The Sun. — London, England, 1851-10-08 00:00:00

; ulf tot late off for The, late fight si t o WA. 10 0 , 5 I. 1 fa t ,a, dii• t f,/ vi ler p eil l g Tit 10 • ba("o Tll5 J, I ' l3 o 1 es 3cl ?PAGE OF TWO BANKS ) tiolssiutyrusairtis, Ocr. 7. The appearance of the money article in this morn ing's Sun, of the announcement that the bills of our chief local bank (the Alearnouth and Glamorganshire Joiol-Stock Bank) had been refused payment by the London Commercial Bank, has caused a panic here never before witnessed in Newport, where a similar transaction had never been heard of previously. The uncertainty that existed in the public mind as to whether payments would continue to be made by the bank this morning, was very great during the period intervening between the arrival of The Sun and the opening hour at bank. A large crowd of per sons, eager to withdraw the it credits, c:owded around the door long before ten o'clock, and the most alarm ing reports prevailed. At length, as the hour of ten drew near, a notice was fixed on the doors and in the window s of the bank, announcing that "in con -I"'clu9nee of the recent depression in the iron trade, and th e withdrawal of support hitherto received, the managers were obliged to suspend payments for a short time, but hoped to resume business in a few day.," This was calculated to in crease suspicious instead of allaying then, as it was ac companied by a very general rumour that the lia bilities were heavy, the sum of 200,0001. having been recently drawn out for the iron works, whiclris R. a mong which were the Cwrn Brane Iron Works, at the head cf • lilewitt, Esq., the M.P. for these bo roughs, and one of the proprietors of the bank. Of th par "Ig g rnoe most serious ration was rife. There are, however, apprehensions entertained in th?, Many of circles that " the worst is not yet known. In the n ° l3 f tile shareholders have invested their little all who oweve had credits also, tuak, and their fears are very great. Many, h a en. r, to th e m_ small amounts—considerable, t-eln—are under the most anxious appre ,,,:3,m,as• The benefit societies of the town and eTgooeurhood have made large deposits in the bank, ose societies the unenrolled bodies, terdnl builldtn°"dgd It'he s were depositors to a very consi der;Th.. a emeunt—about 4,000/. it is said. These de _l 0 the case of sttors have not the claim that enrolled societies have suspended payments of a bank; all the or m en who are the members are thus, it is feared, a verfortunate position ; though it should be eli. that the proprietary—a rememberedtbial h large and influi - ` ) -3 7 —are well able to pay, and must pay al la_ dities of the b3nk whatsoever. Soon after the notice alluded to had been put up at 24 the Mon mouth and Glamorgan Bank, the doors of closed, and essrs. Williams's old b an k in this town were al so a notice affixed to the door that payments th suspend e d i n consequence o f the suspension of e Mon mouth and Gl amo rgan Bank. to was a prudent step, doubtless ; but it tended in increase the panic already existing, though the fears regard to the old bank were fortunately but very ' b ra ", though of a different character (it being a private an , 4 ) to those respecting the other. -kae streets have been filled by groups of mercantile Professional men all the day, all of whom evince de !Pest concern. When we mention that the co mmercial interests in the place, the Mon ri°4thshire Railway and Canal Company, the facto rae„s'"lh„aod several_ companies bank with the Mon. n a nd Glamorgan it will readily be supposed the Panic is extensive. -c • -. b O Ps to b e a bl e to report more favourably than th .lt s tie third apprehended at present, in the course of a day or two. sank in town, the West of England triet Bank, unaffected by the crisis. TO G. OUNG M 1) , ESQ., P. Sm, - your h ave read F. Y Y letter in the Morning Chronicle -- of Thursda lsst. It put me in mind _ Ol a tale t old of a sturdy mendicant, who, when sternly re fused by a gentleman, turned away, and despairingly Sagentleman, Ohl nay God, then I must." "Must Said the alarmed gentleman. .. Go to work," w the reply. what a ,: n rds, they LiTAVgsoo must your Yo • r dear friends, theland have ahoutur,pflr, that something else n a s nd something from Adam Smith a Smith, which it Wages, but of Smi has come out since enhance rent. yo-u nce mu t s h t e k d n a o y w s to enhance and study deepl before you ask for a law jus w i C: h ul a d ve b a e well for you to look at what Mill 55YR about rent. And look well time wghienn ships, railroads, 80., Sac, Maki° • .we i too, at the progress America is productio we may be left far behind, supposing - the Consed by n of this gr eat country shouldand reflect on the lookup savedarti ne 4 e tnhhea 7e)e; people . tt through o and trace l be wastefully o by rent-holders throw • • •00 00 spent the u n 4 t h ' natural price— y Tat -holder spends it on horses, r carriages, g &c., the f - p n - r - i h ce and that same fira n e spend it on railroads, ships, houses, &c. In the thaEseease "e Inc)n eY may be said to be annihilated. In second it becom e 4 o f and repro duction. san agent strength ho. c• Ji knr, were to the rent-huld i our savings to be paid over of being save and by hi m wasted on luxuries, instead t enting saved and put to reproductive purposes, in to w y years time England would have had to bow tna r i ca. The de . hone and sinew of Enland had began to ea . , under protection, her peasants were becomi ... ng r -1,41143 t adds avage, and had not the late lamented Si 4c11t.1. eel stepped in to the rescue, her decline and fall not been distant. But a great change has taken L ll cei a change which will for a time act on the far 4.'er until bis rent approximates somewhere to the con and standard, which saoner or later it must do, !ncl the information given in your letter on that sub 3e.et rosy be found valuable when shorn of its excep tional features. i In conclusion I beg lea ve t o i n f orm you that the rent wild era for m any centuries have had it all their own h W aY ; they h a d t h e i r land on certain conditions, wh . ic eonditions they have from time to time altered always In their own favour, so, perhaps, it would be better for You to leave well alone ; at all events, before . you come P 3 n me f or some o f my little savings to g i ve to the 4 N -hold er, the whole subject must be fully lookedinto. I am, Sir, Sce., A TIN PLATE WORKER. London, Oct. 4, 1851. :NAUGURATION OF A. STATUE TO WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. ci TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. S travelling lately in Normandy, I earned that a celebration was to come off at Falaise, vf „ ll , s i eh Will possess considerable interest to the English h situated ral a ise, a t own of soma 10,000 inhabitants, about twenty-one English miles south of a 4", is the birth-place of William the Conqueror, n 4 tid th ere, i n front of the Hotel de Ville, on T ues . a ifY) Oct. 14th, th e ann i versar y o f the battle of an equestrian statue to the first Norman ' ri g of Engl an d, j ust fi n i s h e d b y a P ar i s ia n artist, 'a to be erected and inaugurated. Great preparations ar e boTiede at F a l a i se for a splendid fete. The castle rhe Duk es of Normandy—where Willi am was itz:;:i.nti,lh::-Ibocovering about four acres, with the lofty t Tower," erec t e d b y E ar l T a lb o t i n th e 15th n a n o p asan bsjteacnt of stand s ra a e g n ific e nt monument of the rua a onn d great interest to visitors. The ez ethe ZL ) rk of the Talbot Tower I have not seen Me nt i on F any building in Great Britain. I will reach eaenat, when the traveller is at Havre, he can dll'genell steamer in about four hours, where Cae n , e 8 run t • pl a a e c n e : where Falaise several times a day. At architecture than and his Queen find a resting- Tore slendid samples of Norman a u in any` city in Europe. I am Sir, yours, &c., cAt.N4.AMERICAN TRAVELLER. London O ..... 'SAN UkrnoLtc Mta A.CLES.— -We may be partly prepared to b e li eve in Roman Catholic miracles, as soon as br,V,ll„O, following miracles accomplished:—As . soon as A. • _ o mit is taught to keep in his head a respectful tongue. 1 - ,;_;",. 1 1 as the Roman Catholic priests cease instigating the e ',,t_) . flesh against England, and impressing them with the h. l . 3c etl notion, that England is the source of all their r.. v ,ertY and Woes. . As soon as Cardinal Wiseman has sue- Abbe in rearing the 4. ' radise" round Westminster dre ss y which he talked littles t boastingly 'l about in his ad th°B3 soon as the Pope e practises in all his actions ;La.`-..Le_ext benevolence heprofesses in all his words; and,. e first proof of it, ieleases the hundreds of poor priso teallien,loNavecaonhfi:ed for political offences in the dungeons of cathedral t me. As soon as the Pope allows an English Rom an Obe built in the centre of Rome, as we allow a soon as tchaethedral to be built in the middle of London. A s rep ii , , b od soldiers re :French a driven out of Rome, and the the above 31-guard consists of none but Romans. As so a o . n .. a: I ,_. e extraordinary events are accomplished we sh 11 b better ac edprep to believe any impossibility in the way of tctures h wink, or statues that bleed, or cabbages t o h f a a t leeze, or anything else they please • for nothing short t &attra c t ° litterlv • can bring to pass file accom ' plishment of even s so itre . mprobable, if not perfectly impossible. When they t ae"ln P li* lled, we will promise to be amongst the most 13 übborn believers in Roman Catholic miracles; but till . the , ,re must be allowed the healthy privilege of a little rational Incradulity.