The Sun. — London, England, 1814-01-27 00:00:00

at the head of them, whost•lteroismk signaltetl in the-war which established the Independence of his . contitry, sought at an advanced age a share in . hardship and battles,.for maintaining its rights_ Anil its safety: The / effect of these successes -has been to rescue the inhabitants of Michigan from their oppressions ? aggravated by gross-infractions the eapit illation which subjected them to'a fo teign poWer, to alienate the savages of numerous tribes froM the enemy, by whom they were disap pointed and abandoned, and to relieve an eKten sive region of country froM a merciless warfare, which desolated its frontiers, and imposed on its Citizens the most harassing.citeunistances.. "In consequence of our naval superiority on Lake Ontario, and the opportunity afforded by it of concentrating our forces by water, operation's which baa been previously planned were set on foot against the possessions of the enemy on the Sr... Lawrence. Such, however, was the delay produced in the first instance by adverse weather -of unusual violence and continuance, and such cir cumstances attending the final movements of the army, that the prospect at one time so favourable was not realized. The cruelty of the enemy by enlisting the Savages into a War with a nation de sirous of mutual emulation in mitigating its cala mities, has not been confined to any one quarter ; wherever they could they have been hurled against us. No exertions to effect it have been spared. On - our South-western border the Creek tribes, who, yielding to our, persevering endeavour::, were generally acquiring more civilized habits, became the victims of the Onfortunate seduc tion; a war in that quarter has been the con- sequence ; infuriated •by a bloody fanaticism re cently propagated against them, it was neces sary to crush sueha war before it could spread among the contiguous tribes, and before it cool(' favour enterprizes of the enemy in that With this view a force was collected into the ser vice of the United States from the states of Georgia and:rennessee, which with the nearest re gular.troops and other corps from the Mississipi territory, might not only chastise the savages into present peace, but make a lasting impression o.rt their fears. `-` The progress of the expedition, as far at it is Net know►, corresponds with _ the martial zeal itli which it was esimased, and the best hopes of `a satisfactory issue ace ,authorised by the complete success with which a well-planned enterprizC was executed against a body of hoStile sayages, by a detachment of ytiluitteer militia of Tennessie, un the- command of the gallant General Coffee, .and I;y a still more important iictory over a large body -cf‘Ltetti, gained under the immediate command ,s 7 f Major-General Jackson, an officer_ equally distinguished for his patriotism and his military talents. " The , systematic perseverance of the enemy iii courting the aid of thc savages in all qttarters had the natural effect of kindling their ordinary pro pensity to war into a passion . , which eyen.antonc those 'cast disposed towards the United States was ready, it not employed on our side, to be turned against us a departure from our protract ed forbearance to accept the services tendered by them has been forced upon us, but in yielding to it the retaliation has been mitig,lted its much as possible, both in its extent and in its charadter, stopping far short of the example of the enemy,. - I,trobowe the advantages they have occasionally gained in battle principally to the number of their savage associateg, and who has not controuled them either from their usual practice of indiscri minate massacre - on defenceless inhabitants, or from oceans of carnage, without a parallel; on pri soners to the British arms, guarded by all the laws of humanity and honourable %var. • " For these enormities, the enemy are equally responsible, whether, with the power to prevent them, they want the will, or, with a knowledge of the want of power, they still avail themselves of such instruments: In other respects,. the ene my are pursuing a course which threatens, con sequences most afflicting to humanity. A stand ing law .of Great Britain naturalises, as is well known, all aliens employed, with conditions li mited to a shorter period than required by the United States, and naturalised subjects are in war employe;;, by her Government in common with native tiubjects. in a contiguous British .pro vince, regulations promulgated since the com mencement of the war, compels citizens of the United States, being then, under certain circum stances, to bear arms, whilst of the native emi gfartts from the United Statics, who compose much of the population Of the province, a nmnber have actually • borne arms against the United --States ,their some of . whom, after having Clone so, have