The Sun. — London, England, 1851-03-24 00:00:00

. • / . . , ~ ... 1.,10 T,, BANK. OF ENGLAND, MARCO 20, 1851. RE Governors and Company of the Bank of Eng- 4 ..., • :.,..... land give notice, e• ee• j eal the General Court held at the Bank, this day, is AD- . e 4,: 1 """PiNED till TUESDAY next, the 25th instant, ac Eleven o'clock r,, t he Forenoon, for the purpose of taking the determination by vote, 4-tito. ✓/ . v ,„" Print Sr writing, of the question on the following resolution pro- lf'!'t , '',',- Y/ r vcista at, the Court for a Dividend, viz.: f That a Dividend be made of 41. per cent., out of interest and pro ds lion the half-year ending the 28th February last, without any de ,,, on account of the income-tax. —____ ~_ _____ _ ____•_____ The Voting will commence at Eleven o'clock and terminate at Four. JOHN BENTLEY, Secretary. N .,, v. 18,25 ] - 0 4. LONDOT THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY. COAL TRAFFIC. — -- . .. . . ~._., . - . th l lle Directors of the Great Northern Railway hereby r ive notice . IFS Mr. COLES CHILD has been appoined SOLE AGENT for the N ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE AND I ' 4 of the Silkstene, Thorneliffe, I3secar, Barn.sley, and Worsbro' EQUITABLE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES 41, 1 deposited at the King's-cross station. 26 , CORNHILL, LONDON. rJ. R. MOWATT, By Order, DIRECTORS. 8 o Cretary's Office, King's-cross Station, Secretary. London 20th March, 1851. t * T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman. --___________ , *W. A. B. Bennett, Esq. *John Ranson, Esq. , I THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY. *Hugh Croft, Esq. *John Shaw, 'sq. tElliotson, M.D„ F.R.S. 1 COALS FKOM YORKSHIRE. f*Edmund S. Symps, Esq. f Th e p os. roprletors ef the Sillfstone, Thorneliffe, Elsecar, Barnsley, *Ralph Gough, Esq. M. C. Maher, Esq. t*Clement Tabor, Esq. th orsbro' Collieries, having completed their arrangements witht Joseph Thompson, Esq. *John Moss, Esq. Great Northern Railway Company for the regular carriage of t*Augustus Vigne, Esq• e the ir , „Coals to London, the undersigned has been appointed their AUDITOR. 0 IC' , Metrolitan Agent for • the Sale of Coale COTlSigilni to the t Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S. .. pi ." 'S Cross Station; and from and after the 24:h instant, will he NITSICIAST. 1 . 414 *red to supply the Public at the following prices, viz.:— V. Elliotson, lil.D„ F.R.S„ 37, Conduit-street. Into carts Delivered within SURSI:ON. P at 5 miles in sacks t'E. S. Symes, Esq., 77, Grosvenor-street, Grosvenor-square. 1 Il l i i i • King's Cross. or in bulk. ACTUARY. . E L ... L i-Class House Coals.. 14s. 6cl .. 175.1 Beyond 5 miles 6d. per t'W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., St.e. II rid Clase ditto • . 13 , 1.6,1. .. 16s. j ton per mile extra. SECRETARY. r ' "rollagere may send their own waggons and sacks. Cut, *D. T. Lyons Clanchy, Esq. 1 , r ,--.1 to he paid on giving the order, or on delivery. SUPERINTENDENT. h "tie Coals are the produce of the best pits in the South York k it *W. A. Hawkins, Esq. I, *.coal field. They are of good quality and large size; and RANIER& 0 N kt, Waded from the same waggons which o ri g inall y receive them t'Messrs. Glyn, Hallifax, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street. t he collieries, they are delivered to the consumer in excellent eon- . SOLICITORS, m ) .... la. t Messrs. Sutton, Ewens, Ommanney and Prudence, 6, Baslnghall- C COLES CHILD, Sole Agent. street. • C oal Denartment, King's-cross Station, *W. Tatham, Esq., 22, Throgmorton-street. 1 - London, 20th March, 1851. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFB OFFICE. . • CAPITAL-500,0001. e • t LECTRO BIOLOGY. The WITHDRAWAL TABLE of the Society affords to the As o 1,,,, Mr. G. W. STONE begs leave to announce that he has as- sured greatest possible present and prospective advantages that t i v ' a 'ed with Dr. DARLING, who has been eminently successful in can he c l ot ferred by Life Assurance. On this Table the Assured is •• l, tl,',lC Lectures and Experiments in Scotland and Irelaed, upon entitled, at any time, to receive at interest an immediate advance, le n `ro Biology, and that the Lectures and Exhibitions at the Maryle- to the extent of one-half the amount of the paid animal Premiums, o t"., Literary and Scientitio Institution will hereafter be conducted without security, personal liability, or deposit of the Polley, but by d thenl conjointly. simple endorsement , thereon ; or the half Premium may be with 1. . See the following Advertisement. held during the whole comtinuanee of the Policy. Also, in the ELECTRO BIOLOGY. event of the Assured at any time not requiring to continue the kr t n ,,• —a• W. STONE and Dr. 11. G. D ARLING have the honour to Policy, on its surrender one-half of the annual payments will be s t iminee that Lectures and interesting Experiments in the above returned by the Society. I, 4,,"0e will be given by them at the Marylebone Literary and Scien- Lapsed Policies may be renewed without fine, on proof of health 2 k ' Institution, 17, Edward-street, Portman-square, on Tuesday, and payment of arrears of Premium without interest. 4,, 4 , 0 128, W e dnesday, 26, and Saturday, 29 ; and to pre vent inter- Notices of Assi g nment of Policies re g istered and acknowledged, ti.' ion in the experiments, the doors will be closed at Half - past so as to make them available as securities Ia the hands of I, Precisely.—Doors open MEW-past Seven, commence at Eight. third parties. . - t Admission, Is, ; Reserved Scats, as. Na Entrance Fees or any other c h arge beyo nd the Polic y Stam p . e .....____ The present naual income of the Society from Premiums is 6 Q.OOD WINE.—GEORGE ONWHYN, 3, Ca- , 3 1'137 A;ol.t.rmanar the o t am ount reserved e s co vered rve r by i t the roPolicies es t to frniber Society b is fr , therine-str, Strand, is now offering pure PORT WINE, the Assured., amounts to 112,4 1 41 ° . Si. ap p licable At the last to'ainenuaolniusnves .. g t : 4l . bottled, but fit for immediate drinking, at 30s. per dozen. tigation, reported in May, 1850, the bonuses declared to the As ,,. ao: r rY, a genuine wholesome wine, recommended for invalids, at sured were, the option of a return of 15 per cent. ou their Premiums i t " Per dozen, and old bottled Port at 36a. p er dozen. Warranted in cash, or a reversioeary addition to the original salt assured by , i n , e tch instance free from Cape or adm ixture. The stock open for each Policy varying from 20 to 65 per cent. -° Peotto EXAMPLES OF BONUSES ALREADY DECLARED. 1 -.....„„ n• Parma- --- NOTICE. • .1 .4 Annual Policy , Bonus In _ le HE ROYAL POLYTECHNIC IN STITU- Age. g., k 4, . Pre- taken Bonus in d addition vent Re uetion of t, TION will be Closed on the 29 th instant, 71 to be Re-opened on 7, g minx. out in' to Sum Cash. Annual ~,m s ter M onday. Depos it ors are respectfully Invited to forward their Premium. t di . r i3 before the 12th April, that they may be numbe red in the New l Assured. ;01 1 of the Catalogue, free of expense. 1 Xs. d. X s (1. A s. 0. Lush le kt , etli the 29th instant the Lectures on Science, including Music, - 1837 ; 292 6 9 139 16 9 22 13 1 c' 4114 the usual Exhibitions will be c ontinued, 1 Mornings and 1838 267 11 4 126 17 2 19 19 7 , !kings, 1839 241 18 6 113 17 7 17 8 8 if ......__ R. I. LONGBOTTOM, Secretary. X,E B.d. 1840 193 12 6 93 16 8 14 010 _____,.........- 10 11000 74 34i 1841 119 12 6 89 510 1 3 tll il 1 LAITRENT'S GRAND CASINO, 1842 162 16 8 76 18 4 11 8 3 Licensed by Act of Parliament. 1843 flitlo 10 85 10 10 81 10 ~ A RGYLL ROOMS GREAT WINDMILL- 1844 77 19 2 38 1 5 10 59 11 .. 1845 66 15 0 44 10 0 4 10 1 OFFICIA.L CATALOGUE OFFICE, 29, New Bridge-street, Blitekfriars, and at the Exhibition Build ing, Hyde•park. NOTlCE.—Advertisements intended for the First Edition of a Quarter of a Million of the Small Catalogue, as also for the First Editions of the Illustrated, the German, and French Catalogues, should be tent in imaudiately, in order that they may be clasiiitic.d and printed forthwith. I. Insurance Offices. 2. Literatiire and the Fine .irts. J. New Inventions. 4. Agricultural Machines and Im plements. 5. House . Agency—Hotels, Ta verns, and Lodging-houses. SPICER BROTHERS,WhoIesaIe CLOWES and SONS, Printers, 6. Places of Public Amuse ment. 7. Rail way and Steam-boat ar rangements. 8. Classification of Trades and Miscellaneous. ,tatloners 1 Joint Contractors to the Royal Commission. ONR-VOLUME EDITION OF. MR. MACAITLArS ESSAYS. A New Edition, In square crown 8?o., uniform with Southey's "Doc tor " and " Commonplace Books,' with Portrait by Eddis, en graved by Greatbach,and Vignette, price One Guinea, cloth; or 30s. hound in calf by Ilayday, CRITICAL and HISTORICAL ESSAYS con tributed to the Edinburgk Review. By THOMAS BA BINGTON MACAULAY. A New Edition, complete in One Volume. *** Also, an Edition (the 6th) in 3 Tole., Bvo., price 36e. cloth. Landon : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. THE LONDON GAZETTE, larch 21. DIVIDENDS. At the Court, Basinghall•street. R. Gadsden, Boughton Mills, Northamptonshire, miller, April 11, at half•past one—A. Black, Wellington strett North, Covent-garden, bookseller, April 11, at eleven—T. Dalby, Hythe, Kent, builder, April 11, at one—W. Keeping, East-street, Wal worth, common brewer, April 11, at eleven—C. W. Macbryde, Watling street, City, wine merchant, April 11, at twelve. In the Country. J. Ings, Henley-in-Arden, Warwickshire, surgeon, April 14, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—C. Crudgington, Tipton, Staffordshire, ironmaster, April 14, at ten, at the Court, Birmingham—J. Smith, Rugeley, Staffordshire, money-scrivener, April 14, at ten at the Court, Birmingham—S. Amos, Hanley, Staffordshire, scrivener, April 26, at eleven, at the Court, Birmingham—J. Watson, Sunderland, ship-builder, April 16, at twelve, at the Court, Newcastle upon-Tyne—W. Huse, Stockport, draper, April 16, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—W. C. Williams, Accrington, Lancashire, draper, April 16, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—H. Crosby, Burnley, Lancashire, draper, April 11, at twelve, at the Court, Manchester—J. Wyatt, jun., Milverton, Somersetahire, grocer, April 11, at one, at the Court, Exeter—C. S. Flood and IL E. Lott, Honiton, bankers, April 15, at one, at the Court, Exeter—J. Gilson, Leeds, woollendraper, April 14, at eleven, at the Court, Leeds—J. Dixon, Morley, Yorkshire, dyer, April 11, at eleven, at the Court, Leeds—J. Corbett, Llantillio Pertholey, Mon mouthshire, miller, April 17, at eleven, at the Court, Bristol—M. Buggeln, Liverpool, victualler, April 11, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—T. B. Golborne and A. A. Dobbs, Liverpool, wine merchant, April 15, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—J. Cheshire, Hartford, Cheshire, salt manufacturer, April 15, at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool—G. Charnock, West Derby, near Li verpool, baker, April 14, at eleven, at the Coact, Liver pool—A. Brown and W. Todd, Liverpool, provision mer cheats, April 14_ at eleven, at the Court, Liverpool. I da ... th ..