--Punch ...SIAM:MAD A at t . L A CCIDENT TO MR. BATTY'S CLOWN. 7 Jai . ' lO . ll , WLO is well known as the clown at Mr. Batty ~,,,PP, idrorne, at Kensington, met with an accident yesterday nti l l t : 11 Might have been attended with very serious conse iot' 'ea& It appears that after one of the performances he t o , ° n an omnibus to take him. to his residence, near Islin got' i a n n t d Flooh as the vehicle was passing along Oxford-street . it 0 a pitchedin the road, and in the violent collision Mr. ceuivelaa..,_.. off into the street. He of ex /133p.1,11fran in bis arm, and was taken to the Charing -cross the h ' 'whre he was seen and attended to by Mr. Dalton, 1 dislocated 81,4,,rg?0n, who found one of his wrists frightfully he f" and 7 t "e fall• All the aid of surgical skill was ap. 1 0 - o h , ..:litbue°ldisjoin.ted bone set; but it is probable Mr. e I e ...,e better It would b accidents wereifu to follow his avocation for some time. these a c • P ot av li e a m bl e e n t t o s were in such a state that Noir e arrived,.. _ LIPORTA TIoN.—Yeiterday the Diana it' l l ' the river, from St. Petersburgh, with a cargo of iioap)rtation of `"'3laa f.sausages, ox and reindeer tongues. This is the first th e novelty Russian sausages that has taken place, end i 3 Viewed with mush curiosity. rrd' 51d. for Lela' 660 th g • ear d tv i O s `l. 41b ►. 1 1 S N, SALE AT KNOVVSLEY. 7 - •;r ? .• e.,:raedoeud Mr. Steven, the auctioneer, of King-street, Covent garden. Among the gentlemen who atterel;:id Were M. Preveaux, secretary of the Jardine des Plantes at Paris, Mr. Verchman, from the public garden's, Am sterdam, Mr. Bachinan, from the garefins at Antwerp, Lord Hill, Mr. Branston, Wombwell':i, Mr. Jamrae, a dealer from London, &c. The;:eollec tion is universally admitted to be the :most extensive • and valuable in the pcosesion of a private individual throughout Europe. It was the result of the research of the whole life of the late Earl of Derby, ixzid was not acquired and maintained without enormous cost, the annual expenditure of his Lordship in this w4y being estimeted at upwards of 10,000/. The collect Vin con tained specimens of birds and beasts ; for 2.ltijough it went under the appellation of an aviary it camprised several huntired specithens of mem malia, under the different classes of' deer, antelopes, cattle, goats, sheep, llamas, kaega• runs, zebras, rodents, lemurs, armadillos, Pod dugs. The feathered portion of the collection was divided into more numerous classes. Yes terday was devoted to the sale of the first class of mainmalia—the deer—which contained 56 lots. At 12 o'clock Mr. Stevens, the auctioneer, invited the com pany—which had by that time become very numerous —to accompany him through the grounds to the pens in which the several lots were to be seen. The first lot put up was a fine Java deer—cervus rusa of S. Muller. Lord Hill commenced the bidding at five guineas, the animal was ultimately knocked down to him at 13 guineas. A second, also, a male, ' was bought by Mr. Thompson, the curator of the col lection, for eleven guineas, as it was understood, for a friend of Lord Hill. A female specimen, bred at Knowsley, brought 10 guineas ; and another eight. A Molucca deer (male) cervus rusa Al oluc c e nsi s of S. Muller, the only one in Europe, was bought by Mr. Thompson for nine guineas. Another of the same species and sex was knocked down to M. Pre veaux for 231.; a female was bought by M. Vera man far 10 guineas; and another female was bought by Mr. Jamrae for seven guineas. Seven hog-deer were next put up—cervus Hyela • phus porcinus. A male and female, the latter bred at Knowsley, were bought by Mr. Thomp son for 11Z. ; another pair were bought by Mr. Ducker for 91. 104. ' • and three, a male and two females, were bought by Lord Hill for 121. 103. A Muntjac—cervus Muntjecus from India (male), was knocked down to M. Preveaux for 71.; a pair of the same species, bred at Knowsley, were bought by the same gentleman for 151. Mr. Ducker bought a brocket deer, cervus ( Coussus), from Brazil, for 6/. 10s. ; a female brought 51. 10.., bought by the same gentleman. The next lot, a Savannah deer, had died shortly before the commencement of the sale. A Virginian fallow deer, cervus rirginianus, was bought by M. Preveaux for 'Ti.; Mr. Ducker bought a pair of the same species for 9/. 103. The next lot consisted of 11 roe-deer, which were at large in the park, and were put up subjected to all faults, and with the condition that the purchaser should catch them. They have, with one exception, been bred at Knowsley. The lot was knocked down to Mr. Her ring, of the New road, for 2/. 10s. each. The above comprise the principal lots offered yesterday. The auctioneer, before commencing the business of the day, refuted a rumour to the effect that the late Earl of Derby was opposed to the dispersion of the animals and birds forming the Knowsley collection. REPUBLICANISM IN RUSSIA. Are we to become Republican or Cossack ? If Europe hastens its development and greatly outstrips Russia, it may fall a victim to its precocity ; for Hu manity is slow in its movements, and any section of it too quickly developed, is in peril. Humanity grows; we cannot force it. As G;:iithe says, who can tell the caterpillar creeping on the twig, of its future food ? 'Who can aid the chrysalis in bursting through its shell ? The time comes; it loosens itself and flies into the rose's lap : " Wer kann der Raupe, die am Zweig kriecht, Von ihrem kilulegen Futter sprcchen? Und wer der Puppe, die am Boden liege, Die zArte Schale helfen durchzubrechen? Es kommt die Zeit: sic driiagt sich selber los, Uod cult, auf Fittigen der Rose in den Sol:cos." It is perilous for Europe to become Republican while Russia is Cossack; but we are glad to say that in Russia herself the Republican doctrine has its adhe rents, and among the announcements of new works considerable interest is excited by the Developement des Idees Revolutionnaires en Russie, par . A. Leander. —Leader. LICENSED VICTUALLERS' SCHOOL.—A most in teresting event took place in respect to this valuable institu tion yesterday. Forty-two children—twenty. four boys and eighteen girls—were admitted into the school in Kennington • lane, without being obliged to undergo the ordeal of an election. The committee of the school determined on this arrangement to give éclat to the year 1851. This pleasing circumstance, which is, we believe, without a parallel as re gards any similar institution in the country, brought to gether a large number of the friends of the school, who wit nessed the inauguration of the candidates with feelings of intense satisfaction. Mr. Findley, the governor, and the committee of the school, received the children into the insti tution, and great gratification pervaded all present upon the occasion. With this addition to the children at present on the foundation, the number receiving the benefits of a sound secular and moral education is now 150. FATHER GAVAZZI IN EDINDURGH.—This cele brated Italian orator made his third appearance in Edinburgh on Thursday night, when the Music Hall was crowded in every part by an enthusiastic audience. The subject of the Padre's oration was announced to be " Italy and the Papacy." Gavazzi was loudly applauded on making his appearance on the platform, to which he was accompanied by Mr. Dog of Newliston, the Rev. Dr. Cunni n g hame, Professor Fraser, Dr. Schmitz, of the High School , Re v. Mr. Gre g ory, Bailie Fyle, Councillors Hill anal Boyd, Mr. Hunter, auditor o f t h e Court of Session, Mr. James Simpson , advocate, Mr. W. Smith, Mr. 0. Wood, Signor Nieolini, and several other gentlemen. Mr. Hog of Newliston, in the absence of the Lord Provost, was called to the chair. Mr. James Greig an nounced the subject of lecture, and stated that that morning a Society of the Friends of Italy had been formed in Edin burgh in connexion with the London Society, that this was the inauguration of the new society, and that Father Gavazzi had come forward in the most handsome manner both to dedicate the proceeds of that lecture to the funds and to en deavour to excite an interest in its behalf. Father Gavazzi then proceeded with his address in Italian, and afterwards Mr. Greig read a brief outline of it in English. We had a report of the orati on p repare d , b ut we are f orce d to omit it from want of room. At the close a vote of thanks was cor dially given to Father Gavazzi for his eloquent and interest tnui g t h a f, d d e r u e a s s i La a n n d u a u f d t e t r u similara 3ir. ura i g , t compliment he m e eti u h g a d s e p b u e r e a n t e p d . aid ...... Edinburgh Advertiser. MILK AND ITS ADULTERATIONS.