The Sun. — London, England, 1845-10-25 00:00:00

THE CORN TRADE. (From the Mark-lane Express.) beehe w eather has, during the greater part of the week, ga as favourable as could be desired, and there is now e ne prospect of the long •retarded harvest in the north sit length completed. Had the wet continued di er, would probably co remaining out in the backward arias rhave been wholly destroyed, and that great m i sch i ef has been done to the grain by so long still sure in the fields is u nquestionable. As it will rate . itssomet time m to finish the harvest, no very eu estani2te can yet be formed of the result; but that wit,h‘." 6 " 4 quality of the wheat of this year's growth eld ad , niuch inferior to the produce of any previous sea- Z i a .. for many years past, appears to be the almost h as ve rsal opinion. From all quarters where thrasaiug c l3cle progress, the report; agree in describing the au 4: ll tite as much sh ort o f ex p ec t at i on , p re p ar ed as farm were for an indifferent yield. Regarding the quality accounts are not so universally bad ; the early-saved 7; t t hat carted after the weather became broken, was tt: 3B _ l Y carried in d amp condition and a great deal ,Dore f, is indeed wretc he d stuff ; a , fair proportion was, wee er got in under more favourable nuepices, and , r ) tigh far from fine, is of tolerable quality. The weight wei e lee the best secured is light, very few samples gain. over 601 b. er bushel. tk r e are at all times unwilling to create unnecessary ertt .cl , but we cannot shut our eyes to the somewhat 1 4 .c1i Position of affairs. That the wheat harvest of p m ? is decidedly below that of usual average years is vee l P u ted ; the stocks of old are closely worked up st of foreign wheat, whether free or in bond, the ip ei ant itY in the kingdom is so insignificant as to be wholly e tt 7-cltlete to make good the deficiency in the home pro th e In addition to these facts it must be recollected at th e fur a I Potato, so useful an auxiliary in supplying food gyrebs ar ge proportion of the community, has failed to . a (I, r ac r or less extent in all parts of the United King dise-,,; no district appears to have entirely escaped the aud it is even doubtful whether the potatoes, etvnarently sound when dug up, will keep through the ar,,,, t 'r• On the whole, therefore, there are ample rea et; °t t ° fear th a t th e va l ue o f b rea d stuffs may rise to an e to occasion some inconvenience to the poorer 1 , 1 5 ' 3 . Already wheat has risen from 15s. to 20s. 4 , quarter from the lowest point ; and the upward G4 4 l :eient seems at present likely to continue. Very Is th ''f the wheat lately secured can be in a fit state Parp,"" lll6 h unti next March ; and from the corn -10 t;`, v eler small ] quantity of fine, farmers are not likely deli v ,,2 a hurry to part with the latter. Only moderate ate ones from the growers can therefore be expected ; as eoa w i lterehants and millers are by no means largely th","• there is some chance of the supplies falling short . part' ,;. c laantity required for consumption. Under ordi- Nh -I , rc tinistances, a similar auspicious change to that 4flv, has this week taken place in the weather would kle tt lit aediately checked the rise in prices; but so con- N to a re hold e r s at present that all they have will be ° Y th e ' , that li tt l e e ff ec t h as b een p ro d uc ed on the trade t ler ed alteration from very wet weather to that of an At Le character. tap ' s everal of the leading provincial markets held since 41 ele a r , considerable e agerness has been displayed to tali''' v esttnents in wheat, which has enabled sellers to Ti' le f urther enhancement. Se: L iverpool market was on Tuesday visited by "Ich - ,? . 118 buy e r s f rom diff e r en t p a rts of Ireland, which, !eit it ,`„" increasingly unfavourable reports from that ' Nlich r egarding the failure in the potato crop, caused tt a , vx enement Not only was wheat in lively request, 6a« 4 . 1 1 1 5e or 3 d. per 701 b. on free, and 3d. to 4d. on bonded, l are „ e e t her descriptions of corn and pulse, as well as r;ie es - " 4 oatmeal, were bought up at greatly enhanced t e li l on the whole, a large amount - of business was eth,, jester in the week the excitement increased SSkeetan dinainir,hed, and on Friday red Lower Baltic 1 51 e „" 4 s sold in bond at Bs. per 701 b., United States ‘‘alettli 41). 308 . per barrel, while 355. per barrel was paid for ~1 41) 1 - „, 4e connts from Yorkshire are of a somewhat more " rll / ‘ll- "tone, , purchasers having apparently deemed it et it , kh,„ pause ere entering into fresh engagements at pore aced rates demanded by sellers. Neither at Irti Ae l at Leeds were the transactions of much oR Tuesday. At the first-named town . a rise of lheasweeter was, in partial instances established on h r4l 4 u,,,at at Leeds buyers declined paying' enhanced The ad • from Wakefield, of Friday, are by e , . vices :40 al 4:3 animated ; and though the best qualities of Ill olanded full terms, ordinary sorts were scarcely v 14 elble , t th e as on that day week. Voe tit ' e _eestern and north-western markets, the value '4Pgi ' t ts this week risen materially. At Bristol, on NOY, th e b est qua li t i es o f o ld w ere quoted 45., and 11111, 1;_, n Pei . qarter hiher than on that day to se'n ni uite gh 2s. t ; l'yqpC;;,er on 13irmuing all kinds.hamghe advance amounted t q ye4 4i Lericultural districts prices have also moved 41t rio t i: l Y, and it is now evident, that in spite of the 47 to ee l of the new wheat, the averages must shortly 6 ep t extent to cause a considerable reduction in 2tch letters give a . very sad account this week h.e,Lead of potato disease in that country, and qta 4'anding the rather quiet tone of the Mark -lanere kileta- Monday last, much excitement prevailed at k;„ 4 kt e l ? on Wednesday. Wheat was readily 1 ,41 0 7. to 4s. per quarter above the rates of that day ; whilst barley rose 35., and oats fully ls. per fe ar This rise in prices was attributed entirely to t; of the f a il ure i n t h e cro p o f potatoes. Ir i k i , la tiel the same causes have been productive of as r elts. The conviction that potatoes will be \42 4 e glY deficient h a s become so general on the e ly a i t em of the Channel, that measures have already yiiP,ted to guard against the anticipated scarcity of t~rtrk t ,.", a view to this end purchases of grain, flour, ,‘ l ,` have lately been making on Irish account in the English markets; it is probable, therefore, itl; (4 1 3 aPPlies from that country will fall off materially, r e,rti t L, s t have an influence on the value of corn—oats ee'ae‘ arrivals this side. kl l k , -11 rietal s of wheat coastwise into London have `"'!'t - ti' ° ; . l ; the greater proportion of the 10,536 qrs. q t k ;f i n has gone direct to millers. The show at byland land-carriage samples from the home t l e as, since Monday, been very small; and though kt‘l,eti 41 or caution has been displayed by millers . e i ll o g their operations, prices were fully as high ( IV s e as in the commencement of the week. )tj t ttl i i 0:5 4 4 free wheat having been required for mixing 4 It ki 411 1 3 parcels of new English, the former has met :(4 41 1 : s hare of attention, and the recently establish -6t55 lee d C e has not only been supported, but in many kor ts ' r have been enabled to realize terms for the Il tit previously obtainable. th e at, Re a good deal of local speculation in bonded th j trticlhave experienced rather a lively demand for t m l tle,i c ,' on Irish account, and the operations have on 4, 4 ", 11 e5e - „ b een important. The sales made both on „' l er e „ - Y...and Friday were at an advance of Is. per Monday's currency, and many holders were k, s 3' k,'., 4ll willin g to part with their property. Mode ky•t`ee b. e4 qualities of ted brought 525., whilst superior ked 4o at "as held at 555. to 565. A cargo of Dantzic, li t i i sup e e ,„44 fine sold at 575. per quarter on Friday, etit high mixed could not have beeu secured beVre, Zeg 58s. to 60s. per quarter. f,, s- Present position of the averages it is scarcely the duty to fall materially this month, but e ' ll tee,ht of November wheat will be admissible at e( hiearter— a rate, however, few importers are le °l looY , as a further decline is certain to occur in 11114:qkerTig month. 1 11 et, ttl 'el" spice of town-made flour must be regarded as k :,PI 4 , % II I :ilia millers calling it 565., whilst others afle t sack. Ship flour has commanded full 0, 541 at iv at k of colonial and foreign manufacture has rates. l ' ll k k kill tityp i .. es of barley have slightly increased ; still 11la 1) 1 lid, o f received has been small. Malting sorts hay . e k!? b ro w he advance of Monday, and feeding quail:- lel te ght Is per quarter more than was obtain -4t i s et e a , • el 4 l 'YEts b -Y • 1 1 44 ee n Much sought after, and prices of the v t !a h !esh - a co ntinued to tend upwards. eih t ßly nd Sc o t c h oats h ave come t o h an d ver y It si ep tk rr eto ' (4. Irish 16,113 quarters have been received, e t t :• •P l i t ' r "ad the supply has consisted of 15,680 t Otl„, tl ati c , 4 a belief that the failure of the potato crop t'4 %m a greatly increased consumption of meal in tsllchotlrit Ireland, and that the arrivals of oats from o a ger e Ple s Will therefore be very small, has led to peri e - ti e4 s to get into stock. On Wednesday fac e s ta t e rte ep ee d no difficulty in selling at 6d. per quarter . , e „ 4 to ]rates , and at the close of the week the rise A n 1,4 c g rter , 3 ' Per quarter. Bonded oats have also been Oei . " ( ife e 4e4 as much as 20s. to 21s. per quarter had 1 14v e Ar ehangel under lock. eh e Participated in the general advance, and e l l'e t Toei r l l a• per quarter dearer at the close than in it t :!te ras Z li q th e week. ee• ee 4 c l d emand has again revived, and both 4ki hav u ave commanded enhanced prices. Gray hashfl er A e n ot excited so much attention ; the lat oevertheless held with greater firmness on THE ARMY. 4 ' , 1 i 0 11 3.0.1 T CAVALRY. . Grays), Porto: 1, 1 likt, Tort I3ritish Dragoons (Scots head-quarters ....uarters (; t it% aek.3, 19 ) b ,. Ric L,4lsty 4 nt-e oi u nn— Officers present . Major Lieutenant mA I II3 ti ,onel Clarke, commanding , t . tvxdj4t ieod, suliwan Clarke, and Gran Pigott, at 4';4444:nit leid, Phillis: Riding-master Robertson, it (.: '3' Sir Geor P F cis Hanipson, heaa q • ketts V‘ititeh.°l'netilt Ribbjte, iloazaier, Amphlett, v ast G.H r ' Crawford, OtilletrZet:'LP3,ll, and Buchanan ; Pa -1T Asesistant-Sur .l/4 us ison, Surgeon Winterscai9, - Effective oh, k Ith • -e ' kb veterinary Surgeon Jex. . .., . Bart ~ a nE d a rB r of :4, .;,% 18 „ tegnnental sergeant-major, 6 283 rank and lb, : u 4 (q 4•geants, 7 trumpeter, farriers, Recruiting : 2 i'ivete ers' At and 266 troop horses. .. dstone : lii t i• At C hatha' ; 4 • - ates sick. troop sergeant- At Mai 41)4441 Ale, and 2inti• P horses. Officers onleave ,ric AL ,.. a troopNov._ _ 4 4 an C ampbell, to is, 609 ullit p INFANTRY. 411)1 ttt'}l3:4_l!, 18t Battalion ; Depot, Nenagh—O,ffi s Ormsby tir'l N9,1,ir1-quarters, Major Deane, K.H. Captam t r, Gor -09 4. 'e, Lienten t Hawkins,de utBr Paymas e and iiii '"t adj llt an s P cers pre -1 Gillum, to k ain s . s ant ; Ensigns Sharpe, 0 es, 110 INl.knie, Surgeon llutchison. Effective strength of _tthumree at4*---, 1 acting serrreant-major, 9 sergeants, 4 d company, tl e a t '.51 rank and' file ; at Borrisokane, 1 tk il lik t a'n Mein, 1 ensir.m, '2 sergeants, 1 drumme . r c , k and s at Llkai4ktilttiri 'id tile. Recruiting 10 rank and - r, ',..,4 rank and file. Officers onleave fil o e f abiselice9 1.4.'64- 'art'er. to De 11-11.N4k 't•ly?atitZtit\-arotv. 