The Sun. — London, England, 1845-08-26 00:00:00

LECI UHF: ON THE CURRENCY. On Faday se'nnight an able tecture was delivered at the Chelmsford Institute, by Mr. Capps, on the National Currency. Ine lecturer commenced his address, the delivery of which occupied nearly two hours, by observing that as he believed the audience he had the honour of addressing was composed princi pally of the members of the agricultural class, he should con fine his remarks a, closely as possible to the action and influ ence of the currency on the welfare of that interest ; but at the same time he would remark, that the injurious influence of our monetary system was not exclusively confined to the agricul tural portion of the community. There was a radical error or detect in our political or social system, which affected all classes of the community in their turns, though not, perhaps, all at one and the same time. He would beg them to enter upon this subject calmly and reflectively, whilst he endeavoured to take hold of sonic of the leading features of the case. What was it which struck an observer as the main point of the grievances of the farmer, and the great cause of his distress? It was evidently this-that after having carefully cultivated his farm to the best of his ability, the farmer could not obtain fer the produce thereof a sufficient price to repay him his expenses and a living profit. Hear, hear.) In 1822 the agricul tural interest called upon Parliament to mitigate by any means in its power the distress which then oppressed them; and what was the cause of that distress? Simply, that wheat would realise only 435. per quarter. In 18:3.5, a mo tion was made by Mr. Cayley, in Parliament, to inquire into the cause of agricultural distress, when the great feature of the distress was alleged to be that wheat was only fetching 395. per quarter, which price would not afford the grower a livine. And now, in 1845, what was the "head and front" of their jest complaints? Precisely the same thing as before they could only obtain 455. a quarter for wheat. That this was the true cause of the distress might be proved by referring back • o the r2Ars previous to Sir R. Peel's Currency Bill of 1819. The farmers were not distressed during the first 20 years of the preseet century. simply because they obtained on the average 85s. a quarter for th or wheat, and similar prices for their other produce. But our present statesmen wou'd have them believe, that the distress was occasioned by the extreme drought of one year, and the ex'reme wetness of another-the large crops of one season, which produced low prices, and the crops of others, which left the farmer nothing to sell. But they had all those diversified seasons between the years 1800 and 1819, arid yet they had no genet al complaints of agricultural distress. He was aware that many landowners and farmers were apt to at'ri vie the exceedingly low price of farm produce to the Canadian Corn Bill, and Sir R. Peel's new tariff; he did nor dispute that they had in some degree contributed to it, but he denied that. they were, that they had been the principal agents. They must recol'ect that wheat was 7s. a quarter cheaper than it is now. The Canada Corn Act had not then passed : in 1822 also wheat was 3s. per quarter cheaper than now, and at that time the price could not he affected by an act of gislatien which did not take place until twenty years atterwarde. But there was another measure of Sir Robert Peel's then in operation, which continued in operation to the present time-a measure professedly to regulate and give stability to the money of thecountry, and to prevent speculative lousiness and ruinous fluctuations, while practically it had diminished and contracted the money, without in the least degree abating speculation and panic. Upon examination they would find that 'his was the principal cause 'f the low price of ecru-so much so, that merle they vet the new tariff, and the Canada Corti Ac' repealed to-morrow, and could they in adei twin get Parliament to legislate as much in their favour as it had lately legislated against them, there would still be in opera. teen a baneful measure, which wetild, whenever there was a general average crop of farm produce, effectually prevent their obtaining a fair price for it. The lecturer then proceeded to prove that the changes effected by Sir Robert Peel in the monetary system of the country, when c imbined with the sys tem of taxation teruch erevailed, had nectesarity produced the deplorable state to which the agricultural classes vser • reduced. He fist adverted to those changes Daring the first twenty years of the present century a system prevailed which permitted gold and silver to take a market price, and not to be tied down to a fixed price, as at present. It permitted the piece of go'd called a guinea to fetch 275. or 2es. in the market ; and that circumstance, he eontendeii, produced those re manerseine prices for agricultural produce which calved those times to he so prosperous to the farmer. He wished them, therefore, to understand that he attri buted the low price of farm produce, which hail been s prevalent during the last 25 years, to the operation of Peel's Bill, passed in the year 1819, which fixed geld permanenly at the low price of 3/. 17 s. 10ed. an ounce, a price too low for the present circumstances of the country ; so low, that even wheat, at 4.55. per quarter, was still 25 per cent. higher than mild. The lecturer, after explaining the reas o n why gold had ° been fixed at that price, sffirmed that this low price of gold in the general cireulitien of the country caused an equally low price for c Hear.) That, it-. fact, it had a tendency to brir,g w :eat chew as low as 345. er 355. a quarter, and that the only reason why wneat was not new 355. a quarter was, because it cost some 103. a quarter to bring it from other countries. For what wis the inevitable result of 31 17s. lOict of the general paper money of the ceuntry always commanding an ounce of gold ? Why just this-that it always commanded those things which were of the same natural value, those values being fereteed upon the different degrees of expense or quantity of la bour necessary to pro lilt' the same. Dr. Adam Smith and all politic .1 ecortomists hid told them that the higclirg and bereainMe of the public market , would soon find out the real va:ues of those various productions, arid that they would Seen be found to exchange against each other in their prop, proportions accosding to their respective values. It temente a questien, then, of great interest to the sg turist to :end out whet quantity of wheat was naturally esp.,' in value to the ounce of gold, and it was to this point that he would next direct their attentio Ile pointed out epee a table which had been prepared from the statistics of Mr Taylor, an ensieent au hor on the currency, that the utmost price that the price of geld would anew for wheat in this country, if there were average favourable seasons, was 455. per qutrter ; that the natural tendency f the present standard price of mild wt s to bring deem wheat to the universal overage price of 33e or 344. per quarter, which result was only pre • vented by our growing a little less corn than one annual cc:te st:imp:ion ; ant that should we by our agricultural improve meats produce any considerable surplus beyond the average cansum dem, it was extremely probatee that wheat might fall Is. a bushel lower than it was at present. The lecturer next alluled to the amount of taxation which this country sustain d, to snow th it no articles of production could be afforded at con tinental prices. Our revenue was principally derived trim dunes epon the pro.luctions of industry. It was not suffimently considered that the taxes raised in this manner were fully equal to the whole landed rental of the kingdom. Mr. lel•Cullseh hart estimated the landed rental at about 40,03 ,0 01. sterling ; now, the Excise and Custom duties alone amounted to about 37,0 n odo/., and when they added to th s the various items of :meal taxation which were sustained by the occupiers of the sail, they would find that the amount considerably exceeded the rent of the laud. Yet S,r 11.,bert Peel's currency measures made no pro vision whate, - er for this important element of cost.-(Hear, hear ) Th o was the very point in which Sir Robert Peel's erand failure la d. lie ha I fixed gold at, the same price at which it was cerrent bef there was any indirect taxation imposed union tie intry. Gold at 3/. 17s. , and wheat at 4s. per bashel, did vern well 200 years ago. when scarcely any indirect texation existe.l ; bet to attempt to enforce such prices for the general products ot industry now, would be to consiwn all the productive classes to unremuneratedtoil, toil, if not t absolute' beegary ; but more especially the agri cultural claws, who could net, -n their distress, have recourse to steam michreery as their manufacturing brethren could.- (He tr. ) Al et - some furthrr arguments to show that the low standard price +f gold peremptoris forbade any rise to the price of what or other cominedities, the lecturer directed attention to a machine he hail very ing•niously constructed, called a currency clock, on wretch were shown the relative proportions in value to each other of g nl i, silver, wheat, anit the wages of labour on the level of an annual tax ition by Customs and Exc:se of 17,00teteete, which he showed would consist with 45; per quarter fir whee, with gold at 3/. 17a. lrq 1. per ou+ice; with silver at 54. per ounce; and the wage• of the Weaver at 73. 61. per week. The e were the paces with wet -4 the country (mule prosper under an annual ta•ation of 17,00 et) eq. But as tax item increa-e.t wheat. ought to rise in usoeor•ion; ant that pro:rumen he maintained, as the result of c lo se oesersatien, should be-that fee every melion of indi rect tax it hie per annum beyond. 17,000,001)1., is. was ne tessary te Inc meted to the e ri -e of i he quarter of wheat to compensate the tanner for the in weaved taxation he sustained.-( Hear, hear.) Ar the present tittle the in Erect taxation was twenty millioes beyend the seventeen milhons, so 203. were necessary to be added to the price of the quarter of wheat to remunerate the grower properly ; 210. add, d to 4. s., the original price with seventeem no of taxation, would make 655. per quarter for wheat, which he thought would commend itself to every practical farmer as being ab ,tit the price which he felt would afford him a fair and not extravagant remuneration.-( Hear. ) Bet th , ugh the wheat rose, the gol l (mule not rise ; that was held d two by the sta .chard price of 31. 17s. 1011 per Ounce. Here then was an ebsuetity, a distinction in the price of two things of tepid v due-one was fetchine, 65e, the teller stood at the scale of , inly 45i. Was that asystem et be established as one which would exceariee equ d values fairly and upon equal terms? -( Hear, bear. ) He had no to show them that this fixed, ativareing price of gold pulled down eventually the prices of all other productions from a remensrating price to its own level ibis was effected by the certain export of gold by the foreigner whenever, by the high p - ice ot other things, gold became the cheapest article for him to take in return for the geode he his so d us. The foreigner was naturally anxious to take sack a return cargo; he therefore looked rount to see what would be advantageous to him to buy to sell again ; but he found wheat et 655. per quarter. " That won't do," says he, " I can get it at Dantzic at 30s. , I won't take wheat." He looked agaio ; he saw iron at 61. per ton. " That won't do," he says again, " I can get it at Sweden at 41. per ton." But there was one article which he saw had not risen, an article ton whie i was the easiest of any to carry away-gold. Gold has tint risen with the other cam. modiiies, and therefore was to him the cheapest commodity, and he took it. But, says an Englishman to this foreigner, " You ought not to refuse taking our productions at our prices, even if they are what you call h'gh, for you have had the benee fit of bringing your goods to the same market, and obtaining si oiler prices for them, and after all our prices nil , give us a fair return for our °en expenses." " That i s all very well," rej wls the foreigner, " but I like to take the cheapest which I can find -t our iron, your lead, and your wheat, are all much dearer than your :wild. I like your gold best. I prefer t a k ing your untaxed g o ld' to your taxed articles." Away, therefore, the gold went. Suppose this operation to be continued for any length of time, what would be the ultimate result ? Why, that the country, and consequently the. Bank of England, wnuhf be drained of its gold. So long a, goods were higher than gull, gold w old be chosen by the foreigner in preference to goods. -( Hear, hear. ) But the Bank of England being compelled by law always-to provide gold on demand. was obliged to have recourse to energetic though destructive measures to