The Sun. — London, England, 1850-02-25 00:00:00

any form of epidemic, endemic, or contagious disease, and to take without delay whet measures may be neces sary for the removal or mitigation of such cases as far may be possible. Of the value of the services which night be rendrel both to the bereaved family and to neighbcuring families by a medical man, a public officer, charged with the execution of such duties, and the full appreciation of that service on the part of those far whom it may be provided, the strongest conviction is enter tained :by those who are best acquainted with the wants and feelings of the poor. " The chief duties of such an officer, besides those which have been already stated, would be to make him self acquainted with the sanitary condition of the individual family in which the death has occurred; to give advice and assistatce with reference to the funeral and other matters which the occasion may require; to direct the removal of the corpse from single rooms oc cupied as living and sleeping rooms, by one family or more; to see that this removal is effected in a respectful manner, with all due attention to the wishes a nd feel ings of : the friends; to verify the cause as well as the fact of the death, where there has been no medical at tendant; to ascertain the cause of death from the medi cal attendant, where there has been one; to grant, when required, a certificate of the fact of death, whenever ap prehension ie entertained of premature interment ; to see that due care is taken of the bodies in the houses of reception; to make arrangements with the friends of the deceased, and with the officers of the cemeteries, as to the time and the mode of the removal of the dead, for the preservation c f regularity, quiet, and order; and to superintend and carry into effect the regulations of the authority charged with the execution of this branch of the public service. It is estimated that for the per formance of these duties, one chief officer of health, with eleven assistants, would suffice for the whole of the metropolis." EXPENSE OF FUNERALS. " We are now," says the Commissioners, "to consider the compara ive expense at which it is possible to carry in'o effect the proposed scheme of sepulture. "In the Westminster, Marylebene, Finsbury, the Tower Hamlets, and the City of London districts of the metropolis, there are upwards of 200 burial clubs, com posed chiefly of the labouring classes, comprising from 100 to 200 members each, and possessing aggregate amounts of deposits from 90/. to 1,0001. each, raised in contributions uf from 10. to 24. per wefk. These clubs pay as funeral expenses on the death of a member from 51. t) 10/. "From extensive inviries it appears tbat 5/. may be tsken as a low average rate of expense for the funeral of a working-man. "The present actual total charges to families for the funerals of adults, as ascertained from an examination of undertakers' bills, compared with what may be accom plished on the intended plan, is as fillows:— " The cost t) the gentry fur each funeral of an adult is 1001, the estimated cost under the proposed system of interments is 381. 10s., being a saving of nearly two thirds. First-cla:s tradesmen under the present system 50/., under the proposed system 16/. 10s , being a saving of more than two. thirds. Second-class tradesmen under the present system 291. 103., under the proposed system 91. 95., being a saving of more than two-thirds. Arti sans under the present system 5/., under the improved system 21. 10s., being a saving of one-half. The total annual saving upon the whole of the interments of the metropolis may be estimated in round numbers a' 350,0001 COST OF CEMETERIES. " We regard it as an essential principle of the pro posed system thet the expenses of elch interment shall Le comprised in one sum, fixed upon according to a series of pre-appointed and graduated scales. The determina tion and regalation of the charges under each scale wilt, of course, devolve on the authority appointed to carry this service into effect. Tim immediate outlay required for carrying the scheme into eff.?ct viii be: — For the construction of one large eastern water-side cemetery, reception-houses, 5z0....X250,000 For the extension of the Kensal-Green Ceme tery to constitute one large western cemetery 50,000 For the purchase of the whole of the existing metropolitan cemeteries and other burial grounds ••• This sum, borrowed en the security cf the dues, say at 5 per cent. interest, would be an an nual charge e f ••• ••• ... ... The estimated establishment charges on ceme teries, inclusive of the clergy, funeral rites, and officers of he a'th, and compensation for lass of fees, would be about ... ... ... 400,000 £700,000 35,000 77,000 Totsl annual amount of expenses of cemeteries X 112,000 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED PLAN. They then proceed:—" We have, in conclusion, to call attention to some of the uses which may be expected to be fulfilled by the adoption of this plan of sepulture. "1. It wilt put an end to intramural interment with all its attendant evils. 2. It will obviate any injurious effects on the public health from the practice of extramural intament. " If its principles are acted on, in any use that may be made of existing cemeteries care will be taken to inter pose between the spots where interments take place and neighbouring houses a sufficient space for the safety of the inhabitants; while the cite contemplated for a na tional cemetery is so remote from the metropolis as to render it highly improbable that it can ever be ap proachel by a suburban population. " From the concurrent testimony of grave-diggers, sextons, and others employed in churchyards, it appears that decomposition invariably goes on more rapidly near the roots cf trees than in any, other Flirts of the burial ground; that the earth is always much drier near the roots of tree.; than elsewhere; that the fibres of the roots are drawn towards the site of the grave, and are often observed to penetrate right through the decayed wood of the coffin lid. It is probable, therefore, that these roots are actively and uncEa3ingly at work absorbing the products of decomposition as they are evolved, and thus preventing their escape to the surface, and consequently their pernicious effects. "In this manner, by arresting these noxious matters in their course, the plant, instead of allowing them to go forth on an errand of destruction, retains them at the moment when they are about to be resolved into their physical elements, within the sphere of life, to recom mence a new cycle of organic, healthful, and useful ex- " It is report3d by Dr. Sutherland, that he found the great utility of vegetation in shortening the period of decay fully recognised abroad ; and that it was stated to him at Paris, as a reason for bur,ying only one body in a grave, that the quantity of vegetation which could be placed on the grave could dispose most readily of the gaseous matters of one body and shorten the period of interment by eating out the nutritious mater of the soil, but this was not the case where more than one body had bean buries, and that the quantity of organic matter was found to be much larger when the ground was reopened in such cases. " The action of vegetation in arresting the products of decomposition, and preventing them from reaching the surface, by recombining them into living and healthful ♦egetable structure", would afford a "imple and effectual means of putting an end to any further injury to the public health from the existing buria!-grounds, if, ofLer they have been finally closed, they were, wherever prac ticable, planted with tree.", and still preerved as surcd opoti. " By prober regulations as to the number of interments and the depth of the graves in suitable sitiations and soils, and by the aid of an abundant and healthy vegeta tion (which, however, it is impossible to obtain in crowded cities), the noxious matters evolved from ntt tural decomposition in the earth may probably be so diluted and dispersed se to remove almost entirely, if not entirely, any injurious influence from this source. " Since, therefore," they conclude, " it is practicable to remove all physical objections to burial—since its expense may be S 9 reduced as to obviate all ground of objection to it on the score of economy—and since moral considerations also are in favour of the practice, bearing in mind the universal fe3litigs of the population at the present time in all countries—it appears that, upon the whole, this is the most eligible and natural mode of dis posing of the dead. "3. By the regulation if the price of funerals at cer tain fixed scales of charges, and the payment of the whole cost of the funeral in one sum, it will relieve families, at the moment when they are the least capable of attention to such matters, from care or trouble, and from die possibility of extortion. 