of molSonthampt. ,Sept. 16 Peru 31;17th of the month Sonthanint. ;Oct. 5 Tuscany* IT l sth 15th 25th ofmo Dover .. 'Sept. 24 West Indies .. M 17th of the month Southampt. Sept. 20 West Indies (except Havanna & Nassau) 31 2d of the month .. Southampt. /Sep'. 20 * The mails to those countries thus marked (°) r.rc pa,icet Claavostru..—Mails to and from California, via the United StateB are now deepatched and duo by syery American packet. THE LONDON GAZETTE, Sept. 1 2 .., DO WNING-STREE SEPT, 12, 1851. 1 The Queen has been peen to uppoint Wtiliani Dee , Lieutetevit-Colonel in the Corps of Roy al neers, Companion of the Most H on. Order of the Bs ;l e ! to be Governor and Commander in Chief in and the Island o Malta and its depi , ndeocies. ; t ob° Her Mejes f ty hal also been pleesed to appost- J Joseph Esdaile, Esq., to be Provost Marshal for Maud of Nevis. BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED. not Henry George Harrison, wheelwright, iiiug'B4" Hcxton Old Town. RU. • David French and BANK Arehibald PTS Sands, coal ftiotor to surrender O an Nov. 8. a t &leo% 7.• the Chath Court of Benkrnptcyct. 2. Nic dholson, official assig°o76 Besingliallestrtee ; Ls'vrcnce, Piews, and Beyer* Jewry-chambers. Samuel Cennock, jun., tobaccenist, Cheltenhellollt Westminster road,. Sept. 20, at two, and 014, eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, c assignee, Basinghall-street; Rogerson and Ford, 1? " can's Inn-fields; Carter, Gloucester. 2 silk Edward Lacey, glass dealer, Birmiegham,SoPt.,;: et Oct. 14, at half-past eleven, at the Birtnieghsco,„wfole Court. Vialpy, official assignee, Birmingham; Bay Birmingham. Meethew , clothier, Painswiek, Gloucestero.bire; Sept. 25 and O Liste ct. r 28, at eleven at the Bristol Disll.--.1 Court. Acraman, official assignee, Bristol; Keyleit Strou hn d. d 6 4 ' Jo Beach, apothecary, Bradford , Sept. 25 o f 20, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. _Alqad; official assignee, Leeds; Terry and Viratsou, 1311' Bond and Barwick, Leeds. OA *, Thomas Hurst, printer, Warrington lisn,Dise. Sept. 22 and Nov. 4, at twelve, at the datic,o hes: o B6 trict Court. Fraser, official assignee, ikt'nu- Cobbett, Manchester; Ford, Lincoln's Inn-fields. tire Samuel Walker, dyer, Little Lever, Lan_6ll,,Dir Sept. 26, and Nov. 3, at twelve, at the Misuchos'' ae, • ilea Court. Pott, official assignee, Manchester; Worthington, and Shipman, Manchester. DIVIDENDS. At the Court, Basin hall-street opee W. Steane, Wellingborough, grocer, Oct. 2' e. teilOrt H. M. Waller, Foulsham, Norfolk, merchsnt 1113.6 m' oo Oct. 8, at halt-past twelve—H. Marten, Lewes , arr. draper, Oct. 7, at two—S. Cockerill, Is t°% o rthsol.o per, Oct. 7, at eleven—J. T. Sutton, S car boroug h, 11/ 0 1. mariner, Oct. 6, at half-past one---W Fineber ' d ee Fincher, Ivy-bridge, Devonshire, paper . insot i g. fle fee s- Oct. 8, at one—W. S. Brown, se n e and "'ore: jun., Broad-street, R.rtciiff, sailmakers, Oct. u'eet," J. Barber, Eaton Socon, Bedfordshire, buildecr.,„,-010°.; two—T. N. Brown, Fetter-lane, and Thrvrtees'l street, City, stock and share broker, Oct. 7, W. . Creed, Tilbury Fort, Essex, innkeeper, v't" half-past one. In the Country. e r ale J. Price and J. Lavender, Birmingham, P!r „ a gsr" Oct. 21, at half past eleven, at the Court. BiL— NOTICES OF CERTIFICATB ° ' At the Court, Bastrighall street. .0010, W. S. Mereweatber, West Ham, Essex , I' ll 00 0 . 11? " Oct. 6, at one—C Johns, Great Queen-street, fitiv, Inn-fields, and Kirby street, Hatton-ga t t ger dealer and looking glass manufacturer,7,ll" In the Country. C. F. Thomas, Bristol, ship broker, Oct. IS , t ry ' te at the Court, Bristol—S. Joule and J. J oule , lisd er ,a Soule, as advertised in last Tuesday's Gaze ttei ' fl field and Rainow. Cheshire, ribbon n3anufsc(ore ootton spinners, Oct. 1, at twelve, at the Co us tas 4 fl. cheater—J. Chew, Manchester, stuff manut e — sn d , A ,;" 3, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—J. Yeate, Oswestry, Shropshire, drapers, Oct. 7, gi s ' t or; eleven, at the Court, Manchester—T. J. King' 01 0 ' Worcester. innkeeper, Oct. 14, at bait - Ps a t"-° . el the Court, Birmingham. CERTIFICATES GRANTED. „gadgid J. Burr, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, eartbenwoB—oostiS turer, certificate of the third class, after twe ut i,aell , from Au,;. 