The Sun. — London, England, 1845-12-26 00:00:00

and Nova Scotia, and the British settlements, all who will not join in the great republican con federacy. What right has America to lay down anysuch outrageous and unjust law ? The original settlers were colonists from this country, and since the declaration of independence the republic has been making the most violent encroachments on every neighbouring state. Florida was unjustly occupied, Louisiana was obtained from the French, because the French Emperor hated the English, and Texas has been taken from Mexico by the most de ceitful tricks, backed by open violence. What right has America to encroach on Mexico, and thereby obtain a footing on that point of the continent which threatens the most dangerous consequences to Bri tish commerce ? But, not satisfied with the Mexi can Gulf, America claims the whole trade of the Pacific—she reckons upon trafficking exclusively be tween the Oregon and California, and the countless islands in the seas of China and Japan, with a view to harass and ultimately destroy our trade in the east. No English Minister can shut his eyes to such immi nent danger, nor wait with his hands folded till not succeed, we hope, either in escaping from us com pletely, or in raising i z serious manner the Arab tribes of the Chelig Aact, the baggage and cavalry of Colonel St. Arnaud had entered Orleans villa on the 1 1 th, and all his column ought to be there at the present moment. On the other band, General Comman's column is still at the foot of Milianah, and these forces properly em ployed must prove suf fi cient to b a ffl e th e E m i r ' s p l an. I f these pre-visions be verified,', Abd-el-Kader will not be able to extricate himself from his position, except by one of the valleys of the Riou of the Oued-Ardjem, or of the Oued-Fodda, and then, at their opening, he might possibly meet the Marshal, if the latter be in formed in time of the movements of the Emir, and he will, without doubt, be aware of it, for the news re ceived from General Jusurs column, give consistency to the intentions attributed to Abd•el-Kader. This column was, on the morning of the 10th, between the Ouled- Bessam and the Ouled-Amer, in a spot called El-Arbaa of the Ottled-Bessam. Its spies had even stopped two of Abd-el-Kader's couriers, through whom the place where the Emir was could be known." We subjoin miscellaneous extracts from the pa pers : N " The whole of the Royal Family came up to the Tail ries from St. Cloud on Saturday, at half-past 5 o'clock, and fixed themselves for the winter. The King was re ceived by several of the Ministers, by the officere of the Household, the two Prefects, and a great number of generals and other superior officers. At 6 his Majesty gave a grand dinner of 80 covers in the Gallery of Diana. The Duke and Duchess de Nemours took up their residence in the Pavillion Martian. " The Moniteur says :---‘ By royal ordonnanco, dated the 21st, M. Letegne, Count de Germiny, formerly Receiver-General of the Department of Saone-et-Loire, and Conseiller Maitre of the Cour des Comptes, is up. pointed Receiver-General of the Seine-Inti ieure, in place of M. Theodore Humann, who has 'given in his resignation.' the power of this encroaching state has become con solidated, and a contest, of the most terrible deicrip don, be forced upon the United Kingdom. We can not, however, for a moment, doubt that Sir R. PEEL sees the danger in its true light, and that, whatever happens, he will maintain the honour and rights of thi s great empire unimpaired. From the days of SHAXESPERR " Crowner's quest Law" has been a subject of ridicule, and certainly nothing can be more calculated to excite contempt than the manner in which coroners generally conduct themselves in their official capacity. Not only do they exhibit too often an irritability and petulance unbecoming the judicial functions with which they are %vested, as is evi denced by the undignified squabbles now con. stantly occurring between coroners and police magistrates, and by the bandying of re proaches between coroners and witnesses, but by their carelessness or ignorance, or perhaps both, they are actually in many cases positive obstructions to the proper administration of justice, preventing, in stead of aiding, the detection of crime. For in stance, in the case of MARTHA BROWNING, now under sentence of death for the murder of ELIZABETH MUNDELL, it appears that a coroner's inquest was held on the body, that the murderess herself was examined, and that, principally upon her evidence, the jury, under the direction of the coroner, returned a verdict that " the deceased had committed suicide whilst in a state of temporary insanity," thus lulling suspicion and preventing further inquiry. Now this verdict could not have been returned had "The Miteore steamer arrived at Port Vendres on Friday, with M. Roche and the Ambassador from Mo rocco, on their way to Paris. The presents sent by the Emperor to the King of the French were being landed. "According to a letter from Brest of the 11t h, the Jupiter, of the li ne , i s t o f orm part of the expedition to Madagascar, instead of the Gloire and Nereide frigates. The Jupiter is to take 600 troops, and provisions for at least six months. From Lorient we learn that the Armide frigate is to proceed to Brest, to take on board troops for the same expedition. " A letter from Vienna of the 13th says that the Duke de Bordeaux had arrived in that city a few days before, and dined at the Court. On the following day he re turned to Frohsdorf. The Duchess d'Angouleme was passing a few days at the Court, and had been present at the opera of Don Sebastian, in the royal box, with the Empress-Mother. " The Cologne Gazette of the 19th confirms the report of the pregnancy of the reigning Duchess of Gotha. In the event of there being no direct heir, says this journal, the Duchy would become the property of Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria." On Monday, the Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse at 811. 90c.; the New Loan, at 81f. 80c; the Five per Cents.llBl.lsc.; the Orleans Railroad Shares,l,lB7f. 50c.; Rouen, 9701. ; Northern, 7374 50c.; Havre, 770 f. ; Avignon, 897 f. 50c.; Vierzon,6ssl.; Bordeaux, 6201.; Boulogne, 505 f.; Troyes and Montereau, 425 f.; Basle, 2321. 50c.; Fampoux, 500 f.; Spanish Three per Cents., 39%; New Deferred, 16. The following are the quotations for other lines :- Paris and Lyons Railroad (Laffitte), Bf. 50c. premium ; ditto (Cabal), Bf. ; Union, 16f. ; date (Ganneron), 71. ; ditto (Lapinsoiniere), 6f. 50c.; Ardoln, 51. ; Receveurs- Generaux, 6f. ; Paris aid Strasbourg (Ganneron), tf. 50c.; ditto (Bechet), lf. ; Tears and Nantes (Mackenzie), if. ; ditto (Drouillard), 4f.; ditto (O'Nei!l), 51.; ditto (Lefevre), 5f.; Lyons and Avignon (Talabot), 10f. 60c. ; ditto (L... cointe), sf. ; ditto (Cornpagnie Meridional.), If.; Bordeaux and Cette ( Mackenzie), 500 f.; ditto (Espeleta), sf. ; Char leroi (Kysaens), 497 f. 50c. The Lyons Definitive Shares sold at 90f. premium ; the Strasbourg ditto, 22f. 50c.; Tours and Nantes, 52f. 50c. MAnSEILLES, DEC. 18.-Marseilles and Avignon, 645 f. The Paris papers of Tuesday have not arrived. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DEc. 24. Anglo_Belgian - Madrid and Valencia... - Barba does - Boulogne and Amiens l l l4 Namur and Liege 34 Bordeaux &Mediterran - North Jamaica ... - Bordeaux and Toulouse - Orleans and Vierzon Do. & Cette (Espeleta) Orleans and Bordeaux 11% Do. ( Mackenzie's) .. 1 3 / 4 Over Yesel Callao, Lima, and Pa- P ar i s & L yons (Laffitte) 2N citic Coast - Ditto (Gann, " the coroner made the searching inquisition that he ought to have made. There was one witness, the sur geon, Mr. ATKINSON, who examined the body of ELIZABETH MUNDELL after her death, aad who, on the trial of MARTHA BROWNING, at the Old Bailey, deposed " that it was very improbable the deceased could have destroyed herself," at the same time giving his reasons for coming to such an opinion. This gentleman was not examined before the coroner—was not even summoned or inquired atter by that worthy functionary. Not only does the coroner, when examined on BROWNING'S trial at the Old Bailey, state expressly that no medical man was examined at the inquest, but he adds, "I would ROi have examined such a witness had he presented him self ; at least 1 would not have examined him as a matter of course." Surely the Westminster coroner must entertain very peculiar notions of his duty; and, know. ing that he acts on this' rule, we trust the police authorities will for the future place exactly its proper value on the verdict which Westminster coroner's juries may return, and not relax in their endea vours to apprehend those who are suspected of murder, because a jury, presided over by a Westminster coroner, has returned a verdict of natural or accidental death, or temporary insanity. This, moreover, is by no means a solitary case. It was only last week that the Essex magistrates com mitted a man for trial for cutting the throat of his wife ; and in that case an inquest had been held on the body, and the jury found that the deceased had de stroyed herself. Surely these things call for inquiry and for reform, and when the weightier affairs of State afford them leisure, we trust that Sir R. PEEL and Sir J. GRAHAM will direct their attention to the sub ject, for the purpose of devising measures which shall restore the Coroner's Court to its pristine 'efficiency, and make it what it was intended to be, and what it WO S formerly, instead of what it too often is at pre sent, " a mockery, a delusion, and a snare." Central of Spain Ceylon . Demerara Dendre Valley ...... Dutch Rhenish Dieppe & Paris Janet — Dijon and Mulhouse East Indian Fampoux & Hazebrouk -- Grt Northern of France Constituted l6 De. Pepin le Halleur — Great Paris and Lyons 2% Great Western Bengal IA Great Western Canada JAM aka S. Mid. Junction Do. North Do. Extension Jersey _ _ Aaron's). - 3N Ditto (Calon's).... - Ditto (Sad Est) 2 Pans and Orleans — Paris and Rouen Paris and Strasburg (Ganneron's ) Do. (Compe de L'Est) Do. (Aymard's) -•- Paris and St. Quentin. Rouen and Havre — Royal North of Spain — Sambre and Meuse Strasburg and Bale .... 