The Sun. — London, England, 1850-09-24 00:00:00

SPORTING INTELL IGENCE. TA TTERSA LL'S —YESTERDAY. If th e we Inv judge from the absence of complaint, and o Ereadiness ehown to speallate on future events, the c t v ° ak-ttling on the aincaster race; must have been a Isfactcry : the deficiencies, we believe, are small. The rin ,;iPal feature of the betting was the advance of p it il L ugrave to 8 to 1 (taken several time, , ), leaving off „ the c a ll o f t h e I r i s h h orse , w h ose f r i e nds were very Bha I '.". The Italian was in force for the .Cambridge betre, f or which also Loadstone, after 20 to 1 had been re It q, improved several points. The bettsg, in other a P t eta, was wither heavy nor important.. i BEDFORDSHIRE STAKES. 6 to 4 agst Mr. Charlton's Kissaway NEWMARKET TWO YRS OLD TRIENNIAL. 3 to 1 asst Lord Caledon's Aaron Scaith—taken NEWMARKET THREE YRS OLD TRIENNIAL. 3 to 1 agst Lord Enfield's William the Conqueror —taken fceely 4 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Harding° Even on FOUR YRS OLD TRIENNIAL. "en on Sir J. Hawley's Vatican, CESAREWITCH STAKES. 8 to 1 agst Mr. Gratwicke's Landgrave—taken and afterwards offered 8 to 1 agst Mr. Mangan's Russborough 9 to 1 aget Mr. Edwards na Bolingbroke—taken and afterwards offered 10 to 1 agst Col. Anson's Backbiter-11 to 1 taken 25 to 1 agst Lord Stanley's Legerdemain—taken 2 5 to 1 agst Mr. Jaques's Chantrey 2 5 to 1 agst Mr. Merry's Miss Ann—taken CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES. 6 to 1 agst Mr. Meiklam's The Italian-7 to 1 taken freely 1 0 to 1 agst Mr. J. Scott's Mulgrave !I to 1 agst Lord J. Scott's Turnus 14 to 1 agst Lord Clifden's Loadstoeo 1 7 to 1 agst Mr. Jones's Ilagley 25 to 1 agst Cspt.Arehdall's Rhesus DERBY. 12 to 1 agst Mr. Halford's Prime Minister 25 to 1 agst Mr. Osborne,'s The Black Doctor—taken and afterwards offered 83 to 1 agst Lord Caledon's Aaron Smith—taken to 200/. 40 to 1 apt Mr. St. George's Brother to Chanticleer —taken 1 ". 10 to 1 ags t L or d Z e tl an d' s Lightfoot ko d4e ridian, Izto the property of Count Hahn, met with tot:!eident at Hatubleton on Saturday, and was obl i g ed The shot. RICHMOND RACES.—MONDAY. tiat Stakes of 5 sovs. each, 3 ft, and 20 added; 4 ,.' 1111 er to be sold for 100/. To start at the turn at back let Stand a-id run in. (8 Subs.) k r. Gill's Esculapius, 3 yrs ... ••• harton na Tity, 4 yrs ... ••• Th e Six started. -c4 ,1 asby Stakes of 20 sovs. each, 10 ft, and 5 only if tiil L ; lcir ed, with 20 added, for two yrs old colts, 6st 71b; to - e • o e . ,a. 6.it 31b; three yrs, Sat 711); and fillies, Bst 31b; Gre' ... 1 e clici to save his stake ; winners extra, 80 . -- 4r t oe cin. (6 Subs., 1 of whom declared.) k r iliehard na Black Doctor, 2 yrs '•' The S. Davidson' s J ac k Leeming, 2 yrs nichuaond Handicap of 20 sovs. ea - 1, 10 ft and 3 It, it h 7 W d added. Two miles. (15 Subs., 5 of whom ealated.) .tr. 8 1 • Davidson's Fleur de Seine ..• ••• •• 2 Radulphus ••• ••• •" k o g e Voltigeur Stakes were won by Gardenia, beating tJlasian and several others. ttE ou r LYING DUTCIIMIN.—It may interest some of 1 04 readers to know that this famous racer has bean_ E n to four noblemen and gentlemen by the Earl of 1 16i t ° 11 for 7,0001. He is not intended for the turf 1) 3 ,i" , and will only be kept for breeding purposes. The be e ri g, Dutchman has won fourteen races, never baying th e n t waten till Friday last, for the Doncas-er.Cup, by Aeth a d. of Zctland's Voltigeur, an event attributable, f rer :P3, to the great weight the favourite was compelled o _ t _ b ur his acre to carry—namely, 191bs. more than V li7 Olt o : The Dutchman has realized the sum of 17,72 51. PlutZ et her for his late Noble Proprietor, exclusive of C ups, and other trophies of the race-course. AQUATICS. Th ST. GEORGE'S REGATTA. a go e decidi ng h ea t i n t hi s rega tta, about two months B k far severa l prizes contributed by the resident s of ‘xec, r ge 3, Hanover-square, and St. Peter's k itc gave rise at the time to a dispute, was yesterday d oe 4 ,rovved, and finished most satisfactorily. 4, o e r Pu Tuck er an d H enr y Harvey J o h g° Royal an d E mman uel Martin T ho ll Sullivan and Charles Seedman 3 .4 i les Mills and J o hn Wing e L Y rowel from Battersea -bridge down throu g h li Ett ,; ( ,°° ll , up the Middlesex shore, back to King WH IN the Fourth, Thames-bank. They bad a good start, low:, e ,l'Y shortly the winners took tho lead , clo sel y fol- Ca e -4 °Y yellow, the second pair, who never lost their l Engths ", although making a capital race. Wo n b y four • 1 11 "; „,• CHANDLER'S PAIR. OARED RACE. veto: aa" Tom Chandler, of the Feathers, Hun k bLu'rnarket, yesterday gave a boat and other prizes, tow: . r owed for by young tradesmen , a nd a ver y nume assemblage was the conseqw3rice. k i erst Heat— M•Evoy and Turner (green), 1; M'Carthy (NCr°nes (black and white), 2 ; Baxt er and B ell lita, e ;'), 0; Manning and Corm ack (red) , 0 . A ca p ital h,'rern Hungerford-market was followed by a s mut 114,t0 Westminster-bridge, whore green t ook the lead apt it, winning by three lengths. Vennd Heat—Chandler and Cadwallada (b l u e ) , 1 ; (Lj tl 'iegton and E. Gale (black), 2 ; Frisw ell and Piner V e, z and white), 0; Constable and Smith (pink), 0. le e ' , inners took the lead and 'wept i t. Won b y two Atha. Third Heat—M‘Evoy and Turner (green) , 1; Har ,cle„ , N te° and Gale (black), 2; Chandler and Cadwallaoa 0 . The heat was gallantly contested, the men t en e the a . ll together for some distance. Won by four , Th II OF SHERIFF JARDINE. k ern ,.learned gentleman, who was one of the senior embers of the Faculty of Advocates, suddenly ex I to -- ; at his residence, Great King-street, on Saturday ab„ n kg• lie had retired on the previous night, 'Fare fr a il ntlY in his usual health, which was,atthe best, f eun , and when called on Saturday morning, was ap p dead ,°Plexv in bed, as is supposed from an attack of a o t r • Jardine: was the son of Professor Jardine, who "(T h . n g and ably filled the Chair of Logic in the fis .ovar sity _ Dar in 1 799, Scot au()f Glasgow. Ile W called to the and through rife was a consistent 10Porter of the principles o f F o x—in short, a zea blootennstitutional Whig. When the project was Pubr ed , , about the year 1825, of effecting two leading by 6_° i mprovements in Edinburgh, viz., the approach toutt. e°r ge the Fourth Bridge, and that by the bae t u t a nte of the Castle, through a general assersd }lilt - op" the inhabitants, Mr.. Jardine signilise byache an uncompromising opposition to the th,C,',e, telli ng th e au th or iti es atid other promoters e:etent t utelei y lsr ho u ld f o ll ow th e exa mple of Glasgow, an d ri improvements by means of th e j oint op hr e Y of those ma i n ly i n terested--at all events never %r ill : 3 the i n h a bi tants b y a t ax , the benefit of which When ly go to a section of the community. Man y , Wh o " l ey have since felt the grievous effects of this h av 9 sale j o b i n the annua l v i s i ts o f the tax-gatherer, Jitrd.bitterly regretted that the wise counsel of Mr. ha ve l L n e was not adopted at the time. That t here the, "", n improvements effected, no one deni es, but itlb'4hoave been inadequate to the burden laid o n the nf Af it ants, who should have listenA to the advice Jardine. bfi e i v eral yea rs s i nce , on a vacancy in the Sheriffdom ti str Q a, Mr. Ja r dine was appointed under the admi - ttfi e p ati 'n of Lord Melbourne, and he has hel d this tioe And actively discharged the duties, until the pe- Yea rc °l Pia decease. He was in his more vig orous hi t) ; good practice at the bar, but latterly confined the e d' to the d u ti e s of the Sheriffdom. We be lieve (of h i m l as t occasion in which , apart from his official he took a share in public matters was when, Ineeting of the Faculty,he advocated the claims b ea : Present Lord Advocate, to the office of the of , )4 er - clir t . Faculty in the year 1841.—Caledonian COURT CIRCULAR. beer BALMORAL, SETT. 21 . °en Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Al itWent out walking this morning. / 4 8 'loyal Highness afterwards went ou t shootin g . Ill th e a f ternoon her Ma j esty too k a drive. th e i r e Younger members of the Royal F amil y took ..0.. 118 ual exercise. 