get the gol i back again into its coffers. Then came the pressure upon the prottuctive classes, agricul, ural and manufactur ing. The Bank of Euglaml knew tiiat the cause of the gold going abroael was its cemperative cheapness, and however grieved it might feel in putting an end to a prosperous state ef things in luced by remunerative prices, stern necessity compelled. The Bank must have the gold back at all tote:Jets, and it took measures for bringing down corn and all other productions, which were se much hiener than the geld to the level of gold, for the Bank knew well enough that that was the only eff mtual inethod et stopping the exeort of gold and twingi ng i t h ac k to its own coffers. Phis was done by the Bank beginnine to withdrew its supply of notes, refusing discounts, or selecting only the very highest character of bills for discount; raising the rates of interest, contracting its accoinmoslation to country bankers, and varle ts , other methods which it had at its command By the use of these means the general circulating medium became contracted; everybody somehow or other found himself shmt of money • there was no effecting sales without submitting to a redumien ' in prices, and in proportion to the intensity of the pressure was the fall of prices, which fall only ceased till timings were broueht down as low or lower than the price at which gold was fixed. They were, therefore, placed on the horns of a dilemma-if the Bar.k managed to keep the gold its the country, it only did Si by keeping all our produce so low in price itS to ruin the agricul twists and rnauulacturers, because they del not get back what they had peel in taxation. On the other hand, it they mot remunerating prices, and paid their workpeople for their labour, then away went the gold, and the Bates and our Inontsiary system were butte in danger of being troment to a standstill_-( Hear, hear.) In illustration of this, the lecturer r (*erred tin the panic of 1815, which he seet was a rnemorale e lesse n o f the vascillating and insecure revere of our present monetaryeystem. He th en p ~ reeee,l„l, considerpa,,i the c au s es of that Sir It, Peel's Currsnt'y 8.11 of Ibl9, he said, i nstead of lo; : ering prices only 4 per cent., as its abettors had prophecied, speedily pulled them down 40 or 50 per cent. Wheat, which had been 705., 80s., and 9W. per quarter, was brought down by the latter end of 18'2 to about 38s. ; meat, which had been sold for 4s. 6d. or 53. per stone, was reduced to 2s. tid., and other things in like proportion. This unexpected reduction in the income of the sealers of commodities, without a proportionate reduction of the national debt, caused such depression and ruin, that the Ministers were alarmed, and hastened to relieve the distress by the re-issue of one-pound notes, thereby inducing greater ac commodation by the country bankers. The end in view was to increase the prices of goods which bad fallen so low ; that was what was scanted, but, as he had already shown, the prices of goods could not permanently rise without the gold leaving the country, unless gold and silver were permitted to rise in the same proportion. The Ministry were told this by persons who understood the currency, but all areument was in vain—they persisted in forcing up the prices of goods. while they kept gold down at 31. 17s. 10id., and the result turned out as had been anticipated. Gold left the country—the Bank lost its stock of bullion—the nation was convulsed from end to end, and had the panic continued twenty-four hours longer, Mr. Huskis - son said, that a system of barter must have been resorted to. What was wanted, continued the lecturer, was a system which would let gold rise in the same proportion as taxation raised the price of other things. If gold thus rose it would not be exported, and a permanently remunerating price both for corn and everything else would be obtained. —( Hear, hear.) And here he would pause to inquire how, under the operation of the present depressing system, was it possible for the farmer to avoid pressing unduly on the labourer? It was the result ne cessarily engendered by the operation of the low price system, and it could not be otherwise, unless they enabled the farmer to pay better wages by giving him better prices for his produce. It was all very easy for gentlemen of the manufacturing dis tricts, who counted their profits by thousands, to declaim against the low wages of the agricultural labourer, and exult ingly to point to the condition of their own work-people by way or contrast, thus taking credit to themselves for superior generosity. This, however, was a very fallacious way of lock ing at. the matter. If they really wished to contrast the matter fairly, let them compare the amount of wages paid with the amount of profits realised from the wages.—( Hear, hear.) But in order that gold might be able to rise in proportion to other things, they must have a kind of currency which would allow of this taking place ; they must have another vehicle or medium of exchange ; and that could be obtained by the issue of a fixed amount of Government Ex chequer money, based upon the proceeds oi the annual taxes. In swill a currency as th.s, goad could rise or fall like all other commodities, according to supply and demand, and in subser vience to the amount of taxation imposed up en goods. But here they were met with what Sir Robert Peel, and those who agreed with him, thought an insuperable objection. " What." say they, " are you foolish enough to recommend that the paper currency of the country should be convertible into gold at the market price, instead of the fixed price that we have now? Pray what would your pound be ? What would your pound note mean ? This year, perhaps, gold would be 4/. an ounce, and then your one pound note would exchange in the market for a quarter of an ounce of gold ; next year gold might be M. an ounce, and then your pound note, instead of being the fourth-part of an ounce of gold, would only be the fifth-part of an ounce ; and it gold were to rise to 6/. an ounce then your pound note would be only the sixth•part of an ounce. yeur pound would be always chsuging. upsetting all contracts, and alternately robbing ail debtors and creddors. No, no; let us have a pound which is fixed and invariable in value. Let us have a pound which will alnays command a certain definite quantity of gold or silver ; then we k no w what we are about. But if the pound is to be a thing con stantly changin g in value, nobody will know what thy are doing." He had put this question in as strong a mariner as he possibly could, because, in the first place, it was an ex ceedingly prevalent one, and, secondly, because he was anxious to grapple with it in its most imposing form. I he whole matter resolved itself into this simple question— ought or taught not our money denomination, whether pound, dollar, shilling, or franc, to be or represent at all times and under all circumstances a certain definite (that was, an a.cer taicied and invariable) quantity of gold and silver? Sir R. Peel slid it ought. He (the lecturer) humbly presumed to say it ought not, and joined issue with him on this point. His position was, that neither in this nor any other country ought the money denominations to represent under all circumstances a fixed and invariable quantity of gold or silver, and if they overthren Sir Robert Feel upon this point, they, upon his own confesion, overturned the whole of his currency scheme, for he 'ail said the whole of his measure rested upon that assumption. —( Hear, hear. ) The lecn.rsr next remarked upon the sources from which the revenue of the country was derived. Eight-tenths cf it, lie said, was derived from duties upon com modities, and the price of them ought to depend upon the amount of taxation inspo3ed ; for, as Mr. M.Culloch had justly ob.erved, " when taxes are placed upon commodities, their prices must rise in a corre•peeding proportion, otherwise the producers will not obtain their ordinary rate of profit." After some further able arguments upon the evils connected with a fixed, unvarying price of gold, the lecturer proceeded to re mark that the system regulated the quantity of money in cir culat on, not by the wants of the people and the demands of agriculture and commerce, but by the quantity of a certain foreign metal which it was probable could be procured by the Bank at the price fixed for it ; ant' there was no class of persons where inierests had suffered so much from this cause as the agricultural class. In London and other great towns great facilities were afforded by bills of exchange and promissory notes, so that the pressure which would other wise be felt was relieved in a great degree by these substitutes. But in the country districts, where bil s of exchange were almcet unknown, the want of an abundant supply of circulating medium was most severely felt. The lecturer then alluded to the restrictions placed upon the issues of country hank sby the recent Act of Parliament; after which he said—However clear and demonstrable this subject might appear to himself and to the meeting, yet he was aware that in an assembly of thinking men to whom a difficult subject had been fur the first time brought under their consideration, that some such thoughts es the following would be prevalent:—" Well, it ap pears, as far as I can judge, very plain and very true; but Si R. Peel and other eminent men are of a different opinion, and I wonder why this is : they surely must see the subject in some other light, or perhaps they are acquainted with something more respestitig it that has not been brought forward lay the lecturer to-day. I should very much like to hear a little snore of whet such parties as those have to sty to it. I should like fully t and rstand the opposite opinion, that I might be able fairly to judge between them, for at {Present I have only heard one side of the question." He (the lecturer) would therefore to the best of its ability, and without knowingly withholding anything, give them Sir R. Peel's view of the subject, as se forth in his public speeches upon the question, and then leave them to draw a fair comparison between their views. Sir R. Peel's view appeared at first sight to be very correct and simple, and indeed it was true, as for as it went, for it was wrong rather because it was incomplete, and did not embrace all that was necessary to be con sidered, than that it was wrong in itself abstractedly. Sir 11. Peel's philosophy of money appeared to he embodied in the fol ',wing reflections What ie money ?" He answered " The measure of value, that is the instrunient we make use u to determine the value of commodities : we use a foot or a yard as a measure of length ; we use an euuce or a pound as a measure f weight ; we use a peck or a bushel as a measure of capacity ; and we use money as a measure of value. Then he asks—" What is the grand essential characteristic of all these as measures? What is it that constitutes their efficacy? Is it not that they should be accurate arid invariable quantities themselves? How can they accurately measure ocher things, if they are in their own nature fluctutting and uncertain ? What should we think of a foot measure that was made of such a material that one day it was twelve inches loeg, while another day it would be only nine or ten inches long ? Should we not lose all faith in it as a measure of length ? Is it not absolutely' essential that it should be invariable in length in order that it may accurately measure the length of other thins:s ?" And so on with the other measures enumerated. Sir R. Peel's first conclusion then in this process of reasoning was. that money as the measure of the value of all other things should itself possess a certain definite invariable value. Now Sir It. Peel went on a little further and reas9ned thus : " A, the great essential quality of money ought to be its in variability in v duo, I must make my money of that commodity which is the least liable to alteration in value, arid that is gold." " I know," says he. " that nothing is so steady in its natural value as gold ; wheat, and all other agricultural pro duce. fluctuate very much in value, ac iording to the season s or the crops. Iron, and most other metals, are too bulky for money, besides these fluctuate very much in value ; there is nothing like gild roe money; it is steady in its supply ;tom the mines ; it takes nearly the saute labour and expense for scores of years together to bring it into the market ; bad seasons do not lessen the crop of it, and good seasons d i not increase the crop. It being, therefore, of more steady value than anything else, it will more steadily express any given value than any thing else, and, therefore, gold is the thing for money.'' Sir Robert Pc el's second principle, therefore, was—that as gold was naturally more invariable in value than any other coin medity, geld was by far the bsst commodity to make money of so far as invariability in value was concerned. But, said Sir R. P ee l aga i n s o Though I very much prefer gold money to any other, yet this country requires a vast deal more money to carry on its business every clay than all the geld we can possibly get together. We cannot obtain a fifth part of the gold necessary for all our business transactions, if they are to be carried on with gold money. 