The Sun. — London, England, 1850-09-16 00:00:00

:..' .___-- . .... ..,---- . . . e, . . • It V" , _ 41111110- • . . .•. !: , C t ki ... ..1 "... 7. ~si , , , ~, 4 V I E. i ..',..?* . N, f 4t,k '-' ~, . „ r r< . .0 11 I ' .. 7tif 4 91 V ' , 1. , ,..7 ... I .7 A i'- - ': " -._.,.. -e- A, ' , ~ • ' ' O. •K-;17 tv} -'._. 6. ; k, • l e 1 ,-..- •n ,., , I , \?, r ' : : .±...,.....„• - •1 1. ‘..'• '''' -' 4 • , 4IL . , 0' (.'Af. I 41 , „.,......„. „, ...., i z ., ~.:,.. ~,),, ~,,,,_ .. • 7 .., \ ", : „..„---_,.,..k... .1: ‘, \l' ~//__, ro - . .._ ~ , xst s t ) ,Iq-,67—' vi1Lzi...,t`,..411-4 ) - •_-,:.;.- i „./..--:; - 4 ,' • , -- i . C t_',. / • ae "v -... ..„ It IN K of ENGLAND , S EPTEMBER 12, 1850. D e rtngl atid mi The C ourt of Di rectors of the Governor d Company of the tZ at give notice, Do n'La, GENERAL, COURT will be held e t the Bank on Tut:us ef a 1;5 t he 19th i nstant, at Twelve o'clock precisely, to consider hppoiliT by the har igend; this will also be one o f t h e Quarterly General Courts eel Cer. ..._ AL APPOINTMENTS. Aumanders—James Archibald Macdonald, to be inspecting commander of the Westport coast guard district, vice Jonas Archer Abbott, removed to the ißalligcastle district, vice Edward Holland, whose period of service has expired ; Augustus John Wocdlev, to be inspecting commander of the Scilly coast guard district, vice Norman, removed; William Henry Webb, to be inspecting 'commander of the Sheerness coast guard district, vice R. S. Smith, re moved. Lieutenants (R.N.)—Godolphin James Burslem, to command the Clogby coast guard station, vice R. Maingaye, removed ; William Alfred R. Pearse, to command the Harwich station4ice Thomas C. Ross, removed, hi s appo i ntment to MAsehole station, pre viously announced, having been cancelled; Thomas Curtis Ross, from Harwich to Prowle station, vice Burney (master, R.N.), removed. Masters —John Anderson, to command the coast guard station at Downderry, vice Be- - ir deceased; Henry Duncan Burney, from P aehole station, vice Elias Hyne, decea se . Assistant Engineers—W 4, to Dragon, stea m -f r i gate, Portsmouth; t or, to es' 'Gregor, to the Ret r ib u ti on, steam-frigate, at Portsmouth. Midshipmen—Algernoon Wootton, Henry Hand, Frederick Py m , W . B . Bingham, and J, P. Doughty, to the Portland, 50, flag-ship for the Pacific, at De vonport ; Archibald G. S. Boyle, to the Firefly, steam vessel, Woolwich ; Lord Francis Conyngham, to the Frolic, 16, in the Mediterranean. Naval Cadets—Prince Ernest of Leiningen, to the Fox, 42, Spithead, for the East Indies ; Percy Nind to the Dragon. The following officers passed their examinations in navigation, at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, last week :—For Lieutenants —Messrs. George W. Pakenham Edwards, Leslie, G. B. Hamilton, T. H. Green, and G. V. Phillipps. For Masters —Messrs. Ambrose, J. A. Berton, John Waye, and Mark Netten. The Board of Admiralty, now engaged in a tour of inspection of the outports and dockyards, re turned from their visit to Plymouth Breakwater at 4.45 P.M. on Thursday—landed at the dockyard, and visited the apprentices' school, and expressed their pleasure at the attention and proficiency of the boys. They then proceeded to their hotel, and, after their entertainment to the heads of departments and cap tains of ships in commission, embarked in their steam yacht, Black Eagle, at 4.30 A.B.f. on Friday, and proceeded from Queenstown under a salute from the Impregnable flag-ship of the Port-Admiral. Their Lordships return to Milford-yard from Queenstown, and, after inspecting the Admiralty works there, re turn to the Admiralty viii Bristol. Commander Crispin's engine-room telegraph, in use on board the royal yacht Victoria and Albert for the last three years with the best effect, has been ordered by the Admiralty to be fitted to the Dauntless and Resolution steam-frigates. This telegraph ought to be fitted to every steamer. Two Turkish men-of-war are daily expected at Spithead—one a large frigate, the Miral Z a f er , Cap tain Mehem e t B ey , an d the brig Suray Bahra. Cap tain Slade, R.N., is with them, and it is said they in tend to visit the United States. His Netherlands Majesty's schooner Atalanta, Lieutenant Commander Jonkheer A. Klerck, from £lelvoetslu3s, arrived at .Spithead on Saturday, and went into Portsmouth Harbour, where she is to await the arrival of his 41Iajesty's frigate Prins Van Orange. Albion, 90, Captain Hope Johnstone, does not pick up her increased advanced complement of blue jackets so speedily as we could desire. She has only entered about £0 out of the 100 wanted. Firefly, 3, steam-vessel, Com. Seymour, was re ported complete by the dockyard, Woolwich, on Sa turday. A correspondent from Portsmouth says— " In addition to the services you have given the com mander of the Firefly, you may say he took the Lily to the coast from England in command, and com manded her twenty months, was the only officer not promoted in 1841 who had held a command, was first lieutenant of the Racer, 16, when she was dismasted in a hurricane in the West Indies, and, moreover, he has seen a deal of boat service and sickness on the coast." JOfl BENTLEY, Secretary, 185 GUI LDH ALL, SEPTEMBER 2, O. .9e1(1.1 COMMITTEE FOR I ETTING THE the IBP's L.A.Rns will meet at GUILDH j ALL, on WEDNESDAY, lith s c e l ay of Seat: inst., at One o'clock precisely , (instead of seat'4l. Ltr,Pteraber, as previously advertised), to receive IL R , S S t w ,, , G. on LEASE, for twenty-one years from Michae wail % ° '''' )U Ses, Nos. 2S and 29, on the south side of Broad-street 4,,Alsogt. •ure.„l e receive tenders for lettin , * am lease for 17 1 ,i years (less kl e oi'aYs), from Michaelmas next ' a , House, No. _I, en the north ?tohehristoPherstreet 'Finsb-r; Obtai„,,,," Particulars and ' plans ;a) , be seen, and forms of tender -4,1 t he Ofllee of Works, Guildhall. THOMAS SAUNDERS, Comptroller. u, ne , PAg v7jAk°,' vir,7 3 GLIL4I '`e SEPTEMBER 16 1850. N°. 18,090.] LONDON, MONDAY .n ?J. [PRICE SD. 113gPUTAD LIVE POLICIZS: their blue rugged peaks one above the other, are the mountains of Matagalpa merging into those of Le gone, rich in metallic veins. Upon the south and west are broad and fertile slopes and level plains, co vered with luxuriant verdure, and of almost unli mited productiveness. The volcano of Momotombo, like a giant wonder, stands out boldly into the like, its bare and blackened summit, which no man has ever reached, covered with a light wreath of smoke, attesting the continued existence of those internal fires which have seamed its steep sides with burning floods, and which still send forth hot and sulphurous springs at its base. Within the lake itself rises the regular cone of Momotombita, so regular that it seems a work of art, covered with a dense forest, under the shadows and within the deep recesses of which, frayed by the storms of ages, stand the rude and frowning statues of the gods of aboriginal super stition, raised long before European feet trod the soil of America, and to which the mind of the Christian ised Indian still reverts with a mysterious reverence impossible to conceal. "Between the north-western extremity of this lake and the Pacific, are the great plains already mentioned. Three lines across this plain have been suggested : Ist, by the left shore of the lake to the small tork of the Tamarinda ; 2d, by the same shore of the well known port of Realejo; and 3d, by the upper shore of the lake to the Gulf of F onseca or C onc h agua . .It i s probable all of these lines are feasible, but a minute survey can only determine which is best. " The first line suggested, that to the foot of the Tamarinds, is considerably shorter than either of the others, not exceeding 15 or 18 miles in length. But, said Mr. Squier; the water offlOW lake upon its north western shore is shallow. He had sounded it in July, 1849. It deepened regularly from the shore to the distance of one mile, when it attained five fathoms. After that it deepened rapidly to ten and fifteen f.ithoms. The country between the lake and the Tamarinds, so far as can be ascertained, the country being covered with forests, is level, and offers no in superable obstacle to a canal. There is no town or village near it, as it seems to have escaped general notice. Nor is it - known that it has ever been entered by vessels, except in one or two instances for the purpose of loading Brazil wood. It is small, though tolerably well protected. It is not, however, a proper termination for a work like the proposed canal. "The second line is to the Port of Realejo, which is properly an inlet, formed by the junction of the Dona Paula and Realejo Rivers, and protected on the side of the sea by the islands of Carden and Assassa dens, and a bluff of the main land. It is safe and commodious ; the water good, ranging from three to eight and nine fathoms. The volcano of the Viejo, lifting its cone nearly 7,000 feet above the sea to the north-eastward of the port, forms an unmistakable landmark to the mariner when no other part of the coast is visible. This line, starting from the nearest practicable point of Lake Managua, cannot fall short of 45 miles in length. It has been said that the Dona Paula might be made use of for a considerable dis tance, but such is not the fact. There is no stream upon this line which, as has been supposed by various writers on the subject, can be made available for the uses of the canal. The Rio Tostal' of which they speak, by which, from its described position the Rio Telica is supposed to be meant (fer no 'Rio Tostal' exists), is a small stream; insufficient for any im portant purpose. I can discover, said Mr. Squier, no reason why this line cannot be advantageously pur sued. It has the present advantage of passing through the most populated and best cultivated part of the country, and terminating at a point already we known. DISCOVERY OF TILE ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE, OR LOST WISDOM OF EGYPT. DR. IIoWARD'S NEW WORK. REVELATIONS of EGYPTIAN MYSTERIES. " These Revelations are of the highest possible interest, and im portant to the well-being of the public."