4. By the saving of expense, which will be effected by the whole if the interments being performed on ono system and under one direction, it will render the cost of burial moderate to all classes, and give to the poor the advantage of extramural interment at a reduction of the price which they at present pay for burial in the parochial grave) &rd. " 5. By the appointment of officers of health, and the establishment of houses of reception, it will diminish or remove the physical and moral evils which result from the long retention of the corpse in single living and sleeping rooms, and thus, for all these reasons, it will fulfil the primary object of the change, namely, the re moval of the whole of the sanitary evils which arise from the present practice of interment. " 6. It will greatly diminish the practice now so com mon of funeral processions in crowded streets. The body will be conveyed respectfully, but silently and unobtru sively, to the cemetery; and within the precincts of the cemetery only will the funeral procession be formed. Here there will be no noise or bustle, none of the dis cordant and inappropriate sounds and sights that meet the ear and eye in the busy city; no intrusion of the spirit and pursuit of traffic and gain; no persons will he present but those who are called there to take part in the solemn scene, and most of whom will have personal sympathy with it; whil e a ll t h e o bj ects that meet the senses and that call up associations in the minds of the real mourners, will be in harmony with their thoughts and feelings, and will tend to soothe them, as far as thing external can at such a moment exereiseasoaontyh-- leg influence. 7. It will increase the solemnity and impressiveness of burial. The pecu l iar observance and rites ca l cu l ate d to produce this effect must of course be different in dif ferent persons and classes, according to different modes and habits of thought and feeling, and different views of religion. But the ecclesiastical authorities will have it in their power to adopt the means which they may deem the best calculated for the performance of this last duty to the dead in the manner the most appropriate to the wishes and feelings of their respec iva religious commu nities. " The religious authorities with whom we have con sulted have represented to us their sense of the import ance of providing means for the celebration of funeral rites under circumstances which will naturally revive and strengthen the impressions and f:elings associa'el with the usual performance of divine service. They therefore deemit desirable that in the consecrated cart of the eastern cemetery a church should be erected of ;sufficient magnitude to obtain the effect of solemnity and improsetTeneis flit may be derived from ap- ' THE SUN, propriate architecture; and they are of opinion that, however the design and execution of such an edifice may fulfil this object, the end will be still more completely attained by the appropriation cf the building us a church in which, especially on the Sundays, the usual services of that day may be per formed. They have expresed their conviction that many would attend those services with peculiar interest, from the consciousness of their nearness at that moment to all that remains on earth of the objects of their affec tion; and that there would be no difficulty in rendering the celebration of funeral rites in a church thus doubly suggestive cf the most touching associations incompar ably more solemn and imposing than has hitherto been effected in this country, excepting, perhaps, in some rare instances, as ou the occasion of the interment cf royal persons, or of men whom the country has endeavoured to honour by the expression of national gratitude for natior al services. It might be very practicable to secure also the impressive accompaniment of music, whether by the performance of a single voluntary or by some form of choral service, and it is conceived that there are many on whom the compositions of our great masters would, on such an occasion, have an elevating and consoling effect; but these details must be confided to those who may be charged e ith the direction of this service in communication with ecclesiaEtical authorities. _ _ _ " In the unconsecrated part of the ground chapels may be erected, convenient for the celebration of funeral rites and the; performance of divine service, according to the modes of worship of those who dissent from the doctrine and ritual of the Church of England. "8. It will elevate the celebration of the funeral rites of the poor man, and tend to remove, in respect to the services of the Church in the performance of burial, the distinction between rich and poor. Though funerals may still differ in costliness, and be performed, accord ing to the scale chosen, with more or less expensive ma terials, a greater or fewer number of attendants, and so on, yet these differences need have no relation to the celebration of funeral rites. We concur in the earnest opinion expressed by clerical witnesses, that within the church, in the performance ef the religious service over the dead, there should be no distinction of persons, and that an important moral and religious object would be fulfilled by adherence to this principle. " 9. We also fully concur in the opinion which the same witnesses have expressed, that moral and religious purposes cannot fail to be answered individually and nationally, by making the abode of the dead a hallowed spot, and by investing it with the utmost solemnity and sacredness. The evidence which we have adduced con tains the strongest expression of opinion on the part both of clergymen and medical men—the best authori ties on this subject, for they truly know what passes in the crowded hovels of our dismal courts and alleys—that the familiarity with the dead which in numerous instances is at present forced upon the resi dents there, tends to brutalise the mind, to destroy the sense of the sacredness of life, and to predispose it to violence and crime; but all who are really acquainted with the humbler classes entertain the conviction that they are I eeuliarly susceptible of the moral and reli gious impressions naturally produced by the loss of re lathes and friends; that the solemn and impressive burial t f their dead would strengthen these impressions; and that the places in which their dead repose might be made instrumental in soothing, refining, and elevat ing their minds." This ends the report of the Board of Health on the subject of extramural inrerments—a docurn , nt which, if it be adopted in practice, will be p.. 1. haps the g reateA boon ever conferred upon the people or tnis metropolis, as well as upon the inhabitants of the country at large; but which, if it be set aside and suffered to remain as a " dead later," will form a monument of lasting disgrace to the Legislature. THE GREAT NATIONAL CEMETERY. The report of the Board of Health describes the site of the intended national cemetery, without de signating the spot. It is, according to that document, perfectly satisfactory with respect to the requisites of :situation, surface, sail, extent, and accessibility. Situated on the river shore, forming part of the do main of an ancient abbey, occupying a gradual slope, rising 80 feet above the level of the water at high tides ; of an irregular broken surface, consisting for the most part of undulations and slopes—ample in ex tent—standing on a bed of strong sand, from 70 to 80 feet in depth, which is superposed upon a chalk bottom of from 270 to 300 feet thick—perfectly free from rivulets, or land springs, or any other cause of offence in conjunction with sepulture—with the ad vantage of river side as well as railway conveyance— and distant from London-bridge by railway half an hour, by steamboat one hour and a-quarter, the ques tion naturally arises, what part of the vicinity of the metropolis complies with these conditions ? The chalk formation in contiguity with the me tropolitan district is confined to Kent and Sussex. Sussex, however, does not touch the river in any part. In Sussex, therefore, this spot cannot be; Kent, consequently, is the county where it must be looked for. Then comes the second question—what part of Kent ? From London to Gravesend taking two hours, on the average, by steamer; it cannot be Gravesend for that reason. What other point on the river, in connexion with a railroad answers the distance, v IZ., half an hour by that mode of locomotion, and an hour and a quarter by water, or steam conveyance ? Clearly none other that Erith, which is precisely identical in all further respects with the description : and than which there can be no pleasanter resting place for the living to lay the dead in the whole kingdom. Planted with the taxodiaand thepinussempervirens—with the eupressus, the arbor vitas, and the cedmis, interspersed with the richer varieties of the quercus, the ilex and the holly, and all those trees of that tribe which brave the rigours of an English winter with impunity, and fringed on hill top and water's edge with the salex Babeonice (the weeping willow) and its pendant branches, a combination of the beautiful in .onnexion with death might be produced at a small comparative outlay, which would not have its parallel in the whole world ; and a cemetery constructed which would put to shame even the " City of the Silent" at Constanti nople. Than Erith there can be no place better adapted for this purpose in the entire kingdom. Eritb, then, it must be, or the Commissioners have but pictured a scene drawn from their imagination.