The Sun. — London, England, 1868-02-20 00:00:00

SPIRO! OP TUB PUBLIC JOVLUAIAS, At length, says the Times, we have had a church rate debate in which almost everybody has been of the same mind. Only one or two members of very extreme or of very immovable principles refused to join in the general harmony. This happy result is, indeed, simply the ac knowledgment of a fact which has been perfectly apparent luring the last few years. That fact is, as Mr. Gladstone said, that " the principle of church rates " has been prac tically surrendered on all sides. No one seriously proposes to enforce the principle that every member of the com munity is liable for the maintenance of the fabric of the church. The principle may be right or wrong, but it is "onfessed to be impracticable. One exception must be made, perhaps, if it be worth while to mention it. Mr. rewdegate conceived the idea of converting what is practically a voluntary rate upon persons into a compulsory charge upon property, which would, of course, fall upon persons in the end. He irenans, in fact, that Dissenters would be content that the grievaneJ should be substantially aggravated, provided it wt re inflicted with less personal annoyAnce. With the excuption, all were agreed, in some way or other, to surrender the compute; .ry powers of the existing, law—in other words, to preclude for the future the possi bility of ary man having to sacrifice his tables and chairs in the name of conscience, and consequently to remove the occasion of a bitter party fight between the clergyfflan and li.s Dissenting parishioners. There remained only a differ ence respecting the way of doing it. The Conservatives long ago proposed, says Mr. Hardy, to exempt anyone from payment on his declaring himself a Dissenter, and accepting some consequent disqualifications. This scheme under various forms has been renewed every session, and has of late been promoted by Mr. Hubbard and the party with which he acts. It was properly objected to this plan that it stamped Dissenters as a distinct party in the parish. Mr. Bright, again, had suggested that all that was neces sary was to abolish the bailiff and the summons, leaving everything else as it stands ; or to abolish what was obnoxious in the existing law, and nothing more. This idea caught the attention of Mr. Gladstone two years ago, and he has since been endeavouring to put it into a prac tical shape. There is every reason to hope that he has at last succeeded. The authors of the other proposals, Mr. New igate of course excepted, are disposed to waive their meas - -es in favour of his. Mr. Hardcastle withholds for them ment his proposal for total abolition, and Mr. Hub bard ;od the Government are alike ready to accept Mr. Glade r ,ne's scheme as the basis of a settlement, into which any sl ;cial provisions they may think desirable may be aftery Irds introduced. - - It i - not likely, says the Herald, that any such solution as .t proposed by Lord Russell with regard to the Irish Chu ..11 would put an end to the strife of parties in Ireland. It f; far short of the programme of Cardinal Cullen and the Limerick separationists on the one hand, and on the otl ,r it would evoke the indignant remonstrance and re • ,anee of the Protestants throughout the kingdom. The a sument which is advanced for the destruction of the rish Establishment and the spoliation of its revenues might be applied, with almost equal fitness, to the Church of England on a future occasion. Considering the rate at which Roman Catholicism and Dissent are progressing in this country, the argument as to numbers is one of those two edged.weapons which should be very warily handled. Moreover, Lord Russell's proposition involves this special grievance in the case of Ireland, that under the pretence of removing a fancied grievance it creates a real one, and that it gratifies Roman Catholic jealousy at the expense of Protestant money and Protestant scruples. A Church supported by the contributions of its own members can hardly be a grievance to outsiders, but to appropriate five or six-eighths of its revenues to the endowment of a hostile Church is surely a manifest wrong. And it is none the less patent because it is inflicted upon that section of the Irish people which is conspicuously loyal to the Crown, in order to conciliate another section, the allegiance and fidelity of which are certainly not above suspicion. The Standard discusses Mr. Mill's Irish land scheme. The general purport of Mr. Mill's argument, cleared of the passion and prejudice with which it is clothed, is that Ireland must be governed, not as England is governed, but upon Irish principles and according to Irish ideas. The excuse that there is one law for both countries is not only no excuse for the English, but a proof and an aggravation 9f their incapacity for ruling Ireland. Among the Irish ideas is, that the land is the property, not of the rent re ceiver, but of the cultivator. "In the moral feelings o' the Irish people the right to hold the land goes, as it did in the beginning, with the right to till it." The landlords arc an excrescence and a burden upon the land. Such being the prevailing Irish idea, England is abused for not comprehending it, and for not legislating according to its spirit. Before making any apology for England, in iniquitously and basely insisting upon treating the Irish as though they were English, it may be remarked that Mr. Mill himself is untrue to bis own theory of a sound government for Ireland in the very pro posal which he makes—the only tangible remedy of any kind which is offere 1 in relief of the monstrous wrongs which he recites. He has proved a gi - at deal too much for his own case. For if it is necessary tllitt we should govern Ireland accordirg to Irish principles, and if one of those pr ncipei is that he who cultivates the land is its real own .r, it is clear that Mr. Mill's scheme of a kind of general copyhold system of land tenure will not meet the required conditions. If the Irish right is to be iiiterprete 1 i i the Irish sense--that is, in the Irish tenant's sens 3— then we must not only give fixity of tenure, L '; we must yield absolute property. There is nothing to shew that a system of copyholds is in accordance with Irish ideas ; it is quite certain that it would be no remedy for Irish dis affection. It is not for the privilege of paying rent in perpetuity that the tenants are agitating, if they are agitating at all ; but it is the immunity from all payment that they desire. The deputation to Mr. Gladstone on the subject of trades unionism has not, in the opinion of the Pose, thrown any new light on the matter. The organisation and action of trades unions, in their character of a Power assuming to control, and actually controlling, the free development of capital and the free employment of labour, whether by him who seeks to engage it or by him who possesses it and desires to take it to market, still remains a difficulty to be dealt with. If demand and supply, and supply and demand could be so perfectly adjusted that they exactly dovetailed and were exactly equivalent at all times, the problem would be solved and trades unions would be dispersed. There would be no such things as commercial speculations, manufacturers would have no ups and downs, accounts might be kept in accord with perfectly logical ideas, as Mr. Chadwick phrases it ; the streets would be paved with gold, and the ducks would fiy about ready roasted—not crying " Come eat me," but scientifically silent, as knowing that the demand would exactly, and without pressure or advertise ment, absorb the supply. But we have not come to that yet ; and till we do we fear it will be found necessary that the country shall insist upon Nix. Potter and his friends substituting simple combination for complex unionism. In dealing with the case of Crossley v. Elworthy, the Daily News observes that the proceeding illustrate only too well other defects in commercial practice besides the mode of cheating by false directors' reports. The cheating was here so gross that the most moderate degree of care would have discovered it. What were the other directors about that they made no examination? What were the auditors about that they made no comment? One of them, indeed, we perceive, has been already served with a writ for passing the accounts. But, finally, what were the shareholders about that they made no inquiry, or were satis fied with stupidly false answers ? How often must the lesson be taught that there is no way in the world of making safe and large profits without even the trouble of superintendence ? Twelve