—Asiatic Quarterly Journal. " Full of interesting facts, and much to amuse the reader."— John Bull. " A trial of considerable interest to Life Assurance Offices and the public was concluded yesterday in the Court of Exchequer. The Eagle Company held a policy for an assurance of 5391. in the Albion Company as security for an advance, the payment of which policy was now disputed by the Albion, 01 the ground that at the time it was effected the fkct of the assured party having been a man of in temperate habits was concealed from the office. The chief evidence turnel upon the question as to the degree of intemperance that had been exhibited, and the result was, that a verdict was given against the resisting office; not only for the amount of the policy, but also for 401. interest from the date when it became due. The circumstance of the action being brought by one office against another presents a striking illustration of the uncertainty which may attach to all po licies under the present system, and shows that the only mode by which absolute security can be obtained by the public must lie in the general adoption by Assurance Offices of the plan of protecting them selves in every case by due inquiries before the grantinr , f each po licy, and of afterwards assuming the full responsibility of the com pleteness of such inquiries by holding themselves precluded from raising any future question. In the present case two offices are found to be diametrically opposed in their opinions as to what can properly invalidate a claim, and yet the public are expected to be able to guare themselves against such contingences. Similar cases have occurred before, and even if they were more rare, they would seriously injure the progress of life assurance. The very principle Upon which the business is founded is the removal of uncertainty, and whenever that principle is counteracted in the slightest degree, the people who would be the first to resort to its advantages are the first to 5e deterred."—Times, July 11, 1850. T HE LONDON INDISPUTABLE LIFE POLICY COMPANY No. 72, LOMBARD-STREET, LONDON. TRUSTEES. 1. Campbell Renton, Esq., M.P. Richard Spooner, Esq., M.P. Richard Maims, Esq., Q.C. I James Fuller Madox, Esq. Villiam Wilberforce, Esq. DIRECTORS. Robert Henry Forman, Esq. John Hamilton, Esq. James Fuller Madox, Esq. John Matthews, Esq. C. Octavius Parnell, Esq. AUDITORS. ;James Turner, Esq. (David Henry Stone, Esq. t — , t or ,„ to n s",„'INT to a DECREE of the HIGH 1 1 . - -rEit, lr t i,. of CHANCERY, made in a cause NASA against Nillas ,sitsorthendl.uiehitCreditors of JANE NASA, late of ,j1;1. fore:len Th. i n the county of Middlesex, wido ß w ° o sa f Y Thorn ts a lt s , lu th e _Y , of the same place, gentlemaia (and which Jane N I...No,,erahnmh of October, 1848), are, on or before the 4th day 4 1: I(l7, i ; ExsLx o, to com . e in and prove their debts f b t RICHARD s Esquire, one of . the Masters o Or 1 d efaul t ers , Cha IYr; _,.11 th bit.,mt.,, t lile t r il ee d . ay out hampton-buddings, Chancey lane London, lane, London Court, ''' the s a ,, , ereof they will peremptorily be excluded the benefit of September, 1850. C i T. KINDERLT. JO HN HENRY TI AYLOR IARD , Plaintiff's SoSlicitEor, 15 , South-street, Finsbury-square. Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough-street; the Author, 6, Upper Gloucester-street, Dorset-square, London; and all Booksellers. Bvo., 105. 6d. " Familiar in their Mouths as HOUSEHOLD WORDS." —Shakespeare. On the 20th instant will be published, price ss. 6d , in cloth boards, THE FIRST VOLUME OF HOUSEHOLD WORDS. A WEEKLY JOURNAL, designed for the Instruction and Entertainment of all classes of Readers. Conducted by C HARLES DICKENS. . . 11.1 t A . . zsi espaurttaniteedi Kingdom, or any Foreign Country whatsoever. ih,_ dot the Comptroller for Victualling and Transport ef;:,lont oii ,._. on Services, Semerset-place, August 3, lair United .7,!! :I's for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral er,...yetu be _ .sthasieav, tli e3 r , that en ' - ,,, m .c10rn of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereb ; v gi the 26th September next, at One o Flock, vATllk ei ,‘acl to treat with such persons as may be willing to of th • forthe supply of a quantity of t : i llre of th e SALT PORK, ha se ° ever, e United Kingdom, or of any Foreign Coun . try , 4.. 4, a m 3 _41,1a1 to 5,500 tierces, to be cured in tin ensu frs t o 4rrela . ex " e ' e 131, delivered tiro-fifths in tierces, and three : 6 ll [l "s . ti_tiloutelbotennedefrs %Par:livered trg a part thereof. equal to 30 tierces, whic casks containing 1001bs. each, and for which ti;i-34hips re'seer are to be made ; and also for 50 additional tierces which separate tenders are also to be made ; their )411 041' "enetl7in f g t• thems elves the power, when for stueenb -4Y po rt er , s of en'y, asec'tracting either for the whole, t o r r ac o ti r ng. for 'lo4 llty . d moo they may deem fit, or of not con E ves an unlimited power of selection, according to lki a mr_ Tend er , Tb , Parate - "° specify where the meat is intended to be cured, b ep e Pop, Price for each denomination of cure comprised therein. to be deliverd into her Majesty's Victualling Stores at troliFsid, Ports I% l _ as s h,„, Mouth, Plymouth and llaulbowline, in such prop:or vet ;...., ". h ereafter be directed, and within the following One-third Itild t, IWO-thlrdsi On or before tie , i- } 1851. hr iod 0: l ' ai d for b diet March c 31st May Th e ~,, deliv er 3' bills Payable at sight, but not during the first 4Plyi,""ndltionso' ff" any quantity beyond that specified.. b., Sto the A the coxtract may be seen at this office, or by n 3 1agent for the Victuallin- at Cork, or to the Collectors 7,,11e see:Ls Customs at Limerick, Belfast, Waterford, and Newry, e o t t at A ge ' n Ti f rf of the Postaster-General at Dublin, or to the e lk f end " Ain °br Trans Ports at Leith. t aeh or the . u. ? admitted for a less quantity than 300 tierces.iebxs -Iqtend the sl 4 l l l 2hty th be delivered in casks, containing 100 . ho t 44 kler,,,tu,taY without bone. k eitit llene ._ be received after One o'clock on the day of treaty, !4itrzetrydliltynaloe'trl:r7seassinthweriptianrgty. attends, his or some person on Te 3 ' , b e M ust be addressed to the Secretary of the Ad anbitrider fop s ar ln the left-hand corner of the envelope the words ~4 tt er4 lB, i° b o delr t Pork," Comptroller for Victualling," and "itik 4 -Zned ~ vered at Somerset-place and be accompanied by a lity,, Ole I , e "3" two responsible persons ' engaging to become bound "uht or tb??nntendeling, in a suns eci 'vo tract, for the due performance of the same. ual to 25/. per cent. on the The Fifth ',Tenthly Part was published on the Ist instant. Office, No. 16, Wellington-street North (where all Communications to the Editor must be addressed); and all Booksellers and Newsmen. Now ready price 25., ALETTER to 'LORD DENMAN from LORD BROUGHAM, on the LEGISL.U'ION of 1850, as regards the AMENDMENT of the LAW. James Ridgway, Piccadilly, and all Booksellers. FORD'S WELLINGTON FAMILY and COMMERCIAL HOTEL, DALE-STREET, LIVERPOOL. This Hotel, situated in the immediate vicinity of the Exchange, Docks, and other places of public and commercial resort, is fitted up In first-rate style, and the accommodations for American, Foreign, as well as English strangers, will be found everything that is desirable, while the arrangements of the "Cuisine" are in the hands of a first-rate Cook. The Proprietor urther wishes to intimate that his Coffee and Commercial Rooms, as well as Sitting and Bed Rooms, will be found second to none in the kingdom. N.B. The charges for servants are included in the Bill (except those who only stay a few hours), viz., Waiter, Porter, and Chambermaid, and it is respectfully intimated that all further payment is unne cessary. William Adams, Esq. John Atkins, Esq. Henry Augustus Bevan, Esq. J. Thompson Bramwell, Esq. John Dangertleld, Esq. (43orge Cumming, Esq. William D. Starling, Esq. SECRETARY—David Alison, Esq. BANICERS—Messrs. Spooner, Attwoods, and Co. PADDINGTON LOCAL BOARD. 