1/ 0v - dinner party this evening will incl ude her al Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady Augusta Earoness Speth, Lord James Murray , and Sir Landseer. Th OSBORNE, SEPT. 23 . e royal children take exercise and dr ives dail y in csro 4, 16 and park, and are quite well. of 4 Patches w e r e rece i v ed yesterday at the Colonial ee 4 04 1 from the Governors of Ceylon, Labua n, and the " American colonies. THE SUN, SIR ROBERT PEEL, HIS POR TRAITS, AND HIS PAINTERS. (From the Weekly Dispatch.) Many characters have been drawn of Sir Robert Peel, many pictures limned, many busts chiselled. Some of them bear a tolerable resemblance to what he seemed—not one of them present the least likeness to what he was. His nearest friends, his greatest and least discriminating admirers, never knew, or at all events never either disclosed or appreciated his most valuable qualities. Their worship consisted of the magnification into virtues of his most questionable or most trivial accomplishments; they missed entirely, they did not know of the existence of the higher ex cellencies which he really possessed. We ought not, therefore, to be surprised that art should miss the fea tures which friendship and reverence failed to discern ; or to feel disappointed that the painter should fail to characterize that which the politician or the statesman had only caricatured. In truth, friend and foe seemed resolved to spell him backwards—to turn him inside out—to misapprehend the significancy of his being— to take the husk for the kernel. We address many who never saw Sir Robert Peel. We warn them not to trust to any portrait, mental or physical, which is presented of him. Neither statue, minia ture, half-length, nor full, penetrate to the depths of his expression. They all indicate hardness, coldness, vain pride, worldly savoir faire. Lavater would have made no such mistake. There is a certain cat-like aspect given to his features, of which there was no trace in the original. There is a particular precision in the cutting of his face, and a certain Jemmy-ness in his aspect, attitude, and figure, in all the busts, statuettes, and engravings or paintings, which have been attempted (for nothing has been achieved) of him, which had no part in the original. The whole "cut of his jib" was that of a plain and thorough Englishman. He was neither a fop nor a sloven. His clothes hung somewhat loosely on him ; his hat slouched; his countenance thoughtful, if not abstracted; his gait slightly removed from shambling; his frame large, but not much filled up; his figure rather tall, and his limbs slender. Nothing was fur ther removed from pomposity or formality than his ordinary bearing, which was tinged only in the slightest degree with the apparent consciousness that his position required it as a duty, rather than that his individuality desired for himself that a certain plain and simple dignity should be transfused over his social at titude. His countenance—we think we see him now, we have the very man before us—had only to be read a little to be liked. It was least pleasing when engaged in the excitement of Parliamentary dialectics. But studied in its ordinary aspect, it expressed thought fulness, sincerity, refinement of nature rather than of culture, goodness of heart, an entire absence of the capability of malignity. And this was really the man's nature. We look back with astonishment at the total misreading of his whole character and ac tions which the bitterness of foes triturated upon the public mind, and the silence if not half acquiescence of friends left uncontradicted. As a father, a husband a neighbour, a friend, a private member of society, even as a political antagonist, it would be only a nig gard and grudging parsimony of speech which would stop at the epithet exemplary or praiseworthy. No son was ever more dutiful, no father was ever more affectionate, no husband was ever more devoted. He spared the public purse, but lavished his own on his relatives and friends. He never taunted, but he never imitated a nepotist. His charity and public-spirited liberality were only less remarkable than the studied privacy with which he "did good by stealth and blush'd to find it fame." His acts of generosity were betrayed to the pub lic by the impulsive and garrulous gratitude of the recipients—by the last letter of Hayden, and the irrepressible reverence of Wilderspin. His very love of art was another development of his love of humanity and of his country. He spent his money, not on picture dealers and dead masters, but on living artists, who were made comfortable by his pa tronage, and on English scenes, which were com memorated by his liberality. You cannot find a taunt, scarcely a sarcasm, in the whole of his volu minous utterance. Such was his mastery of debate, that he could afford to dispense with the use of all the offensive weapons of faction, and even in self-defence to use the shield without assistance from the dagger. In all that trying time, when friends grew cold, when the revengeful had a charter to he bitter, when enemies ceased to measure their malignity, and every art of rhetoric was turned upon that one object of the hatred of party, baited by wit, sarcasm, insinuation, ran corous bluster, rude jibe, and vulgar insult, it is im possible to conceive a spectacle more worthy of the veneration of mankind than the noble equanimity, the " patient merit," the self -commanding presence of mind which carried that great man through the most trying circumstances of an eventful life, with an imperturbability which was entirely removed from callousness, and a dignity which sought no assistance from pride, and which nothing but the consciousness of the sacrifices which patriotism and duty demanded could ever have sustained. Nothing but the sordid worldliness of the age could so long have suffered such a character to be so fatally misun derstood. We envy the grave its treasure, that it may sender back its tribute to show him that his countrymen in the main are worthy of him and of his sacrifices, by being at last, from the inherent virtues of their nature, fully alive to his own. The cant of editorship marked with what pomposity he delivered himself, and with how intense an egotism he exhausted the use of the personal pronoun. But this was the very excellence of his public character. He referred his policy to himself, because he alone was willing to take its full responsibilities. He was master of his Cabinet, and therefore it was that his administration was consistent. He left nothing to others, and there fore he had nothinr, to modify. His career was marked by no "murder of the i nn ocents." He ef fected everything he undertook, because he matured before he attempted to accomplish it. He was daunted by no difficulties about majorities. What was necessary for the ends of good government he adopted, and was ready to stand or fall by. He with drew no measures because he could not carry them. He "screwed his courage to the sticking ,place, and did not fail." Where M elbourne thought a po,litici " mad to attempt to rep eal the corn-laws," at the very time he declared they ought to be repealed, Peel insisted upon the attempt because it was un just to retain them. Everything about his acts, whatever may be said of his manner, was thorough, hearty, complete. If a tax was bad, he took it all off. If a criminal code was sanguinary, he made a sweep ing reform. If the Catholics were unjustly treated, he would not render justice by degrees and bits, but at once and altogether. If the nation was in debt, he would not put on a five per cent. or a ten per cent. a ddition to the burdens of the poor, hut go at once to property and income to pay it off. If a sliding scale was objectionable, he would have no fixed duty. His policy filled the imagination, and satisfied the un derstanding. There was no cobbling, tinkering, bit by-bit reform about it. Ile governed upon principinot es. He was a lawgiver , not a mere minister ; a ruler, the mere head of a department. He first set the ex ample of awarding patronage to merit and fitness of whatever party, and of hundreds of relatives, and bound less opportunities, not one of the former was quartered on the public, not one of the latter was abused to his own purposes. In a word, raised by his blameless life and towering abilities to the highest step in the ladder of power to which the constitution could elevate him, and by his personal character and solitary talents to the pinnacle of influence in social and public opinion, he died a commoner, was buried in private in the country churchyard of the family parish, and en joined in his will his wife and children to decline the acceptance of all the titles which royalty could bestow, as equally above his own estimate of his deserts, and below the greatness which has been awarded him by his country. Have we substituted an eulogy for an elegy—flat tered when we should have criticised, and engraved an e pit a ph when we should have sketc hed a life r of s we may—where a citizen ha s earned the gatitude his country by noble acts and great services, perhaps the heartiness of respect somewhat runs away with the lights and shadows of a more sober, if of a more parsimonious discrimination. The fact is, the world has overlooked the solid basis of this statesman's mind and soul, and caricatured his faults where it should have characterised his whole personality. Like all men who are tenacious of principles and deep in convictions, he was slow in perceiving and long in adopting them, because, with such a man opinions were not speculative, to be put up in pigeon-holes till they were wanted, but real and living, to be enforced when they were acknowledged. His was essentially a slow mind, without the intuitive quickness which marks most leaders ; and this accounts for the long resistance which he made to the admission of principles which ultimately formed the great features of his adminis tration. But he never went back. He never cooled down. Every step which he made was a step forward. All his progress was towards the light. He did not, like Pitt, begin life a Radical and end it a Legitimist 4113 Tory. Nor, when he put his hand to the plough, did he ever look back to the pleasant fields of ease. Ile was Lancashire bred; he carried its ascent to the last, likt!, his northern complexion, red, turning grizzled, and his northern strength of sense and practical sagacity. Had he lived—but he is dead — it is in vain to speculate—we can but conclude with the exprsssion of the universal feeling, that there is no moan whom England could have worse spared than the citiz , n whose loss been only not more sincerely than justly mourned. e iesty may 'QUEEN AT EDINBURGII. — Her kwx Peeled here eith er on or b e fore the 7th proxim o. Her Jest , bighs.. 