10 Tournay,Jurbise, Lan don, and Hasselt Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie's) . 44 Do. (Lefebvre's) De. (O'Neill's) Loatviiin mad Jemappe 214 Lyons and Avignon Litxembourg Trinidad ...... .... Verona and Ancona.... West Flanders THE MINISTRY.—Lord Ellenborough, it is understood, has taken the office of First Lord of the Admiralty, rice Lord Haddington. FLANDERS MAIL. BELTSSELS, Dec. 21.—The Chamber of Represen tatives voted to-clay the budget of Ways and Means without any important discussion. All the sums under the several heads proposed by the Government, were agreed to. The amendments proposed by M. Savart Martel and by M. Eloy-Burdine were re jected. M. Brabant moved an atnendt first article o f th e pro j ect of law Pnt to the on the Budget. This amendment will be discu7;ded and voted on to morrow's sitting, as well ;is several votes of credit for has different departmet::, z, already been presented. on each of w hi c h a report Large quP;atities of pot a t oes f rom other countries continue e.O arrive at Brussels. Fr:r some days past the Seine has been rising eon sl.d.erably ; if the bad weather continues we shall soon have an inundation, the consequences of which may prove disastrous. We receive pretty satisfactory accounts from the province of Luxemburg respecting the potatoes. A fire near Tobolsk, in Siberia, lately destroyed a forest, 60 leagues in length, and 20 leagues in breadth. Twenty-five persons perished in the flames, which destroyed one village, 13 mills, 1,850 barns, 77,800 stack of hay, 600 horses, 815 horned cattle, &c. BRUSSELS, DEC. 22.—The Chamber commenced its sitting to-day by passing several projects of law granting supplementary votes of credit. It then resumed the discussion of the budget of Ways and Means. Madrid journals of the 16th have been received, but they bring no additional intelligence. The papers are chiefly occupied in commenting on the QUEEN'S speech, and the Chambers were engaged in arranging the preliminary business of the session. The Oppo sition appears to have increased considerably since the prorogation, and debates of importance are there fore anticipated. The Funds contined firm—the Three per Cents. closing at 37, and the Fives at 24, both for the Ac- count. M. Brabant's amendment on the tolls in the Sambre was rejected. The entire budget was then agreed to, -- by 71 members 2 voted ag a i ns t i t , and 2 declined voting. After voting a project of law respecting the transit, the Chamber formed itself into a secret Committee, to discuss its own budget, and then adjourned to the lath of January. The Senate met to-day, and appointed several Committees to examine the projects of law sent up from the Chanaber of Representatives. The almost incessant rains have caused an extra ordinary rise of the Seine and its tributary streams. The meadows, and a great part of the arable land, on the banks, are entirely overflowed. The hamlet of Curaghem and the whole valley of the Seine are threatened with a general submersion. BELGIAN FUNDS.—Bituss us, DEc. 23. Adm..' Debt, 2% per C en t • • Rothschild's Loan, Fi ve per Cent • • . • .. • Lean of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent.... Ditto Three per Cent.... —••• • • • • .... Ditto Thirty-seven Milli ons, ditto .... • • Ditto, ditto, -.-• Ditto,dltto,lB42. . . •.. Ditto, 1844... .... . • . . .•• 37% Ditt0,1836......„ —••••—• ............ Ditto, 1838 .....• ••• .. • ........ •.•• • • . 74 Ditto of the City, 1833 .....• ..... . 102( Ditto, 1843 •—• ••••• • • .. • ~.• 100 Bank nittelgium.• —.. ... •• • . •••• . :• • 75$ —Brussels Papers, DE C . 22, ..AUSTRIAN • FUNDS.—TIENNA, DEC. 17. b per Cent. Metalliques ••••• • • • • • •• • • 4 per Cent. ditto.. •••• • • • • ••• • • • 111% • • . 3 per Cent. ditto • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • ••• • • 176% Loan, 1834 ••• • . ...... •. • .. 160 Ditto, 1839 • • Dank Shares .• 1608 sterhazy's Lban • . • • • • • • • • • .. The Northern, or Ferdinand •• • • • • 1824 Gloggnita • • • 1333 i .... Vienna—Milan • • • • .......... .... • • • • • • • • . 1111 Leghorn •••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 114 Pesch • • ...... ••• • • Sienna • •••••••• • • • • - • • • 106% Oldenburg • • ... ••••• • • • • — Allgemeine Zeltung, Dec. 20. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY MORNING DECEMBER 9.6. 1845 THE LATE JAMES GODING, ESQ. WILL OF THE LATE JAMES GODING, ESQ., OF ST. GEORGIE'S-PLACE, HANOVER-SQUARE, FOKMERLY OF THE CANNON BREWERY, KNIGHTSBRIDGE.—HiS exe cutors are his n. phews, James, William, and Charles Goding, who hav e sw o rn t o th e personal property for probate duty under 120,000/. ; this is entirely exclusive of the freehold, which is very considerable. He directs his executors to invest the sum of 35,0001, and to apply the interest and dividends for the support of his niece, Elizabeth Goding, whom he had adopted, and resided with him, and from her being afflicted with delusion of mind, she has been the object of his tenderest regard and solicitude. He has expressed himself most anxious that she should continue to dwell in the house in St. George's-place, and that nothing should be dis turbed or removed therefrom whilst she is living, and en treats his nephew William, in whom he reposes the greatest reliance, to fulfil his wishes, and, together with his nieces, will often visit her and see to her comfort, and that she is treated with tenderness and kininess, and at her death he desires she should be buried in the vault with him, at the cemetery, Kensal-green. To Doctor Fuller, of Piccadilly, her medical attendant, he leaves a legacy of 2001. To St. George's Hospital, Knightsbridge, 2001. To his nephews. William, Henry, and Charles Goding, he leaves his licensed houses, as specified in his will, as well as other property, freehold and leasehold To his ne phews James and Thomas Goding, 5,000/. each ; liberal legacies to his other nephews and his nieces, and others of his family and friends. Legacies also to his servants, and to two of them he has left the interest of 1,0001 each for life. The 35,0001. on the death of his niece, to be divided into five parts of 7,090/. each, for his nieces, Margaret and Susanna, and nephews William, Henry, and Charles. His brother, Thomas Goding, whom he had appointed one of his executors, and had left to him several houses, died in the lifetime of the testator. The residuary legatees, both of his real and personal estate, are his nephews William and Charles Goding, Esqs. The will, with a codocil, was made in 1841. The deceased died on the 20th ult., in his eighty first year.—Post. COUNTY OF ANTRIM ELECTION CARRICKFERGUS, DEC. 22.—The election of a re presentative or the County of Antrim, in the room of the late Mr Irving, took place in the Cunt-house, Carrickfergus. At twelve o'clock, Sir Mance Beau champ S.ymour entered the hall, accompanied by Jo'ln White E-q., Sheriff of the County, James Wat ,on Esq., of Brookhill; It. Dobbs, Esq., of Caitle- Dobbs ; the very Rev. Dean Stannus, Major Naugh ton, &c. INCOME-TAX ON VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS. (From the Edinburgh Advertiser.) In our paper of the 12th instant we inserted a corres pondence between the Rey. Charles Fox Vardy and Charles Pressly, Esq., the Secretary of the Stamps and Taxes, London, with reference to the liability to income tax on the part of clergymen whose incomes are derived solely from the voluntary contributions of their hearers. Mr. Preasly, it will be remembered, stated that if their income was derived, solely from voluntary contribution, clergymen were not required to make a return of the same for assessment under the Property Tax Act. It will be seen from the following c Trespondence, which has taken place subsequently to that announcement, that this decision has been reversed by the Commissioners : " 13, Young .street, Edinburgh, 9th Dec., 1845. " Sir,—l have been requested by several of my clients (clergymen), who have received schedules far the pur pose of returning to Government the amount of income received by them, for assessment under the property tax, to apply to you for information as to their obliga tion to make a return, seeing that their incomes depend solely upon the voluntary contributions of the congrega Lions. May I request your early reply for their guid ance. I have honour to be, &c., The clerk having read the writ of election, Mr. WATON, of Brookhill, proposed Sir H. B. Sey mour as a fit and proper person to represent the con stituency of county Antrim in Parliament. Mr. It Donna seconded the nomination. No other candidate INving been proposed, the sheriff declared Sir Horace duly elected. The Honourable and Gallant MEMBER, in returning thanks said he would endeavour so to discharge the duties of his office that they should have no occasion to repent the confidence they had placed in him. He had been trained up in constitutional principles, and what he had been taught to revere w hen a boy he wouldcomtinue to venerate through life. Circumstances had of late occurred, which had made him distrust in some degree that party on which he had hitherto be stowed his confidence, and he was not prepared to say that he would support them now, as he would have