15. Dec. Poole, to Nov. 1 ; 3 Lkieu a ts._ raa t()a ZlPernumerEarnysigrnieCn d ght, consisting of ha i a rle w to:n i t , i l ng ser a g n ean d t 7, fi b O oy r az k un a d. n e d t (41.kkoi4rab,ct,rk for the West Indies, to join their service thiTtl94,, to I\l. laJOr Deane, K.H., is ordered to proceed fro: - a, VOgh, and resume the command of the depot co _ . ro ut org,ge embarkation of this officer with the draught 4,rettintit..{:rB for the West Indies is countermanded for the leylN or; a1 lien, Depot \T au —Recruiting parties are .ttilarelt for Dublin' ' there to embark per steam titiolitand, en. route to,Bath, and Lewes, in Sussex, to -. 4 captain is ordered to embark with the draft recruiting party at. Spike Island, for the West Ind marched from Naas for Beggar's Bush Barracks, recruiting depot, Dublin, to embark at the. North wall per steam-vessel for Liverpool, en route to Norwich, there to be stationed. 11t1i Foot—The head-quarters of this corps, on board the Castle Eden, crossed the Line on 19th August, all well on board; the only casualty on board up to that time was the death of a child. 32d (Cornwall) Regiment, Athlone—The detachment sta tioned at Elphin, county of Roscommon, under the command of Captain E. W. D. Lowe, is ordered to remove from their present ha!f- billet premises to another house as the detach ment is to be reinforced, so as to be completed to a full com pany. Officers present at head-quarters. Major Hill com manding, Captains Gardener and Kyrie, Lieutenant King, Ensigns Phillips, Birtwhistle, Boissier ; Paymaster Moore, Quartermaster Garforth, Surgeon Scott, M.D. Strength, 1 company with the band and colours. Stall; regimental ser geant-major, 13 sergeants, 8 drummers, and 283 rank and file. At Mohill, 1 company under the command of Lieutc nan t-Colonel Frederick Markham, Captain Baines, Lieutenant Belling,ham, Ensign Hedly, Assistant Surgeon Moorhead, M.D. Strength, 6 sergeants, 2 drummers, and 68 rank and file. At Carrick-on Shannon, 1/, company, under Major Brooke, Captain Smyth, Lieutenants Pigott, Vavasour ; Ensign Kyrie, 3 sergeants, 1 drummer, and 90 rank and file. At Druinshambo, 1 company, consisting of Brevet Major Browne, Lieutenant Weare, 2 sergeants, 1 drummer, and 50 rank and file. At Roscommon, 1 company, under Captain Eveegli ' Lieutenant Cunningham, Ensign Davies, 3 ser geants, 1 drummer, and 70 rank and file. At Elphin, half a company, Captain Lowe, Lieutenant Maunsell, 2 sergeants 1 drummer, and 38 rank and file. At Castlerea, 1 company, Captain Robyns, Lieutenant Duberlw, 3 sergeants, 1 drum mer, and 60 rank and file. At Ballygar, 1 ensign, 2 ser geants, and 26 rank and file. Recruiting, 6 sergeants, and 12 rank and file, Lieutenant and Adjutant Kelly, on leave till Oct. 31; Lieutenant-General Sir John Buchan, K.O 8., is colonel of the regiment. 34th (Cumberland) Regiment—Two of the service com panies march from Fermoy to Cork October 17, and arrive same day. 4 companies and head-quarters, under the com mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Airey, march from Fermoy for Cork October 21, and arrive same day, to embark on board the Java, freight-ship, 1,175 tons, for conveyance to Corfu. Lieutenant-Colonel Airey, Major Brown, Captains Simpson and Schreiber, have joined at Fermoy from leave of absence. 38th Regiment; Depot, Londonderry—The draught, con sisting of Captain Cam, Lieutenant Heckett, 1 sergeant, 1 drummer, and 40 rank and file, 1 sergeant, and 5 rank and file, supernumerary men in waiting, disembarked from the steam-vessel Rhadamanthus on the 16th October, at Spike Island, Cove of Cork, for further conveyance to the West Indies, to join the service companies. 41st (Welsh) Regiment, Royal Barracks, Dublin—Officers present, Lieutenant-Colonel Gore Browne, C. 8., command ing; Majors Carpenter and Montizambert, Captain and Brevet Major Dempster, Captains Donaldson, Seton, Maydwell, Butler, Downes, and Sadlier • Lieutenants Lawrence, Eman, Adjutant Pratt, Farmer, Tuckey, Rawlins, Wells, Hicks, Wethered, Neville, Taylor, Goodwyn, and Arkwright ; En signs Page, Wilson, Greathead, Jenner, Clark, and Meredith ; Paymaster Dickson, Quartermaster Gillon, Surgeon Wilkins (sick). Assistant-Surgeon Hart, M.D. Effective strength, 46, sergeants, 17 drummers, and 782 rank and file. Recruit ing, 1 sergeant, and 10 rank and file. At Fort Pitt, Chat ham, 1 sergeant,.lo rank and file. Officers on leave - of ab sence, Lieutenant Stewart, to Nov. 25; Ensigns Lennox and Rawlins, to Nov. 25 ; 1 company is stationed at Portobello Barracks, and 3 companies at Beggar's Bush Barracks. Honorary distinctions, the Prince of Wales's plume, " Gwell augau neu Chwilydd," " Detroit," " Queenstown," " Miami," " Niagara," " Ara," " Candahar," " Ghuznee," " Cabool." Sir A. Darling, G.C.8., is colonel commanding. 43(1 Regiment—On Tuesday the 43d depot had a field day on the extensive drill-grounds at the Western Heights, in the presence of General Lord Fitzroy Somerset, who expressed his high approbation to Mr. Fitzroy Frazer, of the celerity and precision of many difficult manoeuvres which this fine corps were put through, and which they executed in a very superior style.—borer Chronicle. 44th (East Essex) Regiment, Richmond Barracks,Dublin— Officers present, Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. A. A. Spencer, Majors Ferryman and Gray, Captains Turner, Browne, Rodon, Staveley, M‘Mahon, and Carey ; Lieuts. Mossy, Mol ler, Robinson, J. Le Merchant Carey, Walter, Daubeney, Faucett, Fenwick, Noake, Greene, and Howard; Ensigns Hanmer, Dunkin, Parker, Hon. Charles Welbore Herbert Agar, opland, Hothain, and Cooper; Paymaster Captain Kennedy, Quartermaster Walsh, Assistant-Surgeon Pratt. Effective strength, 1 sergeant-major, 43 sergeants, 17 drum mers, and 779 rank and file. Officers on leave of absence— Captains, Gardiner, to 20th November • Owen, to Ist No vember; Lieut. Fielden, to 10th November; Ensign Dunkin joined from leave of absence; Ensign Ottley, to 30th Novem ber; Lieutenant and Adjutant Phillips, on leave to 30th No vember. Recruiting, 3 sergeants and 6 rank and file. Cap tain Stevens is doing duty with the Ist West India Regiment. 70th (Surrey) Regiment, Great Ship-street Barracks, Dublin—Two companies, under the command of Major Reed, consisting of Brevet Major Paschal, Captain Edwards, Lieut. Pilling, Ensigns Ryan and Willis, 6 sergeants, 2 drum mers, and 118 rank and file, marched from Naas for Island Bridge Barracks on the 20th October, and arrived same after noon, there to be stationed, having been relieved by the depot of the 7th Royal Fusiliers. 72th (Cameron Highlanders) Depot, Belturbet—Officers present at head-quarters, Major Elliott, Captain Clepham, Lieut. Hunt, under orders for embarkation for Gibraltar; M'Neal, depot paymaster; Reeve Forrest, depot adjutant; Ensigns, Farrer, sick; S. M. Ferguson, Robertson, Maitland. Effective strength—Two companies, 1 acting sergeant major, 9 sergeants, 5 drummers, 3• pipers, and 88 rank and file. At Cavan—Two companies, Captain Taylor, 4 sergeants, and 107 rank and file ; total, 195 rank and file. At Chat ham-1 sergeant, and 3 rank and file. Recruiting-2 ser geants, and 14 rank and tile. Draught at Cork—Captain Napier, 1 sergeant, and 50 rank and file, 5 supernumeraries, and 6 boys. Captain Gaisford is in Dublin till embarkation, on leave to the 31st October. 82d (Prince of Wales's Volunteer's) ' • Depot, Kinsale— A recruiting party is ordered to march for Cork, there to embark for Liverpool, en route to Birmingham, there to be stationed. Captain Watson's company is quartered at Dun manway. Major Wm. Slater is commanding. 85th Light Infantry; Depot, Newry—Ensign the Hon. W. Stewart Knox has joined head-quarters from leave of absence. Ensign the Hon. P. R. Fielden is on leave to the 28th February, 1846._ _ _ _ 88th (Connaught Rangers); Depot, Boyle.—Officers pre sent at head quarters :—Major Shiny (commanding); Capt. Walker; Lieutenants—Depot Paymaster Brown, Maxwell, Burke; Depot Adjutants—Ensigns Mauleverer and Steere; Assistant Surgeon St. Croix Cooper. Effective strength of three companies :-1 acting sergeant-major, 9 sergeants, 5 drummers, and 192 rank and file. At Sligo-1 company, consisting of Captain Maxwell, Ensign Conyngham, 2 ser geants, 1 drummer, and 60 rank and file; recruiting, 7 rank and file. Draught at Cork for embarkation for alta to join their service companies—Captain. Mackie, Ensign Gore, 1 sergeant, 60 rank and file, 6 boys, and 6 supernumerary men. Captain Adams, 88th, has joined the depot at Boyle, from Malta. for the mysterious phenomenon. The wise saws, who are great, in the magic of the marvellous, consider the potato disease as in some sort a sign that the world is nearly as old as it ever will be, and that the present crop of tubers, though a bad one, is the last reaping we shall have. What neces sary connexion there is between the end of the world and the potato epidemic, or whether this said calamity is any proof that the aforesaid globe is nearly worn out, we are not able to say, nor on this point do the mystery-mongers inform as. The physi cal philosophers say electricity is at the bottom of it all, or rather that it is not at the bottom; in other . words, that the potatoes had not been electrified enough. Without telling us to whose measurement, calculation, or instinctive sagacity they are indebted for the fact, they gravely give us to under stand (if we had sufficient sagacity of belief for the feat), that in those parts of the island and continent, not forgetting America, in which the electricity above has behaved better to the territories below, and, to use a monied phrase, " has come down handsomely," that in those said spots the potatoes are in their usual health and strength, and looking " very much like themselves." If we were in_ the mood for joking, as unfortunately we are not, we should say that this sublime enunciation " looks very much like a whale." Taking advantage of the experience of that stupid old man who tried to pelt a lad out of aff a rMtree with tufts of grass, they suggest (the philosophers we mean) that we should compel the electricity, whether it chose or not, to come down to the dust and to do its work as quick as light ning, instead of idling away its time in visiting amongst the clouds, and doing no good at all. Some propose to disturb and displace the said fluid by the erection of multitudes of iron rods, well spiked, bristling like bayonets, and seeming to say that they don't mean to be trifled with; others sug gest that it shall be invited to sundry iron pots, made at tractive by being permanently electrified; and others pro pose to traverse the earth with metallic culverts for the electricity to run up and down in. "In the name of the prophet-figs!" These sublime ingenuities, these vast crea tions of fancy, these mighty minds in travail with mighty projects, which Seem as 'twere An ocean in labour an ocean to bear, all tend to the solemn secret of growing potatoes 1 Would that as much talent were brought to bear upon the more hidden and important secret of cooking them The physical philosophers aver, and they may safely do so for any practical disproof they are likely to meet with, that if only means be employed which any one of them proposes, we may always cal culate upon an immunity from potato disease. We don't doubt it for a moment ; we feel as certain of it as of catching sparrows by throwing salt upon their tails ! Less sublime and speculative than the physical philoso phers, but far more practical and minute, come the micro scopists to settle the question of the potato epidemic. They see deeply into the depths of things, and of course are ex pected