5 stay here will probably not extend ove r a cou p le of Ivli et `,s and it i s extremely doubtful, we believe, as to ' 4 ' a l u e e v r_?r not her Majesty will hold either a drawi n g -room Scotsman. la tate l. JAMES'S PARK.—We (Times) are requested to °n authority that the only alterations contemplated ,ete e „ 4 , l ! :l e 4 's Park are those at 'present in actual progress of 'ace —l °n, viz., the enclosure present in actual progress of Viz., the enclosure of the forecourt of the la rieic,nd the formation of an esplanade in the Park in con: rubl i With a slight change in the boundary fence of th., t the e n d on the one side and of the Green Park . on tenu `,` l r- The railing to enclose the Palace now . w ill ex siqed4unut 70 feet in advance of the enclosure which sub the b reviousiy to the erection of the new eastern front ot portion of the ground within the present as t ,. ti 'hoarding' will be restored to the Park , inasm u ch Nvithi‘ n- thirds of the intended railing will occupy a line p r n t he hoarding. As regards the fences which are now 41110(14erill. Kress of removal, the formation of the intended espla , g,e to the public on one side of these fences . the the n , r Laken from the other. The arrangements NI Alin' ,' !nt rer ‘,-, that is, in the arden and in the Green Park) will tom change whate g ver. It is not intended to fill up any „,"t• .1 9— m " the water, or to form any ornamental garden in "rde a ri -- „ e3 Park, and the plan for the formation of such a Tts_"ever contemplated the exclusion of the public. 1 4 z o r Partisl strike of factory workers in Glasgow Y " tertunlated. EXTENCION OF THE SOUTII WALES RAILWAY. — The directors have been memorialized on this subject, but the answer has been to the effect that until the line between Gloucester and Chepstow be completal, they cannot take any steps for the constructing of the line from Swansea. This decision has caused great dissatisfaction in Carmarthen shire and Pembrokeshire. Proceedings have been threatened, should the directors ultimately refuse to accede to the wishes of the inhabitants. LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 24, 1850. the American Art Union to a private view of the ex hibition. The pictures honoured with her notice are all minutely &scribed. The party is then walked into an adjoining room, where they find a magnificent collation, a crowd of "fashionable ladies," and a host of officials with singular nameE+. Speeches ensue. Jenny Lind is enrolled a member amid a shower of compliments, and is with difficulty driven back through the crowd to her hotel. The near approach of the ticket auction, fixed for Saturday, creates in tense excitement. FIETII D.Y. Jenny Lind's personal appearance, her intellectual qualities, her religious sensibilities are now minutely , discussed, and fully appreciated. It is ascer tained by an immense comparison of observation; that she is not what is called beautiful, but a great deal better. The generous public had taken alarm at the prospect of her b3irig fleeced in the way of charity performances, but is now consoled at the thought that they help to make up that spi ritual ideal, in which consists her great charm. The press also makes the agreeable discovery that by its glowing descriptions of Jenny Lind it contributes to the same happy result. It is reported that the exist • ing engagement between Barnum and his fair protige is cancelled, and a new one substituted, by virtue of which Jenny Lind and Barnum are to divide the net profits—not only in the United States but all over the world—to the end of that lady's career. To obviate any momentary alarm this announcement may occa sion, we may as well mention that Mr. Barnum is a married man. The priz3 of 200 dollars for the best poem on Jenny Lind's - visit is now awarded to Mr. Bayard Taylor, out of 750 competitors. The other topics of Friday, are the foe simile of th e car d t o th e balcony, with directions to the bearer ; an indignant denial by Mr. Howard that he h a d b r ib e d Jenny Lind with 1,000 dolls., to put up at Irving's Hotel; more mon ster bouquets, multitudinou s visits by ladies and great functionaries, some adventures of Jenny Lind in quest of "a semible old horse ;" and speculations on the made in which she will pass next Sunday. SIXTH DAY. Saturday morning is occupied with anticipations of the auction to come off in that day. The policy of this price or that price, the produce of the sale, and the peculiar character of the musical world in New York, as compared with that of London, are discussed with financial vigour. The Weekly Herald, which has always been beating down the money value of Jenny Lind, while it cried up her talents and virtues, says that one dollar would be about the figure that would pay best, and reduces it to arithmetic. It now ap pears that the 750 disappointed competitors for the Jenny Lind prize are all deeply disgusted, and, what is worse, that Jenny is equally disgusted with the successful poem which she is expected to sing, and which is a fulsome eulogy of herself. The choice is declared to be a job. It was known before who was to have the prize, and the only merit cf the poem is in its adaptation to music. More bouquets. Jenny Lind's choice of a private secretary is announced, and we are told about him ' • as also th a t " s h e s p en d s to morrow with the Rev. Mr. Baird." SEVENTH DAY. Sunday is devoted to a review of the auction, the previous day. It was attended by 3,000 or 4,000 notwithstanding a heavy rain, and the unexpected imposition of one shilling a head for admission to the garden. Mr. Barnum and the auctioneer had much trouble to dispel some mystifications which rumour had raised. The latter took his stand in the very spot where Jenny Lind was to stand, and " pro ceeded to sell the first ticket, having the right to the first choice seat to the first concert of Jenny bind in America." After a tremendous competition, it was knocked down to a hatter, for 225 dolls., amid vociferous cheering. The next choice seats went at much less prices. The names of all the purchasers, the numbers of their tickets, and the sums given, are published at length, and would occupy two columns of this paper. We must be content with the results. On Saturday there well?, sold 1,429 tickets, at the average price of 6 dolls. 38.:, amounting to 9,1191 dolls. EIGIITH DAY. The hatter's reasons forgiving 225 dolls. for the first ticket, and his expressed determination to give 500 dolls. if necessary, occupy the attention of New York, to the exclusion of all other topics, and even Jenny Lind is forgotten. As he lived next door to Barnum's Museum, many people thought it a juggle; but that does not account for rive others bidding against him. The place selected by the hatter was by no means a good cne, being directly under Jenny Lind, and one next to it only went for 10 dolls. " There is a better solution for the mystery," says the Weekly Herald, " than to charge it to Peter Funk." What do our readers sup • pose that to be ? They remember, probably, the hat ter immortalized by Carlyle, for sending about the town a monster hat, with his name and address un der it. It now appears that Mr. Genie's object was the same. His ticket will he worth 1,000 dulls. to him, he says. There were others alive to its value. Three of the five unsuccessful competitors were patent medi cine vendors. The name of Genin now stands before us at the heal of the most portentous list of names ever published in America. He intends, it is said, to follow up the idea on the night of the concert, by sitting in the front of the audience with an immense hat suspended over his head. NINTH D Av. Monday began with the adjourned auction, when 3,055 tickets were sold for 15,319 dolls. The event of the day, however, was the first rehearsal, on which we will not venture at present, only observing that Jenny Lind seems to have created quite as much enthusiasm as in her first debiat in the British me tropolis. • • TENTII DAY. On Tuesday was the second rehearsal, " when the great northern luminary of song," vv,s are told, " " was still more successf u l th an on the previous day ; being, as the reporter explains, entirely satisfied with the building, the audience, and herself. " A curious incident occurred, when she was commencing the Casts diva.' She had not got through half a-dozen notes when a gun was heard. She immediately stopped and laughed. She went on again, and then the roar of another gun brought her to a complete halt, when she could not retrain from laughing a se cond time. She had to give it up. It turned out to be the firing of the 100 guns from the Battery, in ce lebration of the admission o f California into the sisterhood of States. During the firing, two or three wreaths of the smoke from the guns were borne right over Castle-garden, and had a very pretty effect. When she was informed of the cause of the interrup tion, she said it was to her a very agreeable inter ruption, as it was for the good of the country." Here we must break off. The results of the first public concert, which was to take place 011 the Wednesday, we have yet to learn.