The Sun. — London, England, 1851-10-07 00:00:00

./ W ~' MAGAZINES, &c.—(CONTINUED.) 13 E; A' T L E. r. " A. Glance at Sark." with which the Illiscellany fur October opens, is an admirably written narrative of an excursion to one of the most interesting and ex traordinary portiens of the British dominion*, the Only part of the world, pet hips, in which the feudal laws are still subsisting in their full vigour, and which form the antiquity of its laws and customs, the pri•• mitive simplicity of its inhabitants, the sublimity of its scenery, and the rarity of its natural productions, is interesting alike to the antiquatiln, the tourist, and the student. Tnie is followed by an excellent cri tique of the principal paintings in the Dulwich Gal lery, written in a fine and genial spirit. " Anecdotes of Duelling" are continued, as is the paper on add su ns al c ry and Usur ers ." M r. Alf red Cole gives four protihapters of his most interesting and, at the sent time more especially, valuable work, entitled The Cape and the Kafirs ; or Notes of Five Years' Residence in South Africa." Ie these chap ters he points out the great source of wealth which the fisheries offer to tile colony, and which are entirely neglected : the bank of Agulhas, which extends along the whole southern coast of other spot on the Afr ica) is more plentifully supcli:d with fish than any glob , ", and yet the fisheries are pl thecom etely negle c t e d by the colonists and left entirely in hands of t h e Malays, who are the only fishermen. "You may teke, a boat," says Mr. Cole, " and let down your net at any dra ne w i point o ff the coast, and you are certain to tuP full of excellent fish. Tnere are no dues, no restrictions as to locality or season. Tne country produces e enormous quantities of salt, and everything B ,''ehas to combine to force the importance of their fisheries n upon the colonists. And yet they are well I l l ar ig is h i eg ` eete d'' It would be well that some enter• prising Persons from the mother country should at onee undertake the task of developing the riches of the South some valuable Afri a e ,. a . n t. oean. h Mr. _Cole gives us appears to be statistics of s eep farming, which at the same be a most profitable pursuit,. but . nie tim e can devote on e of the laziest to which a man Pula a himself ; this, perhaps, renders it so po• t) M. c r" i n g the Cape colonists, who are, according It would 's account of them, the laziest of mankind. W , be well that our humanitarians, who take e Plundering liefirs under their immediate protection, !should read the opening of Mr. Coles's fifth chapter, the in which} he the :—" An idea seems prevalent among •ess informed that the English have encroached nn the territories of the liefirs. Nothing can be inlore Untrue. There is not an inch of the Cape co cannot be 411 ,Y that ever belonged to the liltirs," a fact which too often repeated, and which affords a b e d • - erto all the Cole describes the "rnijlete an•vt• rrivilled on the subject. Mr. Co il.:lneipation of the slaves as having been most direful its results in the Cape colony. tie say . s:— . do going to " I urn not defend (even were it possible to have)s() the principle of slavery in the abstract; but I a11„,,t0 deal with simple facts. It is notorious that the - 'eti were most kind and indulgent master to their ; Iv ". It is equally notorious that no class of people p er better fed, clothed, or cared for; less overworked, Or • N l a any way ill used, than the slave population in ~- " ,,e lltb Africa. The Government at home thought „`,.""Nr, from the noblest and purest motives, and at a ratliest s acrifice, to set these p eop l e f ree. What was the " e t 1 1 These people ( amount i ng to thirty-six thou -11:')? th)e, 'who had hi t h erto had their every want supplied ir for th e masters, found the res p ons ib i l ity of providing ir ai r aselves th rus t upon them without any previous 1 , -- a i 'ing or preparation. Sell -reliance they could not this ne sibl Y hare. B u t th ey were dazzled by the name of wto b boon, `freedom.' They thought it a fine thing the oMselves at the b ec k and call of no man; they pictured to , the savage's seventh heaven of delight, the 're e d ° , abandoned' to do nothing except get drunk.. They actually not their old masters in a body; those who had therarneat, equally tre at Due word of complaint to utter against their past with those who might consider hetneVres aggrieved. They abandoned their ancient Isturulkri comme nced the celebration of those fearful them, a_a,whieb have already immolated two-thirds of town nand which to this dry fill the streets of every baUehe-ry.vidago in the colony with drunkenness and de and" Thos congregated in the towns in small, confined, ref u 3 o the me aPartutionta, living or half-starving on any generous adould procure in idleness, in lieu of the Masters. ,p i , pie.t.fid meals supplied huts covered by their late w e Y Planted themselves iu wretched filthy bags, and dirtyh old hides, decayed rags, rotten sugar- A to 1-• i thatch, through which came rain and 1114 ces the c A l l the miserabl occupants. From these issued b 1 , 1 4, tr t ? ebil liet I , o _ 3 ut seldom, and then to earn only a tell of the h shall it frua drritikurne trivial service, and to purchase theseputs and den to continue their debaucn. Who horrible seeues of fiendish depravity (.3atileace folii)s exhibited? the ta in forms unknown aleasles and smallpox assailed could chek thQ© fearful-49wh • ill our own country. Nothing seized one th . progre, beached N e itupoverished2B of these diseases as the e y . egro end e.. n amid weakened, and d destru t . v I -lotto • the c 1" in ewlele n e , "" et ' The plague was not so coloured clas s ,' -- " 3 were these maladies among in tb • cir lauts in the'B at the c eee. r They died not alone A ides ' as ~_ towns and villages, but on the road- Op, a fi.(_,l(ii.A.eY Wandered the knew not - in the b e b I, iti miserable '.3' . new not whithe r ; 4, In-at uver te e de.. - cabins (which were obliged to nu It would b e ;'_"•Ying remains of the dead). mber de' ieupossible to estimate correctly the to stroyed b s ay that Y this dreadful visitation. bodice it t,i,ib ly dee the cols dreadful races in bouth Africa were eag,ri dered rea b7 l th b y it; and that it it were not actually livu'i; ' it was - --e state in ' 4 bieh tilthe races were thee tre es ~, gulfs tit least frightfully augmented in its disas -1:414 r.v by the expos.et condition in which the /re el cP4tioh il,et had paced- their removal ~ ~ the pto . o. __ ls 1. r them—by lt ttrest, as 1: 7 0 4_ as e ;' er 7 A b ",,!_t r iP a o n . those whom se •in ' e s ,, , , , rottet and ail them. ‘., lar f 8e1y,.... ur thin evils wrought upon the slaves them etrei evils which have nut puesed away, but whose dire izaliVeuraare but too visibl e to this hour. As for their ea the ungathered vintages, fallow field s , crops rotten lab oar., grou u d , untended flocks, onserved tables, and experielaeking warehouses —these were a few of the evils geed a !eti by the colonists. The Doter), who had pur rs ,,,rieultur, were literally ruined. They could net 44,, tabourer to aid them. The progress of the colony reeu_earfully retarded by it, and it has not to this day ,r, rered from the she rrof e .essor Creasy begins a series, entitled "Unsue- Niul Greet Men," _with an admirable analysis of th e e. ttlhhcharacter and motives of Demosthenes. Essays as this of Professor Creasy, on philosophical oltory, are of the very highest order. AMERICAN NEWS LIVERPOOL, Moanay. By the Royal Mail steam. ship Niagara, Captain Leitch, we have advices from New York direct to the 24th ult. She brings 477,500 dolls. in specie on freight. Throughout the passage the Niagara has experienced very boisterous weather. The United States' steam-ship Washington, Floyd commander, arrived at New York, from Bremen and Southampton, on the 23d ult. The Royal Mail steam-ship Africa, Ryrie com mander, with the mails of the 13th ult., arrived at New York at seven m. on the 24th, after a fine run of about 11 days. On the 27th the Niagara passed a large screw steamer, supposed to be the Glasgow, for New York. Oar miscellaneous advices mention that 35 people had been killed by a steam-boat explosion. The New York Tribune contains the following interesting com munication relative to yacht building : " Darius Davison writes us that it is his intention to build a yacht within the period of six months from this date, of a tonnage and coat equal to the tonnage and cost of the yacht America. Said yacht to be built, mo dslled, and rigged on a plan different from any vessel or yacht now afloat; and to be held ready at any thLm within the period of one year from the date (after being completed) to sail against any vessel or yacht, or num ber of vessels or yachts, now afloat in this country or Europe, that may be entered for the race. The trial of speed and sailing qualities to take place at any time chosen by a majority of the owners of vessels entered for the race, and to be run as they shall choose, for any distance, upon the ocean or inland waters, in a heavy or light breeze, with or against the wind. The owner of any vessel entered for the race, not satisfied with the time and circumstances chosen by a majority to make the trial of speed and sailing qualities, shall be at liberty to withdraw their vessel at any time before one week preceding the time chosen for the contest. This provi sion is not to apply to the vessel entered by the sub scriber; his yacht shall be held ready to sail at any place and time within the period specified, and under any circumstances chosen by a majority of the owners of other vessels. That only first class, well-tried sail vessels or yachts may be entered for the racs. The prizss to be sailed for are as follow:—In case the sub scriber's yacht win the race, the vessel which comes out second, and the vessel lust out in the race, to be forfeited to him. And in case his yacht is beaten, he will deliver her, with all her appurtenances, to the winner of the race as a prize." The completion of the line of railways connecting Boston and Alontreal has been celebrated with great festivity in Boston. Among the guests on the occa sion were the President of the United States, and se veral members of his Cabinet, Lord Elgin, Governor- General of Canada, and his suite, Surveyor-General Hinckes, Hon. Charles Wilson, Mayor of Montreal, several members of the City government, Judges Alwyn, Day, and Mondelet, Sir Allen M`Nab, lion. John Moulson, President of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, several officers of the British army, and 10 or 15 members of the Canadian Par liament. The annual fair of the New York State Agricul tural Society has been held at Rochester. It was numerously attended by distinguished public charac ters of the United States and of Canada. 