done six months ego. But he was bound to no party; he would act according to the best of his jud 4 ment for the good of his constituents. At the close of this short address, The Rev Mr. GREEN, vicar of Antrim, put the fol lowing query to the, newly returned Member:—" In the event of a Bill being brought into Parliament to re p, al the Ma7nooth Endowment Act, will you give it your support ?" The answer given by Sir Horace was to the effect that he had voted for the principle of educating the Roman Catholic priesthood, because he thought they would be made thereby more accessible to argument• in favour of Protestantism. He would not, therefore, pledge himself to a repeal of the grant to Maynooth. I' the principle had not already been acknowledged and acted upon, he might pause before giving it his assent His interrogator expressed himself pleased with the candour of the statement, but, at the same time, ex pressed his dissatisfaction that Sir H Seymour did not see it to be his duty, as a Protestant, to oppose the grant referred to. The proceedings then termi nated. " ROBERT DOUIE. " Charles Pressly, Esq., Secretary, " Stamps and Taxes, London." " Stamps and Taxes, London, Dec. 15, 1845. " Sir,—ln reply to your letter of the 9th instant, relative to voluntary contributions to clergymen and dissenting ministers being liable to Income-tax, I beg to inform you that the commissioners of this revenue have again had the subject under their consideration, and are now of opinion that all profits or emoluments which accrue to any person from the exercise of any office, profession, employment, or vocation, whether the same arises from voluntary contributions or otherwise, are chargeable with such tax, and consequently that cler gymen and others who derive their income from such a source, are required by law to make a return of the same for assessment. A letter to this effect has been written to the Rev. Mr. Vardy, by whom the question was first raised.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, " CHARLES PRESSLY. R. Douie, Bsq., 13, Young-street, Edi nburgh.' --- - FORTUNATE Loss. .Many years ago a lady sent her servant, a young man about twenty years of age, and a native of that part °lithe country where his mistress resided, to the neighbouring town, with a ring which required some alteration, to be delivered into the hands of the jeweller. The young man went the shortest way, across the fields; and, coming to a little wooden bridge that crossed a small stream, he leaned against the rail and took the ring ont of its case to look at it. While doing so it slipped out of his hand and fell into the water. In vain he searched for it, even till it grew dark, He thought it fell into the hollow of the stump of a tree under water; but he could not find it. The time taken in the search was so long that he feared to return and tell his story, thinking it incredible, and that he should often be suspected of having gone into evil compel]) and gamed it away or sold it. In this fear he determined never to return; left wages and clothes, and fairly ran away. This seemingly great misfortune was the making of him. His intermediate history I know not ; but this, that after many years absence, either in the East or West Indies, he returned with a very considerable fortune. Be now wished to clear himself with his old mistress; ascertained that she was living; pur chased a diamond ring of considerable value, which he de- termined to present in person, and clear his character by telling hit tale, which the credit of his present condition might testify. He took the coach to the town of —, and thence s e t ou t to wa lk the distance of a few miles. He found, I should tell you, on alighting, a gentleman who resided in the neighbourhood, and who was bound for the ad jacent village. They walked together; and, in conversation, this former servant, now a gentleman, with graceful manners and agreeable address, communicated the circumstance that made him leave the country abruptly many years before. As he was telling this they came to the very wooden bridge. "There," said he, "it was just here that I dropped the ring; and there is the very bit of old tree into a hole of which it fell—just there." At the same time he put down the point of his umbrella into the hole of a knot in the tree, and, drawing it up, to the astonishment of both, found the very e:- - mthaekefetrhruislereotifectthioenuzbvrheylla.wasl it ne t e h the rest, butd , not eat, o find it immediately—at he did not as.easily rallen ? It was an incident .uell's Hermit, which, though a seeming chanes,. was 0#: like one of those in purpthee, and most important—Blackwood's Aragal;ae. itoirat, STAG-HOUNDS.—The meet, on Wednesday at the Crooked Billet, Iver Heath, was attended by a field of after_ it nearly 200, including his Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge, who was accompanied by Mr. George Womb well, the Earl of Rosslyn, Lieutenant Kirwan, and several of the officers of the 4th Light Dragoons from Hounslow, Messrs. Cox, Worley, &c. The celebrated stag, Tom Thumb, upon being uncarted at Pole-hill, nearly six miles from the place of meeting, took away towards the feeder of the reser voir, where it doubled back into Long-lane, making for Hil lingdon, through Mr. Clarke's parks at Swakeleys, and thence in the direction of the reservoir at Ruislip, where it doubled to the left, across Mr. Newdigate's farm, on nearly to Badger Heath. Tom Thumb then made for Harefield, and was caught in a farm yard between that village and the copper mills, after a run of nearly an hour, over a line of country rendered extremely heavy in consequence of the late rains. Prince George of Cambridge and the Earl of Rosslyn were amongst those who were up at the finish. The meet to-morrow will be at Littleton, near Chertsey ; on Monday next a t firoomhill Hut ; and on the following Fri day at Salt Hill. engag that Mr. ENGINEE RS TO N E W LINES.---It appears from a ineers are respectively Brunel is connected with 14, Mr. Robert Stephenson with 34, Sir John Macneill with 37, Mr. Locke with 34, Mr. w i th 17, with 22, Sir John Rennie with 20, Mr. Rastrick with 17, Mr. Miller with 10, Mr. Gravatt with 10, Mr. S, Hughes with 9, Mt. W. Cubitt with 11, Mr. Gibbs with 12, Messrs. One of the Birch with 7, Mr. Blunt with 8, and Mr. Braithwaite with 9. e n ve E n a i ti n T m V aturity, is given examplesTE GREEK'Sof in Niobe the mother. The difficulty was to make her as beautiful as her daughters; to keep up, in fact, the family likeness, and yet to make her evidently the mother I regard the delicacy and success, the knowledge of nature, end the refined taste, by which this is aeetittlpilsned. When the most beautiful women have had large families, there is, after their meridian, a little tendency to double chin ; which is utter seen in the braced elasticity Of youihm beauty. To have altered the form of her cheek } to hate a little sunk her eyes, to have wrinkled ever so slightly her forehead, would have Injured the beauty of her features; but by keeping the form of the lace unaltered, end giving a little double chin, the end was attained : a look of maternity, without ugliness, given, and beauty still triumphant, even in ege.--gaydon's Lectures on Painting and liesiot, DREADFUL GALEB.—LIVERYOO4 Yesterday and Monday this toot, and neighbourhood were visited with heavy gales from the north-west, which have done considerable damage, both on sea and land. The greater par( of a new church, built at West Derby, Was blown clown, and many other buildings in the town and neighbourhood were injured. The ship Howard ) *filth had been driven into the river Dee, had her Maitittiest tarried away; and the Dublin mail steamer, in the evening, was compelled to re turn, the sea rolling so heavily. At eleven o'clock, however, she proceeded, but at four yesterday morning she was only 12 miles W. o f the light-ship, which is 24 miles from Liver pool. Cie was then encountering a tremendous gale, and `"as making but little way against it. To-day the weather has moderated, but the wind is still strong, and the telegraph cannot work owing to fog. The ship Howard had been towed into the Channel. The election occupied only a short time, and there were but few persons present. In the afternoon a number of the electors sat down to a sumptuous repast with their newly elected Member, in the B oar d- room a dj oining the Court house, when a number of loyal and other toasts were proposed and responded to, among the rest the health of the Honourable and Gallant Member, which was received with the most enthusiastic cheering. The festive meeting, after lasting about two hours, broke up at three o'clock. HE REGISTRATION FOR NORTH LANCASHIRE. (From the Manchester Guardian.) The following circular shows the alarm which prevails in the monopolist camp respecting the representation of the northern division of this county whenever an election may oceur Blackburn, Dec. 11, 1845. Dear Sir,—At a meeting, this day, of several gentle mer favourable to the maintenance of the Conservative interest in the northern division of this county, now seri ously menaced by the active exertions of the Anti-Corn law League, a scheme was submitted for improvmg and rendering more efficient the registration of voters in that interest, throughout the division ; which was favourably received, but cannot be carried out at a less expense than from 1,5001. to 2.0001. annually. It was the unanimous opinion of the meeting that it would not be right to allow the Members for the division to bear the whole of so serious an outlay ; but that a subscription ought to be entered into, for the purpose of raising a fund from which the expenses may be de frayed. I am, therefore, requested