The Sun. — London, England, 1850-05-07 00:00:00

-Vtitti Zlltttoror SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock, NATION AL ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRY AND CAPITAL.—(THIS DAY.) A general meeting of the delegates from all parts of the country was held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, Strand, this afternoon, the Duke of Richmond in the chair, to consider the present condition of agriculture and other interests. Upon the platform we observed Mr. Bennet, M.P., Colonel Sibthorp, M.P., Mr. Christopher, M.P., the Marquis of Downshire, Earl St an h o p e , Earl of Maluaes bury, Mr. Wortley, M.P., Sir John Trollope, M.P., Mr. Packe, M.P., Mr. Forbes Mackenzie, M.P., the Earl of Eglinton, Sir Charles Burrell, M.P., the Earl Talbot, Mr. G. F. Young, &c. &c. The room was crowded to excess in every part. The Duke cf RICHMOND, who took the chair amidst loud cheers, said he would take the liberty of addressing a few observations to the meeting, as there were perhaps few who were better aware than he was of the necessity of imposing moderate import duties. It was said they were trying a great experiment, and that they , should give sufficient time to test its applica bility to the circumstances of this country. Now he contended that the experiment had been tried, and that it had signelly failed, and if continued the result would be the ruin of landlords and tenants. They had assembled there that day to hear an account of the pre sent state of agriculture from deputies from different parts of the country. There could be no doubt that distress was !prevalent, but still he hoped, by the perseverance of the farmers, redress and justice would sooner or later be obtained. He hoped the ex pressions which would be made use of to-day would show that they were all loyal to the Crowe, and strongly attached to the constitution of the country.—(Cheers.) Mr. BOOKER then came forward to propose the first resclution:— ' " That the difficulty and intolerable distress pervading the agricultural, and other grew' interests of the country, and the state of deprivation and suffering to which large masses of the industrial population are reduced, are, in the opinion of this meeting, fraught with consequences the most disastrious toathe public -welfare, and, if not speedily remedied, must prove fatal to the maintenance of public credit, will endanger the public peace, and may even place in peril the sa' ety of the state." Every one would agree that Great Britain and Ireland, and oar dependenciea, were in a most unsatisfactory con dition, and therefore it was no wonder that discontent ahould generally prevail. He would assume three pro positions—first, that the agricultural interest] was the most important interest in the state; secondly, that it was iu a state of great and greatly increasing depreciation; and, thirdly, thanthe depression was occa sioned and aggravated by the adoption and continuance of the altered policy of the country which now pre vailed. The two first propositions would be conceded everywhere. and as to the third, he hoped they were all agreed.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) No one present would venture to deny that the disasters, troubles, and difficulties of their position were to be attributed to that vile and suicidal policy called free trade.— (Loud cheers.) It had been said that a symptom of prosperity was cheapness ef the necessaries of life and cheapness of the skill and labour of men, but how came it that with cheapness, distress now existed. Why, Mr. Huskisson, who was the great autho rity of the Free-traders said that nothing could be more delusive than to suppose that cheapness of food was always a benefit, but, on the contrary, when unaccompanied with a demand for labour, it was a sign of distrhse. Then it was said that free trade had not had a fair trial. He held in his hand a return of im pores and exports, which chewed that the home con sumptien of cotton had decreased as much as 30 per cent. Was that a proof that the promises of the Free-traders had been or were likely to he fulfilled? lied free• trade, also,;not had a fair trial in the colonies, and had not nearly every interest in those countries tes almost ruined?—(Cheers.) And what had been the efieet of free trade is Ireland? Why, the wretched coaditiernof the people in that country, and the un'ortmeate tanition of the laudlorde, showed that, so far as the Irish were concerned, free trade had had a serf - del cot trial. And what then was the means by which they sought to ameliorate the condition of the agricultural population ? A return to a system of protection—(Cheers)—and it was only by combination and by energetic and unceasing exertions teat t ley would be enabled to attain that ena. For his own part he was ready to subscribe his hundred or his thousand pounds, if necessary, in support of the cause.— The Hon. Gentleman, after delivering a tirade against the free-trade party and Sir Robert Peel, concluded by proposing the resolution. Mr. eIIOWLER, from Nottingham, in seconding the resolution, stated that the wages of labourers in his part of the country had been reduced from 12s. to 10., and in sonie instances to 95.; but this was not all, for, in cone( quence of piece work being done ,away with, the average reduction in their wages was about 4s. a week. In Leicestershire, :where there were not many labourers, the farmers had been impo verished. He, of course, expected to find perfection on the estates of Sir:Robert Peel—(Hisses and groans)— he expected to find the labourers on his Kingbury estate, close to Drayton Manor, well housed and well fed, but instead of that he 'found that steps had been tak en to depopulate the parish of the labouring popu lation.—(Loud Laughter.) He was astonished that the Times' Commissioner had not been there.--(Laughter.) But that was not the worst of the matter, for he found that on Sir Robert Peel's estates the Irish had superseded the English labourer—(Hisses) —because they worked for less wages, and put up with accommodation in outhouse:. So there was a system going on on that gentleman's estate to reduce the English labourers to the condition of the Irish labou rers. But he would go to another lion's den. He alluded to Mr. Villiers, M.P., who, it would be recollected, said that nine millions had been saved to the country by the reduction in the price of the necessities of life. Now he f and that at Wolverhampton the poor-rates amounted to litno9o/., and in 1850 they had dec rease d to 5, 000 1 ., so i t was pretty clear that the constituents of that gentle men did not obtain much advantage by that saving.— (Cheers:) The fact was that free trade measures had resulted in benefit to one class alone. Great agitation existed among the labouring population connected with the cultivation of the soil; they might prevent any die turlsance breaking out before harvest, but was it not likely that they would conbine and determinedly assert their rights.--(Cheers.) The farmers were determined to do their utmost to obtain redress; they would mount their horses for the purpose if neces sary, and if the landlords would stick to them they would stick to the landlords.—(Loud cheers.) He always regarded rent as a private bargain between in dividuate, and he would not find fault with his landlord or landlords generaly, because he thought they were the best friends of the people but he thought they left too much to the farmers in the present period of difficulty.—(Cheers.) Sir Robert Peel ((;roans) —had said that the food of the labourer otoeht not to be taxed, but he found that there were taxes on cheese, coffee, butter, and a dozen other articles of food, which realised as much as 13,000,000/.; and takieg the duty on tobacco, which was chiefly consumed by the working classes, they had had a round SUM of 18,000,0001., or one third of the revenue of the country. The duty on malt was another uy -. just imposition on the agricultural interest. He next . Alluded to the exhibition ot 1851, which he said would prove to be a failure, and would be very injurious to the country by taking money out of it; because, if foreigners brought articles of proauction from distant parts ot the world, it was not likely they would take them back again, lie did not know how Lord Stanley, who was one of the Commissioners fee that exhibition, would come out cf it unscathed, though he must confess he had great cfidence in hint.—(Ch eers. ) H e conclte?e(l by ob serving that if some alteration • ere not made iit our Serve t t e, e of it the be elfee 'v tly impossible to pre otohuenntrypu.—t ( a C nd he e o r a s ; The resolution waus accla mation. the tindifferenee with which proposed the the jitieostusceomotplee,i:naletsotke,fnit peop le beentnresedeoipvtedanbey! , he it p a e measures for removing or alleviati ng ir..Ns, and the want of sympathy wi lg h the existing die the sufferings of the p eople, have producedt exhibited to dittisel Ictling of danpeointneent, d iscontent, a widely trest, which is fast underrandrig their reliaueaund dis trust, dice and wi•doin of Parliament, *m e e t i s the On i r s e security for the loya l ty to the Throne, and th t e titouance of the inveluehle institutions of the country." Ile observed they had not fallen in consequenc e of the speixhes of Cobden , the influence of the League, or th e peel but be cause the aristocracy t re uelie.-y - of a „ ,and iindlurdS:WhO are all powerful, and had the unanimots voice of the oountry in , their favour, had sacrificed them • 'es of demago g u es and traitors, to the discordant principh tee out, t tohave done, the instead - of upholding as y (Cl—eers.) • wiry Lngla • • )e.CIII farmer, from Wilts, c`v ILLIANS, Mr. dons ALLE. eseonded the resoluti n, an d said he had been deputed to c ounty to protest against the art and on behalf of that linisters to the agricultural treatment of her Majesty's 2. i ntmteeta because it Vie presen t system of free trade "ere nut reme di e d i n evitable ruin wou ld come upon • all the- tenent-farmers and occupiers of land in the inßtitini.