The Sun. — London, England, 1845-03-18 00:00:00

Na~`• _ ---- -......,,.., ....---... -es.-- t 4t itireit.g,i-heral incloeures. He thought a mensure et' o , ,if effectuell t carried out reelid h. , c-f es 14 , " g()° , l to 1-,,,, 3 ,'.' .' • , : 50,,,,,,. b .-. „ialai and to the lenglisli labourer. and '`e at seeals e s e , i . „ e ,„, e ._ , .., „ e s . e ...„, , i ---. u,., C. •s , e l: ere stteree _ne s .- rs e ( ' '`'.• riser.) T, -t cheni e-• - -- , i - ..ree- oeen e 11, NV s c „, ht isr ti e . • , , e 1„.„.„ ~. s ,. .1 s s es e l se , s reel 11 1 4. , 'Pesdily s e !et e:-;„ : s t ' '.. . .2f 1 . 1-; - ,.' - z''' ' - '''' th '..ne g`-rerall:q :, n ';',' ; ' *---., ' . `.. -'' -,-.-- '' - ett . , ' -. te ( ltlite a , , sere ...el ere )1116, 011 pesseil, lei it (sere p l ish slope.. to; , •ask- fee private Members to rey fe ) ar e tliie object vi ithoet the fill let tie Co in rt tcene n e - l i - -Ne tt t . e earnesile- It ;;;;.:1, th eref(,re, eli.,t f i t tse e e „ iti 11 AT Weiild untlertelte this task. : ill se to t i ea r t o ti opier,ion which he would leave the , i ', t ertir eettt wl‘iii, for it wets hopeless to se'ete., rites 1 11 .ti vo p_ . ' t nth d have to de e its , it; ils ( \ ie. biter) °lA ll ts t " il le S -." ' tun ' ?s ic - mt.? i'. r, till v. a1t, , , , d ~! th il:gl:t ii ),..,. .41-,, Vie, (•.1. the Horne Dep :run nt. The 1 11 11,4' 1 1-.. took tim e to eon- , ider his I maeds, hot lip spiel los he had he 'lel r othing ni , re tte-ti the subject. :ttli'll he It' ( il)rne t , , I - .. .1 , 0!:0 to ask n striaP reduce on. bY ih„.,„1 4 tA)0 1 , r., - ,5 , ,n t() twii(,ye k: .1 ht-en til.l.3o‘t I ; t linl itt . " h ilt Iloe 13-• i - net et the head of tie- Go l e l It en ' ' t , 1i ., (1 by rte N ,, ,ie Lord the itlember for Lan - 1 Icy a o \- -hia h e i t t h e re-„epeei ion of tiie ilutise, that in ' 14 .4i14 ) 1 7 1 " - ;'i t t , •`' of tho 11(41e had le en proposed on 11 { tto1)4 s % ::', l : agricultural distress; and among the Hon. jl ',.lla se 10 sit on the: o,)mrnit , ee were the Eight 'ul e t n,.. il l 't at the head of the Csovernment, and the ' l Stili tt ; the Aletnber for the City of London. The i lsr,, ur e divided the eubject matter (If their inquiry 44, 4 re dep m aitinentsi fro cech of V. IliCll emaneted a k t ,4 e , tt ..urt. ()Ti' , of those reports, to svhich he would ,Aikh l tultir 1% ferenee, was ti.at e hieh result, d from 'iilt,d,`4lllteittett over which the Right Hon. Bar , net t s„ 1 1111,t 64 the subjt et or crimiettl prosecul h ins. This ' 4 t' ec ' , i'•s he had plicailv sed Was a sue-divisii n Nlt t , gener a l c„` - . s '_. '' : • • eti. 1.,,,,111,1i,1. Cc, appointed to inquire into a, Ll , sti e d t , [e ss. Ile wou!d read an extract from the re ;.'' ti e d „, 13 ti'e C. , inmi , tee or 1833. The 11,-n. Member a ' ,, ' , 1N 1 ,.' , "0 extract adteltd to, which stated that the ‘tte s i c L'e,t of the couety rstes W. 05 ohe well Worthy of' litllibt ( e -i f lti " ' -0. he lii.t.:oe. and it recommended that 1-j. tit 16 e • ee of prosecutions should be borne, 4 i "e co . cl . ti t ,N th e ~ u nli but by the Government. It charac- Oto s Istern of expenditnre as rinomelotts iti the Csllt e l',,nti migti.,.l i.., , ,m ,, , ,, , , IT a...tiur , ,i utility, and s 4, 44, c n ' t ; ti -' ,1 1-. iluti;,, ;.. - ije its deliberate s• ttni . iori s t etoit,7 "- He now etone to the rerert en erimmul (skit 4 "Itsh has I. n is-u, d by the Committ , e 'lt tt ' • . er - Vxpr t , 'e Right HOll. Baronet presided. a: d that t ll„ as. setl a sitniler opinion with that he had read to !rfeetl't That eemclusion had been earthy c:irried '' ,) (l et : t . !r in 1836 it was deterteinsd, witile the Noble L tl kl h e 14 "Alice, ! hat • the prost cotions in emu, tit s N';',4ll, dill by the Geeernment. However the Nate 14 , 4h4 , : t l . hot exactly carry out the re ,- i ,ttel d Pi ns made to him in that report. i t t4 te scarcely conceive, after the reading . k, t t t Po s ,, tt Phrts, what a-t-wer the Government li tt Ati eb P r ePared to give him ; or wby the r cone '' it le s h tli „ a i de in 18,14 should not he carried out in lr'er e '''"'d be in the recollection of the House that 4ltti: t e !neat had se tit d• mei to the ceuritry inspectors ' • k t i 4 po4 i nto the condition of prison discipline. They s tlith ministerial instruetione, and he (Mr. Nilles) k ollo ti e f ,: 4(l a right to ask that the expt , rises and the le t " r t * b; i t_R prison, rs committed for trial .e i lruld Ns it ,.. errne by the Government. The ()Ilse v i kto . t . - " 1 that the county rates were not levied 9 ilte 41 0 -at rnsrs alone, but upon the tenant. It was I_titt e „ h e ( Atager that wes called upon to ply them, kit al wedt s _t y lte aggregete amount must . scein small l e e ie ,, ~ L ily upon them, and its remission, without ~ IS t u till to the expenditure of the Government, ;: l t,ise r , s• seep iii the right. direction, and be a re sell' - 4 good pr'neiple. He would likewise ask, Othol?s,rtietilar enses the expenses of ;he Conmer's et(ea," l • 4 be remit: , I. On the coast bosti( s ere k . 'slii r '' w it'hed as . her's . . the Corense wes obliged to h's - best e 1 .. ' ' •) the cep-. , 5 , s came of; the 4 4 ,, 0.. tif . 4l, I,m, t ll ll O " 11 .• asked the m, in such a case as thnt, to it se „ ' 4l t t''' "" 'air the expenses. At:other eircernstence es sed !lis heavily upon the rate payer, in counttes, sS S• ef" t lenses incurred in printing the re :tel - „ t utors, and this expense also, he t et t tee ' ll s ",, l Lld be borne by the Government. -S„,".tos L be abort the total expense to the Govern ttjtrlsiel):;airti.,°' the w hole of these reconarnemiations ~hi tl t e''3 l ? Let the-m tali- it in round numbers at Vl t St ~ 1 , duetits• eome thing from hat, the V% hole Ver ed 6 iild eit se e 7 i el 350,000/. He had thus en- S t... t th e ' 1, 8 shortly es oessible, to bring before the tio t;:ei It ase the seete oF xericuhural distre.s and + - i * i t ise i,t,,14r0l interests e•enerally. Ile had called the 'cliee" the Governin,7,,t to cortein recommendations lles''"'•iveti w..u1 , 1 be of the utmest benefit to the Ithis t t; Is ts. at the same time that he had pointed evil, .i. k .lttri,' which peculiarly pressed upon them-more ytie •'' t he poor -rates of the country. The cons . tti l tlis: a s , t e re more alive to the necessity that ex- Nec, t 'ss 'C e ripresentatives should endeavour to carry , i illla et t ets-ohiects ' calculated to benefit that class q ' '' L lisit e t `' the Right lion. Baronet in the position :lter4l l .,' E ert , held. It had been said that . the rents ' , ti t 40" tip, and that, therefore, the distress was IS lb c °l lld not be general. Such was not the S Ilefe abutse wpaid because it was quite im oitt o r . were up t `lee t t t ee 3 ' Person to hold a tenant upon his lands if Pcst e r ,"" meet his expenses. But it was a certain 'i, Il l . :the last few years they had not made any t nespe' r , e was a want of confidence in the measures 'Se t ,:"lltr . forward by the Government ; they said I ,'V e tt d, s ,',,, e Alld be worse then the position they now ,Nti p ntli t - " a was but seldom that they heard now . ,Tstli,!lltkr,rss, of her Mejesty's Ministers any allusion to L'ltst!ltti - ,," They stated that the few words given by :44 4 ' 1a,, - , 11 . Baronet to the agricultural interest, at the , i i i th e , statement, filled them with distrust. ~Nl4't h ey' -, 4 41e session in which the corn-laws were lerf -11* the duty on articles over which the tr .. " se s r r e etien had bsen thrnwn suddenly removed, t11:11iit tVolturists ver naturally said- . What is to SL , se e , corn -l ee r s c• ming next ?"-(llear, hear, :‘,.." 11 1 tt : r °rn the Opposition benches.) Looking at ,' l , - ``ije -- ,, t 't agriculture, said they had a right to ~.)otitiL4 , if this pteeee ' titm was not afforded them, it ~'lt ; i l th:. u4 t- right that they enould be released from 'PI'. t sh ta xes whichpressed upon them. When he kkon thuds . - Ole pf. stating, not los own opinion, but the i lt il %t, farmers, who thought the Government would IN, t Nn i t .c s tore their former prosperity by uphold i,teltieb a k s. It was a knowledge of this circume N e il I ,: l ad induced him to bring this subject be- Ng so ° ;°e; but, at the same time, he must declare N e '4lls:, t h i at it was clone without the sanction of Oei' es t thi e ',l l . body. He had thcueht it necessary, in i s s,"t i 8, to mucus ion upon the fleor of the House of 04 1 41 1as ' state the?sentiments of the farmers, and V4l, ll e r° non. Memeers that he had mentioned iel s '', he did not sincerely and conscientiously o i „ t 'qfi,„"unded in truth and justice; and it now Z his' ` n e House to say whether it affirmed or Omit'. solution. I li t t'Po t ti t he . 1 11 seconded the amendment, but after the able 4;44 1, thts • l '' 4l . Alember for Sornersetshire, be would tres '' ~..0.e,,' 'one of the house but for a very few minutes. I tii l le ' 7, lif in i Zot there to represent a large agricultural con -10, th lreol ti 'tad returned him upon the firm determination N i ti tillt :ref or . uphold agricultural protection. Ile did not i nt t hat „ Q ' he q - iould be &Ctn.. his duty by them, if he did it t s Wpr o „ -c 'elsien, express his entire concurrence in the Vtl t '"ks e rioded by his Hun. Friend. Every protection 14; i ye k , ,ilfftirdcd to ag,-icultural produce had, within the 9, 14 Li g :„Yen reduced to an es.ormous extent, an extent 'i t t ts it aet -In a, was far greater than either the exigencies o tit t . it t3 ,. call e d for, or was compatible with the interests of t.; t ‘ t 1 , 4 14 jhe agriculturists had a fair right to ask, not as tes - qte 4an act of justice, that they should be relieved .q,,, pre, wl the burdens of local taxation. Great kC fedii - t;' e 'l amongst the farmers of . England-a ~ ‘ ,4 1 1d e it - 1 was sot peculiar to locality, but was Ot t t ? he e e very ~art of the country. In support of this S h: it k :lt t i Guild reel. with confidence to the. deputations It iLk At i ,! l t o t i l l? Q 't the Right Hon. Baronet . some titne ago, , 1 1, 1 14,71 v, Inl their itleae and their sentiments upen the R e. ,te a ' to i l ; s to the numerous pstitions that had been likNOik.rted kr ,Yonnent from many parts of the country. i let tere iat ne corn-laws when they were originally 1 , 0 to i nti , but had he been aware . that it was the h o t ikt h o ° , !tice . the Canada Corn-Bill,. no power on ‘4l % Il se o n ee i todueed him to say a word in their favour. \te t e t tele,c 4 lid not resist the appeal which hid been 'i tt Calio u ' r the agricultural distress antler which they %''tl it t t 't tl ie , 4l g,• They did not ask the House to benefit V,/ ,!, wo - 4 i i tooked to Parliament for justice, and he 'tttts "Ile,fil'net look in vain. IZtd t 'ela se th 'ali who was more than usually indistinct, W7 i ls t ! t he ;* e i ntentions of her Majesty's Government with Ntlia t e t pt e l lt :ndment proposed by the Hon. Member for l ti l kst lO ß lh oefore doing so, he would take the opportunity 4 4 ) ,N'tek e e s 'lon. Member himself, and the Noble Lora Vsti it ßlit tt ,"nr the moderation and temper with which he ~ ,ti sliebt eev ' e s ubject before the House. In the first place, ~,y,,"Y ofr' t hat they were not discussing the extent or VII P r° 'ection. Nor were they discussing the 4, 1 lintto agri.ehntinuing or discontinuing legislative pro- I lt! t het,l r 'cu g i,' u t it urista•-( lit ar. ) His Honourable Friend h'..s.:ati,i 4 d et ,,, the amendment forward, had entered into aft,: th e 7"s with reference to the condition of agricol 'brot 14 dustiess which existed in the various parts of the 't e ,k !or b;? i ng . tbi s his Hon. Friend had laid the founda 11\'I,Itthat Nth 4lo -ton on the paper which they were then dis-- I t a e C Ao er , fer the repeal of the existing corn-laws-a 11 / 4 k4th,i,, - t aua. Corti Bill, or the re-consideration of some qt i ii t i tt thade by his Befo re glancing at some portions of -11 1k ,%,„_'rati ort '_',? ins Hon. Friend, he would first bring under 'l n i h i..Te totie ul the House what had been the financial policy '4l s lit had nt aerie the time they had first taken office. ti v lt Zetled i C ot been directed exclusively to the advancement ~4 6t , adttitT,ferest of the country but:he believed it was , ttOot , 1 4 they had adopted ' a couree which was cal liiittiof th e • y to benefit one, but the whole of the existing si l t "unr I i t h Cy : a ble ie , Y. It would be remembered, that when a l ~, to , -.to Offic e they , found a very considerable .entle. I.here was a large ex‘.eorliture h i lls t4 ael eaeeeded the e, ' country. t,_ tt iv , _ t wo_„ panne resources of t he t I tt , ( : , th e a ,,,QWI also be recollected that the Right Hon. th e 4 5 . 