and a-half per cent. covered all blunders and blinded the recipients - to all frauds. Perhaps some lurking suspicion that it was not really earned may have crossed the minds of some, but if SJ it was dismissed as too uncomfortable. The rest simply accepted the bribe to make no inquiry. into their own affairs. It is this blind and greedy confidence that encourages the frauds of mfulaging. directors. Let us hope that a sufficiently fre quent petition of th e l esson will at last cause it to be learned. When people have become satisfied that ruin in stead of wealth is the probable consequence of entire neg lect of the ordinary rules of prudence, British trade will grow sounder, and then British credit may be expected to revive. t:l3y.could take I rmoved bt dent] Discretion is the better part of valour ; but discretion, says the Telegraph, may he so far as to leave no room for the display An excess of prudence is likely to be ascribed to the rowing members of the Univer sity of Cambridge. After having r offer challenge accepted, to their Oxford competito r s , and havi ng had the captains of the college boats who compose the club the approaching con have thought fit, to withdraw from i t tile Gordon, who test on the plea of the death of the was to have been a prominent member o f crew. Now, in so far as ta resolution thus a dopted represents the genuine and heartfeltgreenirieestileZeYd by the untimely fate of that unfortunate can have no word to say against it. Only those gentleman, are acquainted with the intimate ties of friendship that con nect men rowing in the same crews, can fully appreciate the shock which the melancholy death of the gallant yout,, ,'airman must have caused to his comrades an Z fellow athletes. We cannot weeder if, in the tir,t _ ~f ‹orrow, Mr. ijordori's friends should feel as if t in a . contest from which he was et further reflection will pr..iethly second thoughts- are best. The ;lit Blue cannot seriously believe f!ieni,Ave.-t, or , ::I)eet the v. - odd to berevo, that beer , nso Mr. Gordon died in Fel , ruary their depression of mind v.-:!1 b..• too gr;Nit to allow them to row in April. If the university race is to be kept up as a per" anent institution, its continuity should be maintained at some sacrifice. Moreover, the aquatic honour of Cambridge is at stake. For many years past the representatives of the Cam have been . defeated by the heroes of the Isis ; and it is matter o: common notoriety that this year was expo, ted to add another to the well-earned triumphs of Oxford. Serious difficulties have been experienced in composir g a Cam bridge crew which could enter for the great Thames struggle with any chance of success • and the p. blic, with 1 - . , 3 rough, but not unfair, judgment:will assured y as.iime that Mr. Gordon's death been been seized on at a prete t fc,r escaping from inevitable defeat. THE ADVANCE INTO ABYSSINIA. The letters received from Abyssinia bring us intorrnation from Senaf4 up to the 2nd inst. All, or nearly all the great difficulties encountered at the .outset of the expedi tion seem to have been surmounted. The first considera tion is the route. There is now an admirable road through the Sooroo Pass. The huge boulders which bestrode the narrow pathway, like Apollyon, frowning down contemp tuous defiance upon the pigmy pilgrims who dared dispute the pass with them, and looking as immoveable as the moun tains they garrisoned, have disappeared as if by magic or miracle. The Raraguddy defile, and the steep ascent ap proaching Senaft, are now as practicable for all the purposes of the expedition as any turnpike road. In the matterof sup plies, also, the greatest difficultie4 have been overcome. Norton's pumps, although somewhat delicate, have worked admirably, and in addition to these there is now one at Mayen, of Bastier's, which supplies 700 gallons in an hour, and is worked for fourteen hours a day. Beyond Sonde the troops seem to be drawing ample sup plies from the country. Thousands of sheep and cattle can be purchased in the country through which the a rmy will have to pass ; hay is now brought in by the Abyssinians, or cut by the native followers in such quanti ties as to supply, not only Senaf6, but Raraguddy and Tindal Wells besides ; and the officer in command of the Scinde Horse at Focada can buy four times as much grain daily as his horses require. LATEST FROM THE CAPTIVES.-THEODORE. There are letters from the Magdala captives dated De cember 31, an 1 enclosing also a letter from one of the cap tives with Theodore, but they still contain only the same old story, with very slight variations. Somebody is still engaged in " watching" Theodore—a military manoeuvre which bids fair to become famous in Abyssinian tactics. Theodore is within two days' march, according to the map, of Magdala, but, nevertheless, is not expected to reach it, unless he abandons his mortars and heavy baggage, for two months. The stories about his proceedings are as strange as ever—too strange almost for invention. He is still carrying out with a vengeance his last theory, that he has a mission from God to scourge the wicked nation which refused to let itself be reformed under his gentle guidance. He sum moned his chief followers around him the other day, told them that they had better destroy him, as otherwise ha should destroy them, and then launched his spear through the body of the nearest. The rest, says the story, threw themselves down and kissed the ground. He does not spare even his own picked soldiers, and if a tithe of what is told of him be true, he is almost without a precedent in history. Other tyrants have made the nobles, the people, and the soldiery by turns their victims ; but Theodore makes war upon them all at onbe, and is hated °illy less than he is feared. FAIR NEAR SENAFE. The Daily News correspondent describes a fair which is held every Thursday, about six miles from Senafd, at which several hundred Abyssinians collect, bringing for sale various kinds of grain, pottery, plaids of goats' wool; bullocks, and occasionally a female slave or two. "The fair," says the writer, "when I visited it, had more than an average show of pottery, plaids, and Abyssinians, but the out-turn of bullocks and grain was very scanty indeed, the commissariat having bought up the whole at six times the rates that formerly ruled at Tigr6. There was not, from one end of the hillside to the other, one sir gle sign of prosperity, or even plenty ; and the sword and spear which almost every one carried explained the reason why. They have yet to learn the use and value of money; the absurd prices demanded for the most trifling articles shew that the ideas prevailing regarrd • ins dollars are such as to preclude the possibility of their deriving much advantage from the possession of them. One thing must be said to the credit of the Abyssinians— though there were several hundreds collected there, each following his own inclinations unchecked, it was the most orderly and quiet assemblage I have witnessed for a long time. Half the number of - Hindoos or Parsecs would have made twenty times the din ; half-a-dozen fat Bhattias in the Bombay share market would gabble two hundred Abyssinians into shame and confusion. THE DEANI OF COLONEL DTJNIT. The expeditionary force and the service at large have sustained a heavy loss by the death of Colonel Dunn, V.C., commanding H.M.'s 33rd Foot. The gallant officer went out on the 25th ult. in quest of guinea fowl and other game with which some parts of the plateau abounded, and his gun, which had an exceedingly fine trigger, went off acci dentally while he was drinking, the charge lodging in his breast and shoulder. Being accompanied only by a native servant, assistance could not be rendered ; but, from the nature of the injuries received, the best assistance would have been of no avail. .As the coveted decorations he wore chew, Colonel Dunn had seen service, and been distinguished for valour beyond most others. He served as a lieutenant in the 11th Hussars in the Eastern cam paign of 1854, including Alma, Balaclava, Inkerman, and the siege of Subastopol, for which he received the war medal and clasps, the Turkish medal, and the Victoria Cross. The deceased officer was greatly liked by all who knew him, and by none more than by the regiment he commanded. WHAT WILL HE DO WITH THE CAPTIVES Six hundred of the Magdala garrison had gone out to assist in bringing in Theodore's heavy baggage, which would now be a task of no great difficulty. The letters and messages forwarded from time to time to the captives by the King have invariably been couched in most affec tionate