to draw your attention to the matter, and to solicit your assistance ; for which I am conv . nced no argument is requisite, because of the obvi ous necessity of a strenuous effort being now made, un- i leis the supporters of a Conservative line of policy are prepared, at the next election, to surrender their legiti mate influence at the will of an unconstitutional asso ciation. The subscriptions are requested for two years only, by way of experiment ' • and the m ax i mum i s l i mited to IN., in order to afford scope for a general manifesta tion of support. I shall feel obliged by your forwarding any sum you may think proper to contribute, at your earliest convenience, to Mr. Backhouse, solicitor, the secretary for this district. I are, dear Sir, yours, faithfully, WILLIAM FEILDEN, Chairman. NEW YORK BRE AKF ASTS. I went to several boarding-houses before finally tb g o n A,hhe,ci.oilto n itlarnc e etnphkso r e da y, s a eafni a l sEnke l enp y :feni :dasig:alr r iahera about e a: siatu a inh B l e s bld s m r itl. making a selection. In answer to inquiries for the terms, etstmaalot t aiea h nibnatos e ad.leonte y ba mdandloet:so w ffiTi, hill selkl e chmaiaar: E drsr e ffu.:hoce . n n s ti a d b u .: r s e e te d e r n t li l o i n e u g i g r h ;hao ; nudrt the e h ß l i r g , e w h a e e k s s - t i molasses,put ; and hdrhwelve o rolls oyoi , o nfeu t glgl o: every vk e le beef-steaks, roftnya-ksnastdedekeaassekucbrsrpeu, supper mush edtrisaoananl tt : n enough ; but really, on inspection, this well-covered an use d dirteo i t ti h iy e th e i a ti r g ly hours and temperancteleenvfetrhtyahteoniAsemmeevunesin.t cans, yet only imagine a Londoner, and an old hand not much worse than the shady side of Ise assembling an at six o'clock at the no' of ;eat bell—washed d shaved, mind, by six o'clock— a to took at an immense rump-steak at the head of the table swimming in fat, not half coeked ; then lower down a diih of enormous salt mackerel, one of which would make two of our English mackerel ; then some Halifax salmon just as taken from the barrel, and as ball as brine ; then two or three smaller dishes, some with mush--a food for pigs —and others with hommaney, only differing from mush in that this last is white maize ground and boiled in water, whilst mush is yellow corn g in ro l, ll :n n g d la a n nd boiled. d,thank As this sort ceptin of th f e oo p d en is i te n n o t t ia k ri n e o s :vn l have been rather particular in describing it. No caution is required to my countrymen to avoid it, because the r v e e m ry at s n ig de h r t o o f r i t t h e w t i a l l h b l e e wasenoufigihl e d to u p m w a e th h s im sick. some warmed- rm i ed u . up tough old hen, called chicken fixings—all washed down with the most execrable coffee in the whole world. I used t , ) think that England might defy all creation for bad coffee, but the Americans beat us hollow. We were some thirty or forty at breakfast. The men ate like wolves ; and, cheap as it was, I reckoned it cost them a shilling per minute. Little children, who also assemble at these tables, were permitted, by their foolish mothers, to be guzzling raw rump-steak, swim ming in fat, at six o'clock in the morning ! Rambles in the Chited States. WASTE OF SEA-COASTS. The abbey of Whitby, at its first erection by Lady Hilda in 958, is reported to have been a mile from the sea; but the distance from the verge of Whitby east cliff to the nearest part of the abbey, measured in the line of transept, was found in 1816 to be little more than 200 yards. Along the coast line of Yorkshire, from Bridinngton Quay to Spurn Point, the shore has no im portant inlet or projection, and consists of beds of clay, gravel, sand, and chalk rubble; and exposed to a strong current from the north, as well as to the uncontrolled action of the wails, the annual devastation committed here is very extensive. Of the villages of Auburn, Hartburn, and Hyde, in the Bay of Bridlington, only the remembrance remains. Several places on the shore preserve, in the termination of their names, a memorial of sneres, or freshwater lakes, once having existed in their neighbourhood —as Skipeea, Kilnsea, and Withern sea, the Scandinavian sjo signifying a lake; but the sea ha 3 broken into these meres, and absorbed them, though recesses on the shore seem to mark the spots they ot.c,! occupied. The mere at Hornsea still survives; but this place which was once several miles inland, has been brought within half a mile of the water's edge, and the hamlet of Hornsea Beck been utterly de stroyed. The waste of the coast amounts to about four yards a year; and farmers may be met with who have witnessed the corn wave where the sea now prevails. The depredations of the ocean towards Spurn Point, at the entrance of the Humber estuary, have been still more considerable; nor is it unlikely that the Point will ere long become an island. Ravenspur—with the latter part of which word the name Spurn seems to be connected, an important place in this locality —has long since been lost, with a number of other places in the vicinity, belonging to Bristol Priory; and the site of the priory itself has been totally swept away. Pennant remarks—" The site, and even the very names of several places, once towns of note upon the Humber, are now only recorded in his tory ; and Ravenspur was at one time a rival to Hull, and a port so very considerable in 1332, that Edward Baliol and the confederated English barons sailed from hence to invade Scotland; and Henry IV., in 1399, made choice of this port to land at, to effect the deposal of Richard 11. ' • yet th e w h o l e h as l ong s i nce been de voured by the merciless ocean ; extensive sands, d r y at low water, are to b e seen in heir stead." Mr. Lyell makes a remarkable statement respecting Sheringhana, on the coast of Norfolk.—"l ascertained, in 1829, some facts which throw light upon the rate at which the sea gains on the land. It was computed, when the present inn was built, in 1805, that it would require seventy Years for the sea to reach the spot, the mean loss of land, b'ing calculated, from previous observations, to be some what less than one yard annually. The distance be tween the house and the sea was fifty ye.rds ; but no al lowance was made for the slope of the ground being from the sea, in consequence of which the waste was na turally accelerated every year, as the cliff grew lower, there being at every succeeding period leas matter to re move when portions of equal area fell d own. Between the years 1824 and 1829, no less than 'seventeen yards were swept away, ano only a small garden was then left between the building and the sea. There is now a depth of twenty feet—sufficient to float a frigate—at one point, in the harbour of the port, where only forty-eight years ago, there stood a cliff fifty feet high, with houses upon it. If once in half ts, century an equal amount of change were produced at once by the momentary shock of an earthquake, history would be filled wit. h records of such wonderful revolutions of the earth's sut. face ; but if the conversion of high land into deep sea be gradual, it ex cites only local attention. The flag-staff of the Preven tive S erv i ce stataon, on the sou th s id e o f i l k 's harbour, has, within the last fifteen years, been thrice removed inland, in consequence of the advance of thiN Sea*" CLEA N - STREETS.—EMPLOYMENT OF THE POOR, AND RELIEF OF AirritotiouTAN DESTITUTION. — Yesterday ninety poor men, engaged by the Association for the Pro motion of Clean Streets, &c., were treated to a dinner of roast beef and plum pudding and a pot of. ale each, at the Albion coffee and ale house, in Grocers' Ilall-court. The men were afterwards addressed by the President of the As sociation, complitnenting them on their conduct and exer tions. These men are employed at 2s. 6d. a day . each, and the above Associati on h ave the benevolent object in view of giving, or causing to be employed, during the winter, a great number of poor and able-bodied men, and their exertions are deserving of public support. It is stated upon good authority, that if the large towns in England were thus to employ their poor, it would release them from a large amount of parish expenses, besides improving the healthiness of the towns, and give employment to more than 40,000 able-bodied poor men. HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTION, AND DISEASES OF THE CHEST, lino3u-rox.