1 ) . r i'eMblT for Poy tsmeuth had some short (tine ts. N. h igh . ePreciated the , continuance of this deficiency, toitot .. ' Honour arable.. . ti,i)ri t te en ‘gort ~,, a e. , Gentleman determined that k ,A L ti () , set th e ~ '3 r. ,- tessary on the part of the ram • ,eti Gowan ': a declining exchequer. The e ) i i, lbetobe "lan 'sment, of which he was ads- er, a • fide s ta p larg e l y Milled a particular remedy, and in doing , ti s o er on the ret.ources of the consumer. They ' t'(l 4l th4: k 'ld t a ;: e b Y fiv. pin. cent all the duties ef ciestoms 0,,, eofN. e x . e assessett ?ax es ten , per' cent. NOW the re tmet „ e Pen itent __ a tp i lefo e eer lw'r cent. W s ':ell' worthy of remark. The in -0 ,1e,,,, esp ondi „:Yon the consumer, so far from pro 040Y o f 1 ,,"o, increase in the revenue, felt still I,,lrr t 4 Whi t . h !'°? o /, Now what was the ?semi it,iy tik6 Pf i eSe . Tit - t . f rittn;:ial experiment . tau. , l ber ii l 'e s tss el , noes es • G o ver nment? Why it convinced them Oy, i 'e‘t, at ,' Indirect taxation had been abso- Att d p i ty pf t , . therefore if the wished to restore Il ltlN nt 'od ' le e°unt v they' 'es l ' he e div e dir rs. must abandon intlirese taxa ies y cl _ n before ect tit:calico to a greater extent than it 1,,,N , r 18 0 ' , re te st , d in a t . ' • ~ .. •I -51-,.! , '44, , ~. lb, p:, , . , time of ps , ace , co. says!: i, , It Zte t . 5 5 i r ' ., oed e „, , .'sht Eon. Baronet at the he.as - k to the It to ‘ t ,:- trio " i P . ei ,,, 5 , t , ' , 115. lie pr,1?0,i1.! , '. ~ 141,::,1111,,. k ii . ,, i) p' ee th e en a es ',• e ,t h '"P"ri Y- 's a 'teen the eoun , xy, ,rota o r ,„:a tite zwid,i f t , ;_tit t a;•:(l that rtot o ly woald t Ise ;Thee ItiaVe i f i _wipl eted, at, an available surplus be - obtaineLl. ~1 hi, ).tl ie „, ine same time, (net this stars lus shoeld v,ensi 4 e t ti ''utsiree t,f it .1 . • 4 te e eete , ot. v.. i. ircc. taxation, and iei the yea' 4441 4 45 t e 4,-, i , i ia , p- in er,... t. , , e s nd of m- o l e a r.o n i, cr , 0 ; n, 1,53 tha!l ofiert l d, a rie t ,. e i l ft , rzt :: ri, l ive labra,wir w n , i s at: , - . 1 1 - , ! .., 11 ,, t p ip m 0n . e: ~.11 ' , e h c i l n: e: alit} ~ la,n;lei.'at,riai COOSiStA Ilf r i m ' ' •:..'V e reeli.e. us b, slot only gave la fr.- . . rge r ein ,l 4,, Fo vinent to TH E SUN, LONDON, TUESD A V EV ENING, MARCH 18, 1815. of the Rig'at Hon. Baronet had been made earlier it might have been some ground for the lion. Member. for Somer- Fetsirire post pen:ng his motion. He re j oiced in the imposition ef the income-tax as a step towards an improved system of taxation; hut he complaieed that in the redtietion of taxation wlsi, h had been ma..le in consequence, the I, ast proseerous r lass had net been considered.—( Hear, hear ) One 'debt Amos` thit.k. on looking at 'he spectacle exhibited th in e , t Cr,st the lion, diember for Stockport was the high-prie4 ,-f free trade, and that those who sat on the Trea sury beeches &raisin ed responses to his song.- , -( Laughter. ) There were tag portions of her Majesty's dominio s in which a‘tricu tore was at present prosperous—lreland and Scotland— and he supposed it was with reference to this that. the Noble teetten wa; the bane of agrieulture p ' uo '— rot7 a_ d. Lord the Member for the City of London had said that " pr h had been c n o , r i dia a l b ly y as a s n e , n i te w d a t r o ml b y y 111.11:1;ePtetl many e ti rf n o r o w n S h u t i Su e n derland, opposite tide of the Houae. The only meaning which he totild attrieh to the repression was, that because agriculture was not prosperotis while protected, th-refnre, pro tection was it, bane.—( Hear, hear.) The connexiott :veered to him not to be inevitable. There was another principle at work contemporaneously with protection. He was one of those who thought that the monetary system of this country— ( Laughter)—had a principal influence on its productive powers, and that system had been operating conjointly with what had been termed the " bane of agricult re." In conclusion, he must express kis firm conviction that the Right Hon. Baronet had not disproved the statements mule by the Hon. Member for Somersetahire, and, therefore, not absolved them from the obligation of affording to their constituents relief; and however tr,fl ng that relief might be, it would be taken as an indication that if the distress increased, the relief would hereafter be ex tended. The Noble Lord at the head of the Woods and Forests was, it appeared, engaged in considering many subjects steeple interesting to egriculture. He believed that that tact, and the tone of the speech delivered by the Secretary of State for the Home Department would have a most beneficial effect. By such means many would be satisfied and assured ; being made to feel that they had one of their own body, and one who did not forget them, among her Majesty's principal ad visers.—(llear, hear.) Lord dOliae RUSSELL said the Hon. Gentleman had done him the honour to allude to an expression which fell from him at the very beginning of the session; namely, that " Protection was the bane of agriculture " Now, if that ex pression required any justification or proof, it would be given by what had passed that eight. The lion. Gentleman who brought forward the motion stated that in various instances protection had been broken in upon. He went through the different Bills which had been passed under the present Government—the corn-law of 1812, the tariff of the same year, and the Canada corn-bill of 1843. He did not venture, however, to prorose that any of those laws should be repealed; but having stated those Bills, he left the question, merely proposing that the sum of 275,0001. should be taken off BIC county rates.—( Hear. hear.) lie was followed by the Right lion. Gentleman the Secretary et State for the Home Depart ment, in a speech which the Hon. Gentleman who had spoken last declared to be so highly consolatory to the agricultural in terest, that it could not tail to have a beneficial effeet upon the country. Now what was it that the Right lion. Gentleman had sail which was of so consolatory a nature ?—( Hear, hear.) Did he propose to restore protection to its former high rate? Or did he propose additional protection, to prevent the influx of cattle and corn from Canada ? Nothing of the kind. What the Right Hoe. Gerelemata said was, that the Legis'atere ought to give progressive 'acilities for the impartation of foreign c o mmodities—(Cheers)— that if persons wished to know if a good price could be obtained for agricultural pro- duce in his part of the country, the mode of ascertaining it was to inqUire into the state of Manchester and of Glasgow, to ask what was the condition of the manufacthring districts in Eng land and Scotland, and if these were flourishine, then it was expected that agriculture would flourish in a similar propor tion.—( Hear, hear, and cheers.) Was that any encourage ment to pro . ection ?—( Hear, hear.) Was it not directly the reverse ?—( Hear, hear.) Was it not showing that as they had taken away protection, and encouraged the progress of manufactures, they had afforded the means of improving agri • culture ?—( Hear, hear.) But as the Right Hon. Gentleman had said there was a speech made the other night which had not been answered—(Hear. hear)— which ha did not believe very well could be answered, and which showed in what manner pro tection was injurious to agriculture—he meant the admirable and powerful speech of the Hon. Member for Stockeort.— ( Bear, hear.) He believed it might be shown with regard to most articles, as thrt Hon. Member hest shown with regard to agricultut e, that the consequence of legislative pro tection, while it ameared to be a favour to that particular class which was protected, operated against all the other sections of the community, and therefore exposed that class to odium and to envy ; he believed the consequence to be that it tended to make men slovenly —( Hear, hear) —wanting in energy in that particular occupation ; and that it induced them to rely upon an Act of the Legislature to secure to them a certain price in stead of rel)ieg upon their own skill and energy. That he should be disposed to say with regard to almost any article. He maintained that if ever there was a country which was dis tinguished at once by great energy and intelligence, and at the same time by the possession of extensive capital, which was ready to be employed in any enterprise that required such employment, this was that country. Let them rely then upon that energy, intelligence, and capital ; let them look to then for the means of waalth and for the encouragement of prosperity, and let them not rely upon that broken reed which might be obtained from legislative protection. He might say this with regard to any article of manteracture, for which, in former days, the manufacturers themselves sought protection by legislative means.—(Hear, hear.) He was happy to say that manufacturers, nosy- day's, perceiving their great success in foreign countries, and finding that they had not the smallest need of that protection, had adopted sounder theories of coin merce.—(Hear, hear.) But with regard to some of these manufactures, there might have been an appearance of success on the plan of restriction and monopoly, because there were some articles of which no great quantity was consumed, and for which there was no absolute necessity in the community. Now, he would take one on which there was a monopoly in Holland, and another in which there was aprohibitory duty in this count ry —lie referred to spices and silk. The world could live without sweets, and people could have articles of raiment without silk. There was no absolute want of those articles. With regard to articles of that kind there might be a very high price in pro portion to the ctemand, and legislative protection might to a certain extent be successful with respect to a particular class, though it were an injury to all the rest of the community. But the agricultural body had no such advantage. While corn and other articles of food were cheap, they might have a duty of 205., 405., or 508., and the community would not complain ; but immediately articles of food reached a very high price, there was naturally so much discontent that the system itself broke down.—(Hear, hear.) That had been found to be the operation of the system ever since 1815. when he was a Member of that House, though he was not present at the dela .tes or the corn-law, the farmers said that nothing less than 80s. would be a remunerative price to them, that it was impossible that they could live and carry on culti vation with a less price for their corn. Why at that day it was impossible that any Legislature which had regard to the peace of the country could attempt to maintain a law which gave such a price as 80s. Well, the protection was relaxed, and a new law passed. But that again was found too high. The law of 1828 passed, and after a certain time there was a general complaint against that law likewise. It was propo ed in 1839 to alter that law, and he declared at that time that he was in favour of a moderate fixed duty, and of a relaxation of the system. Those who were placed in opposition to the Govern vernmeut of that day said, thet the protection was not too much, but ought to be maintained; that they would not throw the law of 18)8 into the lottery of legislation. that even if the Government had come forward as an united Government, which they were not, they would oppose any altera tion in the existing law. Well, a change of Government took place ; and those who were apparently in favour of protection, those who were against a relaxation of the law, came into power. And what had they heard from the Hon. Gentleman that night ? Why, they had heard that ever since that time Parliament had been gradually breaking down that protection; that it was broken down first by the-corn-law of 1842, then again by the tariff, and, hoary, by the Canada Corn Bill of I re 43. Therefore, the case was as he (Lord John Russell) had represented it. Although it might sound very well to talk of protecting native industry, and of giving that important interest which was concerned in agriculture, a greater security for the price of thei , produce than any interest in the country Although that might at first appear a very good theory, vet, when they cayse is effect to ft rce eighteen millions of people to consume food at a certain high price to be fixed by the L- gislature, such was found to be the discontent, and, he mieht add, such the danger in consequence, that every pru dent Government would say with the Right Ho nourable Gentleman opposite, " Look at our increasing population, and see whether it be s afe to continue the law as it ; if we cannot have free trade in corn immediately, let us have corn brought in through some of cur coloaies ; let es, in short, have some facility or other by which the extreme rigor of the law may be made more tolerable, and by which this pro tection, which is said to be so necessary, may be less a protec tion in effect than it is in a ppearance."