The Sun. — London, England, 1845-03-27 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—The Queen and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden, took an early morning walk on the Terrace, the pleasute-grounds, and the Home Park, and after wards returned to the Castle in a pony carriage. Soon afterwards her Maiesty and his Royal Highness rode cat on horseback for some time in the Great Park, at tended by the lion. Miss Hamilton, Colonel the Hon. Charles Grey, and Major-General Sir Edward Bowater. The Pence of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alive, were taken for a carriage airing in the ferenoon, and Prince Alfred in the grounds around the Castleg' Her Royal Highness the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Bean, attended by the Baroness de Strumfeder, paid a visit to the Duchess of Kent at Frogmore House thisaorning. In: afternoon, the Queen, Prince Albert, and the Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden, rode out in a pony landau. The Countess of Charlemont, Lady in Wait ing, the Baroness de Strumfeder, Lady in Waiting to the Grand Duchess, and Admiral Sir Robert Otway, Groom in Waiting, followed in the next carriage. The Hon. Misses Stanley and Hamilton, Maids of Honour in wait ing, and the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord in Waiting, fol lowed in another carriage. The two equerries in wait ing attended on horseback. The Royal Family were taken a walking exercise this afternoon. the royal dinner party at the Castle to-day included her Royal: Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady A. M. Dawson, Lord Haddo, Dowager Lady Lyttelton, the Countess Wratislaw, Sir George Couper, Major-General Wemyss, - Colonel Bentinck (Coldstream Guards) and Mrs. Bentinck. The band of the Coldstream Guards was in attendance during dinner, and performed the following pieces : Fantasia from Don Carlos—Costa. Quadrille, Zampa—Jullien. Sestetto, "Vedi Come" (Ernani)— Verdi. Waltz—Handley. Romance, Va, dites elle"—Meyerbeer. Polka, Oleander—Dean. Her Majesty's private band afterwards attended and performed the remainder of the evening. A deputation from the Kentish Coast Railway trans acted business yesterday at the Railway department of the Board of Trade. Mr. Rowland Hill and a deputation respecting the Brighton and Hastings Railway had an interview with the Earl of Dalhousie yesterday, at the office of the Board of Trade. Dispatches from the Governor of the Mauritius were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. Dispatches for the Governor of Gibraltar were sent off last evening from the Colonial-office. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. A new tragic drama entitled 111clamora, or the Last of the Whampanogs, was produced at this theatre last even ing, with Mr. Edwin Forrest as the hero Metamora. This chief of the red men is already well known to the majority of our readers as Philip of Pokanoket, the hero of one of the most touching tales in Washington Irving's Sketch-book. The character of Metamora is thus drawn by Geoffrey Crayon:—" He was a patriot attached to his native soil—a prince true to his subjects and indignant of their wrongs—a soldier daring in battle, firm in ad versity, patient of fatigue, of hunger, of every variety of bodily suffering, and ready to perish in the cause he had espoused—proud of heart, with an untameable love of natural liberty, he preferred to enjoy it among the beasts of the forest, or in the dismal and famished recesses of swamps and morasses, rather than bow his haughty spirit to submission, and live independent and despised in the ease and luxury of the settlements. With heroic qualities and bold achievements that would have graced a civilised warrior, and have rendered him the theme of the poet and the historian, ho lived a wanderer and a fugitive in his native land, and went down like a lonely bark foundering amid darkness and tempest, without a pitying eye to weep his fall, or a friendly hand to record his struggle." The fall of Metamora might furnish abundant materials for a first-rate tragedy, but that tragedy has yet to be written. The present attempt is a mere melodrama, and not one of the highest order. Except when Metamora is on the stage everything is common-place. Mr. Forrest's Metamora, was a vigorous, energetic, though somewhat coarse performance, but it was the salvation of the piece. He was called for at the con clusion, and honoured with the usual curtain ovation. The scenery was very beautiful. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE. It is respectfully announced that A GRAND MUSICAL FETE, Comprising the unpublished manuscripts of the celebrated FELICIEN DAVID, Will be executed, for the first time in this country, THIS EVENING With the original Melodies and Choruses. Grand Descriptive Symphonic Ode of THE DESERT, produced for the first time with the most enthusiastic success at the Conservatoire Royal, Paris. LE DESERT. Ode, Symphonic, Orientsle--divided in three parts with grand orchestra. The orchestra and chorus will include upwards of 200 per formers. The whole under the Direction of Signor Costa. Soios by Sigs. Moriant and CoreW. PROGRAMME. Part I.—Entrance to the Desert. Glorification of .Uah ; grand chorus of tie Caravan—Departure of the Caravan—Tempest in the Desert— Eiturn of the Calm—The Caravan resumes its march. Part 11.—Night. The Evening Star—Halt of the Caravan—Hymn to the Night : air sung by Signor Moriani—Arablan Fantasia—The Dance of the Aimee—The Liberty of the Desert : grand chorus with orchestra— Evening reverie : melody sung by Signor Moriani, with chorus and orchestral accompaniments—Sleep Part lll.:—Sun-rlse. Call of the Muezzin; original Arabian melody, with the Arabic words—The Caravan starts once more on its journey —The Cara van gradually disappears in the distance ; grand chorus and orches tra—Silence in the Desert—The Song of Thanksgiving—Allah. Grand chorus final. Introductory Part-Ist. Fragment of Grand Symphony in E flat-2d. Melodie imitative a Grand Orehestre : Leas Ilirondelles, sung by Signor Moriani-3d. Melodie Orientate : Lo Chibouque 4th. Soiree du Printomps Fragment tire des quartre Saissons de Fellcien David, executed by all the string instruments. Boxes, Two, Three, and Four Guineas each. .Applications for Boxes, Stalls, and Pit Tickets to be made at the Opera-cake, Colonnade, Haymarket. Doors open at Eight o'clock ; to commence at Half-past Eight. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY LANE. THIS EVENING Will be performed ROBERT THE DEVIL. Robert, Mr. W. llar rison ; Bertram. Mr. Stretton ; Raimbaut, Mr. D. W. King ; Isabella, Miss Rainforth ; Alice, Miss Romer. ARer which will be repeated, a New Comic Ballet, entitled ROBE& ANT) BERTRAND. Dances in the course of the Ballet : Pas de Deux, by Mdlles. Adele and Louise. Pas de Deux, by Mdlle. O'Bryan and Mr. A. Webster. Grand Pas de Caractere, by Mdlle. Polin and M. Gasperini. A New Polka, by Mdlle. Polin and M. Gasperini. — Bolero, by Mesdames Louise and Adele. La Esnauralda, by Mdlle. Polln, and A MAZURKA, by the Principal Ballet Performers. The Eminent Tenter, M. DUPREZ is engaged here for Twelve Nights only, and will shortly male his appearance in his cele brated character of ARNOLD, in GUILLAUME TELL ; and is also prepa;ing himself for his unrivalled personation of EDGAR, In Dor:42etti's popular Opera, TIIE BRIDE OF LAMMERMOOR, for the Performance of which, an Engagement has also been ex pressly entered into with Mdlle. EUGENIE GARCIA. The Box-office is open daily, from Ten in the Morning until Six in the Evening, where Private and Family Boxes, Stalls, Places, and !Tickets may be had on application to Mr. John Parsons. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. LESSEE, MR. B. WEBSTER. THIS EVENING Will be repeated a New and Original Comedy, entitled THE ICIFERIFF OF THE COUNTY. Principal Characters by Messrs. Farren, Strickland, Buckstone, Webster, Mrs. Glover, Mrs. W. Clifford, Mrs. llumby, Miss Julia Bennett, &c. After which, a New Grand Classical Extravaganza, entitled THE GOLDEN FLEECE. Principal Characters by Messrs. C. Mathews, J. Bland, Madame Vestris, and Miss P. Horton. To conclude with THE MILLINER'S HOLIDAY. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MADAME CELESTE. THIS EVENING Will be repeated a New and Original Drama, entitled THE GREEN BUSHES ; or, A Hundred Years Ago. Connor O'Kennedy, Mr. Selby ; George, Mr. Hudson : Wild Murtogh, Mr. 0. Smith ; Master Grinnldge, Mr. Wright; Jack Gong, Mr. Paul Bedford; Geraldine, Mrs. Yates ; Nelly O'Neill, Mrs. Fitzwilliam ; Miami, Madame Celeste. After which, will be repeated a New Grand Epereal Exposition, called ST. GEORGE AND TETE DRAGON. Principal Characters by Messrs, tlaul Bedford, Wright, John Saunders, Selby; Miss Woolgar, Mig Brooks, and Miss E. Chaplin. To conclude with MOTHER AND CHILD ARE DOING WELL Mr. Snugsby, Mr. Lambert ; Lieutenant O'Scuppsr, R.N., Mr. Paul Belford ; Mr. Felix Fluffy, Mr. Wright ; Emily, Miss Fortescue. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. LESSEE, MR. J. M. MADDOX. THIS EVENING, Will be performed the Play of THE STRANGER. The Stranger, Mr.. Graham ; Baron, Mr. Archer ; Count Wintersten, Mr. Courtney ; Mrs. Haller, Miss Cushman. After which, Mr. SANDS and his INFANT BROTHER, MAURICE, will appear in their Pleasiw , and Wonderful Entertainment, DE SALON, FREAKS OF FANCY. To conclude with a New Grand Oriental Melo-dramatic Burlesque Extravaganza, in Two Acts, called TIMOIJR THE CREAM OF ALL THE TARTARS. Timour, Mr. Oxberry ; Zorilda, Miss E. Stanley. Stage Manager, Mr. H. I. Wallack ; Stage Director, Mr. Emden ; Machinist, Mr. Edmund Bradwell. Superbly decorated, and with extensive alterations! forming one of the most Elegant and Comfortable Theatres in the Metropolis THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF MRS. KEELEY. THIS EVENING Will he performed MARTIN CHUZZLEWI T. Old Martin Chnariewit, Mr. R. Youngc ; Mr. Pecsniff, Mr. Frank Matthews ; Mrs. Sairey Gamp, Mr. Keeley ; Bailey, Mrs. Keeley. After which, a Now Farce, entitled LOWTHER ARCADE. Characters by Messrs. Keeley, Meadows, F. Matthews ; Miss Dawson, and Miss Grove. To conclude with a Burlesque of English History, Pourtraying Olden Ideas and Modern Notions—lnvested with all the Pomp and Display of Scene—Painters engaged expressly—Costumes according to Fancy—Medhanism, Ballet, Music, and Novel Stage Arrange ments—to be called, WHITTINGTON AND HIS CAT ! Dick Whlktington, Mrs. Keeley; Muley Moloch, the Lien Tamer of the Dessert, Mr. Keeley ; the Cat, Mr. Collier, supported by Messrs. Emery, F. Matthews, and Wigan ; Miss Fairbrother, and Miss Grove. The Box-office is open daily, under the direction of Mr. Grogan. ROYAL OLYMPIC TIIEATRE. •: (Under the Direction of Miss Davenport.) TIIIS Will - he repeated TIIE GAME EVENING COCK OF THE WILDERNESS. lon:el Mereville, Mr. H. Mellon; Roderick, Mr. Binge ; Samson, 11r. Marble; Mabel, Mrs. Griffith. After which, THE SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDOM. To conclude with TIIE PLAGUE OF PLYMOUTH. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. PROPRIETOR, MR. W. BATTY. THIS EVENING. The Performances will commence with a Grand Military Equestrian Drama, entitled THE MAID OF SARAGOSSA. Steles in the Circle, introducing M. and Mdme. Dames, the cele brated French Equestrians. To conclude with TIIE SLEEPING DRAUGHT. DAYIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY TIIEATRE. GREAT ATTRACTION FOR TIIE EASTER lIOLIDAYS. THIS EVENING 'Will be repeated a New Drama, called MARGARET CATCH- I'OLE, SUpported by Messrs. 11. Hughes, Ilicks, Fredericks, R. llonner, S. Cowell, Heslop, Lewis, Mrs. Daly:, Mrs. Lewis, and Mrs. It. Honner. After which, THE IRISH TUTOR, in which the Infant Power, Miss Heron, will appear. To conclude with THE MOOR MAIDEN, in which Messrs. Hicks, Neville, Fredericks, Lewis, Mrs. Hughes, Miss Martin, and Mrs. H. yining will perform. Places and Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Kerschner, at the Box &Ike, from Eleven to Four. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. THIS EVENING Will be repeated MARGARET CATCHPOLE, The Female Horse !dealer. Onega and Pechuana (Red Chieftains), Messrs. Cony and )31anchsxd ; Margaret Catchpole, Miss Vincent. after which, HERCULES, KING OF CLUBS. To conclude with THE ICAIGHTS Or THE CROSS. TILE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 27, 1845. me by all my predecessors, but is eminently befitting the occasion. " The constitution itself, plainly written as it is, the safe-guard of our federative compact, the offspring of concession and compromise, binding together in the bonds of peace and union this great and increasing family of free and independent States, will be the chart by which I shall be directed. "It will bo my first care to administer the GeyerE. ment in the true spirit of that instrument, and to assume no power not expressly granted or clearly implied in its terms. The government of the United States is one of delegated and limited powers ; and it is by a strict adherence to the clearly granted powers, and by abstain ing from the exercise of doubtful or unauthorised im plied powers, that we have the only sure guarantee against the recurrence of those unfortunate collisions be tween the Federal and State authorities, which have occasionally so much disturbed the harmony of our sys tem, and even threatened the perpetuity of our glorious Union. "To the States respectively, or to the people, have been reserved the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States.' Each State is a complete sovereignty within the sphere of its reserved powers. The government of the Union, acting within the sphere of its delegated autho rity, is also a complete sovereignty. While the general Government should abstain from the exercise of autho rity not clearly delegated to it, the States should be equally careful that, in the maintenance of their rights, they do not overstep the limits of powers reserved to them. One of the most distinguished of my predecessors attached deserved importance to the support of the State governments in all their rights, as the most com petent administration for our domestic concerns, and the surest bulwark against anti-republican tendencies ;' and to the preservation of the general Government in its whole constitutional vigour. as the sheet-anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad.' "To the Government of the United States has been in trusted the exclusive management of our foreign affairs. Beyond that, it wields a few general enumerated powers. It does tot force reform on the States. It leaves indi viduals, over whom it casts its protecting influence, en tirely free to improve their own condition by the legiti mate exercise of all their mental and physical powers. It is a common protector of each and all the States, of every man who lives upon our soil, whether of native or foreign birth ; of every religious sect, in their worship of the Almighty according to the dictates of their own con science ; of every shade of opinion, and the most free in quiry •, of every art, trade, and occupation, consistent with the laws of the States. And we rejoice in the gene ral happiness, prosperity, and advancement of our coun try, which have been the offspring of freedom, and not of power. " This most admirable and wisest system of well regulated self-government among men, ever devised by human minds, has been tested by its successful opera tion for more than half a century, and, if preserved from the usurpations of the Federal Government on the one hand, and the exercise by the States of powers not reserved to them on the other, will, I fervently hope and believe, endure for ages to come, and dispense the bles sings of civil and religious liberty to distant generations. To effect objects so dear to every patriot, I shall devote myself with anxious solicitude. It will be my desire to hward against that most fruitful source of danger to the armonious action of our system, which consists in substituting the mere discretion and caprice of the executive, or of majorities in the legislative department of the Government, for powers which have been withheld from the Federal Government by the constitution. By the theory cf our Go vernment, majorities rule, but this right is not an arbi trary or unlimited one. It is a right to be exercised in subordination to the constitution and in conformity to it. One great object of the constitution was to restrain majorities from oppressing minorities, or encroaching upon their just rights. Minorities have a right to appeal to the constitution as a shield against such oppression. " That the blessings of liberty which our constitution secures may be enjoyed alike by minorities and majorities, the executive has been wisely invested with a qualified veto upon the acts of the Legislature. It is a negative power, and is conservative in its character. It arrests for the time hasty, inconsiderate, or unconstitutional legislation, invites reconsideration, and transfers ques tions at issue between the legislative and executive departments to the tribunal of the people. Like all other powers, it is subject to be abused. When judiciously and properly exercised, the constitution itself may be saved from infraction, and the rights of all preserved and protected. " The inestimable value of our federal Union is felt and acknowledged by all. By this system of united and confederated States, our people are permitted, collec tively and individually, to seek their own happiness in their own way ; and the consequences have been most auspicious.—Since the Union was formed, the number of the States has increased from thirteen to 1 wenty-eight ; two of these have taken their position as members of the confederacy within the last week. Our population has increased from three to twenty millions. New com munities and States are seeking protection under its aegis, and multitudes from the Old World are flocking to our shores to participate in its blessings. Beneath its benign sway, peace and prosperity prevail. Freed from the burdens and miseries of war, our trade and intercourse have extended throughout the world. Mind, no longer tasked in devising means to ac complish or resist schemes of ambition, usurpation, or conquest, is devoting itself to man's true interests, in de veloping his faculties and powers, and the capacity of nature to minister to his enjoyments. Genius is free to announce its inventions and discoveries ' • and the hand is free to accomplish whatever the head conceives, not incompatible with the rights of a fellow- being. All dis tinctions of birth or of rank have been abolished. All are entitled to equal rights and equal protection. No union exists between Church and State, and perfect free dom of opinion is guaranteed to all sects and creeds. " These are some of the blessings secured to our happy land by our Federal Union. To perpetuate them, it is our sacred duty to preserve it. Who shall assign limits to the achievements of free minds and free hands, under the protection of