becOrne,priSoners of war, and are now in our possession. " The B...itish Commander in that Province, nevertheless, with the sanction, its appears, of his G o verninent, tholight proper to select froniamong the . prizoncrs of war, and to send to kireat'Bri tain for .trial a 3 criminals, a number of individuals who hail emigrated from the British dominions long prior to the state of war between the two nations, who had .incorporated themselves into oiir political 'Society in the • Mixties recognized by the la%v and .practice of Great Britain,. and who' were made prisoners of war, uniter the banners of their adopted country, fighting for its rights and safety. The protection clue to these citizens requiring , an effectual interposition in their be half,, a like number of British •prisoners of war were put into confinement, with a notification that they would experience whatever violence might he committed on the American prisoners of War sent to Great Britain. It %Naas hoped that this necessary consequence of the step unadvisedly taken- on the part , of Greatil:•itain, 'should hare lel her Government to reflect on the inconsisten cies of its conduct, and tliat.a sympathy with the British, if not with the American Sufferers, would have arrested the cruel career opened by its exam !) 'ph is wits linhappllV - not the case, In rio 7 lation both of consistency rind of humanity,Ame rican officers and. non-commisSioned, officers in arnibid the bitthlitt Of tilt soldiery coin fined here, were Ordered into close tonfiriemcht, with formal notice, that ih the event .of a I et s .ilia-. tion for the death Which Might be inflicted on the p'risoncr3 of war sent tti Great Britain for trial, the officers so confined would lie put to death also. It Wa's notified - lit thesametime,thattheUommandets of the British fleets and armies' on our coasts are instructed, in the Same event, to proceed with a de structive severityagainstourtowns and theinhabi tants. That no doubt might be left Ivith - the enemy of our adherence to the rettili:tting:resort invosed upon us, aCorresponding number of British . Off cers, prisoners of,war in our hands, were iaintedi ately put into close confinement to abide, the fate of those confirled by the enemy, and the British Government•lras been apprised of the determina tion of this Government to retaliate any proceed ing against te; contrary to the• legitimate - Mode of %vat-fare. It - is as fortunate for tile United States that theyhave it_ in their power to meet the, eneinTiti this deplorable. contest, as it - is honourable to them'that they 'do riot join hilt, but under the most imperious obligations, and with the humane purpose of effectuating a return to the _established usages of war. " The views of the French Ciovernment on the subjects, which have been so long Committed to negociation, .have' received no elucidation since the close of your late Session. The Minis:er Ple 7 nipotentiary ofthe United States 4t Paris- has not beep enabled, by proper opportunities, ta press the objects of his mission, as prescribed by his instructions. The Militia, always to be regarded as the great bulwark of deftmcc and security. for flee states, and the Constitution having wisely committed to the National Authority a use of that force as the hest provision against•the unsafe military 'establishmeut, as well as a.Source peen liarly'adaptedto a country having the extent and the exposure of the United States, I recommend to• Congress a revision of the Militia Laws, for the purpose of securing more effectually the ser vices of all detachments called to the employment, and placed . under the Government of the United States. • •‘.‘ - It will deserve the consideration of Congress also, whether, among other improvements in the militia law, justice does not require a regulation, under due precautions, for defraying the expense incident to the'first assembling, as well as to the subsequent movements of the detachments called into the national service, " To give our vessels of tsar, public and pri vate,.the requisite advantages in their cruises, it is of lunch importance that they should have, both for themselves and their prizes, the use of the ports of friendly. powers. With this view I re coMmend to Congress., the expedience of such legal provisions as may supply the detects or re move the doubts of the Executive Authority to allow to the cruisers of other powers such use of the American markets as may correspond with the privileges allowed. by such power to American cruisers. " During the year ending on the 30th of .Sep tember last, the receipts into the treasury exceed ed thirty-seven million's and a half of dollars, of which twenty-four millions were the produce of loans. After meeting all the demands for the public service, there remained in the Treasury on that day near seven millions of dollars. 