13enjainin Rand Curtis, an eminent lawyer of Boston, has been nominated by President Fillmore to the seat on the bench of the Supreme Court left vacant by the death of the Hon. Levi Woodbury. Mr. Curtis is a political follower and personal admirer of Mr. Webster. Kinkel, the German poet and patriot, has arrived at New York, in connexion with the operations of the German revolutionists. There are two weeks' later intelligence from Cali fornia, by the Illinois and Cherokee, which dates from San Francisco to the 15th August. San Francisco is rapidly recovering from the effects of the recent conflagration. The principal streets which were, but a short time since, almost tenantless, are now lined with handsome shops, with tempting displays of valuable wares and merchandise. The trick buildings.which were destroyed are nearly all rebuilt and refitted, and arc now fireproof. In addition, very many new brick arid stone structures have been erected, and a large number are now in progress. Every kind of business is reviving. A large fall trade was confidently expected by the merchants. The state is in the enjoyment of general tranquil lity. The constituted authorities are in the full per formance of their functions, aided by the respective Vigilance Committees, and a feeling of security is quite prevalent. The latest intelligence from the Indian country is of a favourable character, and little trouble is to be apprehended from that quarter. The mining interest was never in better condition, and the yield of gold never larger. Toe agricultural resources of the State have been largely and profitably developed during the past season. Two fires have taken place in Sacramento City, detroying a theatre, several shops and dwelling- Ifuses, and other property to the amount of over 40,000 dollars. The city had a narrow escape from being laid in ashes. From Oregon the intelligence is gratifying. A favourable treaty has been formed with the Rouge River Indians by General Gaines, who has returned from that district, and states that there is a good pros pect of the preservation of tranquillity. The emi gration across the plains has diminished. Several small companies on the road bad been advised not to attempt to come to California on account of the In dians, and they had turned toward Oregon. There will be as many as six steam-boats on the Oregon rivers in a short time. The papers are dis cussing projects fur plank roads. The improvement of the Tualatin is gradually going on at the expense of persons acting in a private capacity. It is now clear for seven or nine miles at the lower extremity. Some twelve heavy drifts have been removed by per sons engaged in rafting saw-logs. The task of re moving the obstructions is by no means so formidable as w as at first anticipated. The crops everywhere look remarkably well ; wheat and oats are now " ripe for the sickle," and the farmers busily en gaged in harvesting. The organization of the Utah territory is making pragress. Th e G overnor has issued his proclamation calling an election for members of the Territorial Legislature. The nominations have all been made. in th There are se ven counties and one precinct laid out consisting of G rea t S a lt L a ke, is Davis, ) Weber, territory, Tooele, Ut a h, S an P ete, I ron, an d Bsidge precinct. There are numerous buildings in course of completion in Salt Lake City : about five hundred men are digging for the found a ti on o f a new t a e n ol dpsfelendid tabernacle, hauling rock, & c . Sh or tl y th e will be commenced, and the intention is to that in style of lli proud Style build a most agnificent and costly building, one Temple, will much surpass the ,iitoisntianincl:otteptnlep,lation to build a railroad to and be a wonder to after Mis; from Salt Lake Iron County, about 250 miles whereitesh there is an abundance k.;it e y sd , ae of iron ore. sin l c i r e o are to the 17th September. v t a a n d n vai e h o m ur H la a s have been taken in the Into more American prisoners prevrtains and brought into baaoticsilertal under medical at sons, captured, twenty, Havannah. Of those five remain in the military , tendance. The remainder are a rent vessels, with sons, have been sent to Spain in receivedvaiting ship at to 138 per the exception of ten, who British the kindest Havannah. The prisoners have published Consul at to his ' generous attentions from Mr. Crawford, the e i x la p v re a s n s n in ah g , t a h n e d ir , boyars embarking, party. ° lam had been c ontributed killed in ed a card eff N or e ts ar o ly n t B h o ei ,o r o b o eh d a e lf l Havannah for the families of those and wounded in battles with the Lopez At be nefit at the Tacon Theatre over eight thousandadol - lars was realised. On the 9th a grand Deum was performed at the Cathedral in honour of th e deceased. On the same day the troops were reviewed, and General Concha decorated many of the participants in the late engagements. Don Francisco G onzales Gorantes and Don Jose Metza have been outlawed for secreting arms. A full account of the expedition has been published by two of the released prisoners, Captains Kelly and Somers. Captain Kelly arrived in this city day, the 22d inst., by the packet-ship Norma which left Havannah on the 7th inst. lie speaks freely o f the gross deception which was practised upon him and his comrades by the journals in this country which have advocated the invasion of Cuba. As has joined the been stated by many others, they j expedi tion in the firm belisf that the island was in a state of revolt, and was ready to welcome them as allies on their first landing. The number of killed, on the Spanish s id e , i n C ap t a i n K e ll y ' s o pinion, did not ex ceed 300 at the utmost. A much larger number was wounded. The expedition was under the rules and regula tions of the United States army, as regards pay, promotion, &c. No promises were made of bounty, or a large reward to the soldiers in case of success, according to the story that has been widely circu lated. 4 . COLONIAL. ' -1 2Q" Hint s how to end the Kafir War" the writer, ,q; , I ,"u Signs hitnswle "Klip Springer," strikes at the z'Y root, and although his measures may appear 14, 1 ilo ?i what too severe, there is no doubt but that . his Il p 0 - , e i W s on the subject are correct in the main. Or the i 'f i ' ak,`ler articles the most interesting is an ß ac d co s unt of 1 , - 7u) our valuable Gibraltar of the CinAble both as protecting our steam communication ea f . lt h the East and as offering great advantages for i .44 . t Air; b oth with Arabia and the opposite coast of e a. These advantages are thus clearly put for -0 'Ward by the writer :_._. 5 , ~ 0, 4 4 ,1 a trading port, Aden possesses great advantages l 0 goer i-oeha; its harbour may be entered by a Chip or k ,,, a f t any period of the year, and quitted with . 'it °tilt 4°11 "Y; whereas the port of Mucha is very dilli 1 The of access in the mouths of March, April, and May. d 4, kuehcluff_ce districts are actually nearer , to it than to Oth er 1, ant the road equally safe and convenient.. It 7 ci ':_h i e u r g ,: il ta a w a n ci s in Yemen are within an easy journey,. Populous places in the province of tta b ri 4 u l nt are open for its trade. The mountains to eee!r9l trituea 0' ith Porta i n tg t produce gums, frankincense, anu ~ both, claw , the ad; i n honey and wax might become very s cen tas countries yielding abundance ot 11 Blaures of,- th °t -3 a quality as that produced on the .; cur 1 . , e Siediterrane Drugs are also to be pro :ct In larg e (1 , 4 . . an. It oaurcobasiderablueti"e; as well as perfumes and spices, i proportion of gum ambit!. The I' ve , s selo durTigg “lialethunly to the north of Berbera, ,With the Produce of n_orth-eastern monsoon can reach it, e ), ',pii g w i... ti /1_,,r30f Afrioa, in twenty-four hours, z• . 0 °tort apses of '::,L , l__ la mil Indian produce in an equally_ ro ,41,re4t licitain ma" 7: the manufactures ot Indi . a, and JP ;:Ne for nr.4l._ Yn us be introduced into Africa in ex- zkl)eal..(l4,t, csarrl'e7.:tegautethes; myrrh, hides, teeth,el l ha e a n x ts' orts ot ex -13 th,,,,,itatTe towns on the4' pro . s i i o te f Vo l l i i ch s consist.. It is, )' ati well a ,,' ~ Le uly to tho 9iuterest of the manufacturers so ttn. " Lae? politician to maintain a place wnich affords fs gool 3 4, (.tvantiges. Hardware and coloured cotton o utt _ n 3 I u the readitlt sale amongst th' , Arabs; but the I, Will°,lo e i t e ls o t k b e u „ o fast colours, o'r the ' demand for thew l' tScrrEtt's sv---- ----- , n — , ----- --- a, • fairyland, roniai hallautifully v i. Nvitli its MPOSILINI.