—Tie Lancet having directed its attention to the adulteration practised bad enough, be in milk, the result of the examination of twenty-six samples is, though not so bad as generally reported and but in every believed, fo e r reai twelve were found to be genuine, two were the proportions of case the eleven were found to be adulterated, deficient in one-half of the w varied from h. adulteration consisted in water only, generally supposed to cheeps, 10 to 50 per cent. or whiting, si ze , gum, article, but in no instance was chalk or brains, or any of the substances used in the adulteration of milk, Il i detected. The nam es o ; s ß N ' v i t h h e P t h a l e er little_ . their milk are made 'teethe parties guilty of adulterating which means the public nbleaymgennatridonetdhenithsaativetaheassegia:sun4nt by yles need obtained only of the imposition, but it may d pensive means are " West-end" milkmen. trouble, • persons may h s e k 1 v h e pointed out b th y e l , genuine article or note s It Wee they are' -supplied with a these investigations that the milk e ci f irtatined in the course of superior to that of the morning. the , afteenoon is much FATAL ACCIDENTS ON Tim R afternoon, about four oclock, a small sailingWElL—Yesterday were two persons, got foul of a moorin boat, in which hithe Dock, and almost instantly „ paiz ghamo, off Rother were immersed. The accident was obser; and both parties and boats put off, and they fortunately su ed from the shore, Mr. Heritage, of Union-street, Southwark. 7? i eded in saving a Mr. White, of Manchester, on a visit to Mr, The other person, drowned, and his body was not recovered. A eritage, was John Saunders, of B ur g ess-street, Westminster ll man named the Favourite, barge , at Limehouse ; he w as earkfeed from the current current with such r a p idit y , that before assi away by stance could reach him he sank, and was drowned. HAMBURGII, OCT. 4.—PktiCES 01' F UND , n . burgh Three-and-a -Half per , e.— am. Cents. 89v b' • i ' l , 8 ills, 89% money; Lubeck Loan, 1850, 101 bills, 101 money ; u anoveria 11 Five per Cents., 10134 bills, 104 , a money; Prussi an F our- and-a- Half per Cents., 103 bills; Russian English Loan, 1 07 bills; Four per Cents., Steiglitz, S 9 money ;Danish Three p er . Cents., 71 bills; ditto in 100. . shares, 100 d , money; ditto, Five per Cents., 98 bills ; Sardinian Five per Cents,, 79 bills ; Swedish Four per Cents., 97 bills. 96:M money; 'N orwegian Four per Cents., 99 1 A bills; Spanish Five per Cents., 131 /2 bills, 13-V 3 money ; ditto, Three per , Ce . nt . 5..,..3 5, } ,3_ .. bills, :331 4 money ; American Six per Cents., I( . 8 . 1 4 130 _ 1 .it- 6 `c3 money ; Itaiiways—fl ease Maryland Five per Cents., 85 /e. 011 . 1 e burgle Bergsdorf, 93 106 bills; ditto Priority, bills; Ben. money • ditto Priority, 1021 e lin-Hambergh, 100 bills, 991/ e .__, ditto bills; Magdeburgh-Wittenburgh, 6014 bills; . 107-ills; Priority, -Minden, Five per Cents., 103 money; Cologne-Minden , e, ditto Priority, 102% money ; Alecklenhur 6 102 h, 30 1 / 2 bills; bills; Al..ditto Priority, Four-and-a-Half per Cents., tona•Kiel, 1(.8 , a, bills, 108 money ' • Rendsbu g , r b 106 mon ; Frederick-William, Northern, 35 bill, ; Copenhagen, 49 bi ey lls. —Borsenhalle, Oct. 4. Ti e broad THE SILK TRADE.--MONDAY, OCT. 6 -- .ii_. a fancy silk trade at Leigh, Failswortb, Middleton, Manches ter, and vicinities, still continues in a precarious state; yet there have been rather better prospects within the last few days. At several places during the last week winders, dyers„ and wareers had more work than for several weeks past. Satin stripe mixed goods were in moderate request; the finest sorts of brocades, and new sorts of figured wprk, are more inquired after. On Friday and Saturday several la r g e silk manufactur ers delivered rather more work out to their weavers ; but this is by no means general, and the weavers of plain goods, on an average, have not more than four days' work per week. Several large firms, however, are preparing goods for spring orders, and hopes ate entertained that, after the Exhibition has been closed, the silk trade will again re vise. The raw material is very high at present. for INTELLIGENCE.—CRANBRO3K.—There was 8 numerous attendance at our fair on Monday, and we are in f a•med that some good samples of Weald of Kent tops ret l:sed 61. 16s. to 71. per cwt. ; but in the aggregate not much business was transacted, the buyer:, seeming determined to make their purchases through the agency of factors—a course, perhaps, which is after all the best, the more espe cially so when the factor is prudent enough to confine him self to the strict letter of his calling, and not step in as a merchant. We noticed a good supply of heavy colts, and some of them changed hands. Th ere was b ut very little stock of any description, and corn ruled very dull, and, to uas a farmer's phrase, unremunerative.—Naidstone journal. LONDON, READINGS FOR TBE RAIL. „Reprinted S T "TT,: I _ I E S." by kermisson. THE " FORTY-FIVE." By Lord Mahon. 271 E CHASE. By Nimrod. John Murray. Encouraged by the brilliant success attendant upon many recent adventures in the way of supplying the masses with cheap and standard literature, Mr Murray has commenced the issue of a new series, destined, we are satisfied, to occupy a very distinguished position among this remarkable class of periodicals. This cir cumstance is perhaps not the less deserving of public consideration when it is coupled with the appearance of another admirable list of works of a similar charac ter, given to the world almost simultaneously by the eminent house of the Messrs. Longman. When it is observed that efforts of this popular description are being mode by those who were aptly described on the lit a July, by Sir Edward Bul wer Lytton, as the " Medici of Publishers," it must be allowed that the aspirants for national education have ample reason to exult in the prospects of a rapid spread of know ledge throughout the population. Formerly this endeavour to supply the multitude with valuable books at a reasonable price was restricted to a very small number of adventurous and intelligent men ; but the merits of their undertakings have for .tunately of late years excited a generous emulation among their contemporaries. The Lengmans are bringing out the Travellers' Library, as the Cham bers brought out their Information for the People; and Murray is now issuing from the press successive portions of Readings for the Rail just as, of old, Knight printed from week to week instalments of the Penny Magazine. Elsewhere in the publishing world a like emulation is being manifested, but at present our remarks must be confined to the example of the enterprise now lying before us for consideration. In the first of the three volumes above mentioned we re cognise, we feel assured, the opening of a new epoch in the progress of periodical literature. It will be perceived that the book comprises alto gether eleven essays, very judiciously selected from literary criticisms which have appeared in the columns of our morning contemporary. By thus grouping these papers together, and reproduc ing them in the form of a separate work, apart from the more ephemeral materials of a news paper, the. writer has rescued them from the gradually increasing obscurity in which they must necessarily have been ultimately involved. Many of the reading public will be rejoiced we doubt not at the fact of this re-issue—more especially when subjectsit is tin e e m nt b it e l r e e d d to th s a c t eu th r e e t a o r t ticles in hemselv q es ue a s l t a io r n r gea elate to amount of popularity. It is scarcely requisite, we believe, to say more to the majority in regard to these subjects than that they will, most of them, be at once recog nised. For example, one essay relates to the fortune, or rather, perhaps, we might more correctly say, the misfortune, which has associated together the names of " Lord Nelson and Lady Hamilton." Another ar ticle is a well-known argument in reference to " Rail way Novels ; " and a third has allusion to the calamities attendant on " Louis Philippe and his Family." As, so to speak, supplementary curiosities of literature, we find also among the essays here collected together, those relating to the genius of " John Keats," and the intellectual industry of "Robert Southey." Auto biographical works will be found recriticised in the essays on " Cottle's Reminiscences," and on " Lord Holland's Reminiscences." Historical chapters will be discovered in the articles relating respectively to " Grote's History of Greece," and to the " Drama of the French Revolution ;" while estimates of two very extraordinary persons will be perceived in other por tions of the volume, those persons being men no less dissimilar than " Dean Swift " and " Howard, the Philanthropist." Perhaps the most masterly essay in the whole collection is that relating to the memorable loves of Stella and Vanessa. We consider, we repeat, the issue of the book containing these remarkable papers as inaugurative of a new era in periodical literature. For inasmuch as Mr. Murray has had the courage to adventure upon what many might have presumed to be a hazardous experi ment, but what is already proving to be a brilliant triumph in republication, he is entitled to the ap plause of the press, and we cannot but think, also, in a very great measure to the gratitude of the general community. It is satisfactory, of course, to witness the re-issue of such a production as the narrative of the insurrection of 1745, extracted from Lord Mahon's " History of England." Equally gratifying again, in its way, is the announcement of the re-appearance, in an accessible shape, of the celebrated " Chase by Nimrod," one of the most delightful and graphic among all the exhilarating effusions of Mr. Apperley. Yet, notwithstanding the value of these very inte resting