- ad LAURENT'S GRAND CASINO, Licensed by Act of Parliament. ARGYLL ROOMS, GREAT WINDMILL STREET, ST. JAMES'S. Lessee, Charles Emile Laurent, jun., 57, Brompton-square.) OPEN EVERY EVENING, With LAURENT'S UNRIVALLED BAND. boor. Principal Cornet-a-Pistons, M. Boulcourt. Open at Half-past Eight o'clock —Dancing to commence at and terminate at Half-past Eleven o'clock precisely. Admission, One Shilling. Extensive Travelling Leave granted without extra Premium Moderate extra Premium for Residence in Tropical Climates. EQUITABLE FIRE OFFICE. Capital-500,0001. (Incorporated under 7 and 8 ♦ict., cap. lig.) The leading principles of this Office era—Moderate and equitable Rates of Premium for each class of risk—Annual division of Profits. The difficulty of collecting the elements on which to proportion Premium to risk in Insurance against Loss by Fire has been so great, that the rates at present charged are more the result of guess than calculation. It has been found by experience, that the total annual losses of the different Established Companies have not been proportionate to the amount of annual Premiums received by each. It is of the highest importance, both to the Insured and Insurers, that such an anomaly should cease, and an approximation to the true risk be made. To secure this object the Equitable Fire Insu ranee Company is established. The tree rate of Premium for Fire Insurance can only be ap proached through Classification and Average, which has not hitherto been sufficiently acted on, or systematically applied. Whatever be the nominal rate, the bonus or return periodically to the Insured will determine the true Premium equitably payable, as security against less for so great a calamity as fire, and the Insurer is largely interested in this question, and will consult his interest by supporting a system where, by a careful combination of Classifica tion and Average, the Premium will be proportioned to the risk. The Equitable Fire (Mice will, by a constant analysis of its own experience, from time to time, adopt such rates of Premium as the nature of the risk may justify, and will decline to enter into arrange ments as regards tariffs with other offices. With this view an annual investigation will be made into each class of risk, and a return of one moiety, or fitly per cent. of the nett excess will be made to all classes of Insurers whose Policies have been in force for three years. Insurances against Loss by Fire are effected by this Company upon every description of Pronerty on moderate terms. Farming Stock insured at Is. per cent, without the Average Clause. Prospectuses, and every information may he obtained, on applica tion at the Office, or to any of its Agents. BUDGET.—In noticing the most momen t,k, tour question of the day, the all-absorbing question of the 41e, shall not pause at the outset to consider whether it does or til,i; l let assimilate with the general wish, but shall merely remark c alf the man who can produce a budget embracing the inte ,lttgn,"' all, and thrice happy he who can produce one affording uni- S k ,," , satisfaction. Men of the largest and most extended talents h4l } litherto failed in this achievement, and to E. MOSES and SON k r "'en reserved the happy lot to accomplish this consummation so ii'rY wished for. "lit e de arranging their Budget discoveries 1851 E. MOSES nodan SON at leclare they had no new to make, contend lia2terests to reconcile, no laborious task to carry out ; they have In but to pursue without deviation their old and successful course, the best and most approved material in every department of :;!riell manufactures, to employ the greatest possible amount of Illir e ,leal skill, and to effect sales so extensive as to make the , 4t o S i '• shadow of a shade of profit amply suffice. Without entering whithetails, of necessity too voluminous to be interesting, but for „, t heY refer their own valued p ublic to their stock, they boldly b i .,l l ._"xlesitritingly declare they have produced a Bud g et, at once em lt4E the interests of all, and, at the same time, one which will Dr tc ," universal satisfaction. For where the national wants have 1 10,sr ° , l all the relief which could have been craved by some, E. and SON'S low prices will enable them to bear the disap 144.‘"ent more c h ee rfully; and to those whose wishes have been sed, they afford the Indulgence in luxuries not always attainable. h andsome Almanac, for the year 1851, can be had gratis, on . 11 1 e application. tie ,new edition of "Everybody's Book, containing a report 4tkh late t t trial , may be had gratis, on application, or by " nlpor an , p ost free. Ot out and SON have no connexion with any other house in I . London, except the following t ' S S, City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minorlee, 83, , and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating. 4 4q 1 , 01 5 West-end B anch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,9, r B radford Yorkshire" Branch, 19, Bridge-street. iteflield Branch, 36, Fargate. Ilk Sr s , Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and shoe- T i r s, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gen tlemen. 1 14 1 2 Establishments are closed from sunset Friday to sunset 61%- -')', when business is r^serned till Twelve o'clock. Ici l'on parle Francaise. si pule Itallano. Eller spricht man Deutsch. Aqui so liabla Espanol, t National Loan Fund Life Assurance Society. * Equitable Fire * Both Offices. ANNUAL DIVISION OF PROFITS AND LARGE REDUCTION OF PREMIUMS. HAND -IN-HAND FIRE and LIFE INSURANCE SOCIETY. Instituted in 1696. Extended to Lite Insurance, 1836. IMMEDIATE, DEFERRED, AND SURVIVORSHIP ANNUITIES GRANTED. DIRECTORS. tt. IN SIX LANGUAGES-FORTIETII EDITION. qTAINING TILE REMEDY FOR TUE PREVENTION OF The Hon. William Ashley. The lion. Sir Edward Cost. John Lettsom Elliott, Esq. James Estiaile, Esq. Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq. John Gurney Hoare, Esq. AUDITOIIS.—The Hon. Col. Cust, DISEASE. p. t hstrated by 100 Anatomical Coloured Engravings on S teel. ' , PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS, GENERATIVE INCA.: 4 New and AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MA RRIAGE. h.. eve and Improved Edition, enlarged to 196 pages, price 2s. 6d. ' Post, direct from the Establishment, 31 . Gd. i n p osta g e stamps, p r RE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on ti, the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by k. e r Lore indulgence, the consequences of infection, or the abuse of ',„;`, 7, with explicit directions for the use of the preventive lotion, 104 ,: 4 , hY observations en the Married State, and the disqualifies i7l4, dCik prevent it. Illustrated by 26 Coloured Engravings, and detail of cases. By R. and L. FERRY and CO., Consulting til't lens , 19 , Berners-street, Oxford-street, London. Published by I,Authors • and sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 14. kid ci ' tit ~ •• anger, 150, Oxford-street ; and Gordon, 146, Leadenhall ,_ P 4 ' 4 enden. leg a T 1, treats of the anatomy and physiology of the re-productive A P 4 ' and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings. 'ltrf ~T 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in- Siite• and their lamentable effects on the system, producing 4, 44 4 . 4 4,1 d bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative Po t .;', 4 _3'• Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings. i i t p m " kll. trats of the diseases resulting from infeco, eithe in t r . 81. 3' or e secondary form, and contains explicit ti dir n ections r for in 'ls ' lll 4:l3,ent. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engfav- II 01. 1 . 'Oh A — • contains a Remedy for the Preventitn of Disease by a , 11 4 I ZPPileation, by which the danger of infection is obviated. "'N,j'Portant part the Work should not escape the reader's I' • T il k V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage, and its dn lh, Tl, A, -e causes of unproductive union are also considered, and the t,,Tif' n 4 biect critically and philosophically inquired into. '`44I,:"OROIAL BALD[ OF STRIACUM is exclusively employed In re " '8 nervous and sexual debility, impotence, Sec., I Is. and 331. Oltd ". The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti -syphilitic 1 ,k14 for purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary o as e s '7", eruptions, and the abuse of mercury, 1 is. and 335. per C' t.P., terry's Purifying Specific Pills, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and I Is. 1 1 olt„'"? a certain remedy for gonorrhcea, gleet, stricture, and 4 - inflammation of the bladder. Consultation fee, if by letter, t ,lll, l ' 4 innte detail of th 'ense is required: age , habits, and posi -14, l4,.ktiety. s'. Packets e , with advice, to be had at the Kau :" '`ril only by which the fee, ii., is saved. Messrs. Perry, 'lt *set. in sttendance d fly at 19, Barriers-street, Oxford- London,irt from Eleven t il l Two, and Five to Eight ;cn Sun "s Eleven to One. -- E. Fuller Maitland, Esq. The Hon. Chas. John Murray. William Scott, Esq. John Sperling, Esq. Henry Wilson, Esq. Robert Winter, Esq, Thos. Fuller Maitland, Esq., ill, ; ht to he James Esdaile, Esq. BANKERS.—Messrs. Goslings and Sharpe, 19. Fleet-street PrirslciAN.—Thomas K. Chambers, M.D., 1, 11111-street, Berkeley- square. SOLICITORS.—Diessrs. Lumley, Nichol], and Smyth, 18, Carey- street. ACTUARY.—James M. Terry, Esq. SECItETAIT.—Robert Steven, Esq. FIRE DEPARTMENT. Although the lowest rates of premium consistent with security have been charged by the Office, it has for many years been enabled to make very large returns to septennial Insurers. LIFE DEPARTMENT. _ _ The important advantages offered by the plan and constitution of the Life Department of this Society are— That Insurers are protected by a large invested capital, upon which there is no Interest to pay, and for which no deduction of any kind is made, which enables the Directors to give the whole of the Profits to insuring members. That the Profits are divided annually amongst all members of five years' standing, and applied towards reducing life insurance to the lowest possible rates of premium. The following table exhibits the Abatement of Premium that has been made for the past nine years to members of five years' stand ing : Years of Rate of ~, Tears of Rate of Division. Abatement. Division. Abatement. 