—(Che ere, ) Af ter alluding to the results hinewu experience as to free - trade, he urged on the fay nwra strong and united exertions with • ,e necessity of tno , view of obtainine e 1 7 - - • iloting amidst loud ree q rteedreolie Wards of eiitton— " Awake Arise,be ever fallen." The ree e o r e en r c or for 4 HA , 1 'Deere eirr•- nd, PrefeSeor lerrocra o'f E • w-s stated to dinburgh, who • „ h see wintered' the Prot Moyoziee, prroposed a tidies in Bine:wood s meeting attribute s the nest resolution-- That this reericunoral,'coltn a a n42 ll ' B ' l ° o and distress of tte reee and neliclidc change‘ e i-e.g' t a h ad other interests to the a gel .t, d the importatien f ~ere . laws which had long e'en is of opinion th e t hose laws were Productions; that jail riaciplea and dictated by the scears(ri on the most uraleretheir salutary Hien nee, the Br‘ititst policy, that, tie a 'led . un. , xsznpltd state of prospe t it 'h nation hed prI , VMITI.Lee in the scale of nations; an and a proud ,;t j: and spirit in fostering and prorectin tit their tiesery be fir site abandoned, many of the mos t native in j intereete of the state will be sacrificed, and th e im p o rtant (aloud proeeerity and greatness be ruinously impaired." Th, r,solution was seconded by Sir MATTHEW WHITE ritoeaa, Part., end passed nem core. Al LNUTT, of Wailingford, Berkshire, next pro• erd, Ott no relief from general or local taxation, e teen is consistent with the maintenance of national fiith and the effieicrlcy of public establishments, can e t ude the British and colonial prodUcer to maintain a Eucc2sEfal competition with foreign productions, and that the onNope of replacing the agricultural, and and other British interestt, in a state of prosperity rests on the re-establishment of a join system of import duties. Mr. HUGH WATSON briefly seconded the motion, which, like the last, was carried unanimously. It was then agreed, on the motion of Mr. GEORGE BODINGTON, of Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire, se conded by HENRY Iliccitss, Esq., of Herefordshire— " That a memorial to the Right Hon. the First Lord of the Treasury be prepared, founded on the foregoing re solutions, protesting in the strongest manner against the continuance of the present system of miscalled free trade,' and solemnly casting on the Administration, of which his Lordship is the head, the heavy responsibility , of rejecting the appeals of the people for the abandon ment of that system; and that a deputation be appointed fur the purpose of presenting the same to his Lordship, and of representing to him the present critical and alarming position of many districts of the country." Mr. W ni. CALDEcoTT of Frating Lodge, near Colches ter, Essex, then proposed—" That the members of the various delegations from all parts of the United Kingdom now present, cannot separate without recording their deep sense of the invaluable services rendered to the cause of protection by the Noble President, the respected chairman of the acting committee, and the other mem bers of the committee of the National Association, in whom the whole agricultural community repose the most deserved and unbounded confidence; and they earnestly recommend to their fellow-countrymen, who desire the restoration of protection as the leading principle of Legis lative policy, to support the association; and whatever differences of opinion may prevail on minor points, unitedly to follow its energetic but prudent guidance, in the great struggle in which they are engaged." The resolution was seconded by Mr. W. RIGDEN, of Haverfordwest, and passed ; And after a vote of thanks to the Noble Lord for his conduct in the chair, the huge meeting separated. MARKET INTELLIGENCE. (From the London bleu, Price Current, May 7.) a! SUGAR.-To-day the rates taken for West India Sugar were 6d per cwt under those of Friday; there was in consequence a good business concluded, but chiefly for grocery purposes. The quantity sold amounted to 740 hhds, &c, includine , 238 hhds 33 tres 89 barrels Bar badoes at public sale, which went at from 34s 6d to 403, one lot very fine 41s 6d ; 28 trcs 90 barrels crystalized Demerara, greyish white 42s 6d to 44s 6d, and yellow ditto 37s to 41s 6d per cwt. REFrNED.-To-day only limited purchases were made in Refined goods by hotaie dealers, still brown Lumps were not to be obtained under 48s per cwt. The market for Bonded Crushed Sugar is quiet, but there is no fur ther reduction. MAURITIUS.-This afternoon a fall of 6d per cwt took place at the public sales of 5,900 bags Mauritius still all sold, fine yellow at 38s to 393, other sorts 34s to 37s 6d, ord to fine brown 303 to 333 6d, grey 33s to 38s, and low grainy yellow 35s 6d to 36s per cwt. EAST INDIA.-This afternoon biddings were languid at the public sales of 4,400 bags Bengal, and prices gave way 6d for brown soft yellow, but other kinds realised steady rates; white Benares went at from 35s Gd to 393 6d, soft yellow 34s to 363 6d, date 313 to 33s 6d, brown 28s to 30s, grainy white, fine 48s, yellow 42s to 435, and ord 36s 6d per cwt. FOREIGN.-By private treaty operations are confined to 1,000 chests low yellow Havaunah at 38s, 209 chests brown Bahia, 365, and damaged 34s per cwt. At auction 340 hhds Cubs Muscovado were taken in at 35s to 38s; 3,240 bags 370 bkts Java 37s to 42s 6d; a few damaged lots, however, sold at 33s 6d to 35s 6d for yellow, and mid grey 41s per cwt. Previous teems are required for bonded parcels, still operations have not much exceeded those of the previous week, and are confined to three cargoes white Bahia for the Mediterranean at 23s 9d to 245. 600 chests yellow Havaunah 193 per cwt. MOLASSES.-The amount of business concluded in West India has been small at from 13s 6d to 17s for low to fine, still lower rates are not likely to prevail. East India is dull of sale at 12s to 13s per cwt. To-day at public sale 80 hhds Bengal Molasses were taken in at 133 per cwt. COFFEE.-To-hy there were not sellers of good ord Native Ceylon on the spot under 40s per cwt., but few inquiries prevailed. A public sale of 176 casks 242 bags Plantation went off quietly at barely former rates, and not above half sold; fine at 693 6d, good mid and good 346 to 58s, and 50s to 535, fine fine ord and low mid 463 to 483 Gd, good to fine ord 41s to 455. Mocha is not much wanted, and 31 bales 26 half bales went at easier rates; rood at 66s 6d, mid 54s to 563 6d, and common 51s per cwt. Cocoe.-Holders of West India have more con fidence, and have offered none at public sale, but a lair business has been concluded by private treaty, and former terms are well supported: we quote red at 39s to 465, and grey at 36s to 40s par cwt. In Foreign holders do not appear disposed to press sales, and require 27s to 29s per cwt. TEA..-Holders of Black have been more disposed to realise, and submitted to rather lower rates, whilst the parcels on offer are larger than for some time past. In ord and good common Congou many purchases have been made at Sid to 9d, and medium, 9d to is ld ; in other sorts, however, operations are limited at is 14d to is 3d, an d fine is 4d, to la Bd. Fine Green is not offered at any further decline, still town and country buyers have operated with caution ; there are sellers of inferior at a slight reduction, and few buyers are to he found. Scented Teas are less required, and a fall is apparent, as in creased parcels are on offer. SPICE&- At auction 50 cases of Cloves changed hands; good and fine bold bright at is 3d to is 4d, mid is Id to is 2d, and ord dark lld to is id per lb; 140 bags Bourbon were taken in at 7d for middling, being above the value. Holders of Mace have been obliged to accept prices 3d per pound under former demands ; but 50 packages at auction nearly all sold, fine and good mid 2s to 2s 3d, ord and good ord Is 7d to is I Id, very ord is 4d to is 6cl, Bastard kind 9d, damaged and wormy lld to 2s 3d. There is no variation in prices of better sorts of Nutmegs, but a fall has taken place of ld to 2d for inferior. The public sales have comprised 350 packages ; fine brown went at 3s 10d to 4s, good 3s to 3s 4d, mid and good mid 2s 6d to 2s I Id, inferior 2s 2d to 2s sd, out of condition 2s to 2s lld shrivelled la 4d to is 10d, and wormy 6d to 10d. Of preserved Nutmegs 30 cases sold at 10d to 10R1. There are still free sellers of Black Pepper, and the rates excepted are under those current previously. Rather more than half of 2,600 bags Penang at auc tion sold at 21d to 24d for ord and mid light dusty grey and brown, and at 2d to 2kd for damaged. 1,202 bags Malabar all found buyers; heavy at 3id to aid, and da maged 3-kd per lb. White Pepper at auction 56 bags all sold at GO to 7d for good bold, 58d for mid, and damaged at sid to bid. Of Cayenne 24 cases went at 10d to 11d, and damaged 3d to Bd. Ginger met with little attention, and prices keep on the decline. At auction 11 packages were sold at 85s to 94s for mid Jamaica, 437 bags export Bengal were taken in at 18s for mid dark rough, and damaged 17s; 66 bags cul tivated, very wormy 20s, but 146 bags African',sold at 28s 6d to 35s for damaged. Pimento is dull of sale, and prices continue to recede. Cassia Lignea met with little attention by private treaty, and there has been no public sale. Previous rates are supported, and rule at 75s to 86s per cwt. To-day another decline took place in the value of Pimento, the whole of 343 bags at public sale finding buyers at 411e1 to 4id, and one lot 3id per lb. RICE.-10-day as public sale 432 bags Bengal Rice sold about the former value, ord and mid white 88 to 8s Gd. Of Pearl Sago 102 cases went at 21s to 24s for good and fire white small pearl. SPIRITS.