terms, but no reference whatever has been made to the expedition, of the approach of which he cannot but be well aware. This reticence on the subject, which must of all others occupy his mind, is undoubtedly a piece of deep-laid policy on Theodore's part ; though it is impossible to say what its signification may be. Mr. Rassam has' received no intimation, however faint, of what Theodore's intentions regarding him and his fellows are, but it seems to be the general impression that, after making a short stay at Magdala to set his house in order, he will take them all with him into the Gallas country, or away to punish the Lasta and Begemder rebels. Should he do so, the pursuit would not be a difficult matter ; for with an army, a cumbrous piece of ordnance, and a number of valuable prisoners to drag along with him, his progress would be but slow. There is, of course, the risk that, madman as he is at certain moments, he may in a drunken fit vent his fury on the captives, and provide for his own safety by flight ; or the rains, about the times and seasons of which nobody knows anything definite, may come upon us, and compel the cessation of all operations for a few months—a con tingency the result of which we can only dimly conjecture. Certain it is that if the rainy season is at all protracted, the army would have to but ; tents, which are but slight protection against the sun by day and the cold by night, would be utterly useless to ward off heavy rains. Prepara tions are already being made to meet this contingency, not only at Senaf6, but also in the Pass, where the dangers would be more varied and difficult to cope with. The Sooroo Pass, for instance, where the road lies right in the bottom of the river bed, and which all authorities agree would be a torrent on the slightest provocation, will, if possible, be dispensed with ; and surveying operations are now, or shortly will be, in progress to discover some other safer route between Koomaylee and Undal Wells. Even if the object of the expedition is accomplished before the advent of the rains, it seems impossible that the army could be moved out of the country before that time. A VALUABLE ACCESSION. The Times correspondent writes :—" The force has just received a valuable addition in the person of Lieutenant Speedy, late of the 31st, who, at Sir Stafford Northcote's request, has come from Australia. There was a deplorable dearth of interpreters of any kind, and Lieutenant Speedy, in addition to the advantage of being an Englishman and a military man, knows Abyssinia and the language well. He was in Theodore's army in about the year 1861 as a Basha Fellaka,' whatever this high - sounding title may mean. Theodore had not then committed any of the excesses of cruelty or caprice in which he has since indulged. But the extra ordinary change which has since come over his character was just commencing, and Lieutenant Speedy did not get away from Abyssinia in time to avoid grave risk of impri sonment, and only escaping, indeed, by threatening to cut down a royal messenger sent to arrest him, and then going himself to tell the King that apparently ' some mistake had been made.' Luckily, the Imperial humour had changed, and Theodoi e punished the luckless messenger, but let the Englishman go free." It is an echo from the Clubs that the Military Train will be at once created a non-purchase corps. SUICIDE FRO'f THE CRYSTAL PALACE TOWER. A Young, man of fair complexion, of probably some sft. Gin. in height, and about 20 years of age, applied at the turn-table at the base of the tower to be allowed to go up, and put down a pennr and a threepenny-piece. The boy in charge asked the visitor if he would take a copy of the " Guide to the Palace," as the charge for mounting the tower is but one penny. The young man took up his money, told the boa he did not want the book, and passed upstairs. At about 5.30 the body of the youth was seen to fall from the gallery of the tower by another visitor. The body fell near the blacksmith's shop, and only a few feet from the base of the tower. On searching the body a Church Service was found upon it, the gift of a person whose name was not very intelligibly written, to Thomas Lee, which, it is believed, was the name of the unhappy youth who has so terribly destroyed his own life. The face is still recognisable, but the body is much mutilated. THE SUN, LONDON, Til URSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 20, 1868, SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. LINCOLN SPRING MEETING.-WEDNESDAY. The Blankney Stakes of 15 sous each, 5 ft, with 60 added; two year olds Gst 91b, three 9st ; mares and geldings allowed 31b. Brocklesby Stakes Course. _ _ _ Mr. Jos. Dawson's De Vere, by St. Albans—Apricot, 2 yrs, Est 91b (Jeffrey 1 Mr. T. V. Morgan's Electricity, 2 yrs, 6st 61b (Butler 2 Mr. R. Walker's Catton, 3 yrs, 9 st (Kenyon 3 _ _ The following also ran:—Viridior, Lady Diana, Re sistance, and Woful. Betting-2 to 1 agst De Vere, sto 2 agst Electricity, and sto 1 agst Catton. Won by a head. Match-100 sous. Half a mile. Duke of Newcastle's Ninny, by St.Albans—Nina, 3 yrs, Bst 71b Mr. Chaplin's Delium, 4 yrs, Bst 101 b Paid The City Handicap of 5 sovs each, with 50 added Six furlongs. Mr. H. Savile's Reindeer, by Mountain Deer - Sultana, aged, 7st 71b (Maidment) 1 Mr. W. F. Easier's Lady Zetland, 3 yrs, sst 111 b (inc. 31b extra) (W. Platt) 2 Mr. R. H. Jones's Skylark, aged, 7st lllb (Elibberd) 3 The following also ran :—Artesian, Ulphus, Narino, Sweet Anne, Ainsloy, Despair, Le Perte Fresnel, Peggy, Warrior, Valorous, Hopleaf, Derweut, Mars, and Queen of Italy. Betting - 5 to 1 agst Ulphus, 6 to 1 agst Reindeer, 10 to 1 agst Artesian, 8 to 1 agst Warrior, 100 to 12 agst Valor oue, 10 to 1 agst Lady Zetland, 100 to 8 agst Aiusley. Won by two lengths. The All-aged Selling Stakes of 5 soya each, with 30 added ; two- year olds 7st, three 9st, four 9st 91b, five and up wards lOst. Brocklesby Stakes Course. Sir F. Johnstone's c by Marsyas—Guile-2 yrs, 7st (T. Sadler) tw.o. Mr. Price's Cater, 3 yrs, 9st (Parry) t Mr. York's Fire Ball, 2 yrs, 6st 111 b (Johnston) _3 The following also ran : —Carolina, Camerita, Hispa niola, Lady Alleash, and Van Dieman. Betting-5 to 2 agst the Guile colt, 3to 1 agst Vat. Dieman, 6to 1 agst Fire Bell, and 100 to 15 each agst Camerita and Cater. Dead heat. Deciding heat : The Guile colt walked over, Cater having been found to be lame after the race. The Lincoln Club Cup of 200 sous, for two year olds; cults, Bst 101 b; fillies and geldings, Bst 71b. Brocklesby Stakes Course. Mr. C. Rayner, jun.'s, colt by Glenmasson—Cicada, Bst 101 b Mr. Beadmau's Sing of the Rovers, Bst 101b...(Clement) 2 Duke of New&stle's Lure, Bst 71b (Daley) 3 The following also ran :—Gitano, Sister to Veda, Number Nip, Little Doody, The Rajah, Adolphus, and Workman. Betting-100 to 30 agst Number Nip, 4 to 1 agst the Cicada colt, 6 to 1 each agst Lure and Sister to Veda, 7 to 1 agst King of the Rovers, 10 to 1 each agst Rajah and Workman. Won by a head. The Scurry Handicap of 5 sovs each, with 25 added, fur all ages ; a winner after the weights are published 71b extra. Brocklesby Stakes Course. Sir F. J ohnstone's Di Vernon, by Young Melbourne— Chase 3 yrs, 6st 71b (car. Est Plb ...(Kenyon 1 Mr. Bevill's B ene volence, 3 yrs, Est 111 b (Butler 2 Mr. Pryor's Claymore , 4 y rs, Bst 71b .....(11. Covey 3 The following also ran :—Maid Marian, Ninny, Miss Camerine, Veni, Delium, Redivivus, Traviata, Festival, and Butterfly filly. Betting-10 0 to 30 agst Di Vernon, 40 to 1 agst Clay more, 6 to 1 agst Benevolence, 7 to 1 agst Festival, 10 to 1 agst Delium. Won by a neck. The Grand Steeplechase (handicap) of 10 sovs each, 5 ft, and only 3 if declared, with 100 added ; winners of a steeplechase of 100 soya after the weights are published 81b, twiJe or 200 1211 i extra; the second to save his stake. Four miles. 