specimens of Readings for the Rail, we regard the collection of "Essays from the Times" as a work altogether too remarkable of its kind not to eclipse the popularity which might otherwise have been more directly lavished upon its companion re publications. Speaking modestly, but emphati cally, upon the peculiar circumstances mark ing the reprint of those papers from our con temporary, the publisher observes in a notice prefixed to the volume :—" It has long been a subject of gene ral regret that literary productions of the highest order, and referring to matters of lasting interest, should be doomed, through the peculiar medium of their publi cation, to an ephemeral existence; and the acknow ledged frequency with which such compositions have been extracted from the paper for preservation in the reader's common-place book, affords the best possible proof of a wide-spread desire to possess the interesting and instructive records which it is the object of the present volumes to perpetuate." The accuracy of these eulogistic words is sufficiently evidenced by the papers comprised in the very book referred to, and the truth fulness of the remarks of Mr. Murray are in conse quence thereby most decidedly and satisfactorily vin dicated. Whoever is interested in the diffusion of really wholesome knowledge among the masses, in the development of the system of journalism, and in the cultivation of a pure literary taste by the multitude, will exult with ourselves in the appearance of a work like the one here particularised, a work which must ultimately and very materially tend to secure the ad vancement of periodical literature. CCU►RT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, MONDAY. Her Mlijosty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert attended divine service yesterday in the parish church of Crathi2. The service was performed by the Rev. A. Anderson. The Viscountess Canning, the Hon. Beatrice Byng, Earl Grey, and the Gentlemen of the Household were in attendance. A meeting of the Finance Committee of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1861 was held yeSterday at the Exhibition Building. There were present, Earl Granville (Chairman), Mr. Baring, M.l' , Mr. Cubitt, Coloncl Reid, and Mr. Bowing (Secretary). Mr. Cole, Mr. Dinie, and Mr. Carpenter, were also present. The Oxford University Commission had a meeting yesterday at the ofticial residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present—The Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Rev. H. G. Liddell, J. L. Dampier, Esq., the Rev. Profes sor Powell, the Rev. G. H. S. Johnson, and the Rev. A. P. Stanley (secretary). The Marquis of Lansdowne has arrived at the Grove, the seat of the Earl of Clarendon. Dispatches Office from the Governor were received of Canada. yesterday anaa. at the Colonial HER MAJESTY'S PROGRESS. Her Majesty arrived in Edinburgh from Balmoral yesterday (Tuesday) evening, at eight o'clock. When the royal train was within about thirteen miles of Edinburgh one of the pipes of the boiler of the engine burst, which detained the train about an hour. The accident was not such as to create the slightest alarm to her Majesty. A fresh engine was sent from Edinburgh to bring the train in. Her Majesty was most enthusiastically received by the inhabitants of Edinburgh in her progress to Holyrood Palace, from which she will start for the south this (Wednesday) morning, at half-past 8 o'clock HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.—It is announced that this theatre will close on Saturday with the Exhibition. The four la s t per f ormances are to be Fidelio (this evening), Bar biere (to-morrow), Sonnambuia (Friday), and Norma (Sa turday), Mademoiselle Cruvelli supporting the principal character in each. Mr. Lumley is making active prepara tions for his winter campaign at the Bouffes, in Paris. He will open on th e 1 4t h o f next month w i th Lucrezia Borg i a, on which occasion Madame Barbieri Nini will make her debut before a French publi c . M a d ame B ar bi er i Ni n i has arrived in Pari s . Mademoiselle Cruvelli leaves London for Paris on Monday morn i ng, so that the theatre mu s t p os iti ve l y c l ose on Saturd ay. THE ORNI TIIORII7NEUS.—Among the wonders in the Crystal Palace, there is a very fine specimen of that rare and remarkable animal the ornithorhyneus, or duck billed platypus. The creature i s a native of Australia, amphibious, and is regarded by naturalists as the connecting link between the furred and the feathered tribes; it has the body of the quadruped with the head or beak of the duck ! It is, notwithstanding this ma rve ll ous i ncongruity, a very pretty looking animal. When first brought to this country it was looked upon as a cheat, trade up to impose on the learned in zoology. Dr. Shaw doubted the evidence of his own eyes, till a scientific dissection put, the question of its reality beyond a doubt. It is exhibited by Mr. G. Ellis, of Fore-street. The sale of Milton House and the extensive domain apputailiing to the property, fo ur m il es on l y from Bedford, u i s announ d in our columns to take place p os iti ve l y on T , 'Thursday, October It is rarely an estate is in the market offering so many attractions both for residence and investment, and no doubt much competition will be excited. EAST RIDING OF YORKSIIIRE ELECTION.—The election of a Member for the East Riding of Yorkshire, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Broadley, took place yesterday, when the Hon. Captain Duncombe was re turned without opposition. WEDNESDAY AMERICAN NEWS. By the United States' mail steam-ship Pacific, Captain Nye, we have advices from New York to the 27th. She brings 120,000/. in specie. During the passage Mr. Mitchel), of the firm of Denistoun and Co., of Liverpool, was lost overboard. A very destructive fire had occurred at Buffalo. Great - consternation prevailed in New York, owing to the rutnoured instability of the banks; more than half-a-dozen had been named as weak. The influence upon the stock-market of the pressure of money was severely felt. Government stocks had suffered less than any other. The Courier and En quirer says : " For several days past the condition of financial mat ters has been growirg worse, and, should there be no diminution of the present excitement in regard to private credits, we fear the result will be disastrous to many houses who are becoming seriously embarrassed in their negotiations for money. Several failures have occurred within the past week, the influence of which has not only created something of a panic in the discount market, but has extended itself to some of the banks. Money on call has been in request at increased rates of interest, and none but the most desirable securities would bring money upon any terms." _ _ The banks that have already failed are the People's Bank and the Commercial Bank. The market for foreign exchange to send by the Pacific wes rather weak, the scarcity of money limiting purchasers very materially. On London, 110-1- to 110 i. The sales of cotton for the last three days amounted to 1,900 bales. The market continued dull, some sales being made at a decline, though holders were gene rally firm. The market for iron was firm; for tobacco there was a fair demand; flour and wheat firm, and the former had advanced. Freights remained depressed. Flour to Liverpool, 6d. to 7d., to London ls. 6d. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. Arrived at New York—The Guy Mannering, Ash burton, Mayflower, Luconia, Buena Vista, Elizabeth, American Union, R. Parker, and Sarah, from Liver pool ' • London and the Globe, f r om Lo n d o n ; Mohonga, fromLondoirlerry ; Clara Ann, from Bristol ; Robina, from Glasgow ; Florence, from Limerick ; Bavaria, Fortitude, and Prince de Joinville, from Havre ; Caril lon, from Bremen. Arrived at Charleston—The John Calhoun and Annie, from Liverpool. Arrived at Boston—The Ocean Queen, Silas Leonard, Daniel Webster, and Sachen, from Liverpool ; Rival, from London ; America, Glasgow, and Courier, from Cadiz ; Clara and Bride, from Glasgow ; Olive and At lantic, from Clare. • Arrived at Philadelphia—The Berlin, Mary Pleasant, and Rhine, from Liverpool ; Mary Dale, from London derry. Arrived at Baltimore—The A. Cheeseborough, Ed ward Everett, and Repeater, from Liverpool. Arrived at Alexandria—The Virgin and Caroline, from Newport. EVENING, OCTOBER B, 1851. Bread—Pilot is scarce, but crsekers are plentiful and inactive. We quote the former at 183. and the latter at 203. per barrel. Mackerel—Nothing over 245. can be got for best No. 3. Herrings are worth 14s. to 18s., according to quality. The late parcels were of inferior quali:y. Lumber—White pine is in improved inquiry. A cargo to arrive is held for 85. c., deliverable at an eutport; but there are several lots on hand, the remainder of previous importations, which are being retailed at 80s. to 1003., according to quality. Good cedar shingles are worth 225. per 1,000. Beef—American " Family" is taken at 463. to 48s. per half-barrel. Tongues—We quote pig's at 505., and ox at 4Ss. per half-barrel, and proportionately for parts. A lot of Irish ox tongues has been placed at 12s. per kvg of six tongues. Brandy may be readily obtained at ss. to sz. 63. per gallon, short price. The stock is very heavy. Geneva changes hands at 6s. 6d. per case, in bond. The market is very considerably overstocked. Corn—We quote American at 7s. 6d. per bag of twu bushels. There is not any Columbian at market. Rum inactive at 3s. to 3s. 3d. per gallon, proof, for home consumption, or ls. 3d. for exportation. Sugar—We range our quotations at 14s. to 17s. per 100 lb. for dark to good micdling. Fair sugars are vary scarce. Lotwood is in small inquiry at 365. to .18s. per ton. Coilho-326. per 100 lb. would be readily paid for good ordinary, thero is not any on offer. Pimento—The new crop is being taken off, but only small parcels have as yet found their way to market. There are buyers at 3d. to 31d. per lb. Ginger—Nu recent operations have transpired. Gold—Columbian doubloons are worth 2 to 2i per cent., and American gold 1 per cent, premium. Malt—Bottled is wanted. It may be quoted at 7s. 9d. per dozen. Bulk is plentiful and dull at 755. per hogs head. Salt—Liverpool stoved is inactive. About 400 sacks havo changed hands at 4s. _ _ TobaccO—The stock of all descriptions is heavy. Leaf has been sold at 60s. per 100 lb., and Cavendish at 10d. per lb. P.S.