to draw therefrom much valuable matter that un aided optics must always be strangers to. In fact, a man with a microscope may see anything ; and, as " seeing is believing," we see no just cause why he should be expected to doubt anything. We antici pate, consequently, that the time is not very far distant when credulity, properly so called, will be regularly defunct, and such people as our forefathers would have called " easy of belief," will be bond fide matter of fact men under the irre sistable persuasion and proof of the microscope. This instru ment, as we have said, has been brought to bear, with artil lery-like precision, though with less point, upon the " potato murrain,' and wonderful have been the discoveries in conse quence ! Fungi of all sorts, sizes, and shapes, and colours, have been found fattening themselves, cormorant like, upon the poor potato ; sporules, granules, cells, and dust that de served no better name, all have been found upon the potato; and many a discoverer has been obliged to rub up his Greek to furnish technicals for the unknown objects that have tum bled in the way of his observation. Talk of special trains, they go nothing so fast as discovery has lately gone along the line of damaged potatoes! Next come the chemists, with their prodigal paraphernalia of apparatus and tests, to acquaint us with the malady of the potato. They find alkalies where acids ought to be, and the converse; they state, to a shadow of a shade, the particular blush of blue which iodine gives the sickly potato, in con trast with what it gives the potato that is sound; they tell us, precisely, what the former has lost in meanness and gained in waxiness—what is due to the condition of the starch, the mucilage, and other such things—that good potatoes lose 7 5 per cent. by drying at a gentle heat, whilst the bad ones lose 77 !—and, finally, the man with a chafing dish, glass tubing, oxide of copper, caustic potash, and other like simples, waves his wand, and, lo 1 an ultimate analysis settles the point at once, by proving that some delicate decimal is wanting tc make up the due amount of a certain constituent which has been most rascally robbed of " its fair proportions" by another certain one ! "So much for Buckingham !" After this amount of detail, to say nothing of the amount of trouble we have had in practically getting it ready, we may perhaps claim a hearing for ourselves. We, " the plural nominative singular," in our triumph of tripod, feel that it is our right to state both what we know, and what we think. upon the matter at issue. We have looked at the electricity with " our mind's eye, and, like Mathews in the play, can " see nothing at all in it." We have looked through the microscope, and have seen ten thousand curious sights in the morbid potatoe, but no thing equal to what we have seen in a pinch of musty horse manure. We have tortured the pc or potatoe in retorts, cru cibles, and tubes of glass, but products and educts have told us nothing more than we knew aforetime. Amidst this Babel of investigation and discovery, it occurred to us to think that there might be something "rotten in the state of "—the potatoe! And after wiping from our eyes the films created by philosophy and fancy, we saw a clear evidence of a simple decomposition in this said tuber! And what is there that philosophers cannot find - worthy to talk about, microscopists to stare at, and chemists to analyse, in rottenness! We have always thought it a wonderful field for minute investigation, and such it has proved to be, as the present condition of the potatoe crops can testify. To close this part of our subject, for we shall take occasion to complete it finally in another article, we give it as our de. cided opinion that " potato disease" and " potato murraid' are merely idle terms that bear no relation whatever to existent things. There is no "disease," no "murrain, properly so called ; the potatoes are just rotten, and that is the long and the short of it. The discolouration, cam• mencing in this spot, and extending to that, the soft ness, the waxiness, the fetor, all these things, and many more such like, we have seen a score time in potatoes that have spontaneously rotted in a damp dark cellar. We can confirm what the microscopists and che mists say about appearances and reactions, and tell them plenty of untold truths besides; but not potatoes only, any vegetable of similar composition will give like results when in a state of decay. These acids, alkalies, atomic defects, sporules, granules, ruptured cells, dust, dirt, &c., are in Con. sequence of the potato mischief, and not a cause of it. There is nothing new in the circumstance; we have been familiar with it from childhood, and so have many simple observers who are older in the art of taking notice than ourselves are. It is no novelty in this country, any more than elsewhere; it attracts attention because of the almost universality of its prevalence. And has not the cause been as universal? Cold water is the fountain head ! Take our word for it, there is no mystery in the affair; cloudy skies and drenching rain have done it all I How TO SELL GAME WITHOUT A LICENSE.—It is stated in the London, and some of the local papers, that the Duke of Buckingham has given to his tenants on the Avington estate, near this city, the right to kill game on their respective farms. Our contemporaries, when heralding forth his Grace's excessive liberality, should not forget to mention that an increased rent is charged for the game boon. However much the tenants may gain by the permission to kill the game they feed, his Grace can be no loser. Suppose that his estate at Avington and Easton consists of two thousand acres of land, which is let to four farmers—and that every farmer pays an additional rent of 201. each for the pertnissioa to shoot over his farm. His. Grace, would thus receive 801. per annum for his game on these four farms, a sum much more than he could have ob tained under the old system of keeping hired keepers, and supplying licensed dealers in game—to say nothing of the expense of keepers and the occasional prosecution of a poacher. The Duke of Buckingham had made a good bargain, and sells his game to much greater advantage then heretofore.—Hampshire Independent. THE POTATOES.—Potato-raising is now being pro secuted in our district, and we regret to state that the reports , which have reached us respecting the crop are very unfavourable. The black potatoes are decidedly a failure, and being the kind more generally planted here are likely to cause a serious loss and deprivation to that class of the community which is least able to bear it. The amount of the crop is not only deficient, but the distemper which has been detected in the south country and has caused considerable discussion in the journals, is also found to exist in the crops here. After being raised from the ground they early show symptoms of rotting and going to decay ; when boiled, a portion of them is unwholesome, and consequently wasted. These are the complaints which for some time have been before the public in reference to the crops raised in the earlier districts in the south, and which have at tracted the consideration of the professors in agricul ture without the cause or a protection against a re currence having been discovered. The white or long potatoes are supposed to be of good quality, but the quantity planted of these is much short of the black kind, and the yield of the crop does not exceed if it amounts to an average. There is every reason to fear that potatoes during the winter will be in short supply ; buyers from other quarters have already been here, and we have been told that one merchant in his town has sold two thousand bolls to a purchaser from Belgium.— Berwick Arbe,tiser. REPRESENTATION OF SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. — WARWICK, SUNDAY.—The writ for the return of a Mem ber for the representation of the southern division of this county is expected to arrive on Tuesday next, and the election to take place in the early part of the ensuing week. Lord Brooke, the only candidate announced (and that announcement made not by his Lord ship, but by his friends only), is still on the Continent, and, so far as the public are yet informed, it is not improbable that he will remain absent even at the election. This, however, will not matter much, except, perhaps, that it may save his Lordship an unpleasant catechism from some of the agricul tural discontents of the county. Absent or present, Lord Brooke will be duly proposed and seconded, and it is said that his return to Parliament may be deemed certain. The election creates the least possible degree of interest in the di vision ; but it is not improbable, seeing the near contiguity of Warwick to Birmingham and Coventry, that before the day of nomination something may arise to impart life and spirit to the proceedings. [An VERTISEMENT.] —Tfl E EARL OF ALDBOROUGH AND HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.—An astounding cure by this mi raculous medicine, after every other means had failed.—See extract of his lordship's letter, dated Villa Messina, Leghorn. February 21, 1845.—" To Professor Holloway ; Sir,-1 beg to acquaint you that your pills have effected a cure of a disorder i n my liver and stomach, which all the most eminent of the facn3ty at home, and all over the continent, had not been able to effect—nay, not even the waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad. ( Signed) ALDBOROUGH." These wonderful pills will cure any disease of the liver and stomach.--Sold (also Holloway's Ointment) at Professor Holloway's establishment, 0 44, Strand; and by all medicine venders throughout the civilized world. A Stock Exchange was opened in Leicester on Wednesday, at the saloon of the theatre. The association consists of eight firms, comprising thirteen individuals,. The subscription is 201. per annum, and the security I,OOW. The hours of business are from eleven to half-past, and from two to half-past. The dealings are for cash on delivery of scrip or transfer. The avevraalguee o fthenumber property British destr s o h y i e p d w a r b e o c u k t s t i w n o n a year is lostpmaAbTou CANDIDATE. i l l s t , a s 6 ; LG f 0 00 1 millions l El the R O c s K s t . e_r I i p n g E ; F a E n , t h o e n . u ( m it he z r of AL lives T —Con Friday an election , took p lace in the Richmond ward of PE r tb ep e ea c l i e ty r, and Mr. Hall, an T a h n e ti c - a re n p d e id al a e t r es . w A e t r t e M hee r ios K e e o l f ly, a the poll Mr. Hall was 109, and Mr. Kelly 98. Majority against the repealer, 11. THE STTN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 25, 1845. COAL FIELDS OF , A ON THE ANTIIARACITE AND OAL FIELDS OF CHINA; THE SYSTEM OF MINL,G, AND - 2HE PRICES OF COAL, AND LABOUR IN ITS PRODUCTION, AND TRANSPOR TATION TO PEKIN. BY RICHARD C. TAYLOR, PHILADEL PHIA. We have seen the recent announcement of the sailing of a vessel containing 308 tons of Pennsylvania anthracite, des tined for Hong-Kong, in China. Some very natural specu lations have arisen from this circumstance, as to the proba bility of that country furnishing a market for American an thracite. As no details accompany the statement alluded to, we are not in possession of material facts whereby an eitimate can be formed of the probable success of the under • taking, in a commercial sense; and we are not sure but the coal may have been employed for convenience merely, as ballast. In the East Indies various depots of European coal lW been established, for the service of the British Government. steamers. This fuel, for the most part, it is understood, con