—( Hear, hear.) But it might be said that, after all, even if this protection could not be kept up to so hig h a p itch as was desired by those who brought the Government into power fer the purpose of main taining it, there wa s no reason why it should be a mischief; that it could, after all, be no bane to agriculture, even if it did not do the good for the sake of which it was sought. But then he came back to that argument which had been used so irre sistibly, and he said that by this legislation, which tended to keep up a price which they could not maintain, they did give a false reliance to the farmer—(Hear, hear)—they did induce him to look to the law and not to his own energy.—(Hear. ) They did 'each him to neglect those means upon which be ought chiefly to depend—such means as economy, acti vity, and improved science, by leading him to think that he had a landlord who w ent u p to Parliament expressly to take care, that whatever his cultivation might be—be it slovenly, be it ignorant—there should he a high price secured to him, and that he need look ne further than the Acts of the Legislature for a proper remuneration, if he wished for a remu nerative price in the marlcet. lie would not detain the House any further upon this point having, he thought, sufficiently shown that this protection utter] which the farmers relied was, as he stated at the e.ommenceinent of the session. " the bane of agri culture."—( Hear, hear. ) Well, then, the Right lion. Gen tleman the First Lord of the Treasury had said the other night that he ( Lord J. Russell) seemed to oscillate between the two sides of the House, and that, although he declared protection to be the " bane of agriculture," and although those words might sound very well, yet he did not carry that theory into effect. Now, with regard to that point, though he might be entirely mistaken in that view, if two modes of doing away with protection were presented to him—one, that of doing away with it suddenly and abruptly; the other, that of removing it cautiously and gradually— in such a case, following the great authorities who had written and seoken on this subject. he should prefer the latter to the former mode.—(Hear, hear.) But that was entirely as to the means to be employed, it was not a quetion as to the policy which ought to be adopted. There was no doubt im plied as to the end at which they ought tow aim. —(Hear, hear.) When he said that protection as a bane to all the interests protected, but more especially a bane to agriculture, and that they o u g ht to do awa y with restriction anal monopoly, he was, in fact, following the words and senti ments of Mr. Ricardo. Bat at the same time, in the very page in which Mr. Ricardo maintained that doctrine. he inserted the word " cautiously," as a warning—though he was more of a theoretical writer than a practical statesman—as a warning to those who umierteke this task, as to the cc rcumspection with which it eught to be carried into effect.—(Hear, hear. ) But, with regard to the general theory of this subject, he might be allowed to make a quotation from another author, who was still living, and whose name he would mention to the Howe when he had read the pissage. The words were so much better than any he could use, the whale theory of com merce was so well stated in it, that he trusted the House would forgive him for reading it. " The only beneficial care that a Government can take of commerce is, to afford it pro tection in time of war, and to remove by treaties the restric tions placed on it by foreign Governments in time of peace, while it abstained from placing on it, however plausible they might seem, any re=trictiens of their own creating." .‘ The interest of a State consisted in the prosperity of the whole, and it was contrary to sound policy to defend one class at the expense of the others ; the only mode of ascertaining the newel limits of each was to let them all alone."— (Cheere - a) Such was the 'opinion given many years ago, in a pamphlet by Mr. Alexander Baring, the present Lord e sh• burtrin—( Loud cheers)—it was marked by the sagacity, the knowledge, and the distinguished talent that Noble Lord pos sessed.—( Hear.) This, then was his (Lord J. Russell's) opinion with regard to commerce in general, and he did not, think, therefore, they should gain anything by doing what many farmers wished them to do—repealing the Canada Corn Act—putting a higher duty en the admission of foreign cattle, or in any way going, back to that system of high-protec tion which the present Gov, rnment declared it did not wish to restore.—( Hear, hear.) Lut there was oee thing they could do for the farmers—there was one thing they were bound to do for them—and that was, not to hold out. these delusive hopes to them.—(Cheer=.) They had seen the farmers mreti , g this year in various placer, they had read the reports of those meetings, containing complaints of their present state. and requests for fine her protection. He thought the House ought to tell the farmers, if it did give them this far her protection, it would only be afferding them a "delusion and a Snare —(Cheers)—flat their best relied-me could be on their own industry and skill, and that the future course of Parliament would be to diminish and finally take away the present mount of protection, not to creaee new one'.—( Hear, hear. ) But such was not the language held, such was not the course now pursued. The Hon. Gentleman who bad spoken from that corner of the House, bad stated how much they regretted having voted for the corn-law of 1842 That law was one which the Hon. Gentlemen themselves es tablished. lie knew that he (Lord John Russell), and many others on his side of the 'dense, voted against the second reed ing of that Bill, but it was carried by a great majority, con sisting chiefly of the representatives of agricultural counties.— ( Hear. ) Then those Hon. Gentlemen say they would not have voted for it. if they had known of the tariff or the Canada Corn Bill. With regard to the tariff he could not think that anything which had happened, or anything that was likely to happen, couldbe at all injurious to good graziers, if they had also a great importation of foreign grain, and could command the right means of competing in the markets of the country with any growers of foreign cattle whatever. With regard to the Canada Corn Bill, to that he also objected, but on very different grounds. He considered it to be the establishment of a corn law in Canada, an exten.ion of a kind of protection to the agricultural interest of Canada, which it might be hereafter very troublesome to alter. The Hon. Member for Taunton (Mr. Labouchere) founding his objections to the Bill on these views, brought forward a nation which would entirely have s topped the progress of the Bill. Was his Hon. Friend sup ported by the agricultural interest in that House? By no means.—( Hear, hear.) The Hon. Gentlemen opposite gave such support to the Government that it was enabled to carry the liiil.—(Hear, hear.) When they went farther than the second reading, he (Lord J. Russell) was not prepared to carry on that opposition. But it was evidently within the power of thes e who represented the agricultural interest to have put a total stop to the Bill, and for any impor tation that had taken place under it, let them not throw all the blame on the Government. They had themselves assisted the Government, and they were assisted every day—( Hear, hear) —in carrying riot this same policy of giving greater freedom to trade aed taking away rethictions. They should tell the farmer, then, it was a good and sound policy they were pur suing, and that they intended to stand by it fairly and honestly; then they eouldl not be in that House, fellowing in the wake of the Minister, and then going down to the agri cultural meetings to attack him for hie free-trade principles.— Such was h's opinion of the general conduct they ought to pursue ; but he would now preceed to the particular motion before the House That motisn declared that in any remission of duties, the agricultural in'erest ought to be consulted. He thought the Right Llon. Secretary of State had answered the latter part of the speech of the Hon. Member for Somerset, with regard to the particulars he had stated. Take as a-i in stance, the poor-rates, and the tithe commutation. The poor rates were one million less at present than they were before the new poor-law passed; and with respect to tithes, the agricul turists stood in a much better position now, than formerly, in asmuch as they could improve their cultivation and increase their produce without paying a single sixpence more to the tithe-owner. The agriculturists had been great gainers by the difference in their position from what it was some years ago.—( Hear. ) He shou'd not enter lett) the question of the expense. of prosecutions ; if they esta blished a different system altogether, and if the Secretary of State shouid ever choose to appoint a public prosecutor, then different arrangements might be made with respect to the expense of prosecutions ; but at present the subject was quite beside the question before them. His answer to the Hon. Gentleman, when he asked for consideration for the agricultural interest iu these remissions of duties was this— that the agriculturists ought to place themselves on an equality with the rest of the community, and say there should be ne more duties on the produce of agriculture than on any other raw material of commerce. The food of the people was in fact the raw material on which the greater part of the people were maintained. Let them come forward, and say, on 'his raw material, the least possible aracunt of duty should be levied, and then, when they were on the same tooting as the rest of the community, when they were no longer reckoned among the favoured interest, they might ask to have their peculiar burdens considered, and if they were proved to have injurious consequences on agriculture, and to prevent the employment of the number of labourers who would otherwise be employed, anything that could in justice and equity be demanded, would be conceded by the greatest free trader and most determined abolitionist of the corn laws oho sat on that side of the House, as readily as by Hon. Gentle men who held property in land. But they could not expect this view of their case to be taken while the odious impression caused by the corn-laws hung over the country. The majority of the House of Com mons, and the whole of the House of Peers, was composed of persons connected with land ; and the protection given to that interest was believed by the people to he at the expense of the rest of the community. What an injurious pos:tion this placed the landed interest in with the country. The Hon. Gentle man who brought forward the present motion alleged there had been a decline in the price of meat of 6d. or 7d. per stone, and he complained that it had become cheaper since the tariff of 1842. He complained also that corn had fallen in price, and he asserted that these were evils which required interposition. After all, when they followed this out, it amounted to this. The Hon. Gentleman complained, and alleged it as a grievance, that a poor man, in purchasing 2 lbs. of mat for the Sunday dinner of himself and wife and family, could save about 2d. in the price of it.—( Hear, hear.) If he bought bread, he might also save 4d. or bd. in the bread of his fancily for the week. Let them consider how injurious it was to them to come for ward with these facts, and allege them as an evil and a grievance. If they had everything reduced to a fair state, if they could say they had no special protection, and that in conse quence of the flourishing state of the manufactures there was a greater demand for agricultural produce, causing an in creased pr:ce, then they might fairly rejoice in the fact of that increase of price. But when they said their law was not suf ficiently stringent, that it did not prevent the people from pay ing 6d. less for bread or meat than they might be made to pay by the law—this was a complaint that must tend to place the landed interest, and the great landed aristocracy of the country in an odious position.—( Cheers.) He, as much as any man, had a right to respect that landed interest.—( Hear, hear, from Colonel Sibthorpe. ) The cheer of the Hon. and Gallant Member induced him to make an allusion which otherwise he should not have done. He had been connected with persons who took a great interest in the progress of agriculture ; his uncle anti father had done as much as any men towards the pro g ress of agriculture ; they had done all they could to bring the farmers of the country together and make them conversant with improvements. •—( Cheers.) He was, therefore, the last men to wish for any unnatural or unfair depressiou of the agricultural interest. But if they really wished to promote the good of -agriculture, if they wi s h e d the landed interest to hold that high title to the respect and rank they had won for themselves in former days, and ought to preserve in the pre sent, they ought not to agree to motions like this; but they should seek to establish some fair and equal arrangement be tween all parties, and to let all Englishmen see that if the landed interest was the most powerful, it was also the mast generous, portion of the community. Mr. B. ESCOI T rose amidst loud cries of " Order," and " Mr. D'lsraeli," oho had stood up at the same moment, but gave way to the former Hon. Member, who commenced by say i ng lh ah t e h h a o v p in e g d a h lrea ew dT iu g id iv n er o t : a h y ., to he o a n t e d, H r o a n r . ti ll c l u e l m ar b ly er u th h a e t even in, to vote against the motion of the lion. Member op posite, although he happened to be one of his constituents who would give him his most t ecided opposition on this question.