'What, therefore, shall I do? Shall I make the nation confine its transactions to the amount that can be effected with gold ?" " Oh, no," says he, " that { would be to cut off four-Ertl: of the trade of the nation, and reduce us to a state of semi-barbarism. I must contrive some other mosey which, though not made of gold itself, will exactly represent the gold money, and act as an as sistant to it." Sir R. Peel's third great principle, there fore, was, that as he was obliged to have paper menet; in addition to gold, as much paper money might be allowed to circulate as could be kept in exact conformity in value to the gold money. This was evidsnt front his own words—`c What I want is Ins—that I shall have en ample sueply of that paper currency whose value shall be exactly conformable to gold." These were what he (the lecturer) conceived to be Sir Robert Peel's three great currency principles; his other regulations were only arrangements for carrying out those principles into practice as far as possible. With respect to those principles he would say, that though they were plausibla, and even correct a- far ai they went, they were incorrect, because they did not ierns:uarraecre)thieenwi,hd in tutu, where Now, th e first principle h e ( t h e He where en indirect taxation prevailed. assertesl that the effect of indirect taxation was to lessen the I value of money in exact propo r ti on t o t h e d egree i n which that I for m o f t axa ti on was impreed.—( Hear, hear. ) He did not say that indirect; taxa ion l essene d t h e va l ue of the commodities mak of g e money of a.e golf and certain d s e i fi ly n e i r te invariable ria o b f le aimoney.dLua,t to mu-t lie no taxation, but direct tax. .s. "e'n as property tax—ail duties from greet s must behetakjanrtoeff:—:and that brought. intty v o l an z s . , , tarts o S f i r R. him to the assertion with which Peel's currency principles were correct case, and not as the whole of the ease sibly be so formed as to merit Sir R. Peel's dere'rifia.ct:mieueti.4o'lfVoitt: such money would throw all the taxes upon the other producers. It would not matter to the consumer': and purchasers how much taxation their produce was burdened with in the course of its production. They would not be called 0100:t to contribute to it ; their money arising from rents, intere-t s and investments, wou ld b e a t hi ng of invariable value, ' Whet a hoe infraeri n, then, of the principle that " when taxes are laid upon commodities, their prices mast rise in proportion," would this kind of money of Se- Robert. Peel's be. ( Hear, hoar.) Sir Robert Peel was lab iurin g more and more by every successive measure to make money more and more invariable in value, to regulate the issues of it in such a manner as should tender it more anti more diffi cult to add taxation to the prices of all produce, agricultural and manufacturine. He could not bring himself to believe that Sir Robert Peel was doing this with a full understanding lat,,,fivs nevert f h ul erbeesra Navinr i i n ng i bli, u of y this point ; h e was su bj ecting himself to an fliifehiets. tl y wereptccheuitv perceived d e tthheoui intimate aitte ne a c r o o n sefrom and mutual influence upon each other oftaxation. Having, and Having, h e h oped, satisfactorily disposed of the first ofthse principles, it would not be nece•sary for i him to refute at any lemith the other two, far, c a mi res . { , n i i i , t iter f, the succinct principle, if va old lue i 'v e w a b a i s l i o a t r y ' onlyy o u f a r v l h i a t o y l u e w b e ; h s i t a c t h i if', us h n c e i e ) t ' h c a n i i ii i r l y sl m °n" beeause of its invariability of not to possess, then it naturally followed th an at ewe gold Olndotw,asbuntoctoigtihiet bar a ui ri ns ti cip t i l e ie ; same argument best commodity to make mane applied with equal force to the i l hi o r i t , l e ' e l gold itself inva riability of value, neither could that paper itn)fonitesfy'inrwa was not the best thing for money, ithfair,sael value was exactly conformable to gold, -be the best kind of paper money._( Hear, hear.) Want of space compels us to hasten to the conclusion of our notice of this lecture, and we do so by giving an outline of the Plan suagested as a remedy •of the evil complained of. The remedy, said the lecturer, was simple and easy of comprehension. It consisted in the Go vernment issuing notes of a peculiar kind, so as to be distin guished at sight from other notes, to such an amount as would be equal in the year to the amount of the annual taxa tion. Suppose the amount annually granted at the Present time for the service of the State was 5l) millions ; the Exchequer would have to provide notes of all sums equal in the gross to that amount in the course of the year, and the Treasury would draw cheques upon the Exchequer for those notes, wherewith would be paid the public dividends, the salaries to public ser vants, the pay of the army and navy, &c. While Government notes to this amount were in process of being issued, the tax collectors would for the first year bring in a very few of them compared with the gaeat bulk of money of another kind, such as was now circulated. The notes would be cancelled as soon as they were brought in, having served the use for which they were intended. The rest of the money, as far as it consisted of Bank notes, would have to be restored tn i the Bank of Eng lane, in liquidation of the debt due from Government to the Bank. That part of it which would be in gold should go to the Mint to be resold at such prices as the current rate in the market showed to be the just price. Suppose that in the first year the sums brought in were 10,000,000/. in Government notes; 30,000,0001. in Bank notes of various kinds, and 10,000,1001. in gold. Let the Government notes be cancelled, let the Bank be repaid its lean of fourteen millions in its own bills, let Exchequer-bills he paid off with the remaining sixteen millions, and the country would at once be freed from all further payment of interest on those sums ; the ten millions in gold would go to the Mint. In the second year the same sum of 50,000,0001. in Government notes would be in course of issue. The proceeds of the taxes might then be 35,000,000/. in Government notes, 10,000,0001. in Bank notes, and pay off 5,000,0001. in gold. We should cancel the 35,000,t 001. and the further sum of 10,000,0001. in Exchequer-bills with Bank notes. The 5,0, - 0,000/. of gold we should send to the Hint. But by this time the sale of gold at the Mint, at the current rate of the market, would probably have brought the further sum of 15,000,0001. back again with profit, to:the account of the Government in exchange for Government notes. Let the whole of this, then, be applied to the discharge of the re maining Exchequer-bills, and the balance go to buy up some portion of the national debt. In a year or two the whole of the taxation would be collected by the means of Government notes, for which no interest would be payable by the country, and at no time would there be more of these notes in circulation than would be sufficient to represent one year's taxation. The price of gold in Government notes would vary for a little time, but af ter a while would become steady. That price should he stated in every Gazette, which would be twice a week, and it would form in all the newspapers an important item of news along with the price of stocks, corn, &c., as thus :—Gold, 41. 17s. 4d. Sovereigns 255. each. With respect to the Bank of England and other banks, they should he required to take up their own notes en demand, in Government notes or in gold, at such price as the last Gazette declared to be the current market rate. Government notes would be a legal tender, and sove reigns also, when offered at the market price. After some fur ther lengthened observations, in the course of which the lectu rer referred to the monetary system of former Governments, and introduced one of the wooden Exchequer tallies, instituted by Henry 1., representing in value about 1,260/., the lecturer concluded his able address by a word of exhortation. He trusted the meeting had seen what was the great defect in our I :resent monetary system. If they asked him what they should do, he would, say rally rotund those who had already organised a society in London ( tue Society fur the Emancipation of Industry), to serve as a nucleus or gathering point for all the supporters of their principles, and which only wanted the adhesion and assistance of the agricultural interest to make a sensible impression in high quarters. He would also recommend the formation of local associations . let them study the subject, and prepare themselves to catechise th it candidates upon it at the next general election. The power was in their own hands, and it was a duty they owed to themselves and the working classes generally, to enter int• this contest, and manfully to fight the battle and redress the grievances of those over whom they were placed.--(The lec turer resumed his seat amidst loud cheers. ) At the close of the lecture Mr. BALER, of Writtle, rose and moved the thanks of the meeting to Mr. Capps for the lucid exposition he had given of this subject. Though it might be difficult to bring the mind at once to hear upon this important question, still he thought they would concur in the views of the lecturer upon it. Although Sir Rob, rt Peel was great as a statesman and as an orator, he might, nevertheless, be wrong in his views of firs question—a question, perhaps, the investi gation of which required a mind differently consitituted from his.—( Hear.) And w hen they looked back upon a man who had stood forward in this country, and :was as great in his day as Sir Robert Peel—he meant Mr. Pitt—they found that he struck out a system different to Sir Robert Peel on this question ; therefore they had a right to doubt whether Pitt was not right and Peel wrong. During the time of Pitt the country, not withstanding the difficultit‘s it had to contend with, tlsurished to a greater extent than at the present time ; the profits on all articles were greater than was now the case, and Pitt was looked up to as the salvation of his country, from having under the most trying circumstances carried through a Government with success to the nation, not only as a nation, but with prosperity to the people as a people.—( Cheers. ) But, great as Sir Robert Peel undoubtedly was, he might be wrong on this question. Having had the waiter so fully in troduced by Mr. Capps, showing most distinctly that Sir R. Peel was wrong, it became their duty as agriculturists, and as forming a portion of the producing class, to take steps for a full investigation of the subject; and before they parted he would submit a resolution, which if seconded he would put to a show of hands. Taking into consideration this question as affecting their interests to such an extent as it did, and having had so clear an explanation of it by Mr. Capps, before they parted, he (Mr. Baker) would call upon them to express their opinion that the subject required a searching investigation on the part of the Legislature, in order that if the present system was wroeg it might be set right, or if right that it might he more fully established. He was satisfied iu his own mind as to what the result would be. Mr. Baker ' then moved the following resolution, which, being seconded, was carried with only one dissentient voice That the cor dial thanks of the company be presented to Mr. Capps for his very lucid and talented exposition of the bearing of the exist ing currency on agricultural and other productions; and that this meeting cannot separate without recording a strong con viction that the principle of protection of native industry, or that of free trade, can never be properly viewed without refe rence to a just currency. This meeting considers the subject that has been explained of such vast importance to the agricul turists as to require the most careful and scrutinising investiga tion of Parliament on its re-assembling. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. NORTIMRN cluculT.—Liverpool, Aug. 22. ( Before Mr. Justice CRESSWELL. BREACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE.—PASS V. POTTS. This action was brought to recover damages for a breach of promise of marriage. The defendant pleaded, first, that he did not promise ; secolid, that reasonable time for the marriage had not elapsed before the commencement of the action; third, that the plain iff did not ask the defendant to marry ; fourth, that the defendant, at the time of making the promise, was not twenty• one years of age ; fifth, that the plaintiff procured the defendant to make the promise by means of fraud, co:in, and misrepresentations of the plaintiff and others who counselled the plaintiff; and sixth, that at the time the defendant made the promise he was so excessively drunk that he was altogether disabled from making any good and valid contract or promise. The Attorney-General (Mr. Wortley) and Mr. Web-ter were counsel for the plaintiff; and Mr. Watson and Mr. Hog gins for the defendant. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said, that although the terms of the last plea were such as to excite some merriment, the matter would turn out to be far more serious, and that the defendant would be taught that it was not matter of joke. This was an action for breach of promise of marriage. The plaintiff was a young woman, of the age of twenty, who came forward to co,nplain of the wanton and unprincipled ahan dcnment of a promise calculated at all times to injure the feelings of any woman, and to injure, if not her character, at least her prrepects in lite. He was happy to state that in this case the character of the plaintiff was above suspicion. The parties were both in a respectable station of life. The plaintiff, Miss Pass, was the daughter of a respectable person, formerly in trade as a butcher, at Sheffield, but now the owner of some collieries and land at Pit's•mosr, near that town. The plaintiff was the eldest daughter and was twenty years of age. The defendant was also a young person who * had attained his ma jority in the month of March in this Tear. lie was the son of a late lieutenant in the army. He was in the possession of some property in the East Riding of York, on the sea coast. In the year 1e43, Mr. Pass and his daughter were at Hornsea, where they lodged at the house of a tenant of the defendant. At that time the plaintiff was in her nineteenth year, and a young person of considerable attractions. The plaintiff and defendant walked out together. At. the earnest solicitation of Mrs. Pass, the plaintiff was allowed to remain a fortnight longer, and the defendant went with her to Hull, when she left for horse. In the summer of 1844, the defendant went to Sheffield, and visited some ladies of the name of Oakes, and whilst there he met with the plaintiff's brother, and he expressed a wish to renew his acquaintance with the plaintiff. He afterwards went to the house of the plaintiff's father, where he paid considerable attention to the plaintiff, and eventually promised to marry her when he was twenty-one. He attained his majority on the 9th of March, and appointed the 3d April for the wedding-day. The dresses were ordered. The de fendant wanted to be married in a week. Walked out with her amongst her friends and introduced himself as her future husband, and he asked her uncle to go with the party to church and give the bride away. He then said he would go to see his guardian, and left under the promise to return in a week. He never came back or wrote any explanation of his conduct, but after an absence of some weeks he went to the house of Mrs. Granger, at Sherborne, near York, and when asked to explain his conduct, he either did not or could not do so, but merely said he was much attached to Miss PASS. Mrs. Pass asked him what was the reason for treating her daughter in such a way. He wished to see Miss Pass, but see then refu•ed to see him, and he had the effrontery to tell Mrs. Pass that he positively denied making any promise at all. The mother of the plaintiff and other witnesses were called, who proved the courtship, the promises of the defendant, and the preparations for the wedding. Mr. WATSON addressed the jury for the defence. He con tended that, ahhough the AttegeeyeGeneral had opened the case as one of great ef,YeYity, it was quite clear that no sieth gra.. vity belonged He ridiculed the idea of there having been any le-,,raise made, and appealed to the jury Whether) OVPriif there h a d b een a promise at all, it tea t well that it had not been effected, far it would have been a hasty, ill-conditioned match, made be a mere lad, raw from school. He blamed the father of the plaintiff for not having consulted the defendant's guar than upon the subject, and he thought that eery §light damages would be sufficient to meet the justice of the case. Ineeettle, in summing up, went through the pleas, re , Marking that the defendant had better tint have eheefeed the plaintiff with having extorted the promise by fraud or eosin. And then came that most singular plea of drunkenness-- x plea which, if true, eat not calculated to otalt the enaracier of the defendant, and the feelings of a lady who wisher. to marry a confirmed drunkard could not be very refined, I'M it hap pened that the defendant had not made out his plea. It would be for the jury to decide what damage ought to be awarded, No doubt both plaintiff and defendant were very young; bet there was no proof that the defendant was a fool end did not know what he was about. Verdict for the plaintiff—Damages 2001. (Before Mr. Baron Rotrz.) CHARGE OF AIURDER. —George Ilia, Rged 26, master mariner, was charged with the wilful murder of Ben Jonson, On the high seas, within the jurisdiction of England, on the 2d o May last, by striking, kicking, and throwing him down uponf the deck of a certain vessel, and also by beating him with a rope and a paddle. The prisoner pleaded not guilt y. Mr. Brandt an d Mr. Pagetapp eared forth e prosecution, and Messrs. Wilki ns and J am es for the prisoner. William Angus, the first witness, said.-1 was cooper and seaman on heard the brig Challenge, on a voyage to the coast of Africa from Li verpoo l . I joined her on the co ast, and came home in her. The prisoner was the n captal • On Wed n e s d a y, the I 1 th of Fel:Hilary, e re s se peed •a seaman, h tor nam ed B en Jenson, a kroo-nrin. H e was about twent y - eight t h i rtyh years of age. On, th e n i g h t of the Ist of May, I • captains watch from t we l ve to four o'clock. Tlere w w a :e n also te in the watch Henry H o l mes, t h e second mate, Wna.eL , an apprentice, and the d ecease d . About halt-p ast two o'clock yons the deceased was eitaing on t h e combings of the compani on, just at the top of the co m p an i on ladder. He appeared a tobe n, asleep. I was sitting alongside of the grating, on the star board side, where the man at the wheel stands. I sa w the deceased fall driven stairs. C annot lay what heig ht they are. I heard him s t r ik e tw i ce i n falling. Then the ca ':called out from the cabin, What is that n o i se ?" The second mate then went down stairs, and he called to me to come and pull Ben Jonson up out of that. I did not go, for when I got to the companion, I found Jenson about half way up the ladder, coining up by himself. I laid hold of him by the collar of the jacket, and asked him why he had fallen down there. He rested himself, with his arm upon the top of the companion, ant said I have been too much sleepy. By the jury—He got up himself. By Mr. PAGET—Though I got hold of his collar, I did not give him any assistance. When he rested on the companion he stood upon the deck. I told him to go and lie down along side of the grating on the larboard side; he dui so. William Lyon was at the wheel at the time. The second mate came on the deck immediately after, followed by the prisoner. I was standing on the larboard side at the time. The captain said, where is that fellow now ? I showed him, and the prisoner then went and got a rope which is kept on board for the purpose of flogging with. He then gave Ben a slap with the rope. The deceased wheeled himself right round and tried to get forward. The captain caught him by the back of the jacket and pulled him down on the deck, and commenced beating him with the rope and kicking him with his feet at the same time. This continued for the space of ten minutes or a quarter of an hour. I could see what was going un. The moon was not out, but it was not very dark, and there was a light in the binnacle. See ing the punishment going on, I went away to the starboard side of the quarter-deck, for I could not stand alongside any longer. Heard the prisoner say, " D—n that rope, it is too light to make him rise," and he reached his hand over the grating and got a canoe paddle, with which he commenced beating the de ceased. The paddle was broken. (The pieces were produced with marks of blood on them.) The prisoner heat him on every part, wherever he could get a blow at him, for three or four minutes. I sat down just abaft the mainmast. The cap tain then told me to haul the deceased out of the round-house on the main-deck, and to fetch a bucket of water, which I did I then poured the water on the head of the deceased, by the orders of the captain. The deceased was lying with his face downwards, and blood was sowing from his head or mouth. I heard a gurgling noise in his throat. When the captain gave the deceased the first blow with the rope, he gave a groan, but never spoke afterwards. After the beating, and whilst the deceased was lying ou the quarter-deck, he made a snoring noise as if there was s imething in his nostrils, when the captaill said, " If you lie there snoring, I'll give you some more of it." I afterwards removed the deceased to abaft tae galley by order of the captain. I was relieved from deck at four o'cl , ek, and Came on again about ten minutes past eight. The deceased was then lying at the windlass. I went to the wheel and con tinued there until twelve o'clock. At that time Ben was dead. Shortly after eight o'clock the captain and the chief mate ( Ritson) came on deck, when the captain asked the latter if he heard the noise in the night. The mate said he did, and then the captain asked how Ben felt after his heating. The mate replied that he supposed Ben was dead by that time, and the captain and Ritson went forward. About a quarter-past twelve the deceased was put overboard. Cross-examined by Mr. WI nxiss—The deceased made a tremendous noise in falling. I laid hold of the collar of the deceased's jacket and pulled him up. Part of the paddle was thrown overboard by the captain, but I did not see him do it. Ifave not heard the captain complain over and over again about the paddle being broken. Had no doubt the deceased was dying at the time the captain was beating him. Upon my oath I saw Lyon bring a lamp on deck, but cannot say whether it was Holmes or Lyon who took it to where the deceased was lying. When 1 moved the deceased farther forward I dragged him by his legs. The crew consisted of nine persons. About seven weeks before we reached Liverpool a man stabbed the captain, and he was kept in irons until we got into port, Re-examined—ln pulling up, the deceased gave him little or no assistance. Meant by saying I had no doubt the deceased was dying, that I did think he was dying. Have never seen so thick a rope used in flogging before. Had seen the carpenter, who stabbed the captain, repeatedly flogged previously. I was never flogged by the captain. By the Foreman of !the Jury—The captain had flogged the deceased the night before, to which he made no resistance. The crew also were frequently flogged by the captain without resistance. Cannot say whether the deceased fell down head or feet foremost. Henry Holmes, examined by Mr. BRANDT—Was second mate on board the brig Challenge. Recollects the deceased Ben Jehnson being taken on board. When the deceased reached the top of the stairs on the night in question, he rested on the top of the companion for a few moments, and then laid down on the deck. Shortly afterwards the captain came up, took up a rope, and commenced flogging the de ceased. At intervals the deceased screamed out. The captain brat him for about ten minutes, and then seemed to be tired, and said the rope was too light. He then took hold of a paddle, and beat the deceased with it. He struck him re peatedly about the head and shoulders. The deceased was in a stooping position, and ran against me with his head. The prisoner got hold of the deceased, dragged him back, and again comm need beating him. The deceased left a mark of blood on my trousers, where he had run against me. Lyons was then at the wheel, but he was sent down into the cabin by the cap tain to fetch the lamp. lie remained some time below, when the captain told him to hurry up, or he would warm hire also. When the lamp was brought up I examined the deceased. The head and face were covered with blood, anti there was a large quantity of blood on the deck. The no e was cut through, anti also the lip, and there was a wound like a stab on the throat, under the jaw. His hair was clotted with blood. The captain sow him at the time. He then called to Angus to take him away, and throw .some water on him, which lie did, and also washed the thick blood off the deck. Saw the deceased a little after eight o'clock lying abreast of the galley. He appeared only to be ju,t alive. They went to the fore-top, and from thence saw the cook and captain give the deceased something out t , f a cup with a spoon. Cross•ezamined—The deceased hail been in the habit of falling asleep whilst