sists of the anthracitous and partially bituminous coals of SouthWales,of course obtained at great expense. It appears that 5,000 tons of English coal at a freightage of 21. per ton, are annually imported into Bombay for the Company's steamers. Bituminous coals have been derived from much less distant sources ; among which the Burdwan coal field, in the vicinity of Calcutta, may be named. Mergui Island, also, in the Bay of Bengal, h as l a t e ly f urn i s h e d some s t eam coal to Singapore. The steam-ships on the China seas, during the war with that vast country, were supplied from these various sources. I do not propose to discuss the profitableness, or other wise, of a Chinese market for our American anthra cite. But as during the process of collecting statis tical information for a proposed volume on " the geo logical and geographical distribution of coal and other mineral combustibles," some notes reached me of an interesting cha racter, which are not generally accessible to the majority of readers with relation to the Chinese coal fields, it has struck me that a portion of these details, in an abridged form, might be just now acceptable, particularly as the intercourse with that country is on the increase.. I venture even to omit, for the present, the authorities for the facts I shall have to com municate, reserving them in detail for the volume ad-. verted to. It must, nevertheless, be remised that to the Jesuit fathers, the French missionaries, who were permitted to reside at Pekin during the 18th and pre ceding centuries, we are indebted for details of the highest interest, not alone on this subject, but on many other objects of philosophical inquiry in that little-known region. It is probable that coal was discovered, and was in com mon use in China, long before it was known in the western world. It is mentioned by a noble traveller of the 13th century, as abounding throughout the whole province of Cathay, of which Pekin is the capital, "where certain black stones are dug out of the mountains, which stones burn when ' kindled, and keep alive for a long time, and are used by many parsons, notwithstanding the abundance of wood." The good missionaries were fully capable of describ ing the coals which were supplied to Pekin, since they there orected a furnace nr DEoro, in which they experimented on the properties of those combus tibles, particularly with reference to the ordinary domestic uses, and for the warming of apartments and the purposes of their laboratoi v. Among the people of Pekin, three kinds are in use :- 1. That employed by the blacksmiths. It yields more flame than the other qualities ; is more fierce, but is sub ject to decrepitate in the fire; on which account, probably, the blacksmiths use it pounded in minute particles. 2. A harder and stronger coal used for culinary purposes, giving out more flame than the other sorts so employed ; it is less quickly consumed, and leaves a residuum of gray ashes. There are several gradations of these. The best are hard to break, of a fine grain, a deep black colour, soiling the bands less than the others. It sometimes is sufficiently siliceous to give fire with steel. Others have a very coarse grain, are easily broken, and make a bright fire, leaving a reddish ash. Another species crackles, or decrepitates, when first placed on the fire; and falls down, almost entirely, in scales, which close the passage of the air, and stifle the fire. 3. A soft, feebly-burning coal, giving out less heat than the second-class ; consuming more quickly, it breaks with greater facility, and in general is of deeper black than the sorts previously mentioned. It is commonly this description which, being mixed with coal dust and a fourth part of clay, is employed to. form an artificial and economical fuel. This being moulded in the form of bricks and balls are sold in the shops of Pekin. Waggon loads of coal dust are brought to that city for this sole purpose. The coal merchants have also an intermediate quality be tween the classes two and three. and Cue ifulaunuablo gas is forced up in jets, twenty or thirty feet in height. From these fountains the vapour has been conveyed to the salt works in pipes, and there used for the boiling and evaporation of the salt; other tubes convey the gas intended for lighting the streets and the larger apartments and kitchens. As there is still more gas than is required, the excess is conducted b2yand the limits of the salt works, and there forms separate chin'- , nee s or columns of flame. One cannot but be struck with the singular counterpart of this employment of natural gas, which may be daily wit nessed in the valley of the Kanawha, in Virginia. The geo logical origin, the means of supply, the application to all the processes of manufacturing salt, and of the appro priation of the surplus for the purposes of illumi nation, are remarkably alike at such distant points as China and the United States. Those who have read, even within the present month, the account of the - recent extraordinary additional supply of gas, and the service it is made to perform at the Kanawha salt-works, must be impressed with the coincidence of all the circumstances with those which are very briefly stated in the previous paragraph in relation to China. In fact, the parallel is complete. To the coals and combustible minerals of China I cannot further advert here. But what a conviction itresistibly presses upon the mind, as to the incalculable utility of the railroad system and coal mining improvements in such an empire. If ever there were concentrated at one point all the circumstances especially and unequivocally favourable to that system, and imperiously calling for improvements of the character suggested, it :.eerns to be presented in the case of the city of Pekin. Here, with its enormous population of 1,500,000 souls, it is situated only at a day's journey— computed at thirty miles—from an immense region of coal, comprising several varieties. Yet its inhabitants cannot purchase the best qualities of this coal, brought from the mountains on the hacks of mules and camels, under 11 dollars GO cents per ton, and the very worst for less than 7 dollars 75 cents per ton. Without making unnecessary or invidious comparisons, it might not unreasonably be suggested that a Pekin railroad, in connexion with the coal mines, would be a far more pro fitable enterprise in its results than the transportation of American coals to China. We cannot in this place recite the numerous details which are furnished by these intelligent fathers. Suffice it to add, that nearly the whole of the properties and applications are now in every-day use in the United States, and are familiar to all. They are, in fact, the natural results suggested by qualities possessed in common by the combustibles of remote parts of the same globe. Even the modern method of warm ing all the apartments of our dwellings, which we view as the result of superior practical and scientific investigation, was in use, with very little deviation, centuries ago by, the Chinese. Many a patented artificial fuel compound, both in Europe and America, has been in practical operation in China at least a thousand years. 4. Anthracite—Another description of coal abounding about thirty leagues from Pekin, but which was not then in such general use there as the other kind , i, is called by the Chinese Che-tan. Che means a stone, but tan is the name they give to wood charcoal. Therefore, according to the genius of the Chinese language, this compound word signi fies a substance resembling or having the common properties of stone and charcoal. There can be little difficulty here, in recognising the variety of coal which, in our day, has been denominated anthracite, a compound word of similar meaning. The Chinese glance coal forms a remarkable exception to the unfavourable conclusion prevailing against Oriental coal; and, according to more recent authority than those we be fore cited, deserves to rank at the head of the list, in respect of its purity as a coke ; although in specific gravity it doel not come up to the character of the Pennsylvania or Welsh fuel ; neither has it the spongy texture which contributes much to the glowing combustion of the latter. So late as 1840 a Russian officer has described the coal formations of the interior, as occupying the western moun tain range of China, in such abundance that a space of half a league cannot be traversed without meeting with rich strata. The art of mining is yet in its infancy among the Chinese ; notwithstanding which, coal is thought to be at a moderate price in the capital. Anthracite occurs in the western range of mountains at about a day's Journey, or about thirty miles, only from Pekin. The coal formation is largely developed, in which thick beds of coal occur. They appear to be of various qualities. Some of this coal, occurring in shale beds, is singularly decomposed, and its particles have so little cohesion, that they are almost reduced to a state of powder. Beneath these coal shales are beds of ferruginous sandstone, and below those occur another series, consisting of much richer seams of coal than the upper group. In this range are seen also both horizontal and vertical accompanied by seams of coal, which conglomerate for the roo f, an d diorite or gree ns t one c efl o o n o g r. l ome As a m te, i g ht be expected, this coal very much re sembles anthracite. It is s hi n i ng , o f com pact texture, f hb o ea r dvse the otfh diffi cult to ignite, does not flame in burning, or give out any smoke. Its substance is entirely homogenious. Everything respecting it leads to the belief that there had been a great de velopment of heat at the period of its formation, or subsequently. The horizontal coal beds are the most important and valuable, and are denominated large; but no greater thickness than three and a half feet is quoted. The blacksmiths, and those who work in copper, prefer this coal, on account of the intense heat which it gives out. Throughout the whole of this mountain range may be con tinually seen the outcrops of this combustible, where they have never, as yet, been touched by the hand of man. In those parts of China where wood is very dear, coal is worked on a great scale for the Pekin market ; but the process of mining is very little understood by those people, whoexeel in the preparation of charcoal. Coal in other parts of China—The missionaries and others inform us that coal is so abundant in every pro vince of China that there is, perhaps, no country of the world in which it is so common. The quays at Nankin are stored with the finest native coal. Some of the coal which was brought down to the coast, from the Pekin country, to the Gulf of Pe-tchee-lee, was anthracite, partaking of the character of plumbago or graphite. Coal, apparently of the brown coal species, exists extensively in the di rection of Canton; while all the coals seen on the Yang-tse-kiang river, south of Nankin, resembled cannel coal. Near to Canton it possessed the comparatively mo dern character of brown coal. It was abundantly.offered for sale in the different cities through which Lord Amhurst's embassy passed, between Lake Po-yang-how and Canton, and the boats were largely supplied with it. It is there obtained by means of pits, like wells ; and we infer that, like nearly all the brown coal deposites, the beds were hori zontal, and at no great depth. A sulphurous coal, inter stratified with slate, and in the vicinity of red sandstone, also prevails towards Canton. Thus, therefore, we possess evidence, the main object which this communication was designed to exhibit, that ex , tending over large areas in China are beds of tertiary or brown coal, of cannel coal, a dozen varieties of bituminous coal, of anthracite, glance coal, and graphitic anthracite; all of which, for ages, have been in common use in this remark able country; and have been there employed for every do mestic purpose known to civilised nations of all times, in cluding gas lighting, and the manufacture of iron, copper, and other metals. I will only add one circumstance, which had nearly escaped me. Borneo, " the largest island in the world," which is only twenty degrees due north of Canton, has lately come into repute for the great quantity of coal which it contains, not only accessible to ships along the coast, but extensively oc curring in the mountains of the interior. Much information has also been acquired from the natives ; and the facts which are already elicited are regarded as of considerable import ance, in respect to the facilitating the steam navigation of the China seas. Philadelphia will, of course, have her share in the enlarged commercial intercourse with China. Would it, then, be asking too much of those who ar© personally interested in this im proving trade, to communicate any additional facts which are either unknown to, or have boon omitted by, the author of these scanty notes? Philadelphia, April 28, 1845. [Nova.