'Under the authority contained in the Act of the 2d Au gust last, for borrowing seven millions and a half of dollars, that sum has been obtained on terms more favourable to the United tates than•those of the preceding loan made during the present ,year. Further sums to a considerable amount will be necessary to be obtained in the same way dur ing the ensuing year ; and fron► the increased ca pital of the country, and from the fidelity with which the public engagements have been kept, and the public credit maintained, it may be ex pected, on good ground, that the necessary pe cuniary supplies will not be wanting. The cx pences of the -current year; froM the multiplied . operations falling within it, have necessarily been extensive ; Init on the just estimate of the cam-- paign in which the mass of them has been incur red, the cost will not be found disproportionate to the advantages which have been . gainett: "The campaign has, indeed, in its latter stages in one quarter, been less favourable than ts•as computed ; but, in addition to the importance of our naval success, the progress of the campaign has been filled with incidents highly honourable to the Amet lean arms. Time attacks of the ene my on Craney Island, on Fort Snags, on Sacket'S Harbour, and on Sandusky, have been vigorous ly and successfully repulsed, nor have they in any case succeeded on either frontier, excepting Open directed against the peaceable dwellings of indi viduals, or villages, unprepared or undefended. Ott the other hand, the movements of the Americin army have been followed by the reduction of York, and of Forts George, Erie, and Malden ; by the recovery of Detroit, and the extcrmtnatti»► oithe Indian war in the West ; and by the or cupancy or command of a large portion of Upper Canada. `.‘ Battles - have been fought, on the borders of the St. Lawrence, which; though not accompli4i i.og their entire objects, reflect honour on- thells cipline of our soldiery—the 'best auguries Pt eventual victory. in th e same scale ar e t o be placed the late victories in the South, over oneof the most powerful (which has become one of tic most hostile also) of the Indian 'tribes. "it would be improper to close this cominnuica tiOn, without expressing a thankfulness in whicil all ought to unite, for the numerous blessing with which our beloved country rontinues to I)! favoured ; for the_ abundance which overspread; our land, and the prevailing health of its inhabi• tauts ; for the preservation of internal trauquility. and the stability of our free situations ; and above all, for the light of Divine Truth, and the protection of it: and although among our blessings we cannot number an exemption from the evils of war, yet these never will be regarded as the greatest of evil ,by the friends of liberty and of the rights of nations ; our country had before pre ferred them to tife degrading condition - which was the alternative when the sword was drawn - in the cause which wive birth to our n a tional independence and none !who em4mnplate the magnitude., and feel the value of that glorious-event, Will shrink from a struggle to maintain the high and happy groUnd oh which it, placed the American people. `Fite, au good eitiied§, t .iie jtiStie' and tib . eiitty of resisting the wrongs and usurpation no longer to be bortie, Ati!l Sufficiently outweigh the priva tions and sacrifice. 4 inseparat4e from a state of war, but it is a reflection MoreOVer peculiarly con soling. Wars are gen'e'rally aggravated by their hanefal etfeets on the internal Improvements mid peinn.nent_prosperity of the nations engaged in them. Such is -the favoured situation of the United States, tliat the Calamities of the contest into which they have been compelled to. enter are mitigated by the improvements , and advantages of ‘vhich the contest-, itself is the source. If the war has increased the interruptions of our -com merce, it has at the same time furnished employ ment for our manufaCtures so as to make us in-, dependent of all Other countries for the more es sential blanche's, for which we ought to be de pendent on none, and is even rapidly giving them an extent which will create additional - staples in our future intercourse with foreign markets. if much treasure has been expended, no inconsidera ble portion of it ha's been applied to objects dnra ble in their value and necessary, to our per manent safety. If the war ,has exposed us to increased spoliations on the ocean, to preda tory incursions on the land, it lnis developed 'the : national means of retaliating the former, and of providing agaimst the latter,. demon strating to all, that inevy_blow aimed at our ma ritime, indep.endtnce is an impulse, or accelerating the growth of our maritime power, by diffusing through the mass of the nation the elements of military discipline and instruction; by augment ing and