24, Connaught•terrace, Edgeware•road. Rev. James Sherbold Boone, A.M., Stanhope-street, Hyde-park. Captain Creed, Norfolk-crescent, Oxford-square. Charles Pemberton, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and Lin• THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC CANAL. The New York Daily Tribune of the 23d ult. con thins a report of a lecture upon the volcanic pheno mena of Central America, and the geographical and topographical features of Nicaragua, delivered on the 21st ult. by Mr. E. G. Squier, the American Charge d'Affaires in . Nicaragua, at an evening session of the American Association for the Advancement of Sci ence, assembled at Newhaven, in Connecticut. The concluding portion of the lecture, treating of the plan for a canal between the Atlantic and Pacific, was as follows : " Mr. Squier here observed that he should omit any further references to volcanoes, although there remained many facts of interest to be presented, in order to submit, in compliance with request, some brief observations upon the geographical and topo graphical features of that part of Central America embraced in the state of Nicaragua, particularly as connected with the proposed great interoceanic canal. He, however, wished to say, once for all, that he had no prejudices in favour of one or the other proposed routes of communication across the continents, his only wish being that the best shall be decided upon, and the grand enterprise carried out. He did not ap pear as the advocate of one line of transit at the ex• pense of the other, nor as the mouthpiece of any set of speculators. The subject of artificial communication between the oceans had, he said, attracted attention for more than three hundred years, and upwards of one hundred books and memoirs had been written on the subject—most, however, based upon exceedingly imperfect data, collected from va rious and often conflicting and unreliable sources. The great problem connected with the subject, and that which all have esteemed as vital to the question of the communication, has been this : Is the great chain of the Cordilleras interrupted at any point upon the great central isthmus ? This question, observed Mr. Squier, I am enabled to answer in the affirma tive. Between the great basin of Nicaragua, in which are Lakes Managua and Nicaragua, and which is drained by the river San Juan, flowing into the coin's Inn-fields. Thomas Jervis Amos, Esq., York-street, Portman-square. George Y. Robson, Esq., Eastbourne-terrace, Hyde-park, and New. square, Lincoln's Inn. Secretary, Chas. Hoghton , Esq. The POLICIES of this'Conmany, being INDISPUTABLE, form Family Provisions and Negotiable Securities, for their validity is not dependent, as in the case of ordinary Policies, upon the import of previous reports and other documents. Owing to this important improvement in the practice of Life As surance, the progress of this Company has been rapid from the com mencement of its business, and is steadily advancing. Copies of the Report of the last Annual Meeting will be fcrwarded, on application, to Solicitors, to whom Commission is allowed. ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, Manager. Are- - Cabin . E ND STAR PACKETS. Second Class Railway NINEPENCE to 2m 0,,,"‘"1 or from London and Gravesend. d First Class ditto, ONE SIIILLIING. Fors Cabin. To or from Bl a , c k wa ll. ot Chief Cabin.... 9d. 11.5 1 . p_ Intermediate Pier •••• • • " 6th patOckets call eau at Um Grays s Greenhithe, and Purileet .Piers. at ilia Piers as underlined (weather permitting) PROu TERR,ICE PIER, GRAVESEND. Da ECONOMIC LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, The Right Hon. Sir T. FRINKLAND LEWIS, Bart., 31. P. Chairman. HENRY FREDERIC STEPHENSON, Esq., Deputy-Chairman. ADVANTAGES. The Lowest Rates of Premium on the Mutual System. The Whole of the Profits divided among the Assured every Fifth Year. The sum of 274,0001. was added to Policies at the last Division, which produced an average Bonus of 62h, /. per cent. on the Pre miums paid. Amount of Assurance Fund 970,000/. Income 170,0001 per annum. Loans granted on such Policies as are purchasable by the Society. For particulars apply to ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Secretary, 6, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars. I b "It De rs 11 .. b , 4,4 4. • SUNDAYS. nile lOra I Green-I Par- ~.„.IRoshr.• I Ireen-1 ['lir ...., • ys tattle. fleet "—" villa. I ulraYs t'7 ****,.... ' hithe. led ---,-- ita ______ _____ Air _ 2 - t 2 2 I ••••• MUSIC by WILLIAM . TIIOROLD WOOD. The People's Anthem, " God Sava the People"—Quartett, Semi chorus and Chorus, with Pianoforte accompaximent. Poetry by Ebenezer Elliott. Price Is. " We are glad to see that these fins stanzas of the Corn-law Rhymer have at last found tittlng musical utterance. The composer is not unworthy of the poet."—Talt's Magazine, May, 1850. " Dark, Deep, and Cold." - --Qtartett, Semi-chorus and Chorus, with Lithographic Illustration. Poetry by Ebenezer Elliott. A Tribute to the Memory of the People's Poet. Price 3i. " Gather ye rosebuds while ye may."—Madrigal. Poetry by Mer rick. Price 25. \*, .......................................____ 14rtet , , i 1 ' ' 4 ; 111 3-T b Z 'a s in fr s o fr " ) . the Boats marked t hoZOlttrter Of an Pe nchurch-street Station to all parts of London . 0 4 g ucrxs 411 hour. the T WIC IC ARF, BLACKWA LL, on t Vas from WI the Fenehurch-street Station.he arrival Of kN i ,..alti t DAra. 1 ? I --------------------. I lit 'lt- Gre I 1 14 . -Nit the.- I !') "•-• -1------ PIINOFORTE. " The Drawing-room Quadrilles."—A brilliant Duet. Price 4s. " The S sters."—Two Waltzes, with brilliant finale. Price as. " The Free Trade Polka," with beautiful Coloured Illustration. Dedicated to Richard Cobden, Esq., M.P. Price 2s. 6d. "This is just what a polka should be : light, airy, tripping, and full of life, with the time well marked, and easy of execution. A man with the gout, or a lady with the toothache might dance to such music."—The People's and IlDwitt's Journal, June, 1850. " fhe Free Trade Quadrilles." Price 3s. " The Free Trade Waltz," consisting of Waltz, Trio, and brilliant finale. Price 3s. Shepherd and Jones, 98, Newgate-street, London ; and to be had by order of all Musicsellers in the kingdom. SUNDAYS. Carribbean Sea; that is to say, between the western extremity of Lake Managua and the Pacific the Cor dilleras are wholly interrupted, and we have only the great plains of Leon and Conejo, rising., for a distance of 3,000 yards, to an elevation of about 60 feet above the lake and 200 above the see, and thence subsiding, 'Gray s 'Ti mo. Itoshr. ♦llle. Pur tleet Green -11 Grays hithe. Roshr• 1 vile. H. M .- i i I I ,e Packets not being per- 1.48. ; Six Months, 21. 15s. ; le Collectors on board the avesend. tte Station, September 14 v 1850. c. r. RONEY, Secretary. b.. 0 4,4° N1) — N AND NORTH-WESTERN Ori RAILWAY. ittk l jo,„„ N,,, 443, , the 171h DO sI N , CASTER RACES. e ll °ay .4, C r „ . th e 2 „„ , ednesday, the 18th, Thursday, the t 29 a t n h, r A 'r • ;_ai p an . , n September, a SPECIAL TRAIN for Fir j s our d_ 14 11 , tiZtirst cr o e ngers, at ONE FARE for the DOUBLE ~ ,4 11 1;1 18 to,,- -A 315 • ; Second Class, 233. 62., will be dispatched 41i .Itt li i , - Station each morning at a Quarter before Seven, tr e on o tol, AttT u ster at 11 45 A. Ch er kt G 45. It X IRAIN will M. leava Doncaster for London ea cl e z ,, lia na , By order, gel' 8 Office, Euston Station, k•ATitember 5, 1850. lii.c.r.,r LAST TRIP THIS SEASON. kl e v ' .i' 111 .1 uS : EXCURSION TRAIN to EDIN 10,.Aatalastot,-- and GLASGOW and BACK, or 375. Gd., will 'lci ii. D Elt,urrior3 on Monday, October 7, for 5 or 12 . days. 11 1 head ) 4 0 , 1 1 . N,1 1 k00d ° a 1 1 11 2 111 London to Dublin and Back, o N: ll .2 -j e ° y Y s. ' ilil u tly. olceto7ico.ylootiovbcrer 7, l 33ffering a cli t oice .in o a t 5 1 t 'he l)l: oteo 'F 7, or Manchestc2rd.lysßack, for 215., on N' 7 , f - G r ..? I ° ,l to Bait o,or c choice of 5 or s ecb: l l) 14,475,3, offering ' a choice Corn s way r l a 2 n d d: , l 3 3 ,s arck, on Mon!ay, (j,,,' 7 , fo r g '' o ll to Chester or h o . .-b o ury and Back, on Monday, 1,444,71) tze..`.03., offering a cho'ce r f " s 6 or 12 days. I .h e se . 4 earulsion from London ' to o ßirmingham and Back, for 12e. 0, 4 th73.cu rs r , ), on Monday, October 7, for 5 or 12 days. to b liej tae.n.from Londou to Carlisle and Back, for 345. 601. ; hi cl,', -) aok, 3 0 '' 343 . 6d. ; IVinder,nere and Back, 325. 1,2.; Ken ylltt , h od ,. 3.; Lancaster and Dack 215.; Preston and Back, ,keto3to, 01,,Trsfield and Back, 255.; ot ' t M miday, October 7, ofteL ti.,Z ainc.e fil s, ee.,12 days, from Eu‘non Station, Euston.s9uar Y 1 1 .,, Of ',. evry information for the above Excursions, may It - 'oha mi .„': Henryd R. MarcuA, Manager and Conductor, 1 31* ~ I to 1 , tiL ..mrs, 25, Bishopsgate-street Within. Ol'' 41 gt`WO i PO LYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. r yru t ,As i , n „..., 1e11,0444 ' ll O wi ll " - , . , , 1iS in London of tke ALPINE SINGERS t t Ei eet )a th e v Per °rot several of their National Melodies, a is ,. .N h veob t - pe I.r ach ' i v ellillgs at Half-past Eight.—Lecture on the ~ k "Dtr '' at la oe, by Dr. Bachhoffner daily at Two, and in cW'r its tB q., il; Quarter-past Nit, e.—Lecture on Chemistry by J. tit ) , 3l llt 4 11. or si. Mstrating the Ancint Firey Ordeal and the Hang ,,ltil,' at ,: 11 . tio,,tals, daily at a Quarter-pest Three, and in the ~,,lit eft orit ,ra",---Nrodel of Weston's Patent Nova-Motive Rail ),,N .A!Qttl: Wond e Y r * -- lieW Series of Dissolving Views illustrating '. , lvC , retija at, a ~,._8 of Nature, daily at Half-past Four, and in -Nt.44 Itokionsrarter to Ten; also a Series, exli ibitmg Scenes in 'B'' ' , — 2 'e 444Ce Y l ort, daily at One o'clock.—Diver and Acltni s i 3 ° lli 13 . —Schools, Half-price. MARK lIUISLT. Q) rLTT ------ ------- 4 4 -qt, - SUBSCRIPTION ROOMS, Great :411:traild n,, Wi ndmill-stre e t, St. James's. 1 , 1 41 4 1 1 1 N ,INTt it ' Magnificent Salle de Danse has BE-OPENED 0 b .7 r e ,"afict „SEASON, With • Laurent's celebrated aral ,A 4 31 , 1,,1nt - Geeor t „„4".e Rooms during the short recess have been -, ;t 4 „° , 1 4 , `g t o i s- , Under the direction of G. F. Bryer, The Ma vit 4t nfortn the Subscribe s that tey have concluded an Nilles :Mr s t i lens• ROULCOLTRT from Paris, and Artiste vr e , , s tibs ,, r.auss's Orchestra, at the Baths of Vichy, France. qa ti oo4 - Rg, 1, ' r iPtiori : _ stx Y ° Per t The at w , months, W. 55.; one month, 11. ls.; .. I)4le adr ,2 Past Eight, Dancing to commence at Nine pre s4eY clos es at Half-past Eleven. h 6 1 ' 1 IN ; euvD, - 44t° b e bac, -41-WELL'S NEW WORKS. o ttts st re of Sherwood 23, P t rnoster-row ; Carvalho; 1111141 i ez it t uln, 39 , Corn ' bill • a e direct from the author, t h , s tok .s t , e.; by post, is. 6.1 . . or 410-NoiNl':......eallh, ItLeelsirJesaYMENT OF LIFE. tt 4., 1 1 . 4„, 4t p„..13, itiai a n t g ion : and rational Use of T.l_Te._"ings__Ex sNalteld,:t;l' Ikt'ir°42-o.f Pronng.doann d T s h u e mn u e . r2do , ro Lanes, MUS, t". 