— ( Hear and a laugh.) The Noble Lord the Member for London had gone rather minutely into the details of this question, and into the many grievances which it was contended' pressed upon agriculture ; but surely they were not now discussing that question —they were not now debating the nature and the corn-laws—(,year)—and therefore he re gwr°ertktendg of the that the Hon. Member had deemed it right to bring forward his motion. thereby interrudting, for so small an object es it professed to attain, the very important business of th e country now trader discu-sion.—d Hear. ) flow. ever, he thanked the Noble Lord the Member for Londe' for having en tered at such length upon this question , for i t was te very same as one which he intended to have brought forward la.t. session.—( Hear, hear.) But now he would ask what was it that they proposed as a mode of relief? It was this, that the county rates should be re moved. But who was it that imposed these county rates? Were they net the Hon. Member for Sounersetshire, and others whom he now saw around him.—( Hear, hear.) And was it not the sense who had the power to remove them?—( Hear.) It had been said that this question had now merged into a cen. test between two great bodies in this country, namely, the Anti-Corn-law League and the Protection Society. Now, although there had been occasional skirmishes between bath these parties, he had never said a word against either, and never would, so long as he did not feel himself compelled to join either —( Hear, and a lo.ueld)—but with the exception of those skirmishes, he did believe that the Anti-Corn-law League would affect trade as little as would the Protection Society agricultural distress —(Laughter.) Now, he would ask, was not the real cause of the dissatisfaction of the farmers of this country the conduct of their representatives in that House—( Hear, hear)—and if he concurred in this feeling amongst the farmers he had his reasons for it.—(Hear, hear.) Let it not be forgotten, that hitherto there had been two kinds of meetings held at fixed and regular periods in the country, at which the farmers had been in the habit of looking forward for the expression of the opinions of those whom they looked upon as their leaders, and being guided by their statements on subjects connected with agriculture—those meetings were the agricultural meetings and dinners.—( hear, heap.) Those assemblies were generally held during the Par liamentary recess ; and it was the habt of all -classes who lived by the cultivation of the laud , to discu i 4 at these meetings va rious measures affecting their collective or individual rights. He remembered that when first those assemblies used to take ;dace subjects of a politieal tendency were sometimes discussed at them ; and in order to prevent the danger likely to follow from such discussions, rules were then fra wed by which all topics of a political or public nature were prohibited being in troduced. In the autumn of last year he attended one or two of these assemblies. and ha there found that the effect of this rule was, that the leaders of the agricultural party adopted this cote se. There were use clly some Members of Parliament present, and they, having no doubt these same political questions uppermost in their minds, could not well suppress them altogether, se they just said as much abort them as to convince the far mers they knew nothing whatever on the subject.—( Laughter. ) And then they spoke to the farmers on agricultural subjects in such a strain as convinced these same farmers that those lion. Members knew nothing whatever on that subject.—( Great laughter.) Allusion had been made to the debate which took place last week, and much bad been said about the prin ciple and the intent of this question ; but he begged to say this, anti he would let the farmers know it. that neither the principle nor the intent of the question could have such at taeks made against them as those made by H on . M e mbers who thought they were supporting hoth.—( Hear, and laughter.) One Hon. Member made a speech in that House complaining of the agricultural distress, and supported protection elsewhere. —( A laugh.) Another wrote pamphlets and bills, and dis tributed them through the country, declaring that protection was the cause of the distress, while in that House he supported protection.—( Laughter.) Now, he conceived that if those Honourable Members were right, they would be the mea ns of compelling others to petition for the total repeal of this protection.—(Hear, hear.) Yet, in the face of all this, chat did the agricultural Members in that House do? why, they supported protection—the (Mr. E.) had speat some time House stuck to the corn-lawse arid tariff, thought these were the very things that it was said created all the distrees.— savudirehe thought he knew something about assure Hon. Members that there was much as plain dealing ; and he would like amongstt(niol;htniacrna theyg n h t d h ea c r i lek farmers, ei!do N us to know what sort of answer would they receive from lion. Members whom they had sen t to re p resent t he m , and who ha d voted in favour of protect o f front both sides of the 110:330. —( Hear, hear. ) lion. Members would find this to be the fact, that the farmers and the labourers too hut much deeper intellectual powers on this: teseoion, arel many others, then those who conceived themeelves their superiors gave them credit for—(Hear, the labourers knew well that they and the farmers could only prosper by the general pros perity of the country. — ( Hear. ) It was a fact well known to many that the lab eirers could reason fairly upon this topic, and they frequently displayed that acuteness of intellect deni d to those who lead a life of luxurious ease and indolence. He would not have supported the proposition of her Majesty's Government, or oppose the motion of his Hon. Frien ', did he not believe from the_ bottom of his heart that the budget of 1842 and the budget of 1815 were the commencement of a great series of financial expel iments—the commencement of a new s)stem of taxation—the commencement of a new system of encouragement of trade, manufactures, com merce, and agriculture—in short, the commencement f a new system for the promotion of the reward of industry, which, when finally accomplished and carried out to the end, would be for the benefit of all classes of the people—would raise the value of property, would raise the value of labour, and tend to the maintenance of English peace and English liberty, and the maintenance of that constitution under which they had been born and bred. Lord 'WORSLEY did not think the Hon. Gentleman who bad just sat down had spoken the sentiments of the farmers. The farmers had petitioned in favour of the existing protection being continued, tearing that it might be attempted to reduce it. His Noble Friend who had seconded the motion, was the mover of the address in 1842, and at that time an expectation was held out to the farmers that the corn-laws would maintain wheat at a certain price. In that expectation they bad been disappointed. It had been said that the agricultural distress was not general, that it did not exist to a great extent in the north of England. This was tree ; but the reason was, that the farmers of the north had a greater amount ] of capi'al than those of the south. The distress had not sprung up this year, but had gradually been increasing for two or three years past, and now it was showing itself in such a form as to compel the farmers to speak out. He had refused the other night to go into Committee on this subject, believing that it would delude the farmer to do so; but he saw nothing in that resolution which had been proposed by the Hon. Member for Somersetshire, calculated to delude the farmer. If lion. Gentlemen representing county con stituencies should refuse to vote for that motion, their constituencies would be grievously disappointed, for they would consider it tantamount to saying that their re presentatives did not believe that the agricultural dis tress justified the interference of the House of Commons. Mr. D'ISRAELI said that if he had sec. ceded in catching the Speaker's eye, when he in vain attempted to do so, as the Noble Lord the Member for London terminated his speech, he would have presumed to have offered some considerations to the House upon the great question respecting protection to native industry, which he would not presume to do at that hour of the night ; and, therefore, he was afraid lie must restrict himself to the principle of discussion which had been laid down by his Hon. Friend the Member for Winchester, and confine himself strictly to the motion beforethe House. Other wise, he could assure the Noble Lord, that watching as tbey all must do with great interest, the formation of the character of an individual so eminent,who had been, as he informed them, thirty years in that House, but who did not appear to arrive at a result as to what was the interest of the country, that lie ( Mr. D'lsraeli) would not presume to place his opinion, foundedon a much more recenrexperience of the House than his, yet, he would dare say, that after all, one truth was evident, per haps even for that discussion —namely, that protection was not a principle but an expedient. If an expedient, it must d pend on circumstances; it could not be settled by these quotations of extra dogmas which had been stated by the Noble Lord.— ( Hear, hear.) He could not doubt that they should all of them have ample opportunity of discussing that great question which was now the question of the age and the country.—( Hear, hear.) They should all of them, either by their speeches or votes in that House, or on the hustings, sooneror later, come to a test upon the great question, not whether you will have protection, or free-trade, for that is not the alternative, but whether you will have free imports.— ( Hear, hear.) He was ore of those who thought that there was much to be said on both sides, but he could not forget the speech of the Hon. Member for Stockport, which he was sure would not be easily forgotten—(Hear, hear)—and there fore, he would not say that much more was to be said on both sides. Yet ho could say without great presumption, and with great respect, that much more might be said on one side than was yet offered to the House.—( Laughter and loud cheers. He might presume to enter into this questi in at that hour, if, indeed, he were in the position of some of those, who were at the head of affairs, and who might at such an hour rise, and with the certainty of being heard. enter into a field so vast.—(Hear, hear.) He could not forget that before they came to a settlement of this great question they must grapple with the great point—the war of hostile tariffs —( Hear, hear.) They must ascertain bow far imports would affect the rate of wages—how far they would have an effect upon the rate of price—how far cause a disturb ance of the precious metals—how any disturbance of the pre cious metals might affect the possibility of their maintaining the standard.—( Hear. ) He did not offer those considerations in a dogmatic tone to the House, but merely to show that be fore they came to a settlement of a question which must be set tled—(Hear, hear) —there were great numbers of considera tions which must be entered into in an unimpassioned and pro. found manner.—( Hear.) Now be came to the question be fore the House—the question mentioned by the Hon. Member for Winchester, who opposed the motion with so much fervour. He would meet the lion. and Learned Gentleman on the ground he had himself chosen. They had a motion upon this subject, the terms of which must be familiar to every gentle man present, namely to take into consideration, in arranging the surplus at the disposition of the Minister, the claims of agriculture. That was not a new motion—it had been brought before the House before. The motion had been in troduced before. It was introduced when the Gentlemen who now sit on this side of the House sat on the opposite side—under identical circumstances a similar motion was proposed. Well, what had taken place order circumstances which ought to be some guide to them as to the result of the present motion ? That motion was not triumphant, although it was very nearly so, for it was supported by a powerful opposition, not undistinguished fur its power of cohesion.