1842 £45 per Cent. 1847 £5O per Cent. 1843 45 „ 1848 50 „ 1844 45 „ 1849 52 1 ,4 „ 1845 50 „ 1850 6214 „ 1846 50 „ A Policy taken out on or before the 24th of June, 1 , 45, at an an nual premium of 1001., will consequently be charged 471. 10s. as this ear's premium ; and it is expected that an equal abatement will in future be annually made. That persons insuring their own lives, or the lives of others, may become members. That persons who are willing to forego participation In the profits can insure at a lower rats than that charged to members. The following table will show the effect of the reduction of pre mium made by the Society on Members' Policies that have been five cars in force I I t. CULVERIVELL'S NEW WORKS. Ts b. bad of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster.rew ; Carvalho; wki's:;ett-street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or direct from the author, 4 e Shilling each ; by post, Is. 6d. ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. Co "Health, Recreation, and rational Use of Time." I t lttsl o :!ars:—Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ea. ON:" about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills, `lll 4 -4, Fields, High-reads, and other pleasant places—Country k, 44,1 Rambles—The Sea—London at Night 1 1 at Home t l ,'" - •The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Alr, ! 18 a, Occupation, Etc., &,c. II ItAGMENTS FROM THE MOUNTAINS. Two VMS. Vol I. .4/3IT TO TILE LAKES; SKETCH_OF EDINBURGH, & e , t Vel. --"" LAKES OF KILLARNEY; REMINISCENCES OF DUBLIN, &c. WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID. A "That three score years and ten our c ourse may run." V popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner litlY-clebilitated health and enfeebled constitution, that harasses 410 11 , 11g, besets the man of pleasure, business , or stud y , and em brill old age, with table/ anti rules ibr the diet and physical regu ,on. of every-day life. THE pASSIONg. What passions hurt the body—what improve, Truths as refined as Athens ever heard." ,ttic,'‘Tecrr : -Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent ss," l Passions. Chastity and its infringements. The casualties of kequtuiness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative, tl ftediative. Advocacy of early marriages. :11 THE MARRIAGE STATE. 10 1 • "Tobe or not to be, that is the question. " 1 %0 , 31,A z0n , tisr i I—Laws and obligations of nature , s ociet y , and re la %it% regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and t te It Jtir t ',On both sides, as to age, temperament , comp leilos, and e. ii4 :i :, , ..? secure healthy o ff spring, with the art of re arin g them. ''''' defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion. n 1 11 / 'l l l4. - N I . J. CULVERWELL, M.D. (18 4 1), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A. n tit ti : Twenty-five years Medical and Forensic Referee in these 4,.„ Roolption boors daily till Am levelling& omen till nine. Cl. N.,_•^"" - blace. Regent-street. t h. I- years in forco : Age when Sum Annual Premium Reduced Insured. Insured. for first five years. Premium. ...................... ................ £ £ 8 . d . £ s. d., 30 100 2 13 5 1 $ 6 109 3 7 11 1 12 3 40 500 13 7 1 6 7 0 30 40 .500 16 19 7 8 1 3 45 100 0 38 19 2 18 10 1 40 2000 67 18 4 32 0 2 46 5000 194 15 10 92 10 6 ' 4 41 .0 )I'l/ the premiums . affords immediate benefit This system of redu cin g co te mebers, or enables them to Insure a frther sum uon teir lives equal to more than one-third of the presen u t policy, without h any additional outlay. ROBERT STEVEN, Secretary. CAN BR AN ASSUR ENGLIALL POIAANCCIEES SH AND For Life Annuities, Copyhold Propertl:. kfri rs London. Chief Oftice-9, NEW 14RIDGE-STRELT, Blac a , " Declined" L' and Loans, and for Perpe uating Leasehold and Lives taken at equitable rates. Life Policies "indisputable" and not liable to forfeiture. I D SOCIETY. LE Policies of rive years' standing not void in cages of suicide. Policies granted from 20/. to 5,0001. Special tables to suit the working classes, to whom the advantages of Life Assurance are at present almost wholly unknown. Medical men remunerated in all eases. Immediate, survivorship, and dcfbrred annuities and endowments granted, and every other description of risk contingent on human life. Loans granted on undoubted security of every description, upon more advantageous terms to the borrower than in any other office, and at one-half the customary char g es. If on personal security the sureties must be resident in or near London. Claims payable three months after satisfactory proof of death. Prospectuses and any further information may be obtained from the Manager. C . W. BEVAN, Resident Manager. HE GENERAL LIFE AND FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY, Established 1837. Empowered by Special Acts of Parliament, 3d Vic. c. and 10th Vic. c. i. 62, King William-street, London. And 21, St. David-street, Edinburgh. Capital, One Million. DIRECTORS. Renewal Receipts are now read, all bust- George Bousileld, Esq. Thomas Piper, Esq. E jl;o d ih:h w :nnss. a r : I Handley,il Pl A Skis i r n Villiers,l s EP o a n ° ..p , E e n a E a s' i g , s ,, E y . y rt 1- : Mil r:P: J T a li c o o s b . C o h e a o l . li e s , o E p e s , q E , . o r . d AI d . John Dixon, Esq. Joseph Fletcher, Esq. , sq. or an o d f may an hichard llollier, Esq. b ofe ITI its i l IsacAa the • L goe A nni, D at pelYrlEilc)aAit)iirEonpaLttah,emhEl:Td Offices of Company t p h a e n C y application the country. noes relating to Life Assurances, Deferred Annuities, or Family En dowments, upon the most lateral terms consistent with sound princi ples and public security. LOANS granted on personal security, and the deposit of a Life Po licy to be effected by the borrower. To all Agents, Solicitors, Auctioneers, and Surveyors, a liberal al lowance is made. By order of the Board, THOMAS PRICE, Secretary. THE HUMAN lIAIR. ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL is justly renowned throughout the world for its remarkable virtues, in nourishing, preserving, and beautifying the human hair. Its operation in cases of baldness is peculiarly active ; so that, in numerous instances wherein other remedies have been tried in vain, ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL has superseded the ornaments of art, by effecting a complete restoration of beautiful hair. In the growth of whiskers, eyebrows, and mustachios, it is also unfailing in its stimulative operation. For children it is especially recom mended, as forming the basis of a beautiful head of hair, and rendering the use of the fine comb unnecessary. Price 3s. 6d. and 7s. ; or family bottles (equal to four small) at 10s. 6d.; and double that size, 21s. CAUTION. —On the wrapper of each bottle of the genuine article are these words in two hues, " ROWLANDS' MACASSAR OIL." The same are engraved on the back of the wrapper nearly 1,100 times, containing 29,02$ letters. Sold by A. Rowland and Seas, 20, Hatton-garden, Lou.un, all by All Cheri:Was and rerftuuen. No 18 ,25 0 ..s, LONDON , MONDAY „ • Y, . • ,Vi" ' - 7 MARCH 24, N J. R. Dinnistoun, Glasgow, merchant, to meet within the Stock Exchange Rooms, Glasgow, March 28 and April 18, at one. G. Ord, Glasgow, house agent, to meet within the Star Hotel, Glasgow, March 25 and April 15, at two. THE COUNTRY AND THE CURRENCI. EXTRACT FROM SPEECH OF THE RIGHT HON. WILLIAM HUSKISSON ON MR. TIERNEY'S RESOLUTIONS ON THE STATE OF THE PUBLIC FINANCES, JULY 9, 1827, (stating manner in which the productive classes benefit by a rise and suffer from a fall in prices) : " When prices were continually rising, all the active classes were benefited, and annuitants alone were placed in a worse situation ; but it was better that any loss should fall on them than on the productive classes. The effect of a rise in price on them would perhaps force them to greater economy, and at most abridge their comforts; but while they were reduced to this, the other classes were benefited. But the effect of a falling market on the industry of a country was very dif ferent. " If the value of a man's stock were only reduced one tenth in value, perhaps that one-tenth might amount to the whole oflOs own capital—the nine-tenths might be borrowed. The fall naturally alarmed the creditor, who, by urging his demand, forced sales, by which the difficulty was increased. " In such a state of things it was impossible that the re venue, depending, as it did, so much on the active classes, should not fail." [N.B. The alterations in our currency having been not one tenth only, but from one-third to one-half, the fearful effect of these enormous changes on the industry of the country and the active classes and the revenue must be apparent.] TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Six,—The currency promises or threatens to be one of the chief subjects, if not the principal, which will shortly demand the attention both of the Legislature and the country. Your readers will approach this im portant question not altogether unprepared, thanks to your kindness and the lucid explanations you have so fre quently given on this vital topic. I trust you will allow mo now to offer a further practical, and I hope clear, exposition of the manner and degree in which all classes have been affected by the workings, or rather derangements of the existing system, founded on autho ritative and indisputable authorities and calculations. I find in Mr. Johnston's truly valuable work," England as it Is," the following striking statement as to the in crease made in the national debt and private debts by the currency measures of 1819: " . . . . Our Government first gave 879,000,0001. in stock for 584,000,0001. in paper money, and then the Legislature made a change in the law which gave to the whole of the outstanding stock the value of gold money. Thas the 576,000,000/. of outstanding stock was enhanced from 30 to 40 per cent, or, in other words, in return for 396,352,2071., the net sum received from loans from 1794 to 1817, the nation is now boand in a sum equal to 768,000,0001. of the money in which those loans were contracted. " The amount of private debt in the United Kingdom of Groat Britain and Ireland has frequently been es- timated, or rather guessed at, and conjecture seems to range between the amounts of 1,000,000,0001. and 3,000,000,0001. To most persons this will probably seem—at all events at the first glance—an incredible magnitude of debt; but I think they who place the amount somewhere between 1,500,000,0001. and 2,000,000,0001. do not make an extravagant estimate. The amount of fixed property—such as lands, houses, mines, quarries, canals, railways, &c.