40 subs.. Mr. H. Owen's The Doctor, by the Cure—Margaret of Anjou, aged, list 31b (G. Holman) 1 Mr. Chaplin's Emperor 111., aged lit 31b (Mr. Goodman) 2 Mr. T. Gough's Meanwood, aged, 12st 71b. (Page) 3 The following also ran:—Bridegroom, Wings of the Wind, Fly by Night, Effie, Diana, and Bosco. Betting-6 to 4 agst The Doctor, 6to 1 agst Mean wood, 8 to 1 agst the Emperor, 10 to 1 each agst Diana and Effie . Won in a canter by three lengths. Match. —lOO h ft. One Mile. Sir F. Johnstone's Historian, by Stockwell—Alma, aged, Bst 71b (Parry) 1 Mr S. Thelluson's Leases, 4 yrs, Bst 71b (Fordhatn) 2 The betting opened at 5 to 4 on Historian, and closed at 11 to 10 on Leases. A splendid race, the old one winning by a head. The Juvenile Selling Stakes of 5 soya each, with 4 , added, for two year olds ; colts Bst 101 b, fillies and geldings Bst 71b ; the winner to be sold for 50 sovs. Brocklesby Stakes course. Mr. T. Jennings's Mons. Louis, by Nutbourne—Mdllo da Champigny, B st 101 b (Grimshaw) 1 Mr. Hodgman's Brother to Venomous, Bst 71b Fordham) 2 Mr. York's Fire Bell, Bst 71b (H. Covey) 3 Sleeping Beauty and Hispaniola also ran. Betting-2 to 1 agst Brother to Venomous, sto 2 agst Monsieur Louis, 6to 1 agst Hispaniola. Won by a length and a half. The Full Cry Steeplechase Stakes of 5 sovs each,f,with 50 added ; four year olds list 21b, five 12st, six and aged 12st 71b ; half-breds allowed 41b; about 4 miles. Mr. Llewellen's Zinganee, by Zouave, 6 yrs, list 121 b (Mr. Wilmot) 1 Mr. Welfitt's Barbarian (h b), 5 yrs, list 51b (Mr. Richardson) 2 Mr. J. J. Clark's Lord of the Vale (h b), 6 yrs, 12st 31b (Mr. Brockton) 3 The following also ran :—Diver (late Peter), The Nor man, Violin, Ben Bolt, Reginald, Brocklesby. Mr. Wellitt declared to win with Brocklesby. Betting-6 to 4 agst Brocklesby, 4to 1 agst Reginald, 6to 1 agst Zinganee, and 10 to 1 agst Barbarian. Won by a head. THE GREAT WATERLOO CUP. FIRST ROUND. Mr. W. Barden us Hawk beat Hon. 0. 0. Molyneux ns - Symphony (3). Mr. J. Bake ns Royal Seal beat Mr. G. F. Wise ns What's the Tip ? Mr. Randell ns Cock Robin beat Mr. C. E. Marileet ns Trifle. Mr. J. lagleby ns Innkeeper beat Mr. B. H. Jones ns Just Coming. Mr. J. Savage ns Crumbs beat Mr. S. Mallabey us Bethel. Mr. J. Jardine us Patent Lever beat Mr. R. Patterson ns Peer of the Realm. Mr. W. G. Borron ns Belzoni beat Mr. J. Cunningham ns Bedlamite. Lord Stair ns Strange Idea beat Dr. Richardson ,ns Tak' Tent. Mr. F. Bartholomew ns Dreadnought beat Sir C. Moly. neux na Mallet. Mr. S. Swinburne ns Stonewall Jackson beat Mr. F. Johnston ns Jesuitess. Mr. J. Dunlop of Julia beat Mr. J. Hodson ns Saucebox. Capt. Vyners ns Ventre St. Gris beat Mr. J. Russell ns Spy Girl (2 drawn). Mr. T. Neville ns Sunbeam beat Mr. R. Williams ns Dark Rhitornella. Mr. T. Green ns Gipsy Jack beat Mr. T. J. Reed ns Tees Maid. Mr. W. Deighton us Wellington beat Mr. J. Johnston ns Justitia. M r . C. S. Lister ns Charming May beat Mr. Hyslop us Ebony. Mr. W. Long ns Sir John beat Colonel Goodlake ns Moss Trooper. Mr. W. M. Gilmour ns Ghillie Callum beat Lord Garlies us Great Go. Lord Grey de Wilton ns Peruvian boat Mr. W. H. Dean us Weasel. Mr. W. H. Massey ns Master Ivo beat Mr. J. Evans ns Royal Letters. Mr. W. J. Legh nsLobeliabeat Capt. Wyndham us Bishop of Oxford. Mr. N. Saxton ns Christmas Day beat Mr. E. Croft us Champion (2). M. G. Blanshard ns Bab-at-the-Bowater beat Mr. E. W. Trinder us Whiz and Fiz. Lord Eglinton ns Fanatic beat Mr. S. Smyth ns Callirhoe. Lord Lurgan ns Master M'Grath beat Mr. J. Blackstock ns Belle of Scotland. Sir Robert Peel ns Kalista beat Mr. J. F. Armistead ns Attila. Mr. J. S. Bland ns Letitia beat Mr. J. Gibson's Ronald (1). Mr. W. H. Clark's Marionette beat Mr. C. F. Allison's Abyssinian. . Mr. R. Jardino's Improver beat Mr. Blundritt's Action. Mr. Brocklebank's Brigade beat Mr. J. Spinks ns Jane Anne. Mr. Haywood's Rustic Charms beat Mr. J. H. Blundell us Crossfell. Mr. A. Graham's Gelachossa beat Lord Sefton's Spiced Ale. Royal Seal beat Hawk. Cock Robin beat Innkeeper. Patent Lever beat Crumbs (1). Belzoni beat Strange Idea. Stonewall Jackson beat Dreadnought (1). Ventre St. Gris beat Julia. Gipsy Jack beat Sunbeam (1). Charming May beat Wellington. Ghillie Callum beat Sir John. Peruvian beat Master Ivo. Lobelia beat Christmas Day (1). Bab-at-the-Bowster beat Fanatic. Master M'Grath beat Kalista. Marionette beat Letitia. Brigade beat Improver. Rustic Charms beat Gelachossa. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's is difficult to determine which is the more trying. to health —intense cold or excessive heat, though everybody knows that sudden transitions from the one to the other teem with disease, which may in most instances be staved off by an early resort to these purifying, regulating, and strengthen ing pills. This well known and highly esteemed medicine affords a safe and easy remedy for almost every constitu tional wrong which climates, changes, or dietetic woes can engender, and effectually removes any weakness sel indulgent habits may have induced. In all conditions o• the ssl disease, lu s y y ese s se t , e r u va i nie l c L.i r r be d lse e t r le i i n sus g nbee o s ti ges,tHtiugo losv ic ap a ci tr ys I b i i piipl a rp p er a co t iv l a t te y e , eds l l both E.ouud and aka. tain degree, show confidence ; but faith has lately been much shaken in all the other securities in America, as well as in Europe, and men who know they are treading on dangerous ground are not deterred, feeling confident, that however perilous for others, their keen intelligence will enable them to back out at the proper time. In London, there were thousands in 1865 who knew that the majority of the joint-stock companies, in whose shares they dealt, were rubbish, but trusted to their information to make a gain, out of what to others might be ruinous loss. The true policy is to fund the National Debt in interminable gold-bearing bonds, and thus finally to dispose of a subject that has done so much within the last few months to injure the credit of the United States, which Senator SHERMAN consider can be settled by the adoption of a Bill converting Five-Twenties into a long loan bearing 4i to 5 per cent. interest in gold. The loss to the holders of Five- Twenties has already been enormous, for had this question not been discussed, there is no other Govern ment Security that would have advanced so rapidly in the late rise. It is not creditable to the United States that the richest of all countries, the one with incomparably the greatest future--the one whose debt bears the smallest proportion to its ability to pay—should be quoted so :low. —Anglo-Amer ican 7 iines. DETERIORATION IN AMERICAN MANNERS. There is a paper in the Galaxy on deterioration in American manners. " Nothing is surer," the re viewer asserts, "or it would seem more manifest than that during the last twenty years our manners and the tone of our society have suffered a great and wide-spread deterioration. Americans are to-day less courteous than their fathers were, less deferen tial to age: nd weakness, less careful in the sup pression of selfishness, coarser in their pleasures, more grossly material in all their views of life." The Nation takes up and controverts this assertion. It argues that this is alleged against a generation which begins to talk of protecting the weakness of woman by giving her an equal share with man in the government of the State, which was led by a desire of protecting weakness to emancipate millions of slaves, which, from humanitarian motives as much as from motives of policy, begins to abolish capital punishment, and treats its criminals with a tenderness of kindness. Taking amusements in New England, the Nation asserts that the last gene ration had rum and no theatres, "the average young man ev& within twelve miles of Boston chased a greased pig on Thanksgiving morning, skated or slid down hill' in the winter. In summer at tended a church pic-nic, went fishing now and then, and on the Fourth of July fired at' a mark, or went to the city to see the fireworks. The average young woman went to an occa sional quilting party, an occasional husking, an occasional sleigh. ride, perhaps to a dance.' ro meeting she and her brother of course went regu larly ; the evening meeting was perhaps some thing in the way of amusement, and was by no means a purely devotional exercise. Her suc cessor goes in pretty regularly to Messrs. Williams and Everett's exhibition rooms or to De Vries and Ibarra's ; each winter she attends a course of lyceum lectures ; she sees Booth in Ituy Blas' and ' Hamlet ;' she probably has a piano ; she reads some of the books in a tolerable public library. Her brother's successor is also in the lyceums and on the committee to hire lecturers ; indulges more freely than his father in the con templative man's recreation, smoking ; oftener runs in to the city theatre and less often goes to circuses; will have nothing to do with chasing greased pigs, and perhaps has more to do with a trotting park than his father had. Now, as amusements, we suppose one may properly call these not coarser but more refined amusements than those they have displaced. Not that there is no fault to be found with them, but condemnation of these as compared with the amusements of twenty or thirty years ago seems to us a mistake." The Nation admits that in