on watch. The deceased was going up stairs slowly because be hed his trousers banging about his heels. Some of the crew were the best behaved in the world, and cannot assign any reason for tne captain flogging them. • William Lyons, apprentice on board the brig Challenge, corroborated the evidence of the two last witnesses, except that he did not see the paddle used. lie added that the deceased died about eleven o'clock, previous to which he gave him a little water four times, and the captain administered some spirits of hartshorn. mixed with water. By the J Des —When the deceased tame up out of the cabin there was no b:ood or cuts abut his face that I saw. Did not ask .whether he had hurt himself. He did not say anything. Saw some spots of blood on the top steps of the companion stairs. William Ritson examined—l was chief mate on board the Challenge. Heard the noise on the night in question, but did not come on deck until four o'clock. Shortly after, in consequence of what Hughes said to me, went and found the deceased lying between the main hatch and the galley, on the larboard side. I looked at him, but could not see what was the matter, as it was not daylight. Spoke to him, but received no answer. When it became daylight, about half past five, went to him again. Found his face cut. He was lying amongst a great deal of bloral. His nose was cut in two, and the wound extended into his cheek. One part of the nose was about half an inch from the other. The upper lip was cut, and there were two cuts in the throat —one, a kind of stab, about half an inch long, appeared to have been done with a rough instrument of some sort. It might have been inflicted with the sharp end of a paddle. Removed the deceased to a dry part of the deck, and turned him on his side, when a great quantity of blood came out of his left ear. He could not speak then. Saw him again a little after ti o'clock. The captain then came on deck, and asked me how Ben was after his rope's-ending. I told him I did not know; he was lying on the forecastle. He went and looked at him, and then came hack, and said Ben's nose was cut or broken in two. We both went forward to look at him, and the prisoner sent m e f or some F ryar ' s b alsam to app l y to his nose, which I fetched. I then went to bed. About half-past I t the captain came and told me Ben was dead. Saw him at 11 o'clock. The captain then said, "We must bury Ben." I said we had better examine him first. then examined him. The prisoner was present. I said I thought the bone at the back of his neck w as a goo d d ea l hi g h er t h an my own, but. I did not know whether I wao built the same way as black fellows or not. The prisoner felt the bone. I said Ben had broken hia neck. Then the prisoner called Phillips, the cook, and the cooper to examine the neck. Phillips said his neck was not broken, and the bone was no bigger than his own. The prison , r said the reason why he wished the bone examined Wil3 because some of the people might call hint up fir it in Liverpool, and say he had killed Ben. He was thrown overboard about one o'clock. Made an entry in the log book from a copy given to me on a slate by the captain. Wrote down a statement on the slate, and had copied the first three lines in the log, when the captain came to me, took the slate from me, and rubbed off my statem en t, an d wrote anot h er o f his own on the slate, which . he told me to copy i nto the log-book. Cross- examined--1 . he capt a i n never threatened to disrate me, and has never said so. We were in 32 deg. 33 min. N. latitude at the tittle.' I could not see the blood when 1 first came on deck. There was as much blood as covered one side of the deck fore and aft. There was as much clotted blood as would fill both hands three times over, besides what others had thrown overboard. jThe entry in the log was then read. h a tt r ib u t e d th e cause of the deceased's death to having fallen down the cabin stairs and broken his neck, and stated that the bone had protruded ] Mr. Francis Archer, surgeon, stated that in his opinion the injuries described were . sufficient to ca u se d ea th. H a d t h e deceased injured the spine or dislocates! the neck, the body below the part would have been paralysed, so that he could not have walked up stairs. The brain might have been injured so as to produce death in a few hours, and yet he might have walked on deck. Had the brain been injured by the fall the treatment he afterwards receised would have accelerated his death. Mr. WstAtiNs addressed the fury on behalf of the prisoner. His Lonn , stsr summed up, observing that the inquiry was a very important one, both as regarded the prisoner and the public. The jury would have to say whether they believed the statements of the several witnesses, and, if so, whether the act of the prisoner am ounte d to murder or mans l aug h ter . Af ter pointing out the legal distinction between the two offences, his Lordship proceeded to analyse the evidence. He remarked on several discrepancies in the s testimoney of the several witnesses, anti iieretal eirCittnstancts in the details of their cenduct which it seemed difficult to ace cunt for. He observed, in the entry in the log the first three lines were said to have been written without any interference of the captain, and which was totally different from the statement now made by the witnesses Angus, Lyon, evidence, and H o l mes , from whose re l at i on t h e mate must h ave originally compil e d i t. I t was di ffi cu l t a l so to account f or t h e entry by the mate of w h at he now said was a f a l se statement i n the v d e log, hc or to su ggest him to do so. Hi s Lordship, after go i ng m i nute l y t h roug h t h e e, pointin g ue,t a motive of sufficient weight to induce g out ip the bearingsthevar h io a u n s dsof t j for and w who, after prisoner, lef t t h e ca con.m!tation of nearly two hours, brought in a verdict of Guilty of Matislatighter, in the The u prisoner, on being called on by the Clerk of the Crown said—lt appears to me that anything I can no* ray %tilt have very little avail, but I will say this much, that so far from being guilty relative to the crime of which I ' am charged, I am A 3 innocent as any person now present. llis Ltial"fr, in passing sentence on the prisoner, said that the jury, after a most careful elimination of the case, had come to the . conclusion th at he was gu il ty o f t h e o ff ence o f man slaughter though they were of opinion he did not in tend. to take away t h e l i fe of the un f ortunate man, i t was im r°"ll4° to honk upon the case as other than one of the worst that ever came before a 4:atirt. It had been said that the whole of the evidence adduced was the result of a conspiracy, and lie (the prisoner) had declared he was entirely innocent. The truth of that asseveration was known to God and his own con science, but if it were so, there had that slay been exhibited a scene of wickedness unpara ll e l e d its a court of justice. His Lordship then proceeded to pas; on the prisoner the sentence of transportation for ' I T " ! - - csll ' •'en was indicted for CHARGE OV MURDERL'Utriu. • na ,;t 4 °n . , in the month of Juno last. the murder of Mi c h ae l Duffy, r.t War,. Mr. James and Mr, J. Pollock conducted tn,. . the prisoner was not defended by'coonse!. It appeared that the deceased was a chair...mender, livii„ Warrington. On the tiith of June kit, being Sunday, he was at a public house there, called the White Bull, where he met a party of his acquaintan ces, consisting of a Mrs. Connor, Joseph William s , M rs. William' s (his wife), Mary Flannagan, Jerry Dagnall, and James Maloney, all of whom were wit nesses on the present occasion. They had a good deal of ale together, but were net, it would appear, at all intoxicated. Patrick O'Brien, with another man, was sitting at the other side of the room ; bat, so far as appeared, had no quarrel with soy of the party accompanying the deceased. They left the public-house about half-palt eleven o'clodc, and went to the • prosecution ; at house of Mts. Connor, where several of the party lived. Patrick O'Brien ►eft at the same time, and W4S heard by Williams to say he would have a revenge of some one before he slept. A little after he was at the door of a person called Mrs. Gill, and was endeavouring to bargain with her for lodg ing for the night, but was refused. He was then seen by one Bryan Duffy, a relative of the dec,ased, who was passing along the street. He came up to Duffy, and putting his hand on his shoulder, said, "Is that you ?" Duffy said it was, and O'Brien, after looking earnestly at hint, went away in the direction of Mrs. Connor's. lie had then a brick or stone in his hand. It appeared from the statement of sever,l of the prty who had gttre to Mrs. Connor's, that shortly after they had entered the house it was agreed to send for some more ale, and the male portion of the party went. away to fetch half-a-gallon. While they were absent Patrick O'Brien came into the house, and asked for a light for his pipe. It was given to him,and he then asked if he could beg a pipe. Mrs. Connor said she neither sold nor lent pipes, and bade him go about his business. He said, " I am not c me as a spy, Mrs. Connor," and went away. When the ale was brought they sat down to drink it, and some time after Williams and the deceased, Michael Duffy, went out into the street. Williams was standing close to the door and the deceased was four or five yards off him, when the same Patrick O'Brien, whom they had seen at the public-house came up with a brick or stone in his ha,d, and corning within a couple of yards of the deceased, hit him IA ith it on the fore head and felled him to the ground. He then ran away. Duffy was assisted into the house, and it was found that he had re ceived a severe cut on the temple, which was bleeding freely. He erasable to be about, and engaged in his usual occupations •for about a week, though complaining of much pain, but he then got worse, and finally died. On a post mortem examina tion, it was found that there was a fracture of the skull and an effusion of blood on the brain, which had caused his death. The Patrick O'Brien of whom the witnesses spoke had been employed at some chemical works near Warrington, and had been preciously known by sight to nearly all the witnesses, though none of them had been on intimate terms with him. One, who heed in the Angel-yard, at Warrington, had seen him very frequently some months before this occurrence, as he was in the habit frequently of calling at a house in the same yard. They all, however, seemed now to be doubtful of his identity, and the prisoner declared he was not Patrick O'Brien, but that his name was Lea, and that at the time of this occur rence he was in Ireland. They said that they thought the prisoner was the man, but they could not be certain, as his appearance was in many respects different. The person who committed the assault on the deceased had large sandy whiskers, and his hair, they thought, was thicker in the front, while the person now at the bar had his whiskers close shaved, and his hair was thin on the forehead, apparently from natural baldness. The prisoner had been apprehended and lodged in Cavan gaol, in consequence of an advertisement and descrip tion in the Hue and Cry. Bryan Duffy, one of the witnesses, was sent for, and on the prisoner being placed before him, in company with several others, selected him as the individual whom he had seen in the streets of Warrington on the night in question. The pris ner was finally acquitted. CHARGE OF MURDER ON THE HIGH SEAS. —Michael Moore was indicted for the wilful murder of John Campbell 04 the high seas. Jr.A Blair and Mr. Drinkwater conducted the prosecution ; Mr. Atkinson was assigned as counsel for the defence. The deceased, John Campbell, was, it appeared, boatswain of a ship called the Mountaineer, which on the 29th of March last sailed from New Orleans, on her voyage to the port of Liverpool. The prisoner shipped at New Orleans as an able• seaman. On the 14th of April the vessel was getting clear of the Gulph of Florida. The mate's watch had been sat to work about 1 o'clock of the afternoon of that day. It consisted of 11 men, including the prisoner and the deceased. About 2 o'clock the mate, the deceased, and another sailor were engaged on the forecastle, getting the anchor on the rail. The mate was standing on the rail, and the deceased was about a yard behind him. The prisoner was near the windlass. Mr. Barrow, the mate, heard the de ceased cry out, " Look out, Mr. Barrow." He half turned round and looked up aloft, where some of the watch were employed, when he received a push on the back, he did not at the moment see from whom, which threw him over the rail, but falling across the flying jib guy, he succeeded in recovering himself. On looking round, he saw the prisoner running past the windlass end towards the starboard side of the ship. He followed and seized him. He was not at that time aware the boatswain had been injured; but