-There has been rather more activity in the market fur Jean:mica Rum, still at previous terms there are free sellers. About 250 puns have been sold at from 2e 9d to 3s 10d per gallon for 32 to 38 per cent over proof of middling to fine quality. For inf e rio r sor t s the tendency is still downwards, as of these the supply mostly consists. Demerara is not offered at any further reduction, but operations are only 150 puns at 2e 2d to 2s 5d for 33 to 35 per cent over proof and at these rates a desire is evinced to sell. For Leeward Island the market has a quiet appearance, and are confined to 150 punoheons et is 321 d to is 4id per cent over proof, . bu` chiefly at is 4d. In East India only aiall scales have been made at is 3d proof. Fur Brandy there is a dull sale, prices also tend downward, and rule for Cognac best brands, of the vintage of 1849 at 4s 3d to 4s sd; 1848. ditto 4s 5d to 43 7d; 1847, ditto 4s lld to 5s Id, and inferior 20 8d to 4s 3d per gallon. Only small sales continue to be made in Geneva at is 7d, and fine at 23 3d to 3s. The demand for British made Spirit has been limited ai 9s 4d proof, and Gin at is 10d to 8s 4d for 17 to 22 per cent. under proof. CCCIIINEAL.-Prices again exhibit a slight reduction, abouts9id,Mexicanati d h T a half an and shippers as well as home dealers operate with cau tion; there is also no decrease of supply. At auction l a y e s t. () ; m black l. silvers went at from 3s Gd to 33 lld for ord to good, o : f rdiff 2 te s o o 63i bags found purchasers.. Honduras SALTPETRE.-To were taken in at 26ttyiorald da s i dto 3 , f good per lb. 3s 7d to 3s are buyers at 25s 6d lien by private treat perY ew a t tpette met with little atten at auction 270 bags Calcutta INDIGO.-The marketfporerEceasntt purchases iNb have been moderate , India good is quali ty;still fir m t , b b e u r e t well supported. For public sal yet former terms are h is now 12,228 c h ests. Prices aretraethlearanlotwityer for dl el Spa nish, as the m ar k et i s still well supplied. At auc a t r io e n d tima r la m a id ll tsoolfidnaet S2oab 7d res to 3' 5d for Cortex, ando 3 s r a6 s na 6d G to4a fo OILS.-Olive is offe re d at a further decline, demand has not been brisker for a there are other arrivals. Gallipoli a n ii r el to be obtained at i still the purposes, and 44. to 45/, other Spanish to 431 103 per tun. Lucca per jar 51 1 are sorts 42/ Os to 6/ and Florence half chests at 17e to 203, whilst lower ' are likely to prevail. Operations in Rape Oil rate,h, b en to a small extent, and lower terms are acceded to, GS the market i 3 well supplied: the rates taken for pale are 38s 6d to 39s 6d, and brown 373 to 385, whilst for delivery purchases can be made rather under these rates. Linseed Oil has been operated in with caution fur home consumption, export orders a nd only limited have been compl e t e d. A further _ reduction has taken place, and 30s 6d t o 31 s is the value on the spot. There is firmess in the markethave been e market far Palm, and operations upon u larger scale at 303 to 31s for good to fine, Seed has been purchase d with caution, pal© at 361 t o 36/ to 361 10s, straw an d tinged 321 to 35/ 10F, yellow and brown 301 to 311 103. There has been a better de mand for Cod, and few sellers are to be met under 351 per and a greater desire tun. Southern is still in lmited supplY, i t s evinced to operate at 321 to 341 for ordinary to r T ie . For Sperm a further increase has taken t-ace i n operations d 1 ount is on offer, prices ess am are eta), stud fine Colonial realised 831 to 84/. Head matter is in se d fine 901 to 92 / per tun. t a To-day anty , supply ' an public sale 750 pkgs Cocoa Nut Oil w ere nearly all tithe • 1 1 i n at 31s for Ceylor, and at 31s to 32s for Cochin. THE SUN, LONDON, TALLow.—There has been no material improvement in the demand for Russian on the spot, still merchants exhibit more firmness, and it is difficult to purchase fine P. Y. C. under 373 per cwt, whilst a brisker sale is ex pected to take place shortly. Few buyers are to Le met with for delivery in the year, still the rates insisted upon are 38s 3d to 38i 9d. THE LONDON GAZETTE. (THIS EVENING.) Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire. Sir Edward Samuel Walker, Knt., to be Deputy- Lieutenant, April 30. WHITEHALL, APRIL 30, 1850. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Samuel Sharman, of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, Gent., to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery. WHITEHALL, MAY 3. The Lord Chancellor has appointed John Henry Square, of Kingabridge, in the County of Devon, Gent. to be Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chan cery. BANKRUPTCIES SUPERSEDED. Daniel Evans, carpenter and builder, Merthyr Tydvi Glamorganshire. Arthur Williams, draper, Narbeth, Pembrokeshire. BANKRUPTS. COURSE OF EXCHI Amsterciam •• .. 12 2 4 Ditto, threemonths.. 12 3% Rotterdam .... ••.. • • 12 3% Antwerp.............. 25 83 Brussels."... ....., 25 80 Haniburgh .11.8. 13 13 Paris, 3 days'sight •• 25 62% Ditto, 3 months .... 25 22% erfarseilles •• • • 25 82% 80urdeaux......... . Frankfort on Maine.... 121% Vienna, effec. d 0...". 12 13 Trieste, ditto.... • • .... 12 15 Petersbargh,Sll.Rble.. 37% Madrid .... • • ........ 49% Cadiz .. • • ............ 4072 Barcelona • • Seville.. •• ..•• •• •• •• NGE.-(THIS DAY. Gibraltar— •••••• •••••• --- Leghorn ........•••••• 30 75 Gen0a................ 26 li Milan •. Venice•••••••••••••••• Naples .. ...... • . 40% Palermo, per0z........ (22 messina, •• •• .• •• •• •• •• 124 Lisbon • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • 53 % Oporto. • •••••• • • • . • • 43 % Rio Janeiro Buenos Ayres .. • • New York, 60 days'aight Philadelphia .. .. .... .. MIMS 01 utroaox, PEN, OZ. Foreign Geld in bars.. £3 17 9 Portugal Gold Coin .. 0 0 0 Spanish Doubloons .. 0 0 0 New Dollars ...... 0 4 10% Silver is bars ........ 0 4 11% [MPERIAL PARLIAMENT. (THIS EVENING.) HOUSE OF LORDS. Their Lordships assembled at Five o'clock. PETITIONS. The Duke of CLEVELAND presented a petition from the Dissenters of Durham in favour of the substi tution of affirmations for oaths in legal proceedings. Lord WHARNCLIFFE presented a petition in favour of an alteration of the law of marriages. The Bishop of OXFORD presented a petition from Belfast against the introduction of Cuban and Brazilian sugar; also several petitions against Post-office Sunday labour. The Marquis of WESTMINSTER presented a peti tion against Sunday trading. The Marquis of LONDONDERRY presented a peti tion from some place in Down against Post•oflice Sunday labour. PROCESS AND PRACTICE (IRELAND) BILL. On the motion of the Earl of CARLISLE this Bill was reported. FOREIGN CHAPLAINCIES BILL. Earl NELSON postponed tho second reading of this Bill until after Whitsuntide. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE would have been better pleased had the Noble Earl postponed the second reading of the Bill to that day six months—(Hear, hear)—and whenever it might be brought forward, be trusted that their Lordships would reject the measure. Their Lordships then adjourned to Friday. HOUSE OF COMMONS. The SPEAKER took the Chair at Four o'clock. PRIVATE BUSINESS. _ The following Bills were read a third time and passed : Dundee and Perth and Aberdeen Railway Junction. North Staffordshire Railway (Extension of Time for Purchase of Lands, &c.) South Staffordshire Railway. The following Bills, as amended, were considered and agreed to:— Birkenhead Dock Trustees. Great Northern Railway DeviationP, Amendment of Acts, Alteration of Tolls, and of East Lincolnshire Railway Tolls. Waterford and Limerick Railway. York and North Midland Railway. PETITIONS. _ Petitions were presented against Sunday labour in the Post-office by Mr. W. Patten, from Southampton; by Mr. Duncuft, Sir R. H. Inglis, Mr. Scholefield, Mr. Henley, Mr. Ewart, and Lord Dudley Stuart, from the Scotch Church, Regent's-square. Mr. LOCKHART presented a petition from the Chamber of Commerce at Glasgow praying fur the adoption of measures for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade. Mr. G. BERKELEY presented a petition from a place in Gloucestershire to the same effect, and pray ing that a higher duty might be imposed on slave-grown sugar; also a petition from Gloucestershire in favour of international arbitration. Sir H. H. INGLIS presented several petitions against the Marriage Bill, Mr. S. CRAWFORD presented a petition from the county of Antrim in favour of tenant right. Mr. BROTHERTON presented a petition from a place in Cambridgeshire against granting additional liconces to beer-shops. Mr. Alderman SIDNEY presented a petition from St. Brides, London, against the law of settlement. Mr. CARDWELL presented a petition from Liver pool, praying that impressment in the navy might be abolished. Mr. BECKETT presented a petition in favour of the Ten Hours Factory Bill. Mr. SCHOLEFIELD presented a petition from Bir mingham in favour of international arbitration, and a petition from the same place in favour of a secular sys tem of education. Mr. HUME presented a petition from Abercorn in favour of international arbitration; also a petition from Arbroath against the Public Health Bill for Scotland, and a petition from Great Yarmouth against church rates. Captain PECHELL presented several petitions from Brighton against Church-rates; also a petition from the bakers of Brighton praying for the appointment of a Select Committee to inquire into the grievances of their trade. Dr. POWER presented a petition from a place in the county of Cork in favour of tenant right. Sir DE LACY EVANS presented a petition from bakers in Westminster praying for an inquiry into their trade. Mr. O'CONNOR presented a petition from Chester against any alteration in the Factories' Act. Mr. CLAY presented a petition from Hull against the Highways Bill. Sir E. BUXTON presented petitions from HackEejl Be;hnal•green, and Dalaton, in tavour of the Extramural Interments Bill. Several petitions were presented against the &deer titement duty. ATTORNEYS' CERTIFICATE DUTY. Mr. BAILLIE wished to know whether it was the intention of the Noble Lord (Lord Grosvenor) to extend his Bill for the abolition of the attorneys' certificate duty to Ireland and Scotland. Lord GROSVENOR replied that owing to an error in drawing up the Bill Ireland and Scotland were omitted. but it was his intention to include those por tions of the kingdom in the proposed measure. Mr. MACKINNON presented a petition from St. Paul's, Whitechapel, in favour of the Intramural Inter ments Bill. TAX ON MERCHANT SHIPPING. Mr. FORSTER gave notice that on an early day he should bring under the consideration of the House the subject of levying taxes on merchant shipping, with a view to their reduction. SLAVE.GROWN SUGAR. Sir E. BUXTON said, having last night, at the re quest of the Noble Lord the First Minister, put off his motion on the subject of slave-grown sugar, he had now to inform the House that the Noble Lord had pro mised to give him an opportunity of bringing the motion forward on Friday.