11 11 1 1. Jale % ,,,sba_d e s, and other pleasant placos- a oHntrY 'W t . 62 : )r arai Lu7, A l -- 7. T n .ond on at Ni ht -Evening.. t g m 07 h. 5 ' u llPatl ' ll en , &e., kl e. g, Drinking, Sleeping, ' I " , Au" 4 VI : , k tleTTB ir b , 11. kT T o - - " , 'Alt TUE MOUNTAINS. Two Tols. t it Tat tiAzz Vol I. 1, 4 k S i SKETCH OF EDINBURG'', ite.„ --t4 OF ....„. Vol. 11. . - '' LARI TEY ; REMINISCENCES OF DUBLIN', 840. s ,l l .)e l in ti la N t Vllll TO EAT, In' 41 ,4 3 , ! --- ar r t -ee 9,,,,.. DRINK, AND AVOID. 14 1 )., ~ebilti view 0 7' e Years and ten our course may run." 1 t t ,,ki g , ,Itted he a ter n ost every form (cause and cure) of net 41°11' t 4 e '" the th and enfeebled constitution, that harasses li l "' With a M I of pleasure: business or study, and em- 1 etr„daya4bles and rtiles for the die i t and physical regu- ' N. NI ss 'ilat paw° TriE PASSIONS. or t‘ ,I t „ t re.ta is as ns hurt the body—what imiyove, Ito% ~.._., ,Lif,,.. efined as Athens ever heard. 147,0•10;:l'on, 7,,t pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent ‘.1.44-7„..neas ads-..a2tity and its infringements. The casualties of narrative, tive Tsipatluu, with illustrations, graphic, dvocitcy of early marriages. v. TUE 1 IiN ILA ,_ i. T o ,„ tARRIAGE STATE. askseti a ? l l ra fr - At : „ .... „..3 or not to be, that is the question." , Pl tt ainn , ~"1 11, and be, of natue, society, and re- Ivn‘re,•+.,l 4 006', -:rriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and chiairdseears 448, as , 3 , ~,,,„`" , age, temperament, complexiota, and tt ' 4' ' t,"tv ene al s til s ~,- ~- -* Pring, With the art of rearing them. (tk,,k it. .. ), .4 ) .„ r i , - --.. its removal. Sterility aid its confer:don. Irtttek Ivre-a"44ty.L%ItIVELL, M.D. (1841), 31.R.C.5. kll ' u l,l l4o triti a years Ntedlcal and For , mile Referee in these (1827), L.S.A. ' 'Plato 4 4 h°l7 s daily till a Ev e nings, save. till '' egentltraot. Ye ' 1 TO THE PUBLIC. To be had at the Post OfilCe,lNeyrnoull7,price Is., or post free, on receipt of 18 postage labels, pre-paid. REMARKS ON THE PORTLAND BREAKWATER By JOHN lIARVEY. And FIRST and SECOND ADDRESSES of his SON, • Mr. JOHN HARVEY. Postmaster of Weymouth, The successful Promoter of the Breakwater. This work appeals mot forcibly to the nautical and mercantile friends of Great Britain. The Act of Parliament for the " Portland Harbour of Refuge and Breakwater" received the Royal Assent Ilth of May, 1847; Prince Albert laid the First Stone on the 25th of July, 1849. _ _ The Book of Remarks, &c., is warmly recommended to the public: it has two Embellishments—one, a Map of the environs of Weymouth awl Dorchester (including the Railroads and Breakwater), describ ing a circle of 12 miles round Weymouth, and forms a complete Chart of the Bay—most useful to mariners -the depth of water hav ing been carefully added. This Map is sold separate at 64., and if sent free by post 10d. The other is a View of Weymouth Bay, &c , with tke proposed Breakwater and Harbour, price 3d. separate, and 4d. if sent free by post. The Government works (1850) exhibit an interesting scene of ac tivity, and attract numbers of visitors daily; some of the Breakwater in an unfinished state is now seen projecting from the shore, and the deposition of stone from the quarrel is regularly and rapidly carried forward by railway. A number of additional tram waggons have lately been received at the works, with a view to the employment of a still larger number of convicts, on the arrival of whom this great national enterprise will be carried on with increased rapidity. Amongst the remarkable machinery to be observed on these works may be mentioned a gigantic crane on a moveable platform, intended for the raising of stones from the recesses of the quarries, and which is capable of sustaining with ease the immense weight of 60 tons An engine has also been racently erected for the chemical impregnation of the driving piles for their preservation, by a new and ingenious process, by which they arc rendered imnerVious to the action of water. The interest which attaches itself to Portland from its rare and abundant fossils, its striking geological strAiflcation, and anti quarian remains is sufficiently notorious. These attractions are now varied and enhanced by the grand exhibition of the fertile resource., the all-conquering ingenuity and profound achievements of the skilful engineer, bending to his uses the most stubborn obstacles, and cir cumscribing the power and sway of the mighty ocean. PORTLAND HARBOUR OF REFUGE. The inhabitants of Weymouth and Portland, feeling that a debt of gratitude is owing to Mr. John Harvey for his and his father's un tiring exertions, both by personal application and writing, in bringing before successive Governments and the public the necessity of a Breakwater at Portland (now happily commenced), have resolved on entering into a subscription to present him with a suitable testi monial. The late Mr. John Harvey was, in 1803, by the especial command of his Majesty George the Third, appointed Postmaster of Weymouth, and the present Mr: John Harvey succeeded his father in the same situation in the year 1817. Subscriptions will be re ceived by the Weymouth Banks, Libraries, and Post-office, and it is hoped that the country generally will unite with the inhabitants of Weymouth and Portland, in promoting this laudable object. C'REMORNE GARDENS, On the Banks of the Thames at Chelsea. Open Daily at Three o'clock. ONE SHILLING ADMISSION. Children, Half-price. Sundays at Half-past Four. No charge for admission except by Refreshment Card—Sixpence. Children under Six years of age free. Director, Mr. T. R. Simpson, Albion, Great Russell-street, Co vent-garden. THIS DAY, September 16, immense Success of Deulin's new Fairy Ballet. " The Origin of Harlequin." New Groupings from the Antique. Dancing to Borini's Band of Fifty Instrumentalists. Madame Antonio will make her marvellous Ascent and Descent on the Rope amid hurricanes of Chevalier Mortram's gorgeous Fireworks. Chattaway's celebrated Brass Band. In active preparation, a Grand Chinese Fete. On Saturday, for the future, the usual entertainments will be pre sented, instead of the Bal al Fresco; and the usual charge for admis sion restored, viz., Is. NEPAULESE ARCIIERY GROUND. Ladies and gentlemen can here enjoy the health-promoting elegant exercise of the graceful bow, with the advantage of proper instruc ion, gratis 1 Shooting three dozen arrows before Five o'clock, ls. ; after Five, Gd. per dozen Matches for Dinner, Wine, and a Prize Bow are always open. Tickets, 10s. Gd. each, to be had of Mr. Teetgen, Archery Manufactory, 164, Bishopsgate•street. The Magic Cave—The Shooting Gallery—Burns's Cottage, with Groups of Figures illustrative of his Works—Summer and Winter in the Arctic Regions—The Maze —Statuary of the finest Classical description—The American Giant—The Log Hut of the Ca lifornian Gold Diggers—Ancient and Modern Groupings, by Duffel, &c., &c. Be it recollected, on Sundays, admission by Refreshment Ticket, Sixpence. Never were these delightful grounds in such high perfection as at the present moment. Visitors to London should not omit a stroll 'neath the shade of the lofty trees and amongst the variegated beds of flowers at Cremorne. Everything has been done to render this magnificent place of amusement worthy the most extensive patronage. The attention of the French in London is particularly requested to this metropolitan ducosse. The grand Bowling Saloon of this establishment is open free to the Public, N.B. The Mammoth Sycamore, the LargeA Tree in the World, in the River Esplanade. A Table d'Hote on Sundays at Six o'clock—Half-a-Crown. Cremorne can be reached by road or river for 3d. A Boat leaves Battersea-bridge every Night after the Fireworks. THIRTY-FIRST EDITION. Illustrated by 26 Anatomical Coloured Er4gravinTs on Steel. ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA- PACITY, AND IMPEDIMENTS . TO MARRIAGE, Kew Edition, enlarged to 196 pages. Just published, price 25. 6d., or by post, direct from the Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps THE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on the infirmities and decay of the generative system, from ex cessive indulgence, infection, and the inordinate use of mercury, with remarks on Marriage, and the means of obviating certain dis qualifications. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings. By R. and L. PERRY and CO., Consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Ox [ord-street, London. Published by the Authors : sold by Strange, 11, Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 133, and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Starie, 23, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; and Gordon, 146, Leaden hall-street. PART I. treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive organs, and is illustrated by Six Coloured Engravings. PART H. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in dulgence, and their lamentable effects on the system, producing mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative Incapacity. Illustrated by Three Explanatory Engravings. PART Hi. treats of the diseases resulting from intection, either in the rimary or secondary form, and containS explicit directions for their treatment. This section is illustrated by Seventeen Coloured Engt avings. PART IY. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a simple application, by which the danger of infection is obviated. This important part of the Work should not escape the reader's notice. PART V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its du ties. The causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the whale subject critically and philosophically inquired into. Tun CORDIAL BALM OF STRIACCM is exclusively employed in treating nervous and so xual debility, impotence, Ste., 1 ls. and 335 hilitic . per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence , an anti-syp remed7, for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary symptoms, eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, Its. and 335. per bottle. terry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s . 9d., 4s. 6 and I is. per box, a certain remedy for gonoritcea, gleet, stricture, and chronic , inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, if. A minute detail of the 'ense is required: age, habits, and posi tion in society. 17 Packets, with advice, to be had at the lista blislment only by which the fee, U., is saved. Messre. terry, Surgeons, aro in attendance daily at 19, Berners-street, Oxford street, London, from Eleven WI Two an 4 Five to Eight ; 01l 81111- day, thlll EleToll to Ono. n a gentle slope, to the ocean. It is through the Lake of Managua, and across this plain, either to the little port of Tarnarinda or the fine port of Realejo, or else (and this is the most probable) across the Llano del Conejo, into the magnificent Gulf Fonseca, that the proposed canal must pass. It is true Lake Nica ragua approaches, at one or two points, to within about 15 miles of the Pacific, and it would seem that it might be easily connected with that ocean. But between the two is a ridge of land of considerable height, across which no canal can ever be constructed, simply because no sufficient amount of water is to be obtained at or near the summit to supply even the leakage of such a work. And a direct cut, by which a supply might be obtained from the lake, would in volve a tunnel, large enough for ships, of six or seven miles in length, besides immense and almost impos sible cuttings for the remainder of the distance. This is sufficiently demonstrated by the surveys or rather reconnoisance of Mr. Bailey. It is said that a prac ticable route exists between Lake Nicaragua, by way of the river Sapoa, to the Bay of Salinas, a part of the Gulf of Papagayo. But no authentic examina tion has ever been made of this line, and Mr. Squier expressed his doubts as to its practicability. He would not, however, presume to speak decisively, as he had not enjoyed an opportunity of examining it in person. He would, nevertheless, say that even if practicable, the contending winds that prevail in this gulf, and to which it has given the name of Papa gayos, would prove a signal disadvantage to it. Be side, so far as communication with California and the northern half of the continent, as well as with the Sandwich Islands, and China, and the East Indies is concerned, entering the ocean at this point would be eminently disadvantageous. " Mr. Squier continued by saying that a ship com munication across the continent at this point involved, in his estimation, not only a canal from the great Nicaragua basin to the Pacific, but also a canal for the greater part, if not the whole, of the distance from Lake Nicaragua to the Atlantic. The river San Juan, the outlet of this lake, although probably pass ing an equal if not greater amount of water, with the Connecticut or Hudson rivers, and although for by far the greater part of its length capable of being navigated by our largest river steamers, is yet, for reasons which he had presented in a recent commu • nication, in the Providence Journal, inadequate, under any practicable improvement, of being made navigable for ships—and any canal not admitting of the easy and rapid passing of the largest ships would very im perfectly meet or subserve the great ends of its con struction and of commerce. Small steamers, such as are used on the tributaries of the Mississippi, may now be run on the river; and, with some improve ments at the various rapids, steamers of a larger class may be used. "It will, therefore, be necessary to cut a canal parallel to the river, from which the requisite supply of water may be easily drawn. The line would run upon the north bank of the stream, near the base of the hills which bound the valley on that side. It is possible the rivers might, by dredging, be used for a distance of twenty miles downward from the lake to the river Savalas, in which case this section of the canal would be shortened to seventy, perhaps to sixty miles. Mr. Squier said that this part of the proposed line had hitherto been passed over with very little re mark, on the assumption that here no difficulty ex isted, and that the river might easily be made to answer every desirable purpose ; yet, in his estima tion, it was by far the most difficult part of the whole enterprise ; not on the score of feasibility, but of labour and expense. The whole matter, however, resolved itself into a simple question of dollars and cents. It only required capital. The great lake of Nicaragua, 125 miles in length, by 50 in hreadtb, although quite shallow at many points on the northern shore, is, nevertheless, of great general depth, varying from six to sixty fathoms, and may, without doubt, be made navigable for ships of the greatest draught. The only difficulties exist in approaching the shore at either extremity ; but these may probably be obviated by pier-work and dredging. " Between Lake Nicaragua and the superior lake of Managua is a nominal distance of 18 miles. But the connecting stream, called Rio Tipitapa, is, in a estuary probably of I be k so Nfacict'arfaogruaan, extent for o cleared out as to be made na vi g able. From the head of this estuary, at a point catled Sa n PaE q uil to that a 12t distance miles, an y m Lake Managua, a distance of five miles, there is a rise of about 25 — feet. " The greater part of this rise is abrupt, at a point about a mile below the lake, called the Falls of Tipi tapa. Very little water passes here except in the rainy season, and in the dry season the stream is sometimes wholly suspended. The rock is apparently a soft cal careous breccia, easily worked. A short section of canal is therefore indispensable here, extending from the lake to the falls, a distance of one mile. Below this to San Pasquil, at the head of the estuary from Lake Nicaragua, the bed of the stream is deep, and the banks abrupt and high, forming a natural canal, which only needs proper damn and locks at its lower extremity to furnish a channel adequate to every pur pose of navigation. " Lake Managua is a fine body of water, and of much larger size than has hitherto been represented. It is certainly not far from 50 or 60 miles in greatest length by 35 in width, and ranges from 2 to 10 and 15, and even 40 fathoms in depth. The scenery which borders it is unsurpassed in beauty and gran deur. Upon the northern and eastern shore, lifting "To the third line, namely, that from Lake Managua to the Gulf of Fonseca, public attention has never been generally directed. It nevertheless seems to offer greater advantages than either of the others. The gulf or bay in question is unequalled by any on the continent or perhaps in the world. It much resembles that of San Francisco, and_may be described as an immense harbour, in which all the fleets in the world may ride in safety. Its entire length within the land is not far from 100 miles, by perhaps 50 in average breadth. The three states of San Salvador, lion - auras, and Nicaragua touch upon it. All the adjacent coasts are of unbounded pro ductiveness. It embraces several islands of con- siderable size, surrounded by water of such depth as to enable vessels to approach close in shore. The most important of these, from the circumstances of its size and the fact that it commands and is the•key to the entire gulf, is the Island o? Tegre, belonging to Honduras. Tbis island was the head-quarters of Drake during his operations in the South Sea. It is about 30 miles in circumference, level near to the shore, but rising regularly and gradually to a perfect cone in the centre. Upon this island is situated the free port of Amapala. Its possession by . any great maritime nation would enable it to exercise an in fluence and control over the commerce of the western part of the continent which the possession of Gibraltar by the English enables them to exercise over the commerce of Europe. From the south eastern extremity of this gulf extends a large estuary or arm, called the Estero Real. Its course is pre cisely in the direction of the Lake of Managua, which it approaches to within fifteen or twenty miles, and between which and the lake is the plain of Correjo, which is, in fact, a part of the plain of Leon. This Estero is as broad as the East River at New York, and has for most of its extent an ample depth of water. At thirty miles above its mouth it had fifty feet. There is a narrow bar at its mouth, upon which, at low tide, there is but about three fathoms. The tide rises, however, about ten feet, and with artificial aid the bar could, doubtless, be passed at all times. This Estero is one of the most beautiful natural channels that can be imagined, preserving, for a long distance, a very nearly uniform width of from 300 to 400 yards. Its banks are lined with mangroves, with a dense back ground of Mier trees. Captain Belcher, R.N., ascended the Estero for thirty miles in a vessel drawing ten feet of water. From the head of tide water in the Estero to the lake is not more than twenty or twenty.five miles. In case the canal is ever built, said Mr. Squier, I am convinced this must be its route. The advantages which would result to such a work from terminating in the Gulf of Fon seca are very great, and so obvious that it is needless to recapitulate them. " It may, therefore, in view of the preceding facts, be safely asserted that the passage from Lake Ma nagua to the sea is eminently feasible. " The length of the proposed line of communica tion for ships, from sea to sea, can only be determined by actual measurement. Mr. Squier said that, never theless, he would venture to submit the following calculation : iles. Length of the Ri ver S an Juan ....... M9O Part of the Lake of Nicaragua to be traversed ..... 