—Times. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY ELECTION. CAMBRIDGE, SEPT. 23.—The following; is a Copy of a letter which has been this day addressed by the Rev. F. W. Harper, M.A., to the Rev. the Master of Clare Hall, in reply to the letter bearing the Master's signature, which appeared in the London journals of this morning : " Cambridge, Sept. 23. " Rev. Sir,—Your letter of the 21st instant is based on the supposition that Mr. Cowling has been opposed from hostility to a particular college. Allow me, therefore, to point out to.you— " 1. That, of our seventeen colleges, fourteen have contributed to Mr. Wigram's committee, from tl - .0 lists of their resident Fellows ; ten from those of their college officers. " 2. That, exclusive of his own college, Mr. Cow ling's committee contains resident Fellows of only three colleges, and but three college officers. " Are you, sir, prepared to say that the general tone and temper of our University are such as to leave these facts reconcilable with your supposition ? " On the absence from Mr. Cowling's committee list of certain influential names I forbear to dwell. '! Bath at public meetings and in private conver sation I have had abundant means of becoming ac quainted with the feeling of Mr. \Vigram's supporters. And lam satisfied that a large majority of them would have preferred that Mr. Law's place should have been filled by a member of St. John's. " I have the honour to be, reverend sir, "Your faithful servant, "F. \YUALEY 1 lARPPR (late Fellow of St. John's College). " The Master of Clare Hall." Mr. P. 11. Frere, M.A., F e ll ow an d T u t o r of Downing College, and Mr. 11. L ttham, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Trinity have been added to Mr. Wigram's committee. TLIE NEW NAVAL NOVEL, "SINGLETON FONTENOT," by James Hannay, Esq , is published this day by Mr. Cul burn, and may now be had at all the Libraries. Also, now ready, 2. The Luttrells; or, The Two Marriages, by Folke stone Williams, Esq. 3. Claude, by 31i.7s Maleswerth. 4. Petticoat G ,vernment, by Mrs. Trollope. 5. Our County, by John Mills, E , q. G. Adelaide Lindsay, edited by the author of Emilia Wyndhain. 7. A Spcond Edition of " Regi nald Ihstings," by Eliot Warburton, Esq. U. La Vendee, an Historical Romance, by A. Trollope, Esq. Also, just ready, " Light and Darkness," by Mrs Catherine Crowe, author of "The Night S ide of Nature," Bz., 3 vols. FOREIGN CATTLE. —A qeam•ship, named the Tiger, which has been just placed on the station for the con veyance of foreign cattle to this country, has brought 226 head of oxen and cows a nd 10 she ep from Tonningen, being the largest arrival of the kind which has taken place the pro. duce of Denmark. The steam-ship Adonis, which simulta neously arrived from Bremen, brought 193 head of oxen and cows, and 56 sheep of Hanseatic produce; and the ship Wil berforce, from Tonningen, 204 head of oxen and cows, form ing the entire cargo, of Danish produce. Such large arrivals of cattle from Denmark and the Hanseatic port of Bremen, besides the regular arrivals of the same nature from Ham burgh, are a most important feature in the supplies of the kind now taking place from abroad. Hop-picking will commence in the RAford district in a few days. The crop i 9, in both qua lity an d quantity, superior te that we have had fur some y ears p as t.— Shejfidd Times. JENNY LIND'S RECEPTION IN AMERICA. There is a shrine fur some divinity or other in every human heart. In this respect the Americans are made pretty much like the rest of us. They have not much reverence for a Sovereign, or a Lord, or even for a Pope. In fact, their political engage ments have rather cut them out of the old-fashioned circles. But set them once free, try them on a little new ground, and their innate loyalty will come out as strong as their own rivers and falls. Jenny bind, after flitting about Europe as free as a lark, jilting Queens, suitors, and opera lessees, has lighted on the New World, and made it her own. The Caribs were not more awe-struck at the landing of Columbus than the Yankees at the advent of Jenny Lind. Our own countrymen were mad enough in all conscience, considering that of the multitudes who raved about Jenny, not one in ten had heard a note of her voice ; and though she sang for charities, she certainly did not sing to " the million." The Americans, however, beat us out and out in the pitch of their devotion, before a soul of them has seen her. It is already their belief, as expressed by one of the soberest of their journals, that " she has been raised up by the Great Spirit to make the rest of the world humble, while they adore His power." There is always a certain relation between the worshipper and the wor shipped, and the most entranced homage will occa sionally betray the contemplation of self. In the present instance the prostrate multitude cannot help being proud of their city, of their visitor, of themselves, and of their own singular good taste. " The Swedish Nightingale, the soul of song, has at length arrived in the Empire City of the great republic of the New World, and her welcome has been cordial and enthu ' siastic in proportion to her fame, and that intuitive instinct by which the people of New York never fail to recognise and appreciate heroism, goodness, or genius." In this Pantheon of greatnesses, which is most admired, and which stands on the principal pedestal—the Nightingale, the Empire City, the great republic, the New World, the people of New York, or the abstract excellencies that wind up the sentence ? Need we hesitate for an answer ? They are all in proportion to one another, and the beauty of Jenny Liud consists in her being of a piece with New York. Our readers are already acquainted with the splendour of Jenny Lind's reception ; the desertion of the churches—for it was Sunday; the assemblage of the population on the shore ; the triumphal arches ; the myriads of eyes fixed on the Atlantic, as she steamed up the river; the meeting of Jenny Lind and Barnum, with the brief but important interchanges of sentiment that ensued ; the rush of the eager multitude through the dock yard gates ; the progress to Irving-house ; the gorgeous apartments prepared for the " Nightin gale ;" her admiration of the scenery, of the stripes and stars, of the respectability of the mob, of the comfortable niggers, of the airs, " Hail Co lumbia" and " Yankee Doodle," and of everything that she heard or saw. As we have to epitomize the proceedings of ten days, each of which would fill several columns of this paper, we are forced most reluctantly to omit heaps of the most interesting and picturesque details. It is, however, satisfactory to know that everything is recorded, and if future ages should wish to realize these events they will not have to draw on their imagination, or to be content with these few scanty sentences in which the fate of dynasties and empires have sometimes been recorded. Not a word, not a smile, not a downcast look, not a choking of the utterance, not a flourish of the handkerchief or wave of the hand, not a pink riband has been omitted from the history of the first moment ous day, from the instant when Jenny Lind was re vealed to the 'cute gaze of the American world by her proximity to Barnum on the deck of the steamer, up to the witching hour of midnight, when, after a sere nade of two hundred musicians and the whole popula tion of New York, and a tremendous long address by the committee of the Musical Fund Society, " the de putation having conversed a few moments with Jenny Lind and Mr. Barnum then withdrew, and the Night ingale retired to her downy rest." We assure our readers that we have cut the first day very short in deed. We have left out incidents enough to fill an orthodox novel in 3 vols., duodecimo. There are nine days before us, so, adopting the conspicuous arrange ment in the New York papers, we will proceed at once to the SECOND DAY. On Monday morning the whole population of New York had come to the conclusion " that there was no humbug abcut Jenny Lind, and that she was a dia mond of the first water." They flocked to the hotel, hoping to get a sight of her, and as it rained very hard, they filled its halls and passages, the resident company of the hotel being already not far from a thousand. At 12 o'clock the proprietor conducted Jenny Lind to the ladies' dining-room, and in troduced her to the lady of Commodore Stocton and 500 ladies, each of whom she shook by the hand. At 2 she was driven, with no little difficulty, through the crowd, to