—(Hear, hear.) CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. Mr. EWART deferred his motion en the subject of capital punishment till the 30th inst. MALT-TAX. Mr. FREWEN, on behalf cf Mr. Caylcy, gave notice .hat on the 30th of May he should move the repeal of he malt -tax. COTTON TRADE —INDIA. Mr. BRIGHT gave notice that on this day week he should move that an humble address be presented to her Majesty, praying her Majesty to appoint a Commission to proceed to India to inquire into the obstacles which prevent the growth and increase of cotton in the presidencies of Bombay and Madras. THE LORD CHANCELLOR. Mr. IL BAILLIE asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department whether be was able to give the country any intimation as to the probable period when tbe Lord Chancellor duties of his office? might be expected to resume the Sir G. GREY said that within the last few weeks the Lord Chancellor had been suffering from a severe fit of indisposition; but he was happily so much recovered that, though he had been unabl e to attend court, he had been hearing cases of great i mportance •at his private residence for some days fast, and had given judKinent in some of them.—(Hear, hear.) John Burgess Nunn, tailor, Short Wire-street, Col chester, to surrender May 15, at eleven, and June 21, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, offi cial assignee; Sole and Turner, Aldermanbury. George Wolland Tucker, furrier, Tottenham-court road, May 20, and June 20, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson, official assignee, Basinghall street ; Sole and Turner, Aldermanbury. Samuel Meanley, butcher, Walsall, Staffordshire, May 18 and June 17, at eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Valpy, official assignee, Birmingham ; Slaney, Birmingham. Gaskell Johnson, coal merchant, Liverpool, May 21 and June 11, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Morgan, official assignee, Liverpool; Dodge, Liverpool. Frederick Duncan, merchant. Liverpool, May 21, and June 11, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Caznnove, official assignee, Liverpool ; Harvey,:Falcon, and Harvey, Liverpool. Thomas Samuel Browne, merchant, Manchester, May 17, and June 7, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. Hobson, official assignee, Manchester; Cuncliffas, Charlewood, and Bury, Manchester. TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 7, 1850. INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION OF 1851. Mr. ARKWRIGHT asked the President of the Board Of Trade whether he intended to ask Parliament to interfere in any eay with respect to the Exhibition of the Works of Industry in 1851, and whether he could give an assurance that no application for an advance of public money in aid of thati Exhibition, will, under any cir cumstances, be sanctioned by her Majesty's Government? Mr. LABOUCHERE said he certainly did not antici pate that it would be his duty to ask Parliament to in terfere in an exhibition which he thought would entirely depend on the voluntary contributions of individuals. The only way in which ho might ask Parliament to in terfere would Le in order to amend the Act of Regis-ra tion of Designs, with the view of protecting from piracy those articles Which might be shown at the exhibition. With regard to the second question, having the honour to be one of the Commissioners, he believed nothing was further from the intention of the Commissioners than to apply for any advance of public money, except it might for some ordinary and trivial incidental expenses. INCUMBERED ESTATES COMMISSION. Lord NAAS asked the Secretary for Ireland, whether the notice appended to some of the advertisements of the Incumbered Estates Commissioners, stating " that the Commissioners will give the purchaser the option of ra yi n g, fur the present, half the purchase money, the remaining moiety not to be required until Sir John Ro milly's Bill shall be disposed of," has been is s ued with the consent of her Majesty's Government; whether a Parlia mentary title will, under such circumstances, be given by s i s v a e ry ne . the Commissioners to the pur c h aser on the payment of the first ,moiety ; and, if so, w h at security the Commis sioners will require fur th e payment of the remaining half. Sir W. SOMERVILLE sa id w i th respect to the first question he was not aw are th at the consent of the Go vernment With regard to the other questions hew was necessary, information on the subject. GOVE RNOR BARKLEY. could ne rg nes In reply to a question from Mr. G. BERKELEY, Mr. LABOUCHERE said the dispatch of Governor Barkley from British Guiana was to be found in the blue-book containing the various reports of the Gover nors of Colonies to the Colonial-office, page 343. CAPTURE OF A SLAVE FRIGATE. In reply to a question from Mr. G. BERKELEY, Mr. HAWES said, he was able to state from in quiries made that morning at the Admiralty, that in formation had been received at that department, of the capture of a slave:steam frigate on the coast of Brazil, called the Providentie and she was found to be empty. PUBLIC PETITIONS. In reply to Mr. H. HERBERT, ~ The SPEAKER said that the signatures attached to public petitions ought to be attached to the sheet on which the petition was. Lord CASTLEREAGH raid he thought the public ought to be put in possession of that informa tion, as he himself often received reddens, the signatures to which were on several slips of paper, and before pre senting it he was obliged to paste them together. Mr. NEWDEGATE inquired whether there had been any alteration in the course taken by the Committee of public petitions. Mr. THORNELY said there bad been no alteration whatever. Honourable Members were entirely unaware of the very irregular manner in which the petitions presented to the House were got up being in many cases signatures which might be the signatures torn from letters, and often many different signatures written in the same hand. Above F,OOO petitions ha) been pre sented to the House during the present session, of which 8001 had been printed. Mr. HUME hoped it would be made known publicly that no person had a right to sign the name of another to a petition. Mr. THORNELY said the Committee had referred to it a petition hem a grand jury to which the names of all the jury were affixed by the foreman in his own hand writing, and th e C o mmittee had it printed as a petition coining from the fsreman. The matter then dropped. EXTRAMURAL INTERMENTS. Lord DUDLEY STUART wished to put a question to the Secretary fur the Heine Department, with respect to the Metropolitan Interments Bill. That Bill stood on the paper for Friday next, and as it was one in which the public took the greatest possible interest, it would be a great convenience to Hon. Members if his Right Hon. Friend would state whether he thought he could really bring on his Bill on that day or before the Whitsun holidays. Sir G. GREY replied that he found it would be im possible to bring on the Bill before the Whitsuntide holidays, but he would proceed with it at the earliest possible period after then. ROBBERY AT DUBLIN CASTLE. Mr. HUME wished to know if the Government had received any information that an official in Dublin Castle had decamped with a considerable sum of public money?—(A laugh.) Sir W. SOMERVILLE—I would rather answer the Hon. Gentleman's question to - morrow.