-e-( Laughter.) In 1836 a powerful Opposition wished to try a fall with not a feeble, but, at the same time, not a confident Government— ( Laughter)—and they selected this motion as the battle field on which the power of parties was to be tested. That motion was proposed by a Noble Friend of his, now a Member of the other House of Parliament, but who waa then Member for Buckinghamshire ; and though it was a discussion of not any great length, it was distinguished by an interesting and able speech from the Hon. Member for Dumfries. There was a division—a division which did not shake the Government to its enema but which at least msde it tremble.—(Laughter.) There was, in 1836, a majority of above thirty in favour of the administration on a vital question—a question of confidence. The motion was identical in its phraseology—so identical, that he should have thought the Hon. Member for Somerset, feeling that he had some necessity of having re course to successful tactics—( Laughter )—had referred to au. thority on this occasion, and determined to bring forward a mo tion which came recommended not only by numbers, but by distinguished names.—( Hear, hear.) Looking to those lists embalmed in those records to which they tall repaired — (Laughter)—he then read the names of those who voted with: his Noble Friend, and judging from that, he thought that the. Hon. Member for Somerset must have not only equal success but greater success on this occasion, for this was a Conservative House of Commons, and that was a Whig one.—(Loud cheers and laughter.) Now he would tell the Hon. Member for Somerset, on whom he might rely for support. There was the Right Hon. Gentleman the Secretary for Ireland, who voted for an identical motion under similar circumstances.—( Hear, hear.) Ho knew that Right Hon. Gentleman too well to doubt that he would not vote the same way to-night.—( Hear, hear, and much laughter.) There was then a surplus, and the agricultural interest came forward, and said, " Are we not to be considered ?" The Right Hon. Gentleman said they ought to be considered, and he was not surprised at it—( Hear, hear, and laughter)—for the Right Hon. Gentleman was always a friend to agriculture. He remembered having had the honour of meeting the Right Hon. Gentleman in presence of his constituents, and he could not forget the occurrence, for the Noble Lord presided with whom he had voted in 1836.—( Hear, hear.) He remembered the speech the Right Hon. Gentleman made under those cir cumstances. They were dreary moments—(Laughter)—for they were then in a position when there was no chance for power unless they were carried forward by the agricultural cry.—(Loud cheers.) He knew the constituency of Bucking ham, and he knew that they were so satisfied with tkcir accomplished representative—(Laughter) —that if they were content with his sympathy in opposition, they would be sure that in the Government they would have a friend on whom they could rely.—(Laughter and cheers.) Could the electors of Buckingham for a moment suppose that the Right Hon. Gentleman, who in 1833 voted for a sample resolu tion, and later than 1836 voted for a motion similar to the present—that the Right Honourable Gentleman would vote against a motion similar to the one lie supported in 1836? Of course they could not, and of course he would not (Laughter and cheers.) The Noble person who presided over the dinner could not imagine any such thing, for when he found that the policy of the Cabinet was opposed to the prin. ciples which be held, he quitted it at once.—( Hear, hear, and laughter.) They might therefore count upon the support of the Right Hon. Gentleman the Secre tar y for Ireland. He didnot think they could despair of the Hon. President of the Board of Trade.—(Laughter, and cries of " hear, hear.") lie supported a motion of the kind under similar circum stances. —( Renewed cries of " Hear, hear," and laughter,) There was an odd rumour lstely about certain opinions which the electors of Stamford held, and the mode in which they gave vent to them.—( Great laughter.) The Right Hon. Gentleman the Vice-President of the Board of Trade was now Member for Stamford, and must, he had no doubt, in accordince with the views he entertained in 1836, consider that in a surplus budget agriculture had a right to be con sidered.—( Hear, hear, and renewed laugh•er.) lie had no doubt, he repeated, but the Vice-President of the Board of Trade would vote now as he voted then.—(Loud cries of " hear, hear," and great cheering from the Opposition.) He thought the Nobles Lord was a Member of the Cabinet. He meant the Member for South Nottinghamshire. He 'would not forget the course he then took, and now vote as he had voted before.—(Cries of " Hear, hear," cheers, and laughter.) If he considered then the claims of the agricultural interest, as a member of the Government lie would not fail to remember that interest.—( Hear, hear.) Might he go further? He believed some of the Lords of the Treasury—( Hear, hear) —amongst others the Clerk of the Board of Ordnance (who took so much interest in agriculture that it prevented him So from forgetting him) voted for the moti o n. — ( Hear, hear.) you see how many votes (said the Hon. Member, facetiously) my Hon. Friend the Member for Somersetshire can count upon, although he seemed to forget them when he made his speech. —(Hear. hear, from the Opposition b'nches.) No doubt all the constituencies from Buckingham and Chippenham would be doubly grateful for being so well m isrepresented.—( Great laughter, and cries of " Hear, hear," from the Opposition.) The Right Hon. Gentleman at the head of the Government gave on the occasion referred to, a contrary opinion.—( Hear, hear.) He would be very sorry to make a statement in any way erroneous, and, therefore, he would distinctly state that the Right Hon. Gentleman on that occasion acted in a diffsrent manner from most of those who sat on the same side of the House with him. No, the Right lion. Gentleman did not vote for that motion—he went into the Whig-lobby alone— left his party, and voted against the motion. The Right Hon. Gentleman behaved throughout in the most handsome manner. (11 ]arc of laughter.) He expressed his annoyance, however, at the indiscreet conduct of his party against tke Minister of the day.—( Hear, hear, and cheers from the Opposition.) He did not rise in his place and read them a lecture—(llear, hear)—and he did not say, although they had gone into a different lobby from their leaders, " You are in opinion rebellious.' —(Loud cries of " Hear," and great cheering from the Opposition.) The Right Ho nourable Gentleman having preserved his consistency still kept on the very best terms with his party.—( Great laughter.) That was the state of the case and the House must recollect it. -( Hear, hear.) Ile had no doubt that the Right Honourable Baronet, following the precedent he had then set, would give the same latitude to his supporters as he did then.—(lronical cries of " Hear, hear.") He might quote'Hansard in support of what he had stated, but the facts must be fresh in the recol lection of every body. This was " sticking to the question," as his Hon. Friend said.—( Hear, hear, and great laughter.) Did his Hon. Friends around him view the conduct of the Right tion. Gentleman in the same liglit as he did ? Well, if they did, and if their conetituencics were satiated, they should not grumble—theic conduct was suite un justifiable. —(Laughter and cries of " Hear.") The Right Hon. Baronet had done snore for agriculture than any Minister of this c ountry had done for a quarter of a century before. That was his (Mr. ti'lsraell's) selemn opinion, and though he seinetimes came into lognien tary collision with the Treasury bench, he felt burnt to make this statement. If, was prepared to maintain that opinion.— the manufacturer, but proved a considerable relief to the landed interest and ths2c7r.tuannitte. The results had shown that these otherittint,s had b-en mode rashly, and he had the pleasu - e to state that rt that ecry murnent, the ffect of the r-Lsraission of the duty en bosh r /vas mad,- ho miac to him by a re tore which had been vlac: d In his hamd wdSio the last few days, and wh'cli re turn win based sy. on Cu., ri:v of ass :ofluential parts re- Liv,rrf effe , 2l of the tt-rttisston hot hero I•ltt,i;iotl at t e ftrice of American timber, tar II", the year 1. , 41 tha3 in the year 1842. In 1841 the uric:- was fild. a foot ; but in 1:312 the price was 41id ; •and it meust be remembered that no portion a the community was more ber.efited than the landed interest. In a former jettion of his add; est, it would be remembered that he had staled that hi, Ilireht lion. Friend made remissions to tha ertt ,, nt of 1,1:1h,600/.. of which 14 ,010/. was the proportion of the dutios imposed on coffee ; and upon Sti other articles, the aggre2ate of whwe duties amounted to 278.000/., there was a like res thision. In 1:41 nti further rertsissido of the 03.cise cc ctis ltnns htitlea wine made; bUt in 1 , 44, his. 'ion. Friend prtipostd a remission of the duty on wool. amounting to 100,00 W. ; on irrants, 91,000/. ; and on coffee. 8•2,til 1. The remissi , n of the duty no iv •ol proved a source i f gre:. t pecuniary benefit to the landed in crest of the country. He was supported in this ojnion by the fact, that foar months after the re tni,sion was made, the price of British wool was considerably increased. while before it was continually declining in value. The effect of the measures proposed by the Right Honourable Baronet in 1842 and 1844, taking them in conjunction with the proposition which had lately been br tight forward, would greatly contribute to the prosperity of the landed intere t of England 1 indeed ; touch more to titan the removal of that lockl taltation of which the Hon. Member for FOrnerset corn- plained. Then, again, the Government proposition relating to sugar would have the effect of remitting taxation no less in amount than 3,600,000/. ; hut they fully anticipated that this decrease in the revenue would be fully made up by the increased consumption of that commodity. And all these reductions would reduce the expenses of the farmer and the landed pro prietor to a great extent. They proposed, also, to reduce the duty on cotton 2,200,0001., and on other materials, which Isere articles of general consumption, 600, 0001., makine in the ole the removal of indirect taxation amounting to 2,431,000/. In 1834 there were remissions upon stage coaches, vinegar, glirs, and ether articles, affecting the agricultural classes in common with the rest of the community, amountine to 640.000/. and taking these together with the remissions proposed by his Right Hon. Friend, they amounted to 6 324,00(1 ( Hear, hear.) In these reduciione, the agriculturists had participated with the rest of the commenity--( Hear, hear)—and with all this remission, there was still a considerable, and an augment. ins surplus of revenue above expenditure—in the advantages of which surplus the agrieunural interest would share with every other. ( Hear, hear.) His Hon. Friend the Member for Somerset a-keel if the landed inteiest was not to have some small partici! atiim in the benefit ce the reduction of .axation? Nor., he (Sir J. Graham) thought that if his Hon. Friend would look at the manner in which the income tax was contributed, he would see that the commercial and other classes contributed in their proportion as much as the agricultue ist.—( hear, hear.) But his Hon. Friend contended that whi!st the manufacturing and commie, cial classes had been prosperous, the aericulturists were still in distress.— ( Hear, hear, from the agricultural benches.) Now, in the commencement of his speech the lion. Gentleman said, that the distress was genet al; but towards the close, he made the admission that it was not so. Mr. MILES—No, nn; I did not. Sir J. GRAHAM—Very well; the Hon. Gentleman would still say that the distress was gene=ral in the United Kingdom. —(" Hear, hear," from Mr. Miles. ) Very well; let them look to Ireland. Now, he ens prepared to show that, in Ire land, the agriculturists had been more than usually prosperous. since the tariff came into operation.—( Hear, hear.) In Scot land, again—and he could speak even more positively as to that portion of the United Kingdom— agricelture had been prospe rous, and in no recent years had rent been paid so punctually as in the last year.—( Cheers. ) His lion. Friend had, in his speech, laid the foundation of a much larger motion ; and he (Sir J. Graham) roust say, that if the arguments of his Hon. Friend were worthy of the attention of the House, the ques tion would n tt be whether some remission of two or three hunched thousands should be granted, but whether the cern latv. as it stood at present, should not be repealed, and the tariff undergo a considerable modification, as far as re garded the importation of settle.—( Hear, hear.) His Hon. Friend had gene into siatistical details, to show that the importation of fercign corn in the last three years had been very great. But it was to be remembered that, in teco out of the last three years, the production had been decidedly insuffi cient.