—The prices and admeasurements which are quoted in the foregoing article, were reduced to the United States and English currencies and measures, from the Russian, as furnished by the engineer Kovanko, who, in like manner, converted them into the Ruisian from the Chinese standards. In consequence of this triple conversion of standards, addi tional care has been taken to avoid error in these calcula tions.l—Franklin Journal. THE WEATHER. STORM IN INVERNESS-SHIRE. The weather continues wet and story—very uncon genial for the completion of harvest. Wednesday last was fair, and both shearing and leading were carried on with spirit. On the two following days the constant rain prevented the cutting and in-gathering of the crops. On Saturday we had a strong gale of wind, which, ere night, penetrated to the heart of the wet sheaves, and rendered the crop tolerably dry ; but, we regret to add, only to be exposed to a thorough soaking next day. The river Ness has been in full flood all the week. On Saturday a few sheep were observed strug gling in the midst of the current, but they got safe to land. Monday will not be readily forgotten. All day it blew a hurricane, until towards evening, when the violence of the wind greatly abated, and a good deal of corn was housed overnight. Throughout the day it rained heavily, and the river continued to rise. About ten o'clock a large tree, which had been torn up by the roots, rolled down the stream, and shortly afterwards another followed. On the Castle Hill it was impossible to stand or walk, unless under cover of the building. Several of the windows were shattered ; chimney-cans and slates were thrown down into the streets ; and in the country, trees, fences, and other materials, were dislodged and scattered about. At sea, we are afraid the results would be more serious ; for the storm was as general as it was severe. Fears were entertained for the stack yards about town, and we observe that in some of them portions of the thatch have been carried away on the sides most exposed. Stooks are also laid level wherever they stood. On a field of barley near the Thornsbush Pier not one sheaf stood erect—they were all blown over. At Kessock the tempest prevented the ferry boats from crossing. The Maid of Morven, steamer, lay at anchor in the roads, her owner deeming it unsafe for her to undertake the customary trip. The Duke of Wellington was also anchored at the ferry ; her cargo could not be got on board until yesterday forenoon, when she proceeded on her voyage southwards. A boat which lay at anchor a short way above the pier broke her cable, and drifted down into shallow water, near the mouth of the river, when she was secured. A gentle man from this town who was in Ross•shire on Saturday, states that the Conan and the Orrib were swollen to a large size—the former extending its waters where corn had stood but shortly before. On the west coast the hurricane commenced on Sunday evening about 9 o'clock and continued till 12 the following day. Nothing so severe has been experienced for at least 30 years about Fort William and the neighbouring district. On Loch Ness the blast was terrific ; the spray blew on the land like a snow-drift. The three lochs—Ness, Oich, and Lochy—were higher on Monday, in consequence of he rains, than they have been since the great flood in November, 1834, when they rose to an unprecedented height. We are glad to learn that the operations on the canal, though much retarded, have not been damaged by this storm, owing to the judicious arrangements and exertions of the contractors ; and the Culloden steamer nobly breasted the gale on Loch Ness, making the dis tance from Dochgarroch to Fort-Augustus in three hours and five minutes. The roads beyond Leterfinlay are cut up by the flood, and several large trees were floated down from Lock Arkaig to the east end of Loch Lochy. The late boisterous winds and rains have rapidly stript our woods of great part of their variegated foliage. Some of the birch plantations on the hill-sides, however, still wear a picturesque appearance, and in some sheltered situations the leaves and verdure continue fresh and green. It was curious last week to note the moorfowl congregate in the cornfields, to escape the stormy blasts of the hills. Throngs of grouse and blackcock had descended from the heights, and literally blackened the stooks that still stand exposed in some of the fields. A correspondent writing from Strathspey, on Satur day, reports as follows :—" The weather is singularly changeable and unsteady, and at this date, October 18, there is not above one-fourth of the crops secured in Strathspey. Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday last, were good days, with a strong, steady breeze from the west, very favourable for drying the corn, cut and uncut. Fields were rapidly clearing, and stack-yards filling apace ; but this happy state of things was sud denly overturned yesterday, when a perfect deluge of rain fell. To-day it blows a hard gale from the north west."—lnverness Courier. COURSE OF EXCHA/ Amsterdam CF. 12 10,E Ditto, at sight l2 7 Rotterdam 2 11. 12 11 Antwerp 26 15 Hamburgh M.B. 1313/ ' Altona Paris, 3 days' sight 25 75 Ditto, 3 months 26 5 Marseilles Bourdeaux 26 10 Frankfort on Maine Petersburgh, 3 Us.— Berlin Vienna, effee. ft 10 6 Trieste, ditto Madrid 36i Cadiz Bilbao — Barcelona ..... Seville Mode of Mining Coal in China —lt might be ex pected that in China, where most of the practical arts have, from , time immemorial, been carried on with all the perseverance of that industrious people, the opera tions of mining coal would be conducted with some regard to science, in relation to sinking, draining, and ex traction. We have, however, good authority, especially in regard to the environs of Pekin, for stating that the process is still in a very imperfect state. Machinery there to lighten labour is unknown. They have not even an idea of the pumps indispensable to draw off the water. If local circum stances allow, they cut drainage galleries ; if not, they aban don the work whenever the inundation has gained too far upon them. The mattock and shovel, the pick and the hammer, are the mining instruments --the only ones, in fact, which the Chinese employ in working the coal. The water of the mine is emptied by the slow process of filling small casks, which are brought up to the surface by manual labour. Vertical shafts are not used. In working horizontal coal seams, the timber is e x p ens ive, and the materials cost 2 copecs per` pound. 8 dollars 50 cents per ton, English wand being sold by weight in China. The coal, when mined, is put into baskets, and drawn upon sledges, which are raised to the surface by manual strength. Each basket contains about three pounds of coal, and one man can raise about eight baskets in a day. This is equi valent to 1,032 Russian pounds, or to 12 cwts. English, per day. The miners' wages are at the rate of 30 copecs a basket, which is equal t 0 ,240 copecs (copper currency), or 46 cents of United States currency per day, being 76 cents U. S. per ton. Prices at Pekin—At the pit's mouth, this coal is sold for 60 copecs per lb.,== 4 dollars 63 cents per ton of 20 cwt. It is then conveyed on the backs of mules through the moun tains, and thence on camels to Pekin, where the price is II rouble, francs, = 29c. United Sates per pound ; which, if our calculation be correct, is equal to 11 dollars 60 cents United States, or 21. Ss. 3d. per ton of 2,240 pounds English. ,We perceive, therefore, that the best of fuel is expensive at Pekin, and hence the necessity for resorting to the artif.cial compounds and subsitutes to which we briefly alluded. There is, however, a kind of coal sold in that city at a much lower price, particularly when it is mixed with one half or coal dust. This coal, in 1840, sold for one rouble per pound, which is at the rate of 7 dollars 75 cents, equal to I/. I2s. 3d. per ton. It is of indifferent quality, however, giving out but little heat, and is quickly consumed. The compound fuel, consisting of coal dust and clay, is still prepared after the mode described by the missionaries last century, but its use is chiefly confined to the indigent classes. Coal Gas Lighting in China—Whether, or to what extent, the Chinese artificially produce illuminating gas from bitu minous coal, we are uncertain. But it is a fact that spon taneous jets of gas, derived from boring into coal beds, have for centuries been burning, and turned to that and other economical purposes. If the Chinese are not manufacturers, they are, nevertheless, gas consumers and employers on a large scale, and have evidentlybeen so ages before the know ledge of its application was acquired by Europeans. Beds of coal are frequently pierced by the borers for salt water, TGE.—(YESTERDAY.) Gibra1tar.......... ..... Leghorn Genoa Milan Venice Naples ...... 39i Palermo, per oz ll9l Lisbon ........... 53* Oport0., Rio Janeiro .... Bahia Buenos A yies NewYork,2ldyssight Philadelphia PRICES OF BULLION, PER co Foreign Gold, bars £3 17 9 Portugal Gold Coin 3 17 5 New Doubloons..... 0 0 0 New Dollars 0 4 101 Silver in Bars DIRECT WESTERN RAILWAT.—It was expected that the shares in this Company would have been distributed by this time, but we understand the allotment has not yet been completed. The applications for shares from persons along the projected line have greatly preponderated over those from other parts ; and as the Direct Ors very naturally wish to give preference to the former, without entirely ex cluding the latter, their office of allocation involves both time and difficulty. We are informed that the shares may not be expected before the end of next week, as the lists of allotment are undergoing a scrupulous revision.—The Railway Sing. - - PILCHARD FISHERY.—On Wednesday morning several tine shoals of fish were seen off the Lizard, and during the forenoon they came in shore. The seiners at the Lizard missed them, but at Cadgwith a fine shoal was enclosed and taken up, of about 400 hhds. ; and at a cove near Cadg with, two other seines shot, and took together 150 hhds., all of which have been cellared. They are remarkably fine fish, and very fat.—Plymouth Journal. GOLDEN PLOVER.