—is actually returned to the Pro perty-tax Commissioners at about 90,000,000/. a year, which does not include Ireland. But suppose we take the income from fixed property at 100,000,000/. a year, I believe it is not going too far to say that one-half of it is tied up by mortgages, settlements, or incumbrenees of one kind or another; or, in other words, the nominal proprietors of the property worth 100,000,0001. a year have to pay away one-half, in the shape of interest, or of annuities, to persons to whom they are, in sone form or another indebted. In this country a proprietor, until absolutely compelled by the pressure of circumstances, rarely transfers any part of his estate to those to whom he is indebted, or to the children or other relatives whom he may desire to endow with fortunes. Ile leaves his estate nominally the same, but charges it with heavy sums of money which remain as debt, and upon which an annual interest or equivalent annuity is paid. Now if half the income from fixed property be thus disposed )f, this 50,000,0001. a year may be considered to repre sent 1,500,000,0001. of debt or incumbtanee, to say no thing of the large amounts which are lent upon personal credit, upon stock in trade, upon goods in transilu, and in sill the various transactions of a great commercial country. I exclude credits from week to week, or day to day, such as are adjusted by millions at the bankers' ' clearing house' in London; but referring only to those various debts, whether upon fixed or floating security, which pay interest, I apprehend it is not an exaggera lion to estimate them at nearer 2,000,090,0001. than 1,500,000,000/. When we add this to the national debt, we shall find an enormous sum of indebtedness of s fixed amount of money, from which ee may infer the -xtreme importance to this country cf any change in the currency. " Although they who took a principal part in the great currency change of 1819 did not contemplate an appreciation of more than 4 per cent., yet the result was a❑ increase in the value of money of not less than 33 per cent.; and supposing the private debts of that period to have been 1,600,000,0001., the national debt being half as much more, the effect of the change of 1819 was to add to the actual amount of then existing incum branco, public and private, an amount equivalent to the whole national debt, that is 800,000,0004 e • . __. Now, after perusing these very clear and distinct re presentations and calculations of Mr. Johnston, let us took at the following statement as to tho increase of wealth in some small classes, and growth of poverty and suffering in the great mass of the People, which are the natural consequence of the currency measure of 1819. Thole measures having, as shown by Mr. Johnston, added not less than eight hundred Millions sterling to the public and private debts of the country, thus aug menting to that extent the property of the richer, or creditor and smaller class, and imposin g that immense amount of additional burden on the poorer or debtor classes, being the great body of the People, including all the agricultural, commercial, manufacturing, and labour ing classes end population. Extracted from that ad mirable work " England in 1815 and 1845," by Mr. Alison, one of the most distinguished writers and emi nent authorities of the day; published by Messrs. Blackwood:— . What wo say is unparalleled in tha history of the world is the co•existenco of so much suffering in one portion of the people, with so much prosperity in another; of unbounded private wealth, with increasing public penury; of constant increase iti the national re sources, with constant diminution in the comforts of a considerable portion of the community ; of the utmost freedom consistent with order ever yet existing upon earth, with a degree of discontent which keeps the na tion constantly on the verge of insurrecti on; of the most strenuous efforts for the moral and religious improvement of the poor, with en increase of crime unparalleled at the same or perhaps any other period in any civilized state." working classes, in all the large towns, were suddenly deprived of employment, and thrown upon their own feeble resources for the maintenance of their families. "It is natural that disease and erimo should follow in the train of so much suffering and privation; and ac cordingly the reports of the several medical charities, and tip" records of our prisons, bear testimony to the fearful injuries inflicted by the money crisis of 1837. "It may be estimated, that in the production of the fire great manufactures, of cottons, woollens, silks, linens, and hardware, capital, fixed and floating, is em ployed, amounting to a hundred millions sterling. The rates of depreciation caused by the late panic upon all those articles of production, may be gathered, without difficulty, from the prices current of the spring and sum mer of 1837. They fell in price variously from 20 to 50 per cent. To estimate the amount of loss upon these manufactures, they must also be followed into the hands of the wholesale and retail dealers, whose losses upon stock, consequent upon the operations of the Bank of England on the currency, are incurred simultaneously with those of the first producers. Scarcely one of these esesped in 1837, withont the sacrifice of the whole of the ordinary profits of the year's trade; and many lost, by the fall in the value of their stock, the whole of their capital also. In proof of the latter fact it must be stated that 1,839 fiats in bankruptcy were issued in 1837, the average of the four previous years amounting to 1,266 only; whilst a proportioned increase occurred in the number of private compositions. At a moderate com putation from twenty to thirty millions of capital may be estimated to be employed by the wholesale and re tail traders engaged in the distribution of the five great manufactures enumerated above. It has been shown how the policy of the Bank of England affects the foreign trader, by compelling him to import, at heavy sacrifices, the bullion required to replenish its exhausted coffers. Of all our produce and manufactures consumed in foreign countries, the greatest portion is sent abroad by British capitalists. Nearly the whole of our exports to India and China; at least seven-eighths of the amount shipped to South America, and a third of the exports to the continent of Europe, with the whole of our colinial trade, are forwarded by British capitalists. From thirty to forty millions of British capital thus enumerated are as follows: Employed in the production of the five great articles of cotton, woollen, silk, linen, and hardware In the wholesale and retail distribution 25,000,000 of ditto In the whole of the foreign commerce of the country 35,000,000 " Without embracing the less prominent branches of our domestic manufactures, including the trade in a thousand articles of daily consumption, and omitting the traffic in agricultural productions, all of which were more or less affected by the revulsion of prices, reference has been made to a capital of one hundred and sixty millions. upon which we may trace a tangible loss vary ing from twenty-five to fifty per cent. by the depreciations of value in the spring and summer of 1837. This sacri fice of forty millions at the least (and which constitutes a fraction only of the losses simultaneously sustained by the whole commercial world) was incurred in order that the Bank of England might regain possession of six or seven millions of specie, which had been previously forced out of the country by the undue expansion of the currency. "Hitherto it has been too much the custom to consider the question of the currency merely in its relations to the banking interests; or, if viewed with reference to the public welfare, it has been merely to guard against di rect losses by the failure of banks ; the far greater inju ries inflicted upon the community by the oscillations in the amount and consequent value of a paper currency will, it is hoped, henceforth engage that consideration which they so strongly merit. " To thistestimoniiawe must add the statement of Mr. Cobden, when examined as a witness before the Com mittee of the House of Commons, on banks of issue, in 1840, the spirit of which shows that he was fully con vinced of the sound principles contained in the Man chester report:— " I believe great evils have been occasioned to the trade and manufactures of this country in 1836 and 1837, and in the subsequent period, by fluctuations in the cur rency—greater evils, pecuniary, social, and moral, than by the direct failures of all the banks of issue since they were first exhibited in this country." We find the full confirmation of the statement of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, and the proof that the evils of which they complained have been rather aggravated than diminished, and the changes in the value of money augmented, in the following extracts from the Lords' Report on Commercial Distress, 1848: " Mr. Cotton states (3,246) that in his commercial ex perience ho never knew such a fluctuation in the rate of interest as occurred in 1847. " Your Lordships will bear in recollection that the years 1837 and 1835 were years of peculiar pressure. " The following table, extracted from the evidence of Mr. Browne, exhibits the contrast between those years and 1847: Lowest rate. Highest rate. Difference. .., 1837 1839 1847 - 10 61 "He athis, ' this does not give an accurate view of what the interest of money was in 1847, because per sons frequently paid a commission, which made it amount to 10, 20, and 30 per cent., depending on tho time the bill had to run, and the pressure of money at the mo ment. The commission charged in 1837 and 1839, is as by no means to the same extent. The Governor of the Bank states, that on the 23rd of October, 225,0001. was discounted by the Bank in the London market, at rates vnryiug from 5-1 to 9 per cent.' Afterwards he added, in reply to the question, whether within his own expe rience, or within his own knowledge, he was able to refer the Committee to any period when the variations in the rate of interest were so considerable as they were (luring the period to which his evidence apdlied, ' I have no recollection of a period in which the variations in the rate of interest have been so great.' " " It is true that those who may have expected that the Act of 1844 would effectually prevent a recurrence of cycles of commercial excitement and depression, the contrast between the years 1845 and 1847 must produce a grievous disappointment. To those who anticipated that the Act would put a check on improvident specula tion, the disappointment cannot be less, if reliance is to be placed (as the Committee are confident it may) on the statement of the Governor of the Bank, and of other witnesses, that speculations were never carried to such an