—( Hear, hear.) n hat, then, would have been the c dition of the people if foreign corn had not found its way into the coontry in those years?—(Hear, hear.) His Hon. Friend forgot that the population of the country increased to the amount of more than 160,000 per annum, or at the rate of more than 1,000 every fort y- eight hours in the year.—( Hear, hear.) What, then, would have been the condition of the country, if it had not. been for the importation of foreign corn ? --(Chee rs. ) There would probably have occurred a convul sion fatal to the landed inters t, in common with every other. —( Cheers.) His Hon. Friend went at last to the subject of barley. Now, he ah old endeavour to illustrate the question of the present corn-law by this very case of barley.—( Hear, hear.) In the last year. the importation of barley had been 1,00 ,000 quarters; and this not suddenly, nor at a titre of scarcity, but only to meet a regular demand, week by week, with a regular and equal return to the revenue..--( Hear, hear.) Mr. ailLES—How much in the year? Sir J. GRAHAM had heard somebody ask, how much ? He answered, 1,2e0.000 quarters.—(Hear, hear.) The returns for the last ten years—( which the Right Hon. Baronet read in detail, but in so low, hurried, and indistinct a tone, that it was impossible to follow him clearly in these, more than in the greater part of his numerical statements)—showed that, in 1844, when the importation of barley was the greatest, the price of home-grown barley was the highest, except for two years.— ( Hear, hear.) This proved to him irresistibly the effect of an increased supply producing an increased demand, by whish the agricultural interest hail been materially benefited, instead of injured.—(Cheers. ) His Hon. Friend complained also of the importation of Canadian corn, %elicit he (Sir J. Graham) re garded as a most useful subsidiary to the corn-law of 1842. ( Hear, hear, and a laugh from the agricultural benches.) The corn of Canada was prepared to be transmitted to this country, as soon as the ice broke tut, so as to arrive early in June, and to prevent the ruinous effect which a sudden rise, and the consequent influx 01 foreign corn at a later period would have upon the producers of the ensuing harvest.—( Hear, hear.) In that way, the importation of Canadian corn averted the danger which he (Sir J. Graham) fairly admitted the sliding scale was liable to.— ( Cheers.) His Hon. Friend had further contended that the agricnlturists were entitled to com pensation for the injury they had sustained by the importation of foreign cattle, dead and alive. This was a matter of figures, and, in dealing with it, he should follow his Right Honourable Friend the late Chencellor of the Exchequer, whom he was sorry to see on the opposite side of the House.—(Cheers and a laugh.) [The Right. lion. Baronet then read extracts to show that the importation of foreign cattle, since the tariff, had been so insignificant as in no degree to affect the market; but his figures were not heard in the gallery, even in respect to one year or one item.] •Now, he would tell his Honourable Friend what had a direct and immediate tendency to lower the price of home-bred cattle. It was not the importation of foreign cattle—in thousands or in tens of thousands—it was the lowering of wages in the manufacturing districts.—(Great cheering. ) In the part of the country where he resided, and which was altogether an agricultural district, they looked not to the quantity of foreign corn or cattle imported, but to the state of employment in the manu facturing districts.—( Cheers.) Their present dread was, not lest there should be an increase of foreign importation, hut that there should be a relapse in the manufacturing districts— ( Cheers)-- because dime could be no depression of one class of the community without the suffering of every other.— (Cheers.) He (Sir James Graham) must say, as a landed proprietor, that so small a demand on the part of the agricul turists never was made as that now put forward by his Honourable Friend.—(Cheers and laughter.) His Honour able Friend had dwelt upon the poor-rate and the county rates as peculiar burdens of the land. He did not agree with his lion. Friend, but he would not now go Into the question in detail. lie would confine himself to denying that the present administration of the pour-law was injurious to the labourers as to the rate-payers. The facts were, that from lell3 to the present year, whilst the population bad increased one-third, the number of paupers had decreased one-third; and the rates lied decreased from 16e. per head to Ss. 3d.— ( Hear, hear.) The total of the rates had diminished from 7,764,000/. to 6,848,000/., or ahout 1,000,0001.—(Hear, hear.) His -Hon. Friend had made little of the benefit to ensue from the abuliticn of the cotton duties. Let them look to the circumstances of those who depended or, that manufacture. The deatitutien of ilie hand-loom weavers was extensive in the extreme ; but the interests of the manufacturers and the agri culturists were sn extremely interwoven, that the one could not we ll exit w ithout sae other. It was true that the handloom weavers had thei: looms and their dwellings, and that their wives arid their children worked for fifteen or sixteen hours a day for the sake of earning 6s. a week ; but where was their aid to come from ? why it must be drawn from the laud. The Hon. Member then proceeded to speak of the rural police; but what was the tact with respect to them? Why the Nobles Lord opposite did not eake it compulsory upon any county, but heleft those to adopt it that chose. He admittedevith his Hon. Friend, that the tithe commutation operated in some instances heavily upon theland ; but. the truth was, that the tithe-owner was origi nally a co- parcener with the soil, and the Tithe Commutation Act had greatly assisted the landowner by cutting off the co-parcener from the soil lie (Sir J. Graham) thought he had now gorse through the various points by which the Hon. Member had endeavoured to make out the claims of the landowners. He would now advert to the remedies he had proposed. The first was a general Inclosure Act; the second was with regard to drainage. Now both these subjects had been under the in vestigation of the Government, and he believed he did not speak too confidently when he said that his Noble Friend at the head of the Woods and Forests would be enabled to lay on the table of the House, during the present session, measures on both those subjects.—( Hear, hear.) Another point taken by his lion. Friend was the allowing of malting for the purpose of feeding cattle, and that point his Right lion. Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer was by no means averse to con sider.—( Hear, hear.) He now came to the next proposition of the Hon. Member for Sontersetshire, which was that the whole costs of prosecutions at assizes should be transferred from the county rate to the public fund. A Committee of that House had set in 1834 on the subject, and very wisely, he thought, an rmendment had been made by the Government to such a proposal. It was said if such a proposition was carried that then counties would have no interest in preventing crime ; the result was that the burden was agreed to he borne, half by the county and half by the public He thought it would not be prudent to disturb the present arrangement, and place the whole burden on the public purse. The Hon. lleneber for So rn. ersetshire then proposed that the Executive Government s'iould interfere in the management of gaols. He did not see the necessity of investing the government of gaols in the hands of the Executive and taking it from the counties. The Corn- mit tee of 1834 first proposed that district unions should be formed and that they would have the management of highways. Now he (Sir J. Graham) thole-slit that such an arrangement might be carried into effect with some benefit ; that the rel•ef of the poor and the management of highways might be worked well toe,ether.—( Hear, hear.) As to the next proposition of the lion. Member, natnely, that of statute labour, he believed that it hod be, n carried i to effect. Most of the recommendations of the Committee were important ; but he was afraid they had been but slightly attended to. The Right Hon. Baronet then read several of the recernmendat ions of the Committee, and also do cuments, to show that they had most of them met with the sanction of Parliament, hut that a carelessness bad been shown in carrying them into effect. With respect to coroners, he ( sir J. Graham) thought the throwing of half the expenses of that officer En the public funds would be unrea soneble ; because it should he remembered that the rate payers elected the coroner, and they, therefore cesild not com plain at the payment of his expenses. He was ashamed to have occupied the Hose so long ; he admitted that to him this was no nee proposition—it - was an old friend of his.— ( Laughter.) the had the hottotlr of being a Member of Lord Grey's Government, and he then resisted it ; and again, in We',4 and in le3o he'-ad adopted the same course. In short, setiether in the Gover-on-ait or in the Opoo,ition he bad .«,i c !l f,,l",ov‘ed th, 'one of (•oildnet, he had t not changed I , ;s opit:ions now, aid he felt en hesitation in voting, therefore, against the proposition of the Hon. Member for Somerset shire, and fret the met 0:0 that the F.peaker de new leave the chair. Mr. NEWDIGIATE supported the proposition of the Hon. \letril,A: for Sonn.mt,hire. He thought th e Ri g ht Hon. ' Baronet had entirely thrown out many of the principles laid (le en by Isis Hon. Friend. lie rejoiced at the prosperity of the manufacturing Interests, but he could cot shut his eye; to the declining state of agrieitlture. Re thought if the speech (Hear, hear.) On the meeting of Parliament the Right Hon. ' for British agriculture, not less than that which Gentleman reconstructed his Cabinet, and left out the Minister existed at its formation.' This Commit tee, therefore, ar m recant endears'lia u t o t a m . of Trade.—( Hear, hear.) There was a great comalaiet to the mends that provincial Protection Societies urge, b y de p utation farmers of this country !—( Laughter, and Hear, bear.) or otherwise ; their local representatives use their st in I e es t n t es sup- The agricultural Members went to the Right Hon. Baronet p ort Mr. Miles's metio", a complaining of the coming tariff—murmuring against the list these free-trade measures." That appeal, therefore, was Canada Corn Bill, but now they must be perfectly reconciled. clearly made, not for the purpose of gaining a tonal! remission Now the agriculturist must feel perfectly secure.--( Hear, of local taxation to the amount of 2a0,000/. to the agricultural hear, and laughter.) Well, now it was a decided demonstra- interest, but it was made expressly fur the purpose of reeistino, tion.—( Great laughter.) But it would not do well to com_ the further progress of those measures which it was the inten pare the conduct of the Right Hon. Baronet when in op- tic's of her Majesty's Government to introduce, and to position and when in power. It was the old story— th e y mus t imply censure and condemnation on their financial policy, not contrast too much the hour of courtship with the moment Whatever, therefore, was the ground for supporting this motion, of possession. —(Great cheering and laughter from both sides it was clearly out of his power to acquisesee in in—( Hear, hear.) of the (louse.) There was a strangeness is the conduct o f The Ilouse consented, by a large majority, to the continuance the Right Hon. Gentleman. The Right Hon. Gentlem a n's of a tax of 5,200,000/. on the income awl property of the coun protection speech was the best which could be heard any where, try. The ceetinuance of that tax would nut have been em it was a great thing to see the Right Hon. Baronet rise, and aented to by the House and the public, it it had not been aceorne hear him talk about the leaders of the gentlemen of England puttied by a declaration of Government in respect to its fitian being in possession of the confidence of the Sovereign.— cull policy.—( Hear, hear.) He conceived, therefore, that if (G re at l a ughter and cheers.) They did not now hear much he were to acquiesce in this proposal—foreseeing that it would o f th e s. Gentlemen of England."—(Hesr. hear, rene.ved lead to an abandonment of the policy previously declared—be cheering and laughter.) What of that ? they had the should be guilty of gross bad faith. —( Hear.) It was quite clear pleasures of memory—(Hear, hear, and great laugher)—the that if he abandoned 400,0001. of revenue, he could not follow charms of reminiscence—they were his first love, and though out the principles which he laid down in proposing the income-tax he may not kneel to them now, as in the hour of passion, without a deficit to that amount.—( Hear, hear.) The motion to vent. L ( e H t ear the , hear.)House look He e w t 0 0 : e H still they would recal the past, and nothing i n his mind was was, therefore, to be regarded as a vote of censure upon the more unwise and unseemly , han a tone of recri mination and financial Government policy of he had Government.