—Within the last four days the downs in the vicinity of Andover have been visited by several strong flocks cf that highly-esteemed bird the golden plover. Whenever the migratory visitors make their appearance on these sheep-walks, we may be certain that the October frosts are close at hand. In the company of these wanderers have been noticed a sprinkling of dotterel, a very rare bird in these parts, which are greatly prized by the sportsman.—Sherburne Journal. We are requested to caution the public, and more especially that portion of it who are in the habit of bestowing alms indiscriminately upon vagrants, against the deception practising by a female who is travelling through this county, and presenting fictitious notes of recommendation, purporting to be addressed from respectable individuals in one parish to others in an adjoining one. The plea, in one instance brought under our notice, is for assistance to get a child into an institution for the blind, and a well-written note, falsely alleged to be from a clergyman at 'SVrittle to a lady at Great Baddow, was presented by the applicant.— Chelmsford Chronicle. A covey of partridges, five in number, settled on the pavement of the upper end of Bridlesmith-gate, in this town, on Friday afternoon last. An unusual scene ensued. One was captured by a sweep, who bore his prize home in triumph ; and the others, after some little difficulty, were also secured by " uncertfficated sportsmen." Such an event, in the very centre of a large manufacturing town, is de cidedly novel.—Nottingham Review. FORTUNATE SPECULATION.—On the 7th instant, a person bought 40 tons of oatmeal for 131. per ton in Armagh market. Next week he sold the same in I'ortadown for 19/. per ton.—. Dublin Evening Mail. We are glad to find that the Directors of the London and Brighton Railway have adopted the plan of setting apart a carriage in every train for ladies only, This is an instance of attention to the comfort and—as recent experience on some other lines has shown—to the safety of females travelling alone, which cannot be too highly coin mended.—Brighton Gazette PUBLIC DINNER to MR. HUDSON, M.P., AT SUNDERLAND. SUNDERLAND, WEDNESDAY, Ocr. 22.—Yesterday evening a public dinner, in honour of Mr. Hudson's return for this borough, took place in the Polytechnic-hall, Fawcett-street, which had been fitted up and decorated tor the purpose. The walls were covered with banners used at the election, and opposite the chair was placed a likeness of the Hon. Member, taken by an artist in Newcastle. Upwards of 350 gentlemen sat down to dinner, the room thereby being in conveniently crowded. J. J. ' Wright, Esq., was in the chair. On his right were G. Hudson, Esq., M.P. ; Lord Adolphus Vane, the Hon. H. T . Lid dell, M.P; Alderman Richardson, of Yolk : the Sheriff of York ; R. Pemberton, Esq., cf the Barnes; and C. Bram we ll, E sq. On his left, Lord - Seaham • Sir J. H. Lowther, M.P. ; C o l onel Wood, M.P. g Hod son' ' Hinde, Esq., M.P. ; M a tth ew B e ll , Esq., M.P. • the Rev. Dr Townsend, Prebendary o f Durham ; Rev. R. Skipsey, R. Webster, Esq., &c. &c. The principal vice-chair was filled by R. Sporr, Esq. The .dinner was a very sumptuous entertainment, with a plentiful supply of champagne and other wines. On the withdrawal of the cloth, The CHAIRMAN gave, in succession, " the Queen," " the Queen Dowager," " Prince Albert," "th e P r i nce of Wales,and the rest - of the Royal Family," and " the Navy and. Army." In proposing the latter toast (which was acknow ledged by Colonel Wood) the Chairman adverted to the fact that on that day, forty years ago, the hero Nelson fought his last battle in defence of England—the battle of Trafalgar— and uttered his memorable saying, "England expects that every man will do his duty." The CHAIRMAN next gave " the Bishop and Clergy of the Diocese," and in doing so, remarked that the venerable Bishop, although he conscientiously differed from them in political sentiment, yet, it must be admitted, by the exem plary discharge of the duties of his exalted office, by his mu nificent contributions to public charities, and by the manifes tation of much kind feeling, had secured for himself the un feigned respect of the inhabitants of the county, and especially the inhabitants of Sunderland.—(Applause.) The Rev. Dr. TOWNSEND, in responding to the toast, ad verted to the beneficial effects of railways, and expatiated on the public and private character of their guest, which he stated was in every respect highly commendable. The CHAIRMAN then said—We now come to the leading toast of the evening —the health of the esteemed and distin guished gentleman in whose honour we are assembled at this festive board—(Applause)—in erder to proclaim the high estimation in which we hold his talents, the unqualified re spect we entertain for his character, the satisfaction with which we have the honour to see him our representative in Parliament, and our confidence that he will discharge the duties of that sacred trust with honour to himself, credit to this borough, and advantage to the country.—(Applause.) So much has been said in eulogium of Mr. Hudson's abilities and high reputation, both on previous occasions in this borough and by the newspaper press throughout the country, that I cannot but feel it is impossible for me to advance anything new or interesting upon the present occa sion. There are three lights in which I should desire to place Mr. Hudson before you, in every one of which he shines with a brightness of character of which he may justly be proud, which does him infinite credit, and reflects honour upon his name—l mean as a man of business, as a politician, and as a private gentleman.—(Applause). The reputation of Mr. Hudson as a man of business anti enter prise stands unrivalled in the present day. As the great ac complisher of railway undertakings, the public spirit and the indomitable perseverance which have marked all his opera tions, the astonishing rapidity with which all his great works have been executed, and the signal success which has at tended all his efforts, have become matters of national record, and the theme of wander throughout Europe. So strongly, gentlemen, is his fame felt, that you cannot take up any newspaper, whether Tory, Whig, or Radical—whether local or metropolitan—nay, whether English or continental, without finding some article to his praise or observations to his honour.—(Applause.) He has identified his name with the national character by the works be has already accomplished; and such is the opinion formed of his power, and such the reliance placed in his judgment and integrity, that he wields at command and presides over an amount of pecuniary capital exceeding that of any other man in this empire. He may be said to be a sort of Chancellor of the Exchequer in railway matters, whose duties, however, are more to give than to receive; for he has founded a national stock which has not only provided for the security of the investments, but returned to the possessors their capi tal doubled, trebled, or quadrupled in premiums and divi dends, and opened a new fountain of prosperity which has flowed in copious and refreshing streams *rough the coun try.—(Applause.) There is another peculiarity attending Mr. Hudson's enterprise—whilst it has benefited the rich, it has disseminated advantages through every class of society in this great commercial community. He has provided en gagements for the artisan, employment for the labourer, a field of operation for the skill of engineers, trade for the shopkeeper, a m ar k e t f or th e manufacturer, hannels for in dustry, and oceans of business unequalled in the history of this empire. —(Great applause.) Having conferred benefit upon every class - of the community, he has raised a pyramid to his fame which statesmen may envy, and which has called forth a spontaneous testimonial of gratitude which does honour to the national character, and confers splendour upon the age.—(Applause.) As a politician, Mr. Hudson is known to cherish, and, on all fitting occasions, he is ready to uphold those great Conservative principles of devotion to the Church, love to the altar, attachment to that unrivalled Constitution which constitutes the glory and security of the British nation. Especially do. I feel justified in stating to this meeting, from all the addresses Mr. Hudson made to this constituency, that he will be always ready to maintain the necessity and enforce the justice of fair protection to the agricultural, manufacturing, and shipping interests of this great country, in opposition to those mischievous prin ciples of unlimited free trade, which would break down the barriers raised to protect native industry and give up all na tional advantages, without any just return or equivalent con sideration.—(Applause.) The electors of this borough owe Mr. Hudson a debt of gratitude for the noble stand he made in support of protective principles on the recent arduous struggle in this borough, and for having defeated the ma chinations of the Anti-Corn-law League, that modern mon ster of political violence, and vanquished one of the most talented and experienced, and one of their original advocates, and scattered all their hired lecturers in confusion.—(Great applause.) That contest and victory was expressly a Con servative contest and victory. The issue joined between the parties, which I expressly put to the electors on the hustings, and which was confirmed by my honour able friend the candidate,, was this—a Conservative Government on the - one hand, Whig policy on the other ; just protection to the interests of the country on one hand, and unlimited free trade on the other ; and the 'constituency decided these questions by the vic tory that we won.—(Applause.) I say it was the triumph of Conservative principles, and so it has been received and understood throughout the country—it was the voice of Conservative feeling, expressed in accents not to be misun derstood, and which has rung the death-knell of the Anti- Corn-law League in all their future attempts to domineer over the constituency.—(Applause.) Mr. Wright then eulogised Mr. Hudson as a private gentleman, and concluded, I will not detain you, for I see the feeling is rising in your bosoms ready to burst in peals of enthusiastic applause.— (The toast was drunk with repeated cheers.) Mr. Hunsox, on rising, was again loudly cheered. He said, in rising on this occassion to offer to you my best thanks for the compliment which has just been paid me by drinking my health, I feel under difficulty to find words to give expression to the grateful feelings of a warm and affec tionate heart. lam deeply sensible of the obligations which I owe to the electors of Sunderland for the man ner in which they returned me to Parliament ; but I felt that in appearing before them I was not fighting my own battle, but the battle of the Constitution, and seeking to promote the welfare of this great country.—(Applause.) The gentlemen who waited upon me to solicit me to come forward will do me the justice to say that at first I shrunk from the offer with some alarm, but on explanation I felt, as every Englishman I hope will always feel, that a fair and proper call being made upon me by my fellow-countrymen, I had no right to consider my own feelings and convenience. —(Applause.) I also told them, that if at the eleventh hour any gentleman with whom they were acquainted came for ward, who could fight the battle, which they considered great and important, with an equal probability of success, they were at ,liberty to reject' me and take him.—(Applause.) Having accepted your invitation to stand as a candidate for Sunderland, I did my best, and I am gratified in knowing that best aucceeded in defeating a body of gentlemen who have been so admirably characterised by your Chairman this evening.