certain circles of society in great cities, composed of the newly rich, there is a constant display of excessively bad manners, the whole tone of such society being low. But this is not a wide-spread deterioration. for example, Miss Fanny Ellsler would not to-day be received into the same num ber of good houses in New York as she was some twenty years ago. Mr. Dickens would be received with due civility and kindness, but the people would not show so little dignity and self-respect as on his visit twenty-seven years ago. " Society is less raw and provincial now than then ; the people have s en more, they have read more, they have mixed more with people of other nationalities, they have fought more and had to think more, they have spent more for ideas and given more away than their fathers ever did--in brief, the national charac ter has been raised and dignified, and with it, we believe, the national standard of good manners. Certain persons in avenues in New York who give "cheap and hungries," are not " the American people taken by and large," and a comparison of the manners of such persons with the manners of the Knickerbocker families of the old times—of the times " below Bond-street"—the families and times and manners we all regret so much—gives no data for generalizing about - the manners of the American people." The error into which the Galaxy reviewer has fallen is this : there is an undoubted change of style both in America and in England ; there is less ceremonial both in dress and manners than was the fashion with our fathers. Gentlemen do not now invariably dine in evening dress. Instead of em broiderel velvet, Scotch tweeds are worn ; high heeled shoes and elaborate buckles have been re placed by thick-soled half boots; people do not bow so low nor address each other with the same elaborate ceremony. !There is a greater ease in manners as in dress, and it is not improbable that this may give occasion for greater and more frequent displays of coarseness and vulgarity. The present school of man ners makes rules, as the Nation observes, for equals, rather than for superiors and inferiors, for men who work, rather than for people who idle. America, no doubt, has been mainly instrumental in intro- ducing the new mode which has deceived the re viewer into the idea of deterioration. He must look, however, beyond the mere outside, and he will find that the Nation is correct in this assertion. " that it no more encourages selfishness or unkindness, or meanness or contempt for the weak, or gross mate rialism than did that other school of manners which was illustrated by the framers of the Fugitive Slave Law, the host and hostesses of Fanny Ellsler, the business men for whom the phrase almighty dol lar' • was invented, the gentlemen whom Josiah Quincy had to fight hard before the noble amuse ment of the theatre could be introduced into Bos ton. In punctiliousness our fathers beat us—beat us so badly that we have reason to be not proud, but very proud. But we should be glad to see a reasonable nineteenth-century definition of the gen tleman which would put Abraham Lincoln's con stituents, as gentlemen, below Mr. Franklin Pierce's." A Christian convention has been held in Dr. Cuyler's church, Brooklyn. Among the subjects discussed were the methods of reaching the poor and ignorant popu lation of our cities, the mission stations of our churches, and the ravages of intemperance. LAD V ERTISEMENT.]—Du Barry s Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which contains three times the nourishment of the best meat, saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, restores perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled, removing speedily and effectually indigestion (dyspepsia), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, htemorrhoids, liver complaints, flatulency, nervous, ness, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds, influenza noises in the head and ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, erup tions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, pal pitation, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms, nausea, and sickness, sinking fits, coughs, asthma, bronchitis, incipient consumption, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains at the pit of the stomach, between the shouldez s, &c. We quote a few out of 68,000 cures :—The Pope's health restored by Du Barry's Food.—Cure No. 63,413. "Rome, July 21, IS66.—The health of the Holy Father is excellent, especially since, aban cloning all other remedies, he has confined himself entirely to Da Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, of which he consumes a plateful at every meal. It has produced a surprisingly benefi cial effect on his health, and his Holiness cannot praise this excellent loud too highly."—From the "Gazette du Midi." July 25. Cure No. 49,832.—" Of fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomiting." Maria Jul y, Wortham, Ling, near Diss, Norfolk.—Cure No. 47,121.—Mi5s Elizabeth Jacobs, of Nazing Vicarage, Waltham Cross, Herts, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Important Caution.—Beware of the many unsavoury and more than sloppy imitations to which, without authority, Baron Liebig's name is most audaciously attached In tins at ls. . 1 lb. 2s 9d. ,• 2 lbs., 48. Gcl, ; 5 lbs. 11s.; 121b5., 228.; 24 lbs.; 408.--13-A.nRY DU BARRY and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason, 182, Piccadilly; and at 61, Graceehurch-street; 4, -C•neapside-; 63, 150, and 208 0xf4.0-street 330 Strand; and all grucerg paid chemists. . EXPANSIO, 'UDIATION. There is no disguising the fact that public opinion 1 is undergoing a change in the United States on the' question of redeeming the National Bonds in green backs. When first openly advocated by Mr. PEN DLETON, the cry of indignation was so loud that many believed it was national. The truth is, that the cry came from the holders of Bonds. On them the proposition acted immediately, for they were directly interested ; on the mass it acted slowly, for their interests were indirent, and therefore more remote. Mr. PENDLETON'S arguments were torn to pieces, and cast contemptuously to the winds. When General BUTLER stepped into the ring as the Republican champion of Repudiation, and was followed by THADDEUS STEVENS, notwithstanding the severe punishment inflicted on his predecessor, many began to fear that these practised politi cians saw a deeper current than they detected. Time is, we fear, showing them to be right ; for the indications are too clear to be mis- understood. On the 27th January General BEATTY, the Republican candidate, was elected for the Eighth District of Ohio, lately represented by Mr. HAMILTON, who in December was killed by his insane son. General BEATTY pronounced in favour of greenback redemption, while his opponent declined to commit himself. In October, 1866, the Repub licans carried the District by a majority over 1,800, in 1867,,by only 200, showing a strong Conservative reaction ; yet working against this, the Republicans have suddenly obtained a majority of a thousand, and the impression is that the West will elect no candidate, whatever be his political principles, who does not pledge himself to greenback redemption. Mr. WILSON, of lowa, spoke in the House in favour of this measure, adding another to the champions of Repudiation. Parson BROWNLOW wrote to the Republican Convention at Nashville, advising a declaration in favour of paper payment, and although the Convention resolved that the national faith be kept inviolate, and the Bonds paid in gold, still, it is a sign of the times, when men like the Governor of Tennessee throw themselves so ear nestly into the ranks of a party. Mr. INGERSOLL has made a direct attempt to increase the volume of paper money by the issue of $15,000,000 fresh greenbacks—thus undoing the work of Mr. M'CuL LOCH, and again bringing . it back to $100,000,000. Senator THURMAN, of Ohio, id his speech at Mans field, said, as to "these Five-Twenty Bonds, amount ing to about two thousand millions, it is simple impudence in any man to pretend that this Go vernment ever promised to pay their principal in gold. The interest we did promise to pay in gold, but the principal never in anything but what is the legal tender of the country." As sociated with this question of an increase in the cir culation is thatof redemption. The premium on gold must hinge on the volume of paper money, and in proportion to the increase of greenbacks will be the difference between their nominal and real values, or, in other words, the premium on gold. Were L not for