—At the meeting of the directors and committee of the Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest, at present located at Chelsea, held yesterday at the board- room, Great Marlborough -street, it was stated that her Majesty the Queen had most graciously condescended to patronise the forthcoming bazaar, to be held in honour of the opening of the western wing of the new building, now in course of erection at Brompton. It is stated by the builders (the Messrs. Birds, of Brook-green, Hammersmith) that the new hospital will be ready for the reception of patients about Midsummer next. A fine specimen of that curious bird the razor-bill (alea torda), so common in the summer months on our rocky cliffs, was shot last week on the Thames between Westmin ster-bridge and Hungerford by Mr. Hawkes, master of the steamer Waterman 10. When first seen it was pursued by some boys in a boat, who were endeavouring to capture it, and with the natural aversion of the genus to take wing, endeavoured to escape by diving. There is hardly an instance on record of this sort of bird having been seen so far from its accustomed haunt,, which are the precipitous limestone and granite cliffs on the southern coast of England, LITERATURE. • IR E.NE a a Poem. By Alexander Comyne. This is a work of promise. Mr. Alexander Cornyne, it is evident, is a young man, and, like all young poets, he delights in description, and exquisitely graphic many of his descriptions are. The following, which we meet with in the second page of the poem, is quite a Claude like pictures,-- the priest, and the means of pro`ecting holy things' from desecration on the occasion of alarm, which in those uncertain times suddenly happened, and as suddenly pissed away." To trairs'Ortn these sa gacious and probable conjectures into an established reality, to calculate the precise age and the exact uses of these interesting structures, to give them at once an identity of time and character, such have beets the objects which, in the present undertaking, Mr. George Petrie has ever endeavoured to reach. Keeping constantly before him the attainment of truth, he has escaped those incongruities which distinguished all of his predecessors : he never forsakes a fallacy until it has been most accurately and minutely divulg , d, as an instauce of which we may refer particularly to his mention of Dr. O'Connor lend his rois oonceived translations. The volume as a whole deserves all possible praise for the spirit in which it is penned, although it opens in the somewhat questionable and ungrateful character of one ready to overwhelm his opponents with sarcasm; nevertheless, when w e re collect the principle quem aznat ille castigat, and per ceive, even in his composition of the dedicatory ad dress, the enthusiasm of the antiquary and the earnestness of his national disposition, we cannot but overlook a failing so materially to the advantage of science. The typography, the embellishments, all the arrangements about the appeanince of the work, are in admirable keeping with its value as an acqui sition to the architectural library—they are all good: in addition to which the volume presents one excellent feature in its favour,--it has no rival ;in its pages the round towers of Ireland are enshrined. " It is not day, it is not night: The tranquil flood of amber light, That lingers on the mountain's brow, And casts its - fading tints below, That parting, yet in uni o n h o ld s The approacldng twilight's dusky folds; And the pure brilliance of the west, That gilds afar the tetherial vest ; Combine an atmosphere of bliss, So soft, so calm, to human sense; There breathes around such innocence Of thought and passion, that the soul, Springing beyond its earthly goal, And free as its own element. With health and vigour redolent, Dwells in ideal happiness. It is not night ; the veil of bliss That hangs o'er nature, shrouds a rest, • Oh ! far more exqui,itely blest ! 'Tis day, now melted into peace."; The plot of the poem is the simplest imaginable. Irene, the daughter of a noble, loves Hare, a youth of low parentage: they fly together. The father of Irene pur sues them, and arrives at the .ea-shore just as the lovers have embarked. A storm arises, their barque founders, and, lilt, Lord Ullin, "The waters wild Sweep o'er his child, And he is left lamenting." This plot, however, is m rely the thread running through a pearl-chain of poetry, for this small brochure et trains much true poetry. The description of "Hope," for instance, is exceedingly beautiful:— " But what is hope? a meteor-gleam That dances o'er the path of life, That faintly gilds the ruffled stream Of worldly love, and bosom'd strife; The vision of a charmed eye, The phantom of reality." There is something sublime in the description of the rising of the storm which engulphs Irene and her lover: "But, hark ! a murmuring mystery of sound Dispels the leaden atmosphere around; In hollow whispering blasts the wind Plays o'er the rippling deep, That like a mighty mind, Troubled in its sleep, With majesty of motion swells, Graceful, dignified, and slow— Waking the music of its shells, That be a hudred fathoms down ; Where Ocean's fountains ever flow, And hideous forms and creatures creep, In kingdoms all their own." " Irene" contains much genuine poetry, but it is evi• dent that Mr. Alexander Comyne is at preAent merely trying his powers. He will, ere long, essay a bolder flight, and, whenevi r he does, it will be his own fault if he does not succeed. THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS' ALMANAC A IVD GUIDE. One of the effects of the removal of the stamp dull on almanacs was to increase their number. This in crease has continued year by year, and we believe that, even is a financial point of view the removal of the stamp duty has been a source of profit to the revenue , inasmuch as the duty on the additional paper consumed more than compensates the loss on the stamp. Almost every calling has now its special year-book; and it is sur prising that a body so influential and enterprising as the licensed victuallers should have wait. d until 1846 for to; annual publication of this sort " peculiarly their own. The present brochu , e well deserves its title of Guide. In addition to the usual contents of an almanac. it contains a digest of the Excise and Licensing Liws, and of 11 11 laws regulating the calling of the licensed victuallers; lists of brewers, distillers, victuallers, &c. in the metro polis and the provinces; and in fact every article of infor mation that the licensed victualler can requite to enable him to conduct his business legally and properly Every licensed victualler should study it. It may sav e him some money and much anxiety in the course of the year, inasmuch as this little book informs him exiledy what he may and what ho may not do. VARIETIES OF ISRITI- , H CATTLE' We subjoin a short notice of the different breeds of cattle, from the pen of Professor Low, which will give° sort of idea of the different kinds of stock in tbit country. Its brevity necessarily prevents any compre hensive description of their differeot properties, but still enough may be learned from it to induce further inquiry: I. The wild cr white forest breed, derived from a racil which formerly inhabited, in a state of liberty, the woods of the country. Remains of this remarkable race har f been preserved for ages in the parks of opulent indivi duals, where the animals, herding and breeding e xcln• sivt ly one with another, retain the habits of their wil d condition. In other cases they have been reared in,. state of domesticatio n , w h en t h ey assume the hab i ts and essential characters of the common varieties. 2. The Zetland breed, of Scandinavian origin, in l3B. biting the remote islands of that name, and spreading over the Orkneys. These cattle are of diminutive size' but fatten readily, and are valued by the consumers' The females excel the cattle of the Highlands in th . faculty of yielding milk. 3. The breeds of the Highlands of Scotland, spread: ing over the p r i mar y mounta i nous tracts of N o rth Britain. These cattle are of small size, covered thicklf with hair, hardy, an d su i te d to a country of heaths and mountains. The finest, u sua lly t erme d t h e West Big'. land breed, are produced in the countries on the w estern coasts, and certain isl an d s o f t h e Hebrides, the smallest in the central Hi g hl an d s , an d t h e l argest towar d s d,e eastern coasts, in the countries mixing with, or border ing on the plains. Th ese h ar d y cattle are reared i n vast numbers on the nat ura l h er b age o f the mounta inous country where they have been indigenous from time inr. memorial, and whence they are transferred at the suits's' age, to be fattened in the lower country. 4. The Welsh breeds, somewhat exceeding in size •- - o f West Highland breed, and, like it, suited to a e..untrf hills and natural herbage. They have dark or orange yellow skins, and are most l y o f a bl ack colour. lr „ finest are reared i n th e county o f P em b roke, in t h e dig' trict of Custle•Martin. 5. The Kerry b ree d, natura li se d i n t h e mountains of w *, Kerry, but spr ea d over a ll parts o f I re l and. The c at ,. ' of this breed are o f sma ll s i ze, an d of var i ous co lon with taperi ng h orns . 'Th ey su b s i st on scanty food, so°o the females, yielding milk abundantly, are valued 1 4 poorer inhabitants for the dairy. 6. The polled Angus breed, allied, in its esSe!! d a tiiii characters, t o t h e cattle of the mountains, but IncSst in size by being naturalised in a country of ibis herbage, where artificial food can be s u breed has dark s ki ns , an d i s destitute of h p o p rn i 1' s e , been greatly improved by the care of the breeder* "" 3 is reared over a considerable tract of country. 7. The polled Aberdeenshire breed, of mixed origin' and reared in the lower parts of the county of Aberdee n ' 8. The Galloway breed, inhabiting a tract o f Grer. wacke hills in the s ou th- wes t of Scotland; the cattle of which are greatly valued for their hardiness,their adap tation to the purpo ses o f t h e g r a zier, and the quality of their beef. They- are carried l in Ngorera,iatnumwbheernsee theytothe pastures of England, chief o are transferred to th e London and otrheedresmtitaurtkee,nsf• They have deep bodie s , d ar k skins, and are horns. 9. The polled Suffolk breed, cultivated for an un known period in Suffolk and the adjoining districts. The individuals are of medium size, with defective horn . s.t but the cows are a d m i ra bl e f or t h e quan tity of which they yield. The breed is losing ground tontine' ally from the want o f care o f t h e b ree d ers , a nd the effects of crossing. 10. The polled Irish breed, of large size, and welt suited to the dairy, but much scattered, and merg ing in the breed with which it is crossed. 11. The Falkland breed of Fifeshire, apparently de rived from Holl a nd, i n h er iti ng the milking properties of the Dutch races, but now nearly extinct in the pur e state. 