—The schooner Ocean Queen, from Halifax, came in after the foregoing was in type. Her cargo consists of about 10 hhds., 100 tierces, and 200 boxes codfish, a few barrels mackerel and herrings, and 30 barrels sal mon. The last named may be considered a full supply for at least five or six weeks, EXCHANGES ON LONDON. Colonial Bank ... 90 days, per cent. prem. if 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. • 6, ▪ 30 days, 11 per cent. prem. Jamaica Bank ... 90 days, per cent. prem. 66 • 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. sc ... 30 days, 1i per cent. prem. Merchants' Bills ... 90 days, par. ON NEW YORK. Merchants' Bills, 60 days, 1 per cent. prem. THE JUDGE OF THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT AND MR. WHITTY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—As a friend to free and impartial inquiry, you will probably deem the remarks of this letter not the less deserving of insertion in your columns, though opposed to the present current of public opinion. That the steps taken by Mr. Ramshay have been of an extreme character, and that his language and conduct have bean injudicious, can scarcely be dis , puted. But the questions still remain—ls Mr. Whitty deserving of all the public sympathy that he has received ? Is it conducive to the high character for gentlemanlike conduct of the leading members of the English press, to make common cause with him, and to hold him up as a blameless martyr ? This question may best be answered by the solution of another, viz., Are respectable English journals (whe ther in London or elsewhere) in the habit of doing what he did when he caused the name of Mr. Ram shay to be placarded on the walls of the town of Liverpool, within short distance of his court ? In vindication o Mr. Whitty it has been said, this placard was perfectly innocent ;,,it merely announced that his paper contained " Mr. Ramshay's opinion of the people of Liverpool ;" and that opinion, it is further urged, might have been quite complimentary. Further, it has been suggested that in all this the Liverpool journalist did no more towards Mr. Ram shay than the Times or the Examiner have done towards Justice Talfourd or Baron Martin, viz., com ment freely on his decisions. Now, with all due deference to those who adopt such views, I may be allowed to observe that, in my humble judgment, nothing but the excitement of the present time time can account for the reception by , sensible and intelligent writers of sophistries so pal pable as these views involve. What manner of analogy is there between a comment on the opinions of judges confined to the columns of a public journal and placarding their names in the public streets, in an invidious and insulting manner, within a stone's throw from the tribunal where they have to decide between man and man ? To say that this hand-bill in ques tion might have implied that the judge had compli mented the people of the town is a very indifferent defence—considering that the reverse was in truth the fact, and considering also the mutual irritation and hostile feelings that had long existed. The true and fair parallel would occur were the Times, the Examiner, or The Sun to send forth a host of bill. stickers to cover the walls of Sergeant's Inn, the Temple, and Parliament-street, in term time, with placards announcing the intended publication "in their next journal of Mr. Justice Talfourd's or Mr. Baron Martin's opinion on criminal law, or of Mr. Baron Platt's opinion on high sheriffs, &c." I quite concur in all that has appeared from the press, to the effect that Mr. Ramshay would have acted more judiciously had he borne his late success with dignified silence and forbearance, and treated in sults of this kind with passive contempt. But is the conduct of those who take advantage of his irritability (whether constitutional or from ill-health) to be passed over without the censure it merits ? Nay, more, are they to be made objects of public sympathy and applause ? No one can feel more deeply than the writer of this letter the importance of maintaining the freedom and influence of the public press; but the conductors of the press will best advance this great object by strict im partiality—by employing reproof, and not sympathy, towards a member of the body of journalists who has pursued a questionable course of conduct. I have no intimacy or communication with Mr. Ramshay, and I think it unfortunate that the state of feeling towards him should be what it is, and Mr. Whitty I believe to be, personally, a respectable man. The foregoing remarks have been suggested to me solely by a view of the facts formed at a distance, and on their merits.—l am Sir, &c., Oct. 4, 1851. JURISCONSULTUS. THE CHEAP LOAF. TO THE EDTOR OF THE SUN. am one of those stupid persons who cannot comprehend how producers of food and other neces saries of life, more especially the producers of bread, are benefited by "a cheap loaf." By a cheap loaf mean a 41b. wheaten loaf, which exchanges for, or is purchased by 21 grains of gold, expressed in our cur rency fivepence. We are instructed by political economists that the value of a commodity depends upon the labour be stowed upon it to prepare it for the use of the pur chaser ; to lemur we are directed to look for a measure of value. This admitted; and if we admit, also, the loaf is become fifty per cent. cheaper by recent legislation, it follows from the precept of the economists that the producer of loaves should pro duce three loaves with the same amount of labour with which he heretofore produced two. Now it is my misfortune to know that such is not the fact. In my rural walks I have conversed with many practical farmers and hard-working labourers, and I am convinced from the information so obtained that the loaf to them is no cheaper than it was, in re lation to the professed measure of value of the economists. I am too old to be won by, or amused even, by frothy speeches ; I am pleased only by words, whether they be uttered by Peer or plebeian, that express truths. Knowing as I do, that the husbandman doe labour as hard as ever to produce a loaf, lam de sirous to learn whether there is any new system of handicraft discovered by which the loaf can be pro duced by fifty per cent. less labour than it was some ten years since. Taking a common sense view of the matter, I am not, however, without hope that the day of retribu tion for the hard-toiling producers is at hand—retri bution which will induce so complete a reformation of our (commercial policy, and adjustment of our monetary system, that they, at any rate, will be justly requited. The economists tell us labour is the m easureof value ; their precept is at variance with their practice for our monetary system is, in defiance of their asser tion, based not upon labour, but upon gold. IN h en , and I most fervently hope the day is not distant, we shall have imports of gold reckoned b y the hund re d weight instead of by the ounce,; the industrious sec tions of the community will be released from the clutches of those who are now by law permitted to exact three measures of the products of their toil in stead of two only to which the legalised extortioner is entitled. The bullionists will not merely be better informed, but be compelled to honest conduct. They will not, in all probability, be over delighted with the celebrated definition of a pound when they find that the pound of 5 dwts. 3grs. weight of gold will exchange only f or a b us h e l , possibly a gallon, of wheatinstead of a sack; the bullionists will then be reedy s enough to acced e t o a j ust comprom i se; b ut until tnen we must a p paren tl y en d ure, as we b est can, the strife and distraction now unhappily pervading our social system. Your obedient and obliged servant, Oct. 7, 1851. J. H. GLUT OF SILVER. AT THE EXHIBITION.