— Obserrer. ARRIVAL OF LORD GOUGH. SOUTHAMPTON, SUNDAY, FEB. 24.—The Penin insular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company' s ship Indus, Captain J. Soy, arrived' here this after noon, at four o'clock, with the heavy portion of the East India, China, and Mediterranean mails, in charge of Lieutenant Brady, R.N., Admiralty agent. The Indus has 113 passengers, amongst whom are Lord Gough, G.C.8., Lady Gough, Colonel Gough, Captain Gough, Major Edwardes, the Hon. Mrs. Grant, General and Mrs. Campbell, General Lovell, Colonels Garden and Bates, Captains Tytler and Lawton, Lieutenants Garrett, M'Donald, and Ne ville, Drs. Stephens, Darbv, Pritchard, and Thomp son ; Messrs. Paul, Hay, Wallace, Knox, Frith, Ross, Reed, Goldsworthy, Thomas, Harris, Schumacher, Webster, King, &e. On embarking on board the Indus, at Alexandria, Lord Gough was received with a salute of fifteen guns From the steamer, the band of the ship play ing " See the' Conquering Hero comes." His Lordship seemed highly gratified at his enthusiastic reception. On Friday a meeting of the naval and military officers resident in or near Southampton was called by Major-General Arnold, R.E., &c., and Vice-Admiral Dick, for the purpose of preparing a reception, on the arrival at Southampton of Lord Gough in the Indus, worthy of the distinguished services rendered by his Lordship. The meeting was attended by nearly seventy officers of the united ser vices. On the following day the mayor, Mr. Andrews, called a meeting of the Borough Council for the same purpose, and an address from the corporation to his Lordship was proposed. The motion, however, waa opposed by Mr, J. Clarke, a town-councillor and member of the Society of Friends, who objected to hero-worship, and ultimately, on a division being come to, there were nine for and nine against the projected address, whereupon the mayor giving the casting vote against it, the motion was lost. Tbis decision of the corporate body gave great dissatis faction throughout Southampton, the inhabitants, generally being desirous to greet Lord Gough with all customary honours. It is but right to add that twenty-one members of the Council were absent, otherwise the motion would have been triumphantly carried, and that a certain section of the Council, composed of members professing the principles of the Peace Society, and who assembled in great force, were the cause of the rejection of the measure pro posed. We are happy to say, however, that a num ber of the magistrates, clergy, naval and military officers, and inhabitants, have prepared an unofficial address to the veteran warrior, which it is intended to present to-morrow, in public, and at th e ti me o f your correspondent's closing his dispatch (six P . M .) a deputation had gone on board the Indus to ask when it would be convenient for Lord Gough to receive the address. (BY ELECTRIC TELE4RAPII.) NINE O'CLOCK, r.st. Our correspondent informs uq, by telegraphic dispatch, that the Southampton Docks were densely thronged by a great crowd of the inhabitants of Southampton, who had assembled when the Indus entered the tidal basin. Lord GJugh was received in the most enthusiastic manner, and returned thanks from the paddle-box of the steamer. Major Edwardes was likewise called for, and was greeted with tre mendous cheering. A complete ovation in fact was prepared, and the two gallant officers disembarked amidst thunders of applause both from the ships in the dock and from the shore, the band of the Indus playing appropriate music.— Times. SERIOUS ACCIDENT TO SPOLIR, TILE COMPOSER.— La Prase quotes the following passage from a htter, dated Cassel, February 16:—" The celebrated composer, M. Louis Spohr, whilte walking yesterday on the ice, had the misfortune to fall backwards, and received a hurt on his head. M. Spohr was inamediatAy conveyed to his home, where every care and at , ention were shown him, but the pral.sAonal attendants espsir of saving his life." * "Suggestions on immediate Legislative Require menti, addressed morn particulaily to the Landed Into rests." By the Hcn.Dudley Pelham, M.P. Loudon; W. H. Dalton. Pp. 16. " A Plan for Removing and Deodorising the Sewage of London, and for Applying it to the Purposes of Irr gatior." 13) illenry Stothert. Bvo. pp. 25. WertLe:Lner and Co., London: 1850. 13, Great Marlborough-street. NOTICE. -MADAME PULSZKY'S MEMOIRS CF A HUSGARIAN LADY, Will be ready with the Magazines, February 28, In 2 vols. post Svo., 21s. bound. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great, Marlborough-street. Orders received by all Booksellers. Now Ready at the Libraries, in 3 Vols., THE NEW NAVAL NOVEL, TIIE PETREL. " The author of this interesting work is, we believe, Admiral Fisher, who commanded at the blockade of Alexandria in 1840. By his skill in depicting life en the ocean, he will, we doubt not, supply the place in nautical literature vacant by the death of the lamented Captain Marrayat. His life of the ship is equally dashing, forcible, and free. For a first offering we know of few other works of the class, which in powerful description and refined humour could com pete with It. The whole cruise of The Petrel is a narrative of vivid interest."—Morning rest. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. JAMES ANDERSON. THIS EVENINt.. Will be presented, by her Majesty's Servants, OTHELLO. Othello, Mr. J. Anderson; lago, Mr. Yandenhoff ; Desdemona, Miss Laura Addison ; Emllia, Miss Yandenheff. To be follcwed by The Comedy of THE SPOILED CHILD. OM Pickle, Mr. Da- Tid,ge ; Little Pickle, 31iss Maria Ternan. Prirato boxed, 21. 35., 21. 12s. 6d., 21. Is., 11. Ils. 6d., and 11. Is. StalLs, ss. each. s. d. FIRST PRICE. Boxes - - 4 0 rit - - - 2 0 Lower Gallery 1 0 Upper Prallery - 0 6 Box-book-keel s. d. SECOND PRICE. Boxes - - 2 0 Pit - - - 1 0 Lower Gallery - 0 6 No Half-price to Upper Gallery. Mr. J. Povey. THEATRE ROYAL, HAY MARKET. Mr. B. Webster, 601 e Lesse±s and Manager, Old Brampton. THIS EVENING, _ _ Will be performed AS YOU LIKE IT. Jaques, Mr. C. Kean ; Rosalind, Mrs. C. Kean. After which a Vocal and Instrumental Concert, in which Mr. Sims Reeves and Miss Birch will appear. To conclude with THE ROUGH DIAMOND. The Box-office is under the direction of Mr. I. T. Archer. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI. Under the direction M Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING, Will be performed a new domestic Drama, called THE WILLOW COPSE. Principal characters by Messrs. Hughes, Wright, P. Bed bze , O. Smith, Worrell ; Madame Celeste, and Miss Woolgar. After which MY PRECIOUS BETSY. Characters by Messrs. Wright, Bedford, Worrell; Miss Harding, and Mrs. F. Matthews. To conclude with FRANKE NSTE I N ; or, The Model M an. ranken dein, Mr. Wright ; the What is It ? Mr. P. Bedford; Zamiel, Mr. 0. smith ; Otto of Rosenberg, Miss Woolgar ; Thidlewlncz, Miss E. Chaplin ; Agatha, Miss Coyeny ; Undinc, Mite E. Harding. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Mr. J. M. Maddox. Sole Le..*te and Manage?. THIS EVENING Will be performed a new Opera, entitled CHARLES THE SE COND. To conclude with KING JAMIE ; or, Harlequin and Magic Fiddle larlequin, Mr. Bologna; Pantaloon, Mr. Paulo; Clown, Mr. Flea more ; Columbine, Miss Fawcett. NEW ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Sole Lessee, Mr. W. Watts, St. John's Wood. THIS EVENING, Will be performed THE NOBLE HEART. Characters by Messrs. G. V. Brooke, Davenport, Ryder, Johnstone, Belton, Lee, Howard ; and Mrs. Mowatt. After which THE POET'S SLAVE. To conclude with a Farce, entitled A DEAD TAKE IN. Captain Darceurt, Mr. Wigan; Hector Poulet, Mr. Compton; Clara, 31iss )liver. ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. FRENCH FLAYS AND OPERA COMIQUE. Last Week but One of M. CHOLLET'S Engagement. Mr. MITCHELL begs respectfully to announce that the French Performances at the St. James's Theatre will commence THIS EVENING, At Eight o'clock, when will be performed LE POSTILLON DE LONJUMEALT. Chapelou, 31. Cholla. After wh!elt UN TIGRE DE DENGALE, The Bea-office of the Theatre is open daily from Eleven till Five. Boxes and Stalls at Mr. Mltehell's Royal Library, 33, Old Bond street. BOTAL LYCIUM THEATRE. Cndor the Management of Madamc Vestrit. bole Lessee, Mr. Charles Mathews. THIS EVENING, Will be performed CHARLES THE TWELFTH. After which THE ISLAND OF JEWELS. To conclude with PATTER versus CLATTER. Dress Boxes bd.; Upper BOXe:, 4s. ; 28. ; Gallery, Is. No tall-price to any part of the house. All applications for Private Boxes must be made to Mr. Allcroft, 15 New Bond-street. ASTLE ROYAL ASi r w_!,ATILii.. Proprietor, Mr. W. Batty. An entire change in the Scenes of the Arena. New Grand Spectacle. Madlles. Gardoni and Amilie on the Dcuble Tight Ropes in a petite Ballet entitled The Fffingarian Wood-cutters. THIS EVENING, The performance will commence at a Quarter to Seven, with a new Grand Spectacle of THE CORSE DE LEON; or, the Brigand of Savoy. To be followed by a brilliant display of Batty's peerless scenes of the Circle, supported by the accomplished artistes of tke establish ment. To conclude with BESS OF THE BELL; or, The Love Story. Box-office open from Eleven till Your. 111311 WATER AT LONDON BRIDGF. Tim DAY —Morning, 41 min. after 12 1 Evening, 10 min after 1 To-Afoaaciv —Morning, 36 mm. after 1 1 Evesing, 5 min. %stet 2 THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, FEB. 24. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 33, Highest, 43, Noon, 39. BAROMETER, 30'38. WIND W. to W.N.W.—Tery cold and foggy. FEB. 25. rnznxo3lxTza, Loirest, 35; Highest, 41; Noon, 45. EASOMETEIt, 30 44. WIND E.—dull cloudy weather. c . tt i kl ii • S. / .• A, \lit4 .-.4 "1 ‘„ t_ i , ~ tr •3, 0 , .. bRo 1 .,.,... . . -,- , '4.:' 1 , ~........... 01:Jeatiltg Inl 4 LONDON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1850. Mr. Diaasua's motion for a revision of the p oor laws, by the transfer of the establishment charges, and the charges for the relief of casual poor to the general revenue of the country, has forcibly directed the public attention to the injustice and inequality of the existing system . As we have already shown, it was originally intended that the owners of personal property should contribute fairly, in proportion to their means, to the support of the destitute poor. It was justly conceived that the poverty of the country constituted the first charge upon its property, and that the burden should be equitably distributed on all inhati'ants of the district who were in the possession and enjoyment of accu mulated and realised property of any description what soever. The payment of poor-rates was a great social duty, from which no person of sufficient ability could be discharged or exonerated. In those days, how ever, personal property was comparatively small in amount and of a character that could easily be concealed, so that an opportunity existed for unconscientious persons of defrauding the other rate payers by withholding any return of their personal property. The value of lands and buildings could easily be ascertained, but not so of mere personal pro perty, of money, or securities for money. It was, there fore, fuund convenient to exempt the latter description of property, in order to avoid the disputes and liti gation that would otherwise unquestionably arise, and the heavy legal expenses consequent thereon. Since•that period, however, a new machinery has been brought into operation by which the income arising from personal property can be ascertained and made to defray its fair proportion of the na tional expenditure. But no movement has taken place to make it contribute towards the relief of the poor. The unconscientious and illegal frauds that were perpetrated in a former age have been permitted to exo nerate the present posseasors of personal property from the charges for which they were legally and equitably responsible. It is a well-known maxim of law that " no time can sanctify a fraud ;" and it must, there fore, be manifest that the parties have no title to a continuance of the exemption which they have so long enjoyed; and that they could no more complain, if now compelled to act properly, than the descend ants or representatives of a robber, if obliged to make restitution of stolen goods. Mr. DISRAELI, was, however, greatly mistaken in the nature of the remedy which he suggested. He clearly and distinctly exposed the existing injustice, and the consequent injury to the. land (including houses and buildings in the term), by making the entire poor-rates fall upon what represented but little more than one-third of the accumulated capital of the country. But he would correct that evil by one of still greater magnitude. He did not propose to make the owners of personal property contribute their fair proportion of the charges but to bring in a new class of contribu• tors, and to tax the industrious and labouring classes fur the support of those who : were but little worse off than themselves. This grave mistake most probably led to the rejection of the motion, which might have been carried with the general approbation of the country, had it been limited to inaking every description of property contribute rateably to the poor-law expenditure. A proposition of a more comprehensive and far more equitable character has jut been put forward by a gentleman whose family have long been intimately connected with, and interested i n , the welfare and prosperity of agriculture. The Hon. DUDLEY PELHAM, M.P., brother of the Earl of YARBOROUGH, has published a pamphlet,* in which the question is mcst ably and fairly argued, and suggestions offered which, although some modi fications should be made before they were adopted by the Legislature, 3et form the basis on which the subject may be equitably arranged. The Hor. Gen tleman has had considerable experience of the working of the poor-law code in two distinct parts of the king dom, in which the practice is widely different—in Lin colnshire, where the evils of the existing law of set tlement are painfully apparent, and in the Isle of Wight, where for nearly eighty years there has prac tically been " union settlement" and " union ma nagement," and where the advantages of the system, with one exceptional evil, are fully appreciated. The exceptional evil, so justly complained of by the Hon. Gentleman, is the retention of parochial averages, calculated on the previous averages of expenditure and the alteration in the value of the property to be assessed. This grievance, which operates most in juriously to the less wealthy districts, placing the heaviest burdens on those least competent to butt. it, might, however, be remedied without considerable difficulty. Mr. PELHAM strongly objects to any transfer of the rates to the Consolidated Fund, and declares that all the schemes for that purpose are defective. He desires to maintain local management, and a general interest in keeping down the expenditure. lie insists that the poor-law itself, which in its present form he declares to be most prejudicial to the working classes—to the employers of labour, whether, in town or country, and ultimately to the ratepayers and the whole community —must be amended before any beneficial change can be effected. The first reform which he advocates is the " total abolition of the law of settlement," the monster grievance which cripples the energies and paralyses the exertions of the able-bodied poor—which leads to the closing of parishes, and the local congestion of the population in the poorer districts, with all its atten dant evils and demoralising results. This great change would confer on the industrious classes the greatest possible benefit ; it would give " free trade in labour" which is now fettered and embarrassed by a variety of partial and oppressive restrictions. It would en able both the employers and employed to suit them selves with what was best suited to their wants and exigencies. In place of the former being obliged to employ careless and inefficient men, merely because they have obtained a footing in the parish, he could get the best workmen, who would better discharge the duties assigned to them, while the latter could carry their only capital—their labour—to the best market without let or hindrance. This most im portant suggestion is well worthy of public attention, and we trust that it may speedily be acted on, by which the intertes of all parties and classes would be promoted and advanced. The next point put forward by the llonourable Gentleman is, that " union chargeability and union management should be established, with an equal union poundage-rate throughout the entire district.' This would be a manifest improvement on the exist ing system, which operates so unequally and partially, placing the heaviest burdens on those who are least able to sustain it. We should go even further than Mr . PELHAM, and recommend a national rate, by which the charge would be equally distributed throughout the entire country, and every man should contribute secundum statum et facultates. We would, however, illingly accept the proposition as an instalment cf justice, which would speedily lead to the full accom plishment of our wishes. Mr. PELHAM then proposes that the general con tribution should be levied by means of a direct tax, on the basis of the property and income-tax, which thus might be adapted to the local management