the barometer which the gold-room keeps before the eyes of the people, the inducements to stray into a fool's paradise would ba even greater than they now are. Money is plentiful at the chief American marts, stocks and shares are advancing, and the market is buoyant in expectation of the old stimulant being applied, but gold steadily rises. [he greater the difference in value between it and the paper money in circulation, the greater the in ducement to redeem in the depreciated tender. If the people resolve to affix on the nation the stigma of dishonesty, they are not likely to neglect the op portunity of benefiting by it as largely as possible. There can be no object in discussing paper redemp tion if paper closely approximates in value to gold, and if the intention were to secure for the• United States within a short period a return to specie pay ment, it would be superfluous folly to discuss green back redemption. The question of inflation is one to be resisted now, or never. Once a family gives way to the temptation of meeting a temporary pressure by borrowing from capital, on the return of the pressure the same remedy will be applied, and it is then on the high road to ruin. This simple expedient brought the Railway interests of Eng land into collapse, and this economic law will do for a nation what it does for a railway company, or a family. But the road to ruin will be even smoother in the case of a nation; for the ruin will not in reality be national, and only the bondholders directly suffer. Let it be decided that the Five-Twenties are to be redeemed in currency, a direct gain then accrues to the Union, from making that curtency as cheap as possible. If it be annihilated in value—the Debt is wiped out; if it be depreciated 100 per cent., half the Debt is gone ; therefore a premium i 3 offered to the Treasury to depreciate to the lowest point its own promises to pay. When the next stagnation in tra,le occurs, all parties will turn for help to their paper mill ; the aid required by specu lators will there be found, and if the currency be de preciated, so much the better, for in that proportion will'theNational Debt be obliterated. An odd story is told by the New York Nation, which gives another view of the subject. Rhode Island, at the close of the war of Independence, was divided into specie and paper-money parties. The latter, backed by the exigencies of the moment, gained con trol of the Government, and a paper money bank was established. Every effort was made to give the bills loaned, an intrinsic value, and heavy penalties were enacted against persons re fusing to receive them at par. Notwithstanding, not only were the bills refused, but traders closed their shops and merchants their offices, preferring not to do any business than to take them, and dis loyalty became so rife that another forcing Act was necessary. These the Judges declared void, and were summoned into the presence of the Govern tnent to assign their reasons. Though bills were plentiful, money was so scarce that barter was the only mode of trade, and but eight months after the establishment of the bank, one-fourth of the debt was directed to be paid off in bills received for taxes, this paper having already depreciated 500 per cent. The holders of Government Securities were required to present them within six weeks, and receive five shillings in the pound thereon or to forfeit that amount, interest to cease immediately. rhe Judges were changed, and another quarter of the debt ordered to be paid as before, when the bills of the State fell to eight for one. They con tinued to depreciate until the neighbouring States prohibited the trial by their Courts of any suit for debt brought by a citizen of Rhode Island ; and, finally, disloyalty triumphed, the Legal-Tender Act was repealed, and the bills settled at fifteen for one. Rhode Island was then aided by the vigorous patriot ism induced by the war, and the State had a stringent penal law against speculators. Strong efforts were made to induce the other States to follow the example, which luckily failed. The same arguments were used then as now, and a far greater necessity existed for currency to stimulate industry. Rhode Island was the only State " which attempted to alleviate the poverty caused by the war by furnish ing ready-made money to the debtors," and her reputation, unenviable then, has not at all improved with the lapse of time. The Nation calls attention to the historical fact, that every precaution was taken by Rhode Island to prevent depreciation which human ingenuity could devise. The Legal- Tender Act was penal ; payment secured by mort gage ; yet, in three years, fifteen for one was the current rate. "This was a fact which meant so much that churches excommunicated members for attempting to pay their creditors under the legal tender privilege. It meant stagnation of business, tumult, danger within and danger without ; in a word, it meant all that can be meant by a resolu tion on the part of a little more than half a commu nity not to pay its debts to the remainder ; and the difference—between this condition of affairs and that in which a man who measure 3 six feet declines to pay the bill of a mln who measures five, relying upon the difference of measurement rather than any equitable defence —is difficult for any one desti tute of a very legal training to see." Referring to the present effort in the West, the Nation remarks : " GOD has not worked a miracle, and is not going to work a miracle, for the benefit of the West, though the prairies were twice as hig, and - the coal-fields twice as deep; and the West may rely on it, it will yet come full butt against the laws of nature, and dud it .a skull-cracking-experience." That the price of Government Bonds keeps up may, to a cer- MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. (From the Anglo-American nmes.) On the night of the 9th of January, at Memphis, a notorious thief, named Jim Burns, was arrested while effecting an entrance into the dry goods store of H. bunts and Co. He was conveyed to gaol, and on entering his cell discovered another prisoner, named M'Carthy, lying asleep, and as saulted him, nearly strangling him. M'Carthy, frenzied with pain, assaulted Burns in turn, and be fore the guards could interfere gouged Burns' eyes out of their sockets. On the 7th January an affray occurred at Dyersburg, West Tennessee. The sheriff, Parkington, attempted to arrest an old man named Duncan on the street. Duncan drew a pis tol and fired, shooting off the thumb of the sheriff. His son, who was standing near, drew his pistol and tired, killing Duncan. A son of the latter coning up fired, killing young Parkington in stantly. The sheriff seeing his son killed, drew his pistol and shot young Duncan through the heart. fhe most intense excitement followed. Owing to the numerous 'relations of both parties, further trouble is apprehended. On the evening of the 10th January, three boys of the village of Amherst, Massachusetts, and three students of the Agricultural College, attacked, in the College dormitory, Clarence E. Brown, a mem ber and janitor of the institution. It appears that Cook, one of the village boys, had been removed from the College, and suspeciiug Brown to have reported him, he determined thus to revenge him self. The plan was to induce Brown to open his door, when the party were to rush in and administer the punishment with raw hides. One knocked at the door, but Brown being in bed refused him ad- They went into the back room, and get ting access to the bedroom ventilator, broke all the glass. By a skeleton key they managed to open the door, when Brown attacked them with a stove wrench, and drove his assailants into an adjoining room. Feeling sure he had no pistols, they returned with more confidence. The door was broken open, and Brown was seized by three on one side and ono on the other, and brought to the floor. His only wea pon was a small cabinetmaker's chisel, with which he slashed right and left, stabbing one in four places, another in three, and three others (among whom was Cook) iu one. This . dispersed the party; and as Graves was going down stairs he slipped, and so violently struck his head that there is small chance of his recovery, the others are progress ing favourably. Young Brown is from Florence, of excellent character; and President Clark so fully endorses the course he pursued, that he has pre sented him with a scholarship, of which the annual income is $204. The Springfield Republican says very inconsistently, that, " If the College authorities do not introduce a reform among the students, every