—(Renewed applause.) I came here upon prin. ciple, relying for success solely upon those great Conservative principles which I have held ever since I took a part in public affairs. It is true I came here a stranger, only known to two or three gentlemen, but before I had been twenty-four hours in your borough, I found that I Wall among a body of Englishmen who had hearts to feel for the well• being of their country. This soon won my affections, and it would be the severest trial which has ever tried me to lose your regard. Gentlemen, we triumphed over a body of men who thought they could carry enslaved at their shrine the constituency of Sunderland. We have shown that when fairly and openly met they are easy to defeat—that their principles are not sound, that their views are selfish, and that they endeavour to carry away the minds of the people by specious arguments.—(Applause.) Having now, how ever, obtained a victory, let us endeavour to appropriate it to the promotion of local and national advantage. I do not hold lightly those great principles which ought to govern this free country—l think they ought to be paramount on all occasions, but having maintained them fearlessly, let us unite with all parties in promoting the local and social ad vantage of the town and port of Sunderland.—( Great ap plause). Peaceful times are those in which only we can take a calm and judicious view as to what will promote the welfare of a town. Political agitators, who are constantly exciting the people, in season and out of season, are not the wellwishers of the country. Let us, Gentlemen, as Conser vatives, show a bright example to those agitators, and to the political demagogues who exist in every town, by using advantageously the victory we have obtained by promoting the local interests of the port—let us endeavour to cultivate good feeling towards those who are politically opposed to us, and prevent political feeling from interfering with our en deavours to promote the local advantage of the town. I am satisfied if you act thus, you will win over to us those who will strengthen us, the party will grow stronger and stronger, and the time will soon come when Mr. Liddell and myself will not be the only two Conservative Members for this great county.—(Applause). I again thank you : all I-can say is, I am deeply sensible of the kind manner in which the Chairman and my ttev. Friend have spoken of me, and I trust their eulogiums will induce me never to forget the duties of the position to which I have attained, and act as incentives to my endeavours to serve my country, Your Chairman has ad verted to matters which were the subject of discussion during my election. I am sure you will do me the justice to say, that on that occasion I studiously abstained from any re ference to them. On this point I can appeal with confi dence even to my political opponents; but I was not un mindful of the position which this important port holds in the country, and although I then thought it unfair to give any pledges, or even refer to it in my speeches, my views were then formed, and I was quite ready to have developed them, had it been prudent to do so, in the same manner that I did the other day, and which I am happy to say met with the approbation not only of gentlemen who supported me, but of some who felt it their duty to oppose me.—(Applause ) This district is, perhaps, one of the most important in the kingdom, and if its resources were fully develsped Sunder land and Newcastle might rival Liverpool and Manchester. — (Loud applause.) But to accomplish this we must not suffer political feeling to interfere ; we must not allow politics to intermix in the management of these affairs, and by avoid ing this conduct we shall win overmany to the principles we profess, and show a bright contrast to those trading politi cians who mind everybody's business but their own.---(A p- plause.) I shall go to Parliament with an ambition to follow the steps of the gentleman on my right (Mr. Liddell), and of other gentlemen connected with the district, whose prin ciples and conduct I admire ; and I trust, by doing so, I shall discharge my duties ill a manner satisfactory to you and the gentlemen whom I have the honour to represent.—(Cheers ) Mr. HUDSON again rose, and gave " The healths of the electors of Sunderland ;" which was drank with cheers. A great many complimentary toasts followed, and the company broke up at midnight. His Excellency M. Dedel had an interview with Lord .berdeen yesterday, at the Foreign -office. d al' tu rre o ' 14 ov. 11, otoem titi °"S' iOV• it cailSe' Aition9, nurr erl ' 9• erg' CSC iiarrer; O rrer 99 cati"'' , e%CeP' 7'' ecti° l ' e a ,opr-s gi• e %cer It 4 ' S°‘:4s, CO' , eo r loPPcsea t to° , esy )er glk rr.l - the Leo" The ave r , it, ed fr l c , v e 0 l e e 'aloe din tie TO ° the. fi be r 4 eves , loccss)"tle• le tog O of etcr ial en i t Ile t o ot Woo e ode be olig lit rts l ,f l, $ 9 to,so nn, directol4t i. fo r de l we 01 0 0 110 tit , vd Pr ° ,to 5 5, y, OC' ORDNANCE CORPS. Royal llorse Artillery, Portobello-barracks, Dublin-1 troop, consisting of Lieutenant-Colonel Cobbe, commanding Captain Pestor, Second Captain Taylor, First Lieutenants Cator and Pack. Strength, 2 staff- sergeants, 3 sergeants, 3 corporals, 2 bombardiers, 59 gunners, 19 drivers, 1 trumpeter, 1 farrier, 1 shoeing-smith, 1 wheeler, 1 collar-maker, 13• officers' chargers, 70 troop horses. A troop, consisting of Lieut. Colonel Cobbe commanding, Brevet Lieut. Colonel Higgins, Lieuts. Hon. F. Saville, Goodenough, and Brandling, 2 staff serjeants, 3 corporals, 1 b_gmbardier, 48 gunners, 20 drivers, 1 farrier, 1 trumpeter, 1 shoeing-smith, 1 wheeler, 1 collar-maker, 15 officers' horses, 8 riding horses, 39 draught horses, with field battery. Rifle Brigade, Depot Ist Battalion, Pigeon House Fort, Dublin—The draught consisting of 1 serjeant, and 30 rank and file at Cork, are ordered to embark on board of the Java freight ship, 1,175 tons, for conveyance to Corfu. Captain Murray is ordered to proceed out to the service companies at his own expense, he having exchanged with Captain Reynard, who is reported sick in quarters. A general court-martial will assemble at Limerick, on the 23d in , tant, at the Castle Barracks, for the trial of such prisoners as shall be brought before it. Lieut. Colonel B. Trydell, 83d Regiment. President. Fourteen members, to be composed of officers serving in the Limerick district. Major Stoyte, 24th Regiment, Acting Deputy Judge Advocate. INSPECTION OF THE WOOLWICH DISTRICT OF PENSIONERS. —Tuesday morning No. 1 company of the Woolwich district of pensioners was inspected by Captain Forbes, the com manding officer, in the Royal Artillery barrack field, where they went through their military manoeuvres with the utmost precision and regularity, and the body of men presented a very soldier-like appearance. A great number of spectators assembled to witness the military evolutions of the pensioners, who evidently showed that they were ready and willing to resume arms in the cause of their beloved Sovereign, should their services be required. The two battalions consist of 350 men, selected from the whole body of pensioners of the Woolwich district. THE LATE GENERAL Norr.—The neglected and disordered condition in which the grave of General Nott is suffered to remain in St. Peter's Churchyard, has recently called forth from strangers who had been to visit the spot expressions by no means complimentary to the inhabitants. A stranger of some distinction, and apparently of military rank, visited the grave a few days since, and was not a little shocked and chagrined at the absence of the slightest memento that could have distinguished it from the humble memorials of mortality around. It is said of Voltaire that he built God a church, and laughed his word to scorn. A splendid monu meat is projected to the memory of Nott, while the remains of the hero lie neglected, and only rescued from obscurity by the hallowed association of the soldier's grave.—Carmarthen Journal. THE POTATO MURRAIN. (From the Medical Times.) " Quid quisque vitet, nunqnam homini satls : Cant= est in horas."—HonAcs, " Latet anguis in herba."—VIROIL. We make no doubt that our readers will readily hear what we have to say upon a matter very important at this time both to the pub3ie and the profession—the present " disease" amongst potatoes. It concerns us to inquire into the subject, as well from an interest which we feel in the fate of the poor, who will be the chief ,sufferers by the calamity, as from a de sire we have to ail the ' , rise working of an efficient system of hygiene, by stating the baA effects which we have known to follow the use of this depraved food. The "potato murrain," as it has been ridiculously called, is said to be comparatively new in this country, but has been known in America for many years past. During the present season it has visited us to so serious a.n extent as to cause considerable anxiety for the physical welfare of that class of people who are in a great measure sustained by potato-food. The " disease" has prevailed more or less extensively throughout the land; the salubrious atmosphere and kindly soil of Ireland have not exempted that country from the visitation, and it has swept with various severity through the continent, but purticularly in Belgium, Germany, and Holland. As the matter interests everybody, so we find that almost everybody has got an opinion upon it. In the midst of the mass of speculation, it is not to be wondered at that a good deal of folly as well as falsehood shold be let loose upon one's credulity and wonderment. There are a certain class of people yclept philosophers, and we fear we must include in that very large class another scarcely less capacious, we mean the soi-ilisant sect of chemists, who are able to see and ready to swear anything. Give them a subject with a crotchet in it, and they will have an explanation ready in no time. The one will prove, by a series of reasoning as difficult to refute as to comprehend, that such and such causes are at work, and, ergo, that such and such consequences must follow; the other will prove the precise opposite, and confirm the truth of his theory by chemical analysis, carried out with such de cimal minuteness, that, like the lote tree in Mahomet's seventh heaven, there is no going beyond it. The one silences you with an awful profundity that neither himself nor anybody else can fathom ; the other knocks you down, or rather tries to do, with ultimate analysis and the talismanic name of Liebig. There are some people with whom this system of illustrious humbug operates like mesmerism, but we old fashioned folks don't belong to the class of greedy gullibles, and we feel little inclined to trust either the words or the figures of one-half of the Giessen-bitten boys of the present day, without something more than their own proof, per se, of the integrity of what they utter. To return to our subject, as one upon which philosophic, microscopic, and chemical speculation are magnificently rife just now, we find all sorts of theories propounded to account THE AFFRAY IN NEW ZEALAND. The following description, from the pen of an Ame rican officer, Captain AltKeever, of the disastrous afFray at Russell, will be read with interest. It is dated Cr, ia on board the frigate Brandywine : "On the 3d of March we anchored at the Bay of Islands. Here I found affairs in a very disturbed en critical state, open hostilities having jest commenced be tween the natives under their celebrated chief .Heki and the English authorities at Kororarika, a town of 500 inhabitants. Her Britannic Majesty's sloop of war Hazard was