—(Laughter.) REPEAL OF THE ADVERTISEMENT DUTY. Mr. M. GIBSON presented several petitions praying for the repeal of the advertisement duty. Mr. EWART (presented petitions to the same effect from the Worcester Chronicle, the Wilts Independent, the Edinburgh Weekly Register, the Newcastle Chroni cle, the Renfrewshire Advertiser, the Illustrated London News, the IVews of the World, Belt's Weekly Messenger, the Atlas, Reynold's Miscel lacy, the Farmer's Herald, the Derbyshire Advertiser, the Sheffield Free Press, the Bath Journal, the Kent Herald, the Nenagh Journal, the Nottingham Mercury, and a number of other metropolitan and provincial journals. The petitions presented showed the deep interest that was taken in this motion by the class to whom it re lated, but he brought it forward upon public grounds. He considered this tax was one of the most objectionable taxes which could possibly be imposed on the comthu nity; it stood in the same predicament, though it had stronger grounds for its abolitiou, as the auction duty which the Right Hon. Baronet the Member for Tam worth repealed. The Right Hon. Baronet repealed that duty because he considered it was a duty on transactions. He held with the Right Hon. Baronet that no duty could be more objectionable in a political, moral, or com mercial point of view than a tax on transactions. He held a duty on advertisements to be a tax on transactions between man and man, and, therefore, strongly objec tionable. He objected to it on general grounds more than he objected to the taxes on knowledge which his Right Honourable Friend the Member for Man chester brought forward the other day, though he participated with him in his hostility to those taxes, but this tax on advertisements was more than a tax on knowledge, it was a tax on commerce, on agriculture, on literature, and the wants of the commu nity. Could any one of them take up any commercial newspaper without seeing how fettered were the inter communication between merchant and merchant—the buyer and seller, by this very tax on advertise ments. Do not let Honourable Gentleman, who made the agricultural interest their great care, think that he advocated the repeal of this tax on commercial grounds alone, for to-night he had had the honour of presenting petitions, signed by the proprietors and publishers of newspapers, which were almost con fined to the promotion of agriculture, in favour of this motion, and therefore those Hon. Gentlemen who so zealousy supported the agricultural interest would do well to supper!: this proposal. This duty, moreover was, was a tax upon literature; indeed, Mr. McCulloch proved that the advertisement duty was the heaviest cf all taxes that pressed upon the lite rary men. It was tax too upon religious communication and he had also presented petitions from the printers and publishers of religious newspapers, and even their circulation was affected by this prohibitory duty. It was a tax also upon art and su c h publications as the Illustrated News and the Art J our nal severely suffered from the operation of this duty. It was a tax too upon wit, since it affected such publi ca ti o ns as Punch, but he and objected to it principally on g enera l public grounds the unjust principle upon whi c h it was levied. Why should the poor author who published a sixpenny pamphlet, or a sempstress, pay the same advertisement duty that was paid en a we a lthy man selling large estate. In a word, the tax was objectionable had religion. The all grounds, no matter whether it reference to commerce, agriculture, or The advertisement duty w as almost as bad as ft they were to tax people going to a corn or a stock-exchange; in it was the same thing in p r inciple, though different degree. Not only was this tax so generally objection able, but it was one of great inequality. It was levied only on advertisem en t s in newspapers , and not on ad vertisements in books, or in Bradshaw, for instance, and other works of th a t kind. Th e re was another hardship attending it—that a newspaper propri. etor sometimes p a id as much for one lino as he did for a column and a-half. It gave ris to . all those advertisi ng vans an d that unfortunate class of in dividuals call e d wa lk ing advertisements whom they met in the streets. S ome years ag o Mr- Poulett Thompson stated in the House that whilst there were 10,000,000 of advertisements in America there were only 1,000,01)0 in England. In 1837 there were in England, Ireland, Scot land' Wale , ' and the Channel Islands 565 in newspapers ; in the sam e year t h ere w ere 1,7 00 America. d. Before the 3 s . d uty was re d uc ed in 1 833 to the number of advertisements amounted to about one m illi on i n t h e three kingdoms,. and since then th e y h a d increased to two millions the amount o f the duty l ev ied amounted to about 170,0001., and since the reduction the amount was 157,000/ So that it was pretty ev ident that the amount would speedily mo unt up to the original sum. H e proposed the t otal repeal of this duty, and not wishing t o weary t h e p a tience of the House, he should conclude by denouncing this duty as one of the worst ever i mpose d, an d one of the first which the Chancellor should have taken off as it was one which equally pressed upon all classes of the commu nity. The Hon. Gentleman then sat down, after moving, in the words of his motion, that it is expedient that the advertisement duty should be repeal ed. Mr. M. GIBSON seconded the motion. Mr. TRELAWNY opposed the motion as being in consistent with a motion which he himself had upon the paper relative tothe;iional debt. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER also op posed the motion. He could only repaat what he had: sail on former occasions when this sub ject. was brought before the House ; that the question was; not whether the tax was a burden on the class who hadl to pay it, but whether our whole system of taxation was; unjustly imposed. Many objections might be urged to particular taxes, which be should be happy to remit if possible, but he had not arrived at that happy state, nor had any of his predecessors in office, whch would en: able him to carry on the Government of the coy entry without money. The Government had made all - those remissions i n tax ation which they were enabled to do, and which they thought advisable, and he should, therefore, call upon the House to resist any further attempts for the reduction of taxation. Mr. HUME said the Right Hon. Gentleman's ob nervations amounted to an appeal to this effect--" I have math.) up my mind, I 7. - on't li.itcn to any 6 ch0.:, ,, T, I consider what I h ave a l rea d y d one i n the way of the reduction of taxation the best, arid therefore I will not answer the particular objections to this tax." Now he (Mr. Hume) objected, in the first instance, to the remissions which the Government had made, as not being necessary, and be would remind the Right lion. Gentleman that it was the duty of the Government to repeal those taxes which pressed most heavily on the community.—(Hoar, hear.) The Chancellor of the Exchequer having a surplus ought to be told that he had made a wrong selection, and this tax was the one that had the strongest claims upon the House for its repeal. But why could they not reduce the expenditure so as to relieve the products of the country from all those objectionable taxes? He could see no reason why they should not pursue that course, snd he called on the House to adopt it.—(lloar.) Mr. EWART replied, stating that he had brought forward this motion because he objected to the tax on principle, and all he now called upon the House to do was to express an opinion that, on principle, the tax was wroug.—(Hear, hear.), The House then divided, when there appeared— For the motion ... ... 39 .Against it ... 208 Majority against the motion... 169 The motion was consequently lost. SLAVE LABOUR. Mr. G. BERKELEY postponed his motion respecting the exclusion from our markets of the produce of slave labour, to Friday, the 31st inst. JOURNEYMEN BAKERS. Lord R. GROSVENOR then rose to move fir a Select Committee to inquire whether any measures could be taken to improve the sanitory condition of the journey men bakers, and was (LEFT SPEAKING.) FRANCE. The Constitutionnel says : "On Saturday evening, when the last of the fire works were being let off, the President of the Republic proposed to the Ministers of Finance, Justice, and Com merce, who were with him on business, to accom pany him in a walk which he wished to take, in order to witness the rejoicings of the day. In a few minutes after the Chief of the State, arm.in-urm with M. Rouber, and followed by M. Fould and M. Dumas, was i❑ the thickest of the crowd. They first went to the Arc de Triomphe, and afterwards pro • ceeded through the side alleys of the Champs Elys6es to the Place de la Concorde, which they went through in order to view the splendid illumination in all its details. It was nearly midnight when they returned to the Elys6e. The sentiments and feelings which the Presi dent heard expressed during the promenade, contrast in a singular manner, with what he every morning reads in the journals of a certain colour. The President several limes stopped before the stalls in the Champs Elytess, and it was not without emotion that he saw them filled with portraits and emblems calling to mind an epoch, the remembrance of which is as dear to him as he is to the whole nation." We find the following in the Constitzttionnel:— " Letters from Saint Louis, Senegal, state that our colony is threatened with a war by the Moors, who have already committed some acts of hostility in the neighbourhood of it. The banks of the Senegal are inhabited by tribes who are continually in a state of open rupture one with the other, and who are, be sides, often agitated by internal commotions. In the midst of these conflicts, and of the anarchy which re results from them, our trading vessels are frequently placed in danger. Sometimes they are subjected to heavy exactions, and at others are pillaged. There has never been a governor at Senegal that has not had to obtain reparation for some misdeeds of the kind, and the present one, Captain Baudin, has been obliged in his turn to resort to force to bring to reason certain chiefs, who have been guilty of acts of violence against our merchants. An expedition which was undertaken last year on the upper part of the river appeared to have put an end to the acts of rapacity exercised against our merchant vessels. The tribes on the banks of the Senegal, alarmed at the chastisement which had been inflicted on one of their fellow tribes, made their submission, and engaged to pay an indemnity to the victims of the exactions and pillaging which had been com mitted for a certain number of years. In order to give complete security to our commerce, the Governor a Senegal has considered it his duty to seek to put an end to a civil war which divided one of the most considerable tribes on the banks of the river—the Bracknas. In his idea, the re-establishment of a single responsible and recognised authority would he a means of securing from that tribe respect for the treaty which they had concluded