Christain parent sending a son to college will need to add hereafter to the Bible and Prayer Book a Smith and Weeson revolver and a dirk knife, with instructions to use as occasion requires:" The trial of Gen. George W. Cole at Albany for the murder of L. Harris Hiscock, the seducer of his wife, was appointed to commence on Monday, Jan. 27, and its progress and developments will be awaited with the deepest interest. The defence claim to be confident of an acquittal, and to have secured tes timony which will startle the public and show Mr. Hiscock to have been a libertLe of the most corrupt and abandoned sort, the despoiler of the virtue of many others than the udortunate woman for whom he was sacrificed. The legal talent engaged is of the highest order, and the professional interest in the trial will be fully equal to that of the general public. IVe learn by the last mail that the trial has been postponed. A IN ashington telegram, of the 26th ult., says : —" The new treaty between the Feejee Islands and the United States has just been received at the Department of State. It is rather vague in point of stipulation and eccen tric in form, consisting simply of an immense tooth of a whale, richly variegated in colour, at the ends of which is attached a strongly twisted grass cord, which serves as a handle, or as binding the treaty. The naval agent who delivered the tooth was instructed to say to the President that it was a treaty by which the King of the Feejees mortgaged his island to the United States for the payment of the instalments or indemnity duo to the United States, to continue for three years; the President, on his part, to agree to prevent the rival Feejee King from levying war against the legitimate Sovereign during the continuance of the m trtgage. On being asked how the treaty was to b., ratified and exchangeJ, the agent said his instructions were that if the President accepts the tooth, then the treaty is established. lf he declines the treaty, he is to return the tooth to the King of the Feejee Islands. The treaty or tooth was wrapped in a rude cloth, made from the inner bark of a tree, without skinning or weaving. It is not known whether this irregular treaty will be sent to the Se nate for ratification. Seine years ago three seamen deserted from a United States vessel, and took shelter on the Feejee Islands. An officer went in search of them, and appealed to the authorities there to assist in their capture. After much prevarication the King admitted that the deserters had been eaten by his people. A demand was at that time made for indemnity, when the Sovereign a,reed to give a stipulated sum. One of the'inst•dments was paid (perhaps 20 years ago). and the object of the present treaty, or tooth arrangement, is forwarded by the King as an evidence of his good faitn, and to show that he has not forgotten his pecuniary obligation. A correspondent of the New York 'limes, writing from Lynchburg, in Virginia, says :—" I think the Southern correspondent of Northern journals have run into much extravagances in describing the condition of affairs in the Southern States —at least so far as our supplies of provisions are concerned. There is no scarcity of bread and meat in Virginia, and I do not credit the intimation that there is any very alarming scarcity of provisions in the other Southern States. There is doubtless distress in locali ties, and among the poorer classes, here and there ; but when the terms starvation and famine are used, I think I have reason to protest my incredulity. Remember, that ►nission. we have a four months' remedy for starvation, in our in digenous crop of Indian corn. In large portions of the Gulf States they may plant this crop in early spring, and it ripens in four months. For more than a month before maturing it is a nutritious and delight ful food for man and beast. The correspon dents alluded to rather indicate a prospective famine than an existing one ; but this benignant gift of Indian corn dispels all fear of starvation lying in wait for us in the future. In many and large districts of the South this plant grows to an abundant yield, and is cultivated at a minimum cost of labour, and two crops may be made in the year. if you would know the secret of the rapid increase of our late slave population, and our unrivalled success in the growth of cotton before the war,- it will be found in the extraordinary qualities of this crop of Indian corn, which gave bread to three-fourths of the Southern population, an , t upon which were reared and fattened the animals which supplied us with meat. It was this crop which enabled us to compete successfully with the rice-fed " free labourers" of India in the production of cotton. The New York Independent says :—The Union League Club, which rendered such important services to the nation during the war, awl whose elegant rooms on Union-square were the ecene of so many patriotic demon strations, has taken a ten years' lease of the very spacious building on Madison-square, which was first de signed as a residence for its builder, Mr. Leo nard W. Jerome, and afterwards changed into a club house for the New York Jockey Club. When the Union League Club rented the Parish Mausicn, on Union-square, on a five years' lease, at a rental of $5,000 a year, it was considered a very high rent; but now the present owner of the house demands $1.8,000 a year for the renewal of the lease, and Mr. A. T. Stewart, who ought to know the value of up-town property, says the price is cheap. Among the lecturers iu New York this winter is a seceding Shaker, who gives humorous lectures on the ways of the disciples of Anu Lee. Edgar A. Poe's autograph is thus advertised by Horace Greeley. He says :—" A gushing youth once wrote me to this effect : Dear Sir, —Among your literary trea sures you have doubtless preserved several autographs of our country's late lamented poet, Edgar A Poe. If so, and you can spare one, please enclose it to me, and receive the thanks of yours, truly.' I promptly responded as follows: 'Dear Sir, --Among my literary treasures there happens to be exactly one -autograph of our coun try's late lamented poet, Edgar A. Poe. It is his note of hand for $5O, with my endorsemest across the back. It cost mo exactly $5O 75c (including protest), and you may have it for half that amount.—Yours, respectfully.' That autograph, I regret to say, remains on my han Is, and is still for sale at the original price, despite the lapse of time, and the depreciation of our currency." ACADEMY OF MU,IC. The last Japanese company, which has been kindly permitted to leave their native laud by the unexampled generosity of the great Tycoon, are holding forth at the Academy, and are emphatically the Japs of all Japs. They do more difficult feats, wear more gor geous dresses, make more frightful noises, and are more singularly hideous than any Orientals we have ever met iu the course of our life. Au elderly hyena who plumes him self upon the name of Ila-;/a-tic kee, is one of the most ex traordinary and peculiar performers for public pence and patronage that has been inflicted upon us fora long Period. Those lucky people who bad neither money nor free tickets to get in may thank their respective planets for their poverty. The ridiculous antics of the saffron coloured, sluivelled old guy were beyond and b enea th de- scription. He renders himself and his nation a laughing stock in an entertainment entitled, " The Dangers and Trials of Love." If it is a correct representation of Japa nese love-making we should not wonder to learn that all sensible Japs live and die bachelors. There is a little girl—so-called, the boys and girls all look alike—who does a very difficult and clever trick of balancing. To those who have not enjoyed the Japs already the enter tainment is well worth visiting. The !Tall-street Journal states that the Central Pacific Railroad Company proposes to push forward the line across the plains energetically the present year, and have organ ized a force of 10,000 men to cairy on the work through Humboldt County. The Central Company also have two corps of engineers surveying the route between Sa❑ Fran cisco and Sacramento, intending to complete the connec tion of the two cities as soon as possible. The Government Commissioners for the Union Pacific Railroad have reported W the Secretary of the Interior that they find the 15th section of 30 miles of said road,commenc lug at the 510th mile-post and terminating it the 540th mile post west from Omaha, well constricted and ready for im mediate service, and therefore recommended the acceptance of the sect on. The President of the United States hasac cepted the section, and ordered the pate is and bonds accruing by law to be issued to the company. The 540th mile post, where this section ends, id 7,525 feet above tide water. The Union (Omaha) Pacific Railroad Company have notified the Government that they intend to construct a railroad from Denver to the main road, a distance of one hundred and two miles, and have it completed in October next. The ground of the Colorado Central Railroad was" broken on New Year's-day with great ceremony, at Golden, City. The road is to connect with the Union Pacific Railroad at Cheyenne via Denver. The California and Oregon and Marysville Railroad Companies have consolidated, and will hereafter be known as the California and Oregon Railroad Company. STREET RAILROADS IN CHICAGO.