lying off the town to protect it, and a flag staff was erected on a neighbouring hill, which had her n cut dovrn several times by Heki. I anchored the St. Louis above the town, and opposite a place called the Wahapo, where is situated a large American mercant il e establishment, and whose buildings at this time con tained some 60,000 dolls. worth of property owned in the United States. " In these difficulties between the English on the one hand, and the native-born men of the soil on the otter, I determined to pursue a course of impartial neutrality, and at the same time to evince, practically, my anxiety to prevent the usual barbarity of savage warfare. I'd this end, I succeeded in obtaining an interview with tLe chief Heki, and making him to understand the course I intended to pursue. I obtained from him a pledge that he would inflict no injury upon women or children, upon the missionary establishments at the Bay, nor upon the American property at the Wahapo—a Pledge which he faithfully kept. It was reported to me that Heki was making im proper use of an American flag, which by some means he had obtained possession of ; and, having seen it fly ing shortly after in one of his war canoes as he pass , d the ship, I proceeded on shoro, and obtaining another in terview with him, inquired his object in displaying the flag of the United States ; he informed me that he had done ss purely in compliment to the ship, and in token of friendship to all Americans. After explaining tol.mm the nature of a national flag, and that my country being at peace with England he must nut hoist it, as none I'LL Americans were entitled to its protection, he desisted from using it. On the 11th of March, at daylight, the natives, feigning a general attack upon the town, carried the blockhouse erected for its protection, took the signal station, and cut down the flagstaff. At meridian, to' add to the misfortunes of the day, the depot of powder be longing to the inhabitants by accident blew up, killing and wounding many. The town was now hastily aban doned, and in the course of that and the following day sacked and destroyed, with the exception of the churches and mission-houses. Our boats during the morning of the action were actively engaged in bringing off the wounded and the women and children to vessels in the harbour. The commander of the Hazard was mortally wounded, and I believe in all fifteen or sixteen Europeans were killed in the conflict, and about the same number wounded. The loss on the part of the natives is sup posed to be greater. " A request having come from the Hazard for the medical officers of the ship to assist in dressing the wounded, they promptly repaired on board, and to carry out my neutral views, upon a similar request from the camp of Heki, they were directed to proceed on shore the following day, and offer the same services, which were as kindly received. "Feeling called upon to afford all the aid in my power to the house less inhabitants, I at once offered a passage to Auckland (the seat of government of New Zealand) to as many as might wish to go. Accordingly, on the 13th, about 1.50 persons —men, women, and children— were received on board, and in company with the sleep of war Hazard and an English whale-ship, having on board the remainder of the inhabitants, we proceeded to Auckland, and landed them there on the 16th. It was my intention to have sailed thence direct ,to Otaheite ; but, on the eve of our departure from the bay, such strong and urgent representations were made to me by the agents of the American property, of the great dan ger to which it would be exposed in the absence of the ship, that I contented to return immediately ; and sub sequent events have proved the propriety of that course. On the 18th we left Auckland, where we met with great kindness from Governor Fitzroy and the authorities, and on the following day anchored again in the bay. All the American property was shipp e d aboard the American whalers, of which several were there, and whom I induced to receive and proceed with it to the United States. By these opportunities I communicated with the Navy Department, copies of which letters aro enclosed. " The opportune arrival, on the 31st of March, of her Majesty's frigate North Star, Captain Sir Everard Home, relieved me from a delicate position, and left me at liberty to proceed on my cruise. The documents from him, in relation to an intended blockade of the bay, together with the copy of a letter from Governer Fitzroy, of New Zealand, are herewith enclosed, * * The Bay of Islands has heretofore been the chief resort in these seas for our whalers ; but the present difficulties between the English and natives must effec tually close it against them for some time. It is coto puted that there are generally not less than 150 American whale ships cruising off the coasts of New Zealand. " At this season of the year the sperm whalers procetd to the north-west coasts of America and the seas con tiguous to Japan. I have met several who 'were destined there. " At the Bay of Island we have had no properly commissioned Consul for some years. This, I found, had been a source of regret to all parties concerned. " In the general desertion of the place, I directed the records, seals, flags, &c., of the Consulate to be dispatched to the care of the United States, Consul at Sydney. " I may here remark, that, in our intercourse With the various authorities of the ports we have visited, anti ' with the American Consuls, the courtesies of the former, with the attention, kindness, and high stand ing of the latter, have afforded me much gratification and pride. " I have received on board, at Hobart Town, Sydney, and the Bay of Islands, several sick and destitute Ame rican seamen, some of whom are now able to do duty, and serve partially to make up the deficiency in the ship's complement:: in connexion with the preceding letter of Captain Mlieever, we lay before our readers the followil g letter from the British Minister to the Secretary of Statv, furnished to the Navy Department, by which we have been favoured with a copy 2 . 4 Washington, Sept. 6, 1845. " Sir,—The enclosed extract of a dispatch, lately re ceived by her Majesty's Government from the Gove rnor of New Zealand, will inform you of the friendly and ge nerous assistance afforded by an officer of the United States navy, Captain ISPKeever, of the St. Louis, to the local authorities and the European inhabitants of that settlement, in a case of great emergency. "In making this communication to you, I am com manded to express to the Government of the Unit( d States the high sense which her Majesty entertains of the services rendered by Captain M'Keever on the occa sion referred to. " I have the honour to be, with high consideration, " Sir, your obedient servant, " R. PAKENHAM. The Hon. James Buchanan, &c." EXTRACT OF A DISPATCH FRODI GOVERNOR FITZROY TO LORD STANLEY. " Auckland, March 26, 1845. "The Captain of the United States frigate St. Louis, Captain D. M'Keever, did everythin g that a humane and brave officer of a foreign but friendly power could do under such circumstances. " He could not interfere hostilely • but he sent his un armed boats, and went him se lf, under frequent fire, to succour the women and children, and convey them safely to his frigate. "He afterwards brought 125 souls to Ackland ; and he is now at anchor in the Bay of Islands, ready to afford a refuge to our missionaries and their families, should they require such friendly assistance." TEE LATE MRS. FRY. The remains of Mrs. Elizabeth Fry were interred on Mon day in the Friends' burying-ground at Barking, in this county. The funeral was conducted in a strictly unosten tatious style, in conformity with the recognised custom of the Society of Friends. The body did not arrive at the late residence of the deceased lady, at Upton, from Ramsgate, till seven o'clock on the morning of the interment. About a quarter before eleven o'clock the funeral cortege proceeded en route to Barking, under the superintendence of Mr. Smee, of Finsbury-pavement, in the following order :—The hearse, containing the body, drawn by two horses, and preceded by four men walking, who officiated as undertakers, followed by the carriages belonging to the respective members of the de ceased's family, their personal friends and acquaintances, be sides others belonging t o severa l di st i ngu i shed individuals, resident in that and the immediate neighbourhood, number ing in the whole thirty-nine. The cortege, which extended more than half a mile in length, moved at a very slow pace, and, added to the thousands who had assembled to pay their last tribute of respect to departed worth, gave a solemnity to the proceedings which can be better conceived than de scribed. Among i the mourners we observed, in addition to the sons and daughters of Mrs. Fry, Messrs. Samuel Gur ney, sen. and jun., Mr. J. Masterman, M.P., Sir E. Buxton, Sir J, H. Pelly, Mr. John Joseph Gurney, a great number of the members of the Society of Friends, and other. persons of distinction. Between fifty and sixty carriages from various parts were observed at Barking, waiting the arrival of tha body, which reacheAl there about one o'clock. After the ne cessary preliminaries had been arranged, the body was re moved from the hearse and consigned to its last resting place, and the death-like silence that prevailed for several minutes was broken by appropriate addresses from two female Friends, and one from Mr. John Joseph Gurney. The de livery of the addresses occupied more than two hours, and they were listened to with the most intense interest, but from the concourse of persons assembled many were pre vented from hearing. We may observe, no funeral ever created so great a sensation in that neighbourhood. From an early hour in the morning carriages of various descrip tions might be seen proceeding to Upton, in addition to hun dreds of pedestrians of all classes and both sexes, anxious to witness the funeral obsequies of one whose life was marked lijf every virtue which could tend to render her name illus trious, not only to the present, but succeeding *enerations. We cannot close without offering our humble tribute of re spect to the memory of one so eminent for her philanthropy and benevolence as Mrs. Elizabeth Fry. By her death so ohned poor rn and olioiestwohioiecootfilditssygnrweaattehsitseo?.itaimi e t n h t e s i — r e t wants. She sought out the abodes of vice an d a de l ie l es e tt v -vi i t a uh t ta e e their s poverty, in order that she might instil principles of virtue on the one hand, and supply the cravings of hunger and desti tution on the other. In her the sons and daughters of mis fortune, crime, and suffering, found a friend • whom they could procure without money and without price. Surely a o a t p e p d i n t e o s s h o u f m h a e n r e fe a l n l o d w b - c e r n e e: t - o u l r e e n s t , l a o n n d g life promoting wlio the c h v 'S a ri I t l i o c n :: title Mrs. Fry to be ranked a s one o f t h e greatest philan 'thropists (of her own sex) whi c h thi s country ever pro-. duced.--= C helmsford Chronicle. ACCIDENT. ON THE RICHMOND RAILWAY.--,011 Wednesday afternoon, about two o'clock, a lad employed on the works of the Richmond railway, at Wandsworth, had one of his ancles crushed in a frightful manner by one of the wheels of a truck slipping off the rail. He w ps . immediab lv laid upon some straw, at the bottom of a chaise-cart, and driven to Guy's Hospital. ...• to be 3atb, Lid-- for :like e he half; egret the Sir, °the 79 wed- ~ is, ) and or, 7, 4 el. s ll6e 5' ions. , no ses' , at the c opie S ceding heard, ; )re too C 3 ~;~ef ti .~ /