this glorious Union ? No treason to mankind, since the organisation of society, would be equal in atrocity to that of him who would lift his hand to destroy it. He would overthrow the noblest structure of human wisdom, which protects himself and his fellow-man. He would stop the progress of free Government, and involve his country either in anarchy or despotism. He would extinguish the fire of liberty which warms and animates the hearts of happy millions, and invites all the nations of the earth to imitate our example. If he say that error and wrong are com mitted in the administration of the Government, let him remember that nothing human can be perfect ; and that under no other system of Government revealed by heaven, or devised by man, has reason been allowed so free and broad a scope to combat error. Has the sword of despots proved to be a safer or surer instrument of reform in government than enlightened reason ? Does he expect to find ,among the ruins of this Union a happier abode for our swarming millions than they now have under it ? Every lover of his country must shudder at the thought of the possibility of its dis solution, and will be ready to adopt the patriotic senti ment, 'Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.' To preserve it, the compromises which alone enabled our fathers to form a common constitution for the govern ment and protection of so many States, and distinct com munities, of such diversified habits, interests, and do mestic institution, must be sacredly and religiously ob served. Any attempt to disturb or destroy these com promises, being terms of the compact of Union, can lead to none other than the most ruinous and disastrous consequences. "It a source of deep regret that, in some sections of our country, misguided persons have occasionally in dulged in schemes and agitations, whose object is the destruction of domestic institutions existing in other sections—institutions which existed at the adoption of the constitution, and were recognised and protected by it. All must see that if it were possible for them to be successful in attaining their object, the dissolution of the Union, and the consequent destruction of our happy form of Government must speedily follow. " I am happy to believe that at every period of o ur existence as a nation, there has existed, and continues to exist, among the great mass of our people, a devotion to the Union of the States, which will shield and protect it against the moral treason of any who would seriously contemplate its destruction. To secure a continuance of that devotion, the compromises of the constitution must not only be preserved, but sectional jealousies and heart-burnings must be discountenanced ; and all should remember that they are members of the same political family, having a common destiny. To increase the at tachment of our people to the Union, our laws should be just. Any policy which shall tend to favor monopo lies, or the peculiar interests of sections or classes, must operate to the prejudice of the interests of their fellow. citizens, and should be avoided. If the compromises of the Constitution be preserved—if sectional jealousies and heart-burnings be discountenanced—if our laws be just and the government be practically administered strictly within the limits of power prescribed to it—we may dis card all apprehensions for the safety of the Union. " With these views of the nature, character, and objects of the Government, and the value of the Union, I shall steadily oppose the creation of those institutions and sys tems which, in their nature, tend to pervert it from its legitimate purposes, and make it the instrument of sec tions, classes, and individuals. We need no national banks, or other extraneous institutions, planted around the Government to control or strengthen it in opposition to the will of its authors. Experience has taught us how unnecessary they are as auxiliaries of the public authori ties, how impotent for good, and how powerful for mischief. of union to them, yet we cannot but feel a deep interest / in seeing the States meet their public liabilties, and pay I off their just debts, at the earliest practical period. That they will do so, as soon as it can be done without im posing too heavy burdens on their citizens, there is no reason to doubt. The sound, moral and honourable feeling of the people of the indebted States, cannot be questioned ; and wo are happy to perceive a settled dis position on their part, as their ability returns after a sea- I son of unexampled pecuniary embarrassment, to pay off all just demands, and to acquiesce in any reasonable measures to accomplish that object. "One of the difficulties which we had to encounter in the practical administration of the Government, consists in the adjustment of our revenue laws, and the levy of the taxes necessary for the support of Government. In the general proposition that no more money shall be col lected than the necessities of an economical administra tion shall require, all parties seem to acquiesce. Nor does there seem to be any material difference of opinion as to the absence of right in the Government to tax one section of country, or one class of citizens, or one occu pation, for the mere profit of another. ' Justice and sound policy forbid the Federal Government to foster one branch of industry to the detriment of another, or to cherish the interest of one portion to the injury of another portion of our common country.' I have heretofore declared to my fellow citizens that, in my judgment, it is the duty of the Government to extend, as far as it may be prac ticable to do so, by its revenue laws, and all other means within its power, fair and just protection to all the great interests of the whole Union, embracing agriculture, manufactures, the mechanic arts, commerce, and naviga tion.' I have also declared my opinion to be in favour of a tariff for revenue,' and that, in adjusting the de tails of such a tariff, I have sanctioned such moderate discriminating duties as would produce the amount of revenue needed, and, at the same time, afford reasonable incidental protection to our home industry,' and that I was opposed to a tariff for protection merely, and not fir revenue.' " The power to lay and collect taxes, duties, im posts, and excises,' was an indispensable one to be con icrred on the Federal Government, which, without it, would possess no means of providing for its own sup port. In executing this power, by levying a tariff of duties for the support of Government, the raising of re venue should be the object, and protection the incident. To reverse this principle, and make protection the object, and revenue the incident, would be to inflict manifest injustice upon all other than the protected interests. In levying duties for revenue, it is deubticss proper to make such discriminations within the revenue principle, as will afford incidental protection to our home interests. Within the revenue limit, there is a discretion to discri minate ; beyond that limit, the rightful exercise of the power is not conceded. The incidental protection afforded to our home interests by discrimina tions within tho revenue range, it is believed will be ample. In making discriminations, all our home in terests should, as far as practicable, be equally protected. The largest portion of our people arc agriculturists. Others are employed in manufactures, commerce, navi gation, and the mechanical arts, engaged in their re spective pursuits, and their joint labours constitute the national or home industry. To tax one branch of this home industry for the benefit of another would bo un just. No ono of these interests can rightfully claim an advantage over the others, or be enriched by impoverish ing the others. All are equally entitled to the fostering care and protection of the Government. In exercising a sound discretion in levying discriminating duties within the limit prescribed, care should be taken that it be done in a manner not to benefit the wealthy few, at the expense of the toiling millions, by taxing lowest the luxuries of life, or articles of superior quality and high price, which can only be consumed by the wealthy ; and highest the necessaries of life, or articles of coarse quality and low price, which the poor and great mass of our people must consume. The burdens of government should, as far as practicable, be distributed justly and equally among all classes of our population. These general views, long entertained on this subject, I have deemed it proper to reiterate. It is a subject upon which conflicting interests of sections and occupations are sup posed to exist, and a spirit of mutual concession and compromise in adjusting its details should be cherished by every part of our wide-spread country, as the only means of preserving harmony and a cheerful acquies cence of all in the operation of our revenue laws. Our patriotic citizens in every part of the Union will readily submit to the payment of such taxes as shall be needed for the support of their Government, whether in peace or in war, if they are so levied as to distribute tho burdens as equally as possible among them. " The Republic of Texas has made known her desire to come into our Union, to form a part of our confede racy, and enjoy with us the blessings of liberty secured and guaranteed by our Constitution. Texas was once a part of our country—was unwisely ceded away to a foreign Power—is now independent, and possesses an undoubted right to dispose of a part or the whole of her territory, and