in the unions. Fundholders and others, who now enjoy an unjust exemption, would be obliged to discharge their fair liabilities. We see but one objection to this, that it would make the profits of industry contribute as much as accumulated capital. We have already shown the partial and oppressive operation of the income-tax in that respec*, and we would decidedly object to its further extension ; but free the profits of industry from the charge, and there can be no possible reason why the other parties assessed to the property-tax should not contribute. We heartily commend this very interesting and useful pamphlet to all who desire that the vexate questio of the poor-rates should receive prompt and satisfactory solution. Among all those sanitary requirements which are at present originating popular agitation and justify ing the interposition of the Executive., the necessity of an improved system of drainage is the most essen tial and importunate. Even with the elaborate arrangements now in operation throughout the me tropolis, it is a notorious fact that the results of the existing plans are of the most deleterious and perni cious character. The air inhaled and the beverage imbibed by the vast population of London are poisoned by the, impurities squandered into the river flow ing through the capital of England. Squandered, we say, because the very materials which are thus permitted to infect the atmosphere with disgusting ex halations,-and to contaminate the water of the Thames with accumulated putrescence—if only properly col lected and distributed might very readily be rendered the means of diffusing throughout the island an extra ordinary amount of fertilization. To dream, there fore, of perpetuating an evil of thi s t wo f o ld c h arac t e r —an evil which, while it multiplies disease, and per petually increases the mortality, drains from the agri cultural regions of the country a certain source of enrichment would not only be false economy but the utmost extravagance of temerity. It would be false economy because of its wasting such inestimable means for enhancing the wealth of the community. It would be the utmost extravagance of temerity, because by a continuation of these prac tices we should be arming Death wi t h new wea p o ns of destruction. Hence-it is, that as a matter affect ing the health, the pockets, and the comfort of the people, the contrivance of s ome nove l sc h eme o f drainage for the metropolis has come at last to be recognised as one of the most conspicuous wants of its inhabitants. To purify the Thames, to remove so many evils from the capital of the empire, and w eo h nf i e l s e retl d iul o iet i yn ng oo all toof this to convey the materials o f m in e one of the chief t t h h e e fo c r o e n g t o i h u g o u c s o B p i d r e o r vi a n t i c o e e s s , h h e it e s o , aspirations of the people, and one of the principal am bitions of the Sewers Commissioners. To this end the Government empowered those Commissioners very recently to receive plans for the better removal of the sewage of London from its neighbourhood. A vast number of schemes having this object i n v i ew were submitted to their consideration, but the w h o l e of these same schemes, without one solitary e xcel ,. tion, were soon after their transmission decisively re jected.diiferen Sincedescsritihoenn h as another a ppeared, whi c h, from plan of a totally its facility of adoption, its simplicity of arrangeme n t, its applicability to the existing system, and its effectual combination into a single focus of so ma n y and such apparently contradictory requirements, challenges the attention of every man really interested in the cause of sanitary innovation. The author of the proposed scheme, Mr. HENRY STOTHERT, of Bath, has already unfolded his proposal to the Sewage Com. naissioners in the form of an explanatory pamphlet," a copy of which has fallen into our hands within a brief interval after its publication. Before touching upon the plan described in this pamphlet, it will be as well to observe that the necessity for a change in the present mode of draining the metropolis reduces itself simply to this—the reten tion of the sewage from the river, and the convey ance of it to localities where it may be rendered available for distribution. Now among all the propositions which have as yet ema nated from the engineering abilities of Eng land, with the exception of the remarkable plan just submitt e d b y i ts au th o r, Mr. STOTHERT, to publio consideration,the only scheme at all worthy of notice is the one w h ere b y it is suggested that the sewage of London shall be emptied into a capacious tunnel on either side of the Thames, to be conducted by those channels to some convenient spot in the eastern environs of the capital, there to be carried away by branch drains into the fields requiring the nu trition of manure. Hundreds of individuals have long pondered over the practicability ofsuch an arrangement, but all to no purpose, from the interposition of the obstacles very clearly enumerated by Mr. STOTHERT in the preliminary page of his pamphlet. The first objection he declares to be, that the capacity of the tunnel which would be requisite on the City side of the river " would be so great as to be almost insur mountable, endangering the foundations of the bridges as it passes," and from one extremity to the other, from Vauxhall-bridge to the East India Docks, necessitating a lamentable destruction of property. Another objection is the liability of the tunnel to choke, in consequence of the very slight and in sufficient fall from the western to the eastern ter minus ; and yet another, and that too, perhaps, the most insuperable, the extraordinary expense of such a bold and gigantic undertaking. "But," asks Mr. STOTHERT, " can any other feasible mode be sug gested for carrying away the sewage ?" His reply to this inquiry is distinct and instantaneous—" Yes, without any question." What this mode of drainage is we cannot more briefly or more lucidly explain than in the words of its projector. His plan for carrying away the sewage of the metropolis he describes to be as follows : "By dividing the distance between Chelsea and the East India Docks into compartments; each compart ment to have a separate Cornish steam engine, with cess pool and culvert on one or both sides, running into it, into which culvert the drains or sewers in that corn partmeut will intersect and empty themselves. " Each steam engine, with its own cesspool, culvert, and drains, must be of sufficient power to raise the con tents thirty-six feet high, at which height it will flow over into a vertical pipe that will communicate with a horizontal one, that will pass by each engine, receiving its contents, and conducting the same away to convenient localities for its deposit. " Wherever engines are fixed, they will be connected with a cesspool cf suitable dirne , ,sions, into which cess pool the main culverts running nearly parallel a ith the river, will empty themselves. " These main culverts should be large enough to receive nil the drains that empty themselves into the Thames at present, so that the contents at all the present sewers or drains in each division will find their way into the cess pools attached to the engines. " The cesspools should be provided with a line of valves opening outwards, above high water mark, more than equal to one.-half the area of the main culverts, so as to provide against heavy storms of rain, or flushing." By this plan it must be perceptible that the Thaines would be preserved from contamination without in terfering with existing arrangements any further than by closing up for ever the extremities of the drain s and sewers at present emptying themselves into tha river. The sewage would thereupon be no longer squandered into a water channel subject to tidal in fluences—exhaling noxious vapours into the atmo sphere of the capital, and imparting poisonous quali ties to the beverage of its inhabitants. Nor would these be the only advantages : the richest description of manure would be placed at the disposal - of the agriculturists ; and, besides all this, au enormous profit might be obtained beyond the whole of the ex penses incurred by the required alterations, and be yond the annual working of the entire system. The calculations made by Mr. STOTHERT, in regard to the last-mentioned particular, are of bewildering magnitude, and yet at the same time of unimpeach able accuracy. For example, the sewage matter of London has been proved to exceed 2,000,000 of tons annually. Experience has shown that 100 tons of such manure is sufficient for en acre of ground an nually. According to the statement of the Sewage Manure Company of Londor, it appears that they ob tain 41. per acre, although their material is very im perfectly distributed. From these facts it is esti mated that 1,000,000 of acres, at the very least, could be readily manured from the accumulation made out of these 2,000,000 tons of sewage matter—that, distributing this material at the rate of V. per 100 tons, per acre, no less than 4,000,0001. might he realised, and that deducting therefrom the annual cost of working and four per cent. interest on outlay, amounting, says Mr. STOTHERT, to 198,1551, an annual profit of 2,801,845/., would remain over and above the expenditure. These calculations, it must be observed, are not the fancies of some idle day dreamer, but the estimate made by a bold and able en gineer. Grand'as the whole scheme is, we see no token of its impracticability : everything, on the con trary, tends to demonstrate the possibility of, its immediate application to existing arrangements. If carried out it will prove of incalculable advantage to the metropolis and to the provinces, and will secure to Mr. HENRY STOTHERT, its projector, that gratitude which is ever due to a great public benefactor. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. We have received the Paris journals of Saturday and yesterday. The lists of candidates for Paris have been at length announced. The Democratic candidates are Lieut. De Flotte, formerly a lieutenant in the navy, and one of the amnestied of June; M. Vidal, the ex secretary to Louis Blanc's commission at the Luxem bourg ; and M. Carnet, who was Minister of Public Instruction under the Provisional Government. M. Emile de Girardin was proposed as a candidate at the preliminary meeting of the Democratic electors, but was rejected. The Union Electorale has put out its provisional list, to be reduced to three at the preparatory meet ing. They are, General de la Ilitte, M. Foy, son of General Foy; General d'Arbonville, M. Persil, ex. Minister ; M. Thayer, Count Chabrol, Major de Laborde, M. Marbeau, founder of the charitable system of Creches; the Due de Padoue, and M. Eck, bronze-founder; M. Bonjean The Napoleon de clares that the Bonapartists accept General de la Hitte, M. Bonjean, and the Due de Fadoue, and will not support any others. There was an animated discussion in the National Assembly on Saturday on one of the clauses of the Public Education Bill, in 'the course of which the " pointless epigrams" of M. THIERS procured for him an indignant protest against his wilful perver sions of fact from General CAVAIG NAC, and a dignified rebuke from M. LAMARTINE, who took the opportu nity of again proclaiming his allegiance to, his admie ration of, and his faith in the Republic. The discus sion arose on an amendment proposed by M. Boux • EAT to the 65th article of the Public Instruction Bill, for the purpose of excluding from the office of schoolmaster any person belonging to a religious congregation not recognised by the State, and for bidding any religious congregation to open a school except by virtue cf a special law, and on condition that the rules of the said religious congregation should be made public. The Hon. Gentleman acknowledged that his amendment was directed against the Jesuits, who were not Frenchmen, and were subject to a foreign power, and whose doctrines and conduct were immoral, tyrannical, and unsuited to the children of the citizans of a republic. The Bishop of LA.NGRES opposed the amendment. and eulogised the Jesuits, whom he would not consent to offer up as a holocaust for sake of such a ransom as this Education Bill. M. TRIERS declared that the principle of liberty inscribed in the Constitution, for bade any exclusion even of Jesuits. The time, in fact, was not come for treating the question, which would be more in its proper place when the law regarding associations should be brought before them. After which M. TRIERS proceeded, amidst great confusion, to say that if the Republic had lasted for two years it was because nothing which they (the Opposition) wished for had been accomplished. If the Republic still existed, it was because the men who had not founded it had vowed to give it their support. If it still existed, it was because, to use the words of one of its chiefs, it bad not fallen into the hands of men of disorder. If the Republic existed two years, it was because the friends of order had combined to support a Government they had not founded, and to rescue it from the hands which made it. Once more he would say, that if the Republic had lasted two years, it was because the Opposition had been baulked of its designs I and if the Republic should last longer, it would be on the sole condition that the same parties should not be allowed to govern. General CAVAIGNAC then rose to protest against the unfair construction which M. TRIERS had at tempted to put on the words which he (General CAVAIGNAC) had formerly addressed to the men of disorder and of violence, and for which he considered that he was deserving of honour ; but he had no right to apply them to the adversaries of the law under dis cussion. " When he applies the words I used," l con cluded the General, " to th ose o f whom spoke we shall be agreed; but when he gives to them a signi• fication which they have not—when he applies them to those who believe the proposed law to be a bad law, he uses arguments which are quite unworthy of him." The General sat down ainidst loud cheering. M, EMANUEL ARAGO and M. FAVRE having succes sively attacked M. TRIERS, the latter again rose to explain, but he made matters worse by saying that the moment was not yet come fur telling the whole history of these unfortunate and fatal days of Febru ary, for such he would call them. Then the Left shouted order, followed by the greatest tumult. At r length he was heard to say, that in the eyes of those who profited by the event such days were glorious to him they were the contrary, - for they had wounded him in his affections. This explanation brought up M. LAMARTINE, who expressed his regret that M. TRIERS should have taken advantage of the present discussion to utter pointless and most sale epigrams against the past. " We may," continued M. La- MARTINE, " leave, without reply, the attacks which we have just heard, and which we read every day in the journals against the institutions which govern our country, for the arnecracy is sufficiently strong, has a sufficient hold on the future to disdain epigrams.— (Cheers.) It is not by mewls of epigrams that go vernments are destroyed and monarchies restored. — (Renewed cheering.) Men of wit make epigrams, the people make revolutions —(Bravo) Gentlemen, I should be the most cowardly of men, if after the honour which fell to me, two years since, an honour for which I neither conspired nor sought— (Cheers) —I did not come forward now to bear, to the revolution of February, that homage which it merits.—(Cheers.) This day is the eve of the anni versary of that revolution, and if it does not require any of us to stifle honourable regrets, it at least ought to command, on the part of those who enter tain them, a respectful silence.—(Cheers.) Yes ! no doubt those days on which blood flows are always fatal days. But the days of the morrow, those en which the Republic of the democracy went forth, I will call them in the face of the world, glorious , days. —(Cheers.) Why are they glorious ? Because, after having gained the victory, the people covered its enemies with its strength." At the conclusion the whole of the Left rose en masse and saluted the orator with cries of " Vire la Republique !" On a division, the amendment of M. BOUIIZAT was re jected by 450 to 148. The Minister of the Interior announced that there would be seats reserved et Notre Dame for the Members of the Assembly dc siring to take part in the religious ceremony for the victims of February, and the Assembly separated at eight o'clock in great agitation. The Moniteur du Soir contradicts the reports whipb were in circulation with regard to an alleged outbreak at Rouen. The Corsaire says that the PRESIDENT of the Republic will, immediately after the elections, male his long-talked of excursion in the smith of France. The Procureur of the Republic of the Seine has given orders for the strict execution of the law of the 10th December, 1830, which interdicts the posting up of any bills treating of political matters. The report of 21.. CHARLES DrIPIN, on the Bill for regulating the comerce of Algeria with Frayce and foreign countries, has been distributed to the Assem bly. It recommends that foreign produce imported into Algeria shall be subject to the same protective duties as if they ,vere imported into France by the ports of the Mediterranean. The committee proposes also, by a special article, to encourage foreign vessels to take in return cargoes of Algerian produce--by modifying the tonnage dues in their favour. Urgency is demanded for the Bill. Letters from Smyrna of the 6th state that the French squadron was still anchored at Mosconissi, and would shortly return to Smyrna. The President of the Assembly, the Ministers, and a deputation of the Assembly, attended yesterday Divine service, in commemoration of the Revolution of February, in the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Paris was profoundly tranquil. It was not likely that this tranquillity would be disturbed. 