on returning towards the forecastle he found him being assisted by two men aft, and on examination it appeared he had received a stab in the belly in the region of the stomach, from which blood and froth were oozing. Near the spot where the deceased had been working was found a knife which belonged to the pri soner. It was a clasp knife, with a blade about four inches long, which was covered with blood. The prisoner on being asked in the presence of the deceased what could have indiaced him to do such an act, said he was quite satisfied with what he had done, and wished he had done it before. The deceased said he felt he was dying, and begged them not to hurt the prisoner, saying, '° I forgive him, and I hope God will." He died about seven in the evening. It appeared from the further examination of the several witnesses, that the prisoner had had no quarrel either -with the deceased, the mate, or any of the crew. He was a good seaman, and had done his duty well. A day or two after he left New Orleans he was in conversa tion with the mate, and said he was very sorry he ever came on board the ship. The mate asked him why, and he said the crew were in a plot to throw him overboard. The mate asked him which of the crew, and he said he did not know. The mate endeavoured to eradicate this idea from his mind, but he several times repeated the same expressions both to him and other members of the crew. The day before this occurrence he saw the deceased and another sailor reading the Bible, and he said they were swearing the crew to throw him overboard. It appeared from the testimony of the surgeon of the gaol under whose care the prisoner had been after he was committed for trial on the arrival of the vessel in Liverpool, that the prisoner complained of pain in his head, and seemed incoherent in his conversation. He said he had had the yellow fever at New Orleans. From what the medical man observed in several long conversations with him he thought the prisoner was suffering under sub-acute inflammation of the brain, and prescribed for him accordingly. While he was under medical treatment he seemed reserved, and rather avoided the notice of the surgeons, but appeared anxious to be discharged from the hospital. He seemed much better in consequence of the medical treatment. --Acquitted, on the ground of insanity. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. OLI) coußi. (Before Mr. Baron PLATT). ST E•LING FROM THE CU ITOM-HOUSE.L-- William Strick• land, aged 37, victualler, Edward Lewis, ironmonger, 37, Ifri".. Bans Bonham, 36, coal•dealer, and Henry Osborne, 38, victualler, were placed at the bar, the three first indicted for stealing five watches, the property of Joseph Savory and another, and the latter for feloniously receiving the same, knowing them to have been stolen. The Attorney-General, Mr. Bodkin, Mr. Clarkson, and Mr. Ballantine were for the prosecution; Mr. Sergeant Jones, Mr. Prendergast, Sir. Hurlstone, and Mr. Wylde for the defence. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL opened the case by detailing the circumstances, which would be afterwards proved by witnesses. The box, containing the five watches, had been addressed to Bombay, and before it was shipped it was examined at the duck, and then resoldered. Afterwards, however, it had been re-opened, and these watches abstracted. Two years having elapsed, the Messrs. Savory were informed by the corres pondent wh o h a d rece i ve d t h e case t h at suc h a l ess had been sustained. Liquifies were made as to who had been o n dir. Robinson,utyonthef.3d clerk jly, andtloB4A2l,essr. s s the prisoners and Co., being rove impli cated were indicted f or th e o ff ence . p d that a case, marked A. B. S. in a diamond, had been for warded to Bombay, and that it ought to have contained the watches which had been afterwards stolen. Ile had himself seen them safely packed, and the case taken to the duck, in order to be shipped on board the Coromandel. Edward Scanlan was a searcher in the Customs, and in June, 1842, was stationed at the West India Dock. On the 23,1 of that month ac was on duty and received a case in tie S e archers'-office. The case was marked A. rt. S., in a dia mond. The case was to have been shipped by the Coromandel. He examined the case, and it contained the watches stolen. Th e case was examined in presence of two clerks and ire watchmen. Mr. Robinson was recalled to identify the watches stolen. He did so by the number and the maker's name. Mr. Savory—ln 1842 had an order from Bombay, which he understood to be executed. Subsequently he had a com munication from India, and sent out five watches instead of five watches he supposed to have been stolen Henry Richard Turner was a Custom-house weigher, and was on duty at the ".'est India Docks, in June, 1842, as searcher's cooper. He had received that appointment on the lit of the month. Bonham and Lewis were also coopers in that same month. They were stationed in a portion of the shed No. I, which was appropriated to the use of the searchers and their men. That was the regular station, but they went through the ducks in the course of their business. The duty of the coopers was to open any packages by direction of the searchers and to fasten them afterwards, He remembered a case being brought there in the middle of the month, but he did not know who attended the examination. He did not. He remembered coming in one day and finding the cue open, and Lewis and Bonham putting the lid on again. The case was of fir externally and lined with tin inside. One of them said, " Come, Harry, lend us a hand." Strickland was outside at the time. Strick land was the shipping officer. He ( witness) did assist in driving the screws in like nails, not screwing them in. It was then delivered to the Dock Company. It would then be Strickland's duty to get a receipt from them for its safe delivery. He ( witness) thought that Lewis and himself put the case outside. When he returned he saw Strickland with the others, and he had a parcel in his hand containing five watches (one gold and four silver watches) A consultation took place as to what should be done with them. One said sell them. Strickland said he should like to keep the gold one, but this would not be agreed to. Witness and Lewis then went to a Jew, named Moss, and he afterwards, on the next day, came to the dock. He believed that for that night the watches were kept in Strickland's desk. He saw Lew is also with the package, or what he thought to be such. Moss came down on the following day and the watches were produced to him. lie offered 16/. for them, but that sum would not be given. He was asked 201. and Lewis went with him to a plate he de scribed, but afterwards came back, not having agreed to the purchase. In the course of the week Strickland produced 151., and gave each of them (that was Lewis, I *slum and viitness) 51. He (witness) afterwards heard from Lewis that the watches had been " rechristened," and sold by Strickland among his own relations in the Isle of Wight. Cross-examined by Mr. PRENDERGAST—It was not an un frequent occurrence to d r ink brandy and water in the dock. He did not expect to see watches, but he did not express his sur prise. It was not a sense of duty that prompted him to be quiet. It was the very opposite. It was the first transaction he w as connected with of the kind. Ho was suspended on Nichol son's wharf for stealing wine. He knew a Mrs. Eastmeer anti received 5/. from her in consequence of a letter he sent to her husband, who was a landing-waiter at the Customs. To questions from the Learned JUDGE, the witness ex pressed that he was suspended in consequence of what he did in following up the instructions of Mr. Eastmeer. As he had lost his pay during that period, Mr. Eastmeer promised bins W., and that was the money alluded to. He knew of an artificial flower which he was charged with stealing, but which was actually presented by a Mr. Austin. He was never dismissed from the spirit proof room at the docks. knew a person of the name of Samuels. Had had dealings with him as well as with Moss in spirits and cigars. By the COURT—lie had no recollection of having had busi ness transactions with any other tradesmen besides Samuels and Moss. Henry Laycock, apprentice to Mr. Wale, a tin plate worker, was employed to solder down the box. After fiinishing the work t e was sent by Strickland (tie was positive it was Strick land), to Blaekwall for some shrimps, on the promise of having some brandy and water. He left his tools behind him iu the dock. He believed that Lewis and Bonham were there. After -ning he got two glasses of brandy and water, and he that the persons there were the three prisoners and tha thouwhs man Turner. (it's employer was called to confirm his evi . The ,last,witos. 'to his apps entice coming home rather dente. He deposes. - 'le, when employed by the Custom tipsy. He never in his • case, left his tools behind him. house to unsolder or resolder . "eat an iron after once ex- It would take twenty minutes $4 tinguishing the fire. William Skinner, appointer of we44ers , t the Weitisadia _,~; Docks did, in the month of lune, 1842 : appoint Turner, Brenham, and Lewis to No. 1 shrd in the export. dot.k. They were on duty that day from eight to four. Strickland was one of the shiplii.g officets for that day, and he was on du y, as appeared by his signature. R. Stephenson, in the service of the East and West India Dock Company, received three ca. ,, s, marked A R S in a dia mond, No, 1,2, anti 3, Then were sent to No. 1 dock. Thomas Hutchings shipped them on the 28th, He believed they remained two or three (lays in sh, d No. 2. John Haynes deposed that he was an inspeetor of police, anti had been for some time employed be the Custom House to endeavour to discover the stolen watches. and in AuguA last, in consetpience of informaton he received from a 1 , Q -30t1 named Yeomo•na, he went to the house of the , efer,dattt Osborn, who keeps the Crooked Billet pubic-house, in Tower-hid. He went into the bar-parlour with him, and told him he had come upon very unpleasant bu -loess, and that he hid a search warrant, which he showed him. He had before this told him who he was, and gave him his card. Haviiig cautioned him a, to what answers he might give, ke asked him whether he 114.(1 not seld a watch two or three years ago, to a person named Yeomens, and he said he had. ile then admitted that he had the fellow watch to it, and cave it to him, and he afterwtirds gave him a god watch Witness told him he hoped he wruld be able to give a satisfactory account hew he became possessed of these watches, and he said he had boughs tise of them of a man who used the bou.e he formerly kept, the Lamb in Lamn's Conduit-street; a 'd in answer to questions he said he did not know his name, nor where he lied. Witness asked the de scription of the man, and he said he would consider about Riving that. He then asked what he hal done with the other two, and he replied he had sold one to his solicitor, Mr. Taylor, and he did not think he had more than four. Witness asked him whether it was not an extraordinary thing for a publican to have possession of five watches, worth 401. or 501., under such c.r cumstances, anti he said they were brought to his Louse to be raffled for. After this Osborn said he had no doubt he should be able to find the man in the course of a day or two. Witness afterwards apprehended Strickland, and as he was going out of the house, he told his wife to send to Osborn and tell him to take care of himself. Having placed the prisoner Strickland in the station-house, he proceeded to the house of Osborn, and finding he was not home, he.went back to Strickland's, and found Osborn then-, and he said he had been sent for in a great hurry by Mrs. Strickland, and he then took him into custody. Cross-examined—A reward of 501. was offered, but this was not so much to discover the offenders as to obtain a clue to the watches. He always knew who the thieves were, but they could not do anything in the matter without obtaining posses sion of the watches. Osborn admitted at once that he had sold a watch to Mr. Yeomens, and also to Mr. Taylor, and the initials of himself and his wife we-e upon the watches in their respective use. The Crooked Billet which he at present occupies is a large and respectable establishment. Mary Barker was the next witness—She merely proved that in the course of the year 1842 she saw several watches in the possession of Osborn in his parlour, and that he said they had been left with him for sale. Mr. James Yeomens proved that he had purchased one of the silver watches that had been produced sod identified, of the defendant Osborn. lie said, the transaction took place quite openly, and the defendant asked and received the full value of the article, viz., five guineas. This was the case for the prosecution. The Learned Counsel f,ir those of the defendants who were charged as principals, then addressed the jury for their respective clients, and contended that the evidence of the approver, tainted as he was with crime, was quit,. unworthy of belief, and that the jury ought not to einvict any man upon such testimony. Mr. Sergeant JONES made a very able address to the jury on behalf of his client, who was charged as the receiver. The wh• le of his conduct showed that he had acted perfectly inno cently during the whole transaction. A great many highly respectable witnesses were called to speak to the character of the defendants, all of whom received a most excellent character for honour and integrity. No less than twenty-four wittiesses were examined on behalf of the defendant Osborn. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL replied. Mr. Baron PLATT summed up, and the jury returned a ver• dict of Nut Guilty. NE W CO RT. (Before the COMMON SFRGEANT.) A powerful young man, named Michael Carroll, about :30 or 35 years of age, was indicted for feloniously killing or slay- James Bristow, by striking him on the head with an iron poker, and inflicting an injury whereof he lingered and d ed. Air. it binson, in the absence of :11 r. Clarkson, defended the prisoner. From the evidence of a number of witricsses, it was proved that the prisoner, who is a labourer, working at St. Mary, Stratford, had a quarrel, on the morning of the 10th of August, about one o'clock, with another labourer named Williams, which, after an exchange of Ilan' words, terminated in a tight. Several persons of Williams' party came to his assistance, and amongst them the prisoner suffered a see. re beating. As soon as he could get away he went in seareh of a weapon, and having procured a poker, he returned to the scene of action, loudly vowing vengeance. Thus armed and raging, he walked about for some time brandishing the poker, until the unfortunate deceased, who was pea .eably going home, and had nothing whatever to do with Carroll or the previous row, came in the infuriated man's way, and was struck twice upon the head with the poker. Of these waunds he died at eight o'clock on the same morning. . . . The jury fo - und the prisoner Guilty. The Comment SERGHANT, in sentencing the prisoner to seven years' transportation, expressed his opinion that he ought to have been indicted for wilful murder. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. B:i1V-ST REE A TzmYrALLER. —JamesWhilton;nd William Cooper were charged with being drunk and disorderly, and the latter, also, with assaulting a policeman. It appeared from the statements of policemen 154 and 33 of the E divi•inn, that the two pri soners were fighting in Alfred-street, Tottenham-court-road, and the witnesses interfering, the prisoner Cooper struggled violently, and knocked 33 down several times. The other pri soner made no resistance, but went quietly to the station-house with 154. The prisoner Cooper said that he had made a " wow" six months ago, which he had carried out by abstaining from " strong drink of every kind" until Saturday night, when the term of the said " wow" expired, and he took advantage imme diately of his liberation from the self-imposed bond. Not being used to the effects of " ticker," he did not know what was enough for him, and was overcome before he was aware of it. Mr. Twv FORD said that the confinement of last night was a sufficient punishment for the prisoner Whitton , (who had no. assaulted the policeman), but he would tine the prisoner Cooper 51. for the ass.ult on the constable, and, in default of payment, commit him to prison for one month. MARKET NE v 4 !.-(YESTERDAY. CORN—EXCHANGE. During the week ending on Saturday evening the receipts , of Wheat of home produce were, the time of year considered, good, they having exceeded 11,100 quarters, chiefly from Essex. Kent, and Cambridgeshire. Fresh up only a mode rate quantity come to hand, yet the stands were again rather heavily filled with samples, which principally consisted of unsold qualities, but which were in good condition. In ad dition to the arrivals above noticed, there were on offer about. seventy quarters of NEW English Wheat, the principal portion of which was—as was the case on this day se'nnight —brought forward by Mr. William Blewitt, of Rainham, Essex. Respecting the general quality of this Wheat, we have to observe that it was good—much better, indeed, than most parties were prepared to expect. The whole found buyers. at prices varying from 60s to 65s per quarter. Notwithstanding the accounts which have reached us to-day from the northern districts are not quite so favourable as could be wished, though in some of the forward counties several patches of land have been cleared of thin +.heata, the demand for nearly every description of Wheat of home pro duce was in a sluggish state. Ilewever, the finest parcels were mostly disposed of at prices about equal to those paid on Monday last. But to effect a clearance of other kinds, a slight depression in the quotations must have been sub mitted to. The weather ti,-day, tleaigh warm, was somewhat changeable, yet it must be considered favowabl: , to the crops. The imports of foreign Wheat have been on a very moderate scale. As most of the importers are looking forward to a further decline in the duty on that article, very few parcels have been entered for home consumption since our last. This morning the quantity on offer was pot large, but fully equal to the wants of the dealers. Selected parcels sold at previous rates; but other kinds, although they could not be considered cheaper, were very inactive. Nearly the whole of the parcels lately received from Australia - have been taken out of bond. Corn under lock was extremely inactive, yet the raes may be considered about statienary. The show of English Barley was very small ; but a few par cels have reached us from Ireland. The show of foreign was moderate. For nearly every 'kind of Barley, but more parti cidarly for grinding sorts, the sale was firm, and last week's figures were well supported. Although the supply of Malt ' exhibited a trifling increase, superfine season-made qualities soldfreely, at extreme figures. In other kinds a fair amount of businesS was doing, at previous quotations. From Ireland, as well as from foreign parts, we have received rather an extensive supply of Oats. _ This, had a depressing influence upon the trade, and in some instances the prices had a down ward tendency. Beans were a slow sale, but not cheaper. White Peas were in good request, at fully ast week's prices; but other kinds were much neglected. The Flour trade was dull, at barely our quotations. The few parcels of new Seeds on offer met a slow sale. In other kinds little was doing. CURRENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE Wheat, Essex & Kent, Malt—Chevalier. 63s to 645 Red • • Ditto, White. ••• • . 5411 65s Lincolnsh., Feed. 22s 23s Norfolk and Lin, Potattoe .• •.••• • • • 22. 24. coin, Red.• •.. 48s Ms Youghm• and Cork, Ditto, White ••• • .. 54s 63s - Black. •• • 20s 21s Irish, Red ••• • • • —a —a Cork, White ... • • 2ls 23s Ditto, White •••• . • —s —s • Scotch, Feed. • 20s 22s Rye—Ohl .••••• • • • • • • —a —s Beans—Tick . •• • • 3Gs 405 N ew . 30s 32s Pigeons •• • • 38s 435 Barley—Grinding. •• .. 25s 275 Pease—Grey. •••• • • .• 385 40s Malting .•• • • 30s 33s Maple . ..... 38s 43s Chevalier .••• • • • • 345 —8 White ........... 36s 39 s NLRB—Suffolk and Nor- Boilers ....• •• . • 40s 43s folk •• • • ..... Ms 595 Flour—Town-made .• • 42s 49s Brown .••. • . . 52s 58s Suffolk Kingston and Ware 58s 63a Stoektn & Norfolk 36s 40s FOREIGN GRAIN AND FLOUR IN BOND. Wheat—Dantzic ••• • • • 46s to 48s Beans • . Ilamburgh • • 37s 42s Pease Barley Oats -New • l9s 2Ia I Baltic ... •••• • • • • 195 215 Feed SMITHFIELD. Since this day se'nnight the imports of live stock from abroad for our markets have consisted of 43 oxen and cows, together with 100 sheep, 20 lambs, and 6 calves, per the Neptune and John Bull, from Hamburgh ; as also 113 beasts, 60 sheep, 20 lambs, and 14 calves, per the Batavier, Ocean, and William Jolliffe, from Rotterdam. The Batavier leaving encountered a terrific storm on her passage, 26 of the oxen on board of her were smothered—the remainder being so much injured that they were killed on being landed. Such was the bad state in which this stock was landed, that the beasts were scarcely worth I/. per head. To day, we had on offer 50 beasts and 60 sheep, chiefly from Holland. As they were of very inferier quality, they commanded very little attention, and were disposed of at miserably low figures. Our letters from Hamburgh and Rotterdam :tate that the prices of live stock there are considerably on the increase, with every prospect of a further advance in them. The ar rivals at Hull have amounted to 126 sheep and 200 sheep, chiefly from Rotterdam. Compared with those on Monday last, the number of beasts from our own districts here to- day, were on the decrease, and of but middling quality, though there were some well matte-up animals amongst them Although the Beef trade was by no means ac tive, the primest Scots sold steadily, at prices quite equal to those paid last week—the middling and ii feri.o kinds moving off slowly at barely late rates. From Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, arid Cambridge.3lfire, we re ceived 800 Scots, Short-horns, and Hoinebreds ; from the northern grazing districts, 400 Short-horns; from the western and midland counties, 500 Herefords, Runts, Devons, Irish beasts, &c. ; front other parts of England, 600 of various kinds; and from Scotland. 290 Horned and Polled Scots— the remainder of the supply being chiefly derived front the neighbourhood of the metropolis. The numbers of Sheep were small for the time ofyear ; yet they were frilly adequate to meet the wants of the buyers. For the wittiest old D o wns, which were scarce, the demand was steady, at full prices; but all other kinds were heavy, and the turn lower. The suppl y of Lambs was somewhat on the increase, owing to which the Lamb trade ruled dull, at barely the late de- p , e,,,:0n in tho cFotatiotis. C; lives were in moderate - supply ice. Prime small Pigs ard h , :avy sold freody. Otherwise the f'ork trade was dull. From !ilk the ofrEil. I re!and NV .. O had nearly 200 on 01 Per slbs. to S. d. s. d S. 4. to s. 2 8 3 0 ' " ,..2c cnd quality ditto 310 4 4 lnf :rior Pcusts 1it14,. 3 2 3 4 J Coarse-ivoolljthiitto 4 6 4 8 Prime lurk Oxen.. 3 6 310 I : ,I , , utlidovni \l'ethers 410 5 0 I'Clllll. `'COtS 4 0 4 2 I Ditto out ot the wool Large coarse Calves 3 6 4 2 Large Ilogs •• • 3 0 3 Prim, small ditto .. 4 4 4 8 Small Porkers •• . • 310 4 4 Suckling ('alves, .18 0 29 0 I Quarter old l'igs ..111 0 20 0 raerlor Sheep • • . 3 4 3 8 Lambs .......... 4 S 8 8 SUPPLY AT MARKET. fleasts. `!;rep. 1 25.87 , 0 " 2 1 1 v 1". P 3 i f)0 . 3,175 NEV.rGii.T.LI ALT') MEATIENZIALL. The arrivals of slang:it ered Meat from Scotland and various parts of England since this day se'rnight have been some what on the inerepse, :•nd of fair average quality, while the supplies killed in the mn tropolis hare proved larger than for some time past. The general demand is. consequently, in a sluggish state, anti in some instances the quotations have A downward tendercy. In additi , n to the arrivals given in our annexed tabular statement, about. 400 carcases of Lambs have re!clied us from the country. About 20 carcases of Dutch Beasts, and 100 carcases of Sheep have been sold-- the former at from 3s to 3s 2d, the latter 3s ed to 412 d per 811) ; their quality was by no means first-rate. At per stone, by the Carcase. s. d. to s. d. ; 4. d. to s. d. Beef. Inferior.— 2 6 2 Mutton, inferior •• 3 4 310 middling • ... 210 3 0 ; middling• • 4 0 4 4 • prime large .. 3 2 3 4 ; prime .• .. 4 6 4 8 prime small .. 3 6 3 8 i Pork, large 2 8 310 Veal.• ••• • • • 3 8 4 8 small ••••• • • • 4 0 4 4 Lamb. 4s 8d to 5s Rd. ARRIVALS DURING THE PAST WEEK. Beasts Sheep Calves Pigs. Scotland ........................ 16 300 250 Yorkshire .• • • . • • • .............. 20 320 300 Lincolnshire 30 0 Nortblk 5 20 30 Suffolk Cambridgeshire .• •• .. ...• ••• • .. 24 50 20 90 60 1013 Surrey ••• • •• •••••••• • • • • • •• • 28 120 100 lfrO Devonshire •. • ............... _ 30 iViltshire . 50 130 AO SA Other parts .• .• •••• .• • •••• • • • . 80 200 100 120 Total 283 1,300 3to 1,050 Previous week's arrival ...... 184 1,010 280 720 - - - - Difference since our last • • • • 99 290 60 330 ITOROUGH HOP MARKET. The accounts which have reached us from the plantations, though somewhat contradictory, are to the effect that the appearance of the Line is by no means flattering. A falling off in the produce is pretty generally acknowledged ; hence • the demand is somewhat active, and last week's improvement in the quotations is supported. The duty has fallen _ i t°, 165,0001. and 175,000/. Sussex Pockets 5/8 3 t o 61 ; IK , of Kent ditto, 5! 