enormous extent as in 1846 and the beginning of 1847. If the Act were relied on as a security against violent fluctuations in the value of money, the fallacious ness of such anticipatio❑ is conclusively proved by the filet, that whilst the difference between the highest and lowest rate of discount was in the calamitous years 1837 and 1539 but 2,± to 24 per cent., the difference in 1847 rose to Q. If it was contemplated, that the num ber and the extent of commercial failures would have been lessened, the deplorable narrative of the Governor of the Bank, recording the failure of thirty-three houses, comparatively in large business, in London alone, to the amount of 8,129,0001. is a conclusive reply. If the enormous extent to which railroad speculation has been carried be considered as an evil to which a sound system of banking could have applied a corrective, such a corrective has not been found in an Act, since the passing of which, during a period of three years, an in creased railway capital of upwards of 221,000,0004 has been authorised to be raised by Parliament ; and when the enormous sum of 76,390,000/. is stated, on high financial authority, to have been actually expended on railways in two years and a half. If the power of ob taining banking aecommodation on moderate terms were considered to be promoted by the Act of 1844, it cannot be said "that this important object has been attained, since it appears in evidence that in 1847, in addition to an interest of 9 or 10 per cent., a commission was also frequently paid, raising the charge to 10, 20, or 30 per cent., according to the time which bills had to run." What commercial operations can bear such fluctua tions as those described; and what prudence can protect the merchant against them, proceeding, as they do, from changes in the value of money, and therefore entirely beyond `his control? Now let us proceed to examine more in detail the real effects of these alterations in the value of money thus established and described by Mr. Johnston, the Man chester Chamber of Commerce, and the House of Lords. When it is remembered that the alteration of not less than eight hundred millions shown by Mr. Johnston to have been made in the real value of the public and pri vate debts of the country by the Act of 1819 has been repeated at every fluctuation that has taken place, as shown and proved by the statement of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce in 1839, and the report of the Committee of the House of Lords in 1847—when it is remembered that this frightful and gigantic operation has been repeated every time the currency has been ex panded and contracted, is there any reason to wonder any longer at the strange calamities and contradictions, the alarming contrasts of riches and poverty, which the country presents? In 1822 the currency was contracted —in 1824, expanded—i❑ 1826, contracted—in 1834, ex panded—in 1836, contracted—in 1844, expanded—in 1847, contracted—and now again expanding. At each of these changes an alteration of eight hun dred millions was made in the value of the public and private debts of the country! ! ! Is there any longer any reaso❑ for wonder at the astounding and portentous features that have been manifested by a country and a population subjected to such fearful operations ? And when it is borne in mind that the debts of the landed in terest, consisting of mortgages and family engagements, are the most permanent portions of the private debts of the country, and that Sir James Graham has stated that at least nine-tenths of the landed property of the country is thus encumbered, is there any reason for surprise that the landed interest has exhibited since 1819 a downward tendency the most decided, as it has suffered most severely from the additional burdens thus inflicted ? And is it possible that these dreadful oscillations can be Buret red any longer to continue ? Is it possible that any Government, any Parliament, any individual Mem ber of Parliament, will bear the responsibility of suffer ing the continuance of these periodical revolutions of property? for no less a name can be attached to changes which at each ascent and descent afft ct the debts alone of the country do the extent of eight hundred millions sterling. During the war, and With the currency of the Taw, " It is evident that there is in our present state some thing which demonstrates . the existen ce of a great an d latent evil, which poisons, for a largo Part of our people, all our prosperity, and converts the fr u i ts o f i n d us try into the apples of Sodom.” That this great and latent evil bearing upon the great body of the people, has its origin in the eight hundred millions sterling, shown by Mr. Johnston to have been added to their public and private burthens by the cur rency measures of 1819, there can be no doubt. And this will be rendered still more clear, and the puzzling contrarieties pointed out by Mr. Alison still more con clusively accounted for, when we consider that the operation of our currency system has not been confined even to the process, monstrous as it seems, o f one change, adding eight hundred millions to the debts of the country, but that since the Bill of 1819 was passed there have been no less than six contractions and expansions of the circulation; each altering the value of money to the same extent of 30 to 50 per cent., and we have now just escaped from the sixth contraction, which took place in 1847, and have entered upon a seventh expan sion, which has caused the present partial prosperity. And now let us look at the following extracts from the Report of the Manchester Chamoer of Commerce in 1839, showing fully and practically the severe and ruinous losses to which the commercial and manufac turing interests have been subjected by th e fl uctuat i ons iu the currency amounting, as shown at one single fluc tuation on the production of cottons, Woollen's, silks, linens, and hardware alone, to not less than forty mil lions sterling, and the consequences that have followed to the merchants, manufacturers, traders, and operatives, and entirely confirming the statements of Mr. Johnston and Mr. Alison i— " By these forced expansions and contractions of the currency, during the last three years, some of the most prudent and wealthy of our merchants a n d manufac turers have incurred that ruin which in a more whole some and natural state of the circulating medium could befall only the reckless adventurer and gambler. Under such a state of things as has been described calculations bated upon the most enlarged experience afford no secu rity against loss and failure. The trader learns the fate of his undertakings not in the markets of the world, as influenced by the law of supply . and demand, but in the acts of twenty-six irresponsible individuals c on d uct i ng a joint-stock banking association in the . city of L on d on. "But the heavy pecuniary losses incurred by our capi talists constitute a minor evil when compared with the moral and social injuries inflicted upon the labouring classes by the fluctuations in the currency. Th e b oar d have directed their best attention to this part of the subject; the effects produced upon the condition of the great mass of the people, by the operations of the Bank of England having hitherto been almost entirely over looked. "The late panic, by causing a diminution of our ex ports in 1837, as compared with the previous year to the extent of ten millions, and by curtailing proportionately the amount o f our home trade, was accompanied by a corresponding cessation of the demand for labour. In the spring aUtl summer of that year vast numbers of the * Mr. Henry Burgess, one of the best informed and ablest writers on the subject, the Secretary to the Count ry B a nkers, stated, in a p e titi on t o the House of Commons, in 1849, the amount of bills of exchange alone at four hundred millions, r epr sseutiug of course a floating debt to that amount. „,,,, . .... .„......• 2- 0"-c . . . ( f - - - , , es Life ; A- ) 1 .. , ~ _ '' t, .., a. l i, ;.,. -0...vprri. 4 .:„„, , . . . p , --' "e 4 -. V. -- : '' TO .., , - - . 4 , ' , . \ ,i,;- .. 41 .4. z? 4 41 1 1; 1---- 4 --' . •,. ;.. ' , PH '•- . k 4.• , - ___!,.' .l • ....,.;,,,,, , .; .').... , ...„. 414 ~, i ” 4 , -:: ' A 74 ' I t ; s ' :.,,4 . '': ~,,,,,./,, 11,_....,„), %.. t-• 4 ~,,,,_\„,,,,.:..,,,.,,,._., ,„„,,,,_ ~ ~., ~, ; it • 35,..,. ~:. ..0..u, Il• A:. _ ii. . a ~,- . 1:z, ,, ,- .-4•10 ~ zutorn . ; , -1 , .....,... , N ~, - 7 7 1/437,:i 2 OF YOUTB L.4, , MERT ON TUB SECRET IN AND MATURITY. 'ith Plain Directions for their Prevention and Cure. 1 111 i FIFTY COLOURED ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL. It c rlblished, in French, English , German , Dutch , Sp anish, and 414 1 ' 1 41 , in a Sealed Envelope, 2 s. 6 d. , or post - free , from thr S r i ;r, for forty.two Stamps, LF-PRESERVATION; a 41 % Medical Treatise on the Physiology of Marriage, and on dua l Bret Infirmities and Disorders of Youth and Maturity, h:,,liti,„,4equired at az early period of life, vrhieh destroy p L ti t ',, - `eill and mental powers, diminish aid enfeeble the natural and exhaust the vital energies of Manhood ; with Practical oMet4l , , ot , i t tiens on tke certain Prevention and successful Treatment of 8 Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, Syphilis, pr L ift.f ou r 1 , and all Diseases and Derangements resulting from +, India of74l adopted by Lallefkand, Ri cord, and other eminent mem tr,...tbe faculty in France. W ith Fift y coloured Engravings, 1,,,N 4 c10 0 4 u4 S the Anatomy, physiology, and Diseases of the Re t: th: lre Organs, explaining their Strnetures, uses, and functions, 414" 'various injuries that are produced in them by solitary ' t =eases, and Infection. BY SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D.. kelo, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON. r ef Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Ban -I.4•,..lionorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, litZtlete of Ap y othecaries' Hall, L on don, Member of the Hunterian e4l Societ of Edinburgh, &c., fee. " , 1y '"ork contains a plain and complete description of the ana itpilltrd Physiology of the reproductive organs, and of their relative in health and disease. The author, who has taken the *, 41 11 r nedleal honours, as evidenced by the diplomas and testimo u4O i . "...'ened in the work, is the only legally qualified medical man exclusively, and for many years, devoted his studies to ,114,.. at nsent of these complaints. He may be c onsulted w ith ad -6 NV; by all those whose constitutions may have become debill -114,,j4441h secret practices acquired iA youth, or by the e xcesses Years, whereby the pleasures of life are marred, the objects `ekai n ' t i4 'age frustrated, and existence itself rendered a term of un brs!labliallisery and regret. c 'd by the Author, and may be had of J. Gilbert, 49, Pater skuLt,/re ;. Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Stade, Titchborne-street , t , Gordon, 146, Leadenball-street ; Mann, 23, Cornhill, wi tomow polle for tbrt-r.tvro stamps, from the author's residence, who OA then 011erldere peracndlly, or by letter 11 - 141- 63308. 1 4 1 0 4 Witt 7 ' PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS. W. Pitfield. Tottington Lower End, Lancashire, bleacher, 3s. 1 I i(l., any Thursday, between ten and one, at the office of Mr. Lee, 'Manchester. E. Boyce, Southam, Warwickshire, grocer, 2s. Bd., any Thursday, between eleven and three, at the office of Mr. Valpy, Birmingham. J. Matthews and C. D. 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Tayler, Tywardreatb, Cornwall, surgeon and apothecary, 25., on any Tuesday, between eleven and two, at theoflice of Mr. IJirtzel, Exeter. R. Loosemore, Tiverton, Devonshire, scrivener, 2d., on any Tuesday, between twelve and two, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. J. ominy, Sea, Ilminster, Somersetshire, currier and shoemaker, 3s. 2d., any Tuesday, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Dirtzel, Exeter. _ W. llumphry, Brighton, wine merchant, 2d., on Thurs day, 27th inst., and three following Thursdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. .Stansfeld, Ba.singhall street. A. Portway, Braintree, Essex, tea dealer, 20., on Thurs day, 27th inst., and three following Thursthiys, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, Basinghall street. J. Roden, Stamford, Lincolnshire, draper. s'. 6d., on Thursday, 27th inst., and three following Thursdays, be tween eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, basing hall. street. J. Amos and C. Sutherland, St. Helen's-place, City, mer chants, 5-6 d., on Thursday, 27th inst. and three following Thursdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeli, Basinghall-street. C. Wetherilt, Down-street, Piccadilly, ironmonger, W., on Thursday, 27th inst., and,:three following Thursdays, be tween eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, Basing hall-street. W. F. Fenton, west Smithfield, glass merchant, 5d., on Thursday, 27th inst., and three following Thursdays, be tween eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Stansfeld, Basing hall-street. J. Robson, Bear-street, Leicester-square, coach currier, d. on Saturday, March 22, and three subsequent Satur days, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Edwards, Sambrook-court, Basinghall-street. J. Starkey, Old-street, carpenter, 35., on Saturday, March 22, and three subsequent Saturdays, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Edwards, Sambrook-court, Ba singhall-street. F. Deven Phccnix-wharf, Whitefriars. coal merchant,2 %d., on Saturday, March 22, and three subsequent Saturdays, be tween eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Edwards, Sam brook-court, Basinghall-street. C. Houghton, Dudley-grove, Paddington, ironmonger, 4 1 / id., on Saturday, Ma rc h 22, an d t h ree su b sequent Satur days, between eleven and two, at the office of Mr. Edwards, Sambrook-court, Basinghall-street. NOTICES OF CERTIFICATES. At the Court, Basinghall •street. T. Evans, Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire, innkeeper, April 15, at two—C. Marson, Newmarket, livery-stable keeper, April 15, at eleven. In the Country. E. L Manchester,eigh,Glo:sopAii G1o:sop, Derbyshire, 4. latn c . o el t v to e n . manufacturer, at the Court, CERTIFICATES GRANTED. H. Johnson, Bishopsgate-street Within, tea dealer and grocer, certificate of the third class—R. Northoven, Skinner street and Cheapside, lint manufacturer, certificate of the first class—F. G. Monsarrat, Cheltenham, wine and spirit merchant, certificate of the first class—J. Chisholm and W. Chisholm, Dorking, and of Ludgate-hill, wholesale perfumers, certificate of the third class—S. Willett, Cheltenham, plum ber, and-glazier, certificate of the first class —W. Goodwin, Macclesfield. manufacturer, certificate of the third class, after three months from March 19. PART i.ERSHIPS DISSOLVED. T. Davidson, jun., and W. Lamb, Leeds, van-builders F. G. Wadhama and T. W. Rymill, Thames-street, City, rag merchants—S. Whiteley and C. Nadin, Salford, Lancashire, common brewers—J. Davis, J. Saunders, and J. Hicks, Ox ford and Banbury, surveyors (so far as regards J. Hicks)—D. Fisher and S. Heathcote, Pendleton, common brewers—T. Mitchell and W. Allen, Manchester, builders—R. C. John son, C. R. Filcher, and F. Hart, Greenwich, starch manu facturers (so far as regards F. Hart)—G. Morgan and J. Arnold, Bristol, bake s —II. Williams and E. Noel, City, sur veyors - J. Raistrick and B. Atkinson, Bradford, Yorkshire, tailors—J. Goold and G. Goold, Birmingham, jewellers—J. Strong and l '.Strong , Crown-court,Chancery-lane,stereotypers —R. V. Leach, 11. W. Wood, and E. T. Jones, Glamorganshire, white lead manufacturers —E. James and J. B. Falser, Stroud,,Gloucestershire, paper manufacturers—J. Ozanne and W. hunt, Saint Helen's, Lancashire, surgeons—W. Evans, C. Rayson, and E. Dickens, Salford, Lancashire, uphols terers (so far as regards C. Rayson) -J. Webster and J. Roberts, Rawstenstall, Lancashire, builders—J. Raws and E. Taylor,,Oldham, cotton spinners —T. Allen and W. Robert shaer, Crawfor I-street, trimming sellers—J. Porter and T. R. Maddison, Dartield. Yorkshire, farmers—R. Stockdale and R. Alderson, Hawes, Yorkshire, carpenters—J. Dando a nd C. T. Dando, Bristol, hat manufacturers. INSOLVENT PETITIONERS. William Wonson, Utlculna, Devonshire, farmer. John Manning, Longmore, Birmingham, gas-fittings manu facturer. Thom s Birch, Birmingham, builder. Exmouth, brazier. yratmiltdoepn j j u u n n .: , Birmingham, clerk. Sims, Great Yarmouth. , il W t orcester, rope, twine, and bed-sack j:RENttodeepribvv a le : g rei ar s ir m sd : la : u us i f , i y ae u g jr , eu l r t a row, So rn ersetshire, beerseller. John Fish, Thurstuston, Cheshire, rector of the said j J o oh h Michael Rotting, Bright on, g roc e r. Alexander Gordon Rae. Bristol, linen draper. n n She san l g d e o r n ; B L r Lee t tr. o b o e k e r , S, t a retailerff o ni s a h n i r d e b , b r e u w t t e y r . collier. raper. taffordshire, shoemaker. George Booth, Wednesbury, J W o s i l e l p i a n m Je l , f ; , I G y a r s e a t n 1 ,3 i t d a g tr, e St rd s r o e r , ds tiir e bridle, e g u r . o u c e e r r. . Charles Godwin, Prescot, Lancashire, commercial traveller. Robert James Mackilsrain, Gravesend, plumber. George Chatton, Gravesend, tailor. . Mary A nn B own ,. Stony Way -bridge, Derbyshire, innkeeper, James Stone, Castle Bytham, Lincolnshire, tailor. William Cowles, Monmouth, butcher. Richard Pugh, l'enna-park, Here`ordshire. Richard Whitebouse,•Tewkesbury, boat-owner. Theodore John Townsend, Bristol, tailor. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. J. Norwell, Glasgow' ' s ilk mercer, to meet within the Buck's Head Hotel, Glasgow, March 28 and April 18, at one. A. Gordon, Cocklarachy, farmer ) .. to:meet within the Royal Nvtel, Abucloep, Aisrch 27 adlsprill7, At tYlelYe• 851. [PRICE SD. we could bear the debts of the war public and private, not only without difficulty, but with ease and prosperity. As the debts increased the currency extended, and en abled us to bear their pressure. The currency measures of 1819, by altering the currency, added eight hundred millions at one blow to the public and private debts, and at the same time by restricting the currency re stricted the means of meeting the augmented pressure. In 1823 and 1824 the currency was expanded the additional burthon of eight hundred millions was thus taken oil, and in 1824, and to the end of 1825, the country again en joyed ease and comfort as during the war. In 1826 the currency was again contracted; the extra weight of eight hundred millions was again imposed, while the currency was restricted instead of increased, and again to 1834 the sufferings of 1822 were renewed. In 1834-5, and 6 the currency was expanded; we were again relieved from the eight hundred millions, and again we breathed in comfort. In 1836 the currency was again limited, the incubus of eight hundred millions again placed on our shoulders, and from this time to 1842 the country was afflicted as before. In 1544, 1845, and 1846, the currency was again increased, the load of debt was relieved, and we again saw prosperity. In 1847 again the currency was drawn in, and we once more had to support the unjust addition of eight hundred millions to our obligations. Now the currency has been for some time expanding, and some degree of relief has been experienced. Now let it be observed that besides the original debts contracted before 1819, there are many new debts, and that all engagements, all leases, all bargains, that all new debts contracted at times when the currency was restricted, have been unjustly paid in money of a less value by 30 to 50 per cent., when the currency has been expanded, and that all debts, engage ments, leases, and bargains contracted while the currency ' has been expanded, have been unjustly paid in money of a higher value by 30 to 50 per cent. when the currency has been again limited. In the quotation which forms the motto to this letter, Mr. Huskisson has clearly ex plained why it is that the contraction of the currency is more ruinous both to individuals and the nation at large than the expansion, because its effects fall upon those ac tive classes who are less able to bear the pressure, and who constitute the true strength of a kingdom. This had been already shown by David Hume and Mr. Locke, who in passages familiar to your readers, have proved how an empire whose currency is contracted must decline in strength and happiness. When this is considered, is it possible to conceive a system more productive of ruin and injustice to every class at every one of these move ments of 30 to 50 per sent. up and down; and is it not the interest of every class that some fixed and settled system should be substituted to such a chaos of fluctua tion? Is it too much, again, to ask what Minister, what Government, what individual Member of Parliament, cognisant of this state of things, will remain responsi ble for its continuance? And is it surprising that the administration of the country should be attended with so much difficulty, and the formation of a Ministry a mat ter of so much anxiety and embarrassment? We see at once the cause why the national defences cannot be ren dered secure, the colonies maintained or protected, or even the present taxes endured. But we have spoken of the changes in the value of money as yet with precise reference only to the action of those changes on the