—(Hear, m adopted.rn e reproach.—( Great laughter and cheering.) What was the not say that he at all regretted the course of p olic y which the use of it ? In all cases, he believed, when the ob j ect had present ceased to charm, it was; in vain to appeal to the feelings.— condition of the country when he came into office.—( Hear. ) (Loud and prolonged cheering.) The Right Hon. Baronet, He well recollected the statements which were made as to the like any gallant, endeavoured to sooth, and pacify, and keep distressed condition of the manufacturers.—( Hear, hear.) He things quiet, but it was useless. The Right Honourable Baronet well remembered the complaints as to the state of commerce • maintained a tone of arrogant silence and haughty frigidity and, above all, as to the condition of the labourers in the mans e towards the advances of the county Members, and if they knew factoring districts.—(Hecr.) He remembered hearing fr anything of human nature, they would take the hint, but they the Hon. Member for Sheffield, that, in that town, theie went on—be advised them to halt, but they would still go on.— were 3,000 houses uninhabited. He well remembered the (Laughter.) The Right Hon. Gentleman would not say one touching accounts which were given of the condition of the e e r s e h d of the animals state m dead n ad t word the more for it, but he did say he_ would have no whin - labouring classes, who were represented as struggling to main ing there.—tlmntente laughter and cheers.) Now , if that tain an di unwholesomedisease.—(Hear, ; e ( Hear, subsistence H u e po te n m t e h i e n b fl were not the case of the great agricultural interest, why should from it be treated differently from any ether beauty, although she from Paisley, that in that town, in 1841, twelve thousand-per was a deluded one.—(Great laughter and cheers.) They bad sons—and at one ti re seventeen thousand persons who rose been convinced at the catastrophe. Protection was now in in the morning without knowing how to obtain subsistence the same condition as Protestantism in /82••'•—( Hear, hear, and for the day, except from voluntary and casual, charity.--( Hear, great laughter.) For his part, if they were to have free hear.) In assuming office he did not think that he was put in trade, he would sooner, with Honourable Gentle- to support the partial interest of any class—( Cheers)—but h e men opposite. support that question s ,. when emanating considered that it was the dut y of the Government to take a from the honesty and genius of :the Honourable Member comprehensive view of the interest of all classes—(Cheers)-- for Stockport, then when proposed by any one, however and he had now proved that it was the interest of all— versed anti skilful in Parliamentary maeeauvring, who had and especially of the agricultural class—that manufactures tampered with the generous confidence of a great people and a and commerce should be re-animated and revived.—( Cheers. ) great party.—( Hear, hear, and great cheering.) For him- It. was easy to talk of the affect which the importation of 300 self he could not say what might be the result. (The Hon. , r 400 swine might have upon the agriculturist. But lei the Gentleman 'concluded with these words)—Dissolve the Par; House look to what had been the effect of the measures of the liament if you like, and appeal to the people, who, I believe, Government upon the condition of the manufacturers.—(Heat s - mistrust you. For me, at least, I take this opportunity of ex- hear.) They were now told that the impreivement was only that, pressing my opinion thus publicly, that I believe a Conserve- effect of the season, or that the remission of five millions of five Government is an organised hyprocrisy.—(Loud and pre- taxes had had nothing to do with the revival of industry. BIM longed cheers, which lasted for several minutes.) the y would recollect when the y were told that confidence i n Mr. DAIIBY , said that he did not think the Government better seasons would be wholly useless—that there was no hope would feel that this attack was of such severe consequence as for the revival of manufactures and commerce—tbat ell was the Honourable Gentleman who had just sat down delusion—if they did not take the food of other countries ili seemed to think. The Honourable Gentleman seemed exchange for the manufactures of this.—( Hear.) The improve , year.een given (, rt, c out ni from ght H o t n h . e B m a a r n o u n f e a t c t t i n e ri n manufacturing a d d i l a - conceive that the Government which he had formerly supported went. however, had taken place. He would now read some of the but which he now opposed , were bound to carry out all the circulars inthe whichpr esets e s had been b suppositions which he conceived to be necessary to the welfare trios of the particular interest which he espoused.—( Hear, and circular dated January 1, 18.5, from a manufacturing , h ouse laughter.) The lion. Gentleman seemed to have coalesced in the north, setting forth the great improvement which had n ot on ly with the Whigs but with the Radicals themselves. taken plat ein manufactures and commerce in consequence o f The Hon. Gentleman had accused his present opponents with the relief of the burt.hens a industry and the opening of new having caught the Whigs bathing, and of having taken their markets.) Sach was the account et the commencement of clothes, but he (Mr. D'lsraeli) fancied that not only had the the present year.—( Hear, hear.) lot ' them contrast that Right Hon. Baronet caught the Whig , bathing , but that he with the statements made as to the condition of commerce and also desired to trade in their old clothes.—(Expressions of agriculture in the year 1542.—( Hear, hew-.) Now let them, dissent.) Well, if lie (Mr. Darby) were attacked, he observe the bearing this had upon agriculture; and it was a felt that he Cad a right to defend himself. The 110- remarkable circumstance as showing the increased prosperity nourable Gentleman seemed to be an advocate for of the country. In 1844 the quantity of wheat used in this a free trade in corn. It was undoubtedly the ease, that when country was 2,128,000 quarters, being no less than 247,000 guar the present Ministry came into office they found the agricultu- tees more than in the preceding year, 1843, and the wholeof that cal interest in a difficult position. This was the effect of the consumption was of wheat the produce of this country. cleverness of the Noble Lord the Member for the City of The importation of Foreign wheat in the latter year was ( e i n 7,t i tho4o consumpt ion cuarters so London in financial affairs. The Noble Lard had broug ht the precisely the same as that of the preceding y ear ; in s p eakin g , country into this position, and the consequence had been that.therefore, of the improved condition o f th e l a b ourer, i t must the Canadian Corn Bill had been passed. It was the No ble b at e remembered, in one that yea rt,ll to o re t washe aamis an increase .t a f s e 2i Lord who hid brought the country to this pass, and it became the bounden duty of the Government to restore the protection that it might be fairly said, that the measures of the present Go. which they had hitherto enjoyed to the agricultural class; and vernment had tended to increase manufactures and he had alreadoe he must say, that those taunts of the Noble Lord were alike given them conclusive proof that there had been a correspond. uncalled for and unnecessary. When the Canadian Corn Bill ing benefit to agriculture.—( Hear, bear.) He opposed this was passed, there was undoubtedly a supposition that the pro- motion in 1845 upon precisely the same grounds as he did in t tection that had hitherto been enjoyed should be preserved. 1836, he then thought it held out hopes d relief whicls cou ld That there was distress in the agricultural districts was un- not be carried into effect. He, at that time, differed f rom doubted, and he believed that, if the facts were made out, the those with whom he was acting, but he said then, as he said only effectual remedy for the mischief would be an alteration of now, there was no tax mainly bearing on agriculture except; the the corn-laws. But at the present moment, he must say, that malt tax, that it was in their power to relieve, and he thought ‘ if the country was labouring under distress, it was the bounden that all would agree with him that the taxes they proposed to duty of that House to remove it. He had never entertained a remove were far the best. The question of agricultural pre doubt of the justice of the measure, and when the Hon. Gen- tection would shortly be raised, and upon that occasion he tleman began to make these attacks, he (Mr. Darby) thought should be prepared to say why the corn-laws should not be abne that he ought to have good grounds for making them ; and tithed ; at the same time, he must say that he thought it was when he saw that the principle of free trade was to he advocated, for the interests of toe country that they should relae.their see he must say that he would rather see it promulgated by the strictive laws with great caution. He said this for the *dean - Hon. Member for Stockport rather than by the Hon. Gentle- tage of all classes cf the community. he believed the system of man at the head of her Majesty's Government.—( Hear, hear.) prohibition and extreme protection to he wrong ; he did ndt He Insist candidly acknewlege that be was sent into that House support the Protection of the West India interests in a cowmen with a view to support that protection which the agriculturists vial point of view, but he lo ked at the length it had existid. ' of this country had hitherto enjoyed, and he must say that, in and the obligation they were under to maintain their ecolo- • the course which be had hitherto pursued, he had nothing to . nial em p ire, added to which he believed the regret, and if the same circumstances were again to a r i se, he sudden removal of protection was an injury-(Hear)- must say that heshould act precisely in the same way again— not only to the West Indies, but to trade in general. They (Divide, divide)—and if those measures were to obviate the had been taunted on onenidelof the House with acting inju. protection which the agriculturists desired, and which their riously to the agricultural, and on-the other side with being interests needed, he should feel obliged to vote with the Hon. mere instruments of the agricultural ; arty. In spite of all Member for Somersetshire. The farmers had been called this be would say, that it was their intention to continue in upon to reduce their expenditure, but he believed that this the course they were pursuing, not yielding to one party or the was an utter impossibilit y. —(l:6lde, divide.) other. The y had attem p ted gradually to abolish prohibitory Sir CHARLES BURRELL (who rose amidst much eon- duties, and to relax extreme protection. The Hon. Gentles fusion) said that he would not detain the House one moment. man the Member for Shrewsbury had repeated an accusation He saw the state of excitement which the House evinced, and that he had made on a former occasion. He should not enter he only rose for the purpose of saying that the notice of the into any personal controversy.—( Hear, hear.) But when he Hon. Member for Somersetshire was good in itself, and well proposed the tariff in 1842, and when he was charged by Hon worthy of attention, and if it led to a modification which had ourable Members for doing so, he found that an How of late been introduced, it would be advisable not only with ourable Member got up in his place, and asserted regard to corn, but cattle.—( Divide, divide.) that the change had been made without due examination. Mr. G. SMYTHE said that he had listened with surprise He found the same Hon. GOntleman also stating, that the con if not with admiration, to the crushing reply made by the Hon. duct pursued by the Right Hoe Baronet was in exact hare and Learned Member for East Sussex to the speech of his mony, in perfect consistency, with the principles in reference Hon. Friend the Member for Shrewsbury—the speech not de. to free trade laid down by Air. Pitt; and his reason for laying livered that night, but that delivered a fortnight ago.—( Hear, down thus much, was to refute the accusations which had been hear.) He was not unjustifiable, and he trusted that some brought against the present Government ; that in order to get Hon. Gentlemen at least might believe that he rose not without into, and being in, to keep in office, they had changed their some cause to answer the speech of the Hon. and Learned policy on this question. Those sentiments were attributed to Member for East Sussex, the invective, and the philippic Mr. D'lsreeli.