110 Length of Rio Tipitapa ... Length of Lake Managu a From Lake to RTalejo . , Total . .. 313 . From this must be deducted 25 miles, in case the line is terminated at the port of Tamarinds. In case it should terminate in the Gulf of Fonseca, it is pos sible it would not be many miles longer than to Realejo. The extent of actual canalisation, there to Ta mfoareri,owdao,u9lda b to e I to w lt . e t a o le.l , o o , o l se 2 o o a, to lo l o , lo to m l i 2 l eos.; " It is useless, said Mr. Squier, in conclusion, to enter into calculations respecting the cost of the pro estimated at from posed work ; for until there is a detail e d survey of the entire line, it must be wholly a matt er o f conjec ture. 0,0 1: 0 htoas4ob,eoeono,ovoaoriodolusllayrs. Assume it t o cos t 100,000,000 dollars, which may be as near the truth as any other calculation, still it is enough, at present, to know that it is feasible, and that its benefits, im mediate and prospective, will be sufficient to compen sate for the expenditure of double that amount, startling as it may appear. nitteh theresti propos e d wor k, n " In some canversation that ensued b e t ween mem g and imp or t an t f bers, after the conclusion of these obse rvat i ons, Mr. Squiermentioned, oton l y a s ct as nn a e but with the whole question of steam nav i gat i on in the Pacific, that a large bed of coal h a d recently been discovered in San Salvador, on th e b an k s of the connected with i river Lempa about 60. miles from the Gulf o f F onseca. It is semi-bituminous in character, reseml3ling the Mount Savage coal. lie had sent specimens to the Department of State in Washington." NEW PLANET. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sir,—Last evening, at 10h. 10m. moan time, at this observatory, I discovered a new planet in the con stellation Pegasus. It appears like a star of the ninth magnitude, and has a pale bluish light. The follow ing are the observed positions : Greenwich s North Mean Time. Right Ascension. Declination, u. 24. 5 . 11. 31. S. DFC.. MIN. SEC. Sept. 13 at 11 29 35 2 3 44 45 • 0 8 14 6 42.9 Sept. 14 at 828 '24 23 44 2'56 13 59 29 . 3 of the solar o o . l z ardltern form s th e ai planets, th e twelfth 'lhis n o e f w me theg m ro b u er p of u third which I have been fortunate enough to discover in the course of a rigorous examination of the heavens. I remain, Sir, your most obedient servant, J. R. limp. Mr. Bisl'op's Observatory, Inner Circle, Regent's•park, Sept. 14. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. TIMES.--The character of popular amusements is one, and not the least, evidence of national progress or decline, and there is no more sure sign of moral imperfection in a community than when feats of skill or displays of strength fail to satisfy unless accompa nied by the additional excitement and relish of actual danger. In barbarian or semi-barbarian states of society we can find an excuse for the sanguinary games which serve as a rehearsal for the sanguinary business of life ; but if nations once civilized return to the ferocious amusements of their less cultivated fore. fathers, we pronounce their courage extinct, and their dignity abandoned. The gladiatorial combats of Rome, never so rife as in the superficially magnificent age of the Caesars, were one pregnant proof of her approaching decay, and the still cherished bull fights of Madrid may be taken to signify that to true civiliza tion the Spaniard is yet a stranger. The resort to excitements such as the spectacle of danger supplies marks either the infancy or the decrepitude of na tional virtue, and a passion for cruel amusements will generally be found simultaneous with a low estimate of the sacrednesi of life. We, who take credit to our selves for bull- baiting extinguished, for dog-fighting discountenanced, and the ring reprobated, should take care how any symptom of a return to barbarism remains uncondemned—how any inexcusable risk is allowed to form an alluring element in the sports which are devised for public enjoyment. Among the most favourite attractions which in this metropolis woo the spare money and leisure hours of thousands of our population, there are none which involve any necessary danger to life : exhibitions of personal daring and alacrity, such as ropedancing, horseriding, and other feats of the circus, do not owe their popu larity to the personal risk encountered ; habit and practice give to a Ducrow security, and to an Her nandez nonchalance; the discipline of the animal and the skill of the man together reduce the danger to an inappreciable quantity; and so it is also with another attraction which has been no less favourite of late years—ballooning. There was a time when any as cent was dangerous. We might apply to the first adventurers in the regions of air the language with which Horace apostrophises the first explorer of ocean. There was some real ambition at the bottom in either case ; there were truths to be ascertained and conjectures to be solved ; neither a return in hard cash nor popular eclat was the expected reward. To prove that to the dwellers on earth was extended an empire over the other elements was an achieve ment only the more worthy of praise because accom panied with risk. Use, however, has made the idea familiar and the practice comparatively safe. The actual danger which an aeronaut need en counter to-day is not more than that which a ropedancer or equestrian runs—not more than the necessity of a livelihood or a natural adaptation for such pursuit may justify or commend. It is competent to Mr. Green to ascend into the clouds, and fur Mr. Wardell to invite a crowd to view the ascent. There need be no violation of laws imperative on society, no considerable risk need be run, no lamentable mischief insured. The late insane and ridiculous Experiments on ponies offer a very different feature. It appears from Mr. Green's statement that this absurdity is not entirely new, and that he himself originated it some twenty years back. Now, however, or not—and there is assuredly no honour in being the inventor—it is to M. Poietvin that the reproduction of so inhuman a method of aerostation is due, and it is to the French appetite for such spectacles that we have to trace the premature end of Lieutenant Gale. In alluding to his death we wish merely to place it as an additional argument a poste riori against a piece of folly which has no defence ante cedently, and of which the folly is aggravated by the cruelty practised on the animal which accompanies it. Independently of this catastrophe the former adven tures were quite enough to throw discredit on the practice. Mr. Green is probably by this time as much ashamed of his performance as the mass of spectators of their complicity, but for the sake of im proving the lesson we must refer our readers to the facts :—lt was on Tuesday, the 30th of July, that an application was made to the magistrates by the Secre tary of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals to interfere with the proposed ascent of Mr. Green. It did not appear to the authorities that the case for interference was made out, and the veteran aeronaut, therefore, set out the next day on his 1 , 4 ?- ward voyage with one leg on each side of a pc- n r ; but the extreme humbug of the thing may best be learned by the description of an eye-witness : " As the anxious spectators watched the proceedings, expecting to see a great charger come prancing forward, from among the feet of some half dozen workmen a di minutive little animal, not larger than an undersized Newfoundland dog, was taken and placed in the car— its feet were fastened in sockets, its eyes carefully ban daged, and a hundred cords were in requisition to secure its quiescence, At last everything was ready, and Mr. Green proceeded to mount. A pile of sand-bags, placed on either side of the pony, sustained the weight of the aeronaut, which the poor animal itself was unable to bear." Such and so imposing was the equitation of Mr. Green. There appears to have been some reaction in the minds of the lookers-on when this miserable absurdity was being accomplished ; at all events, the general opinion was not sufficiently favourable to provoke a second experiment. 