to merge her sovereignty, as a separate and independent State, in ours. I congratulate my country that, by an Act of the late Congress of the United States, the assent of this Government has been given to the re-union ; and it only remains for the two countries to agree upon the terms, to consummate an object so important to both. " I regard the question of annexation as belonging ex clusively to the United States and Texas. They are in dependent Powers, competent to contract ; and foreign nations have no right to interfere with them, or to take exceptions to their re-union. Foreign Powers do not seem to appreciate the true character of our Govern ment. Our Union is a confederation of independent States, whose policy is peace with each other and all the world. To enlarge its limits, is to extend the dominion of peace over additional territories and increasing mil lions. The world has nothing to fear from military am bition in our Government. While the chief magistrate and the popular branch of Congress Are elected for short terms by the suffrages of those millions who must, in their own persons, bear all' the burdens and miseries of war, our Government cannot be otherwise than pacific. Foreign Powers should, therefore, look on the annexation of Texas to the United States, not as the conquest of a nation seeking to extend and ever-increasing a her dominions by arms and viol ence , b ut as the peaceful acquisition of a territery on ce h er own, by add ing another member to our confederati on , w i t h the con osent aorf, d ope tahnat me ning to m n mber—tl ih e o rebyd n inish ing te f w e markets for their products. " To Texas the re-union is important ; because the strong protecting arm of our Government would be ex tended over her, and the vast resources of her fertile soil and genial climate would be speedily developed ; while the safety of New Orleans and of our whole south western frontier, against hostile aggression, as well as the interests of the whole Uuion, would be promoted by it. "In the earlier stages of our national existence, the nd not operate some,suc cessfully that our system i d l ed with States could over an extended territory, and serious ' opinionc ofedperreavtae ob jections have, at different times, been made to the enlargement of our boundaries. These objections were earnestly urged when we acquired Louisiana. Experience has shown that they were not well founded. The title of numerous Indian tribes to I vast tracts of country has been extinguished. New States have been admitted into the Union ; new territories have been created, and jurisdiction and laws extended over them. As our population has expanded, the Union has been cemented and strengthened ' • as our boundaries have been enlarged, and our agricultural population has been spread over a large surface, our federative system has acquired additional strength and security. It may well be doubted whether it would not be in greater danger of overthrow, if our present population were con fined to the comparatively narrow limits of the original thirteen States, than it is now that they are sparsely settled over a more expanded territory. It is confidently believed that our system may be safely extended to the utmost bounds of our territorial limits ; and that, as it shall be extended, the bonds of our Union, so far from being weakened, will become stronger. " None can fail to see the danger to our safety and future peace, if Texas remains an. independent State, or becomes an ally or dependency of some foreign nation more powerful than herself. Is there one among our citizens who would not prefer perpetual peace with Texas, to occasional wars, which so often occur between bordering independent nations ? Is there one who would not prefer free intercourse with her, to high duties on all our products and manufactures which enter her ports or cross her frontiers? Is there one who would not prefer an unrestricted communication with her citi zens, to the frontier obstructions which must occur if stunt watchfulness. Equal and exact justice should • characterise all our intercourse with foreign countries. All alliances having a tendency to jeopard the welfare and honour of our country, or sacrifice any one of the national interests, will be studiously avoided, and yet no opportunity will be lost to cultivate a favourable un derstanding with foreign Governments, by which our navigation and commerce may be extended, and the ample products of our fertile soil, as well as the manu factures of our skilful artisans, find a ready market and remunerating prices in foreign countries. "In taking care that the laws be faithfully ex ecuted,' strict performance of duty will be exacted from all public officers. From those officers, especially, who are charged with the collection and disbursement of the public revenue, will prompt and rigid accountability be re quired. Any culpable failure or delay on their part to account for the moneys intrusted to them, at the times and in the manner required by law, will, in every in stance, terminate the official connexion of such default ing officer with the government. " Although, in our country, the chief magistrate must , almost of necessity be chosen by a party, and stand pledged to its principles and measures, yet, in his official action, he should not be the President of a part only, but of the whole people of the United States. While he ex ecutes the laws with an impartial hand, shrinks from no proper responsibility, and faithfully carries out in the Executive department of the Government the principles and policy of those who have chosen him, he should not be unmindful that cur fellow citizens who have differed with him in opinion are entitled to the full and free ex ercise of their opinions and judgments, and that the rights of all are entitled to respect and regard. " Confidently relying upon the aid and assistance of the co-ordinate departments of the Government in con ducting our public affairs, I enter upon the discharge of the high duties which have been assigned me by the people, again humbly supplicating that Divine Being who has watched over and protected our beloved country from its infancy to the present hour, to continue His gracious benedictions upon us, that we may continue to be a prosperous and happy people." The following extracts from the New York herald give the prevailing rumours as to the formation of the new Cabinet : _ WasniNoTos, Mlncn I.—Texas is triumphant, and Mr. Polk has already determined on at least two of his Cabinet. Mr. Calhoun retires to South Carolina to cultivate cotton and philosophy, having accomplished the work ho un dertook, that is,—finished the Texas question, and put the Oregon in a proper train of settlement. The two Cabinet Ministers thus far determined on are— James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of State. Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, Secretary of the Treasury. MAncri 3.—The new Cabinet was unofficially given out to-day, and a prodigious excitement has been pro duced in both the old cliques or factions. The friends of Mr. Van Buren and those of Mr. Calhoun are equally savage. The following is the list:— James Buchanan, Secretary of State. Robert J. Walker, Secretary of the Treasury. William L. Marcy, Secretary of \Var. George Bancroft, Secretary of the Navy. Cave Johnson, Postmaster-General. Mr. Saunders, Attorney-General. These names are admitted generally to be the Pro gramme, and the discontent among the cliques is very great. Benton, Allen, Tappan, and all those of that ilk denounce it, particularly the nomination of Marcy, ho being a Conservative of 1840, and everything but a friend of Van Buren and Silas Wright in New York. On the other hand the Southern Calhoun men denounce it as an ultra high tariff, and hostile to Mr. Calhoun. The Conservatives of New York and all the Tyler office holders there and elsewhere aro delighted. It is now said that few removals will take place, and that neither the old Van Buren nor Calhoun men can have any influ ence or power. The most amusing state of things is produced, and many laughable demonstrations aro already taking place. I predict a hot and bitter war upon Mr. Polk's Adminis tration from large sections of his own party. The Whigs are quietly looking on and preparing for Is4B, with their two rival candidates, John M`Lean and General Scott. Mr. Polk has treated Mr. Calhoun and Mr. Van Buren in the like cavalier way. He did not ask Mr. Calhoun to stay a day in the Cabinet, and Mr. Van Buren's re quest to put in Flagg or Cambreleng has been put aside without notice. In fact, Mr. Polk means to be Mr. Polk. The inaugural address is now printing at the Globe office. _ MARCH 4.