85 to 61; Mid Kent ditto, 51 123 to 8/; P 6 '" Kent ditto, 6/10s to 9! Ps. HOROUGH AND SPITALPIELDS. The accounts fium many parts of the country relative to the Potatoe crop being of an unfavourable character, holders ;I ' are evincing more firmness, notwithstanding the supplies are extensive, and, in si_me instenccs, the finest samples of Pots* toes have produced a trifle more money. The present rates vary from 31 103 to 61 fis per ton. WOO/. VIII.R.KMIN During the week to imports of Wool have been unusually small. Although the supplies of both English and foreign on offer in the private contract market are extensive, the de mand cuntinues active, at extreme rates of currency. TALL There is no further improvement to notice in the price of Tallow either on the spot or for forward delivery. The de mand is very good, and the stock small for the time of year. The shipments at St. Peter: burgh are progressing at abou t the same rate as last year ; 6,396 casks have been dispatched to London up to the 16:h inst., of which there are 2,7 19 casks to arrive. At the above date, prices there were fon and steady. Town Tallow is 41s to 4ls 6d net cash. COAL PfLAR,XET. -•-- r -- --- Prices per ton at the close of the market :—Adair's 14a; Iltuhtle': , West Ilarzlq, 163 9d ; Chester Main, 159.3 d; Misting's Itatley, 16s 6,1; ilolywell Main, 163 6,1; Nelsons West Hartley. 16s Gd; New Tantield, 141 ; Ord's Red heugh, 14s; Rayensworth'a West Hartley, 163 6cl; Stewart'', Ilarth y, 153 ; Tanfield Moor, 16s; Townley, 15s; West Hartley, lis :3(1 ; Wylam. 15s ; Walls End Bewick Co., 17s ; Eden Main. 17s; Walls End Belmont. 175 3 d, Walls E d Braddyll's Helton, 18s 3d ; Walls End Ilettoer 183 ; rlis End Lainliton, 18s; Walls End Pembertal 16s 9.1; Wails End Russell's Hetton, l7s 9d ; Walls Eel Stewart's 183 3d ; Walls End Shotton, 17s 9d ; Walls EDT Nelloe, 17s 9d ; Walls End A•telaide Tees, 18s ; Walls ED° Even wood,l6s 6d ; Walls End S aith Durham, 17s 6d ; End Tees, 18s ; Walls End West Tees, 16s 6.1; I.langenneo' 22a; and Sidrey's Hartle , , 17s. `hips arrived, 89. [ kDVERTISENIENT —GENERAL ,JOSE GONZALO° CURED or A RAE) LEO BY HOLLOWAY'S PILLS AND 020; MENT.—The General som e ti me ago rece i ve d a g un -010 wound in the leg s which, from ne g l e ct an d f a ti g u e , assu med ~ alarming appearance, there being a sudden outburst of s eveT ulcer-, and, for a time, mortification was seriously apprehende a j in this alarming sta te t h e amputation o f t h e li m b was dee o 7,, as absolutely neces s a r y. Th e G enera l, h owever , unw illing,' sacrifice his leg, dismis se d hi s d oc t ors , an d se t a b ou t oil nothing else but Holl owa y' s Oi n t men t an d Pill s , an d R I these celebrated remedies he pe r f ec tly c ure d hi mse lf in weeks, and was able to leave London last week for the LA"' tinent. To be had of every medicine vendor, and at l b° establishment of the proprietor, 244, Strand, London. • S i bt ,ORD ELDON'S APERIENT PILL KAI habitual Costiveness, have been the means of Pos i Lsi cure to many thousands ; they are peculiarly adapted for per ,o " - As both sears who are of sedentary habits ; they are patronised kr nobility and gentry, and are the mildest and most efficacious 10 eine extant. Sold in boxes at Is. 116 d., 2s. 9d , and 4e. 6,1., by Barclay and Co., 95, Farringdon-street ; Sutton and Co., 10, Churchyard ; Newberry, 45, and Edwards, 65, St. Paul's; Ss7ine 150, Oxford-street; and by all respectable Druggists and loicaf:y Venders in the Kingdom : and w h o l esa l e , at 13 . G rea t St. Tl" 7 Apostle, London. TESTI ‘TONIAL TO LORD ELBOWS PILLS. Sir,—l have subjected to a careftil chemical analysis the pared by you, and Mid them , o consist of effectual but safe swells'. without any mercurial preparation whatever, Yours, &e. A. URE, M.D., F.R.# I3,ChArlotte-street Bedford-square, London. ON DEBILITY AND DISEASE. PIO Price 2s. 6d., in an envelope, and post free 35. 6d., a Medical ...a riIHE MENTOR of HEALTH ; on. andt he Causes of Physical Decay, Loss of Memory, Ste., rrlifl ing from excess or imprudence, with plain directions addreslnjs, those suffering, for their perfect and speedy restoration to ben4, Also, Observations on Marriage, and treatment of certain diSer,-4, &c By J. S. TISSOT and Co., Surgeons, 6, Caroline-street , ford-square. Published by the Authors, and sold by 3fudie, 161, Fleet* rli r Purkcss, 60, Compton-street, Soho : Lovelace, 35, King-stree t , gent-street ; Noble, 114, Chancery lane ; Russell, 48, Store - IP — Bedford-squars ; and all Booksellers. SOS " The Mentor of Ilealth, by Dr. Tissot, is one of th e most vallo and instructive little works on the subject ofdisease, resulting from e a r indiscretion, &c. ever perused. It contains plain and simple deo,o lions of the anatomy and physiology of the o rgans li a bl e to be If fr ;na by such diseases, and every information to guide the unwatf inexperienced from the temptations to which they are exposed' lb those requiring a ' Mentor,' w most strongly recommend this ^ pot and it is well worth the perusal of those who are so fortunate to need its advice."—London Mercantile Journal. o'er Messrs. J. S. Tissot and Co. can be consulted daily till Three,. 01 tugs Six till Nine, Sundays till Three. Country patients are el u o to be candid and minute in their details, Just published, 16th edition, 2s. 6d., free by post., In a ses l4 envelope, 3s. Gd. T N t THE SECRET COMPANI— Medical Work on the baneful effects of Indulgences 04 Infection, with Illts:Ing of restoration; wherein the con.seqn.n c ` - influence of mercury on the skin arc pointed out. By 1?..T. BRODIE and Co., Surgeons, London. ur; Published by the Authors, and sold fry Sherwood, Paternoste r- or Hannay and Co., 63, anti Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; Purkiss , _., C agee ton-street, Soho ; Noble, - 114, Chan ce ry -l a n e ; Barth, 4, P" NA' strFet, Covent-garden ; Cord on , 146, Leadenhall-street, 1-q"ifer Wood, High street, Birmin g h am ; - .Newton, Church-street , poet ; Westmacott, Manchester; heron and Co., 6, Lower ,a,„e l" re , sir e', Dublin ; Ker, 16, Leith-walk, Edinbur g h ; Ferris and nt rp Union-street, Bristol ; and by all booksellers in town and N U OPINION OF TIIE PICESS. " This is a work of gieitiMerit, anjishiul(lhe placed in th e " - tiott• of every young in:01 wh o is suff e ri ng f rom p as t f o lly an d indiscr e n dt It contains many valuable truths, and its perusal is certain to l ' s " him In many ways."—The London Mercantile Journal. GrO tt THE CORDIAL 8A..31 OF ZEYLANICA ; or, Nature's 00e, Restorative, possesses wonderful efficacy in all cases of fits, he Moab weakness, heaviness, and lowness of spirits, dimness of sight, n os, 6d• debility, irregularity, and weakness. Sold in bottles, price 33!" and 11 s. each, or the quantity of four in one family bottle av og isii by which one I Is. bottle is saved. The 5/. cases may be halt itßopiE's ruturyiNG VEGETABLE PILLS, Is. 11 - d•il:v 45. 6,1., and its. per box. These Pills are the most effectual c7A so every disease in both sexes, including secondary symptoms, external diseases of the skin, without hindrance to business• - 1 0 . 0 301 all medicine vendors. Consultation fee, if by letter, li• 41. detail of cases is necessary. May be had, wholesale and iv all the principal patent medicine houses in London. tate' Messrs. BRODIE and Co. are in daily attendance for Con s foo t at their residence, 27, Montague-street, Russell-square, Lond ° , t , OS' 11 in the morning till Bin the evening, and on Sun.:ays from 11 • Only one personal visit is required to effect a permanent cure 11 0 - FOUUTEENTH EDITION or the SILENT FRIEND en Frailty, with Coloured Engravings. I° ,fsda Just published, price 2s. 6d., free by post (in asealed envelop e ) k THE SILENT RIEND ; a Medical Wo a r e 1002, the Infirmities of the System in both sexes ; and en of the reproductive powers, with means of restoration. The D I ir effects of indulge- ce, &e., are !Idly pointed out. Illustrate d • gravlngs ; followed by observations on Marriage. • ' By It. and L. PERRY and Co., Consulting Surgeonfh 1 1:4:13. Published by the Authors, and may be had at their 19, litiltNEßS-STREET, OXFORD-STREET. n ‘,. 63, °V Sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay and .7.,,,,,,pt5r ford-street ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Purkials street, Soho; and all Booksellers. " We regard the work before us, the ' Silent friend,' o ppe• - embracing most clear and practical views of a series of ca w it; hitherto little understood, and passed over by a majority f ool dlcal profession, for what reason we are at a loss to know'. „:Alltr however confess that a perusal of this work has left Such e impression on our minds, that we not only recommend. bu t r n fad ir _, wish every one who Is the victim of past folly, or suffering u; n ortli cretion, to profit by the advice contained in its r pages."—Ag e ,ose t _„, The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM is exolufill'e,,u ... ef to the cure of nervous debility, irregularity, weaknese , L,S",, petite, indigestion, consumptive habits, !slid debilities er' L le ff; excess, &c. In bottles, price I Is., or the quantity of font bottle for 335., by which I Is. are saved. The live-pound COI be had as usual. regp C o The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE. a for searching oat and ptr:fying the blood from scurvi' ..mt on the head, face, and body, ulcerations, and thur_.erresp affections arising from improper treatment or the effects removing secondary symptom., and all eruptions of the sk im ' 64. 1 Is. and 335. per bottle. 9d•• :10 PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS, price 25. _„ and lls. Der box. are the most effectual remedy for stri ctur! '" mation, without hindrance to business. Consultation fee, if by letter, 11. Minute detail of We , n t e r i - oelf rr Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for consultation... s .ol% shience, 19, Berners-street, Oxford..treet, London. frets I Vow w S till A. On Sundays from 10 till 12. One personal VW" , c....,m4gry • curs 11111 TI-1:-. wife of On the 21st inst., at Croom's-hill, Greenwich , the George Brock( lbank, Esq., of a daughter. of , On the 21st inst., in Camberwell..grove Mrs. Tuck ,- er , daughter. _____________ ItA Wit/ On the 21st inst., at St. Peter's, Walworth, nelius Winter, to Elton Sarah, second daughter 0(J '— 1-lelvi!le, of Goeenwich. DIED 81 00 514 On the 17th inst., in Little Russell-street , Mr. Williatn Cole. , Georg ° On the 14th inst., Maria, relict of the late Mr the Cut ling. On the 13th inst., at EncOetield-green, SurrQ't I%°ll' wire of Th,:mas Eawdon Ward,' Esq. Fer r l On the 17th inst., at Botterdatn, Sir Alexander,. d st late her Britannic Majesty's Consul for South g° l / 4 ° be t) Zealand, a ed 72. L VW On the 20th inst., at Lewisham-road, Kell— A 17. ,t, Anne, daughter of the late W. T. Beeby, Esq.. ai-S" - t ow - the Cr On the 22d inst., Samuel Donald, Esq., of t— ° ..,ei Lower Edmonton, aged 78. Apt il- Jiv "- On the 19th inst., at the Albany, Major Alexatlu— Callander, late of the 91st Regiment. f P r On the 19th inst., at Margate, John Sykes, Ems.' terrace, Kensington. aged 76, - - Loneon. 4hn b11.711D0 1.°)10. Flo. 112, z 4 tr4t ,, , Printer: at TAe Sufi Office,,,tipti" f Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, In the v-- filiddregez, lueeday, AugliZt 28 ) 1845. R7AR racket One of the a it,, We ""laYs, at ktidaps, at 7, 7 urnwwiek W 1 ,7 , and 8. Obaerve! these time,. Tore C Salo rickets —For :onths, 21. 2s. ; Captrlins on ASTE EX „i lex Will lean "A4ie o'clock, pastern efIELM The Con 4 1 4 : 11 13 the ne , Applicants. le nt a Sew days `ltrs will 13,C 1, Com ~133 0; LASGI DROSS ‘l7,T 4 r, by tl YAL CON i ki cite above Sit t, it'iut hooked t ! ' 4 5 train antler part! an hl„,ersal-offk.e Fleeter g . OYAL A MAGI h'N of TROT . 1 "g resid, 4Tmosri 41tebhoffner. a , t 1 ~tItICAN 1 14 (E ENGIN! b l ways with( r tNG ILLL .Lated telche Ltty_g; at Tw t i %U days at AL 44 - .TIO/ Old& !nein L% With rest IL` i assered ha: zit e or forfeit] table); ala tls interests terms of yes tkhe sateen L. Directors, ;LIU, varying ""`q Policy offe gPremit t.. 1 I L AO 7 4 4 s i The division -4 ber of Ma pi RCIMC D, CHA i t 4u e hiSl4B :ril n e ) e le e et y at au in C r bonus in hZvgil tt4 : l 8 : e3l 1 : 1 0:1 8r r ri ° o B : f r m lee t i ei h ct( o o: which 4 (11 -I; 14 0, n e r : o r h a y liven be a ' num , or on tl It corn In th 14thronle a of Eurot tir et ospectusei O TH: —There must the for at act all j,72 1511 other c,7 41 ' difticultic t e3:. All E efLEL, THE PANY ir Ailing RD wkppointmer lout risk I(3' to the C Urr 4 ,.. having ip i ;_dvice of , as an 14 4 ti e3 a - n n d ee , ' offerel 4t ent Brand ~,s -n°lll Y for y ,lIETTS'S 1 Z Nl StitUtiOn, 1 1 ,71111ie Ca, 7s 4, as: Gd. eaci - es are so ei T his pure ', at liorities to ti e lan r d il Y o ' s a p t it s a it l 'L arias; an ht count] k_utrrs's L 'uttie. by wt , o ectable w ISTJ ft ' ll 4 , 4 ; he is i) t ti es of not ~4 4 11( 4 . E Ir v,otiths'Clot Ditto ditto I L, RYAM, " Bt. Nt Sir,—F, ous rivedtaring • to sear 4 try. yo 4d. Cal a ring .genti °n t 4Pr il last d ' —ellt a tm I. air. 01'3. qt ...oat4l COLA, by 5 THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 1845.