'Tie Five per Cents were done yesterday in the Passage de l'Ouiera at 96f. 25c. BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE LONDON STOCK-EXCHANGE. FEB. 23. . . _ . f 'Boulogne and Amiens, 71( ? , ex div.—East Indian, 5 Northern of France, 1414—Rouen and Havee, SPAIN. 1111drid journals of the 19th have arrived. The Spanish Cortes were prorogued on the 18th. The President of the Counci►, in grand uniform, an nounced to the Senate and Chamber cf Deputies that her MAJESTY has ordered him to communicate the following decree : "In conformity with the prerogatives which are ac cordol to me by Art 26 of the Constitutioa, and in ac cordance with my Council of Ministers, I decree—thst the sittings of the present session shall be and remain suspended. Signed the QUEEN, and counter signed by all the Ministers." Immediately after this the two Chambers broke up. Tne Corps Diplomatique waited on the QUEEN, on the evening of the 17th, and the POPE'S Nuncio, in her name, delivered an address congratulating her MAJESTY and Spain on her interesting situation. The QUEEN returned a suitable reply. MADRID BOLSA, FEB. 19.—Three per Cents., 29, ; FiVe per Cents., 12 15-16, both paper. Exchange on London, 50 30 money. LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 25, 1850. GERMAN Y. It is stated in a letter from Frankfort, of the 18th, that the Federal Commission has sent 15,0001. to London as a payment on account for the vez;sels or dered by the ex-Central Government of Germany for the German fleet. The Berlin Gazette, of the 21st, announces offi cially that the KING, having fallen against a stone bench, had so injured his leg as to be obliged to re main in his apartments. On the 21st, the Second Chamber of Prussia voted the extraordinary credit of 18,000,000 thalers demanded by the Minister of War. The Second Chamber had also approved in principle of the Bill for abolishing the exemption from taxa tion, heretofore attached to the property of certain nobles. The First Chamber of Saxony, in a recent sitting, formally approved of the policy of the Ministry in the German question. There were reports at Berlin on the 17th that Russia and Austria had protested against the meeting of the German Parliament at El furl. BELGIUM. Tho Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belgium pre sented on Thursday to the Chamber of Representatives a Bill for sanctioning a treaty of commerce and navi gation between Russia and Belgium, which has lately been signed. With one or two exceptions, thy treaty establishes complete reciprocity in the tonnage and customs dues of the two countries. The treaty is to last for five years certain.—The Senate of Bel gium on Thursday adopted, by 35 votes to 7, the Bill on the importation of corn and provisions, as sent up from the Chamber of Representatives. HOLLAND. THE HAGUE, FEB. 21.—The Stoats Courant pub. lishes a royal decree suppressing the presents hitherto given to the local authorities of the Barbary states, and which were paid annually under the denomination of spendaticgelden, to the Consul General of Tan giers, 3,500 florins ; to the Consul-of Tunis, 2,500 florins; and to the Consul of Tripoli, 1,500 florins. The same decree grants en augmentation to the sa lary of the interpreters and superior attaches of these consulates, by which the Consul of 'Tangiers has an increase of 1,500 florins, and those of Tunis and Tri poli 1,000 florins each. By another decree of the same day, the office of treasurer to the Consul-General of Sznyrna is abolished, and an honourable dismissal granted to N. J. Shan', v 4 ho has hitherto filled that post. U SSIA. - - The Augsburgii Gazette states that the report was current at Warsaw, and among the Russian officer:, that Russia is about to enter into a defensive alliance with Greece, and that in the spring the troops will be moved towards the Balkan. The Breslau Gazette says that it was hoped that after the withdrawal of the Russian troops the fron• tiers of Poland would remain unoccupied, but such is not the case, for by degrees the principal places have been again taken possession of by Russian regi ments. The Russian army now stationed on the Prussian frontier is estimated at 140,000 men. The general opinion among the army is that they are to act on the Rhine --perhaps against France. On the 14th of January there were launched at Nicolajew two vessels of the line of 120 and 84 guns respectively, as well as several other sailing and steam vessels. GREECE. The Levant mail brings adrices from Athens to the Bth inst. The Courrier d'Athenes publishes a letter, dated the 31st ult., from M. TIIO UVENEL , the French Envoy, addressed to M. LONDOS, the Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs, denying that General AUPICK ever had the slightest suspicion of the object the British fleet had in view when it cast anchor in the Bay of Salamis Her Majesty's steam-frigate Odin was the only ship at the Pirreus, the fleet being still at Salamis. The smaller vessels, as the Racer, Frolic, Rosamond, &c., were distributed at Patras, Zante, and Corfu. Captures continued to be made of Greek vessels, the duty of blockading, as of capturing, devolving ge nerally on the steamers. The merchants at Athens were getting weary of the check on their commerce, and in some few instances had remonstrated with the Hellenic Government. At Athens the people were by no means disaffected towards the English ; at Patras the feeling was mere hostile. ITALY. The Nazionale of Florence states that, on the 14th, a disturbance took place at Fucecchio, owing to a dis pu - te b e tween some soldiers and to wnsmen. Th e former having threatened to make use of their arms, several of the people got possession of the muskets of the National Guard, now dissolved, and others began to throw stones. Peace was restored, however, before much harm had been done on either side. The Tuscan Government immediately sent a party of 100 Velites to the spot. . . A. letter from Rome of the 13th, in the Concordia, states that General BiRAGUAY D ' HILLIERS has been obliged to place sentinels before the statue of Pas- QUINO, in order to put an end to the unceasing satires which daily encumber the monument of that cele brated personage. A letter from Vienna of the 17th states that an Austrian corps d'arm6e is to enter Rome at the same time as the POPE. A letter from Naples of the 12th Feb. says:— " That which nothing else has been able tc) effect, the eruption r to the paliice removal, of the Pop e . It is only, however,.fi c eet scenes Vesuvius ha s e ff ec t e I, the flight, o r rattle on Cape di Mont e , w h ere h e can en j o y the meg ni s b now being exh i bit e d cn V esu vius, without trftir ling at the dreadfal roaring of the mountain, and r out fear of bein g overw h e l me d . I he :r nothing, howeret (if a more distant flight. Arres . ts still continue ben', .and I hear that I st night a terribly large batch was s- A and sent off to prison —some say 27 m en of birth an"'ili specezeilite. Mr. Bro wn , an American, forraerly at Rome, fi as been ordered to quit Naples within 48 WI", whereupon an indignant and angry correspondence Pad taken place between the American Charge d'Affair es n or the Neapolitan Government. As yet LI know not ° Ol how, it has terminated. I must not forget to inf br i , you of the se a'e of Vesuvius. For a week we have T o enjoyed the most spiendid eruption which har ried tu'e s place for meny years. The ashes have ben c sr. ran, we know, as 20 miler, and no doubt much fart e lle ro The lava descends in two streams upon Ottajano, to it has destroyed a palace and much land belonging. nob!eman of that name, and another towards Torii es teenurziata. whilst the fleme.s and the immens e cans 'od of rocks which are eject e d f orm a t n i g ht a splen did a terrific spectacle. The roaring of the moun tain Saturday night last was such as to disturb t he country for miles round, and h e re in Naples our 1111,.. dor. , shook with every repetition cf it, which we' ;se ceasing night and d a y. I mmense crowds, of ce lh e ; walk over h the other side of the Lay. to get a parer v'e e; religious p rocess i ons are mov i n g about, for io intercession of the Mad o nn a an d the saints; an d it ' to said that the Pope i s t o p er f orm so me ceremo nia, cause the mountain to stay its ruinous proceedi e g s ' e et am sorry to add that the accideets to those wh o p o le over have been very sad. On Saturday night a Yc lin p g at was struck in he leg by a burning stone , w ill— I c es§ through the limb, and he died on the mountain from the of blood. A yo ung A mer i can off i cer was struck in his arm, which hung suspended by a bit of flesh, O n tOO arrival in Naples he had lost so much blood tha. amputation could not take place, and A 3 no r ea l ,° a ha,s up to this time taken place, it is not exP a ',d that he can live. A gendarme is al3° " Pcirbw ''v killed, and two men who had fallen a sacrifice to t'i ss eruption were said to have been buried yeste rdsl ea Portici. Some anxiety has been felt for an Engli Sbra hl t and his wife who had not returned from a visi t e ' ° , l te mountain; and yet the crowds roll on night an d L u h s ', ot . see this wonderful phenomenon. From the reigrni3d fled hood of the mountain all th e inh a bitants have fled the powder from the magazine at Terra has been ie. move I." CHANCERY.