with us, and of guaranteeing the property of our merchants. He therefore went in person, at the head of a military force, to the territory of the I3racknas. Taking ad vantage of the absence of the Governor, the chief of another not less important tribe, the Trarzas, attacked the establishments formed by the colonists in the neighbourhood of Saint Louis, and devastated and pil laged them. Several murders were, it is said, com mitted by the assailants. This unexpected act of ag•• gression brought back the Governor in great haste to St. Louis. On his return, the; Trarzas had disap peared with their booty. M. Baudin was obliged to' leave again soon afcer to seek the troops, who were engaged in another expedition in Upper Senegal. It is not known whether the Trarzas will confine them selves to the outrage they have already committed, but in any case they will have to be called to account, and reparation obtained from them. It is to be hoped that this unfortunate event will not long interrupt the trade on the river." with oil, from which it is separated by pressure, the tie. iseio e e: steariue, the hard and pure portion of tallow, from suet, was illustrated by a variety of specimens ex hibiting the conditions of the material in its various stages of purification. Spermaceti was taken as an exemplification of the manufacture of the materials into the form of candles. The platted cotton serves to give the wick a twist whilst burning, so as to briug the end to the edge of the flame, by which means it is completely consumed, and the candle snuffs itself. The fixing of the wicks in the moulds, the mode of pouring in the melted spermaceti, and the extraction of the candles from their moulds, by first giving each one a blow to liberate the spermaceti from its adhesion to the metal, were exhibited. In making wax candles a different mode is adopted, for no plan has hitherto been de vised for casting wax candles in moulds. The melted wax is poured over the wicks when suspended, and thus the candles are formed by a succession of layers of wax. Having shown the mechanical part of the construction of candles, Professor ' Faraday proceeded to consider the manner in which a candle burns, and the requisites in the materials for producing the effect. The fuel which supplies the flame must. be vaporised before it is burned, and before it is vaporised it must be melted ; and there fore it is essential that the fuel of which a candle is farmed should be solid, be readily melted, and be convertible into gas by the heat of the flame, in order to keep up a continuous supply of inflammable gas through the me dium of the wick. The property of the wick of drawing the melted tallow or wax, by capillary at traction, to the flame, was illustrated in an ingenious manner. A cotton wick surrounded by wax was placed on a plate containing water, and a piece of potassium was put contiguous to the wick at the top. When the water rose through the cotton by capillary attraction, it set fire to the potassium. Experi ments were shown with pieces of candle made of gutta percha and of camphor for the purpose of illus trating, that unless combustibles possess the property of melting at a given heat, and not under, they are unfit for the manufacture of candles. The gutta percha candle burned like a link, as it did not melt with the heat of the flame ; the camphor, on the contrary, melted too quickly, and blazed rapidly away. In an ordinary candle the combustible is melted and held in a small revervoir, whence it is drawn by capillary attraction to the flame, end there the hydrogen of the fuel is con verted into gas, and instantly inflamed. This same is of itself not luminous, though it gives an intense heat, and this heat enables it to burn the carbon of the fuel on which the illuminating pro perty of the flame depends. Professor Faraday exhibited several experiments for the purpose of showing that the luminous property of flame depends upon the solid matter exposed to the burning hydro gen gas. Into a jet of that gas, which was nearly in visible, different solid bodies were placed, when their combustion in some cases, and their mere incadescence in others, produced a bright light. Lime, for example, though incombustible, gave a very bright light when exposed to the heat of the hydrogen flame ; it is this substance, indeed, which produces the Drummond light, when the heat of the hydrogen flame is increased by the addition of a jet of oxygen gas. As the gas supplied to the flame burns only where it is in contact with the air, the interior of the flame is hollow, as was proved by the following simple experiment :—A piece of white paper was held horizontally for an instant, in the middle of the flame of a candle, when a circular mark was made at the back where the paper had been scorched by the ring of flame, the interior of the ring being untouched. As the paper was held higher the ring diminished until it came to a point. A very well contrived experiment was arranged for exhibiting the shadows of a flame, and of the gases that are burnt and produced during the combustion. A soap-bubble blown with hydrogen gas was held between the rays of a Drummond light and a screen, and when the bubble was burst, the shadow of the gas mixing with common air was seen rising very beautifully. When a bubble blown with carbonic acid gas, which is the product of combustion, was shown in the same manner, the effect was equally curious, but in that case, the gas being heavier than air, it fell rapidly instead of rising. The shadow of the flame of a candle presented an interesting object; the gas and the smoke being seen rising for a considerable height, and producing great agitation around, all of which actions are continually taking place during the combustion, though invisible. This experiment, with which the lecture concluded, may, Professor Faraday stated, be easily repeated by holding a candle in the rays of the sun, letting the shadow fall upon a white screen. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, May 6. PROCESS AND PRACTICE (IRELAND) BILL. The Earl of CARLISLE moved that the committal of .his Bill be postponed, as certain amendments were to be introduced. Lord MONTEAGLE hoped that the Bill would be reprinted with the proposed amendments, and that suffi cient time would be given to the profession in Ireland to consider its provisons. After a brief discussion, in which Lord Campbell, the Earl of Glengall, and the Marquis of Westmeath, took a part, the Bill went through Committee proforma, and the amendments were ordered to be be printed. APPEAL IN ECCLESIASTICAL CASES. The Bishop of LONDON, who was almost inaudible in the gallery, was understood to introduce a Bill which had for its object some alteration in the law of appeal in ecclesiastical cases. The Bill was read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time on the 28th of May. VENTILATION OF MINES. Lord WHARNCLIFFE then rose to present a peti tion, pursuant to notice, from the coal-miners, praying for legislative interference for the better ventilation and regulation of coal mines. Ile said there was no class in her Majesty's dominions that was better entitled to the consideration of the Le:islature, whether we regarded the service which their labour rendered to the community, or the peculiar nature of the occupa tion in which they were engaged. It was a fact admitted that their occupation was of a character that exposed them to frequent casualities, which were considerably increased by the negligence or par simony of the employers. Ho thought that the Legisla ture should adopt such practical means as could be ob tained for the purpose of increasing the securities of these men while pursuing their dangerous occupations. Itiappeared by a return of the casualties in these mines, within the last few years, that there was, latterly, a con siderable increase. In 1838 the number of lives lost Were 349; in 1840 th© number was 498; in 1845, 562; in 1847, 416; in 1848, 570; and in 1849, the number of lives lost was no less than 704. In 1835 the House of Commons caused an inquiry to be made on this subject, and since then there was a series of inquiries up to the present moment. During the last session the House of Lords, at his suggestion, consented to appoint a Com mittee, and it was a remarkable fact that there was a most perfect unanimity amongst the members com posing the various Committees on this subject. In Belgium there was a considerable decrease of ac cidents, while there was a vast increase of produce from those mines. The great evil to which the miners were exposed was the defective system of venti laVon. The inspectors of mines should be practical men. He could not concur in all the suggestions made by the petitioners. When they talked of imposing regu lations by compulsion, he thought that such a course was open to a serious objection —namely, they would be imposing a responsibility upon those who exercised this power of compulsion. He would rather place a direct responsibility upon those who ought to be considered the responsible party. He would ask his Noble Friend, in respect to the Commission that had been recently ap pointed, whether they bad as yet considered their report, and if so, when they might expect to have it laid before the House? Earl GRANVILLE was understood to say that the report was under consideration, and would be produced in the course of the session. The Earl of MALMESBURY thought that the Go vernment deserved much credit for the caution which they had observed in investigating this subject. The class of persons that sought for protection at their hands was, no doubt, one deserving of their best consideration and attention. Ho was sure that the Government would see the great importance of guarding them as much as possible from accident. The Committee, however, on the other hand, ought to have some regard to