inspect the Jenny Lind Hall, the Tabernacle, Niblo's Garden, and Barnum's Museum. Castle-garden, received a more particular examination. By the evening Mrs. and Miss Barnum had been telegraphed up from Connecticut. Presents now poured in from all quarters, as also tickets for fancy balls, &c. Mr. Beede took the measure of her head for a riding hat. Certain intended visits were postponed, and the public press urge Jenny Lind not "to take Monday as a specimen of their glorious autumn." The papers are full of discussions on the price and sale of the tickets and the chances of Mr. I3arnum's success, almost everybody in New York having a difkrent opinion as to the proper scale of prices. " The choice seats," it was known, " would be auctioned." Another pecuniary topic of great interest was the furniture of Jenny Lind's suite of rooms, made expressly for the occasion, which must have cost at least 6,000 dolls. It now transpired that Jenny Lind had with her a middle-aged cousin (Mademoiselle Ahmason), who, with Mr. Benedict, took care of her affairs. "So much for Jenny Lind's second dey in New York." THIRD DSIr. " The Castle-garden has been taken by Barnum !" The whole city was in ecstacy at the news. The Castle-garden will hold 8,000 persons, and as it will, of course, pay better at 3 dollars a ticket than a room less than half the size at double the price, it would evidently be Barnum's interest to give all his 150 concerts at New York as long as the room filled. Everybody's chance of hearing was so much the better, and, as Jenny Lind had no interest in the receipts, the choice of this room was a new proof of her good ness. The requisite alterations in the room are now minutely discussed, whether to assist the voice, or to prevent a crush. Barnum is beset with splendid offers from Toronto, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and other cities south and west. The crowd before frving-house continues night and day. A perpetual stream of bouquets and other " elegant tokens of esteem " pour in, and Jenny Lind begins to be aghast at the frightful debt of gratitude she is incurring. She asks at least to see her nume rous benefactors, or to be excused receiving their pre sents. The charitable institutions are early in the field preferring their claims. In the afternoon Jenny Lind drove out with Mr. Benedict; and it was surmised that their object must be to look out for a quieter place than Irving Hotel—much as she was pleased with Mr. Howard and his splendid establish ment. At all events, they called at the York Hotel. On her return from her drive, she dined at the public table at half-past three, where she and the company were delighted with cne another. What Jenny Lind did after dinner does not immediately transpire, but the gap is filled up with Mr. Barnutn's present of a service of plate to Mr. Wilton, the agent who effected the engagement. It was to be seen at Tenney's, in Broad way. FounTH DAY. " The first question you are asked in the streets is, ' Have you seen the Nightingale ?' Never was there such a furore about a woman before—at least not since the time of the Trojan war." Jenny Lind is " another Joan of Arc;" she has taken the city by storm. " From morn till dewy eve the Irving-house was crowded with human beings, within and with out, and the steam-boats and railway trains are loaded with passengers coming to this metropolis to see the Swede." " Even the clergy and bishops are running to see her." Dr. Cummings, a splendid orator on the slavery question, has already been at her with some school-girls and a six-dollar bouquet. Of course, he expects a concert for his school. "At twelve o'clock Bbhop Hughes paid his devoirs, and laid on the ft ittering unction in the most delicate manner. Jenny Lind felt highly honoured with a visit from so distinguished a churchman." "Next came Major Woodhall, to tender the en chantress the welcome of the city of New York, and then proceeded to shower compliments on Made moiselle. He said —We have heard Melibran and other singers, but we all know you are the Queen of Song.' "Jenny Lind (interrupting him)--You frighten me. Every body frightens me wiie too much praise. I fear I shall never come up to the expectations farmed of me. I have been spoiled with flattery twice before, and I fear I shall he spoiled again. " Mayor—We know That 3 . 0 u are accustomed ,to this, and that it cannot injure you. We think you woi thy of it. "Jenny Lind—No; it is always new to me. I cannot accustom myself to it. There is too much friendship shown me. lam full of imperfections, and if you continue to flatter me in this way I shall trem ble when I come to sing. "It was quite evident," says the Weekly Herald, from which we quote this edifying conversation, "that Miss Lind, who is made of a mould peculiarly sensitive and susceptible of applause, was overwhelmed with the praises lavished upon her by the two distin guished individuals who had thus visited her in suc cession. Her cheek was mantled with blushes." Miss Lind was then visited by about 400 ladies, after which she was carried off by the President of THE FINANCIAL REFORM ASSOCIATION. TAXES LEVIED FllOll THE YEAR 991 'FO 1399. A summary of the taxes levied in England, so far as recorded in history, presents us with some curious and instructive facts. The Danegelt was levied first in the reign of Ethel dred II ; in 991, 10,0001 ; in 999, 30,000/. ' • in 1003, 36,0001.; in 1012, 43,0001. These sums failed in their purpose ; the Danes returned to, and remained in England; the English King left the country, to the grief of his subjects, Afterwards, 1014, he re turned, to their great joy; but he began to tax them for his own avarice, and incited them to indignation, and almost to a preference of the Danes. 1017. Canute, the Dane, was king. He exacted a sum of 100,0001. in one year, to pay his Danish troops. In 1018, 82,0001. was raised, whereof the land-tax paid by the city of London was 11,0001. 1039. A heavy tax, " which rendered King Harold unpopular." No further particulars. 1040. Hardicanute, a Dane, was king. A heavy tax was imposed to defray the expenses of the Danish fleet. 1041. A second tax, amounting to 29,0291, and another to 11,0481., which occasioned an insurrectien in Worcestershire, and the collectors (November 12) were killed. The county laid waste by the king as a punishment. 1051. The Danegelt, after having been paid for 38 years, and which formed a considerable part of the royal revenue, was remitted by dward the Con fesßor, who was now king. Harold, the successor of she Confessor, is not men tioned in connexion with taxes. William 1., the Conqueror, successor of Harold, became sovereign in 1066 ; died 1087. He held, as crown lands, 1,422 manors, besides many farms and lands in Middlesex, Shropshire, and Rutlandshire. He laid waste the country for an extent of 30 miles in Hampshire as a hunting-ground, and called it the New Forest. His fixed annual income, exclusive of fines, escheats, reliefs, and other casual profits, was computed at 400,0001. A pound in that age con tained three times the weight of silver that it does now, and the same weight of silver would then pur chase near ten times more of the necessaries of life. His revenue, therefore, was equal to nine or ten mil lions of present money. He had neither fleet nor army to support; the former being only an occa sional expense, and the latter was formed and sup ported by his military vassals. The Danegelt was re-imposed by him in 1068. 'William Rufus, was king from 1087 to 1100. In 1089 a new survey of England was made, and heavy taxes imposed, which created great disturbances. Another in 1093 ; all in addition to the enormous crown property. Henry I. was king from 1100 to 1135. In the sixth year of his reign he set a sum upon every , parish church, and compelled the incumbent to re deem his church. He had, also, during his whole reign, a tax of 12d. upon every hide (140 acres) of land. In 1107, at the height of his popularity, he re vived the odious tax of Danegelt, and was hated for it to the end of his reign. In 1109 he imposed a tax of 3s. upon every hide of land for the marriage of his daughter Matilda, and raised 824,0001. as her portion; the royal power became odious in consequence. Stephen was king from 1135 to 1154. Civil war all the while ; there was no regular taxation ; but the contending parties, Stephen and the Empress Maud (the Matilda whose marriage cost so much in the former reign) maintained themselves by the plun der of each other's tenants. Henry 11. was king from 1154 to 1189. In 1159 a war arose between England and France about the town of Toulouse. It was to purchase exemption from this expedition to Toulouse that the holders of land by military tenure first compounded for a scu tage (pecuniary tax). The invasion of Ireland in this reign, the murder of Thomas A'Becket, Arch bishop of Canterbury (for which Henry submitted to corporal punishment), the quarrels and conspiracies about that questionable lady, Fair Rosamond, led to the imposition of many taxes. For the first time we find " moveablea," as well as land, to have been taxed. In the last year of this reign a tax was raised, for the crusade, of a" tenth