—(Cheere and laughter.) He held in the which he had directed against his Hon. Friend the Member for same estimation the panegyric and the attack ; but he certainly Shrewsbury. It was far from his intenion to interfere in the had been surprised, remembering the defence of the Hon. schism that appeared in the House that evening. It was far Gentleman, that the accusation which he had made nhat night from his intention to address a speech to that House in the should proceed from hitn.—( Cheers. ) spirit of the Hon. Member for Sussex, and continued in the Mr. BANKES said, as he understood that his Right Hon. same spirit in the speech also of the Hon. Member for East Friend proposed to postpone the consideration of one remission Sussex; but he would say this to the Hon. Members, that it of taxation until after Easter, he should delay until that was not by raking among preceding speeches—not by going period what he had to say in reference to the agricultural back fifteen years, that he could entertain or form any opinion of interest. his Hon. Friend.—(" Hear," from Col. Peel ) The Hon. and Captain HARRIS expressed his regret at the recriminatory Gallant Colonel, the Clerk to the Beard of Ordn ance, had done 'character which the de ate had assumed. The Right Hon. him the honour to cheer a speech of his. If the lion. and Gal- Baronet had, however, admitted that there were special burdens lent Colonel would call to his mind the vote he gave on the pressing upon agriculture, and be was now called upon to Irish Registration Bill, and supposing that question coming on make a relaxation in its favour. He hoped that those who again to-morrow, how would his vete then agree with that he were connected in that interest would combine to secure the had formerly given? Or, supposing that the Maynooth ques- object. tion were discussed, how would the Hon. and Gallant Colonel Mr. PLUMPTRE wished very briefly to state his reason vote on that question? lie would tell the Hon. and Learned for objecting to the motion of the Hon. Member for Somer.. Member for East Sussex, that this question, if it were not setshire. He t hou g ht that neither the time nor manner were solved by the great minds that the Hon. Member for Wolver- such as to call upon him for support ; and fcr that reason he hampton made so happy an allusion to—if this question were must withheld his assent. not solved by them, he (Mr. Smythe) might be permitted to Th e H ouse then divided, when the numbers were— suggest to the Honourable and Learned Gentleman, For the resolution 78 that his great parochial mind—(Loud laughter)—would Against 136 never solve the national diffisulties.—(Continued laughter.) Majority against the resolution...... Differing, as he probably would, from his Hon. Friend the CUSTONiS' DUTIES ACT. Member for Shrewsbury, on the vote he woula come to that The House then went into Committee on the Customs' evening, he could not withhold his testimony that the effect of Duties Act. When the item of " Basket rods" had been read the speech of his Hon. Friend would be more likely to he pro- otat as one of three on which the duties was prepared to be re• duetive of public good than the motion of the lien. Member mined, for East Sussex would be. His motion resulted in the bringing Mr. M. MILNES seid if the duty should be remitted on the state of the country before the House, but he (Mr. this article, great injury would be done to the growers of them Smythe) thought it would be productive of more good to bring in this country. Mr. FERRAND agreed with the Hon. Member. the state of the House before the country.—(Cheers.) Mr. P. BORTHWICK rose amid a min g led shout of Sir R. PEEL could not see why exception should be taken " Speak out," 'c Go en," and "Divide, slivide.") The Hon. to this more than to other articles of the same class which had Member made several atternets to be heard, but the cries and just been read.—The subject then dropped. shouts from all parts of the House completely drowned every Upon the item of " Bones" being read, When the Hon. Member could be listened to, he Capt. PECH ELL expressed a hope that these foreign boties sentence. said,—What was the question before the House?—(Laughter, would not b' allowed to be ground or crushed in workhouses. cheers, and cries of " Divide.") It was unseemly to see one On the item of" furniture wood" being read, section of the 1101191! liAirg against another section, but he Mr. C. BULLER said there had been lately several new protested against this question being brought before the House kinds of wood, for the manufacture of furniture, introduced into in such an unconnected manner.—(Laughter and cheers, which this country. These were not enumerated in the new tariff. interrupted the Hon. Member, and after a futile effort to ad- and he wished to know whether they would be admitted under dress a few words to the [louse, he sat down.) the general description. He referred in particular to Ceylon . Sir ROBERT PEEL said he wished in a few sentences to woods ' and several which came from New Zealand. -- state the grounds why he felt it to be his d ut y to offer his o p - Sir CEO. CLERK was understood to say that these woods position to the motion which had been made. He opposed the would not be excluded. motion because the object of it was merely to transfer a certain Mr. LITIOUCHERE sail there were many woods grown sum from the county-rate to the consolidated fund. In his in the colonies which might be used for furniture woods, which opinion they would be practising delusion upon the were now excluded by the duties impwed on them. agricultural interest—( Hear, hear )—impressing them with Mr. HUME suggested that all woods used for furniture a belief that it could in any material degree bear should be adm CLERK said this would admit all kind s of wood itted. upon their interests. His Hon. Friend stated that the total Sir GEO. amount which he believed his motion would produce was about without duty. 260,0001., to be transferred from one , fund to another. Mr. HUTI' said he would to-morrow deliver a list of New It was not an absolute remission of taxation falling Upon anti- Zealand woods to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. culturistn but merely to transfer that amount from the county- Mr. C. BULLER said this would be unjust to Ceylon. rate to the consolidated fund. Now, supposing in that way The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said it was they gave absolute relief of 260,040/. to the agriculturists, absolutely necessary to enumerate the furniture woods. they would have to bear it in another way : It Mr. HUME said they might enumerate the woods on which would only be relieving them from one species of duty was to be paid, and admit all others free. taxation to take up another. But his Honourable Friend Air. HAWES wade a similar suggestion. forgot that he confined this relief to the agriculturists of Eng- The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said, that land. Why was it not to be extended to Scotland and Ireland? if au new wood should be imported, it would be in the die- Consequently the whole would be a charge of perhaps 300,000/. cretion of the Treasury to admit it free et' duty. or 400,0001., which must be placed on the Consolidated Fund. Mr. C. BULLER said it was proposed to admit olive woods Now he had a strong impression that if placed on the Consoli- free, but not big wood. dated Fund the check on the expenditure woul d be much less After a few words, the items were agreed to. efficient than it was at present. The Government, acting Upon certain articles relating to food being proposede through its officers, probably newly appointed, who would have b he was dee Mr. EWART said that he would postpone his e _ motion rale much smaller means of exercising their vigilance than the par- five to butter and cheese, to the duty on whi ties who were appointed to superintend this charge. To ob- cidedly opposed, till the third resolution. to trench on the protective twin, therefore, relief from -England for 260,000/ • of direct Mr. MILES wi s hed the llouse to defer the consideration of taxation in the county-rate there must- be a transfer to the those articles which were calculated t. They might take WA consolidated fund, probably of nearly 400,0001., with prospect t on ls that night, and defer the interests of the British agriculturist. of a continued increase, to be placed upon that fund. ittot, who articles which were not so oppor another oil when they came to them. contributed to that fund ? The consolidated fund meant others f o r di scu s s ion. One article he should . object to would nothing more nor less than the taxation of the country, to be grease and . d would be unfit ornood and could not compete with which the agr icultural interest was liable. His Hon. Friend Sir G. CLERK said the f t the grease and lard which would be said that the taxation now placed on the county rate would be so imparts relief to the lower class of farmers and peasants. But did the\ ar.l37ille t said the Hon. Member for Somersetshire not the lower class of farmers and peasants contribute by indi- ' i l . forgotten chalk.—( Great laughter.) Grease and butter Test taxation to the consolidated fund? Consequently, it lase! a ined, because they were unfit for food: It i_c t_u_r_al Eroduce. of being unfit for would be merely commutation of taxation , and his belief was r v‘ a .e th re er a singular-eireumstance that the articles to be imported that the agricultural interest which his Hon. Friend intended to fore, should have the extraordinary quality food. He did not think that the House was called on to legis ree, benefit would derive no substantial benefit from that measure. 1 , ..5 . t e h t fo r r e f g o l o r l d. to dogs, when human beings . were held in sutra His lion. Friend, however, professed that to be his object. Ile l'g Mr. MILES—If this proposition is agreed to, I shall move (Sir Robert Peel) rather thought that his Hon. Friend would receive support from others who meant their acquiescence in the adjournment of the House. this motion to be tantamount to a cotolemna.tian of the finale .. Mr. B. m e at the lion. Member for Somerset cast proeosals made by her Majesty's Government. he found in a circular which had been issued from the 13 P e a c ole u r• the • • do it. ' • ' tion Agricultural Society, that gentlemen Ita•t twee eeressly store wishes to bring egricuitare into utter contempt, this is Mr. MILE` • taxation which they proposed was not favourable to 6.—l am not to be told how to do my duty. I invited to vote for this motion upon the ground that the re - way to mission of t e he agricultural interest, and that the motnin of his Hon. am not to be deterred by the taunts and sneers of the Hon. Friend ought to be acquiesced in, for the express purpose of effee- Member. He might know my eharacter well enough to know, .. farther progress in measures of free•trade that if lam determined on a thing I will dolt. T have thrown tually resisting the - If, therefore, tha t were the, ground upon which his Hun, out a proposition which shows me wish 4i9t to put Friend brought forwa:d his Motion, or others were inclined to any impedime it in the way of the tariff. 'es support it, still less was it in his power to acquiesce in the mo. Sir it. PEEL the wa ys prepared to press particular articles tion of his Hon. Friend. Ile had had placed in his hand the s , S i r the wishes of any Gentleman in that. House. following letter, addressed to a Member of that House, solicit. Mr. B ESCOT l' explained. ing his support to the mo ti o n of his Hon. Friend upon rather Several items having been gone through, different grounds from that which he stated it. Thi s nit er The House resumed, the Chairman reported Progreso, and was from a local Protection Society, addressed by the obtained leave to sic again on Wednesday. Supply', when %Via secretary of the society to a Member of Parliament, and Time House then want into C ommittee of S was to this effect :—'c I am directed to inform rap estimates were agreed to. . and obtained 'cafe tit you that a communication from the Central Protection So- , The CHAIRMAN reported progres. , cicty was laid before the Matiegiug Ccuurnittee yesterday, o? sit again on W°lnemi4Y* which the following is a copy :—llt is the o inion of this ' Cemmittee, that the re • sla i n ofl d p ' h' h S . mi ston the severe uttes wlc .•r House adjourned at a Qua; ter past Two ocl k The other orders of the day were then dis o p c ose . d of, and the ..............•••••=•••••••••••••••=• Robert Peel proposes to abolish in his remission of taxation , will tend materially to lessen the empinereent of agricultural Gar Los Plait FAlR.—Grcit preparations are being s labour, anti reduce the price of man) of the iminerous ton. wade at Greenwich ter the lieliday folks during the I:mbar duetions of the soil. The principle upon which agri cultural Protection is based, is to maintain protection week, notwithstanding the continual severity of the weather; . . '9" I I OS S. g t of 11 : 4 ; 811‘; use 113 µ, A 5 , - v pPlit - Üb l i:pbitr e O le 11 as u ir 45 the l er ing tio n . o f ,ht 0" hit 0 6 0, 0 0',1004 10 . 11 014 id 11v pa Fri' 41 till.' 0 so ro a 'll' o tiono DO She