—The following is the latest information re specting the formation of the Cabinet: — Secretary of State, Senator Buchanan, of Pennsylvania. Secretary of Treasury, Senator Walker, of Mississippi. Secretary of Navy, George Bancroft, of Massachusetts. Secretary of War, Governor Marcy, of New York. Postmaster-General, Cave Johnson, of Tennessee. Attorney-General, Mr. Mason, late Secretary of the Navy, who is said to have had this offered to him, and to have refused it ; and it is now said that J. W. Jones, late Speaker of the House of Representatives, will be the incumbent, but it is also said that this post remains un filled, and that it is the only one that is so. President Tyler last night nominated Judge Wilkins, the Secretary of War, Associate Judge of the Supreme Court for Pennsylvania. The Senate refused to go into executive session, and left all the appointments for tho action of President Polk and the new Senate. President Tyler has also saved Mr. Polk all trouble in making any election as to the mode of admission of Texas into the Union, for on Saturday one of his nephews, Mr. Waggaman, was dispatched by ex press as special messenger, bearing the llousclresolutions to the Government of Texas, and therefore, as it is fully expected, Texas will gimmediately accede to the terms of those resolutions, President Polk has no trouble in the matter. NEW YORK MONEY MARKET, MARCEL 5. $5OO New York City Sevens 's3 113 8,000 Ohio Sixes 'so 98 5,000 Kentucky Sixes lOl 5,000 Illinois Sixes '7o 40 5,000 Pennsylvania Fives 74 80 Shares National Bank 9B, 50 Vicksburg Bank 50 Morris Canal 25 Canton Co. 50 Farmers' Tr 100 E Boston Co. 70 Erie RR 10 Aub and Roth lO6 50 L Island RR BO, 25 Mohawk RR 65 50 Stonington RR 43 700 Nor and Wore 73 200 Reading RR...... 33 541 40- " Ours was intended to be a plain and frugal Govern meat and I shall regard it to be my duty to recommend to Congress, and, as far as the Executive is concerned, to enforce by all the means within my power, the strictest economy in the expenditure of the public money, which may be compatible with the public interests. " A national debt has become almost an institution of European monarchies. It is viewed, ie some of them, as an essential prop to existing Governments. Melan choly is the condition of that people whose Government can be sustained only by a system which periodically transfers large amounts from the labour of the many to the coffers of the few. Such a system is incompatible with the end for which our Repub' lean Government was instituted. Under a wise policy, the debts contracted in our revolution, and during the war of 1812, have been happily extinguished. By a judicious application of the revenues not required for other necessary purposes, it is not doubted that the debt, which has grown out of the circumstances of the last few years, may bo speedily paid off. " I congratulate my fellow-citizens on the entir e restoration of the credit of the general Government of the Union, and that of many of the States. Happy would it be for indebted States, if they were freed from their liabilities, many of which were incautiously contracted. Although the Government of the Union is neither in a legal nor a moral sense bound for the debt of the States, and it would be a Violation of our compact she remains out of tho Union ? Whatever is good or evil in the local institutions of Texas, will re main her own, whether annexed to the United States or not. None of the present States will be responsible for them, any more than they are for the local institutions of each other. They have confederated together for certain specified objects. Upon the same principle that they would refuse to form a perpetual union with Texas, because of her local institutions, our forefathers would have been prevented from forming our present Union. Perceiving no valid objection to the measure, and many reasons for its adoption, vitally affecting the peace, the safety, and the prosperity of both countries, I sh a ll, on the broad principle which formed the basis and produced tho adoption of our con stitution, and not in any narrow spirit of sectional policy, endeavour, by all constitutional, honourable, and appropriate means, to consummate the expressed will of the people and government of the United States, by the re-annexaticn of Texas to our Union at the earliest practicable period. " Nor will it become in a less degree my duty to assert and maintain, by all constitutional means, lihe right of the United States to that portion of our territory which lies beyond the Rocky Mountains. Our title to the country of the Oregon is ' clear and unquestionable;' and already are our people preparing to perfect that title by occupying it with their wives and children. But eighty years ago our population was confined cn the west by the ridge of the Alleghanies. Within that period —within the life-time, I might say, of some of my hearers —our people, increasing to many millions, have filled the eastern valley of the Mississippi ; adventurously as:ended the Mi ssour i to it s head springs ; and are already engaged in establishing the blessings of self-government in valleys, of which the rivers flow to the Pacific. The world beholds the peaceful triumphs of the industry of our emigrants. To us belongs the duty of protecting them adequately, wherever they may be upon our soil. The jurisdiction of our laws, and the benefits of our Republican institutions, should be extended over them in the distant regions which they have selected for their homes. The in creasing facilities of intercourse will easily bring the States, of which the formation in that part of our ter ritory cannot be long delayed, within the sphere of our Federative Union. In the meantime, every obligation imposed by treaty or conventional stipulations should be sacredly respected. " In the management of our foreign relations, it will be my aim to observe a careful respect for the rights of other nations, while our Own will be the subject of con. The Message of President PoLyt on entering on his office as Chief Magistrate of the United States con tains no information, and exhibits no feature, which might not have been anticipated from the character of the parties by whom he was elected, and the well known aggressive spirit of the great body of the people. His language, consequently, is adapted to their pretensions, and the principles which regulate their conduct. These principles are to go-ahead, right or wrong, to extend their territory by foul means or fair, to claim Texas on the ground that it is an inde pendent state, though taken by violence from Mexico, that it originally formed part of the Confederacy, and had been unwisely ceded away to a foreign power. " Other powers, therefore," says the pacific President, " should look on the event not as the conquest of a nation, seeking to extend her dominions by arms and violence, but as the peaceful acquisition of a territory once her own, by adding another member to the confederation, with the consent of that member, thereby diininishin,s , the chances of war, and opening to them new and ever-increasing markets for their products." The Oregon question is settled with the same self-com placency in these words :—" Our title to the country of the Oregon is clear and unquestionable." So, when the time comes, will be their title to Canada, and all the British possessions in North America. These form a portion of that continent which the new republic claims as its own, and from which they anti. cipate to be able, at no very distant day, to eject all British authorities, as unprincipled intruders from the old world. In fact, the Canadian territory is necessary to round off the northern line, to create a balance to the increase of power in the south ; and, above all, to infuse the pure spirit of liberty, and establish American institutions amongt heir brethren on the other side of the Ame rican lakes. These are their arguments—they make no secret of the fact, and we are ready to admit that they have just as much right to Quebec and Montreal as they have to Santa Fe, and Galveston, and the River Columbia. But questions of such vast im portance, Mr. POLK knows well, are not to be settled by a few peaceable words, by unautho rised claims, or even by occupying the territory in order to perfect the title. Much more is required, and to such term' neither Lord ABERDEEN, however gentle his nature, nor Sir R. PEEL, with all his Irish difficulties, will agree. England has a vast interest in her West India colonies and her settlements on the continent. A balance of power is as necessary in the new world as in the old, and the people of the United Kingdom will not remain satisfied or quiet while inroads are made upon their trade and com merce, and the very existence of their posessions and the independence of their countrymen are threatened by lawless invaders. It affords us pleasure to find the Times entering its powerful protest against one of those "Inclosure Bills" which of late years have so often challenged our indignant reprobation. The Bill, now pending before the House of Commons, for the inclosuro of certain lands and common fields in the parish of St. Mary, Nottingham, is the latest and one of the most disgusting editions of that grasping spirit of selfish aggrandisement which renders the large landowner or the capitalist in so many cases the nuisance, the bane, the curse of the district around him, instead of its benefactor and respected patron. Where waste and common are to be inclosed, the owner of the free• hold of a few hundreds, nay of a few scores, of landed estate in their vicinity, knows that in the allot ments to be made under the Act of Parliament neces sary for such purpose, he will have the option of re claiming and entering upon possession of an extent of the waste, in proportion to the extent of his own previous holding. It is greatly to be feared that this circumstance operates as a powerful incentive to these parties —or, if not to them, to their hungry solicitors —to first discover the expediency of inclosing large tracts which have been for ages, perhaps from time immemorial, free and common to the poor of the same locality, supplying them also with free pasturage for their little stock, and thus enabling them to eke out the scanty subsistence afforded them by their wages as labourers or artisans, &c. The extent and enor mity of the