12. The Alderney breed, reared in the Norman islands of the Channel, of small size and ungainly form, with short crumpled horns, of delicate constitution, and re; luiring a temperate climate, but yielding a rich a n d hnely coloured milk. Thi s breed is regularly impor t e d into England, where it is kept for the luxury of th e countries of the Chalk. 13. The Ayrshire breed, derived from the county of Ayr, but widely spread over the dairy districts of Scot land, and extending in considerable numbers to Ireland' This is the most numerous breed, cultivated exclusively for the dairy, in the British islands. The individual s are of medium size, and of various colours, w i t h s hort horns. They are capable of subsisting on ordinary Ras' tures, and yield a large quantity of milk in proportion to their size and the food consumed. It, The Deyon breed, naturalised in the higher parts of Devonshire, on the Bristol Channel, but spreading through the lower country. These cattle have orange yellow skins, fine tapering horns, and are of a deep r' d colour. They are of a light and graceful fotm, and suited for active labour. They fatten with sufficient facility on good pastures and in a temperate climate; but they are inferior in hardiness, and the power of sub slating on scanty herbage, to the mountain cattle of Scot land and Wales. They increase in bulk when natural ised in a lower country, so that the breed of South Devon differs in size and aspect from that of the higher lands. The females are small, and deficient in the power of yielding milk, though the milk which they afford is well' coloured and rich in cream. 15. The Sussex breed, a variety of the Devon and inheriting its properties, but of larger size, and ir is deli cate form. This breed is now undergoing great ill" provement, but is little sought for, for the purposes of grading, beyond the district in which it is reared. 16. The Glamorganshire breed, proper to the county of that name, common to the high and low grounds, but only brought to perfection in the vale of Glamorgan- This breed possesses valuable qualities, and combines both the properties of milking and fattening ; but the numbers of the improved variety are limited and cir cumscribed in their diffusion by other breeds more gene rally cultivated. THE ROUND TOWERS and ECCLESIAS TICAL ARCHITECTURE of IRELAND. By George Petrie. For centuries a controversy has been maintained among archaeologists as to the origin and uses of up wards of one hundred towers, built in a cylindrical shape, and scattered throughout Ireland. With the exception of the Cromlechs and the fragments of Druidical stones,which testify in their very ruggedness to their connexion with a stern and sanguinary idolatry, the structures which have produced these antiquarian debates appear to be the first ecclesias tical piles raised by the ancient inhabitants of our si-ter island; and it is in consequence of this extreme remoteness of the period of their construction, as well as of cer t a i n remarkable peculiarities which, are still visible upon their ruins, that architects, his torians, and topographers have all found great diffi culties in the way of arriving at any accurate conclusion. A mere insinuation on the part of Giraldus Cambrensis first animated the inquiry and ever since then conjectures after conjectures, theories after theories, flooded the pages of Irish research until the que s ti on b ecame more and more complicated, and the prospect of at length arriving at the truth more and more obscure and visionary. From the ingenuity in masonry which the " Ostmen" had dis played before their invasion of Ireland, Molyneux has surmised that those buildings were strictly of Danish erection, an hypothesis which was in sound measure supported by tradition ' • on the oth er h an d, G enera l Vallancey h as advanced a much bolder proposition, by ascribing them to the industry of the Phoenicians, and supports his argument by comparing them to the Persian fire -temples. Indeed, no supposition has ap peared too improbable, no reasonings too chimerical to parties desirous of advancing some novel explana tion of the epoch and the objects which should be ap priated to the originators of the round towers. Any new peculiarity, however small, not hitherto disco covered among their remnants, acted like a talis man upon the imaginations of such individuals ; and upon the meagre basis of a single fact arose a world of shallow conclusions. According to some they were colossal cenotaphs to the departed great, while, ac cording to others, they were signal towers to the faithful, who were summoned to worship by the sound of a brazen trumpet issuing through its loophooles—the multitude having been called together in olden days by the tones of that instrument. The narrowness of an up per apartment caused one to maintain that the edifice was devoted to the voluntary imprisonment of some recluse, dwelling for ever in a lofty solitude, like that of St. Simeon Stylites; while, from the smoothness of the inner walls, or the casual detection of a bone, they were declared by another to he nothing less than charnel-houses. In the volume, however, which lies before us--the laLorious and elaborated production of Mr. George Petrie—these numerous conjectures are controverted one by one, awl an entirely novel theory is advanced instead. The work is an exten sion of an essay which, in 1833, obtained a gold medal and a prize of fifty guineas from the Royal Irish Academy ; and the book is in every respect so replete with archaeological erudition, historical 're search, and sagacity of deduction, as to claim a place among the national literature of Ireland. We cannot better convey a notion of the author's general opinions upon the subject in question, than by quoting the main points which his arguments are intended to de monstrate :-- "I. That the towers are of Christian and ecclesias tical origin, and were erected at various periods between the fifth and thirteenth centuries. " 11. That they were designed to answer, at least, a two fold use, namely, to serve as belfries and as keeps, or places of strength in which the sacred utensils, books, relics, and other valuables were deposited, and into which the ecclesiastics, to whom they belonged, could retire fur security in cases of sudden predatory attack. " 111. That they were probably also used, when occa sion required, as beacons and watch-towers." To elucidate these novel declarations, and to do so with lucidity and in a manner that shall place the question beyond dispute, all the ancient archives and records of Hibernia in its dark es t ages , h ave to he scrupulously searched and collated. From these sources we learn, that among the tribes which originally colonized Ireland, houses and other edifices were constructed almost entirely of timber, though they were frequently built also of uncemented blocks of stone—a style of architecture denominated the Cyclopean ; specimens of these Pelasgic structures are still standing in secluded spots in the counties of Galway and Kerry, the layers of stone converging towards one another in a circular manner, until the apex is closed up with a single stone. It is likewise attested by facts and assurances, at which the most unbelieving opponent cannot now cavil, that a more durable, or rather a more solid and compact characterof masonry, was not introduced until after the appearance of Christianity in the insula sacra, and that then churches, and oratories, and abbeys very speedily accumulated in all directions of the country. In connexion with these churches, ac cording to the most distant ecclesiastical records, there were raised certain campanilia, or belfries, while, from the peculiar formation of the round towers, as well as from the circumstance of their never being found far removed from the ruins of some sacred edifice, it becomes a very natural conclusion that those very buildings are the campanilia men tioned. What renders this deduction still more rea sonable is the fact, that in every masonic particula rity they bear a striking analogy- or relationship to the ecclesiastical structures with which they are so closely allied by position. Between the larger masses of stone, which constitute th e pr i nc i p l e portion of their bulk, and in every possible corner and crevice, are inserted hammered splinters of the same material, or, as it is generally termed " spawled rubble," precisely in the same fashion in which the adjacent chapels are con strutted ; the basis in each instance is elevated on a succession of steps or plinths ; the doorways are either quadrangular and covered with a lintel, or formed with a semi-circular head, and are sometimes ornamented with architraves; details that ar e never observable in th e P agan temples, and are exclusively peculiar to the earliest ecclesiastical mannerisms. In addition to these very conclusive arguments, it is sin gular that upon the interior and exterior surface of the round towers are repeatedly discovered emblems, mottoes, and ornaments entirely of a Christian nature. That they were occasionally applied to the purposes of protection, as maintained by Mr. Petrie, appears not at all improbable, since a very remarkable resem blance may be traced between them and the old fz.