--tioli enchanting , ; _ . ", 8,2., still ‘ owds. M. 0 °) e. ariegated and charming scener) z, 13 , a- r InrtY crigr4t,i4te 11.couttuues to attractecesr sful issue of his i. to4;,!tntic utidertakinni. I.eiltt °P. to I allues from the ,z;,,,l,ielvi'l-,8 O-11 ious erforance , s are R not to be etpialled -....., w..oss var . Their the troupe R Flantation tiva i the the success of Jattl 'mist be seen. to be appreciated 4 'lle airs trona tehe they;; p i a 4 t ivliclt they int r r a u e duL a • !; aid e excellently, is nelirgautteyd orpe I e ceived with shouts o eadsevwehraielhfavou iv, tho "LITARYSURQRONS, We understand, from , utuhe tltY, that the order that military surgeons should b, ~01)eenr,ators in inflicting at on deserters, P .ued --ork Consiitution. , Snuosty I.) —On ecc., has been sus , 11 0 . ~ RATII Al' A DANCING PARhTdY. , bleu '(,,LY evening a company of young 0 for in the long room of the Albion persons a assein to - Hotel, Buxton -road, tti the into a danci g art-. Amongst the number 15:psiEnt was Mr. Altred 1.1a4M1,)a line tall young man, about f c'ir,l,,teen years ohl, sou of Mr. C. Hanson, watchmaker., u titrapel-hill. A little after tea o'clock , t.l!ed the " Scbtittislie dance, , in which Mr. flans hadhonreeled the party had con. +iiituen a part, and before he nad time to take a seat it'..;l,fell .backwards on the door. The young man Iva: u ta . k , ! f n . 0 an,djoini.ng room, proper restoratives applied, D,,'„ltt". 3 quite extinct on tha arrival of Mr. iiellawell and '''' , -.4•skn!iiire nis.-.4ceds Intelligencer. , A strange accident nwith Z.11.1,,-Nces occurred on At' a e Lanthoy.bridge r tt dad fatal conse ,Aleester. A 3 . oling _ :rtty last at .1 in . ". Loa , named Charles Smith, aged 20, 11,) passing over the bridge, wlaen his attention was attracted ' 43' sotne moduli of sloops that vere b • carried along by ts4(Atier person at the time the bri,lge being being swung open e lse kin-li a vessel. The deceased. kept walking on, at the , vl tulle looking back at the models, and not Perceiving the `4iSe open, fell 4ateo the water 1414 a wail droviaed• He is cautious in condemning the conduct of Mr. Owen, the American Cuniut at Havannah, but thinks he should have pursued a different course himself. On parting with Concha, Captain Kelly received from him his passports without charge, a letter of introduction to the Spanish Con*ul in this city, and 60 dollars in cash, besides an indifferent suit of clothes. Ou, of forty persons, comprising Captain Kelly's company, he is the only one at liberty, and only seven besides himself escaped alive. He appears to be in excellent health, and shows no traces of his recent captivity and sufferings, except his short hair, which was cropped close to his h ea d on being put into prison. DIED. —On Saturday, the 4th iust., at 5, Dovey cottages, Ringsland, Mr. George McPherson, of Halkirk, N. 8., aged 33 yet, deeply 14111eutO yy hiq 4llalez9w, fKivact,li COURT CIRCULAR. BALMORAL, SUNDAY. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert went yesterday to the BallochiThline. The Royal dinner party yesterday inclu-led her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent and Lady Augusta Bruce. IRELeIND.—LABOUR AND CAPITAL. (Prom the Derbyshire Courier.) Let us suppose a newly discovered gold producing l district in Australia, with a sufficient population in its neighbourhood to extract its mineral riches. Here, then, is gold and man. What is wanted to enable man to possess himself of the all-coveted treasure ? Capital. Before the man can realise the riches spread out to his view, it is necessary that from former accumulation he should be provided with food to support himself while engaged in labouring, the means of erecting habitations and workshops, and the implements and machinery requisite for carrying on his work. The savage when his immediate wants are satisfied desists from labour, and as he never accumu lates, he has no resources at command to enable him to create and multiply wealth. He may inhabit a country rich in gold, copper, and iron, with land fer tile under cultivation, and capable of bestowing on its inhabitants all the comforts and luxuries of existence; but its mineral treasures supply him only with a few barbaric ornaments, and he draws from its fruitful soil only a bare sufficiency of the necessaries of life. But as civilization advances, and capital accumulates, the power which man obtains of availing himself of the resources of the material world proportionably in creases. The wealth of the remotest regions of the earth is appropriated by the application of the accu mulated capital of the Old World. English wealth will draw forth the gold of Australia. Now, with out adopting the glowing sentiments of Irish patriots as to the fertility end capabilities of their country, it is impossible not to perceive that we have in Ireland a mine of unexplored wealth lying close to our shores. We say, making every abatement for over-statement and over -appreciation, that Ireland is capable of be coming a most valuable portion of the United King dom—a contributor, in every sense, to the national wealth and greatness. We have referred on a pre vious occasion to the means which are now in opera tion for improving the moral, religious, and social character of the people —means w hich, in the opinion of the best informed persons, are rapidly becoming effectual. We now beg leave to invite attention to the methods by which the industrious energies of the people have been, and may be, called out. Steam navigation and railway commu nication have produced, and are producing, most beneficial results. They provide a market for Irish produce of every kind. Ask a peasant in Antrim or Tipperary what he does with his pig or his poultry, and he will tell you that everything which he can produce is collected by persons who make it their business to go round the country, to be taken to Belfast or Cork, and shipped off for the Liverpool or London market. Every small farmer and cottager has a ready market and a better price for his commo dities than he had a few years ago. Even with present prices a large and increasing provision trade with England is being at this moment transacted. But there is another cause which has been silently at work to improve the state of Ireland. The country, we have said, possesses undoubted sources of undeve loped wealth. It has a people, also, who can and will work when fairly remunerated for their labour. At this time in county Cork, one of the best agricul tural counties in Ireland, the wages of an able-bodied labourer are 6d. or Bd. a day-3s. or 4s. a week. Has a man spirit to work, or can he procure sufficient food to enable him to labour efficiently with such wages ? There are, then, in Ireland, land and labour —the sources of national wealth. What is wanted to develope them ? Capital. And this is the general outcry throughout Ireland—" We want capital!" Now England is overflowing with unemployed capital. Three and a half per cent., the Times tells us, is, and is to he, the average annual value of capital in this country. There are reasons—we believe that they are, happily, rapidly on the decline—why En glish Protestants should not transplant themselves to Irish soil. But there can be no reason why, if a fair remuneration be secured, capital should not flow from this to the sister country. And such we affirm has been the case, and would have been to a much greater extent, but for unwise legislation on the subject of the circulating medium which injuriously retarded the application of English capital to the wants of Ireland. It is now between twenty and thirty years since a system of banking, similar in many respects to that of Scotland, was introduced into Ireland. Several of those who took the warmest interest in car rying this object into effect were men who, though differing most widely on political subjects, believed that a good monetary system would do more for Ire land than anything else. Such were Matthias Attwood and Daniel O'Connell, who, joined with many of Ireland's best and most en lightened friends, promoted energetically and successfully the establishment of those two great banking companies —the Irish Provincial and National Banks. Tne beneficial effects of the system thus introduced began immediately to dis cover themselves. The condition of the small farmer in Ireland was, before these banks became engaged in the distribution of English capital, most dishearten ing. Poverty suppressed all his energies. His land was but half cultivated, for he had no money to em ploy labour. His crops were hurried to market the moment they were reaped, and were not unfrequently seized by the landlord for rent while on the ground. He was too poor to stock his land ; his green crops were often cut, carted to a distant market town, and sold for what they would fetch, because he could not raise the means to buy a few sheep or a cow to con sume them. If a favourable opportunity—of which every English farmer so well knows the advantage— presented itself of purchasing a little additional stock in a favourable season, or of withholding his wheat when the market was glutted with produce, and he was induced to endea vour t o b orrow a small sum till his real money, his fl oc k or hi s corn, could be con verted into money of the realm, the terms upon which alone such accommodation would be procured from the money-lender of his market town were most usurious. The usual terms, including