'With our neighbours, however, across the water, a single performance was not enough, and it fell to Mr. Gale's lot to imitate at Bordeaux what M. Poitevin had auccessfully achieved at Paris. As Mr. Green's cautious procedure, though it diminished the danger, also injured the spectacle, the animal was in this case suspended beneath the car by girths passed under its body. Mr. Gale ascended from the Hippodrome of 'Vin cennes, near Bordeaux, but there are diverse accounts as to the precise mode in which he came by his death. The details of the accident, however, are of little consequence. That he descended safely, that in ar ranging the ropes after unfastening the animal he was again carried up into the air, and that he was finally found dead in a field, is all that has been ac curately established. How far his death was con nected with the particular method of his ascent we can hardly ascertain ; but, connected directly or not, it can scarcely fail to bring into entire disrepute a prac tice which was never otherwise than hazardous. It is possible that the lesson to aeronauts may be simply a lesson of caution, but the admonition to society ought to be something more. The affection for extravagant and exceptionable modes of excitement is, as we have stated above, one prcof of a depraved public taste. Even if it could be proved that the inconvenience to the animal is slight and the pain insignificant, the practical stu pidity of the exhibition is none the less glaring : either the aeronaut abandons some of those precautions which are neceseary to safety, or he does not; if he does, he is fatally wrong, and the spectators as mis guided as himself; if he does not, the phenomenon is reduced to the very weakest and silliest of catch pennies. In Mr. Green's case the comedy was as childish as in Lieutenant Gale's case the tragedy was shocking. It is difficult to say whether Poitevin sitting astride in bond fide equestrian position or Green supporting himself on saddle-bags and doubly making believe to ride is the most grotesque object of a spurious admiration ; as a matter of fact the performance would be improved by the cerement sitting with his face to the animal's tail—the utter inappropriateness of going up aloft on a frightened brute with drooping head and passive limbs would be more signally manifested, and the eclat would be proportionate to the oddity of the spectacle. There is, however, something to congratulate ourselves upon in the fact that Mr. Wardell's diminutive pony was not called upon for a second performance. How far this absence of an appetite for equestrian aerostation may have arisen from our national appreciation of a horse's attributes and claims, how far from a dislike of risks at once puerile and insane, may be matter of doubt; but neither explanation is to be rejected and perhaps we may att r ib u t e i t to the joint effect of , both that the catastrophe which has stamped these eccen tricities with so emphatic a condemnation did not take place upon the English soil. That the calamity has fallen upon an Englishman makes the warning as effectual to us as if it had happened among us ; and though we have less cause to blame ourselves from the circumstance that public opinion here had con demned so absurd and wanton a piece of folly, we are not so entirely free from blame as to reflect on the conduct of others, whose misapplied curiosity re quired that an unoffending brute should be dragged up into the heavens an ignominious and forlorn victim of idle caprice, and whose selfish love of excitement urged an unfortunate man to his destruction. CHRONlCLE,—pleasant stories are told of the grotesque blunders perpetrated by philoso in moments of a b s t raction, and something of phers the kind appears to have taken place at Cambridge in selecting a candidate for the University. The choice has fallen upon Mr. Cowling, who is so strot.gly supported by his own college that no opposition is antieipated. Prom his published address we may gather the lead ing principles which he thinks it necessary to advance. A decided Tory of the old school, and adhering to the doctrines of Protection, he has little to say on the questions of the present day —except to pledge himself to an obstinate and uncompromising resistance to any further concession to the Roman Catholics, as well as to the removal of Jewish disabilities. Had the 'Uni versity been a close borough, under the dominion of _____e_,ezeee,ze eee , eeeee the Duke of Richmond, Mr. Cowling's manifesto cculd not have displayed a more abject subserviency to the exploded notions of a party which is rapidly disap pearing. But we should be unwilling to ascribe the unanimity, with which he will probably be returned, so fetich to the prevalence in the University of the views which he entertains, as to the general unwill ingness to have a contested election, and to the pe culiar influence exercised by the large college of which he is a member. St. John's is an establish ment second only, in numbers and importance, to Trinity, with which it has for some years divided the representation, to the complete exclusion of the minor colleges. This practice, is, of course, very prejudicial to the University, and often leads to the election of members who do very little credit to the graduates. The learning of Cambridge has, On con sequence, been represented by the infinite folly of a beardless nobleman, or by a professional man of scarcely respectable abilities, but who chanced to be as good a candidate as could be found on the books of his college. To avoid a contest, and to maintain the system of dividing the Parlia men t ary h onours of the University, ar e , with many of the residents the chief objects of importance. On the present occasion Mr. Cowling has been brought forward because he is the least unqualified person of the members of St. John's, but not because he is the best man that could have been found among the graduates of the University. These arrangements are not very creditable, but they serve to explain the proceedings which are now going on, without its being necessary to conclude that the political opinions of Mr. Cowling are the sole or the chief cause of his good fortune His luck consists in belonging to a college which is singu larly tenacious of what its members believe to be their rights in the University, and which is not deficient in electioneering skill. The master and college officers of that foundation are always able to guarantee a very large number of votes. According to old established custom, clergymen and schoolmas ters can be brought from the uttermost parts of the United Kingdom, not to express an opinion in favour of this or that principle, but simply to support the views of a clique of half a dozen people, who consti tute what is—in the eyes of the non-resident voters —the College. At Trinity this foolish custom has long since ceased to exist ; and, notwithstanding the reasonable influence which the Master and Fel lows may be supposed to possess over a body with whom they, in many cases, maintain no personal friendships, it has been remarked that there the votes follow the general divisions of opinion, and that they are independent of college bias. It is, however, otherwise at St. John's, where the mem bers are always strangely unanimous—an advan tage which w a s qu it e as valuable to Mr. Law, in the last contest, as to the consistency with which he defended the principles to which he was pledged. With such a state of things, the return of Mr. Cow ling will, probably, be unopposed. Much dissatisfac tion has been expressed, however, with regard to the selection of this gentleman as a candidate. The dif• ferent sections of the Protectionist party are loud in declaring their disapprobation of a man who, unques tionably, will add neither strength nor dignity to their party. Some are discontented with the vague ness of his professions, and others, who carry into politics th e pecu li ar gentleness which distinguishes theological discussions, are indignant that a gentle man who held a brief, on the Gorham side, in the late proceedings before the Privy Council, should solicit the suffrages of an orthodox University. Into such questions we decline to enter. We must refer the complainant s to th e i r own pro f essor of casuistry, who, from his experience as a writer of contro versy, will doubtless be able to show to what extent a lawyer is justified in taking a professional part in a theological dispute. Our own impression is, that the learned counsellor accepted his brief with all the impartiality of complete ignorance, and we trust that academical opinion will not pronounce him to be a heretic because he did his duty as an advocate. It is a more just subject of complaint that, in all proba bility, Cambridge will be represented by a Member without personal weight or influence. The most that can be said in favour of the fortunate candidate is, that he is a fair lawyer, and was a good mathemati cian. He has conferred very great distinction upon the place of his education—be has done nothing to entitle him to the confidence of such an important constituency. His name is unknown ke politics, science, or literature ; and his reputation as a lawyer has never been sufficiently brilliant to penetrate be yond the narrow limits of the courts at Westminster. His party anticipate from him no further services than silent votes, which he is pledged to give in the cause of religious persecution and commercial restriction. The t p a r k o e mi n s u e p s p which he h t ie al subjects j eeta made u l n e l a u y d la s t t e o b in e l l f e e v , e a t n h d a n be u u h n a_s andsequence not fr u o m f suggestions e fl t i a o t n t e . r i He t d o o e h s i s n o a t m p bi ro ti f o e s n s , an adhesion to that party in the Church who un doubtedly possess great vigour and earnestness. He is not the exponent of any distinct principle in politics, education, or religion. Ile does not enlist the sympa thies of High Churchmen or Evangelicals. In a word, he does not come forward to represent any one shade of the opinions which principally influence the Church and the Universities ; while, as a politician, he belongs to a class long since gone by. It is much to be regretted that the peculiar relations of the dif ferent colleges should lead to so discreditable a re sult. It is true that some of the Burgraves of the smaller colleges were disposed, at first, to resist the pretensions of St. John's ; but the refusal of Mr. Walpole to come forward induced them to relinquish their opposition. It may be something to have avoided th e reproach of servile adulation, for which the place is too notorious, but it would seem that the University has only escaped this danger t o secure for itself a reputation forintolerance and bigotry. If Mr. Cowling be re turned, thos e w h o are unacquainted with Cambridge will conclude that the members of the University are careless or ignorant of the movements going on throughout the world