-(THIS DAY.) " The Lord Chancellor sat at Lincoln's Inn to - JO hear appeals. with His Lorthhip was occupiel the whole morni n g hteh " the 'arguments in the case-of Shepherd v. Shepard, gli.","b"o came hefire him upon appeal from the decision 0 i r Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce, overruling a drPlcebe put in by the defendant to the bil l ' ; n eat question in the caae related to a cargo of CO shippfAl to Bombay, but there is no interest in the 51 " - ( xcept to the parties concerned. ROLLS' COURT.-(THIS DAY')II S . The Muter of the Rolls sat in his Court in the 1,0) yard, Chancery. lane, to day, and heard cause,. „, of b The further arguments in the par:-h e ard ca tl ' o lo Thornber v. Sheard occupied his Lordship the morning. VICE-CHANCERY.—(THIS DA," 03, fore the V ICE -C HANCELLOR of ENGLAND .) His Honour sat tc-day at eleven o'clock. BIRD V. SMITH. were The furthi:r arguments in this l art-heard: ose st. resumed. The caiozi involved no point of public intere (a,foro Vice-Caancellor KNIGHT BRUCE ) TYLER V. NEWCOMBE. COl lll The flu ther a-guments in this cash occupied Li" - :he whole day. Pe"ore Vice-CI anceller WrGaitm ) Motions of no ti - Olic interest occupied the Court grnt3r part of the day. QUEEN'S BENCH.--(THIS Dilir.f.)ce (Sittings at Nisi nines, at Guildhall, before Mr .Jus ' COLERIDGE, and a Common Jury.) Ic JOHNSON V. THOMP3oN. , this case Mr. M. Chambers was coup t' plaintiff, and the de fondant was repre s ented by -e geant Shea. f e bola The subject matter of the action were tw o R e d houses situate in Butt-lane, Deptford, adjoining lbe A the Lion public-house, to which b o th the plaintiff an „al defendant ky id claim. The property i n q uestiod sc ifo devised in 1799 by one Peter Chambers, first to h 5 ., 5 0 for her life, and lifer her death to one Stephen of John Rigg, for his lif e; w ith rema i n d e r to Hall Pl - t ho ev ery 0 , for life; and after his decease to all and daughters of his (the testator's) brother JcsePh f o r their r o f bers, living at the death of Heory Brown spective natural lives, and for the life of the sure ly 0 the them; and after their decease to all and eyerj daughters of his (testator's) late brother, Natha n o C i i :f e of bers, for their respective natural lives, and fjr tb the surviv o r o f th em; w i t h rema i n d er to Ilia 0 w13 , 4 ;, - d is - heirs fur ever. P e t er Ch am b ers , th e testator, un.corl 1799, his wifo in 1812, Steph e n Ri g g in 1824, an d , ° Brown f Henry in January 1815"; and at the time of the neli there H Brown all the dauhter of Joseph r° were dead, and ail of the daughters s ct . Nathan tuba A be n except tl e plaintiff,Sarah Ann Johnson. 3 e loo 3 Sara Johnson, the was baptized in 178 1 , au"7,l - property as the only surviving daughter of —cabstitee Chambers. The defendsnt, on the other hand' tte un'er one William J o h nson , who descended fr °— W ho family of the other brother, Joseph Chambers, but is alleged to have ben The case, which is likely to last the whole dot' 110 proce cling when our report left. COMMON PLEAS.—(THIS D Jus tice (Sittings at Nisi Prius, before the Lord Chic' WILDE and a Special Jury.) c ase Thy Court was occupied with t h e adjourn ed c h — bad the Lleetric Telegraph Compa n y v . Brett, Whic not conclu 'cd when our report lift. BOW-STREET._.(THIS D AY. , 03 John Cox, a young man of very idiotic appeer 3n , a . e ' bfr• who was very' m eaaly dressed, was charged bet o ' e fol' l ffal . l, with . attempting; to commit suicide under t h o w j t a n m g e e s i T rc a u i m te s n t s ,a d n e e p es o : s — ed that he had know jtoner for the last twenty , is b j e g _ )ears, and had always bel v e to be of unsound mind, his actions at intervals , io a, n the P_ e r d 1 1 0 altogether those of a madman. About three o : c ia i° yesterday afternoon he was at dinner with his " %v .- jai t e lower part of the house in which the prisct er haer his aged mother resides, 3, Woburn-mevvs, S' f — hial place, an Russell-square, when Mrs. Cox ran do'iver ; life. ._ and told him that her son had been attrupting ,I a t lie rushed up stairs and found that the prisoner D 5 v ed tempted to hang himself ba rope, which he 115 ; 1 r,:to • i r ugh a hook in the ceiling,and then forme" -- de' cop. The hook had giving thwarts hi' way, however, thwar , uot be sign, and he w a s lyi ng on t h e fl oor , f u lly. believing ' P ., ba d had succeeded in co mm itti ng suicide. The prison e o s never done anything regularly for a livelihood, a s Il Lnea so exceedingly stupid. All ho lived on was A fc ° 1 1 :01 4 he got fr o m the os tl ers i n th e mew s, for running er rand , de' on their account. The reason for his at t e n3Ofing o t of stroy himself was a scr ib e d t o the following een", ja • some persons whom h e was in the habit of nsent'llotteir tap-room in the mews:—For some time 1 3 • 3 1 , ha t 01 had told him that h e never m ashed himsel f, and clea n ' he was fond of looking after the ladies he must be t orii .- they would not have him. They persisting Ili f - s c ,jisb turd ay that his skin was still . very black, - be vi , 11 1 , 5 ,, -° tb ei d i. enough to undress in the to room to show '" J yet"; allegations were quite unfunded. lie then bream: 60 0 morose, refusing to partake of anything up till of his attempted suicide. Mr. HALL r emar k e d t h a t it was a very clistresisoiol3ll case, and that the parochial authorities i nu se gV o C a l e i r i e l after him, as he was unable to support himself' aged mother could do nothing for him. Ile then or dered the police-constable to take him to the St. Gil e° house. MEM- Q DA V .) MARLBRO'-STREET—(THIS- - n a 6 TOM THUMB IN TROUBLE. •—• John Walla/1900f little fellow about two feet high, known in the a „pe i 1 of St. Giles' as " Tom Thumb f' lout whose real % bo o. Charles Maguire, were placed before Mr. J 3 ,,, ll3 '"frec il ,. charged with stealing a pair of trousers, value i'd . ;treo the shop of Mr. Joseph Solomons, 2 6 , 13. "' # Bloomsbury. ut 00 0 ' The prosecutor stated that on Saturday 511 g " ,bett hf ten o'clock, he was standing at his shop door, - 00r .ivai f an adjoining saw o the two prisoners standing in the c ! & 1 315 movements. Having occasion to enter his ovi house, apparently to serve a customer, ho was detained door ,1 minutes, and on his return to the i, v , t% Da person came and informed him that two r ,"Y j earil ) .,i stolen a pair of trousers from the door. On n a se", this witness ran to the corner of the street, a slo pla Tom 'Thumb runnin as fastas his little legs pelfW allow him, • hthe with trousers under his iin - f followed by the other prisoner. Witness we' ) r oon e " suit, and captured Tom Thumb. The wa l s n s d to o p fe p n e o d e b T y ona a c T on h t u t ni ab b le s . aid he watchi,ear. B b ..„rS, a n oivile r ' and was going to see if he could find he was stopped by the prosecutor. of t he The other prisoner denied all knowledge robbery. Mr. BINGHAM committed them for trial. ...-1 10. found: tPro;bep de most sig EXHlBlTlON interesting c; ---- -F INDUSTRY in hi 8 1 B R S o I dal' efvt. i ng, at the. meeting took place on Sato 4i n order to al form a committee of ladies to co-operst°o"the the Resolutions Exhibitionon t e i s o s n l riwnec were e oe A f tlabhgearr agreed Royal rn, r e e i sidence of the Duchess of Sather au ... + 3l , by the folio o f ladies who were present:—viz., the Marchioneesosae-5,44 Aylesbury, Westminster, Londonderry, and Clanri l ii d Viscountesses Jocelyn Walclegrave, Palmerstooi,orep Clanwilliam; . and Ladies Grey, Dover, rc ej ' bore' Stanley, Mary Stanley, Caroline Lascelles, She] do f, Ashburton, o Granville, Flahault, 80.; and I° o tb• Howard and Dufferin wero elected secretaries committee. i 1 t h of rfir,i H nuc A ne ir d is e t rl A b n eth ic rte E . T Ts THEATRE.-011 Monday , Moir ',oe eeddi in 08 Industry r o y f jilt I":i ati el March, t Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean will take: bea d BenedictA Chaplain and of theßeatrice Ph h e i ec o yi l a k il PPpINTMENTS. — The ray J. Dob i e l V v i s o i l ow i iciPw:P•9o.:°o ißea,l3ll the place cf the Rev. Steward W. Hanna' ~.1 . .. ",•„b 0 0 ; George Dowell is appointed Chaplain to _the,:`„ ili tor s '.,i 'l ti ,ntremns patronage ,ctb:hl iEstablishment 1 perf o rm ar fo : 0 : : mbt about agh:jreasettjers of bassy at PariT. Mr. Fletchet Conyers 140r",";.,0301", Attache to the British Embassy at Nap to ''° -- to 4 similar poition at Drui,