expenses, were 20 per cent. Now the newbanks, th e representa tives of English capital, rendered most important services to a class of men who stood most in need of assistance, and deserved it most. They lent to far mers, of whose good character and conduct they were assured, at moderate interest, small sums, from as low a sum as 10/. upwards. And competent wit nesses, of all creeds and parties, have assured us, that from the judicious assistance thus rendered, the face of whole agricultural districts in Ireland became in a few years entirely better cultivated, drained and stocked ; and, more over,giel:l:irtlheg before ed hint a b m u e t the moral condition of the people was improved. The poor farmer formerly e : t a m w a life of inevitable penury and hardship. H e now had hope of bettering his condition. And with hope energy arose, and self-respect took the place of reckless despondency. Becoming a happi er , he became a bet ter man. Thou san d s i n Ireland can ' vouch for the truth of what we say. Upon this successful attempt to raise the state of a people the effecct of Peel's Bill of 1844 fell like a withering blight. The harvest and potato crop of 1846 failed. A few millions of gold were exported to pay our foreign baker's bill, and then succeeded that dreadful artificial dearth of money, by which all the industrious energies of the United kingdom were paralysed. Th e Irish bankers were forced to refuse assistance to the people just at the very time when they wanted it most. The circulation of the Irish banks of issue in 1846 was 7,800,0001., and in May, 1847, it was 4 , 800 ,0001., " being a dimi nution," says the Manager of the Provincial Bank of Ireland to the Committee of the House of Lords on the commercial distress of 1847, " of no les s th an 3 , 000,000/. of bank-notes in such a poor cou n t ry as I re l an d." Yes ! if England, with its almost unbounded wealth, was brought to the very verge of ruin by the effects of the disastrous and mistaken monetary policy of Sir Robert Peel, in 1847, what must have been the effects produced in a country so poor as I re l an d ? The House of Lords' Committee reported that Peel's Bill of 1848 m aterially aggravated the p an i c, and we have no hesitation in saying that the operati on o f that statute " materially aggravated' , the direful effects of the Irish famine. providence t oo k away a large portion of the nations food ; the band o f man withdrew the means of supplying the defi ciency. And we speak the opinion of sensible, practical men—men who d o not profes s t o under stand the currency question — when w e say that Ma ny of the landowners shared their fate. The imm ense the banking operations, and consequent fi nanc i al condition of Ireland, has not yet recover e d th e shock 0f1847. TCherefdairtmwerassals a bodyentirely shaken, if not de stroyed.were ruined. amount of the circulating medium withdrawn, has never been replaced. By the last return the Irish Banks of Issue are still 2,332,237/. below their fixed issue. So easy is it to destroy credit and con fid ence, so hard to eff ec t th e i r res t o ration. The time, we are convinced, will come when the truths which we h ave endeavoured to illustrate will be received as being as evident as they are important. And with that con viction we do not despair of a better s t a t e of things when the prosp e rity o f the sister country w ill react ' on and promote that of our own, and w h en common interests and common feelings will render us in reality the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Oxford University Commission met yes terday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, in Downing-street. Present—The Bishop of Norwich, the Dean of Carlisle, the Master of Pembroke, the Rcv. H. G. Liddell, J. L. Dampier, Esq , the Rev. Professor Powell, the Rev. G. H. S. Johnson, and the Rev. A. P. Stanley (secretary). Dispatches from the Governor of New South 'Vales, and also from the Governor of South Aus tralia, were received yesterday at the Colonial-office. THE GREAT EXHIBITION. The first day of the last week of the Exhibition has pissed off in a manner at once gratifying and surprising. Everybody was prepared for a great ac cession of numbers to the usual average of shilling visitors, but the most extravagant expectations could hardly have anticipated anything so remarkable as the actual reality. Yesterday 107,815 people entered the building, and the sum of 5,1751. 16s. was taken at the doors. Facts so astounding speak for them selves, and derive no additional force from expatiat ing upon them. Were it not so, we should despair of describing the scene which the interior presented. Popular demonstrations are always grand. Taking place in such an arena they exercise a transcendent and overpowering influence. In the presence of such an assemblage as yesterday was collected together the highest triumphs of industry and art are forgot ten, and the mind has only time to think of that great mass of humanity tendering its homage at the shrine of Labour, and vindicating the nobility of toil. If any lingering doubts have been entertained that the Crystal Palace has not been popular among the masses, its closing hours will set them completely at rest. Great as the influx of visitors was yesterday, it will most probably rise still higher today ; but it is satisfactory to think that however vast the numbers that present themselves the building will be found capable of accomodating them all. The dreaded limit of 100,000 spectators has now been exceeded, and without any extraordinary inconvenience. In the Crystal Palace, as elsewhere, the people are their own best police, and from hour to balanced hour cro w d s l eave to make room for the gathering early as 11 and o'clo a c r k riva a ls and that so t theba tide that en t ers . Y esterday they began to ooze away were t he a s depart ureswell closed it was possibl e , w i t h out much effort, to make a systematic and eff ec t ua l survey of all the principal objects and depart men t s . W e have no doubt that with considerably increased numbers this will con tinue to be the case, and a sanguine hope is enter tamed tbat no pressure will arise so great and incon venient as to render it necessary to check the flow of visitors. That nearly 108,000 people should within one day and under one roof have enjoyed the grandest spectacle that the world has ever witnessed is of it self a sufficient marvel, hut that they should have done so without a single known casualty to life or property is almost incredible. So, however, it is, and we leave to revolutionary and discontented minds the study of facts which place in so clear and un questionable a light the love of order and the genuine kindliness of spirit which pervade all classes of our population. Yet, while we dwell with a natural complacency on those evidences of a happy and pros perous people, circumstances are constantly occurring to warn us of possible disaster. Such an event took place yesterday. Shortly after three o'clock, and when upwards of 100,000 persons were in the building, the Duke of Wellington entered at the east end, and was loudly cheered by those who recognised him. The intelli gence soon spread in the eastern half of the edifice, and the crush and crowding which ensued to catch a glimpse of the veteran, was such as to produce a momentary sensation of apprehension as to the fate of the building. Thousands ran along the galleries, and each court and avenue poured its torrent into the nave, while numbers in the transept hearing the dis tant noise, and seeing the confusion, but ignorant of its cause, rushed out of the building, under the ap prehension that some casualty had occurred. By dint of pure physical force Superintendent Pearce, and several other police-officer s , su c c ee d e d in opening a narrow pathway for the Dake—who, after having passed through the eastern half of the building, left at the southern entrance, where he mounted his horse and departed, amid the cheers of thousands outside the building. It is most satisfactory to state that not a single accident occurred; and those who have on former occasions favoured the public with their opi nions as to the destructive effect of the rapid and irregular movement of an immense crowd upon the building, will be surprised to hear that not a single girder or " snag" has given way ; and we may add that, although upwards of 100,000 persons were pre sent in the building, there were many portions of it which were comparatively unoccupied by the masses, the nave and transept being, of course, the most crowded portions of the building. A chart, showing by diagrams the fluctuations in the number of visitors during the time that the Ex• hibition has been opened, was yesterday completed by the Sappers and placed in the transept. It is a pro duction of great merit and of much public interest, resembling those scales of mountain elevations which are usually prefixed to atlases. The shilling days form themselves into the iiiinlayas and Andes of this return ; the half-crown and five shilling days being represented by heights of much lower altitude. The loftiest peak, rising to a maximum of more than 70,000, will now be far eclipsed by the results of yes terday, and it is pr o b a bl e t h at w i th i n the next five days still greater and more astounding figures will he reached. In the meantime, it would appear that Tuesdays have been the chief shilling days, Mondays coming next ; after these Thursdays, and Wednesdays j being the worst. Of the two half-crown days, Fri day seems to be that which brings with it the largest amount of popularity at the