amount of the debts of the country. We must advance further and expose the man ner in which all property and the condition of every in dividual in the country has been thus affected. We must show more distictly the full extent of the changes that have been produced by "that mysterious hand which placed on a resistless lever can raise or de press at will the value of all property and the price of all commodities." We must explain how it is that leases have been made " gambling speculations on the value of money," and the legitimate transactions of trade made hazardous and ruinous. Let all men, land lords, merchants, manufacturers, tradesmen, farmers, and labourers, shareholders in railways, and those who toil at the:plough, the loom, and the :shuttle, consider these fluctuations in the currency, and then look back at the movements of their own affairs for the last 30 years, and they will see how it is that changes to them hereto fore incomprehensible in the value of their property and results of their operations have been effected. Let.ns first briefly recapitulate the results of the mon strous mutations to which we have already directed at tention as regards the debts of the country. Mr. Johnston has shown that the private debts of the country amount to about sixteen hundred millions, the public debt of the country to about eight hundred millions, making the total debt of the country about twenty-four hundred millions. Mr. Johnston has shown that by the currency measure of 1819 this amount of twenty-four hundred millions was actually increased in value from 30 to 50 per cent., that is, at the lowest estimate, not less than eight hundred millions were, by the alteration in the currency made by the Act of 1819, added at one blow to tie public and private burthens of the country. Since that time the currency has been three times contracted, three times expanded. Each contraction has increased the debts of the country eight hundred millions at least; each expansion has reduced them again eight hundred millions. These six changes, therefore, have made an alteratittn of not less than forty-eight hundred millions in the debts of the country alone, that amount repre senting the changes of property that have been made between the classes of debtors and creditors alone. Let it be observed that the bills of exchange alone in circulation are taken at four hundred millions. Each change of 30 to 50 per cent. has altered the value of the bills of exchange in circulation not less than one hun dred and thirty millions. The changes have been re peated six times. Need we wonder any longer at the ruin of the commercial classes whose transactions are represented by bills of exchange? Mr. Porter estimates the value of the annual produce of the land at three hundred millions sterling. The gross value of manufactured productions is estimated by Mr. Spackman at one hundred and eighty-seven mil lions sterling, making the total value of the annual pro duce of land and manufactures four hundred and eighty seven millions sterling. Let some bold arithmetician calculate the total amount of loss occasioned by the six changes altering the value of one year's produce only at each change not less than one hundred and sixty-two millions. And let not this statement appear exaggerated, for the Manchester Chamber of Commerce showed in 1839 a loss of forty millions sterling caused by one fluctuation in particular branches of trade. Need we wonder at the changes we have seen in the circumstances of the farmers, merchants, manufacturers, and labourers of all classes? Look at the vast Sums invested in railway pro perty, and consider the effect of these changes of 30 to 50 per cent. made in the value of that property by the alterations in the value of money, and we see at once explained all the ups and downs that have so much asto nished us. Consider the manner in which the fifty millions of annual taxes have been six times increased and diminished in value from 30 to 50 per cent., that is raised in value at one time to seventy millions the full rate of the war, by the contraction of the currency, at another time reduced to fifty millions again by the ex pansion ;of the currency, and we see at once why the revenue has so often fallen off and so often again improved. The value of that portion of real property only assessed to the income-tax in 1842 was calculated by Mr. Porter at two thousand three hundred and eighty-two millions. Six times has an alteration of not less than one-third been made in that amount, each alteration being no less than eight hundred millions. But when it is considered that the income and the property, and the position of every one in the kingdom who has a shilling in his pocket, who earns a shilling, who owes or has a shilling owing to him, from the Queen on the throne down to the humblest of her subjects, from the revenue of royalty down to the wages of the poorest workman, has been at each of these six changes alter nately increased and diminished by one-third, at the lowest estimate, have we not at once before us the full explanation of the frightful and stupen dous phenomena of panics, prosperity, and pau perism, which we have witnessed during that period of thirty years in which these changes have been in action? We see at once explained the glittering masses of wealth suddenly tossed up on one side, and the obscure abysses of extreme poverty that threaten to engulf us on the other. We shrink from the calculation of the aggregate loss and the contemplation of the con sequent sufferings that have been thus occasioned. The first may, however, be counted, and we trust the esti mate, however alarming, will be made; but who can form an appreciation of the moral and physical tortures that have thus been caused and endured? Need we be surprised that these tremendous changes have produced moral dislocations as astounding as the physical phe nomena which are produced by the convulsions of nature. Changes in the value of money, the vital atmosphere of civilized life, are as general and universal in their action as are any modification in the character of the air we breat he - And when we consider that the people at lar g em nature come acquainted some day with the extent a n d of the destructive process to which money, the medium 1 of exchange, which is the necessary e social existence, has been subjected; that already of their already this knowledge has been widely spread, and that the great body of the productive population will soon understand end . ured and know the cause of the sufferings they have it not, rather, the reason why—would it not hs, w imperatively necessarY to consider, is w e l l i s le there is yet time to amend the evif, and remedy the injustice, and guard against the recurrence of such calamities, before another convulsion may carry with it all that yet re mains of the tottering fabric of society? Let the cur rency system of 1819 be promptly and decisively aban doned, and the country may yet be saved. And let it be remembered that it is not proposed to change a fixed and settled standard and measure of value, but to abo lish a system of fluctuations which has changed the value of money six times from 30 to 50 per cent. in the last thirty years, and to substitute a fixed and settled system, which shall give to menu a regular and permanent value, which shall be sufficient in amount for the wants of the country, and possess, with sufficiency, that stability and security which constitute the requisites of the medium of exchange. It is no question of altering the value of mon e y. is to fix the value of money. A s has be en time the currency has been e x p an d e d t h e co untry has Theshow question e e s v t e i every been prosperous, and the Acts of 1819 and 1844 have been in effect as much abandoned as if they bad never been passed. The present partial prosperity is known to be mainly caused by an expansion in the currency, which cannot last under our proms 'Mem. AU that ~.~~, !- n- •;'. , ) is necessary i s to C3D . ue permanently that amount of currency which we ave bad at those times when we have enjoyed prosperity; and a nation that can find se curity for a national debt of eight hundred millions, can have no difficulty in finding security for twenty or thirty millions of currency. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, INDICATOR. P.S. I subjoin the extracts referred to from Mr. Locke and Mr. David Hume, with a passage from the evidence of Mr. N. M. Rothschild, confirming by his practical ex• perience the results of the philosophical observations of the eminent authorities first mentioned, and I hope for these also you will kindly find space:— "In every kingdom into which money begins to flow in greater abundance than formerly, everything takes a new face; labour and industry gain life; the merchant becomes more enterprising, the manufacturer more dili gent and skilful, and even the farmer follows his plough with greater alacrity and attention. The good policy of the magistrate consists only in keeping it, if possible, still increasing, because by ant means he keeps alive a spirit of industry in the nation, and increases the stock of labour, iu which consists all power and riches.—From "Essay on Money," by David Hume. " It one-third of the money employed in trade were locked up, or gone out of England, must not the land holders necessarily receive one-third less for their goods, and consequently rents fall, a less quantity of money by one-third being to be distributed amongst an equal number of receivers? Indeed, people not per ceiving the money to be gone. are apt to be jealous, one of another ; and each suspecting another's in equality of gain to rob him of his share, every one will be employing his skill and power the best he can to re trieve it again, and to bring money into his pocket is the same plenty as formerly. But this is but scrambling amongst ourselves, and helps no more against our want, than the pulling off a short coverlet will, amongst children that lie together, preserve them all from the cold. Some will starve. unless the father of the family provide better, and enlarge the scanty covering. This pulling and con test is usually between the landed man and the merchant; for the labourer's share being seldom more than a bare subsistence, never allows that body of men time or op- • portunity to raise their thoughts above that, or struggle • with the richer for theirs (as one common interest), un less when some common or great distress, uniting them in one universal ferment, makes them forget respect, and emboldens them to carve to their wants with armed force; and then sometimes they break in upon the rich and sweep all like a deluge."