distributing warlike preparations, appli cable-to future rise ;by evincing the-zeal and va lour which will be employed, and tbe'el!eerfulness with which every necessary burden will be borne; a great respect for our rights, and a longer dura tion of our future peace, are promised than could he expected-without these proofs of the national character and resource. The w arhas proved, moreover, that otir free Government, like other free Governmenti, though slow in its early movements, acquires in its progress a force proportioned to its freedom ; and that the union of - these States, the guardian of the freedom and safety of all and of each, is strength ened by every occasion ;hat puts it to the test. — In fine, the war, with all its vicissitudes, proves this country to be a gr, at, 4 flourishing, and a powerful Nation, worthy of the.friendship which it is dispOsed to cultivate with all others, and, authorized by its own example, to require from all an observance of the laws of justice and red-. procity. BeyOnd those their claims have never extended ; and in contending for them, we behold a subject for our congratulations, in the daily testimopies of increasing harmony throughout the Nation, and may humbly repose our trust in the smiles of Heaven in so. righteous a cause. ' 6 JAMES MADISON." GERM AN PA I' RS. [oluG NAL.] , VENETIAN FRONT - MRS, DEC. 19.—0 n the 17th November, the Chevalier Sever()li arrived at' An cona, in order, as Neapolitan Minister at War, to make arrangements for the march and supply o f the Neapolitan troops destined to occupy the late Papal dominions. The first column of this, army 9300 strong, under the command of General Ca rascosa, entered Terracina or the 21st Nov. and Rome on the 2d instant. It has meanwhile been considerably ditninished by deiertion. These troops are apparently designed to protect the coasts of the Ecclesiastical State, both on the cast and west side against the descents OftheEnglish but %vell-inform- % ed persons assert that this is all a feint, and that, on the first.seasonable opportunity the King of Na ples will declare far the Allies, and act in con cert with the Austrians, who are advancing from the West against the Viceroy. On the 10th, M. Moracei, the Minister of the SWiss Confederation', residing at Milan, repaired to the Viceroy's head quarters, to announce to hiin the neutrality of Switzerland. Ile was most graciously received, and presented with a gold snub-bo 'Set with brllliants. On the. sth December the garrison of Milan; consisted of 400 men ; neither on the side of Simplon nor of Gcnoa was there the least appear ance- of the approach of reinforcements. The country between Milan and the "Vinci° is nearly destitute of troops ; some single battalions only being cantoned libout Brescia, Rocca, d'inso, and Palo, as Alio towards Val Cammonica. Great ex ertions are making for enforcing the conscription. from the successive classes of the last five years, but with little success, for which reason it is found necessary tb employ the gens d:armerie iu active military service. In the Bresciano and the vicinity of Bologna and Ferrara, the business of arming was prose cuted with extraordinary vigour; nevertheless the desertion from these parts continued regularly - , and to"a great extent. For the provisioning of the fortresses requisitions were made without mercy over all the adjacent country ; the absolute want of specie and credit rendered the fulfilment of contracts for the supply of the troops imprac ticable, and on account of the cxpence of carriage, the nearest parts, without, reference to their pro dttetions, were first plundered. Gauvetno, on the Po,, was fortified ; but the design of fortifying Ravenna seeins to be reliquished. The, General of Division Greuier, and Fonta nelli, the Minister at War, were, the main pillars of the French party in Italy. All accounts agree in delineating in the most striking colours the uni versal impoverishment of the people, and the • • , siiileii tte4liiiiddileY Of the siiperioi cla§te3 kingdom of Italy. 'To the iron crown! belongs -kb iron sceptr& . • The blockade of Venire is diligently prose' crated; such Venetians as atetript to escape with passports from the French Connuiandant are sent Ai. The penalty of death 18 decreed against the introduction of provisions or letters. -BoTzEN, Disc. 20.—Private letters from Vi cenza hnnodnce that on the 16th inst. the At" - trian army was in full march for Verona, and that a decisive . affair .«•as daily eipected.- To=day Russian, General with two . Aids-dc-eamps, passe', Ahrough this place for the army in-Italy. On tit! sth, Lieut. Colonel Gavenda reached the ro at Primaro. The enemy, alter firing some.cantione shot, retreated to Ravenna. Mote than 100 Car' mans and Hungiirians deserted the French eagles• 'I lie fortrCss_of Primaro itself; with all the 0;1111)0-, provisions ; , and two pieces of cannon, was abandoned to the enciuy. On the 6th the Lieut.