—"Yeste rda y it was found necessary to have two cabs to convey to Threadneedle-street the accumulation of the previous day, and the weight of specie vAnonnted to no lei* than 15 cwt. THE WEST INDIA AND MEXICAN MAIL. SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 7. The Royal Mail Company's steam-ship Clyde, Captain F. E. Moss, with the West India mails, in charge of Lieutenant Percival, R.N., Admiralty agent, arrived this morning at half -past eleven o'cock. During the homeward voyage of the Clyde she experienced moderate weather throughout. The latest dates brought by the Clyde are : Vera Cruz, Sept. 6 ; Tampico, 4; Chagres, 9 ; Car tbegena, 11; Jamaica, 13; Demerara, 11 ; Trinidad, 11 ; Barbadoes, 13 ; Grenada, 12; St. Kitt's, 15 ; Nevis, 15 ; .Porto Rico, 17 ; St. Thomas, 18 ; La Guayra, 12 ; Tortola, 16 ; Antigua, 15 ; St. Vincent, 12; St. Lucia, 14 ; Montserrat, 15 ; Santa Martha, 9 ; Gray Town, 3. The Clyde brings on freight :-334,887 dolls., on merchants account; 41,343 dolls. for the dividends; 243,693 dolls. gold dust and gold in bars ; 1,125 dolls. platina ; 1001. British coin; 79 suns cochineal; two small parcels pearls, value 3,750 dolls. ; 3 tierces of eoffee; 31 brls. ditto; 18 brls. ginger; 10 bales of , and 59 packa ges o f sundries.tobacco ; 85 bales Peruvian bark The following is a list of the passengers by this arrival, and from whence : Sir William Colebrook, Miss Colebrook, and Mr. For man, from Barbadoes; Mr. David, )Sir. Sadly, Mr. Du chesne, and Mrs. St. Loskey, from Chagres; Mr. Robert Lake, from Trinidad; Lady Campbell and companion, Mr. Cloke, and Mr. Cheukley, from St. Vincent; Mr. and Miss Montifirre, Mr. Watson, Mrs. Monett, Mr. Kilkelly, Mr. Webber, Mr. Gibbons, and two Misses Gibbons, from Barbadoes; Mr. Dancy, Mr. de la Motto and boy, and Mr. De Raime, from Martinique; Mr. Gueyton, lady, and child, Mr. Lalisye, and Mr. Devilli, f►om Guadaloupe; Miss Quelch, from St. Kiti.'s; Mr. Hauer, from Grenada; Mr. Mirafuentes and Mr. Bahr, from Vera Cruz; Mr. Grant, Lieut. Lovell (16th Rcg.), lady, child, and servant, Colonel Hughes (Ist West India Regiment), Lieut. Temkinson, R.A., Captain Smith, lady, and eight children, Mr. Fyle, and Master Osborne and nurse, from Jamaica; Mr. Casellos and Mr. Rabona, from Porto Rico; and five deck passengers. DEMERARA. Mr usual files of papers from this place have come to hand, but we find little worth extracting. The propositions which had been brought forward by Governor Barkly for making some changes in the political institutions of the colony bad not, up to the leaving of the mail, been proceeded with. He is at present on a visit to the county of Berbice, and, un less any sudden emergency should arise, the Court of Policy will not re-assemble before the 29th. A severe shock of earthquake was felt on the I but no injury result morning of the Bth ult. from it. The weather has been very warm during the past fortnight, but a few light a n d partial showers have fallen. The manufacture o f sugar is going on briskly, and there is a good demand for produce. JAMAICA. The news from this island is to the 13th ult., but ;here is little of interest. ,je as 2B B t a h i d t c o oncluded. The cholera may be said together o f o A n s T s e u m e h s d l y a , y i t cal T le e d e 2.. w i li i d i c a ll , e period s t s h i z e e a b uws would n u e l d s s be e f the Supreme Court and ,inwstoaunitd, by cloudy and a good deal of rain 1 h have disappeared, and on the whole the island is hee The weather was ren dersd the agricultural districtst' had 3"r. fallen, which remarkably pleasant. EXCIIANGES.—On Londe per cent., all preen. ; I n —Colonial Bank, 90 days, i per cent., 60 days, pre s m h . ip ; s s m po e k rc e h n e w nt i e t ' h bi o ll n s, jama,icolowdrayese:.:.; per3o days,cent., allli Bank, 90 days, i per cent, 60 days, 1 per cent., 3' g d s w pe 'e k s e tw t a hL r e d. York—Merchants' bills, 60 days,days, par. On New 19, passed and exchangedl per cent. prem. brig, showing No. 52, in return oyage.—September on coloursdo barque i with licr 0 p a : a o m f b s u w r ga Swan black figures on white r ground, si ~ passed September 28, 5.30 River, from Sydney for lat. 38 22 N., long. 40 23 W . O oll e t tOb l e 4 l` s 4 da l ys, in passed and-signalled the ship Jane White, of Hull, P” y'ss Septembert steam-ships.—The steering to eastward, in lat. 41 23 N., long. 16 3 W. October 6, 8.30 A.m., spoke the s , ip Charlotte, 2 of London, from Calcutta, lat. 49 23 IN., long. 6 35 m-s h l i. W., steering up Channel. 8 p s ;. —t the he Thames Great left Carthagena September 10; the Trent arrived at St. Thomas, from England, September 18 „ the Con way,WSesttactrinon, Stations St. Themes, h co e m m p as a , u on the Havannah and Honduras route ; the Eagle, at St. Tames, September 18 ; the Derwent, at Barbadoes, September 13. THE JAMAICA BANK.—At the half yearly meet ing of the shareholders of this establishment, held on Monday, a highly satisfactory report of the transac tions of the bank for the six months ending 30th June lest was presented by the directors. —Morning Jour nal, Sept. 6. ASSISTANCE TO JAMAICA FOR. PURPOSES OP Cteb- LERA.--Her Msjesty's Government have obtained a grant of 7,000/. (seven thousand pounds) from Par liament, to assist Jamaica in her distresses resulting from cholera, but whether this slim is to be divided among the several medical men who were sent here during the early part of the year, or to be distributed among persons in the island who have become sufferers from the disease, has not been morm meotioned. — • ng Journal, Sept. 6._____________ INTELIAGENCE. JAMAICA. SEPT. 13. - - --- s ON, Mercantile Intelligencer.) We have but few operations of any (F C r O om Al importance to re port in this number of the intellig,l netr. Stocks are generally light, but that circum st ance_ has had no. effect t o come forward in inducing the trade d with any more alacrity than they have exhibitedd.for some weeks past. In tact, our business has, during the last few months, De AIEKRI Cordon NCGiAS a TI: been narrowing itself within the limits of a strictly retail trade, speculation has all but ceased ; and, save in very few instances, dealers evince extreme reluc tance to venture on wholesale purchases when the con trary is optional to them at a proportionate advance o f prices. The produce market is quiet, and but lit t l e i s b e i ng done for exportation. Sugars are l . :)w, prices ranging from Hs. to 17s. for dok to gcod ordinary. The finer quali ties are scarce. Rum is plentiful and inactive. The new crop of pimento is being taken off, but the market as yet is very lightly supplied. Flour—The receipts since our last have been limited to one cargo of Georgetown end Alexandria, some 1,400 barrels, the me,st considerable portion cf which was placed at 32g. per barrel. The market is again bare. Meal continuos to bring 16s. pQr barrel. The market is amply supplied. Rice—A public sale of Madras was attempted in the early part cf the fortnight, but nothing w.ts done. Ben gal sells at 13s. to 13s. 6d. Of Carolina 100 tierces have changed hands at 17s. per 100 lb. 13 utter—Irish has been moving slowly, at 90. for Bel fast and 10d. f or Cork. Holders of the latter are firm at the quotation. The market is almost bare of American and attlifax. The former, of good quality, commands Bd. per pound. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE MOANING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. TIMES.—The lamentable exhibition made last week by Mr. Ramshay, Judge of the County Court of Liverpoo:, imperatively calls for immediate action on the part of Lord Carlisle, as well for the sake of the unfortunate gentleman himself as of the public. We are not now about to reason with Mr. Ramshay as to the extent of his power, or as to the peculiar merits of the case which he dragged before his court. Such a mode of dealing , with the matter would prove us to have misconceived the mischief with which the Chancellor of the Duchy has to deal. The removal— the immediate removal—of the learned person is of absolute necessity, not because he has mistaken the law, but because, from the peculiar state of his mind— from the condition of morbid excitement in which he now is —he appears utterly incapable of fulfilling the duties of a judge. Unfortunately the late proceedings which have occurred with respect to himself seem to have taken so forcible a hold of his imagination us to have entirely overturned his judgment. The idea that he has been made the subject of a conspiracy, and that he is in duty bound to undertake the special mission of defending the administration of justice from the machinations of interested opponents, has reached with him that degree of in tensity which constitutes monomania, and his whole conduct is affected by this prepossession. His mental state is no longer that which is com monly described by the terms " bad temper," neither does the word " anger " accurately depict it. Oce notion has taken possession of his brain ; ind already an unfortu nate train of events operating upon a m lowered by illness has exaggerated this notion into a portentous magnitude ; all other considerations seem to him utterly worthless and insignificant when com pared with this monster of his imagination ; and he proceeded to deal with the every-day circumstances of life as if they were really exponents of the things which existed only in his own distorted conceptions. Don Quixote and the windmill is an exact foresha dowing of what occurred the other day at Liverpool. A County Court Judge ought certainly to be deemed a very respectable person ; his functions are impor tant, and the qualifications for his office are such as ought to belong to a man of a learned profession and a gentleman, but there is nothing to mark such a man out for persecution. There is nothing in the duties of his office or his relative position in society to make it the interest of any powerful