the inte rest and the comfort of the proprietors of these mines. They might, perhaps, see the Government inspectors be come directors of these mines, which would not be de sirable. Earl FITZ WILLIAM also recommended the Govern ment to proceed with caution, so as not to throw upon the owners of these mines a responsibility which they were not fairly entitled to. The Earl of ST. GERMANS hoped the Government would not be deterred by anything that had been said by the Noble Lord from prosecuting the inquiry. The petition was then laid on the table. PROCEDURE IN CRIMINAL COURTS. Lord CAMPBELL moved the record reading of a Bill to emend the procedure in criminal courts. The object of the Bill was to prevent the lamentable defeat of jus tice that frequently took place from mere technicalities, wholly unconnected with the guilt or innocence of the parties. One of these sources of the defeat of justice arose from what was called the variance between the indictment and the evidence. For example, it was alleged in the indictment that a man stole a cow, and it tu:ned out that it was a heiti , -; or it was alleged that a man stole five lambs, and it turned out that they were sheep, and things of that sort, that had really no bearing upon the guilt or innocence of the party. He proposed by the present Bill to allow a power to the judge to amend the indictment, us the proofs came out, and if necessary to have the trial postponed. He be lieved by the proposed measure much of the existing scandal on the administration of the criminal law would be obviated. Another principle involved in the Bill was to allow a more. general allegation of the crime charged. According to the old form, they were obliged to enter with great minuteness into parEculars. For instance. in case of murder, the length and depth of the wound must be specified, and the value of the instrument by which the death wa, caused, and, to avoid the clangor of defeating the ends of justice, ------—the Pt. an i•-- - •----'-' • a ' . i . 'to "/ 4wctaitut f,r murder, it s h o uh e ll u a n s t u l fh iri ct t e huf:, %: tha' a pers:;n, or; such a day and place, murdered gi fbile person. That would of all existing deie 6 ef o ld it b gave the priso ner every advanta . o to which b : e ',i t h 3 ftirly entitl e d. There were other enactments ,-ary the :sallo view, with w hi c h h o did not think it nee ds to trouble their Lordships. The Bill was th en read a second time, and th_ eir id ord' ships adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS, May 6 ' I LL. AUSTRALIAN COLONIES GOVERNMEN TS et ) (Continued from our Third Edition of last night re ply Mr. A DI)ERLEY had never heard so meag re , a Tbs tO an elaborate scheme of colonial g overnmenie e frece Right Hon. Gentleman who had undertaken the " tes to of the Government Bill had taken up just 1 0 lo iell eoe ett reply to the clever speech of the Honourable 13("Gee but it would seem that the Right Honourabloss. 9 tleman treated the plan propounded oteir mad scheme, and it was unworthy of bit serieti tion. But if the Right H oe . G ent l ema n th"ug ht to tioe why did he venture to t e ll th e H ouse t hat the w ool only served to re-open a q ues ti on w hi c h htt u cide eey) times been decided in Com m itt ee ? Il e (Mr. d We e denied that it was a mad scheme, o r that it h,41 s . alto" decided before. It was en ti re l y a new question es' gather; what they h a d b een di scuss i ng hitherto that whether or no it was the wish of the colonies bo there should be one or two chambers. T be l e +/bat settled that matter, and no w th e y h a d to deternunv to es was the best plan of carryi ng ou t th e liberal merit" .t he were to be extend e d t o th e c olonies ~1 ' co• Bib'. They had already d ec id e d that tu n local lonies were able to =rap their ow n to de affairs, and all that they were now called was to put an end to the meddling 'a u° t hee? the Colonial-office, so that the colonies ~juts selves should have the fullest optiort g ',,,,et. of testing the principle of self-govern r e ou t The principles laid down by the Government carried out; they attempted to give to the sort of bastard constitution, something of act ° boa tween that cf Russia sled England. Th e y do vent promised to give the c o lo n i es a r i g ht to h b, their own local affairs, but, instead of doing oth, t ,„. - ow n vernment proposed to t a k e th e su bj ec t in tue`r-lose hands and go vern , b ut w i t h a l ooser re i n. s olo' ever, the Right Hon. Gentl eman th ou h t that the g 11a g nists would be satisfied with th e scheme be Pr op ° floc for their Government, he would find himself very 7, the mistaken. The Right Hon. Gentlem an objeete° al plan of the Hon. Baronet on the ground that l a w tempted an impossibility— name ly, attem pted to, p ee the royal prerogative ; b u t was i t not one of th e the vileges of Englishme n t o d e fi ne t h e preroga tive ° ,.go' Crown ? This was indeed a s t range an d cu rious 7l o te went t_, be used by a Whig Minister. The Righ l , s ,„ pro' Gentleman objected that the pl an wou ld d e fine tu: o ir rotative; but if he (Mr. Add er l e y) was not intle'ettor taken—and he spoke uader th e correct i on o f the the ney-General—there was a su ccess i on o f statu tes fro Edwards downward ! , d e fi n i ng t h a t attr ibute e i f t est Crown. The Right Ho n . G ent l eman t h en u rged j ogd there were some prerogatives of the Crown toil from the plan of th e H on . B aronet, an d h e ilia"' gai the proclamation of martial law as among thew. o 'o fortunately, however, for the Right Hon. Gentl e & to argument, it had been held necessary very rec e e n ,ifoo' proclaim martial law in Ceylon. Did the Rig , " ro' Gentleman mean to say that it should not have hf el3 , 'OO claimed on that occa s io n by L or d Torrington, oll e • tee it should have come fro m th e Q ueen t hrong d o to Colonial-office, upon appplicatien to that effect re e sr esi ID the Government in this c o un t r y. Th e va l ue of lo law consisted in the promptitude of its apeliet"f e eet eases of necessity ; but t o f o ll ow out t h e eroPeP' t eo couched in the Right Hon. Gentleman's o bjection , n et rat cessity would have ceased to ex i s t, i n th e case of d l i s e Lbo colony, before permission t o a ppl y mart i a l l a w Cot; o so obtained from this country. The Right Hon. Gen tle tbo had asserted that the re was no ana l ogy betwee-,, t he United States and the English colonies, becaus e bet' United States were each n e t so di stant f rom the boa as Australia was from E ng l an d. B ut t h e li, as die Gentleman forgot that it was thi s very element 0 , 1 jar tance that rendered the separation of the local aneg o ie perial functions, sought to be established by th e or Baronet, absolutely necessary, and gave all the g r e e ft eo strength to the argum e nt s o f t h e H on. B arone t- t he re - Australian colonies were a s near as C ornw all, then t' 1100 would be no need of a separate constitution for t' tive s but it was their distance that rendered it imper n a - r a• The Right Hon. Gentleman had argued as if a 8 07,1 0 , tion of the local and Imperial Government of the e° s, vies was an impossibility. But where was the at sibility ? in what did it consist? The theory ws,, g ; - ,etO a line should be drawn between the two on' - ',,J 00 16 of legislation, ono of which was proposed to be " o r with by the mother country alone ' • the et oc el entirely local, and to b e d ea l t w i t h as suc h by the . ' Legislature. The truth w as th e y cou ld never clash, ; it, the Right Hon. Gentleman had no argument ageO 3 ',,,fs only au objection. There were , i n f act, p l ent y of Pri"ito not alone of the possibility o f separation, hut°,,,hieli propriety; and not one again s t it. Th e fi rst p r oof " o fe , might be adduced was, that there had never been 111:1 t ee gregate empire without such a separation. Tin: t ie whole of hist or y s h owe d. Th e second proof was, t ' ull 0 all the early American colonies such separatie r El e ,:e' made. :The third was, that in the United States of g rice that separation was even now in the course of " e t c h carried out; and the fourth was, that in the Bill w b- e flf had been prepared by themselves they bad aqu a et attempted to effect such separation. In corroborat ie " o f his first proofs he read a long extract from the work 0 Mr. Gibbon Wakefield; the second, he state' , ! d e fully set forth by the Honourable Baronet in the of his able speech. The third was shown by the ass tory of the United States; while the fourth n o supported by the Bill itself. Why not, he as k e d, ra ga advantage of th e o pp ortun i ty, and adopt the OW system of separation proposed by the Hon. Bar 013 ; 0 0 The idea of the American Congress had taken possee e ibe of Lord Grey's mind in preparing the Bill; btlt, bs t Noble Lord made the grave mistake of not seeing ie the proper congress of the Australian colonies "toe London, and that the president of that congress w0,,,, t1 h,,bei her Majesty the Q u ee n o f t hi s country. If theld Lord had succeeded in creating this congress, he lee take the rudest way that could be conceived to c— s, o' the colonies from England. There was something °",: e g lutely startling in the Bill of the Government n t - e as the first time in the history of the world that a met, politan power proposed to form a sub-metroPl o g power for the achievement of the same objects. t 3 e e lei that the Ministers had promised local governoe-re to the colonies, and then said that they '"" g, the not able to give it—gratuit ous l y refusing, in r what they had promi se d—th e quest i on was, w e e • I the Bill did not contain ma t er i a l s w hi ch the coie-ljeo might wrest to the purposes cf self-government' t be support of the view that th e co l on i sts did not l oo k t; ) ,,, - te s Bill for a chance of local se lf- government, t h e Hon. L''gr tleman read an extract from a recently-arrived ntl °7- ies of the New South Wales Vindicator. What the colon 4 looked for was a loophol e i n th e Bill out of w hich t w e e could wring self-government. Th e H on , Gen tle a O , then read a letter from a colonist decrying the nouncing the Government, and stating that th e ,:poe would irritate the eol on iSt s , b ut wou ld not content te, I He, therefore, appealed t o h er M a j esty ' s Gover no l . 