- tresses in Britain, not one of the least significant features of which is in the elevation of the entrance doors, variably, from eight to thirty feet above the level of the ground. From these, and various other characteristics, it is not surprising that the ob servant shrewdness of Sir Walter Scott should, some years ago, have accidentally hit upon the identical notions which the present volume undertakes to demonstrate, where, in speaking of the round towers, in the Quarter y Reciew, he observes, "It is all but impossible to doubt that they were ec clesiastical buildings ;" and again—" they might pos sibly have been contrived for the tempority retreat o 17. The Herefordshire breed, greatly valued for its fattening properties, and extensively diffused, for the purpose of grazing, in the west of England. It has 9 . remote affinity with the Devon breed, and the cows in herit the defect of the latter in being small and imper fectly suited to the dairy. 18. The Long-horned breed, from time immemorial spread over Ireland and the western counties of England, still occupying a great tract of country, both in the mountains and plains, and varying in size with the ferti lity, natural or acquired, of the districts in which it has been naturalised. It was on the basis of this widely spread race that Bakewell reared the beautiful breed of I)ishley, which spread over the midland counties and extended its influence by crossing the older and coarser varieties. The Long-horned breed is now giving rapid place to others better suited to the purposes of the breeder, the grazier and the consumer. 19. The Teeswater Short-horned or Durham breed, derived immediately from the district of the Tees, and perfected by Charles and Robert Colling, in the county of Durham. This breed is believed to possess a better combination of properties than any of the larger cattle yet produced in the British Islands, is everywhere extend ing its limits, and superseding the pre-existing breeds, or modifying their characters by intermixture. --- - SCARCITY OF FOOD IN RUSSIA.—The St. Peters burgh Gazette of the 7th contains an Imperial order, permit ting the importation of wheat, rye, barley, oats, flour, beans, peas, and other similar products from Prussia free of duty up to the 13th of September, 1846. The Gazette also co n tains an ukase publish e d at Palermo, November 16, declaring that, inasmuch as the crops have been indifferent in the western part of Russia this year, the Emperor was desirous of afford ing a notable alleviation to the condition of his faithful sub j. cts in that part of his dominions, and should, therefore, only require for the coming year a levy of five men in the thousand. Furthermore, the Governments cfPokorff, Witepsk, and Mohileff, were to be excused altogether from furnishing their contingent. The levies were to commence on January 1, and were to conclude by March 1. FOWL TRANSACTION. Mr. Robert Fuller, a poulterer, of Boston, killed last week, for the London Christ mas market, 2,400 geese, 1,000 ducks, and 500 turkeys, which altogether weighed upwards of twenty tone.—Lin colnshire Chrenick 2 ' 14Oviieady, Part 1., price Is. 64., or post free:2B. 4d., Tr_ 11 - \ E N E W T I MON. ji . • _%, , A ROMANCE OF LONDON. " The 1 14' Timon' is a composition which displays both beauty and L powee - belongs to the school of Crabbe, and wculd not i um e ;the master lihnself." - Literary Ga ze tt e . IlenitO Ilium, Publisher, 13. Great Ilarlbe , ugh-s"•,et. Now ready, VCr i. _ By B. DISRAELI, M.P. ~ Author of " Coningsby" and " Sybil." 11 I. CONTARINI FLEMING. 2. ALROY. ¶sprinted, with the permission of the Author, and comprised in 3 vols., with a Portrait of Mr. Disraeli. Henry Colburn, publisher, I', Great Marlborough-street. IMPORTANT AND INTERESTING NEW WORK ON OREGON AND CALIFORNIA. Oa the 31st, w th Illustrations by Day and Haghe, and a vallabia M Ap, octal°, CAPTAIN FREMONT'S' NARRATIVE of the EXPLORING EXPEDITION to the ROCKY MOUN TAINS In the year 1842, and to OREGON and NORTH CALIFOR NIA in the years 1843-4. By order of the United States Govera ment. This work, besides containing the most accurate and authentic in formation, from actual official survey, will be found extremely inte resting as a graphic description of novel and exciting scenes and adventures. Gratis with the above, or separate, price 3d., A POPULAR LECTURE ON OREGON. By Hon. C. CUSHING, late Minister to China. Wiley and Putnam, 6, Waterloo-place ; and at all the Booksellers. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING __ _ . Will bo repeated a Grand Opera, in three acts, called MARITA NA. Chat cs the Second, Mr. Borrani ; Don Caesar De Bazan, Mr. W. Ilarr;son ; Don Jose de Santarem, Mr. M. Phillips; Maritana, Miss itomor ; '.azarillo, Miss Poole. _ . . . _ After which, w Übe produced a New Grand Comic Christmas Pan. ,orn!rne,entitied HARLEQUIN GLTLLIVER ; or, Giants and Dwarfs, Harlequin, Mr. Wieland ; Clown, Mr. T. Matthews; Pantalocni, Mr. Howell ; Columbines, Miss Hicks and Miss Lonsdale. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. M. JULLIEN'S NNUAL SERIES OF CONCERTS. PROLONGATION OF THE SERIES. SIGNOR SIVORI FOR TWO NIGHTS. M. JULLIEN has the honour to announce that the arrangements for opening the Theatre Royal, Covent garden, at Christmas for Dra matt Performances, not having been brought to a conclusion, the Proprietors have in the most handsome manner offered him the use cf their establishment for a further limited period. M. JUL LIEN therebre begs most respectffilly to inform those ladies and gentlemen who have been disappointed in obtaining boxes fir the past week, as well as the public generally, that this Series of Concerts will be prolonged for One Month after Christmas. THIS EVENING The Series will be continued, and a Grand Concert, embracing Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony, a Solo by Herr Koenig, a Solo by M. Baumann, a New Quadrille, Sec. Also a Solo on the Violin by Signor Sivori, who has made arrangements to remain in London until the end of the present week, and will perform both to ni orro w and Saturday. . _ . GRAND BAL MASQUE. The unexpected prolongation of this Series of Concerts, added to the universal admiration expressed by the brilliant assembly on Mon day evening last, induces M. Jullien to announce another Bal Masque, which will take place on Monday, February 2, 1846. ctizATICF: ROYAL. HAYMARKET. THIS EVENING Will be performed the Comedy of A CURE FOR THE HEART. ACHE. Old Rapid, Mr. W. Farren ' • Young Rapid, Mr. Hudson Frank Ontland, Mr. Buckstone ; JessyOatland, Min Julia Bennett. To ,e followed by the admired - Drama of GRANDFATHER Wl' FrEtigAn. Grandfather Whitehead, Mr. W. Farren ; Dray ton, Mr. Tilbury; Langley, Mr. Stuart; Louisa Drayton, Mrs. E. Yarnold; Susan, Mrs. Stanley, To conclude with a Grand New Extravaganza, entitled TIIE BEE AND THE ORANGE TREE; or, The Four Wishes. Principal Characters by Mr. Hudson, Mr. James Bland, Mr. Caulfield, Mr. Clark, Miss P. Horton, Miss Julia Bennett, Mrs. Caulfield, and Mrs. titan ley. I'HEATr•E NOVA!, ADELPHI. THIS EVENING Will be repeate4 an entirely New Drama, called TIIE LIONESS OF THE soßni, or, The Prisoner of Shlusselbourg. Alexis Romanouski, Mr. Webster; Triptolemus Kront, Mr. Wright; Eliza beth, Madame Celeste. After which, MOTHER AND CHILD ARE DOING WELL. To conclude with an entirely New and Original Christmas Pan tamime, called HARLEQUIN AND POONOOWINGKEE WANG FLIRE EDEEFLOBEEDEEBUSKEEBANG; or, The King of the Cannibal Islands. Harlequin, Mr. T. Ireland ; Columbine, Miss Fl •wing ; Clown, Mr. C. J. Smith; Pantaloon, Mr. 3iitehenson. Tfl EATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM. THIS EVENING WILL BE PERFORMED THE CR tCKET ON THE HEARTH: A FAIRY TALE OF HOME. The Principal Characters by Mr. Keeley, Mr. Emery, Mr. Meadows, Mr. F. Vining, Mrs. Keeley, Miss M. Keeley (her Fourth Appearance o❑ any Stage), Mrs. Woolidge, Miss Dawson, Miss Howard, Miss Forster, and Miss Turner. After which will be produced a New Grand Romantic extravaganza, entitled THE ENCHANTED HORSE; or, Prince Firenz Schah of Persia and the Princess of Bengal. Principal Characters by Messrs. Keeley, Wigan, F. Matthews, Collier, Turner, Kinloch, me.; Mes Baines Ke..loy, Hodson, Dawson, Howard, Arden, &c. VRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STIVERT. THIS EVENIXO Will be repeated a New Extravaganza, entitled JEAMES, TILE RAILROAD FOOTMAN OF BERKELEY-SQUARE. Jeames Plush, Mr. Compton. To which will be added THE BRIGAND. To conclude with a New Christmas Pantomime, entitled THE KEY OF THE KINGDOM ; or, HAR EQUIN AND THE FAILY BLUE BELL. Harlequin, Mr. W. H Harvey ; Columbine, Miss ; Clown, Mr. Flexmore ; Pantaloon, Mr. T. Hill. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE, THIS EVENING WM be perrormed THE MENDICANT SON; or, The Jew o 1 Southwark. Supported by Messrs. Hughes, Johnson, Rogers, Cowell. Naynard, Lewis, Heslop ; Mesdames H. Vining, Martin, and Daly. Afier which, a new GYand Christmas Pantomime, entitled HARLEQUIN AND TILE OLD WITCH OE TEDDINGTON; or, The Golden Days of Good Queen Bess. Harlequin, Mr. Cormack; Colu . nbinc, Miss Smithyss; ('town, Mr. Paul Herring ; Pantaloon, Mr. Anderson; Sprite, Mr. Stilt. A.TLLY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE OF AIiTS. NIOPRIETOR AND MANAGER, MR. W. BAI T T. THIS EVENING Will be performed the Popular Spectacle of MAZEPI'A. Embracing the whole Strength of the Company, aided by a Double Stud. New Scenes of the Circle, combining the talent of the French and English Artistes. Alter which will be produced a New Grand Comic Equestrian Pan tomime, called HARLEQUIN DON QUIXOTTE DE LA MANCHA ; er, Sancho Panza, and Dulcinea of Teboso, with new Scenery, Dresses, Mechanical Changes, &c. TWEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, DEC. 25. THErtstomETER, Lowest, 30; Highest, 39; Noon, 38. BAROMETER, 30.28.—W1ND, N.W., lieht rain. allai WATER AT LONDON-liRIDOF THIS DAY. ye-ring 22 minutes after 11 1 Evening .. 53 minutes after II 4 .1 ?, 4 t e lt a% , tr ,‘.` r 's-Stberi,Del"...''' 