class to select him as the victim of a conspiracy. Mr. Ramshay unhappily thought 1 1 otherwise. He went to Liverpool fully persuaded that his predecessor had been destroyed by persecu tion, and he was resolved not like him to succumb or yield to any such attacks. He had conjured up for himself a band of moral assassins, whose every object was to destroy an unright judge; and he fancied that wonderful courage and ever-watchful vigilance were required to resist their baneful machinations. His manners were from the first not those of a man of the world, but were abrupt, rude, and coarse. He was easily excited to anger, and being so excited, he ex pressed himself in the first and least polished phrases which the vernacular afforded. This peculiarity laid him open to attack—in fact, invited it; and any one who knew aught of the habits of Englishmen could quickly have foretold that Mr. Ramshay would soon lay himself open to imputation and assault. If a man hesitated, he called him a fool ; if he gave an unin telligible answer, he asserted, without further inquiry, that he was drunk. If Mr. Ramshay wished to state that the Court entertained grave suspicions of a particular person's honesty, he at once stated that he was " a rogue," "a rascal ;" and thus he went on from day to day exciting himself as well as those he thus abused, till at length the storm which every man of common foresight must have known would come burst over the angry judge, who was in consequence cited to appear before his superiors. To what took place be fore the tribunal, if tribunal it can be called, before which Mr. Ramshay appeared, we need not now re fer; enough was disclosed to show that Mr. Ramshay ought never to have been appointed. There was not, however, sufficient elicited to justify dismissal. The position of Lord Carlisle was a difficult one, but that difficulty was brought upon him by his own too easy disposition, combined with a failing that belongs to his party as well as himself, he and they being always anxious to support and forward all those who are related to their families, or connected with them as clients and retainers. While the mischievous effects of such a feeling are found resulting only from appointments to inferior positions in the public service, people shut their eyes, or indulge in a little useless grumbling, their displeasure for the most part evaporating in the expression. They treat the proceedings as a foolish weakness, being unwilling to look upon it as a serious evil. But when the same spirit of family patronage affects the selection of men for high judicial ofiloe—when such extraordinary vagaries are practised as those of which we have lately been wondering beholders, then the public in dignation is fairly roused, and punishment —we use the word advisedly --must fall, not on the unhappy person chosen, but upon his erring patron. Tne person really to blame in this matter is, not Mra Ramshay, but Lord Carlisle. Lord Carlisle was bound to be particularly careful in this case. A great expe riment was being tried in our judicial system. The success of the new arrangements necessarily depended upon the fitness of the judges appointed to administer justice in the newly-framed County Courts, end a failure in any one instance would be likely to excite doubts, and check our advance in cur lately adopted career of legal reform. We know, indeed, that the Administration of which Lord Carlisle forms a part are not, and have not even affected to be, law re formers. But we suppose that, with some exceptions, they are not opposed to improvement in our judicial system, and we cannot suspect any one of them of a desire to throw discredit upon the new plan by means of an incompetent judge, and among the last of those to whom we should attribute such an unworthy mo tive is the Noble Lord himself. His intentions, we have no boubt, were pure, but he certainly was care less; he thought little of the importance of the se lection he was bound by his office to make, and under the influence of this want of consideration, and a wish to forward the son of an old client of his family, he risked, with his eyes open, the mischief that was sure to follow an injudicious appointment. By inquiry, if inquiry had been needed, Lord Carlisle might have ascertained the habits and the character of the learned gentleman, and ho would have at once dis covered therefrom that however estimable in other re spects Mr. Ramshay might be, ho was totally unfit for the office of a judge. This want of precaution on the part of Lord Carlisle, and his unfortunate selec tion, resulting from the mixed motives we have de scribed, deserve, and doubtless will receive, severe re prehension. Still, even from this most painful occur rence we may derive a salutary lesson. We are by it driven to ask, why is the duty of appionting a judge left to the discretion of the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ? The office is one now purely poli tical; it is held by persons of importance to an Ad ministration merely, and is not conferred with any reference to legal knowledge or peculiar ability. Lord Carlisle is an important person in the Whig party, endowed with many amiable qualities, but he knows nothing of law, and must judge of legal attainments and of a man's aptitude for the performance of judicial duties upon hearsay, and by the opinions of others. We have thus one man responsible, and possessing the power of appointment, and we have another really deciding and selecting, who, though the actu ally efficient person in the proceeding, is unknown and irresponsible. Such a system ought to be altered. One person, and one alone, ou g ht t o h ave th e appoint ment of the judges of the county courts, and that person should be the Lord Chancellor. He is, or ought to be, a lawyer ; he has passed his life in the prac tice of his profession ; he must, in some degree, be acquainted with the characters and capacities of most men practising at the bar; and ho is thus from his position able to make the right choice, an d responsible if he make an improper one. of f oo t l h i e sh D p u r c iv h i y leg o e t L no nca We hope, then, th at hereafter this mischievous anomaly with respe c t t o this important subject—this ba idle or and belonging g sl be immediately d one away with, and tothe Lancaster—will bs that the power and duty of selection throughout the kingdom will at ouce be imposed on the Lord Chan cellor, who we also hope will not, like Lord Carlisle in the case of Mr. Ramshay, be induced by favour or p al e i r o s w o n p a feelings prejudice ejudo ea to and forego partial affections for private to u s e u n r d p s , t h o e r place of duty a n d o f reason. DAILY NE WS.—To those who have watched the course of public affairs in France, there is nothing so surprising, and so mortifying to behold, as the simi larity, almost the sameness, indeed, of all Administra tions in that country. Whether the monarch reigns by what is called legitimatist right, whether he seeks to enforce that right with zeal, or render it palateable by conciliation—whether the occupier of the throne be a king elected by the choice of politicians and the sanction of the people, or whether in fine the Govern ment be a republic based on universal suffrage, and proclaiming universal rights—it all comes to the same l point; the Administration is found proceeding in the self same path. Fear of the people, p the press, the grossest infraction of individual u liberty tion th of ersec and of every law guaranteeing it, proscription of r it•higehmtsioadndofprtahco Fr practice of French Jesuits, and the mind of French manhood under the nc a h ss youth nniatin i n n , endeavour d keepingavou to place the of l the ace dread of the gaoler, the police officer, end the Atter uey-Genaral—these are the characteristics of every Administration that Franco bas seen during half a century. No matter how liberal the statesmen who take office—no matter how absolutist, the principle of administration becomes the same. You may execrate Polignac and Peyronnet, you may rejoice at the accession to power of men so liberal and so honest as Barrot and Faucher, yet you find the former eager to bolster up th e Pope's despotism by the bayonets of French soldiers, and you find a severe persecution of the press mark - the Government of the latter. We might say the same of sovereigns, and ask where has been the difference between the elder Bourbons, the Orleans ditto, and the lesser Bonansrte? Are they not all one and the same, except, perhaps, that some one princ e may h ave bad a little mere fa tuity, and another somewhat more cunning ? But all run the same career, to reach the same end—viz., the unpopularity and universal contempt under which king and dynasty sick, to ri se no more. Is it not clear as the noon-day that Louis Napoleon is going the way of all French princes, and by precisely the same road which they all took ? And we see the con sequence. At this moment the political class, those who have influence and hope for place--these people are in the fiercest agitation and commotion, some score for the Bonapartist, some dozen for the Orleacist, and as many for the Legitimatist. But look away from some hundreds of these professional politicians to the country at large, and there will he found a uni versal indifference and contempt for every one of the candidates, not one of whom either inspires hope