28—G. Stnelbe, High-street, Sho':: 0101 ca verslth and general salesman, of tße c tiOr class—R. Peach, Thorney, Lie of Ely, butciv ii r gi foola salesman, certificate of the second class— . ter `,"„. ter Great Percy-street, Pentonville. railway co n "'" c • builder, ceitificate - of the second class. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVEv• R. Gilt), and S. Morgan, Newport, Motir,L, °- contractors—J. S. Orford and W. Kirkham , n e sif piper hangers—J. Saward, jun.. and C. Hertford-place, Commercial-rcad East, li 1., 4 op t neou r ,, Dov T. Hones and W. Hones, Coivill-terrace, Cbelseiffe, mongers—O. Ormerod and T. Harrison, liind ie &lol, brickmakers—R. M. Wright and W. Peirsotit otl street-buildings, City, dryealters—S. Scrow er°ft t es,,/' - Cartwright, Dudley, Worcestershire, coal tru is o k Ah Yr Sanderson, W. D. Sanderson, and T. Eas t ,t y,P er- kic r cheater, leather factors—T. Blakey and J. t h 3:: machine makers—R. Philip and J. Xt ll gi" `lu, Margate, Kingston-upon-Hull, printers — W(}, Ark, and J. Chamberlin, jun., Norwich, groce rt r er e". and E. Gee, Liverpool, wholesale tea deal cot Carruthers and W. Gibbons, Over Darwen, 14513 silk bonnet wire manufacturers—H. W. P°111)5111 Prothoroe, Austinfriars, commission agents. INSOLVENT PETITIONERS . John Boyce, King's Lynn, Norfolk, labourer. William Wood, Lydd, Kent, baker. Walter Slater, Brighton, watchmaker. ker . it Isaac Craven, Bradford, Yoskshire, cabinet ar ts Ot John Dyson, Meltham, Yorkshire, nianot Aci woollen cloth. John Share, Dudley, Worcestershire, miner. ..„ 0 ' SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS,' be A. Gentles, Falkirk, currier, to mee t witb Bell Inn, Falkirk, Sept. 16 and Oct. 7, at tivc " II P. Kimniond and Sons ; Dund ee , mercbaEt 00 1 ' within the Royal Hotel, Dund e e, Sept. 17 at twelve. a tb° W. Smith, Inverness, grocer, to meet wit bi— give fe :05 Royal Hotel, Inverness, Sept. 18 and Oct. 14,5, fri " J. Main, Edinburgh, bootmaker, to „P i p ee g,s l , 4 ,o Dowell's Room?, Edinburgh, Sept. 18 and ve" a t J. Boyd, Dundee, boot and shoemaker, to at the Fleece Tavern, Dundee, Sept. 18 and Oct. '' 40 PRICE OF SUGAR. The average price of Brown or Muscovado g-tiglift'n puted from returns made in the week ant " e 0 1 ' 1851, exclusive of Customs Duties paid or paY o fi on the importation thereof into Great 13ritaill 1 7 40 1 From the British possessions in America 24 5 . From the Mauritius ... 255. From the East Indies 280. g Average price of the three foregoing de scriptions of sugar, jointly, computed as o il ° above, and exclusive of duty „. 255. u* -- By authority of Parliament, oft HENRY BICHN ELL. Clerk of the Grocers C ° Grocers'-hall, Sept. 12. _....- - alts ll. RAILWAY SHARE MA-- _. 10 , BRISTOL, SEPT. 12. OP 411 STocm EXOAANGX.—The share market cont.eitiv tremely inactive. The only transactions reP ri were—Great Western (Original Stuck), 7 5 % ...- Stock, 43 A Oi l LIVERPOO' 12 OP _L, SEPT. IZ. d o pt STOCK EXCHATi GE. The share market open, e . . t oclo 9 ll:l morning, with a tolerable demand for the beg 'Alp d ' towards the close became flatter, and closed bt,' transactions were as follow:—Birkenhead, Lat"—Neo. Cheshire (late C. and B. ), 15—Ditto, 221. Share -s+ 15. 1° ,0 Lancashire and Yorkshire, 49y s , Ditto, Fifthe, ° eon —London and North-Western, 11VA Ditto N e*c r r efer ee t o 1 3 4 p.—Mauchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnstiir e, 114 ? —Midland, 44—Ditto, Halves, 19 dis — 5°121-‘ s • and Dover, 19!,i. MANCHESTER, SapT. 12 . tin t 0f 111 0 STOCK EXCHANGE.—There was a fair ain (4 l, n cy. f ir ness done today, but prices had a downward tenujirlie transactions were as follow :—East Lancashire , 13 " -fiff cashire and Yorkshire, 49 —Dit to, Prefareee"frefe , i t ym Ditto, Fifths, 8% dis.—Caledonian, 105A — D irte ' ilt o d ,4 6 :5 - 16—BirkenbraJ, Lancashire, and Ches hire 12 1 * dia Whartdales, ss. Mid i la szB nd p. S_to so ckt ut 4 :?:ll; soro cii 9 and North-Western, New Quarters, 134 p. __Ditto,, ot erc and Birmingham Quarters (C), Dover, 19%—Sheffield, Rotherham, and Goole L Division), 20. coal BIRMINGHAM, SEPT. 1 2 . p 0 'Ch EXCHANGE.— The business transacted tifr to-day was limited, but prices generally were Prnt 11 ett90 so supported. The only transaction reported was fordshire, 3 1 4 3 dis. fro. Sa t : a , bi! THISTED, SEPT. s.—The Gustavo), of !so Stockholm for Amsterdam, has been assiste— nye ear port dismasted, and with part of cargo throw° - of co I)HONTHEIM, AUG. 27.—The Phoenix, ben ce mile ' land, was stranded off Magaroen during II b week. At st iro o o o lo o ,o fADVERTISEDIENT.j—THE EARL or AND HOLLOWAY'S Prnns.—An astounding cure by this tl e t r° l medicine, after every other means had failed. See elvb. jlr Lordship's letter, dated " Villa Messina, Leghor n ' piliftha v- its% Professor Holloway—Sir : I beg to acquaint you tha t ev fected a cure of a disorder in my liver and stomach n e at, eminent of the faculty, at home and all over theme ~.n.e b — m b art.,,,'' been able to effect; nay, not even the waters Pri. o l,l" rienbad. (Signed) " ALDBOIOUGH." These fico_ A .. - tow cure any disease of the liver or stomach.—Sold (it stptlw Ointment) at Professor Holloway's Establishment , 2 7 by 4.11 modicinA vendor, throurhout the civilised BIRTHS. ! 90 111* Ar O oti n nlle t tr h hy e e. 10th inst., at New Ormond-street, C2ll,,e,deir.sollll6 OF A 80 N the wife of Lieutenant William P. Draffen, WI 10th inst., atetEbbDuuArrgyuh-as,treet, the wif e 0f the PI. Brymer Belcher. On the 9th inst., at Newbu r gh il° of Captain Gustavus Coulson, A o w On the 10th inst., at Gloucester-terraoo, )31"e.". wife of T. J. Angell, Esq. NARR/E NH t DI TE :. Johnstone, Esq.. to Julia, 110 . , ifil 0. Whitmarsh, of Cavendist.. on On the • 9th inst.. at All Souls', anghanlllB%4lo On the 9th inst., at Maidsto ß ne . , College, OstordlY . rr-Rthevu.narber.ltridt: to xis, f xrx r a , oc,.fn O . ' of H. Godden, f h B of u O s i . ni ro i t i r li d e e est l e lth quatordes.:lgahrtthera,o)f,:rvivgs;; 0 On the ' . E l ' O ci th ' 1 0 ifi DIED. 14 inst., in Bury-street. St. Jam e e s d 79, o rt . Eq., of Somerfield-house, Maidstooe• Brou inst., at DUoirl'ot.opdfalc'eo,rkcsihapirhea, m ag .rood, so 0 _ I glaton, Esq., aged 75. ss sl3" ao ..,._, the 9th inst., at Richmond, Surrey, M i job Blibset Ellis, aged 73. a d s of Haora n rilliist t s,h h ttoe e 7 9 .s t q h ua i r n e s . t., at Woolvers Dean, An d°l l r : P li. ' Georgians, relict of the late John B. Ric har— ' _,,, it• Br) °, Wil liv. . J o hn Lane , and I t i 1i(1' 0 n 1 ‘ t tt h iltai e e : 2 : l i 9 : 4ll .t da :t h sa h ow , eat Lrty i i ae n ann s na rsho t ite .. of. , ,, at ica,) :pt i oat S rthte t oe . r ~ A acag u tr e b od 3tn ;6: ' co s ~ cs S i r n o ,. u n i t , b s rje s i 1r ! ail bo ici swir, r o v f 'ai f l is wife : I' f a ° l‘ g v l e er : _______--- , e , o• •ah , ..,......16....0 , 77•1.1.0.4 • 41.1110LNUM ,. ..... ----------'---;-, OCP 11i i Lon(l^n: Printed end Publi.,hed by 1 11-1 : 3 -1 a 4l Strand, in the Precinct of the. Savor. hi we bliddleauf Saturday, September 13,1 r3 5 Esq., of Islevrott 9 amllllllllol l ~s It Bank Tia VIDE aPPoil At Lino at 131 The at 6p rut. m °A.. 16 xpre .44,84 Mt; Thl4 Iks —....... 141 ~na~ byy F~ L Ttibul bUbli han k ] Partic Loi Eh- Gel ........ G Xin g thro e llngt( rers , Linec c S4 Ol et A aft*