3 00 whether it would not he better to adopt the proPe niti to of the Hon. Baronet, or some other proper measu re ' to meet the requirements of the colonies, rather the n et, force the Bill before the House through Parlititeei-ea against their own expressed conviction; and he apPe 6 ;), to the House, und er th e circumstances, whether. t- • e o would vote with the Government against the pro..,ige that had been so repeatedly made of local self-go ' o went for the colonies.—(Hear, hear.) Sir G. GREY would not enter on the wide field * discussion opened up by the Hon. Gentleman, but e ` fine himself to the sp ec ifi c quest i on b efore the Bo' e , Test question Tsai, whether the Bill should be r '0 committed for the purpose of considering ca ll :, )f , clauses proposed by th e H on. Baronet the Member ' Southwark. These clauses proposed to give the colon' tO legislature unrestricted power of legislation, reserving the Imperial Parliament the power of legislating for I; 0) perial matters alone. This, in his (Sir G. Greyfi o opinion, would b e hi g hly o bj ect i onable. The ' Gentleman had mistaken the argument of his Rag . Hon. Friend the Pre s id en t o f t h e B oard of Trade wb 0' he charged him with inconsistency in opposing the P t position of the Hon. Baronet, and defending the Bih the ground of definition in respect to the royal prerof tive. But in his (Sir G. Grey's) opinion the great 1 ea jection to the clauses in question was, that they show pie the absurdity of any such definition. The extra 1 0 vagueness of the definition they proposed was fatal eto them ; because there was nothing more likely to crs t he a collision between the Imperial Government and or several local legislatures than such vagueness and iIE" the, tainty. The powers soug ht to b e conferred on /e V colonial legislature by the clauses could not be se o elt exercised under these c i rcumstances, and the r' 00° would be, as he had stated, continual collision betsoll/ , them and the mother coun t ry , w i t h out any possil tee/ of an harmonious arrangement of the differences caused it. t J IB Mr. GLADSTONE w ou ld b r i e fl y state w b wished to imply by the vote he proposed to give. le to Right Hon. Gentlem a n h a d s t a t e d i t was impossi' the draw a line of d emarcat i on b etween the power ndisle Crown on the one h an d an d t h e power of the 10 ) 5 t n tive Assembly on th e o th er . I t wou ld b e too In 9 "" i oatf assert in strong term s a di rec t negat i ve to this star o`,,olte but this he would say, th a t t h e o bj ect the most c c' able and important to obtain was to emancipate ests° lonial legislature from all control, save that whit 1. 'J t Do imposed by certain Imp er i a l ques ti on!. Thi s o f i e t a St/ considered second to none i n i mportance. H e h : t be much assurance of its perfect practicability tb loth thought it ought to be formally an d care f u ll y axan 10 and that vague opinions of the difficulty of sepal' ' ," o ien i these subjects ought no t t o b e cons i dered a sub answer to a motion that contemplated practical of 4 'o o The system had been tried in some of our I American colonies —they had been subject to no o otl' trol, and had been found to grow and prosper in fl e sequence of thi s s y stem. If the Act passed, - . found to requir e amen d ment, they would again be fe l 'li; upon by the colonial legislature to amend it , should the laws of England override the colonia . : 4 1c1 of f ture ? He wished to rid this country of the in feel" it interfering with matters at a distance, over sv hic" o . j ett could not exercise efficient control. This subjec oat' ,3 to be examined by persons of legal knowled go - • cern° acumen —and they ought to decide whether, with o exceptional cases , t h e co l onies could not with ad ""n;t6 be left t o manage t h e i r own affairs, so that the y at 1 1) get rid of an administrative department wb iil worked in a wa y t o cause painful divisions and tie,. volvo us in s e ri ous nat i ona l di scredit and ge 'l5 ar ci (Hear.) He tro u bl e d th e H ouse w i th t h ese t exas ' t because he was anxious to bear testimony to a arlinc which was one of great value and importance. The House then divided, when there appears ti— ITALY. The Pope, the restored of the defenders of the rights of property, has ordered the confiscation of the property of the whole of the deputies to the Roman Constitute Assembly. His Holiness has, it appears, no othes means of getting money for his notable scheme of maintaining the Roman funds at a fictitious price, but by prohibiting any broker from selling under 96, has completely failed. The excellent car dinals flattered themselves that by this notable scheme they would deceive the Rothschilds, who, of course, at once saw through the trick, and refused to have any thing further to do with the Roman loan. Monsignor Franzoni, Archbishop of Turin, has addressed the following letter to the examining judge who has summoned him to appear before him : "Signore,—After receiving the summons to appear this day before you, I seriously considered whether I could apply to myself the rules I presented to my clergy in the circular of the 18th inst., in which I had declared that they would be free from reproach in obeying the summons, and answering the interrogatories addressed to them. I have remarked, however, that not only in con formity with the Council of Trent (24th sitting, chap. 5) bighops exclusively depend from the Holy See in crimi nal ca-es, but also that, in the circular of the Holy Con gregation of immunity obtained by his Majesty on the 14th of June, 1823, in which it is laid down that ecclesiastics summoned to depose before courts of justice are bound to present themselves, it is neverthe less expressly declared that when it shall be indispensa ble to interrogate an archbishop or a bishop, he shall not, out of respect to his dignity, be summoned before the place of judgment, but that his Holiness reserves to himself the authorisation for that purpose, and requires a special permission to be applied fur each time. You, therefore, see that in the face of such clear and formal enactments, I am in the absolute impossi bility of obeying your summons. Consequently while professing the greatest submission to the laws of the Government in whatever is not contrary to con science, finding myself exactly in the case specified, I Leg to be allowed the necessary time to apply to the Holy See for the authorization, this being indispensable; and when I shall have obtained it, I shall consider it an imperious duty to obey the prescriptions of the law. While waiting for the notice to write immediately to Rome, I am, &c., "k Louis, Archbishop of Turin." Lieutenant-General Alberto della Marmora, Mili tary Commandant of the island of Sardinia, has addressed an order of the day, dated Cagliari, 19th ult., to the troops under his command, stating that he has been informed that some refugees, who have been received with hospitality in the island, have spread infamous insinuations against the King and his Government, and tried to persuade the soldiers that there had been several acts of treachery in the two last campaigns —thus attempting to sow dis cord among the ranks of the army, and to endanger its discipline. In consequence of such criminal at tempts, the Commandant thinks it his duty to declare to the army that all these alleged acts of treachery are infamous inventions, propagated by the very men who imposed General Ramorino upon the Go vernment. A new Ministerial journal is to appear at Florence under the title of II Conservatore Giornale Con stituzionale, it being intended thus to let the Tuscans know that the Constitution is to be maintained. EMIGRATION UPON MRS. CIIISHOLOLM'S ofol i S n a t t e u n r d d i a n y g evening a n t t h s e n fi n r s d t e p r r e theli m i n B a u r p y e m r n e e t e t i n n d g e n t o e o e k e p f l a c thee above-mentioned lady, at Charlton-terrace, Islington, for the purpose of the various families being formed into groups. Upwards of 200 persons were present. The Hon. Vernon Smith, M.P., the Right lion. Sidney Herbert, M.P., and, Mr. Sidney, severally addressed them as to the plan of fur nishing the means of emigrating, and explained at consider able length the duties incumbent on all those intending to proceed to the colonies. 2,000/. has been already subscribed by the working classes, as also the following donations : Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P.,' 2001, and Lady Pembroke, 251. At the termination of the proceedings it was annonnced that in the course of the week the committee would meet to de cide as to the best means of raising the required capital, and also to appoint trustees to receive subscriptions. The first ship upon this plain will sail about June next.—Sunday 7'itnes. PROFESSOR FARADAY'S LEC TURES ON DOMESTIC CHEMISTRY. The sutject of Professor Faraday's second lecture at the Royal Institution, on Saturday, was a "candle." The materials of which candles are made, and the processes of manufacture, were first noticed, though briefly. The wax for candles comes principally from Africa, in a dark brown mass, which is bleached and purified till it becomes of the pale yellow colour of wax candles. Spermaceti undergoes var i ous c h anges before it is fit for being made into candles. Its origi nal condition is a thick oleaginous matter mixed tlo ti of 4 0 F