or commands respect. Yet all hope to be elected, nay, to convert the elective chair into an hereditary throne. Tney are building a pedestal of hatred and contempt; they are anxious to get up upon this pe destal, and they hope to support themselves on such a basis. Verily, kingship is the most unpromising of professions, followed by the most fatuitous of men. But what is the cause of princes being such puppets, and of liberal stetesmeu proving the contrary of what they themselves promised and all their friends ex pected ? The reason lies in the terrible and vast cen tralization of French government, in the number, 'sewer, hierarchy and traditional spirit of that bureau cratic, which, wherever it reaches firm establishment, soon absorbs everything else, prince, ministers, states men, and even public opinion itself. This immense ma chine is the only mode by which a minister can govern. Yet all he can do is to set it in motion, and be satisfied with what it produces; for regulate or stop its move ments he cannot. A home minister may be shocked by those freaks of power which his subordinates com mit, such as the breaking in upon convivial meetings in the provinces, threatening deputies with arrest for opening their mouths, or issuing an ukase that libe rals shall not be supplied at any hotel with dinner. The prosecution and condemnation of young Hugo for denouncing the punishment of death as cruel, whilst such men as Thiers and Changarnier talk and do treason aloud every hour in the day, may shock the sense and good feeling of a minister of justice. But what can he do ? The home minister can no more restrain his myrmidons of police and prefecture than the justice minister can check his procureurs and substituts. And it is the same in foreign policy. A French agent at Athens or Alexandria will get into rivalry, and quarrel with his English colleague for some trifle or another, and the Minister at home can do nothing but sanction and abet. In fact, it is a bureaucratic that governs France, that has governed, and will govern it, under L ou i s N apo l eon , aye, and u n d er C ava i gnac as he is, b u t i n f eo d ate d as h e order. The Fre nc h b ureaucratic i s iuhsinmtdoes himself, lhf e, L ap o la u l try - e l; ou ti fb il lo i p re pe ' da of course monarchic, which is very ungrateful of it, for it enjoys greater power, and exercises greater tyranny at present than it did in the days of any monarch. But then it fears that the golden reign may not last. An official aristocracy cannot well stand based on universal suffrage, and yet universal suffrage has rendered the French bureaucratic more powerful and numerous in the republican Assembly than ever it was before. But, as they say, this is not solid; and they would sacrifice the freedom and the greatness of France to-morrow to any king of any race, or of any principle, that would secure them this monopoly. It is the same thing in Prussia, ex cept that the Prussian bureaucratic will not tolerate even constitutionalism, which it considers hostile to it; whereas French officials would at least have the form of representative go vernment, although with so little of either the reality or the advantages, that but for the appearance of the thing they might invoke absolutism at once. The struggle in France and in Prassia is now much the same. It lies between the bureau cracies and the people, the former supported by the army, of which the officers form a class and hierarchy of placemen, with interests similar to the civilian servants of the state. The people of both countries have the satisfaction of seeing that they pay largely to support these classes for tyrannising over them. An aristocracy weighs over both countries, not an aristo cracy of either birth, wealth, or talent, but an aris tocracy of placemen. It is the system of centraliza tion which supports them. And it is for the people to devise how they can get rid of these incubi, and go vern themselves constitutionally and monarchically if they will, but without an official multitude to prey upon them and tyrannise over them. This is-far more important than to decide whether a Legitimatist, a quasi-Legitimatist, or a Republican chief shall be the head man—the great chef de bureau of the bureau cracy. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. The broad pendant of Commodore Seymour was struck at sunset on Monday evening., on board the St. George, 180, in Hamosze ; and the commodore pro ceeded on six days' leave of absence, in order to bring down his family. The duty of the dockyard will be performed by Mr. Mills, master attendant, and that of the ordinary by Captain Joseph Nias, Companion of the Bath, A superannuation board sat at Devonport on Monday, at the Commodore Superintendent's-office, iu the dockyard, Devonport, consisting of Commodore M. Seymour, Captain Nios, of the. St. George; the master-attendant, Mr. Mills ; Mr. Turner, acting master shipwright ; and Mr. Folds, surgeon, when the whole of the men on the list returned from the Admiralty were inspected, with a few others who are considered worn out, and the opinion of the board was to he transmitted to the Admiralty. Dauntless, 33, screw-frigate, Captain Halsted, and Sutlej, remained at St. Helen's, and were not likely to get away yesterday, as it blew a gale with foul weather from the westward. Elfin royal yacht-tender, Master Commander Bal listen, returned to Portsmouth from Osborne yes terday morning. PORTSMOUTH, TUESDAY.—This morning ali the officers of this dockyard were personally presented to the new Cornmqnder-in-Chief, Admiral Sir Thomas Briggs, 6-.C.M.G., by Rear-Admiral Superintendent Prescott, C.B ,at the Admiralty-housT. Each officer received a most cordial and courteous recognition from the Port Admiral. The Odin steam-frigate, Commander Sir W swam Wiseman, will come into harbour to-morrow, to re sume her former position.in the ordinary. The Avon steam-vessel, Master-Commander Veitch, came into harbour this morning from the eastward, on her return to Plymouth. The Furious, new steam-frigate, was taken into the Angle Dock to-day to be coppered. The Rodney, 92, Captain Charles Graham, C. 8., is entering hands but slowly, men not being so plen tiful here as was supposed, and none being accepted for this ship but fine ablebodied men. Woonwicn, OcT. 6.—The Resolute, Captain Ho ratio T. Austin, CB. the Assistance, Captain Eras inn Ommanney , an d the Intrepid, Lieutenant- Commander John B. Cater, all arrived at Woolwich, between twelve and one o'clock to-day, and the two sailing vessels were brought up at moorings opp os it e the dockyard, while Mr. Atherton, chief-engineer, went on board the Intrepid screw steam-vessel, and went down the river a short distance in her, to be able to report the state of her engines. The whole of the vessels employed under Captain Austin in the Arctic Expedition are to be paid off at this port on Thurs day next. Captain Ommanney has brought home the first relic that was found by him of the traces of Sir John Franklin's party at Cape Riley. It appears in the form of a rake such as is used by persons employed in collecting seaweed. The handle is about twelve feet long, and the gathering part about two feet six inches long, on which six teeth have been fixed, about five inch es i n l engt h , forme d o f narrow h oop iron curved inwards. Captain Ommanney brought borne a young man, about nineteen years of age, of the Esquimaux tribe, and who to habit the country beyond Cape York, . 1, 1849. The the place where the North Star wintered in of Esquimaux youth is clothed in the same cos tume as the other sailors, and ap a iraigs t, le with a remarkablyface reau Chinese,is very also but v o e fraynflaflat and Asiatic cast, more nearly like eb l r i kraTternhhetael laEnesoyql,uai and has been good tempered and stout for his li t has much attached to Captain gallant officer who s country, and the name of the cape where be came from. The charts brought home by the respective vessels are now nearly completed, brought n am named Erasmushim t o York,t _ and afford evidence of the exertions of the officers in the execution of their arduous duties, and will add m any hundreds of miles of hitherto unexplored lands to future maps of the Arctic regions, and many parts only put down in haste by former navigators have been corrected by Captain Ommanney. Bathurst and Cornwallis, bo‘,ll deeee ibed as islands by former navi- ; eators, hav e b ee! , found connected together, and to the rnainlend, by Captain Austin's expedition. The effic'ers and crews of the whole of the vessels heve returned in tolerable health, and only one man has died since the expedition left Woolwich in June, 1850. PROPERTY IN GREAT BRITAIN.—The Committee of tue House of Commons, in their report on the law of part nership, which has, with the evidence, just been printed, state that, in round numbers, in thirty-three years since the peace, whilst lands in Great Britain hfive increased 1848 only 8,500,000/. in annual value, or a little more th an 5 per cent., messuages (being chiefly ouses and manufac tories and warehouses in and near towns, and inhabited by persons depending greatly on trade and commerce) have augmented above 26,000,000/. in annual value, or about 30 per cent in the same period. The value of railways, gas works, and other property chiefly held in shares as per sonal property, had increased about twelvefold in the same period.