—The gross receipts of the three city railroad companies in Chicago during the past year are estimated as follows:—South Division, $275,000 ; West Division, $322,000 ; North Division, $129,000. Total, $726,000. The average daily receipts may be roughly estimated at about $2O per car. The Metropolitan (Street) Railroad Company of Boston has earned its 10 per cent. dividend, and has a surplus of over $70,000 this year. It has carried 10,300,000 passen gers since Jan. 1. NEW EXPRESS COMPANY. - The San Francisco papers announce the incorporation of a new express company, The Pacific Uoion, which starts with a capital of 3,000,000 dollars divided into 30,000 shares of 100 dollars each. This company proposes to do a general express, exchange, collection, and commission business in the United States and Territories, and in such foreign countries as may be desired. The president- is Mr. A. K. Grim, and tte board of trustees includes eight other gentlemen. Arrangements are now mating to open offices throughout the Pacific coast, and China and Japan. THE UNITED STATES RAILROAD, SCREW SPIKE. The importance of obtaining security in railway travel liug is a subject every one can appreciate, and every in vention which renders accidents less frequent cannot fail to interest. The Iron Age of Jan. 30 devotes much of its space to an explanation of a new description of screw spike for railroads, intended to supersede the common driving spike. A company has recently been formed in Now York for its manufacture, and are at present engaged in preparing tools for putting in the screws with ease and rapidity, which it is believed will reduce the cost to below that of driving the ordinary spike. The Iron Age gives a cut which clearly chows that the contrivance is simply a wood screw with a double-hooked head. "It is designed to hold the rail more firmly to the tie, and to avoid work ing loose as the present description of spike does, and in this way to prevent the starting of the rails, which is the cause of so many accidents. "That a screw is a more secure fastening than a nail, it is of course unnecessary to argue—the extent to which the one has displaced the other where strain or traction is in volved is the evidence of this, and it only seems strange that a principle so simple and so obvious should have been overlooked in faStening down iron rails on wooden ties or sleepers. "In order to remove the rail it will only be necessary to reverse the screw one quarter; and when replacing it, turn the screw back to its original position, when the rail will be held as firmly as before. The ties will thus be saved from the injury of splits, checks, an . the numerous holes made in them by repeatedly drawing and replacing spikes in which water will collect, causing their rapid decay, By the use of the screws, therefore, the durability of the ties will be greatly increased and equalized. Be sides, when the rails are loose the ties are cut by the re peated blows made on them by the rails, and are thereby materially damaged ; on the contrary, where the screw is used the rails are held so firmly in their place that this in jury is prevented. The saving to railway companies in ties alone, it is estimated, will more than pay the whole cost of the screws. Where none but soft wood can be obtained for ties, the screw manifestly possesses a still greater advantage over the spike. " It is also calculated that in consequence of the screws holding the rails to the ties so firmly, a lass number will be required than of ordinary spikes, also a very great saving will bo realised in the wear of the rolling stock and rails. The considerable loss arising from loose, bent, broken, and missing spikes, will be almost entirely pre vented. Besides, where the screw is in use, in addition to the saving of time in relaying 'ails, a much less number of men are required to watch the track and keep it in re pair, thereby causing a great saving." Mr. Hilliard, trackmaster of the Erio Railroad, writes that the new spike will prove cheaper, not only from the greater che.puess in relaying iron, but from the much longer endurance of the ties where sere ws are used. he gives, in addition to the reasons already cited for advo cating the use of the screw spike in preference to all others that he has seen in use for twenty-four years on railroad tracks, the following: —" In relaying iron it will be done much quicker. You simply give the screw one loUrth turn back, lift the old rail, replace it with a new one, then turn the screw back as before ; while the old fashioned spikes must be drawn from the ties, and new holes made every time a nail is replaced—and every spike driven in a tie is, as we trackmeu term it, deatu to the tie.' I wink the ties will last at least four years longer where the screws are in use, as they keep the ties up firm to the base of the rail, thereby preventing pounding; whereas the common spikes draw out as the ties settle, allowing the rail to bend and cut in the tie." Mr. Featherby, trackmaster of the New York Central Railroad, says : - " I know they ars safer than the com mon spikes, and a great saving of both life and property— at least fifty per cent. in ties, and quite as much in spikes —saying nothing of economy in labour, and of the firm ness of the rail, obviating the immense jarring which cuts the ties—caused by loose spikes and rails—and yet giving to the track that easy and connected spring so long desired." Another source of economy in the use of these screws is that they can be drawn and re-used frequently, while spikes are necessailly crooked in drawing them from the wooden ties, and are commonly cast aside as scrap. , If it be true, as we suppose is unquestionably the fact, that accidents involving great loss of property, and heavy damages for injury and death to individuals, have been caused by the defective fastening of rails, then an inven tion which avoids such danger may well be paid for as a premium on a policy of insurance against such losses, and, therefore, on the very lowest ground of pecuniary interest, the use of these spikes will be wise and eco nomical. COAL AI, ARKET. Price per Ton sd s d Cowpen Hartley Haswell lB 0 East Hartlepool l5 9 9 Original Har6lepool... 18 0 Russell's Hetton l5 Wylam l5 6 South Hetton Hetton Hetton Lyons ........ 15 0 Caradoc l6 6 Brancepeth Cannel... 18 6 Eden Main Tees at the Close, Births. CALVERT—On the 19th inst., at Little Coombe, Charlton , the wife of Major A. M. Calvert, itoyalliorse Artillery, of a eon. FITACLARENCE —On the 17th inst., at 1, Warwick-square , Lady Maria Fitz Clarence, of a son. SMITH—On the 18th inst., at Calverley House, Yorkshire , Mrs. Milne Smith, of a daughter. Marriages. HERBERT—SHELTON—On the 15th inst., at St. Paul's, Camden-square, N.W., Charles Henry Herbert, Esq., et Staple-inu, solicitor, to Z da, youngest and fourth daughter of the late John HarmunneShelton Esq. ofl I Chelsea. MALTON—DOMVILLE —On the 18th inst., at Saint Jobus , Oxford-squarv, C. J. Malton, Esq., to Isabella Maria, widow of Compton Domville, Esq., and eldest daughte r of the late Lieut.-General the Right Hon. Sir George Arthur, Bart. Deaths. BARTLEY On the 13th inst., at Liandefellog, Caimarthen shire, Miss Ann Bartley, agcd,o3. BRIDGE—On the 18th just-, at Croydon, Isabella A. S' Blinge, aged 86. FARRIS On the 18th inst., Antonio Farris, Esq., of 30 ' rhrogmortou-streot, aged 70. GARBETT —On the 16th inst., at Dawley, E. J. H. Garbettl Esq., solicitor, aged 25. GRACE—On the 18th inst., Richard Grace, Esq., Hadley' green, I.lidd esex, aged 56. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDBEW'r; of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tug SUN Once, No 11 Strand, in tla. Precinct of the 8i voy, in the County ° Middlesex.—Thursday, February 20; 1805. Ti Lo fot C 1 co fe ( 6(1 C' soy ra t sta an