Crystal Palace. A trial has taken place before the Cleveland Agri cultural Society of the respective merits of APCor inack's and Hussey's American reaping machines, and the report of the jury of practical men appoint e d by the consent of both parties to decide the question of merit is favourable to the latter implement. This decision throws considerable doubt upon the justice of the award of a great medal at the Exhibition to M'Cormack's : but, however interesting the matter may be to the individuals themselves, it does not much affect our farmers. Both the reaping machines, valuable as they are, are capable of great improve ment, and we confidently hope that before next harvest comes round such changes may be made upon them, and such new features introduced, as may render the examples now exhibited comparatively antiquated and out of date. SURREY THEATRE. The opera season at this well-managed theatre, which has now reached the eighteenth week, has hitherto been signalised by several popular and well executed productions. Last evening Norma was per formed for the first time, the Druid priestess being personated by Madlle. Deville, from the Grand Opera, Geneva, who, without attempting to invest the cha racter with the terrible earnestness of Grisi, or to dazzle her auditors with any marvellous fioriture, achieved a decided and legitimate success. Mad Le. Deville is a finished and pleasing vocalist, her voice, although not of extraordinary compass, possesses much sweetness, flexibility, and clearness, and she sings with taste, feeling, ease, and expression. She created a very favourable impression, being warmly applauded throughout, and led on at the conclusion of the opera in compliance with the general call. The " Casta Diva" (" Gentle Goddess" in the English version), was beautifully given, and enthusiastically encored. The other parts were efficiently sustained. Miss Poole received much merited applause as Adelgisa ; Travers sang with great spirit as Pollio; and the fine organ of Borrani, who was in magnificent voice, was heard to high advantage in the role of Oroveso. The orchestra,_ under the con duct of Herr M e y er L utz , fulfilled its functions admirably, and, altogether, the manner in which Norma was presented reflects the utmost credit on the resources of the establishment. The house was crowded in every part before the rising of the curtain. ACCIDENT TO CAPTAIN CODRINGTON.—This gen tleman was d r i v i ng home from Windsor between ten and eleven o'cl oc k on Tuesday night in his dog-cart, after having travelled f rom town by the Great Western Railway. On turning an abrupt corner leading out of Peascod-streetlinto the New-road, it is supposed the wheel of the vehicle caught the kerb-stone, and by the sudden jerk the driver was thrown out, and fell on his head. He was picked up out of a pool of blood senselees, and carried into the Criterion public- house, where every attention was Faid to him by Mr. Grover, the landlord, and Mr. Earengey, the surgeon; and it was not discovered until the following day, when the unfortunate gentleman regained his consciousness, who he was. It was afterwards ascertained that the horse pro ceeded steadily home, a distance of five miles, through narrow lanes and abrupt turnings, without accident, and must, by the tracks, first have gon e h ome , a nd the gate being fastened, he afterwards proceeded to the blacksmith's shop in the village where it was in the habit of being shod, and where it was discovered waiting quietly at the door at four o'clock in the morning. Mn. RAMSHAY'S CASE.—A tneetiug-of the Com mittee for the Protection of the Liberty of the Subject and the Press was held yesterday afternoon, at which a memorial to the Chancellor of the Duchy was agreed to, p r aying that his Lordship would be ple ased t o b o l d, in Liverpool o r i ts R immediate neighbourhood, a court of inquiry into th conduct of Mr. amshay since his ac qu itt a l by his Lordshipe from the former charges made against him and the resumption of his sittings, and, if the facts set forth in the nlemorial be esta blished against him, as the memorialists confidently believe they can be, that his Lordship be pleased to remove Mr. Ramahay from the office of Judge of the County Court, and to appoint another judge, of learning, temper, and modera tion, in his stead. Messrs. Broadwood, the pianoforte manufacturers, have presented to the Royal Society of Musicians the splendid grand pianoforte, in ebony case, which has attracted so much notice at the Exhibition. The sale of this instru ment will doubtless realise several hundred pounds, and the funds of the society will thus again benefit, as they have on LADY (tier Ma§i9a9, by too Alegrz.l3o4dwood§' THE LIVERPOOL COUNTY COURT.—LIVERPOOL, MoNDAT.—The following second edition of the AMion fur nishes important news as to the p ro b a bl e f a t e o f M r . Ram slaiaar h:litc6We have been informed this morn ing, o n a u th or ity I;we can place the most implicit reliance, that th e Carlisle has expressed himself to the effect that h e oE.s y l ; feels, exceedingly pained at the recent proceedings which have taken place in the County Court; and that it is his Lordship's intention to act in the matter with promptness, yet with due regard to the lawful forms. We understand his Lordship will arrive at the Lancaster Railway station about noon this day." It appears (says our correspondent), that the person addressed by the Earl of Carlisle is Mr. Wm. Brown, M.P., and the letter is spoken of as being couched in the very strongest and most emphatic terms. There can, therefore, be very little doubt that Mr. Ramehay will not og4ia ftiactww iz givpvl! TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 7, 1851. THE CAPTURE OF A GANG OF WHOLESALE SWINDLERS. On S aturday last the Police-court at Plymouth was crowded by persons anxious to listen to one of the most extraordinary investigations (adjourned from the previous Wednesday) which has engaged the attention of the bench for some years, and which exposes an attempt at swindling upon a very large scale. It appears that early in the month of Sep tember there arrived in Plymouth two men of mid dle age and respectably attired, who forthwith took premises for the ostensible purpose of carrying on business as general outfitters and army and navy con tractors. Having engaged a store on Sutton-wharf, in the possession of Mr. Hicks, wine -merchant, a painter was employed to announce to those resorting to that locality that Rudwell's Stores were there situated, and a plentiful supply of letter-paper was procured, each sheet bearing the printed heading of " Sutton-wharf; Plymouth. Ship Stores Warehouses, General Outfitter, Army and Navy Contractors &c." As the business to be transacted was intended to be of the most extensive description, a counting-house became necessary, and for this purpose a room in Tin -street was hired, at the moderate sum of half-a crown a week, and here, during the hours of busi ness, Mr. Rudwell and his more retiring partner, Mr. Palmer, were generally to be found, each seated at a de k, conducting a voluminous correspondence with most of the principal contributors to the Great Exhibition, the Official Catalogue supplying them with the names and ad dresses of the various exhibitors. As the trade to be carried on was to be large, of course the orders were liberal, and assistance being deemed necessary the principals in the business were joined about a week after their arrival by a younger man, of smart appearance, calling himself William James Widdi combe. He acted as clerk, and James Maddick, a labourer, whom the principals met with on the quay, was employed as storekeeper and porter. The first fruits of the extensive correspondence carried on by the firm was the arrival of a large parcel, consigned to their address, on the 20th of September, and every succeeding day witnessed the advent of other goods, of a most miscellaneous description. There was an odd commingling of copperas and broadcloths, locks, and blankets, lamps and trouserings, hides and chi cory, tweeds and iodine, canvas and saddles, twines and cooking apparatus, velveteens and ship's sheath ing, cotton twist and oatmeal, compound levers and a lifting jack. But numerous as were the arrivals of goods, equally brisk appeared to be the sale, for not a single parcel remained in th e s t ore more than ' a couple of hours ere it was disposed of in some way or other, and it would seem in certain instances at prices which:would have enabled Rudwell to assert with greater truth than is the case sometimes with traders, that he was indeed making an alarming sacrifice. For example, the lifting jack above mentioned, the in voice price of which was 81., was no sooner delivered at the store than it was entrusted to the respectable agency of Messrs. Skardon and Sons, who were in structed to sell it for 2/, if a purchaser could be pro cured at that sum. Oil-cake, too, the trade price for which is 121. 10s. per ton, was offered for sale to Mr. Parrott, of Buck well-street, through the instrumen tality of Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, for 71. 