-Colonel :tent several de tachments across the river Lamone, on - which the enemy fell 1. to 'For :and was'attacked in hiti retreat by the peasants; between Montoue and Ch ° river ROIICO in this one U 3cce, ‘vithniort , than 100 men, came over to 'l'he LieuttmeioN Colonel is posted at F'orli. On the I at 3 the enemy made a sortie with 300 men and JO gtil!" boats from Brondola again st,the port of Conctite . The Officer comm ttiding at that post was 0b1i;2,-e,i, by the superiority of the enemy, to withdraw, 11:1 ,1 join the reserve under Major The lattcc ordered his men to charge with the-bayonet, - repulsed the enemy, .with the loss of 20 nmeot among whom was a_Captaln. In time haste Nvi ci4 which' they sought to regain their boats-many Nyc l° precipitated into the water, and 20 surrendered one house. The same nig,ht strong patroles of 06 enemy 'Appeared near Casablanca, but were 5° warmly received by the Croats, that many we r e left behind wounded, seven-de4cried, anal 17 threol awtiv their arms. SWITZERIAN'D, DEC. 2.1 1 .,—The allied trool' i crossed the Rhine nit at four, but at thirteen dia.cr eta points 3 150,001) men passed through 04 hoot Basle alone, and 24,000 Russians marcliej through Shaffhauscn. HANOVER, DEC. 29.—The Mike. oo► Cumber" land is ra-ising a squadron -of vol initeer Hussrt73' To the expense of its equipment, estimated 3t 20,000 dollars; he' has hiniself contributed 100 01 ' sterling;-the Chamberlain, Count Von 501. ; each of the Ministers 20/. ; several prival e , individuals from (q. t 0.19/. ; and tlacJewish col" gregation' hcre 50 pair of pistols. • ZURICH Convent Ton 4, , n( ;)t ZURICH, Zurich by the Deputi e s o f the gteat majoril (i 1 ) „, the Cantons On th e 29th o f D ecem be r i s the '1%.1 way to put a stop to (fisagreenients. The exatoP'l"' of Zurich ought to have great Weight: and "" arc generally persuaded, that the treat= Coast-W.l; Rote evil( preserve the division of Switzerland lift ! 19 Cantons. The Dep u tie s as sem bl e d at Zur' cl , May not properly form a Diet, yet they co ntiol assembled to deiiherate' on g i v i ng t h e lii rec tori 3 Power to the Canton of Zurich, and to reeei; e . t.-ire propositi ons w hi c h t h e Ch eva li er d e L e bte' tern, the Austrian Minister, is commissioned otter. There is nothing wanting to this re-9 10 " but the Deputies of-Berne, lessen, and tjot!e v wald. • The assembled Deputies of the Cantons 1 0 ' . , , agreed to renew those anc i en t 'f e d eral retatio os which subsisted aniong.tfern, and haAc solo - 0 131 ., declared the principle, that all depend+ !ICC on And foreign Power is incompatible with the i-igKt - i , (7 1 : General free people. Gen-al Wattenwyll ha s 'ilishan ‘ e . the Swiss troops, and on tlie 30 t h tes i g u e d 1! 15 CO!TlMaild at Zurich. - • ,Mr. Mills, who lately arrived at Lausanne, ": assumed the titl e O f Envoy Extraordinary fc° ll his Britannic Maje-,ity-to•the Swis"Cantons. 9 PRESBURG, DEC. 26.-,--Among the prisoti cr who have p a s se d t h roug h h ere are a good noll, ' r Dutch, who, in co n s equence o f t h e c h ange country has undergone, have - dernantred pertil't c sion to return thither, to - assist in delivering . from the French yoke; they here await thestle cv sion of our Government. • 0 5- : VIENNA, DEc, 31.—Our Court Gazett e c optai the following : "The theatre of the war i s now transferred to the French territory : 180,000 men haie crn-A: se . _,„ ( the Rhine between S c h a ffh ausen an d Basle• -7 5 When Huninguen was invested, a few prison er e were taken, all of th em 'conscripts, who o' cr i ,. neither clothed, nor all of them completely arnlecte There is reason to beli eve t h at there is in Fra D ' t . an extraordinary want of arms ; the greater P'`' of the fc;tresses are not p rov i s i one d ; and 1"'10,e of them even ‘vithout artillery. • ln conSeque'V t ' ), e of the extraordinary los s of cannon which t ` French army experienced in the tw.t.) last - cs“! 1 paigns, most of th e f ortress h a d been convert,`l into field artillery. Th e Fr enc h are equa lly "c -ficieut iu artillery'-inen." • INSPRUCK, JAN. 1,--- , The Austrian co Ts.of - Marshal Lieutenant Mayer, which carne par t o from Dresden, a nd pa rt l y f rom t h e Upper 1 111- 1 " has passed through' our vicinity on its ronte f f j N ,loin the army of Italy. otwithstauding. the o f ficultics of so p a i l fit a'march this scoot' the year, the troops are in the best condition. of VIENNA, DEC. 29 —The French garrison s 1 ., the fortresses which h av e suct'essively fallen , '! e ,i now suffering for that licetis•U which they exer c , i , s , e y towards the inhabit:oil s o f t h ese p l aces . bring with them the most malignant disor" t t s i, from those Cities whi c h th e y so l ong an d s o ohs