injustice they commit on the poor man, by ousting him of the free range and pure air, the healthful exercise, and peaceful rambles, to which, like his fathers before him, he has been accustomed to resort in his snatches of leisure, or on his Sabbath holidays, never seems to suggest itself to their minds. The sort of equitable vested right, if such a right there be in any human being, that the families of the poor labourer—their toiling wives and the ruddy children, who look freely out from the humble cottage door, with a cheery confidence that has not yet come into collision with the harsh and sneering discourage ment of the world beyond their native heath—the equitable vested right that these families have to retain the privilege of living on, amidst the same scenery and associations in which their childhood or their youth has been passed, is a right which never crosses the memory, or disturbs the calculations of the parties to an Inclosure Bill. The whole powers of their ingenuity are taxed to devise the pretexts which shall be most feasible, and may promise best, for suc cessful effect, with Parliament, in the business of " soliciting" their Bill. These pretexts are usually of the most canting, hypocritical, and yet flimsy description. The parties to the Bill affect (and this is the only ludicrous part of the transaction) to be moved in the affair by consideration for the interests of the poor, forsooth ! They gravely introduce pro visions for exchange of lands to be held in trust for the poor, whose common rights and rights of waste they are ousting ; or, when no lands can be had, proper for this " make-believe" exchange, they create a fund, by reserved rents or otherwise, in which experience shows that so soon as the Bill has come into operation, any but the parties rightfully entitled are sure to participate; and even they obtain a nig gardly fractional stipend of far inferior value to the common rights or of pasture which the poor have been defrauded of by the Act, and which do not and cannot make any compensation for the moral and physical benefits arising from those healthful recreations both for mind and body, the very "ground" for which has been literally " removed from under them" by the operation of the great landowner's and the rich resident's " Inclosure Bill." The iniquitous cheat, as well as cruelty, of this scandalous jobbing in statutsble spoliation does not stop here. It is a system of fraud and rapacity not one bit more ele vated in principle than the business of " thimble rigging," or any other such unblushing conspiracy, to obtain property by deceiving its owners. In cases where the measure of some disinterested legislator proposes to "secure" to the poor certain other waste, common, or other lands in exchange, you may be perfectly sure, beforehand, that the new lands are al together objectionable in point of situation, and altogether inferior in point of value. But there is still another screw which may be turned as a further power to ensure, after the eviction of the poor has been accomplished from one locality, their inability to avail themselves of the establishment which the same Inclosure Act may profess to provide for them in another. The substituted lands and rights can only be entered upon and enjoyed in full legal right, perhaps, on payment of a certain quit-rent or fine, or other payment, apparently of a very light nature, calculated on the single acre, but amounting, in the aggregate of any quantity equivalent to the inclosed waste, to a considerable sum. Thus we learn, from the Times, that a former Inclosure Bill had already taken from the townspeople of Nottingham large sections of common lands, some years ago, for building purposes. The applotments remain to this day unbuilt upon ; and the poor may enter on the substituted lands and their appurtenant rights on payment of a sum amounting to 1,4001. Did those who concocted that Bill and proposed these terms ever believe, or really expect that the poor could pay this amount ? How is it to be done ? By public meeting ? What would be thought of a meeting of poor owners of common rights, convened for the collection of 1,4001. to secure those rights ? Why, there would be half•a-dozen Assistant Poor-law Commissioners dispatched from Somerset House to watch so porten tious a phenomenon; and the town union would with draw all out-door relief from that moment to a com munity of poor so unaccountably rich in reversionary rights. The plea of taking away common lands for building purposes betrays, after all, the true sordid object of the promoters of such measures. They may honestly believe that the multiplication of tene ments of a certain class may induce an influx of labour and of manufacturing capital into the town ; but they must balance the chance of increased poor rates by the certainty of such an increased house rental as shall very far indeed outweigh any addi tional burden on the rates. The latter can only be distributed in minute apportionments over the whole rate-paying community. The former will find its way into a few landlords' pockets, whether town, cor poration, or individuals. But this sort of :spoliation will presently cease. We fearlessly predict that it will work its own cure. The people will not, and we hope they will not, much longer endure it. They have a right, the sacred title of exemplary forbearance and good conduct under accumulated privations and suffering, in addition to their title by common :law, prescription, or usage, to every acre of common or waste that yet remains in that condition, and under that tenure, in the im mediate vicinity of large towns. It is a miserable, peddling, fatuity on the part of a Legislature to goad them into dissatisfaction, disgust, and resentment, by this sort of continuous, unrelaxing aggression and encroachment on the rights inherited by them from their forefathers. Our Contemporary indulged in a happy allusion to the shelter that Nottingham Forest (within the bounds of which some of the common lands to be inclosed under the Bill in question are situate), afforded, in the olden time, to ROBIN HOOD and his Saxon outlaws. It is not possible that, in these days of centralization and organised government such communities can ever again sustain themselves ; but, for our parts, rather than see the healthful wastes and sylvan glades which:the poor of England can yet roam over, or wend through unchallenged in their peaceful rambles, thus filched from them ; we should not be sorry to see such stout and effective, albeit irregular rural reformers as the bold Forester and his Sherwood company, re-established to the wholesome discouragement of oppression. Madrid journals of the 19th inst. have been re ceived, but they bring no news. The QUEEN, it was said, would visit Barcelona in May, passing through Valencia or Saragossa. It is not improbable that the journey is not without a French object, as it is known that M. LESSEPS has been suddenly recalled from Alexandria, and re-appointed to his former situa tion at Barcelona. The accounts from the Basque Provinces are favourable. General Colima, the Governor, had left Vittoria for Madrid. The Bourse was closed. The French Chamber of Deputies was engaged on Monday, as stated yesterday, in discussing the Cus toms Bill, which is founded on the tariff settled by royal ordonnance during the recess. This tariff, which applies chiefly to Belgium and Sardinia, re quires the sanction of the Chamber, and the Bill, therefore, was introduced for that purpose. The Chamber resumed the discussion on Tuesday, and was still occupied with the subject at the hour of post. The debate was commenced by M. DE Ru miLLy, who drew a gloomy picture of the present position of commerce in France. Each day, he said, the amount of exports was diminishing, and that of imports on the increase. During the five years which elapsed from 1838 to 1843, the average of their imports was 745 millions, or 202 millions greater than the exports. The merchant-shipping of the kingdom was each year falling of, in consequencq of the treaties of 1822 and 1826, which had the effect of taking from French vessels all freights, and 13, Great Marlborough-street. MIIIA. THIERS ' HISTORY OF THE . CONSULATE AND EMPIRE, A SEQUEL TO THE FRENcII REVOLUTION. Translated by D. FORBES CAMP BELL, Esq., with the sanction and approval of the Auth'r. Volumes I. and 11., in Bvo., price only ss. each, and also the FIRST TWO of the SHILLING NUMBERS (to be continued weekly) ARE NOW READY, and may be had of all Booksellers and Newsvendcrs in Town and Country. henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. IMPORTANT NEW WORK ON SPAIN. Now ready in 2 volt , price 2ls. bound, REVELATIONS OF SPAIN In 1845. EY AN ENGLISH RESIDENT. " A very clever book—the result of considerable experience of the things described. Apart from politics, the Author writes delightfully. Where manners and customs come in question, or the external aspects of life and scenery, nothing can he better— nothing more ani mated, more fascinating, than the Revelations. The book is fall of life and colour."