10s. per ton. Other goods were pledged at the office of Mr. Toms, pawnbroker, by Widdicombe. Such was the state of things until Tuesday last, when Superintendent Gib bons proceeded, in company with Inspector Thomas and Sergeant Hicks, to arrest Palmer and his clerk Widdicombe (who was discovered to have been living here under the assumed name of Matthews), as they were walking together from the railway station towards George-place, the charge being, that they had, in conjunction with Rudwell, obtained large quantities of goods under false pretences. Palmer, who described himself as -a labourer, said "very well," and Widdicombe, alias Matthews, stated himself to be a clerk in the service of Rudwell, and was altogether innocent of the offence charged against him. Rudwell was also apprehended the same evening, and on Wednesday morning the trio appeared before the magistrate, in custody of the officers, charged as above stated. The sitting ma gistrates were the mayor and Messrs. Coryndon and Hawker : Mr. Lavers attending on the part of the Trades' Protection Society, and applying for a remand in order to give the police time to institute the ne cessary inquiries. After hearing the whole of the evidence then forthcoming against the prisoners, and by which the foregoing statement was fully supported, the prisoners were remanded to Saturday. Mr. Nahum Cornbloom, who had left, came back after the case had been heard, and was advised by the mayor to give up the goods he had received of Rudwell into the possession of a third party. In a very independent manner he refused to do anything of the kind, told the mayor he would rather take his money than his advice, asked Mr. Poillips what was the price of a brief, said he defied them to do anything to him; he had not bought stolen goods; he was "too deep" for that, and would never give up the goods till they were paid for. From the evidence produced on Saturday it ap peared that on Wednesday evening upwards of two tons of goods arrived by railway for Rudwell and Co., which is in possession of the police, and that a letter, badly spelt and badly written, from the wife of Rudwell, has fallen into the hands of the superinten dent, but it contains no information of which use can he made. It was dated " London," and bore the sig nature of "Ann." Another letter dated from Man n chester, which came to hand on Thursday, charges Rudwell with being an impostor, and threatens him with exposure, the writer alleging that he (Rudwell) had carried on his fraudulent practices in a great number of towns, assuming the name of " Cox," when at Wolverhampton, then as " Smith," of Birmingham, as " Mill," of Liverpool, afterwards as " Edwards," 0..1 Manchester, and more frequently as " Darling ton," of Portsmouth. A large quantity of goods ar rived to the address of the firm, on Thursday, and are now detained in charge of Pickford and Co., rail way -contractors. About two tons of oil cake also came by steamer, for which Cornbloom was found to be on the look out. The police accordingly waited until he bad paid the freight, when they then stepped in and seized the lot, much to the chagrin of the hard-mouthed money-lender, who threatens to cite Superintendent Gibbons and his men in the high court of Westminster. It was also stated that a fresh lot of goods and sundry invoices came to hand on Friday morning, and that the police at the same time obtained information which was deemed sufficiently important to justify the immediate departure of In spector Thomas per mail train for the metropolis. The nature of the evidence was such as to induce the bench, after a lengthened examination of wit nesses, to farther remand the prisoners to Wednes day next. Mr. Rudwell, on being asked what he had to say against being remanded, contended that as he had his name over the door of the wharf; and was nowhere in debt in Plymouth, as he had not been applied to for money for the goods, but should be ready to pay on demand, he ought not to have been even taken into custody. As to Palmer, he was his (Rudwell's) friend, while Widdicombe was his clerk. If anything had been wrong, he entirely exonerated them from all participation in it, and was ready to bear the results himself. Palmer bad nothing to say, and Widdicombe said he had come from the office of Wilson and Gurney, bank solicitors, London, and could procure good re ferences. He asked if he might procure bail. He was told he must first procure his bail and then their worships would consider if it could be taken. Rudwell is evidently in bad health. The Hungarians in London yesterday attended mass in commemoration of the events of the 6th of October, or as the handbill explai ne d, i n memory of the defenders of constitutional liberty in Hungary, who, after the surrender of the Hungarian army to the Russians, were put to death by Austrian executioners. Their honoured names are dear to the lovers of liberty founded on law :--Count Louis Batthyany. Prime Minister; Count Ludislaus Csanyi, Minister of Commerce; Baron Sigismond Perenyi, Presi dent of the House of Peers; Baron Jeseenak, Lord Lieu tenant of the county of Nyitra ; Baron Szatsvay, Member and Secretary of the Diet; Prince Woronyieczky, Prince Czernus, Councillor of State; Major Murman, Major Abancourt. Prisoners of war, given up by Russia to the Austrian executioners, and hanged or shot at Arad on the 6th October, 18 49:—General Aulich, Minister of War; Lieut.-General Ernest Kissi, General Damianich, General Nagy Sandor, General Dessewffy, General Count Leiningen, cousin of her Majesty Queen Victoria; General Count Veesey, General Tork, General Lahner, General Baron Pol tenberg, General Kuesich, General Schvsidl, General Count Lazar, Colonel Kazinczy. THRONGED STATE OF THE CITY STREETE.—Yer terday the main thoroughfares of the City were thronged is a manner perhaps never before witnessed. Every omnibus travelling in th e di rect i on o f t h e G reat Exhibition was filled inside and out during the day, and from the Poultry to St. Swithin's-lane a file of persons, not less than three deep, were waiting for hours in vain in the earlier part of the forenoon, for conveyances. The Royal Exchange was visited by thousands, and the Guildhall, the Post-office, and most of the public places were thronged. Many of the visitors were from Wales and the northern parts of England, and some had come 80 far as from the United States of America. CRYSTAL HALL.—A new and original polka has been produced at this agreeable place of entertainment. It is called the " 'West-End Polka," and i s understood to be from the pen of Miss Kirkham, a you ng l a d y favourably known in musical circles as a brilliant pianist. Th e polka is a spirited and lively piece of composition, and commands a good deal of applause every time it is played. DEER STALKING.—In the island of Lewis a num ber of gentlemen are enjoying first-rate eport in Sir James Matheson's deer-forests. One of the party, D. Robertson, Esq., of Ladykirk, in the course of an hour and a half's ab sence from the Castle, stalked and shot two stags, right and left. One had royal horns, and the other a head; with ten antlers. The party at Reay Forest, among whom were Lord Colville, Lord Ward, and the Hon. Captain Charter's, have closed a brilliant season's shooting among the cornea of the far-west of Sutherlaudshire. In five weeks they bagged 66 red-deer, viz., 20 hinds and 46 stags. The horns of one of the last that was shot spanned 34 inches. We have also heard that Mr. Campbell of Jura has shot to his own gun, in the i§land 91 Harrig, 36 red dem—int:emu Courier. LONDON TEMPERANCE LEAGUE. Yesterday evening Exeter-hall was once more filled with the bodies and oratory of those great self-styled regenerators of mankind—the advocates, disciples, and friends of total abstinence. The object of the meet ing was to originate a society in London which was to succeed to the demonstration committee, and by means of meetings, advice, and exhortation, reclaim the still uaitiated public from the errors of their ways. A letter was read from Mr. Lawrence Heyworth, M.P., regretting his unavoidable absence, and then Mr. G. CRUIRSHANII, who took the chair in the absence of Mr. Heyworth, made a few opening re marks. He said that he was always ready to do his best in such a cause. He regretted the absence of Mr. Hey worth, but, at the same time, he was glad to hear the news his letter had conveyed, that the Americans, who went right one way and wrong another, as far as teetotalism was concerned were doing right. It was only by adopt ing this great principle that they could raise them selves to a position which they could never attain without it, for till they abstained from intoxicating liquors they would never rise to the proper station of a civilized country. Mr. Cruikshank related an anecdote from a work ca l led " A Voice from the Diggins," which, he said, showed what demons men were who indulged in this sin. He could conceive no word but " devil" as appropriate to them, their language and actions were ao horrible. The anecdote told of two men, a Malay and Chinese, who were dying, and required a little brandy to sustain life, but the white men who were applied to refused, saying " Christian men wanted spi r i ts, and they were not I going to give them to black cattle." The mere idea of those men, who ripped up each other with bowie knives, calling themselves Christians! He hoped that this great and holy question would be allowed to stand by itself. They had nothing to do with politics. A person in speaking might inadvertently bring in subjects foreign to the purpose, but he hoped s th! would even abstai n f rom men ti on i ng anything else even the Peace Congress—which, although a most excellent and important question, ought to be let alone at this time. He again begged that they would lee the question of teetotalism stand by itself; and, having made these few observations, he proceeded to the business of the evening, by calling on the secretary to read the report. The report opened with a glowing account of the grand week of the festivities held in August. It would take too much room to give the recital of the whole