at the present moment—that they have no ambition to advance, and that they are content to remain as they are. The University which prcduced a Bacon, and which was represented in Parliament by a Newton, is will ing to relinquish its high claims to estimation, and its influe nce upon opinion, by accepting foritsMember a bi got i n religion and a mere partisan in politics. i Such are th e h um i l i ating effects of a system which we can on l y regard as representing col leges instead of opinions. The college which has brought forward Mr. Cowling distinguished itself a few , years ago by discovering a new planet. Without wishing to be uncharitable, we must admit that that ancient foundation has been more fortunate in astro nomy than in politics. In the former case they made a noble addition to modern science—in the latter, they will have secured, by college intrigue, only a party triumph of the most degrading character. THE ARMY. The following has been issued for the guidance of nspectingAeld officers : " 10th September, 1850. " Sir,—lt having been brought under the conside ration of the Secretary-at-War that it is very desir able that the district staff sergeants when detached on the duty of conducting recruits, should return with all convenient speed from their journeys, so as to be available for other duties at the district head-quarters, I am directed to acquaint you that in all cases in which the distance recruits are conducted by railway does not exceed 100 miles from the district head quarters, or in cases where the distance is only slightly above 100 miles, as between Lond on and Bristol, and London and Birmingham, &c., Mr. Maule considers that the conducting staff sergeants should be dis patched by the first morning train, and after deliver ing over the recruits should return to their station the same day, by which arrangement the sergeants will be available without loss of time for other duty. " The routes for the staff sergeants when sent on this duty, instead of directing them to return ' with out delay,' should in future specify the hour of start ing, and the hour at which the sergeant should return to his station, according to your discretion, with a due consideration of the distance to be travelled, the hour of starting, and of possible return, on the same day, together with the nature of the duty, &c.; and the Secretary-at-War requests that you will cause such routes to be so prepared accordingly.—l have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient humble servant, " L. SULIVAN. " The Inspecting Field Officer of the —ser District." The walls of Sunderland have been disfigured within these few days, by the effusion printed below•— EXCURSION TO IIELI:! ! ! (Do not smile. —Be serious.) Under the special Patronage of " The God of this World," alias " The Devil," A CHEAP TRAIN Will start every day in the week, and a " Monster Train" on Sundays, from the Station of Idleness, passing en route the Pleasure Gardens of Religious Indifference, under the dark and long but wonderful Tunnel of Infidelity, and straight across the beautiful River of Good Conscience, by the Devil's Bridge. A splendid Band will be in attendance, and will play the Royal Anthem of the Prince of this World, entitled, " There's a Good Time Coming," The only Fare to the Journey's End is a Stupid and Unawakend Conscience. 1*- No Return Tickets 1 Geyser steam-sloop, at Woolwich, was reported complete on Saturday last. Linnet, 6, packet-brig, Lieut.-Commander James, beat out of Devonport Harbour on Friday morning, and sailed direct for Falmouth. Mngicienne steam-slcop, on her passage to Devon port from Sheerness, having burnt her platform be tween the boilers, it is ordered that, to prevent simi lar accidents, the platforms are to be covered with metal. Phaeton, 50, Captain Elliot, at Lisbon, has found her spars defective. Rosamond, 6, steam-sloop, at 'Woolwich, will be out of the shipwrights' hands by the end of next month, but will not be completed by the engineers' department before the middle of November. Trafalgar, 120, Captain the Hon. M. Stopford, is reported complete ; but she has not yet completed her advanced complement. Vengeance, 84, Capt. Sir H. M. Blackwood, Bart., will be ready to go to Spithead by the second week of October. COAST Or AFRICA. Teaser screw gun-vessel, Lieutenant-Commander Selwyn, whose arrival at Queenstown from the coast we reported on Saturday, was there on the 11th, waiting until the weather moderated, the wind at that time blowing hard from S.E. She has a number of invalids on board; left Sierra Leone July 31. Dolpin, 3, Lieutenant-Commander Temple, arrived at Sierra Leo ne , after an excell en t passage from ' De vonport of 25 days, during three of which she was becalmed off the Cape de Verds. After completing provisions and water, she will sail to join the com modore at Ascension. Hound, 8, Commander Patten ; Ranger, 8, Com mander Miller; and Prometheus, 4, steam-sloop, Commander Foote, were at Sierra Leone 3d July. On the 2d July another full slaver, prize to the Ileela, having 350 on board (the second full prize from the same vessel in less than a month, and the ninth in about eight or nine months), arrived at Sierra Leone. Ranger, 8, Commander Miller, has been sickly. The First Lieutenant and surgeon both invalided, and were to go to Ascension, and thence to England when sufficiently recovered. Mr. Pritchard (the assistant-surgeon), who went out in the Prometheus, was appointed to do duty in the Ranger. By letters received from Ascension we find that the Promethus, steam-sloop arrived at that island from Sierra Leone on the 13th July, having on board Lieutenant Helbey and the assistant-surgeon of the Tortoise and some prize crews. Lieutenant Helbey sailed in the Phoenix steam-sloop the same day, to join his ship, the Philomel, on the south-coast station. The assistant-surgeon joined his own ship, the Tor toise, at Ascension. GIBRALTAR, SEP. 5. Her Majesty's steamer Arrogant, Captain Robinson, three days from Lisbon, arrived here on the 30th ult., and the Encounter, Captain Gordon, six days from the Tagus, came in the following day. The Arrogant sailed again on the 2d inst. The French war steamer Lavoisier departed on the 31st ult. The British steamer Brigand, 14 days from Con stantinople, touched here on the 2d on her way to Liverpool. The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company's ship Pottinger arrived here on the 33, after a run of five days from Southampton, and proceeded to .Malta and Constantinople. The Encounter and Janus steam-sloops remain in the Bay. PORTSMOUTH, SUNDAY.—The Board of Admiralty have directed by a general order that all officers and men passing through the ship-gun drill at the re spective divisions of Royal Marines should also be instructed in the art of knotting and splicing, a most beneficial regulation, which cannot fail to increase the efficiency of both officers and men. Very great discontent and inconvenience, as well as considerable disappointment, has of late been expe rienced by visitors and residents here, in their endea vours to obtain an inspection of the royal yachts. The local papers teem with complaints of the conduct of tbe commanders, and from what we know, and hear we believe the complaints are well founded. Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence would do well to inquire into the behaviour of his subordinate in this and other matters, and we are certain that his Lordship's investigation would result in the greatest advantage and satisfaction to the public. The Stromboli steam-sloop, Commander Lord Amelius Beauclerk, will be paid off on Tuesday. The Albatross, 12, Commander Farquhar, arrived at St. Helena, from China, for England, on the 30th of July. WOOLWICH, SEPT. 14.—The Retribution steam frigate, Captain Warden, and the Dauntless steam frigate, Captain Halsted, are both under orders to leave Portsmouth, i n si x or seven days, to loin Com modore Martin's squadron at Lisbon. The former vessel has had about one hundred men employed upon her during the last month, is now in excellent order, and will carry four more guns than her original ar mament. THE OSBORNE CRAVAT.—Of the numerous inven tions and ingenuities of these go-a-head days, none sur passes in elegance and comfort a cravat distinguished as above. It is the introduction of this season by an eminent hosiery firm in the City, since which it has almost entirely superseded the clumsy old neckcloths, with their bulky fold!, at the same time possessing a very superior and stylish appearance, besides that its cost cannot be much from its simplicity—an essential recommendation in itcelf ; it should, therefore, command the patronage of all who study these combined qualifications. OXFORD, SEPT. 15.—We understand that the eke ion of a new president of Trinity College will take place at he latter end of the week. I I I I k ittlN n • e Mark Packets not being per h_ to .„ eked are run direct; the 1 , 404 T .l) at Piers or for Boats. /1 4t 11 40TZ K ETS.—Twelvo Mont lus, 41.48. • Six Months, 21.153. ..11 ; „ — m_s, 11. 155.; to be had of the Collectors on board thi 'ept et ; mr. Monk, Terrace Pier, Gravesend. ' t s<ef 1 2,1850. `C 4k S TERN COUNTIES RAILWAY EDMONTO tc FAIR. Ot Tt. TRAINS will leave E DMONTON STATION for Lon. t, e 41 and Half-past Ten P.M., on the 14th, 16 th , and 17th in -8 at all intermediate St ations. By ordor, te obe r 13, 1850. C. P. RONEY, Secretary. ---1 p v AS TERN COUNTIES RAILWAY. • , it t , ity N i - --eYRSIO NS TO CAMBRIDGE AND BACK. lt t4 Le 4ve jA.IS the 22d and 29th September, a SPECIALTRAIN lit 8 p s ikt barisgate Station at S 15 saa. on the abovedays, and Fares to Cambridge and Back.,drat Bs. Second Cl ass • • • 6s. Thi rd Class • 4s. By order, _„„„ li 2M 3yi 5 634