—Examiner. Henry Colburn, publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. SPANISH PASSIVE BONDHOLDERS!! CAUTION. Do not be tempted by the trifling rise in this Stock to sell. Your Stock is now scarce, and remember M. Mon, the Spanish Minister of Finance, has pledged himself to propose to the Cortes a settlement of the whole Foreign Debt of Spain. Is the Active Stock, then, only to he converted, and our Interests be neglected ? Believe it not. Yon!' 1001. Bond is now worth but 71. If yen will but be firm, another month will make them worth 171. WHISPER. THIRD EDITION OF “ THE SUN." have received many complaints from Subscribers who are frequently disappointed in not receiving the Third Edition. The fault rests en tirely with the News-agent who serves them, and who thereby not only injures the paper, but does injustice to his customer. This injustice is still further aggravated by an extra charge of a halfpenny (the Post office fee) being made for NOT supplying the latest or Third Edition. This Edition contains the Latest News: Parliamentary Debates up to a Quarter to Seven—The " Gacettes" on Tuesday and Friday, together with the " Prices Current" of all the Markets, as well as Qfficia Prices of Shares in Railways, ite. &c.—The Belting at Tatter:lairs on Monday and Thursday—The latest (closing) Prices of the Funds — The Proceedings in Railway Committees up to the close—and all other news arriving in London apor three o'elook in the afternoon, when the Second or Evening Edition goes to press. In distant parts of the country, the Third Edition contains news TWELVE HOURS IN ADVANCE, a matter of importance to those who want early intelligence. In those places where the evening mail arrives in the middle of the night, the " MORNING SUN," containing ALL the Debates, &c. itc, will answer best, and Subscribers can suit themselves accordingly. Respectable Agents will always supply the proper paper; but where any wilful neglect is experienced, we recommend parties to write to " The Sun" office, 112, Strand, where prompt attention will be paid to their representations. THE WEATHER.- Stm OFFICE, MARCH 27. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 42 ; Highest, 52; Noon, 56. BAROMETER, 29.9.—W1ND, W. NOTIC.—T h e figures which follow the words "Lowest" and " Highest" denote the lowest and highest state of the Thermometer during the preceding twenty-four bows. All the other observations are made at noon. lIIGII WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY. ➢forning .. 59 minutes after 3 1 Evening • • 19 minutes after 4. • ^ .1 9 V:i - r ' °.'" Po., b,„,, T ^pm SECOND EDITION: Oltentaki, ItlA'. LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH 27, 1845. IMPORTANT FROM AMERICA-, THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, ONE O'CLOCK. The packet ship George Washington, Captain Bennet, has just arrived at our port from New York, whence she sailed on the 6th inst. The papers which she brings are five days later than those received last night by the Indiana, and the most prominent item in the news which they contain is the new President's Message—a lengthy, and, as the American journals state, a " tastefully written and patriotic document." Mr. Polk expresses himself decidedly in favour of the annexation of Texas, and the occupation of the Ore gon territory ; but it is thought that he will not, in pursuing these objects, use any violent or imprudent measures. He is in favour of a tariff framed gene rally with regard merely to revenue, though he thinks that incidental protection may be afforded to all interests. The Message is decidedly unfavourable to a Na tional Bank. The Bill for the annexation of Texas as it passed the Senate on the 27th ult., was recog nised by the House of Representatives, and received the President's signature on the following day. An express started immediately for the Mexican Govern ment, and it was expected that Signor Altamonte, would offer a protest, and take his departure. A war with Mexico was quite expected. The Senate passed a Bill on the 3d instant, allow ing a drawback on goods re-exported to the Canadas from the United States. This measure had given, much satisfacti9n. On the Ist instant, the Senate confirmed the vote of the House, for the admission into the Union of lowa and Florida, as States, each to return two Members. Slavery is not to be allowed in lowa, but Florida remains in that respect as heretofore. The report that the United States Government had laid before Congress, in secret session, papers found on the person of Santa Anna, showing that he had been negotiating with Great Britain for the cession of California, was fully believed. The reported intended resignation of Sir Charles Metcalfe is flatly contradicted by the Montreal Gazette. (From the New York Herald of March 5.) THE IN AUGURAL ADDRESS. Yesterday, at noon, James K. Polk, the newly elected • President of the United States, was inaugurated, and took the oath of office in the presence of congregated thousands. All the party leaders—all the officers of State—all the representatives of the people—multitudes of the fairest women in the land—and crowds upon crowds of the citizens of the United States, were there, and the whole scene presented one of the most imposing displays of Republican pomp, splendour, enthusiasm, and triumph, ever witnessed in the capital. The day opened with the noise of cannon, the ringing of bells, the display of the American flag from the Capitol, the Navy Yard, the public edifices, hotels, and many of the private dwellings of the citizens of Wash . ington. About eight o'clock, early as was the hour, the entire avenue from the President's house to the Capitol, was thronged with men, women, and children, from all sections of the country. It was rumoured in the morning that General Jackson had arrived, and such a bursting forth of shouts from point to point, as this report caught and spread among the multitude, the ears of mortal man hare seldom heard. It is scarcely necessary, however, to say, that " Old Hickory" was present only in spirit. Our correspondence from the capital is of the greatest possible interest and importance. The intelligence re lative to the formation of the new Cabinet will produce great excitement in this region. Washington is in a state of unprecedented ferment. Discontent—doubt— astonishment—indignation —hope—fear—rejoicing—all the varied and strong passions of the political arena appear to be let loose in Washington, and no one knows what the next hour may bring forth. THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS. "Fellow Citizens :—Without solicitation on my part, I have been chosen by the free and voluntary suffrages of my countrymen to the most honourable and most re sponsible office on earth. I am deeply impressed with gratitude for the confidence reposed in me. Honoured with this distinguished consideration at an earlier period of life than any of my predecessors, I cannot disgui se the diffidence with which I am about to enter on the dis charge of my official duties. If the more aged and experienced men who have filled the office of President of the United States, even in the infancy of the Republic, distrusted their ability to discharge the duties of that exalted station, what ought not to be the apprehensions of one so much youager and less endowed, now that our domain extends from ocean to ocean, that our people have so greatly increased in numbers, and at a time when so great a diversity of opinion prevails in regard to the principles and policy which should characterise the administration of our Go vernment? Well may the boldest fear and the wisest tremble, when incurring reponsibilities on which may depend our country's peace and prosperity, and, in some degree, the hopes and happiness of the whole human family. "In assuming responsibilities so vast, I fervently in voke the aid of that Almighty Ruler of the Universe, in whose hands are the destinies of nations and of men, to guard this heaven-favored land against the mischiefs which, without His guidance, might arise from an unwire public policy. With a firm reliance upon the wisdom of Omnipotence to sustain and direct me in the path of duty which I am appointed to pursue, I stand in the pre sence of this assembled multitude of my countrymen, to take upon myself the solemn obligation, 'to the best of my ability, to preserve, protect, and defend the constitu tion of the United States.' " A concise enumeration of the principles which will guide me in the administrative policy of the Govern ment, is not only in accordance with the examples set giving them to England and America. lie observe° that, as the treaty existing with the United State was merely provisional, a negotiation might be Or tered into with that country, which might effect verf favourable changes for the commerce of France ; and then blamed the treaty of 1826 with England, vibl es l he said, in place of being founded on principle s . ° tlee , reciprocity, was marked by very serious inequoli lle complained that the Belgian treaty had ben t ': force for three years without legislative sanction , '° which the Government deserved severe blame, even ,/ the measure were a good one ; but in point cf h l' t that treaty had been mischievous, for it appeared w ,,, 6 in 1843, since the passing of the treaty the irnP ° l from Belgium were 103 millions, while the esPer', l, from France to Belgium were only fifty-two 01 . 1 lions, besides which, Germany had raised the chlt le , on several articles of French origin on accon . l3 h " of the favours granted to Belgium. The treaty ! It Sardinia he also blamed, as impolitic. It was Wu, rious to the agriculture and,: navigation of VW °. The Minister of Commerce, M. CuNIN GaIDAII4' drew a different picture of the commerce and mane, factures of France. Within the last year her coo merce with Chili had risen from 11,000,00°f' to 14,000,000 f.; with Mexico, from 13,000,0 0f ' „ a . 19,000,000 f.; with Brazil, from 32,000,000 f. ; 41,000,000 f.; with Uruguay, and La Plata, fr.,. 