series of entertainments, but we will be content to mention one or two to show the halo—the atmo spere of pleasure thrown round their proceedings, for the benefit, doubtless, of their new disciples. "On Tuesday, by the special permission of the Royal Commissioners, the Crystal Palace was opened one hour earlier than usual to admit the total abstainers, who visited it in great numbers; and some criterion is afforded us by the police returns, which show 47,000 to have entered the building during the fir,st hour and a half —say by half -past ten o'clock—in altogether unprecedented occurrence." "On Wed nesday, the 6th of August, after the public breakfast at the London Tavern, at which 300 were present, Mr. J. S. Buckingham in the chair—the Royal Surrey Zoological Gardens, which had been secured by the demonstration committee for the day, was thronged by such a vast gathering of teetotallers as was never before convened, and presented a spectacle never to be forgotten." After this opening the report mentioned a balance in the hands of their treasurer of 5301., who was troubled what to do with it ; but it said, " P er h aps of all the embarrass ments presenting themselves to the committee none were greater than was the solution of the question, how shall the balance be made to subserve the great principles of temperance most effectually ?" They settled the question happily, and founded the London Temperance League. They said, "We must, how ever, state our conviction that the first principles of teetotalism are not understood by the immense ma jority of the denizens of this great city. Daily ob servation and experience prove this. Men of intellect, high in influence and of admirable business habits, are found to be poor opponents to the uneducated teetotaller, far less to such leaders in the cause as Dr. Lees and others." The report concluded with a dim shadowing forth of pleasures (equal to those described in the commencement of its pages) in store for their novices, as, after announcements of monthly lectures and meetings and quarterly soirees to be held, they continued,— " A pee, perhaps a bazaar, in the R o y a l Surrey G ar d ens nextsummer, will, in all probability, be carried out by the executive committee." This and " more, according to our means." But to do all these things they required money, and 1,0001. was the sum demanded, and after stating that they (the com mittee) were willing to undertake all the toil, " we appeal with confidence to the liberal supporters of our cause, that at this critical juncture in the history of teetotalism the helmsman may be relieved of all anxiety respecting pecuniary liabilities, which would but retard the movement at a time when not a moment must be lost." A collection was made, and then Mr. BEGGS delivered an inaugural address of some length. After alluding to the Crystal Palace, the sanitary condition of the people and some other inci dental circumstances, he proceeded as follows : " Many of the leading organs of the press now conde scend to notice us, but they betray a total misunder standing of our principles, and it is necessary that they should be informed. Witness the writer in Household Words, in his article ' Whole Hogs,' as also in the Examiner. The mistake they commit is that we call upon the sober portion of the public to give up a good thing because some men abuse it." After mentioning that the Examiner took this view, he continued—" It is the old, never-to-be-slain argu ment, of use and abuse; and, although it can be proved by any one capable of the most ordinary method of induction to be pure nonsense, yet it is con sidered as a strong ground for taking a glass ; and the parson, the magistrate, the judge, and the teacher, as well as the gentleman of the press, continue to discuss their daily pint or bottle of wine, their glass of gin and-water, or the pot of half-and-half ; but," con tinued Mr. Beggs, " supposing alcohol to be as harm less as potatoes, or sugar, or milk, yet, seeing the mis chief it produces, we are called upon to abstain. I assert that cards, dice, racing, theatres, and all the fashionable follies and amusements of the age, have not produced, taken altogether, so many evils as th e v i ce o f drink ing." They asked them to give up drinking because God had written on the constitution of man, as plainly as light was written upon the suuboams, that alcohol was not suited to men in health, but was the enemy of the digestive faculties of the human body. Mr. Beggs continued to show the large sums of money spent on spirits, spoke of the anomaly of a magistrate sitting one day to license public-houses, and on another inflicting punishment on those who got drunk in them ; also of legislators making laws against, and ministers of religion speaking against these places, to which, by their daily practice in drinking themselves, they gave sanction and encou ragement. He encouraged them, besides having faith in their principles, to have faith in humanity, and not to think that any one was sunk so low as to be ut terly helpless, and also urged that they ought to have faith in themselves. He did not mean to inculcate dogmatism, vanity, or any idea of pharisaical im portance, but they should believe the temperance re formation to be their business, and do their best for it. They required wisdom as well as faith, charity as well as love. Above all, he enjoined on them the importance of increased individual exertion. After considering these and other topics at great length he concluded with the following prophetic aspiration : Let the teetotaller take courage. The day is not far distant when the simple principle he has adopted and laboured to diffuse will command the homage of the good and wise of every order of men; and, sanc tioned by God's blessing, will shed peace and healing from its wings. We cannot estimate its future pro gress by the past. Its seedtime is not yet over, but the harvest is begun. Whatever it may now be con sidered, future generations will not regard as a mere flight of visionary enthusiasm this record of my ex pectation; so that the historian of a futures ge, when looking back on the humble birth o f the total absti nence principle, will date from it a new era in civiliza tion, and place its propounder s i n t h e first ranks of the most useful, if not among the most illustrious bene factors of mankind: " Mr. F. W. limoo, an American teetotaller, next addressed the audience, and was received throughout with great applause. In speaking of the States, he mentioned that in one (Maine) the sale of • ' spirits was prohibited, and in another State, if a man got drunk his wife could sue the publican who supplied him with the liquor for damages. The CHAIRMAN rose and said, a question had been banded up to him, as chairman, asking what they said of the miracle of our Saviour at Cana of Galilee when he turned water into wine. He could only say, that if they could not answer this as well as every other question satisfactorily, they would give up their prin ciple. He would ask, in return, did any of them think that our Saviour ever partook of wine ?—(No, no.) The question was answered. A vote of thanks to the chairman terminated the proceedings. DEATH FROM POISON. Yesterday an inquest was held by Mr. William Carter, at the Gregorian Arms Tavern, Lower-road, Bermondsey, r espect i ng the death ofMr. Frederick Robert Bolton, aged 41 years, an Excise officer, who was accidentally poisoned. Mr. R. T. Russell, of No. 12, Thornton-street, Horselydown, stated, that on Thursday evening last, about six o'clock, two persons brought the deceased into his surgery, in a state of great exhaustion. De ceased was perfectly sensible, but cold and pulsAess. Witness asked the deceased a few questions, when he replied that he had been requested by a friend to taste some aconite, and wished to know if witness knew the nature of it. Witness replied in the affirmative, and asked him if he had taken any, when he told witness it was a part of his duty at the Excise -office to test such compounds, and he believed he bad swal lowed about a teaspoonful of the mixture. Witness knowing that aconite was a deadly poison, then con sidered the deceased would unquestionably die. CORONER— What effect has aconite upon the system ? Witness—lt will cause violent sainting, vertigo, and vomiting, with oppressed breathing, &c., but does not deprive persons of utterance. CORONER—What quantity would produce death ? Witness—Twenty drops. It is commonly called " wolt's bane," and a teaspoonful might hold about 120 drops. Deceased must have taken sufficient to kill five persons. Witness gave the deceased ammo nia, but he threw it up immediately. Other remedies were adopted, but the deceased became exceedingly exhausted, and expired shortly afterwards. 