of all rents and moveables." Richard I. was king from 1189 to 1199. He was crowned at Westminster, Sept. 3, when the Jews who came to pay the presents expected of them were murdered and their houses plundered ; so at Norwich, Lincoln, and York ; at the latter place they cut their own throats rather than yieli. The king was privy to those atrocities. He sold nearly all the crown lands to prepare for the crusade, and said that, if he could find a purchaser, he would sell London itself. In the first year of his reign there was levied a scutage of 10s. fur every knight's fee. In the second, towards the expenses to the Holy Land, two saddle horses and two sumpter (baggage carrying) horses were taken from every city ; of every abbey one saddle and one sutnpter horse ; the same of every of the Kings and the abbey manors. For his ransom, in 1193, every kinght's fee paid 205.; the laity a fourth of all rents ; some clergy the same; and a tenth of the rents of all other clergy; also all the gold and silver of the churches, and all the wool of that year belonging to Cistercian monks and the order of Semplingham. His other taxes, after being ransomed, were 2s. from every plough land, paid by the husbandman or occupiers. For his expedition to Normandy, May 12, 1194, a third part of every knight's fee; and all the wool of the Cister cians was demanded, but they compounded and paid money. In April, 1196, there were sedition and riots in London, "on account of the taxes," headed by William Fitzosbert ; the ringleaders executed. In this year one million of marks were raised, but it is not recorded how ; also an aid of five shillings for every plough-land. Earls, barons, and knights paid for liberty of tournament. Great sums were also raised by seizures, fines on renewal of charters, and sale of the demesne lands. John was king from 1199 to 1216. A scutage of two marks on every knight's fee ; the same for license to stay at home from the expedition to France. A seventh part of' all the goods of earls and barons who left him in France. 1204, Parliament grante - 1 a scutage of 24 marks on every knight's fee. This was the first time the right of voting supplies was conceded to Parliament. In 1205, John levied vast sums upon the earls and barons who refused to follow him beyond sea. 1207, he took a thirteenth part of all moveables from laymen and ecclesiastics. 1216, he levied upon the abbeys and monasteries 149,0001. In 1214, three marks from every knight's fee who was not with him in France. Henry 111. was king from 1216 to 1272. In 1224, 2s. granted on every plough-land by Parliament, and a 15th on all moveables, on condition of a renewal of the Magna Charta, signel by the late King John. It is to be, observed that now, when the barons had the privilege of voting taxes, they inclined to lay them on plough-lands—on the occupying or industrial inte rest, and on moveables rather than on their own estates. 1226, a 15th levied on the clergy; 5,000 marks paid by the city of London ; 1,230 bishops and abbots gave large sums ; the Je Ns a third of their treasure and effects. 1231, a scutage of three marks on every knight's fee. 1232 a 40th part of all move'ihles. 1235, a 30th of moveables, and two marks for every plough-land. 1237, a 30th of all move ables. 1242, three marks on every knight's fee. 1244, 20e. on every knight's fee for marriages of king's daughter; a 10th of all ecclesiastical revenues for three years ; the nobility and knights, three marks on every k n i g ht' s f ee , f or re li e f o f the Holy Land. 1251, three years tenth of all church ,reve nues. 1254, a 20th part of lay revenues granted by Parliament. Some other levies not recorded. Edward I. was king from 1272 to 1307. In 1284 an important Act passed, which secured the trans mission of estates through different generations of the same family (became the law of entail and primo geniture), though the object of the barons was only to secure their own reversionary rights by narrowing the power of alienation or escheat to the crown ;on failure of heirs, Next year, 1285, the charter of London City taken away, because the Mayor, George Bacooksby, gave license to bakers to sell bread short of weight ; the charter restored on pay ment of heavy fines to the King. May 2, 1286, the Jews were all seized by order of the King, who ex torted large sums of money from them, to the amount of 12,000 pounds weight of silver. In 1290 subinfeud ation prohibited ; that is, the creation of new manors by inferior lords. To this day no manorial claim is legal if it did not exist before 1290. 1297, the clergy refusing to grant the King taxes for his wars with the Scots and French, he seized their lay fees (lands), whereupon they submitted and granted a fifth of their goods. From the twenty-second year of this reign, 1294, there has been a continuous succession of Par liaments down to the present time, and by a law made August 1, 1297, as an addition to Magna Charta, it was enacted that no taxes should be levied without consent of the knights, citizens, and burgesses as sembled in Parliament. The taxes leaded after this law were (1297) an eighth of the laity, a tenth of the clergy ; 1301, a fifteenth of the laity (all in laud); 1302, a fifteenth of all moveables; 1304, a tollage of the cities and boroughs by poll, and a fifteenth of all lend ; 1305, the thirtieth penny cif all moveables ; 1306 fir the knightage of the King's son, the clergy and laity granted a thirtieth of their moveables, and the tenants in demesne (the industrial working tenen's) a twentieth. The statute of mortmain passed in this reign, which prevented the clergy taking bequests of lands from dying persons, which had been done to a great extent, as a price for a promi,ed absolution. Taxes were also, for the first time, levied in this reign (so far as we know) for the institution of a London police watch. Hedges were ordered to be cut on the way side, as a part of the same measure, the more readily to (-xp3se the concealment of robbers: Edward 11. was king from 1307 to 1327. First year the laity gave a twentieth of moveables; second year a twenty-fifth ; seventh year, a twentieth ; eighth year, a twentieth. In the ninth, the citizens, bur gesles, and tenants of the ancient- demesne gave a fif teenth (of land). In the fifteenth year a tenth from the clergy, nobles, and knights, and a sixth from citizens, burgesses, and tenants in demesne (the working tenants). Edward 111. was king from 1327 to 1377. This was a warlike reign; but it was otherwise remark able. Tne power of the Pope was absolute, and the English Parliament for the first time alleged "that the exactions of his Holiness were a greater source of impoverishment than the wars ; that the taxes levied by him exceeded five times those levied by the King." John Wickliffe fanned this insubordination to a flame. In 1346, Edward, by proclamation, com pelled every owner of land to furnish horsemen and archers in proportion to his estate. This was for the expedition to France, famous in history for the battle of Cressy seige of Calais, heroism of his son, the Black Prince, &e. Edward required, also, a certain sum of money for every city and borough. The Commons petitioned the King against this ordinance, on the ground that it had been issued without their consent. The King replied that it was a measure of necessity ; but the Commons repeated their objection, and were so urgent in their remonstrance that the King pro mised this ordinance should not form a precedent for future exactions. Fifteenths or tenths (of land) were granted almost every year after the wars with France and Scotland began. 1340, the tenth sheaf of corn, tenth fleece of wool, and tenth lamb were granted, besides 30,000 sacks of wool. 1341, the ninth sheaf, fleece, and lamb. 1363, in addition to fifteenths and tenths of land, a grant of 20s. for every sack of wool, and for every 300 wool fells exported ; and 403. for every last of leather. In 1970, 435. 41. upon every sack of wool, and 41. on every last of leather exported, besides the usual revenue of tenths and fifteenths of land. 1372, a subsidy of 50,0001, raised on every parish proportionably, computed at 51. 16s. each pa rish, on an average (e land tax). 1373, Parliament granted 25. on every tun of wine, and 6d. in the pound for all merchandise, in oonsideration of the protection of merchant ships and foreign trade. This, so far as is now known, was the original of tonnage and pound age. In 1377 a poll-tax of 41 on every head above 14 years of age was granted. Parliament disco's tented, because " Alice Piers wasted the King's mo ney." They caused her to be removed from court, but her fascination was stronger than the Parliament, and she returned. "Lawyers, being a mean sort of people," were forbidden to sit in this Parliament. Hitherto an Act of Parliament was in shape of a pe tition to the King ; if granted, the petition was co• pied and deposited in Chancery; but the clerks, often altering them in copying to suit the King, unknown to the Commons, the latter now insiste_d:that the copies should be made while they were in session, and read to them aloud. Their imperfect knowledge of finan cial statistics was exemplified in the teex granted by them in 1371. It was an aid of 50,0001., to be raised by a levy of 235. 