12,000,000 f. to 30,000,000 f. ; with Peru and .1 3 ° 11 1 from 3,000,000 f. to 7,000,000 f. ; with New Gre,, ll.w o r from a few hundred thousand francs to uproar 4,000,000 f.; and in all these cases the produce , been exported in French vessels. In heavy c ° , /11 , 4 mercial shipping, undoubtedly, France was Flo , many other countries ; for she had not, like Vg of land or the United States, or the nations 13" th to Europe, weighty goods which it was necessary import , import in gross volume. No, France exported int? neral only manufactured goods of great value, w ilic o t took up but small space. Bence they could employ any great amount of commercial tonnegto' and hence French trading vessels were inferi or , 0 , 0 those of the countries just mentioned. It must be remembered that secondary states had, of 11 „, t 8 years, increased their trading shipping, and ha d e "„f croached on the business formerly in possession " the greater nations. Thus, within the last ten 9 e . 11 7, the relative power of the American flag had Oa nished from 82 to 69 per cent., and foreign vessels, seized on the transports of the Union in the P r lo r tion of from eighteen to thirty-one. lie further stated that both imports and exports had incre and if the latter were inferior to the former, the ciSi must be looked for in the nature of the counne rc business which France carried on. The tari ffs nt France had been gradually lessened, and at P reel c h they amounted to about 16 per cent., which vrae l l si l lower than that of England ; and whilst France o . diminished her customs duties, almost all other e ° o3 4 mercial states, except England, had raised the had even placed on additional duties to protec t ; e l, flag. Such was the case with Portugal, Russia'Rea gium, the Zollverein, Brazil, and even the W l ' if States. The Minister then referred to the t ,, res le concluded between France and the United Sts ea 1822, and maintained that as the exchanges b et c o ld the two countries had increased tenfold, it li- o ta be most impolitic to alter the present :o of things. The discussion on l' il , g e h ich related chiefly to the late tariff with Belgitiels o r seemed to give general dissatisfaction, and M. noupors, an Opposition Member, moved as an e tt ) o f ment, that the treaty at its expiration (the ( L o ot fifteen months) should not be renewed. 14 • r,. -- t i o g said, France had a strong interest in 01 10 10 Belgium; but admitted, at the same time, ths, : 4e at was not, according to the present tariff, sub reciprocity for France; and he, therefore, she°,.l oppose the amendment, which was adopted byi e d majority. The Paris journals are chiefly eccw with these commercial discussions. tl t e r The Constitutionnel contains the following - e from a correspondent, dated Oran, March 10 *. er o " The steamer Grondeur is just returned from Tent or . where she was sent with dispatches, bringing the f2„00 ing news :—At her departure from Tangiers, it was t ale. there that Abd-el-Kader had assumed a hostile OP' o il towards the Emperor Abderrhaman, and called ur ble true Mussulmans to join his standar d. ' A consi aer i . i ii body of troops, under the command of the EID A P e v see, had been sent to oppose him ; but little gogu n , el expected from the expedition, as numerous porta fr tpfs the population have already declared in his WO Several circles or districts were in open rebellion. 00 4 state of things is the more serious, as the party OP 00 1 to the dynasty of Abderrhaman is very powerful , ow has only wanted a chief of ability to direct it. 00r All litary leaders are taking measures of precaution. 01 the disposable troops are kept in readiness to Iner° l3, ,o. a part of the subdivision of cavalry posted at M °l _.3 nem has been called forward. We are astonish!: of the silence of the Government on the first opered °P ;ihs Major-General Delarue, who is on the frontier• bit trumpeter Escoffier, who has arrived with one °/. the companions in misfortune, gives a lively account o ci t he privations and hardships which ho e ndured,,e ll is telf danger he ran during his captivity. Having °'"Y bie to quitted the Smahla of Abd-el-Kader, be has been $ furnish the Government with valuable informed° the position of the Emir." THE BOURSE-TUESDAY, MARCU 25. Let First Highest 11 1 1 0 . Price. Price. Pr ice : '— French Five per Cents. •• •• 117 85 .. 117 90 .. 117 80 • • 11! Four-and-a-Half.. •• 113 .. 113 •• 1 13 11 1 TO Fours ..• • Three:per Cents.... 85 60 .. 85 75 •• 8 5 t; Loan . ••.• •.••.• 86 55 .. 86 60 85 us' : : 321u Bank of Franca •• •• •• ••3215 ..3215 ••32 18 , .•1 08 : Gouin Eank. I,ooof Bharat; 1085 "1090 • • 108 ' 0 7..,th Belgian Bank. ............667 50 .. 667 50 .• 665., Belgian Fives, 1840 •••• •• 10516 .. 105% .. 105 Ye .• 10' t i 1842 lO7 107 •• 1 07 • • 1 ., 6 441 Four-and-a-Half ... 103% .. 103 g • • Spanish Active .• •••. • ..... 3634 _ 39. x avr& Threes.. ...• •• .. 41 .. 41% •• 41 Passive 7 .. 7 •• 7 5 161 Neapolitan Roman ..........• •• •• •• •• 106 .. 106 w 106 RAILWAY SHARES. OO Versailles, R.B•••—• •• •• •• 635 .. 650 .. 640 ". 410 L. 8•.... ...... 407 50 . 410 .• 4 05 ~113 5, 0 Rotten • ......... •••••• •• • •1160 . 1160 ..1150 . 91. Rouen to Havre . ,A Orleans Strasburg to Bale.. Avignon to Marseilles.... ll4O ..1142 50 .• 1135 .. 3 ' 6 0 Bordeaux to Testo 21250 .. 232 50 .. 230 ~, 702 Paris to Seeaux ....... • • 702 50 .. 702 50 .. 702 0u 4 0 0 RAILWAYS FOR THE ACCOUNT, Arl" 3 ,: Alt St. Germain .......• •• • • •• 1187 50 ..1187 50 ..1187 50 .. 6 3 ' 60 Versailles, R. ——•.• • • 640 .. 660 .. 640 ' 411 L. 8.. .... •• 407 50 .. 412 50 .. 407 50 :1111150 Rouen • ... •••• • • .• .••••• •.1160 —ll6O "1150 LA 0 lie,' Rouen to llavro • 977 50 -. 982 50 • • 91320 77 „134 31 Orleans 1325 .4330 Strasburg to 8a1e...... . Avignon to Marseilles •••• • • 1140 .. 1145 " 1135 23" Bordeaux to Teste 230 .. 230 .. 230 ••• 0 Paris to liceaux THIS DAY'S NEO ST. STEPHEN'S, WALBROO • A Vestry Meet ( in T g il ef l t S he D rat A e-p Y a .) ers, ca— l e n iv , ' suance of a notice from Messrs Flight y and W ; , a ' th° popular churchwardens, to take into considererlf„-relv extraordinary proceedings of the Consertei,ive n" - oo wardens, ue Lord Mayor Gibbs and Mr. Whittelier' is ffie Sun),csd a l, y ,as l i a ie s l t d ( t l i v i h is ie d h ay pr i o n ee th ed u in ve g s s tr were repor te lbr ook• It. Dr. Crolly was called to the chair. rthlin' 'o o ° The o_Vestry Clerk, Mr. CROSBY, then read the rai t ole t' the previous meeting, the protest of Dr. GNI,' t ° old aforemention edalso select vestry meeting on Tuee d3 Y' f ioe' a statement of what took place en that day Prifpyor to the adjournment of the select vestry (Lor d : Lord' Gibbs, Mr. Whittaker, and Mr. Eddison,) to lo - ship's private residence. t th e Mr. FLIGHT then said that he had hoped t-thfr, numerous body of thewho bad elec te " b' parishioners cherc Rock and himself to fill the onerous situation of to t hat wardens would have fully satisfied Mr. Michael Gi b n eed' his 20 years' domination over the parish must We!'" -er' Had he consulted his own character or credit, eci‘tted tainly would have immediately retired, and t e „ r ti ll3 the, it them to commence the work of reparation of wn"„ c h in church and the affairs of the parish stood so Or tip in need. But twenty years, it appeared, bad 00. 6 be to fled him ; the sweets of office were too temp he „ger at once forfeited, and from that hour until the tbe he had prevented their being of the slightest use !' OO of interests of the parish, by not allowing anY the rates to be employed with the view of s etting t 0 ° ,04 Welbr oo to rights. He that had been furnished, and he found that in tli e ; i l l of (Mr. Flight) had examined the°nrectl.eirlefr 1825, when Mr. Gibbs first came into office, the sum 1825, 6/. Bs. 6d. was expended for relief to casual poi' , to 51 4 the next year Mr. Gibbs had increased that spel t , b oo —(Hear, hear)— and in the succeeding year, it ,h 6 t ,ftor further increased to 671.—(Hear, hear.) so oa t° t be his first year of office, he increased the amoun t , ~.folci ; casual poor nine -fold, and in the second year WO' m ot Mr. CUNLIFFE (the banker) —Where are the voun_",3 to Mr. FLIGHT—The Churchwardens are not boiler:ooJ give vouchers for relief to casual poor.—(llear, he't Laughter.) Large and serious as this tunn un d th e they would be still more surprised at some statements in these accounts. In the year 182 5 t d. l o the gregate amount of the poor-rate was 61a, 11 . 11 " r ofe' following year it had increased to 7801., and afte rs tilo to S6O/., consequently in an interval of four Yeu f s isti rates had increased one-third, so that in a paribh ° to , for houses they were, in fact, charged about 14/. a n,_ ° . tr itz l ' poor-rate.—(Hear, hear.) The next thing f o r him him as extraordinary was the amount charged 0101' e xpenses.---(Hear, hear.) He found that in these tfr bo a, five years something like 2,0001. was alleged to h o t coe: paid for law charges.—(Hear, hear.) nu t (1 " - * other the -suiting Mr.• Crosby, their Vestry Clerk, et' subject, he found that these alleged Pri„ ri ft had not been really ma d e , they were '" TRAI New ready, in post Bvo., price 95., with a Map of the United States, Texas, Oregon, &c., Portraits of Washington, Daniel Webster, Ed ward Everett, and Fenimore Cooper, and a fine Engraving, all done by a new process, AME RICAN FACTS; with a PARODY on an ENGLISH CRITICISM. London : Wiley and Putnam, 6,: Waterloo-place ; and at all the Libraries.