'Witness had since made a post mortem examination of the body. The viscera was in a gorged condition, with dark fluid blood. The heart was in a similar state, but in structure quite health 3. The whole of the intestinal canal was much congested. The stomach seemed healthy, but had been acted upon by some violent ir ritant. Witness, from all the circumstances, fully believed that the deceased had been deceived in the contents of the bottle, and had tasted it by his own free will. The poison usually destroys life in three to five hours. Other evidence having been offered, The Learned CORONER remarked at great length on the testimony of the witnesses, and said the death of the deceased gentleman was to be deeply lamented, and he should certainly recommend the Commissioners to adopt some immediate steps for the prevention of such unfortunate accidents. The jury unanimously concurred and returned the following special verdict : " That the deceased met his death accidentally, and they (the jury) would suggest to the Commissioners of Inland Revenue that when any article of a poiso nous character is imported, the permit should bear the word poison as well as the nature of the article itself." SUICIDE ON THE SOUTLI-EASTERN RAILWA.k. On Saturday, about one o'clock, r.m., th e usua ll y quiet locality of Cold Harbour-lane, leadin g f rom Brixton to C am b e r we ll, was thrown into a stat e o f intense excitement, from the following awful occur rence :—At the time in question a man in the garb of a painter, carrying some pots of colour and brushes, was observed to proceed down Pollard's-grove, a re tired spot in the rear of the Green Man public-house. Shortly after, the report of a pistol was heard, and on persons pr ocee di ng to t h e spot the man was perceived running away, blood flowing profusely from his head. He had left the paint sand brushes behind him, and carried in his hand a large pistol, but which a gentle man who followed succeeded in taking away from him. The alarm drew together several of the police of the P division from the Brixton station, who Joined in pursuit of the wounded man. He, nevertheless proceeded, notwithstanding the great loss of blood (which was tracked the whole distance), at a rapid pace in the direction of Forest Hill, and, before he could be overtaken, rushed through the railway station on to the rails, and deliberately threw himself before the 1.20 down train, which passed over him,.and thus terminated his existence. The body, dreadfully mutilated, was picked up and conveyed to the Dartmouth Arms contiguous. The name of the deceased, it has been ascertained, was James Hard ing, by trade a painter and grainer, and resided at 5, Elizabeth-place, South-street, Walworth, and he has left a widow and nine young children to deplore their father's unhappy end. The cause for commit ting so dreadful and rash an act cannot be ascertained at present. Yesterday Mr. Carttar, the coroner for East Kent, held an inquest on the body, when, after some con sultation, the jury returned an open verdict, to the effect—" That the deceased was killed by being run over by one of the South-Eastern Company's trains, but whether by accident or his own wiltul act there was not evidence to show." SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TA TTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY. The current set so strong against Mokanns, so long the leading favourite fur the Ceearewitch, that from 7 to 1, laid early in the afternoon, he declined in the first instance to 10 to 1, and finally to 15 to 1. laid to 2001., and afterwards offered currently. This lett Darkie in posses ion of the premiership, Hippolytus, against whom 20 to 1 was betted at one time, being s* cond favourite at the c!ose. Trickstress, Terpsichore, and Windischgratz, were in some favour, and Grand Duke was sent out of the market; in cll other respects the betting was dull and unimportant. CESAREWITCH STAKES. 14 to 1 agst Mr. Crawford's Darkie 15 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Hippolytus —taken 15 to 1 agst Lord H. Lennox's Mokanna 20 to 1 agst Mr. Sauuders's Trickstress—taken 25 to 1 agst Mr. Carew's Windi3chgratz—taken 30 to 1 agst Mr. Farrance's Terpsichore—taken 40 to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Backbiter —taken 50 to 1 agst Mr. Herbert's The Grand Duke 1,000 to 15 agst Capt.Lowther'sKing Charming—taken Confidence and Sir Charles are scratched. CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES. 7 to 1 agst Mr. A. Nichol's Newminster—taken 20 to 1 agst Mr. H. Robinson's Confidence 5,000 to 50 agst Lord Cardross's The Ebor—taken DERBY. 100 to 6 agst Lord Eglinton's Claverhouse 18 to 1 agst Lord Zetland's Augur—taken 25 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Daniel O'Rourke —taken 28 to 1 agst Lord Ribblesdale's Lapidist—taken 50 to 1 agst Mr. S. H awkes ' s Womersley—taken 50 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's P e l op id as—taken • REPAIRIAG A FACTORY CHIMNEY. James Wright, alias's Sieeple Jeck," having engaged to repair the large chimney belonging to Messrs. Jelin Wood end Co., cotton F. piuners and power-loom cloth manufacturers, Sovereign Mills, Wigan, commenced his operation by flying a paper kite, and thereby throwing a chain with cords attached across the top of the chimney, by which means he ascended the top, and fixed his blocks and materials ready for work. The chimney is about 14 feet square at the base, bulges a little for a few yards in height, and then tapers to the top, where it is 4 feet 4 inches Equate, with a belt little below of about 7 feet. The total height of the chimney is about 52 yards. Tho chimney was in a dilapidated state, having a crack of dtcayed and broken bricks about 100 feet in length on the south-western square, in some places two feet broad, and also a long fissure on the north-eastern square, besides several smaller cracks on other portions of the chimney. Jack having got apparatus compl e t e , h e and his assistant his in began rigg e, g •ork by removing the broken bricks and replacing them with new ones, without the aid of a scaffolding, and then proceeded to fill up the assures with cement, repairing all the damaged parts, until the chim ney had almost the appearance of a new one. He next placed eighteen iron girders at equal distances round the chimney, consisting of bars, bolts, and corner plates tightly screwed up, and this task he accomplished with equal skill, and without scaffolding. He completed his task of repairs on Monday last, by hurling from the top of the chimney, at an angle of 20 feet, and clear of the roof of the engine-house, four large loose stones, weigh ing about 2 cwt., which were replaced with bricks, 18 inches long, 9 inches broad, and 6 inches thick, and weighing about 841bs each. The skilful manner in which the work has been performed, without the ex pense of scaffolding, and with only one day's stoppage of the works whilst topping the chimney, has been a matter of surprise. —Preston Chronicle. PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT SOUTHAMPTON. — The total number of foreign passengers who landed in South ampton Docks during September was 5,464, showing an in_ crease over the corresponding month of 1850 of 2,734. The 5,464 passenge rs b roug ht 10 , 666 pac k a ges of bagga ge, and comprised 3,705 foreigners, of whom 2,717 were m a l es, 920 females, and 68 children. The total number of from France (principally from Paris) during the month was 2,928. CAUGHT AT LAST.--A few weeks ago, Mr. John Swann, of Milton, had a number of sheep worried to death by a dog. The owner of the suspected animal was cau tioned; but to no purpose. On Tuesday night, Phill i p Cook, the Ditton policeman, saw Neal's dog (of Bait s bi te), a large ferocious animal, making the best of his w a y h ome, as though he had been doing something he ought to be ashamed of. The next morning six sheep, belonging to the Rev. Mr. James, vicar of Litton, were found worried in a ditch, five being dead, the other lingering, s us p i. cion fell upon Thomas Neal's dog, and h e was " taken into custody," tried by a court martial of villagers, and sen tenced to be shot, which was immediately carried into exe cution. There was strong circumstantial evidence in the case; but to make assurance doubly sure of his guilt, a post mortem examination was made, and sure enough, his capa cious stomach was filled with mutto n , w i t h wool Attlohed. _ Cambridge Independent. 3 0: s r C e s c . e i 7 v a e . d ; atsu thissugar, a r, 2 p , 0 5 r 35 t I f . o r I t:: or Dunurr.—The following is an last week, as compared with the corresponding week of last s ;, d l2 u L : 1 abstract li il E of l3 th it e T C us T t e o a m , year :—ln 1 851 . Id. ; tobacco, 4,527 k 12s. 11d.; wine, • 3 7 5 T r e i a . , 85 7 . ,1 2 1 d 5 . / i 1 1s 4 , s in . e, 5d 2 . ,3 ; 8 5 4 u 1 g 4 ar 5. , 1,681 t. Is. 4d.; spirits, 441/. 17s. 10d• ; miscellaneous, 4331. 10s. ; total, spirits, 4741. 7s. 2d. ; miscellaneous, 21 1 d, 6 3. , 7 7 2 4 ; 1 3 . 1. 19 5 3 3.. Bd. 9d. ; tobacco a l e 8 03 ;0 , 984/. 18s. lid. ; total, 16,859!. 12s. sd. Gar OF A PARK. —The park presented by Mrs. Robertson to the burgh of Kelso, is nearly ten acres in ex tent. It forms nearly a square, having entrances from pub lic roads on three sides. Not satisfied with this costly pre sent, and still determined that nothing should be wanting, Mrs. Robertson has presented the trustees with 500/, to be expended in completing the approaches, laying out walks, and otherwise adorning the ground. • The ground will be named "Shedden Park," in honour of Mrs. Robertson's late nephew, Robert Shedden, E•q., the owner and commander of the yacht Nancy Dawson, whicn is well known to the public as having rendered essential service in aiding the search for the lost Arctic expedition of Sir John Franklin, and as having been the only yacht that ever rounded Point Barrow and circumnavigated the globe.—A - elso Mail. SHREWSBURY AND HEREFORD RAILWAT.--The works throughout the whole of this line are rapidly pro gression towards completion. In the neighbourhood of Shrewsbury the operations are very much advanced, most of the bridges being completed, and the various cuttings and embankments in a forward state. At the other end of the line, in the neighbourhood of Ludlow, equally rapid progress has been made. The bridge over the river Corve is being carried on, and it is expected that the line will be completed as far lig Li;cll9rr 14 thy end of the year. THE Surf, LONDON,