1.1 • ,4 L 0111111 I < t LONDON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1845. It is impossible to reconcile the views taken by certain merchants, stockbrokers, and the City pro phets, of Mr. POLK'S Message, with the tone which pervades it throughout, and the express words, which relate to subjects of the most vital importance to this country. Many of these parties consider the docu ment rather of a peaceful character, and prognosticate that, as Le has done the Legislature the honour of re fer:inc.,: the Oregon question to them, the whole burden is cast on their shoulders, and they cannot be so mad as to plunge two nations into war for a poMt t.f difference which might be honourably settled by arbitration. But it yught to be remembered that PoLx. could do nothing less than refer t! - -e question to them ; they are, by the constitution of the country, the arbiters, and without their con sent notice cannot be-given to Great Britain that the joint occupancy shall cease within the year, nor any material step whatever be taken. The cha• racer ef the pa; ties, both in the Senate and the Lower lioute,.bai a great deal also to do with the affair, and that alone ought to excite strong misgivings as to a favourable termination of the disputes with America. It is admitted, apparently without any contradiction, that the majority in both Houses belong to the de mccratical party, that they are cordial supporters of the policy pursued by the late and the present Chief 11.14i._ , ,israte, and Mr. POLK'S Message may, therefore, be regarded as much an exposition of their views as of his own. are as anxious for peace as any party in the country, not even excepting the Society of Frierele, but we cannot shut our eyes to danger, nor join ;cith those who cry " Peace, peace, while there Is no peace." Nothing can be more precise than the I:mg:nage of Mr. POLK and the alternatives which he aareinrwed re , pecting the Oregon dispute. Last see: i tie a hole of the territory, and , ,-,:thereti on , foal tre soli-inn announce men--; •; iIcBEET PEEL and Lord ABERDEEN, ' in ; c,tii 11 ,- .llses cordi:illy joined, that England 2,A prep.ired to resist such a demand, he repeats his firt -rt.'on, and lays it down as a fact, about 4 a- ;, • e :n he no dispute, that the United States ~ ..mproinise- " without an abandonment "f jes7 and clear territorial rights, their own reap, et, aiA their national honour." It is im- Pos - ibla to use any language more precise th an thi s, or more clearly point out to the world, that, unless England giv es way, war must be the only alternative. But Sir lioueter l'e.er, cannot give way; he cannot retract his deliberate avowal, that the " Bri tish Government is resolved to assert her claim, and prepared to maintain it." The people of this country could not submit to the degradation of yielding one iota of their righta after such a declara tion ; and no Minister who, under Present eireum- A'ances, could truckle to such imperious and unjust demands, would be suffered for one week to re tain his place. Sir RonaaT PEEL must know that this Oregon affair is a very secondary question, and th a t h e mus t l oo k further, examine the policy laid down by POLK and other s in raference to the North American continent, and see h:.-•thi•r that can be maintained without the expul sion, o f every British subject from the English pos a,aeirs io that quarter, and a fatal !' - ,lo‘v to one of the tno,r important branches of our colonial trade. "It should be announced," says the PRESIDENT, "to the world as our settled policy, that no future European colony or dominion shall without our consent be planted or established on any part of the North American Continent" —which means that no European colony hds any right what ever to exist on that continent, and that the very first opportunity will be seized for expelling, from Canada Accounts from Paris state that the market for stock and railway shares had recovered from the late dept V i a .. sion, and that all kinds of securities were more, firm than they had been for several days. This wa s attri buted chiefly to the intelligence fror:4 London an nouncing the failure of Lord J. Rt :SSEL L i n f orm i ng an administration. On Monde!' the Three per Cents at one time reached 821. 10c.., but they afterwards fell to 801. 90c., owing to tome heavy sales. Many orders had arrived from the country to purchase rail -way shares. On Tuesday we stated that the contract offered by LAFFITTE and Co., for the Paris and Lyons Railway, had been accepted by the Government, and we now learn that the adjudication for forty-one years and ninety days had been confirmed by a reyel ordonnance of the 21st. The Aloniteur, which pub. lishes this ordonnance, contains also the following re port on the subject from the Minister of Public Works to the KING :-- " Sire,—The law of July 16, 1845, has authorised the Minister of Public Works to proceed by competition to make the grant of the Paris and Lyons Railroad. In execution of this law, I announced that the adjudication would take place on the 20th inst. Two companies de clared their intenti on o f com i ng to this adjudication. One alone was admitted to make the tender, the other made known to me that it withdrew from the competi tion. The law imposed upon me the obligation of fixing in a sealed letter tho maximum of the term for the enjoyment of the grant, above which no aejudico.- tion could be made. In the presence of a single com pany, the fixing of this maximum demanded my most serious attention. After deep reflection, 1 fixed upon 41 years 90 days. The company by its tonder having demanded an enjoyment for 42 years and 6 months, there could be no adjudication. Immediately one of the members of the company announced in his own name. a willingness to accept the maximum which I had fixed, and the issue of the meeting was a tender from the company, in conformity with this declaration. I have, therefore, to t a k e t h e Ki ng ' s command whether I should accept this tender, or announce a new adjudication. It appears to me that anew adjudication on a known maxi mum, and which I see no reason to alter, presents to the State no chance of acquiring better conditions than those which have been acceded to by this said company. It appears to me, also, that the appointing a new edju dication.,would hold in suspense the large capitals col lected by the companies which were prepared for the competition, amounting to 20 0,000,000 francs, and would withdraw them from circulation at a period of the year when business transactions are the most numerous, and the wants of commerce at the greatest height. Under these circumstances, Sire, I have not hesitated to make up my mind that this is an occasion for exercising the faculty given to the Government by the royal ordonnance of 4th December, 1836, rendered in execution of the law of 31st January, 1833, directing the public admi nistration as to the formalities to beobserved on passing all contracts entered into by the Governmeat. It results in effect from this ordonnance that when at adjudications unacceptable terms are offered —that is to say, higher than the maximum fixed by the Administration, the Administration has the right, without having recourse to a new adjudication, to receive a second tender, pro vided it do not go beyond the maximum. I have, )heria etrip a Ay therefore, th e h onour of proposing to the King the a nnexed firm of an ord onnance, accepting the offer of a I admitted t o compete for the grant of the oand Lyons Railroad, an d d es l aring it to be the grant ee of this railroad upon the provisos and conditions of the Administration, and fur a d urat i on o f enjoyment of forty-o ne years and ' ninet days found resp ec t, sm. y •—I am, w i t h pro- The Journal d es "S. DLTMON." Debate publishes the following letter from Algiers of the 15th inst : " The rumour is spreading that Abd-el-Kader, having divided his troops, has fall en b ack with his most faith ful followers on the Tell. If the Emir has penetrated into the interior, as the Arab couriero declare, he must have passed by Ain-Teseletnet, and finally penetrated to the Benib'on-Seliman, where he has nu merous partuans, and wher e th e country i s excee di ng l y uneven. If Abd el Kider executes the pro j ects attri b uted to him, hf will, ------------- ELEPHANTS ON THE FRENCH STAGE.—We learn from the Paris papers that two well trained elephants are now performing at the Theatre National Cirqu e with the greatest success. They are the property of Mr. Hughes, an Eng lishman, who is a l so t h e proprivtor of the .. MammothCircus," in this country. A piece has been written expressly for the purpose of displayin g the wonderful sagacity of these remarkable animals. The Slide of December 15th, in a notice of their clever per formances, remarks, that at the fall of the curtain the elephants were loudly called for by the audience, and whet' they again appeared on the stage flowers and bixiquets were thrown at their feet, when these animals introduced the very novel innovation of swallowing all the flowers Complaints are uttered of a great advance recently made in the rates charged by insurance companies. Upon stocks of general warehouses this increase is said to amount to from 100 to 300 per cent. It is fairly argued, that if the rates hitherto charged have produced a remunerating profit, it is hardly just to impose an additional tax on carefulness. —Times. NEW POLICE COURT IN WESTMINSTER. —The ma gistrates of Queen-square Police-Court received on Wednesday an order from the Home Secretary, directing them to remove on Thursday, January Ist, to the new court which has been erected in 'Vincent-square, in lieu of the present inconvenient premises in Queen-square, and which, by an order in Council, is to be called the " Westminster Police Court." tivii i - 5