3d. on each parish, they supposing the number of parishes to be about 45,000. It was found they did not amount to more than one-fifth of that number, and that only one-fifth of the tax was raised. To remedy this, a new Parliament was sum moned in June, which fixed the assessment at Si. 16s. Richard 11. was king from 1377 to 1399. The taxes of this reign were the usual revenues from land, 15the and half-15ths on wool, wool fells (skins with wool on), and leather, exported ; 3s. on the tun of wine, and per pound value of merchandise im ported in 1387 ; the same was granted next year. In 1394 the same was granted for three years. But the most memorable tax of this reign was a poll-tax in 1379, upon which arose Wat Tyler's rebellion. The scale was as follows : £ E. d. A duke or archbishop .. G 13 4 A justiez of either bench, or the Chief Baron . A bishop, earl, earl's widow, or the Mayor 5 0 0 of London ..... . A baron, banneret, knight, equal in estate to a banneret, their widows, aldermen of London, mayors of great towns, and sergeants-at-law ... A knight, esquire, or great merchant .. 1 0 0 4 0 0 . . v A sufficient merchant •• An esquire or attorney-at-law Others of less estate .. A married labourer . 0 0 4 A single man or woman .. Clergymen paid, according to their benefices, from 40s. to 23. Monks and nuns paid according to the value of the houses to which they belonged, 401, 203., 121., or 4d. The unpopularity of this poll-tax, and the insur rection which followed, have been often quoted as arguments against direct taxation, and as evidence in favour of indirect taxes, which peop!ki submit to pay because they do not know how heavy or how disproportionate their share of such taxes is. But it is a mistake to attribute the insurrection of 1381 to that poll-tax, or the insurrection in C'/ion in 1848 to Lord Torrington's poll-tax, as diroa taxes. L ird Torrington's tax was as., or one week's labour, value 35., from every man, rich or poor. One week's in come from himself would have been 1921. 6s. 21. ; the week's income from all other highly paid men would have been in proportion, instead of three shil lings. This was much worse, than the poll-tax of `Vat Tyler's time ; but it had another element of re volt in it—the Cingalese priesthood were held liable to psy ik in money, or perform the week's labour— by their religion they must neither touch work nor possess property. It was to them perdition to submit to that tax. Lord Torrington had one of them, as a warning to the rest, executed in sacerdotal vestments. Other enormities followed, which a Committee of Parliament has been inquiring into for two years. Extraordinary disclosures are said to have resulted ; but, whatever they may be, the association take this opportunity of protesting against the allegation that it was an attempt to.enforce direct taxation in Ceylon in 1848, which led to the rebellion there. Nor is it true that it was direct taxation, as has been alleged, that led to \Vat Tyler's insurrection in England in 1281. Indecent violence was offered to Walter's daughter, the tax-gatherer alleging she was over 14, and liable to the tax. The tyler (he was " Walter the Tyler) took his hammer and struck the tax-gatherer dead. The crowd justified him. A multitude gathered into the town of Dept ford, where he resided, and all their grievances be • came the subject of discussion. By far the worst of these were the taxes payable to the lords of the manors, who prohibited the carriage of goods or pas sage of travellers across the manors except under heavy tolls. The multitude, said to have been gathered in Kent and Essex, but chiefly in Kent, was inspired it by one John Ball, an enthusiast preacher, and by " Jack Straw," a more sensible person than some historians admit. Their leading cry was, " When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gen tleman ?" They committed many outrages i❑ and about London, killed the nobles, •and burned their palaces, but were at last subdued. They began in May ; on the 2d of July, 1,500 of them were hanged, among whom were Jack Straw and Ball'the preacher. The tyler was killed by Walworth, mayor of London, in Smithfield. Some days before, the King had ap pointed that place for an interview with the rebels. Walter spoke as became a man (so sa7 some) ; Wal worth called him " insolent," and stabbed him with a dagger. The tyler died, the mob were dispersed, Walworth was knighted, and the dagger and bloody hand were added as emblems of honour to the escut cheon of the city of London, where they still remain. Ma. LAYARD'S LATEST DISCOYERIES. -- A few weeks ago we announced (says the Literary Gazete) Mr. Layard's return front his expedition into the desert, and the rescue of some of his larger ausiquities from the mud of Cie raver, and their embarkation for England. We have since, however, received further particulars of his most recent dis coveries at Koyunjitr, which are extremely interesting. He found, as has been stated, a chamber which is completely tilled with terracotta tablets, the inscriptions on which, we now learn, are stamped in, so that though Major Rawlinson thinks it very probable these tablets may be records of the empire, ' it is still not unlikely that many of them may, in fact, be duplicates of, or a collection of, manifestos for issuing to the people or their immediate niters—in short, a sort of Assyrian official printing-office. We believe that no fewer than 25 cases are on their way to England. In the pyramid at Nimroud, also, a unique statue has been discovered. It is from four to five feet in height, in gypsum, elaborately carved and very perfect. There is also a high relief of the King, very beautifully executed, standing in an arch eight feet high, and covered with minute inscriptions. Mr. Lavard's last communication is dated Akre, Jalv 17, where, we are sorry to say, he had been confined by a severe attack of fever. The inefficient assistance 'he has received has caused him to over exert himself; and thus he has been stopped for awhile on his way to Van to secure inscriptiens. He hopes to pass great part of the winter in Babylonia, and to return home in the spring. The very important discoveries he is new making render it imperatively necessary that his exer tions should not be stayed for want of funds. HIGHWAY RATES.—According to an Act of Par liament passed last month, an Act authorising thheapplica tion of highway- ra t es t o wards turnpike-roads, sh would have ended at the end of the presen!, month, is now con tinued for another year. _ _ ANOTHER FIRE AT THE " MARK-LAPIN EXPIRNSS" On/ex.—Last night, about twenty minutes to nine o'clock, a second•fire broke out at the " Mark-lane Express"-office, in Norfolk-street, Strand. Since the occurrence of the fire that took place lately in the same office a strict survey of the premises has taken place. Previous to closing last night, cn proceeding to examine a back room on the second floor used as a waste-paper depot, a cupboard was discovered to be in flames. An immediate alarm was given, and the palish engine being almost immediately in attendance, the fire was confined to the place in which it broke out, a large amount of paper being consumed. The room in which the fire oc • curred is immediately over the spot in which the former out break Wok place. THE FIRM IN MARK-LANE.—Even as late as ten o'clock last night an immense body • of fire remained in the ruins of the premises destroyed on Thursday morning last, in Hark lane. The surveyors to the several fire offices are still actively enggged in endeavouring to find out the amounts for which the dinrent insurance companies are liable, but owing to the multiplicity of floating policies held by the different merchants, nothing approximating to the precise sums can yet be gleaned. The cattle dealers and farmers of Glasgow are de vising measures to establish a new cattle market beyond the bounds of the municipality. u 3, , -1, i . , I NAVAL INTELLIGEN k C .. ? \:=.- - 3 : 1. - !'". C - .--.- , PLYMOUTH, SATURDAY.—The s t eam - ves i, - , ::_. fiance and Avon, with Mr. Mills, Assistant a Attendant, some seamen riggers and storesigniNdv im to-day for Pembroke, to navigate the Martin brig to' ii • s w this port. Tte St. George, 120, has been remGved from the jetty to the Endymion bulk, to complete her armament and stores. The Virago steamer went round the Eddystone on iVednc-sday to try her engines. On the_ arrival of the Bellerophon, 78, Captain Baynes, from the Mediterranean, she will be paid off in Barn Pool, and be placed in charge of officers and hands from the Impregnable until recommis sioned. /.'