—From M.r.Locke's " Conii derations on Money." " If this country has money in abundance, it will have all the trade from the whole world; and if you make money very scarce, the trade will go to other countries." —Extracts from Evidence of N. M. Rothschild, Esq., before Committee of House of Commons on Bank Charter in 1832. / .., , THE DUTY ON PAPER. On Saturday a deputation of Members of Parliament and paper manufacturers waited on the Chancellor of the Ex chequer for the purpose of pressing on his attention the pro priety of removing the present duty on paper. The deputa tion comprised the names of Viscount Bernard, M.P., Lord Naas, bI.P., Sir Lucius O'Brien, M.P., Captain Bunburj, ALP., Lieutenant-Colonel-D u n ne , M.P., M r . R e y n olds, M.P., The ,O'Gorman Mahen, M.P., Mr. Keogh, M.P., Mr. W. Fagan, Zll. P , Mr. Robert Keating, M.P.. Mr. E. B. Roche, M.P., Mr. O'Higgins, M.P., Mr. E. K. Tenison, M.P., Mr. Alagan, M.P., Mr. P. S. Butler, M.P., Mr. Cowan, M.P., Mr. S. Fagan, M.P., Mr. E. Grogan, M.P., Mr. Martin, J. Blake, M.P., Mr. Fitzstephen French, M.P. Mr. R. O'Flaherty, ALP., Mr. WC allagh, M.P., Mr.E. Corbally , M.P., Mr. W. Goold, ALP., Mr. John Cameron, Mr. Henry' Jordan, Mr. Ingram, Mr. Courtenay, Mr. Alexander Thom, Mr. Wright, Mr. G. P. Barnes, Dr. Grey, Mr. Beaumont, Mr. John Kaye, Mr. Robert Heron, and Mr. G. Huggett. Mr. REYNOLDS, who introduced the deputation, explained that it was not composed exclusively of Irish Members, there being one Scotch Member present and some eminent paper manufacturers from Ireland and other places. Since they had the honour of their last interview with the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, circumstances had arisen which were:likely to involve the necessity of alterations to some extent in the financial arrangements of the Government, and they believed that the interval afforded them a favourable opportunity of pressing again upon the Right Honourable Gentleman the propriety of embodying in his Budget some measure of relief for the paper manufacturers. It was the strong and almost unanimous feeling of the Irish repre sentatives, without reference to politics, that there should be a total repeal of the paper duties.—(Hear, hear.) He re ferred to the numerous and influential petitions that had been presented from Ireland on the subject to the House of Commons, and expressed his conviction that by the repeal of the duty a great relief would be afforded to trade, and employment afforded to a vast number of the able-bodied population of Ireland. Ireland's poverty might, he said be traced to the want of employment, and it was therefore the duty of Irish Members to endeavour to remove every ob stacle that stood in the way of finding remunerative work for the mass of the people. The duty itself was difficult to collect ; it was out of the power of Government to prevent smuggling to a large extent. He thought the people of Ire land were entitled to some relief, though they were not liable to the assessed taxes, when so large a surplus of revenue existed, and he trusted that the Chancellor of the Exchequer would take the matter tnto his consideration. MN H. JORDAN said, that the paper manufacturers claimed the abolition of the duty on very strong grounds—viz., that many years ago a Committee of the House of Commons re conunended the taking off the duty on leather, paper and glass. From the experience of the glass trade he augured a large increase in the manufacture of paper, and in the employment given to the people when the duty thereon was removed. The trades dependent on it, such as printing and bookbind ing, would also be greatly increased, as well as the manufac ture of papier tnache, which could be employed in a great variety of ways. They claimed relief not only on these grounds, but also on account of the vexatious and anomalous regulations to which they were subjected in the manufacture of an article which was an essential necessary to the social progress of the country.(Hear.) Mr. COURTENAY reminded Sir C. Wcod that of all the manufactures carried on in Ireland that of raper was the only one that had maintained its ground—the woollen and cotton manufactures having given way. It was the more important to Ireland, because it went band in hand with the flax trade, in which there was a movement at present to encourage its growth. Both combined would be the means of affording employment to a large additional number of persons. It was supposed, because all the rags 'were consumed at present, that the manufacture could not be increased ; but straw bad been extensively used, and one man had arranged all his machinery to manufacture paper from straw, but would not take out a patent till the law had been repealed. Turf could also be employed for the same purpose, but the manufacture from turf had been discontinued—not because it had not been found to suit, but because a duty according to weight was heavier upon turf than upon the Arrest tissue paper. Mr. FAGAN stated that in the county of Cork the expense of watching the manufacture cost more than the amount of duty paid, and he believed that in many other parts of Ire land the same thing occurred. He ale, drew Sir C. Wood's attention to the amount of smuggling carried on. Mr. E. B. ROCHE, M.P., said that the refuse of flax could now be worked up so as to be manufactured into very good paper. Tow, which at present was only worth 41. per ton, would thus become worth 301. per ton. They were now cul tivating flax very extensively in the south of Ireland, and anything that would encourage that very important product was deserving of great consideration. Many of the paper mills were shut up from the extent to which smuggling was carried on. In consequence of the repeal of the corn-laws, the Irish millers had resolved on abandoning that trade, being undersold by the French, and thus a number of mills worked by water power.would be thrown idle. What was required for the manufacture of paper was good water and good wate-rpower, and these existed in Ireland to an un limited extent. Mr. W. GOOLD, d.P., said that at present the chief supply of rags to the papermakers came from Spanish South America, but if the flax movement in Ireland succeeded, they need not go to a foreign country for that supply. Mr. GRoGAN, M.P., informed the 'Chancellor of the Ex chequer that a new process for manufacturing a substitute for paper had been discovered which did not ccme within the regulations of the Excise laws, and was, therefore, free of duty. In what posi ion, therefore, would those gentlemen be placed who, with every desire to obey the law, were placed in competition with the patentee of this invention ?—(Hear.) Viscount BERNARD, 111,P., said that, notwithstanding the great distress existing in Ireland for the last few years, none of the taxes repealed by the Legislature had afforded her any relief, while she had suffered from the operation of free trade much more severely than Ergland. Mr. COWAN, M.P., pointed out to the Chancellor of the Exchequer that the permit system, which had been abolished so advantageausly in the spirit trade, still existed and was found very objectionable in that of paper; the manufacturers were made responsible for every label issued to them, and the detention and expense they occasioned were a very serious impediment to the manufacture. Where paper was ex ported all the regulations about labelling and numbering had to be gone through a second time, and the result was that the export trade in low descriptions of paper was also annihilated. (Hear, hear.) A French manufacturer bad recently shown him a piece of paper, shaped like a man's chest, which he called a cuirasse, made from straw. w l s t i s i vu to strong and substantial, and though tli t eyladno showed the manufacture such articles - ( la . e ugh m )- ight be applied. He va riety of purposes to which-Ap d• The duty, however, made abroad of paper instead of need only instance boxes, of .. a w p w h eo i r ch . great varieties were of 700 or 800 per cent. on upon straw imposed an addition immediately taken the Americans won feap p were not imme the cost of the raw material, and he feared that if some ld ste ps neutral markets.—(Hear.) deputation w'thd b the 1 rew, 0 se rve d to an y urgingop opinion t n h o e r t te a l no t t ri on . l ß y E t y h N ei o r Ln co s lo , n b i e e t or b e n t propriety n the mbar of Irish p th a a p t er th d e u y ty c , o , BERNARD,,n stamp and advertisement duties. w n i fin tho ed ut t e li x em pr s e e s l s v in es g of V.iscoovuni with reference to the nu Members present (26), observed, that there would have been no difficulty in obtaining the presence of 100 of them, bad their ot h er engagements permitted. The assizes were new goint on in Ireland. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCII EQUER—WeII, gentlemen, I am happy to listen to anything you have to say, but I have nothing to say to you, as you must know.—(Laughter.) The deputation then withdrew, Mr. REYNOLDS thanking Sir C. Wood for the patient attention with which he had received them. THE LL/aNGHLRNE POISONING CASES.—Elizabeth Gibbs, late cook in the family of Mr. Severn, of Llangharne, was tried at Carm ar th en on Wednesday, on a charge of having poisoned her fellow-servant, Rebecca Uphill. She was acquitted of this charge, but was detained to take her trial on an indictment charging her with having poisoned her mistres s , M rs . S eve rne, but the eviden ce bein g of a pre cisely similAr character, she was again acquitted. At the Marlborough-street Police-court on Friday, Richard Douglas, of 6, Belgrave-terrace, who has also pas se d as Captain Douglas and as sir Richard Douglas, was re _ manded on a charg e of obtaining goods under false pretences.ha ve be il e a n r ten for some in eustod y, cha rge d 1 1,,i i t s h t o v, ff -o nonsooess of a similar OUNDLE UNION BREWING COMPANY.—.On Satur day there was a meeting before Master Richards, when Mr. Croxton sought to have a claim of 1,051 allowed as a debt against the estate. From the statements of counsel, it ap peared that Mr. Croxton had become security for the com pany in the sum of 1,0001., for which a suit was subsequently instituted against him, and he was compelled to pay it, and likewise the costs of the action; these together amounted to 1,051/. Mr. Roxburgh, on the part of the official manager, Mr. Hutton, resisted the application. The Master 'dis allowed the demand as a debt, on the grounds that the deed did not confer upon the directors power to borrow the money ; and that the constitution of the company Could not afterwards be altered by a more majority asiola j tU. shareholders. NEW NOVEL BY MR§. TROLLOPE. Jest ready, in 3 ♦ols. post Bvo., • SECON'D L OVE; Or, BEAUTY AND INTELLECT. By MRS. TEOLLOPE.. Author of " Father Eustace,'• ." Petticoat Government," Sec. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.