~~; Lord John Hay, Commodore-Superintendent of the Dockyard, went on leave of absence on Wednes day ; and Lieutenant Warren, Flag-Lieutenant, on Thursday. The government of the yard devolves ad interim, on Mr. Henderson, Master-Attendant. Miss Dolling, daughter of the late Captain W. B. Dolling, R.N. ' and sist e r o f Li eutenant Dolling, her majesty's brig Nautilus, wasPfound drowned at Bo visand-bay on Friday. The unfortunate lady is supposed to have lost her life in an effort to save that of a favourite dog. Mr. Manning (boatswain) and Mr. James Watson (carpenter), of the Agincourt, have been superan nuated—the former on 851., and the latter on 751. per annum. Mr. Keene, passenger by the John Calvin, which left this port for California on the 23d January last, writes as follows, under date 21st of April, from Stanley Town, Falkland Islands :—" A schooner has just entered this harbour laden with Government stores for the use of the colony, and has let us know she will take letters. My last to you was by the On tario, and we have only spoken one ship since, which proved an American, hailed her and asked where she was bound. The skipper answered ' California, last from Boston, carrying only freight, no passengers ; name, Lowell.' We kept company exactly one week ; we spoke her on the Sunday, and left her on the Sunday following, steer ing our course for New-bay, on the coast of Patago nia, where the captain intended to water; but in the sequel his attempt proved a total failure, and had nigh cost us dear. We reached New-bay on the 7th of April ; the captain knew nothing of this bay, except what be read in his guide-book, which stated it to be a fine place for watering, &c. The person who wrote the directions never saw the place, or know ingly penned a wicked deception. After a minute search no water could be found. As we were obliged to stop until next day before vae could weigh anchor, a dozen of us, by the captain's permission, rowed to the land of the giants. I never saw a country so bar ren : nothing but sand; not a tree nor a drop of water. I enclose a seed-pod and leaf which I picked from a shrub, as a remembrance of Patagonia. After leaving New-bay we steered for the Falkland Islands, which we made on the 13th inst. (April). It was touch and go' with us after making the land, for we had not been able to take any ob servation for three days, on account of foggy weather, and there remained only a chance of two courses—to get into a port or be wrecked, for we were off a lee shore, the wind a gale, and night com ing on. The captain managed his ship beautifully; took her through a narrow strait, not more than a third of a mile wide, and anchored safely in Stanley harbour, with Stanley Town on our larboard side. This town consists of a few wooden and mud houses, with 200 inhabitants, who do nothing but smoke and drink, and are as independent as men of high fortune in our old civilization. The land is exceedingly boggy: springs are found at every step; and it is really a fine place for ships to water at ; but as for culture of any kind, it is impossible. As soon as the seed is up, it is, they say, cut down by the southerly winds which are always blowing hard; they cannot even grow a cabbage, and all their vegetable food is im ported from England or America. The inhabitants are mostly pensioners, supported by Government ; it is, in short, a wretched place, and though we have been nearly three months at sea, I shall he glad to be off again, for the weather is cold, bleak, and damp on shore. IVe expect to leave the day after to-morrow, and then, ho ! for California." PROMOTION. WoorAsictr, SEPT. 23.—Lieutenant Henry Baker (1846), who has been Lieutenant-Commander of the Kestrel brigantine, on the south-er.st coast of the American station, since the 30th of May, 1847, is pro moted to the rank of Commander. APPOINTMENTS. Chief-Engineer James Brown, to the Hecate steam sloop, at Portsmouth. Mate Henry M. Douglas (1850), to the Hecate. A!-sistiint-Eligineer s Samuel Stepham, Thomas Cole!, and Charles Mackay, to the Hecate. Midshipman Lionel Lambert, to the Retribution steam-frigate, at Portsmouth. Master's-Asistant Charles Guy, to the Hecate. Clerk Thomas Tilfer, to the Victory, flig-ship at Portsmouth. Naval Cadet K. H. A. Brainwaring, to the Port land, .50, at Devonport. COLONIAL RAIL WAYS. (From the Sydney ( New South Wales) Advocate, May 4, 1850.) PROSSER'S LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE. It was wiql much satisfaction that we witnessed his Excellency the Governor, and the Colonial Secretary, inspecting the principle and action of Prosser's guide wheels, on the model engine at the Royal Hotel. We trust that what they saw will induce them to institute an investigation as to its adaptation as a tractive poker on exclusively wooden railways. We have perused the pamphlet published in England, and the correspondence betwixt Earl Grey and Mr. Prosser respecting the, at that time, contemplated introduc tion of wooden railways into this colony, by means of English capital, advanced on certain terms pro posed by the parties who interested themselves in the formation of a company, and are favourably im pressed with the apparent utility of the invention. Respecting the durability of wooden rails made of Colonial timber, when travelled over by an engine fitted with Proser's guide-wheels, there cannot be two opinions, and the very great saving to the company in the expenditure for iron plating would recommend its adoption, provided the terms of the patentee were cor ropondingly liberal. Earl Grey's promises to support their intro action to the utmost of his power affOrds sufficient security that the guarantee of the Colonial Government to the Sydney Railway Company will be promptly confirmed. There can be no question that the land applied for and reserved will be at once handed over to the company, and we are glad to per ceive that a sum equal to the amount required by the Act to enable the railway to be commenced will speedily be lodged in- the Colonial Treasury. IRELAND. NNCUMBEILED ESTATES. DUBLIN, McecDAY.—Twenty-four petitions for the sale of estates have been lodged in the Encumbered Commission Court during the week ending on the 17th instant, including cne from the trustees of the late Earl of Blessington, making a total of 1,229. SALE OF THE ESTATES OF TFIE MARQUIS OF DONE GAL.—Last week I called attention to the projected sale, in the kncutubered Court, of some of the estates of one of the chief proprietors in Ulster, upon which mortgages had been accumulating foi a long period. The case to which I than alluded was that of the Marquis of Donegal, who is the owner of the fee of the greater part of the laads upon which the pros perous, commercial, and manufacturing city of Belfast has arisen. I have learned that Mr. Turner, of London, the petitioning creditor, is a claimant to the amount of 120,0001., and that the encumbrances affecting these estates altogether are 180,0001. The rent-roll —not a nominal but a bona fide one—is 29,0001: a year, which, i❑ real value at this moment, is far more than doubts the amount of the debts. It is state , ' that the Belfast estate, worth about 6,0001. a year, and the Donegal estate, about the same yearly value (12,0001, for both), will be sold, in order to pay off all encumbrances and charges of sale, &c., thus . leaving the splendid Antrim estate, with a clear rental of 17,000/. a year, tot lily unencumbered, for the Noble Marquis and his family.—Chronicle. THE BEOtreillAM " FORAY."—The recent struggle in the river Eamont continues to be the sole topic of conver sation in Penrith. Discussions on the merits of the case are now the order of the day. The anti-anglers are stubborn in their opinion that the watchers will have to sweat for their attempt on the netters. Complaints for an assault have been laid in the name of old John Robson, of Eamont Bridge, against seven of the watchers, dnd five informations have been laid by the other party against the netters, for netting with a net the mesh of which was illegal. All the men who have been in the habit of making a living by netting are of course on Lord Brougham's side. They drink his health with loud cheers, call him the finest fellow in Europe, and make their boast that he has now become one of their sup porters. They are confident that his Lordship will annihilate the Angling Association—that he will order all the spiles to be taken up half way across the river, as far as Dlr. Tufton's liberties extend ; and already in perspective they see the free-trade principle applied to the rivers, and John de Pen rith flying over the hills, leaving them " in calm possession" of their newly acquired. rights. On the other hand, the anglers are equally proud of their position. They have made a hold stroke at high game. The informations are laid. Ptiblic opinion is on their side; and should the complaint against them for an assault be made out, the ma gistrates can but inflict the penalty. They therefore know the worst, and a•e determined to fight the battle manfully. It is a question of right against might, and • the pubii3 are anxiously awaiting the result. There has not been such a stir in Penrith since the navvy riot.—Kendal Mercury. DEATH or Cor.. J. Ross WRIGHT, R.E.—Ort the 20th inst. this cfiicer died, at Teddington, after a long illness, aged 75. Cc;lonel Wright served in the expedition to the Helder, the strong fort of which town was taken by the English troops in September, 1799. The Little Western steamer arrived at London Bridge-wharf yesterday afternoon at three o'clock, making the passage from Ramsgate in five hours, and calling at the different piers.